Tiu chun thit k cu

Phn 1 - Gii thiu chung

1.1. Phm vi
Cc quy nh ca B Tiu chun ny nhm dng cho cc cng tc thit k, nh gi v khi phc cc
cu c nh v cu di ng trn tuyn ng b. Tuy nhin n khng bao hm cc kha cnh an ton
ca cu di ng cho cc loi xe c gii, xe in, xe c bit v ngi i b. Cc quy nh ca B Tiu
chun ny khng dng cho cc cu dnh ring cho ng st, ng st ni (rail-transit) hoc cng
trnh cng cng. D kin mt phn b sung v thit k cu ng st s c bin son trong tng lai.
Vi cc cu loi , cc quy nh ca Tiu chun ny c th c p dng nu c thm nhng Tiu
chun thit k b sung khi cn thit.
B Tiu chun ny ch a ra nhng yu cu ti thiu cn cho an ton cng cng. Ch u t c th i
hi s linh hot ca thit k hoc cht lng vt liu v thi cng khng nht thit cao hn cc yu cu
ti thiu.
Cc quy nh ca B Tiu chun ny da vo phng php lun Thit k theo h s ti trng v h s
sc khng (LRFD). Cc h s c ly t l thuyt tin cy da trn kin thc thng k hin nay v
ti trng v tnh nng ca kt cu. Nhng quan im an ton thng qua tnh do, tnh d, bo v chng
xi l v va chm c lu nhn mnh..
B Tiu chun ny c bin son, da trn Tiu chun thit k cu theo h s ti trng v h s sc
khng ca AASHTO, xut bn ln th hai (1998), bn in dng h n v quc t (SI). Phn gii thch
ca Tiu chun thit k cu theo h s ti trng v h s sc khng ca AASHTO, xut bn ln th hai,
bn in dng h n v quc t (SI), bao gm nhng thng tin c bn v b sung, cc khuyn ngh v ti
liu tham kho khc, v c th gip ch cho vic s dng B Tiu chun ny.
B Tiu chun ny a vo s dng ng ngha thng nht trong ton b ni dung nh sau:

T phi c ngha l yu cu theo ng quy nh ca Tiu chun.

T cn c ngha l rt nn u tin dng mt tiu chun cho.

T c th c ngha l mt tiu chun c th c p dng nhng cng cho php p dng

mt tiu chun khc ca a phng c ti liu ph hp, qua kim nghim v c ph
chun ph hp vi phng php thit k cu theo h s ti trng v h s sc khng.

H n v mt (h quc t) c dng thng nht trong B Tiu chun ny.

Tiu chun thit k cu

1.2. Cc nh ngha
Cu - Mt kt cu bt k vt khu khng di 6m to thnh mt phn ca mt con ng.
Sp - S thay i ln v hnh hc ca cu dn n khng th s dng c na.
Cu kin, thnh phn - L mt chi tit kt cu ring bit hoc mt t hp cc chi tit ca cu i hi
phi c xem xt thit k ring.
Thit k - Xc nh kch thc v cu to cc cu kin v lin kt ca cu.
Tui th thit k - Khong thi gian trong ngun gc thng k ca ti trng nht thi da vo :
vi Tiu chun thit k cu ny l 100 nm.
Tnh do - Thuc tnh ca mt cu kin hoc lin kt cho php p ng khng n hi.
K s - Ngi chu trch nhim thit k cu.
nh gi - Vic xc nh kh nng chu ti ca mt cu hin c
Trng thi gii hn c bit - Trng thi gii hn lin quan n nhng s c nh ng t v va x
tu b, va x xe c vo cng trnh c cc chu k lp li vt qu tui th thit k ca cu.
Cu c nh - Cu c kh gii hn (tnh khng) c nh cho thng xe c hoc thng thuyn .
Hiu ng lc - Bin dng, ng sut hoc t hp ng sut (tc l lc dc trc, lc ct, m men un
hoc xon) gy ra do tc ng ca ti trng, ca nhng bin dng cng bc hoc ca cc thay i
v th tch.
Trng thi gi hn - iu kin m vt qua n th cu hoc cu kin ca cu ngng tho mn cc quy
nh c da vo thit k.
H s ti trng - H s xt n ch yu l s bin thin ca cc ti trng, s thiu chnh xc trong phn
tch v xc sut xy ra cng mt lc ca cc ti trng khc nhau, nhng cng lin h n nhng thng
k v sc khng thng qua qu trnh hiu chnh.
H s iu chnh ti trng - H s xt n tnh do, tnh d v tm quan trng trong khai thc
ca cu.
M hnh - S l tng ho kt cu dng cho mc ch phn tch kt cu.
Cu di ng - Cu c kh gii hn (tnh khng) c th thay i cho thng xe c hoc thng thuyn.
Kt cu c nhiu ng truyn lc - Kt cu c kh nng chu c cc ti trng nh sau khi mt
i mt cu kin hoc lin kt chu lc chnh.

Tiu chun thit k cu

Sc khng danh nh - Sc khng ca mt cu kin hoc lin kt i vi ng lc c xc nh bi

nhng kch thc ghi trong h s hp ng v bi ng sut cho php, bin dng hoc cng c
ghi r ca vt liu.
Ch u t - C quan hoc c nhn c quyn lc php l quyt nh u t i vi cu.
S dng bnh thng - iu kin s dng cu khng bao gm : loi xe c php c bit, ti trng
gi vi tc vt qu 25 m/s v cc s c c bit k c xi l.
Khi phc - Qa trnh m sc chu ti ca cu c khi phc hoc nng cao.
H s sc khng - H s ch yu xt n s bin thin ca cc tnh cht ca vt liu, kch thc kt
cu v tay ngh ca cng nhn v s khng chc chn trong d on v sc khng, nhng cng lin h
n nhng thng k v cc ti trng thng qua qu trnh hiu chnh.
Tui th s dng - Khong thi gian cu c d kin khai thc an ton
Trng thi gii hn s dng - Trng thi gii hn lin quan n ng sut, bin dng v vt nt.
Trng thi gii hn cng - Trng thi gii hn lin quan n cng v n nh.

1.3. Trit l thit k

1.3.1. Tng qut
Cu phi c thit k theo cc trng thi gii hn quy nh t c cc mc tiu thi cng c, an
ton v s dng c, c xt n cc vn : kh nng d kim tra, tnh kinh t v m quan nh nu
iu 2.5.
Bt k dng phng php phn tch kt cu no th phng trnh 1.3.2.1-1 lun lun cn c tha mn
vi mi ng lc v cc t hp c ghi r ca chng.
1.3.2. Cc trng thi gii hn

1.3.2.1. Tng qut

Mi cu kin v lin kt phi tha mn Phng trnh 1 vi mi trng thi gii hn, tr khi c quy
nh khc. i vi cc trng thi gii hn s dng v trng thi gii hn c bit, h s sc khng c
ly bng 1,0, tr trng hp vi bu lng th phi p dng quy nh iu 6.5.5. Mi trng thi gii hn
c coi trng nh nhau.
i Yi Qi

Rn = Rr

(1.3.2.1-1)

vi :
i= D R l > 0,95
i vi ti trng dng gi tr cc i ca Yi:

(1.3.2.1-2)

Tiu chun thit k cu

i =

1
1,0
D R I

(1.3.2.1-3)

trong :
Yi =

h s ti trng : h s nhn da trn thng k dng cho ng lc.

h s sc khng: h s nhn da trn thng k dng cho sc khng danh nh c ghi

cc Phn 5, 6, 10, 11 v 12.

h s iu chnh ti trng; h s lin quan n tnh do, tnh d v tm quan trng

trong khai thc.

h s lin quan n tnh do c ghi iu 1.3.3.

h s lin quan n tnh d c ghi iu 1.3.4.

h s lin quan n tm quan trng trong khai thc c ghi iu 1.3.5.

Qi

ng lc

Rn

sc khng danh nh

Rr

sc khng tnh ton : Rn

1.3.2.2. Trng thi gii hn s dng

Trng thi gii hn s dng phi xt n nh mt bin php nhm hn ch i vi ng sut, bin dng
v vt nt di iu kin s dng bnh thng.

1.3.2.3. Trng thi gii hn mi v ph hoi gin

Trng thi gii hn mi phi c xt n trong tnh ton nh mt bin php nhm hn ch v bin
ng sut do mt xe ti thit k gy ra vi s chu k bin ng sut d kin.
Trng thi gii hn ph hoi gin phi c xt n nh mt s yu cu v tnh bn ca vt liu theo
Tiu chun vt liu.

1.3.2.4. Trng thi gii hn cng

Trng thi gii hn cng phi c xt n m bo cng v s n nh cc b v n nh
tng th c d phng chu c cc t hp ti trng quan trng theo thng k c nh ra cu
chu c trong phm vi tui th thit k ca n.

1.3.2.5. Trng thi gii hn c bit

Trng thi gii hn c bit phi c xt n m bo s tn ti ca cu khi ng t hoc l ln
hoc khi b tu thu, xe c va, c th c trong iu kin b xi l.

Tiu chun thit k cu

1.3.3. Tnh do
H kt cu ca cu phi c nh kch thc v cu to m bo s pht trin ng k v c th
nhn thy c ca cc bin dng khng n hi trng thi gii hn cng v trng thi gii hn
c bit trc khi ph hoi.
C th gi nh rng cc yu cu v tnh do c tho mn i vi mt kt cu b tng sc khng
ca lin kt khng thp hn 1,3 ln ng lc ln nht do tc ng khng n hi ca cc cu kin lin k
tc ng ln lin kt .
S dng cc thit b tiu nng c th c coi l bin php lm tng tnh do.
i vi trng thi gii hn cng :
D 1,05 cho cu kin v lin kt khng do.
= 1,00 cho cc thit k thng thng v cc chi tit theo ng Tiu chun ny.
0,95 cho cc cu kin v lin kt c cc bin php tng thm tnh do quy nh vt qu
nhng yu cu ca Tiu chun ny
i vi cc trng thi gii hn khc :

D = 1,00

1.3.4. Tnh d
Cc kt cu c nhiu ng truyn lc v kt cu lin tc cn c s dng tr khi c nhng l do bt
buc khc.
Cc b phn hoc cu kin chnh m s h hng ca chng gy ra sp cu phi c coi l c nguy
c h hng v h kt cu lin quan khng c tnh d, cc b phn c nguy c h hng c th c xem
l ph hoi gin.
Cc b phn hoc cu kin m s h hng ca chng khng gy nn sp cu c coi l khng c
nguy c h hng v h kt cu lin quan l d.
i vi trng thi gii hn cng :
R 1,05 cho cc b phn khng d
= 1,00 cho cc mc d thng thng
0,95 cho cc mc d c bit
i vi cc trng thi gii hn khc:
R = 1,00
1.3.5. Tm quan trng trong khai thc
iu quy nh ny ch dng cho trng thi gii hn cng v trng thi gii hn c bit.

Tiu chun thit k cu

Ch u t c th cng b mt cu hoc bt k cu kin hoc lin kt no ca n l loi cu quan trng

trong khai thc.
i vi trng thi gii hn cng :
I

1,05 cho cc cu quan trng

1,00 cho cc cu in hnh

0,95 cho cc cu tng i t quan trng

i vi cc trng thi gii hn khc:

I = 1,00

Tiu chun thit k cu

Phn 2 - Thit k tng th v c im v tr cu

2.1. Phm vi cp
Quy nh cc yu cu ti thiu v kh gi hn, bo v mi trng, m quan, nghin cu a cht, kinh
t, kh nng thng xe, tnh bn, kh nng thi cng, kh nng kim tra v kh nng duy tu c. Cc yu
cu ti thiu v an ton giao thng c tm lc.
Cc yu cu ti thiu v thit b thot nc v cc bin php t bo v chng nc v nc mn cng
c cp.
V nhiu cu b ph hoi l do nguyn nhn xi l nn cc vn v thu vn v thu lc c cp
chi tit.
2.2. Cc nh ngha
Bi tch - S tch li chung v dn dn ph sa hoc nng cao trc dc ca lng sng do ph sa bi lng.
L kim tra xi cu - Lu lng l dng tnh ton xi l nn mng khi phi kim ton cu vt
sng theo trng thi gii hn c bit. Tr trng hp c ch nh khc ca Ch u t, l kim ton xi
cu phi dng l 500 nm.
Vng trng - Vng khng c chng ngi, tng i bng pha ngoi mp ca ln xe cho cc xe
i nhm c th quay li c. Ln xe y khng bao gm l hoc ln ph.
Kh gii hn (tnh khng) - Khong khng gian trng khng c chng ngi, c dnh cho thng xe
trn cu hoc thng xe di cu hoc thng thuyn di cu.
Xi mn - S h thp chung v dn dn trc dc ca lng sng do b xi lu ngy.
Lu lng l thit k - Lu lng nc ln nht m cu phi chu khng vt qu cc hn ch ca
thit k c duyt.
L thit k xi cu - Lu lng dng tnh ton xi l nn mng khi thit k cu vt sng theo
trng thi gii hn (TTGH) cng v TTGH s dng. Tr trng hp c ch nh khc ca Ch u
t, l thit k xi l cn phi dng l 100 nm.
L thit k khu cu - Lu lng nh v mc nc cao nht ( c tnh n nh hng ca sng hay
dng triu, v nh hng ca nc dnh khi cn thit), m ng vi n cu vt sng hay vt qua vng
ngp l c thit k m khng lm kt cu b ngp hay khng gy ngp lt qu mc cho php. Tr khi
c ch nh khc ca Ch u t, l thit k cho khu cu phi dng l 100 nm.

Tiu chun thit k cu

H cha nc - Phng tin qun l nc ma khng cho chy qua v x nht thi qua kt cu x
nc n h thng dn h lu.
Rnh nh git - Vt lm y cu kin lm nc chy trn mt nh xung.
L 500 nm - L do ma bo v/hoc triu c tn sut xy ra bng hoc vt qu 0,2% trong bt k
nm cho trc no.
Xi chung - Xi sng hoc trn bi m khng tp trung tr hoc vt cn khc trn dng chy.
mt con sng xi chung thng tc ng n ton b hoc gn ht chiu rng ca sng do s thu hp
dng chy gy ra.
Thu lc - Khoa hc lin quan n c trng v dng ca cht lng, c bit l trong ng cng
v knh, sng.
Thu vn - Khoa hc lin quan n s xut hin, phn b v tun hon ca nc trn tri t, bao gm
ma, dng chy v nc ngm.
Xi cc b - sng hoc trn bi tp trung m tr hoc vt cn khc trn dng chy.
L hn hp - Dng l do hai hoc nhiu nguyn nhn gy ra nh triu cung km theo gi bo gy
ra trn b .
L mt trm nm - L do ma v /hoc triu c kh nng xy ra bng hoc vt xc sut 1% trong
bt k nm cho trc no.
L trn - Dng l m nu vt qu s gy chy trn qua ng hoc cu, vt qua ng phn chia lu
vc hoc qua kt cu x khn cp. iu kin xi xu nht c th do l trn gy ra.
Cu x l - Khong trng trong nn ng bi sng cho dng chy bi vut qua.
Kt cu chnh tr sng - Mt kt cu no c xy dng trong dng sng hoc trn k bn hoc
gn b nn dng sng, gy bi tch, gim xi l, hoc bng mt s cch khc lm thay i dng
chy v ch bi lng dng sng.
L thot nc, ng thot nc - Thit b thot nc qua mt cu.
B rng ng ngi i - Khong khng gian trng dnh cho ngi i b.
Triu cng - Triu bin tng xy ra hai tun 1 ln khi trng trn v u tun trng.

Tiu chun thit k cu

Sng n nh - iu kin tn ti khi sng c dc lng v mt ct ngang cho php vn chuyn nc

v trm tch t lu vc thng ngun m khng c xi mn, bi tch hoc xi l b ng k.
a mo sng - Nghin cu v sng v bi ca n c xt n a hnh, hnh thi chung ca b mt t
v nhng thay i xy ra do xi l hoc bi tch.
Siu cao - nghing ca mt ng cn bng mt phn lc ly tm tc ng vo xe trn ng
cong nm.
Thu triu - Chu k nng v h ca i dng do hiu ng ca mt trng v mt tri tc ng ln tri
t quay.
Lu vc - Vng a phng nm trong ng phn thu, thng ch c mt li x; tng din tch thot
nc gy nn dng chy mt im duy nht.
ng thu - Dng nc, sng , ao, h, hoc i dng.
Khu thot nc - Chiu rng hoc khong trng ca cu giai on quy nh, thng c o
theo hng chnh ca dng chy.
2.3. Cc c trng v tr
2.3.1. V tr tuyn

2.3.1.1. Tng qut

Khi chn v tr cu phi qua phn tch cc phng n c xt v cc mt kinh t, k thut, x hi v mi
trng c lin quan cng nh xt n gi duy tu v kim tra kt cu ca n v vi tm quan trng tng
i ca cc mi lin quan trn .
Ch tho ng ti ri ro c th xy ra, cn nghin cu chn v tr cu tt :

Tho mn cc iu kin gy ra bi chng ngi cn vt;

Thun li cho vic thc hnh hiu qu cng tc thit k, thi cng, khai thc, kim tra v duy tu;

Cung cp mc mong mun v phc v vn ti v an ton; v

Gim thiu cc tc ng bt li ca ng n mi trng.

2.3.1.2. Cc im vt sng v bi sng

Phi xc nh cc im vt sng c xt n gi thnh xy dng ban u v vic ti u ho tng gi
thnh cng trnh, bao gm cc cng trnh chnh tr sng v cc bin php duy tu, bo dng cn thit
gim xi l. Nghin cu phng n cc v tr vt sng cn bao gm cc nh gi v:

Tiu chun thit k cu

Cc c trng thu vn v thu lc ca sng v vng ngp ca n, bao gm s n nh dng l lch

s, bin v chu k ca thu triu cc v tr vt sng;

nh hng ca cu i vi phn b l v nguy c xi mng cu;

kh nng gy nn nhng ri ro mi hoc lm tng nhng ri ro do l;

Nhng tc ng n mi trng trn sng v bi.

Cu v ng u cu bi sng cn c nh v v thit k c xt n cc mc ch v mc tiu qun

l bi sng gm:

Ngn nga vic s dng v pht trin khng kinh t, nhiu ri ro hoc khng tho ng i vi
vng bi sng;

Trnh nhng xm phm ln v chiu ngang cng nh chiu dc ni c th;

Gim n mc ti thiu cc tc ng bt li ca ng v gim bt cc tc ng khng trnh c

ni c th;

Ph hp vi cc yu cu ca B Nng nghip v pht trin nng thn

Bi tch v xi mn di hn

Cc cam kt c chp thun v mt bo v mi trng.

2.3.2. B tr v tr cu

2.3.2.1. Tng qut

V tr v hng tuyn ca cu cn c chn tho mn cc yu cu v an ton giao thng c trn
cu v di cu. Cn xt n cc thay i c th c trong tng lai v hng hoc chiu rng ca
ng sng, ng b hoc ng st m cu vt qua.
Ti ni thch hp cn xt trong tng lai c thm cc cng trnh cho cc loi giao thng khc hoc m
rng cu.

2.3.2.2. An ton giao thng

2.3.2.2.1. Bo v kt cu
Phi xt n s i li an ton ca xe c trn v di cu. Ri ro do xe i nhm trong khu trng cn
c gim n mc ti thiu bng cch t nhng chng ngi vi mt c ly an ton ngoi ln xe.

Tiu chun thit k cu

Ct tr hoc ca cc kt cu khc mc cu c b tr ph hp vi khi nim vng trng nh c nu

trong Tiu chun Thit k ng. ni do nhng hn ch thc t v gi thnh kt cu, loi hnh kt
cu, lu lng v tc thit k ca xe, vic b tr nhp, mt nghing v i th khng thc hin c
theo Tiu chun Thit k ng th tr v tng cn c dng lan can hoc thit b ro chn khc bo
v . Lan can hoc thit b ro chn khc, nu c, cn cho chu lc c lp, vi mt quay v pha
ng ca n phi cch xa mt m tr t nht l 600mm, nu khng th phi t ro chn cng.
Mt ca lan can hoc thit b khc phi t pha ngoi ca l ng t nht l 600mm.
2.3.2.2.2. Bo v ngi s dng
Lan can phi t dc theo mp kt cu ph hp vi nhng yu cu Phn 13.
Tt c cc kt cu bo v phi c y cc c trng b mt v s chuyn tip nh hng li mt
cch an ton cc xe i sai.
Trong trng hp cu di ng, cc bin bo nguy him, n, chung, ca, ro chn v cc thit b an
ton khc phi c t bo v ngi i b, ngi i xe p v t. Cc thit b ny phi c thit
k chng hot ng trc khi m nhp di ng v duy tr cho ti khi nhp ny c ng li hon
ton.
Nu Ch u t khng yu cu khc th cc ng ngi i b phi c bo v bng ro chn.
2.3.2.2.3. Tiu chun hnh hc
Cc yu cu ca Tiu chun Thit k ng phi c tho mn, trng hp c bit phi c chng
minh v lp h s. Chiu rng ca l ng v kch thc ca ro chn giao thng phi p ng cc yu
cu ca Ch u t.
2.3.2.2.4. Mt ng
Mt ng trn cu phi c c tnh chng trt, c sng ng, thot nc v siu cao phi ph hp
vi Tiu chun Thit k ng
2.3.2.2.5. Va tu thy
Kt cu cu phi c bo v chng lc va tu bng b chng va, p hoc bo v v /hoc phi c
thit k chu c ng lc va tu nh yu cu iu 3.14.15.

Tiu chun thit k cu

2.3.3. Tnh khng

2.3.3.1. Thng thuyn

Giy php xy dng cu qua ng thu c thng thuyn phi do Cc ng sng Vit Nam hoc
Cc Hng hi Vit nam cp. Kh gii hn thng thuyn c v chiu ng ln chiu ngang phi c
Ch u t xc lp vi s cng tc ca Cc ng sng Vit Nam hoc Cc Hng hi Vit Nam. Tr
khi c ch nh khc, kh gii hn thng thuyn phi tun theo Bng 2.3.3.1.1, ly t TCVN
5664-1992

Bng 2.3.3.1.1 - Kh gii hn thng thuyn trn cc sng c thng thuyn

Kh gii hn ti thiu trn mc nc cao c chu k 20nm (m)
Cp ng sng

Theo chiu ngang

Cu qua sng

Cu qua knh

I
II
III
IV

80
60
50
40

50
40
30
25

V
VI

25
15

20
10

Theo chiu thng ng

(trn ton chiu rng)
10
9
7
6 (thch hp)
5 (ti thiu)
3,5
2,5

2.3.3.2. Kh gii hn ng ca ng b
Kh gii hn ng ca cc kt cu ng b phi ph hp vi Tiu chun Thit k ng. Cn nghin
cu kh nng gim kh gii hn ng do ln ca kt cu cu vt. Nu ln d kin vt qu 25 mm
th cn c cng thm vo kh gii hn c quy nh.
Kh gii hn ng ca cc gi bin bo v cc cu vt cho ngi i b phi ln hn kh gii hn
kt cu ca ng 300mm, v kh gii hn ng t mt ng n thanh ging ca kt cu dn vt
qua pha trn khng c nh hn 5300mm.

2.3.3.3. Kh gii hn ngang ca ng b

Chiu rng cu khng c nh hn chiu rng ca on ng u cu bao gm c l hoc b va,
rnh nc v ng ngi i.
Kh gii hn ngang di cu cn tho mn cc yu cu ca iu 2.3.2.2.1.
Khng c vt th no trn hoc di cu, ngoi ro chn, c nh v cch mp ca ln xe
di 1200mm. Mt trong ca ro chn khng c t cch mt ca vt th hoc mp ca ln
xe di 600mm.

2.3.3.4. Cu vt ng st

Tiu chun thit k cu

Cc kt cu c thit k vt ng st phi ph hp vi kh gii hn c quy nh cc Hnh 1

v 2 v tun theo cc yu cu c bit ca Ch u t v Lin hip ng st Vit Nam (LHS).
Ghi ch: Kh gii hn di y c s dng cho tuyn thng; vi tuyn cong cu theo 22TCN - 18 - 1979 Ph lc 1

Cao nh ray

____
-------

Cho cc cng trnh vt pha trn ng st dng sc ko hi nc v izen

Cho cc cng trnh vt pha trn ng st dng sc ko in xoay chiu
S trong ngoc n dng khi c kh khn v chiu cao

Hnh 2.3.3.4-1 - Kh gii hn ng st trn ng thng trong khu gian

(ng st kh 1000mm)

Cao nh ray

___ Cho cc cng trnh vt pha trn ng st dng sc ko hi nc v izen

------ Cho cc cng trnh vt pha trn ng st dng sc ko in xoay chiu
S trong ngoc n dng khi c kh khn v chiu cao

Hnh 2.3.3.4-2 - Kh gii hn ng st trn ng thng trong khu gian

(ng st kh 1435 mm)

Tiu chun thit k cu

2.3.4. Mi trng
Tc ng ca cu v ng u cu n dn c a phng, cc di tch lch s, t trng v cc vng
nhy cm v m quan, mi trung v sinh thi u phi c xem xt. Thit k phi tun theo mi lut
l quy nh v mi trng c lin quan, phi xem xt v a mo dng sng, h qu ca xi l lng
sng, cun tri cy c gia c nn p v trong trng hp cn thit cn phi xem xt nhng tc ng
n ng lc dng triu ca sng.
2.4. Kho st mng
2.4.1. Tng qut
Vic kho st tng ph, bao gm cng tc khoan v th nghim t phi c thc hin theo cc quy
nh iu 10.4 cung cp cc thng tin thch hp v y cho thit k kt cu phn di. Loi
hnh v gi thnh mng phi c xem xt trong nghin cu kinh t v m quan v nh v v chn
phng n cu.
2.4.2. Nghin cu a hnh
Phi thit lp bn hin ti ca cu bng bn a hnh v nh. Nghin cu ny bao gm lch s v
tr trong qu trnh di chuyn ca cc khi t, xi l ca t v s un khc ca sng.
2.5. Mc ch thit k
2.5.1. An ton
Trch nhim chnh ca k s thit k l phi m bo an ton cho dn chng.
2.5.2. Kh nng khai thc

2.5.2.1. Tnh bn
2.5.2.1.1. Vt liu
H s hp ng phi i hi vt liu c cht lng v vic ch to v lp t vi tiu chun cao.
Thp kt cu phi c tnh t bo v, hoc c bo v bng h thng sn c tui th cao hoc h thng
bo v ca-tt.
Ct thp v tao cp d ng lc trong b tng vng c hi nc mn hoc cha nc mn phi c
bo v bi mt t hp ph keo -p-xy thch hp v /hoc c m in, hoc bo v ca-tt. Bn ngoi
cn c lp b tng bo h khng b r, c t trng v thnh phn ho hc ca b tng thch hp, bao
gm c bin php sn b mt b tng chng thm kh

Tiu chun thit k cu

Cc to thp d ng lc trong ng bc phi c bm va lp lng ng hoc bng cch khc

bo v chng g.
Phi c bin php bo v cc vt liu d b h hng do bc x mt tri v nhim khng kh.
Phi xt n tnh bn ca vt liu tip xc trc tip vi t v nc.
2.5.2.1.2. Cc bin php t bo v
Cn lm nhng rnh xoi nh nc lin tc mt di ca mt cu b tng v khng cch mt u
dm qu 250mm. Ni mt cu b t qung bi cc khe co gin c bt kn th mt nh m tr,
tr b gi cn lm dc t nht l 5% ra pha mp. Vi cc khe co gin kiu h, dc ny phi khng
nh hn 15%. Trng hp dng khe co gin kiu h, gi cu phi c bo v chng tip xc vi
nc mn v rc ri.
Mt ng khe co gin cn giai on v cn t thit b ni mt cu cho m thun.
Vn khun thp phi c bo v chng g theo yu cu ca Ch u t.

2.5.2.2. Kh nng kim tra

Phi lp t cc thang, li i b, li i ven, h vo c np y v cp in chiu sng nu cn, kim
tra cu khi m cc phng tin kim tra khc khng thc hin c.
Ni c th, phi lm cc li vo bn trong cc ngn ca cu kin hp vi chiu cao thng thu cao
v ti cc mt tip xc, ni c cc dch chuyn tng i, c th kim tra th cng v bng mt.

2.5.2.3. Kh nng duy tu

Cn trnh dng cc h kt cu kh duy tu. Ni m kh hu v mi trng giao thng c th nh hng
xu n mc c th phi thay mt cu trc khi ht tui th s dng ca n th phi quy nh trong h
s hp ng v vic thay mt cu hoc phi lp t thm kt cu chu lc.
Din tch xung quanh b gi v di khe co gin cn c thit k thun tin cho vic kch, lm v
sinh, sa cha v thay gi cu v khe co gin.
im kch phi c th hin trong bn v v kt cu phi c thit k chu lc kch ghi iu 3.4.3.
Cn trnh lm nhng hc v gc khng vo c. Cn phi trnh lm hoc phi lm cho chc chn cc
hc m c th dng lm ni c tr cho ngi v sc vt.

Tiu chun thit k cu

10

2.5.2.4. Kh nng thng xe thun tin

Mt cu phi c thit k cho php xe c i li m thun. Phi t bn chuyn tip gia m cu v
ng dn ln cu. Dung sai xy dng lin quan n tit din mt cu c hon thin phi c ch
r trong bn v hoc trong cc ch dn hoc cc quy nh ring.
Cn phi gim n mc ti thiu s lng khe co gin. Cc g khe co gin mt cu b tng l trn mt
ng phi c bo v chng mi mn v nt v. Bn thit k ch to trc cc khe co gin cn
quy nh rng cm ni phi c lp t nh mt khi lin.
Mt cu b tng khng c lp ph ban u cn c lp b sung dy 10mm cho php hiu chnh li
mt cu do mi mn v b li chiu dy mt i do ma st.

2.5.2.5. Cc tin ch cng cng khc

ni c yu cu cn phi lm cc gi v bo m cho cc tin ch cng cng khc c
truyn qua.

2.5.2.6. Bin dng

2.5.2.6.1. Tng qut
Cng trnh Cu phi c thit k trnh nhng hiu ng khng mong mun v kt cu hoc tm l
do bin dng gy nn. Khi cc gii hn v vng v chiu cao c la chn th tr cc bn mt
cu trc hng, bt c s thay i no so vi thc t c xem xt cn thn trc v mnh v
vng u phi c i chiu vi thit k xc nh xem c hon thin khng.
Nu dng phng php phn tch ng phi tun th cc nguyn tc v yu cu nu ra iu 4.7.
2.5.2.6.2. Tiu chun v vng
Cc tiu chun phn ny, ngoi cc quy nh cho mt cu trc hng, c xem nh l tu chn. Cc
quy nh cho mt cu trc hng c coi l bt buc.
Trong khi p dng cc tiu chun ny, ti trng xe cn bao gm lc xung kch. Nu Ch u t yu cu
kim tra vng th c th p dng cc nguyn tc sau:

Khi nghin cu vng tuyt i ln nht, tt c cc ln xe thit k phi c t ti v tt c cc

cu kin chu lc cn coi l vng ln nh nhau;

V thit k cu lin hp, mt ct ngang thit k phi bao gm ton b chiu rng ca ng v
nhng b phn lin tc v kt cu ca lan can, ng ngi i v ro chn gia;

Tiu chun thit k cu

11

Khi nghin cu chuyn v tng i ln nht, s lng v v tr ca cc ln t ti phi chn cho

hiu ng chnh lch bt li nht;

Phi dng hot ti ca t hp ti trng s dng trong bng 3.4.1.1 k c lc xung kch IM;

Hot ti phi ly theo iu 3.6.1.3.2;

Cc quy nh ca iu 3.6.1.1.2 cn c p dng; v

i vi cu cho c th dng mt ct ngang thng gc, vi cu cong v va cong va cho c th

dng mt ct ngang xuyn tm .

Trong khi thiu cc tiu chun khc, cc gi hn v vng sau y c th xem xt cho kt cu thp,
nhm v b tng.
Ti trng xe ni chung............................................................................................................L/800,
Ti trng xe v/hoc ngi i b .........................................................................................L/1000,
Ti trng xe phn hng ........................................................................................................L/300,
Ti trng xe v/hoc ngi i b phn hng........................................................................L/375.
(L- chiu di nhp)
i vi dm thp I v dm t hp cn p dng cc quy nh ca iu 6.10.5 v 6.10.10.2 v kim tra
vng thng xuyn qua kim tra ng sut bn cnh dm.
Cc quy nh sau y c dng cho mt cu bng bn trc hng:
Ti trng xe trn bn mt cu ................................................................................................. L/300,
Ti trng xe trn sn ca mt cu thp trc hng................ ...................................... ...... L/1000,
Ti trng xe trn sn ca mt cu thp trc hng ( vng tng i
ln nht gia 2 sn cnh nhau)............................................................................................ 2,5mm
2.5.2.6.3. Tiu chun la chn t l chiu di - chiu cao nhp
Nu ch u t yu cu kim tra t l chiu di - chiu cao nhp, c th xem xt dng cc gii hn
Bng 1 khi thiu cc tiu chun khc, trong S l chiu di ca bn v L l chiu di ca nhp, n v
u l mm. Nu dng, cc gii hn trong Bng 1 phi tnh cho ton chiu cao, nu khng c ghi ch.

12

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 2.5.2.6.3-1 - Chiu cao ti thiu thng thng dng cho cc kt cu

phn trn c chiu cao khng i
Chiu cao ti thiu (gm c mt cu)
Kt cu phn trn

Vt liu
B tng
ct thp

B tng
d ng
lc

Thp

Loi hnh

(khi dng cc cu kin c chiu cao thay

i th phi hiu chnh cc gi tr c tnh
n nhng thay i v cng tng i
ca cc mt ct m men dng v m)

Dm T
Dm hp
Dm kt cu cho ngi i b
Bn
Dm hp c ti ch
Dm I c sn

Dm gin n
1.2 (S + 3000)
30
0,070L
0,060L
0,035L
0,030L165mm
0,045L
0.045L

Dm lin tc
S + 3000 165 mm
30
0,065L
0,055L
0,033L
0,027L 165mm
0,04L
0,04L

Dm kt cu cho ngi i b

0,033L

0,030L

Dm hp lin k

0,030L

0,025L

Chiu cao ton b ca dm I lin hp

Chiu cao ca phn dm I ca dm I lin
hp
Gin

0,040L

0,032L

0,033L

0,027L

0,100L

0,100L

Bn c ct thp ch song song vi

phng xe chy

2.5.2.7. Xt n vic m rng cu trong tng lai

2.5.2.7.1. Dm bin trong cu nhiu dm
D khng xt n vic m rng trong tng lai th nng lc chu ti ca dm bin cng khng c
thp hn nng lc chu ti ca dm bn trong.
2.5.2.7.2. Kt cu phn di
Khi d kin s m rng cu trong tng lai th cn xem xt thit k kt cu phn di c th m
rng c.
2.5.3. Kh nng thi cng
Cu phi c thit k sao cho vic ch to v lp rp c th thc hin khng qu kh khn hoc pht
sinh s c v cc ng lc lp rp nm trong gii hn cho php.

Tiu chun thit k cu

13

Khi phng php thi cng ca cu khng r rng hoc c th gy nn ng sut lp rp khng chp nhn
c th t nht phi c mt phng php kh thi c nu trong h s hp ng. Nu thit k i hi
phi c mt s thanh tng cng tm v hoc tr khi lp rp theo phng php c chn th cc ch
dn v yu cu ny phi c ghi trong h s hp ng.
Cn trnh cc chi tit hn nhng ch hp hoc phi b tng qua nhng khe ct thp dy c.
Cn xt n cc iu kin kh hu v thu lc c th nh hng n vic xy dng.
2.5.4. Tnh Kinh t

2.5.4.1. Tng qut

Loi hnh kt cu, chiu di nhp v vt liu phi c la chn c xt y n gi thnh d n. Cn
xt n chi ph tng lai trong tui th thit k ca cu. Cc nhn t a phng nh vt liu ti ch,
ch to, v tr ca cc tr ngi trong vn chuyn v lp rp cng phi c xem xt.

2.5.4.2. Phng n so snh

Trong trng hp c bit khi cc nghin cu v kinh t khng a ra c s la chn r rng, Ch u
t c th yu cu chun b cc phng n so snh v u thu cnh tranh. Thit k ca cc phng n
so snh phi c cng an ton, tnh s dng c v gi tr thm m.
Cu di ng qua ng thu c thng thuyn cn trnh khng nh ngay l kh thi b sung. Ni c kin
ngh lm cu di ng th t nht cng phi a vo mt phng n cu c nh trong so snh kinh t.
2.5.5. M quan cu
Cng trnh Cu phi c b sung v p cho cnh quan xung quanh, c hnh dng p v to dng
kho khon.
Ngi k s cn tm chn dng p cho kt cu bng cch ci thin bn thn hnh dng v quan h gia
cc cu kin. Cn trnh p dng cch lm p khng bnh thng v phi kt cu.
Cn xem xt cc ch dn sau y:

Cc phng n thit k khng c tr hoc t tr hn cn c nghin cu trong giai on chn a

im, v tr v nghin cu chi tit hn trong giai on thit k s b.

Hnh dng tr phi ph hp vi hnh dng v chi tit ca kt cu phn trn.

Tiu chun thit k cu

14

Cn trnh nhng thay i t ngt v hnh dng cu kin v loi hnh cu kin. Khi khng th trnh
c ranh gii gia cc loi hnh kt cu khc nhau cn to dng chuyn tip hi ho gia chng.

Khng c b qua m cn ch ti cc chi tit nh ng thot nc mt cu.

Nu buc phi dng kt cu chy di do yu cu k thut hoc l do kinh t, phi chn h kt cu

c b ngoi thng thong v khng ri rm.

ni no c th, cn trnh dng kt cu cu lm vt gn cc bng thng tin, bin ch dn ng

hoc chiu sng.

Cc thanh ngang tng cng bn bng khng c l chnh din tr cc thanh gn gi.

vt khe ni su, cn u tin la chn kt cu dng vm.

2.6. Thu vn v thu lc

2.6.1. Tng qut
Cc nghin cu v thu vn v thu lc v nhng nh gi v v tr vt sng phi c hon thnh nh
mt phn ca thit k s b. Chi tit ca cc nghin cu ny cn tng xng vi tm quan trng v
nhng ri ro lin quan ca kt cu.
Cc kt cu tm cho Nh thu dng hoc phc v giao thng trong qu trnh xy dng phi c thit
k c xt n an ton ca ngi qua li v cc ch s hu lin i, cng nh l gim thiu tc ng ln
ti nguyn thin nhin trong vng ngp l. Ch u t c th cho php sa li cc yu cu thit k ph
hp vi thi gian phc v nh v ri ro v l ca kt cu tm. H s hp ng v kt cu ph phi
m t trch nhim v cc ri ro tng ng c tha nhn bi C quan ng b v Nh thu.
Khi nh gi cc phng n cu phi xt n n nh dng chy, nc dnh, phn b dng chy, tc
chy, kh nng xi l, ri ro do l, ng lc triu ( ni c) .
2.6.2. S liu hin trng
K hoch thu thp s liu c th hin trng phi bao gm xem xt v:

Thu thp s liu kho st hng khng v mt t vi c ly thch hp thng lu v h lu cu

cho dng ch v bi sng;

c tnh cc yu t v nhm ca dng ch v bi sng trong phm vi b ngp c nghin cu;

Tiu chun thit k cu

15

Ly mu vt liu di y sng su xc nh chc chn cc c trng ca vt liu dng

cho tnh xi;

Khoan tng ph;

Cc yu t nh hng n cc mc nc , bao gm mc nc cao t sng, h cha , u tu, cc kt

cu khng ch l v triu v cc bin php khai thc;

Cc nghin cu v bo co hin c ;

Thng tin lch s sn c v c tnh cu sng v s lm vic ca kt cu trong cc t l trc kia,

bao gm xi l quan st c, xi l b v h hi v kt cu do vt tri;

Nhng thay i v a mo dng sng.

2.6.3. Phn tch thu vn

Ch u t phi xc nh quy m ca cc nghin cu thu vn da trn vic phn loi ng b theo
chc nng, lut l hin hnh v tai ho l lt ti hin trng.
Cc l sau y cn c iu tra nghin cu tho ng trong nghin cu thu vn:

Nhm m bo tho mn cc tnh nng thu lc ca cng trnh cu l mt b phn ca tuyn

ng, m bo tm quan trng ca cu trn tuyn, cng nh nh gi s nguy him ca l v
tho mn cc yu cu trong qun l vng ngp nc l thit k khu cu (xt l 100 nm tr khi
c ch nh khc ca Ch u t).

Nhm nh gi s ri ro cho nhng ngi s dng ng b v nh gi h hi cho cu v ng

vo cu- L thit k xi cu ( xt l 100 nm, tr khi c ch nh khc ca Ch u t).

Nhm iu tra nghin cu tnh thch hp ca nn mng cu trong vic chng xi l-L kim tra xi
cu (xt l 500 nm tr khi c ch nh khc ca Ch u t).

nh chun cc mc nc v nh gi tnh nng ca cc cng trnh hin c - Cc l lch s.

nh gi cc iu kin mi trng- Cc thng tin v lu lng dng chy c bn hoc dng chy
lu lng thp v cc cng trnh i qua ca sng, bin triu cng.

i vi cc cng trnh vt qua cc ngun ti nguyn bin/ ca sng, phi iu tra nghin cu nh
hng n bin triu ca s dng cao mc nc bin .
2.6.4. Phn tch thu lc

2.6.4.1. Tng qut

Ngi k s phi dng cc m hnh phn tch v cc k thut c Ch u t duyt v ph hp vi
mc yu cu ca phn tch.

Tiu chun thit k cu

16

2.6.4.2. n nh ca dng chy

Phi nghin cu nh gi s n nh ca dng chy v xc nh tc ng ca cng trnh ln dng
chy. Cc hng mc sau y phi c xem xt:

Khc sng ang xi, ang bi hay trng thi cn bng;

i vi im vt sng gn ng ba sng cn xt: hiu ng ca dng ch v dng ph trong cc

qu trnh l, tc , phn b dng, chuyn dch ng v ngang ca dng v hiu ng ca cc iu
kin ni trn i vi thit k thu lc cu;

V tr ca im vt sng c triu cn xt n dng sng c thng, un khc, quanh co hoc

chuyn tip khng, hoc c thit b kim tra bo v cu trong iu kin hin ti hoc lng trc
trong tng lai khng;

Hiu ng ca bt k nhng thay i dng d kin;

Hiu ng ca vic khai thc ct v cc hot ng khc trn dng sng;

Nhng thay i tim tng v tc v lu lng nc do nhng thay i v s dng t;

Hiu ng ca nhng thay i v phn b dng theo a mo t nhin ln kt cu kin ngh; v

Hiu ng ca nhng thay i a mo ln cng trnh hin c vng ph cn v gy ra bi kt cu

d kin.

i vi iu kin sng hoc dng khng n nh phi tin hnh nhng nghin cu c bit xc nh
nhng thay i c th trong tng lai v mt bng v mt ct sng v xc nh cc bin php khc phc
lin quan trong thit k hoc trong tng lai v s an ton ca cu v ng u cu.

2.6.4.3. Khu cu
Qu trnh thit k xc nh khu cu phi bao gm:

nh gi s phn b ca l dng ch v bi sng cho iu kin hin ti,

nh gi cc t hp th ca mt ct ng, hng tuyn v chiu di cn p ng vi cc mc tiu

thit k.

Khi dng cc nghin cu v l hin c th phi xc nh chnh xc ca chng .

Phi thit k kch thc cu ph hp vi l thit k khu cu ng vi l 100 nm, tr khi c Ch
u t ch nh khc. C th chn chu k ti xut hin t hn 100 nm nu c lun c kinh t (nh l 50
nm hoc 25 nm cho cc cu trn ng cp 2 hoc cp thp hn tham kho Bng 10.5.1 trong Tiu
chun thit k ng).

Tiu chun thit k cu

17

Kh gii hn ti thiu theo chiu thng ng ca kt cu trn mc nc tng ng vi l thit k khu

phi ly nh sau:

n mt di y ca kt cu phn trn:

Trong trng hp dng l c mang theo s lng ln cc vt tri hay bn : ............................. 1,0m
Cc trng hp khc :..................................................................................................................

0,5m

n tm k gi: ...................................................................................................................... 0,25m

n cao ca mi cng trnh iu tit dng sng:................................................................. 0,5m

2.6.4.4. Mng cu
2.6.4.4.1. Tng qut
Nhng vn v kt cu, thu lc v a k thut ca thit k mng phi c phi hp v phn bit
gii quyt trc khi duyt thit k s b.
2.6.4.4.2. Xi l cu
Nh cc yu cu iu 3.7.5, xi mng cu c nghin cu cho 2 iu kin:

L thit k xi: Vt liu y sng trong lng th xi pha trn ng xi chung c gi nh l

c chuyn i trong cc iu kin thit k. L thit k do ma km triu dng hoc l hn hp
thng nghim trng hn l l 100 nm hoc l trn vi chu k ti xut hin nh hn. Cc trng
thi gii hn cng v trng thI gii s dng phi p dng cho iu kin ny.

L kim tra xi: n nh mng cu phi c nghin cu i vi cc iu kin xi gy ra do l

dng t xut v bo ma km triu dng, hoc l hn hp khng vt qu l 500 nm hoc l trn
vi chu k ti xut hin nh hn. D tr vt qu yu cu v n nh trong iu kin ny l khng
cn thit. Phi p dng trng thi gii hn c bit cho iu kin ny.

Nu iu kin ti ch do tch rc v dnh nc gn ni hp lu i hi phi dng l s c ln hn

thay cho l thit k xi hoc l kim tra xi th ngi thit k c th dng l s c .
Mng m rng t trn nn t hoc d xi th y ca n cn t di su xi do l kim tra
xi gy nn. Mng m rng t trn nn khng b xi phi c thit k v thi cng m bo tnh
ton vn ca khi chu lc.

Tiu chun thit k cu

18

B mng nn c thit k vi nh b thp hn mc xi chung tnh ton gim thiu tr ngi cho
dng l v dn n xi cc b. Ngay c su thp hn cng cn c xt cho b mng t trn cc
m cc cc c th b ph hoi do xi v g v ph ra trc dng chy.
Ti nhng ni buc phi b tr nh b cc cao hn y sng cn ch n xi tim tng trong
thit k.
Khi dng tr chng va hoc h thng bo v tr khc th trong thit k cn xt n hiu ng ln xi tr
cu v s tch rc.
n nh ca m trong vng c dng chy xoy cn c nghin cu k v mi dc nn p nh ra
phi c bo v vi cc bin php chng xi ph hp.

2.6.4.5. ng u cu
Thit k cu cn phi hp vi thit k ng hai u cu bi sng sao cho ton b m hnh dng chy
c pht trin v phn tch nh mt thc th thng nht v lin quan ln nhau.
Ni nn ng trn bi sng cn tr l vt qua th on ny cn c thit k gim thiu cc ri ro
ca l.
ni xy ra s chy chch sang mt dng khc do nc chy ngc v chng ngi trn dng chy
gy ra, phi tin hnh nh gi li thit k m bo cc yu cu php l i vi ri ro do l dng
nc khc ny.
2.6.5. V tr, chiu di v khu cng
Ngoi cc quy nh ca iu 2.6.3 v 2.6.4 , cn xem xt:cc iu kin sau y:

C v mung th qua li;

Hiu ng ca tc cao ca ra v dng tp trung i vi ca ra, lng h lu v ti sn lin quan;

Hiu ng ni ca vo;

An ton giao thng;

Hiu ng ca nc dnh ngc, c th gy ra bi cc cng trnh chnh tr sng pha h lu hoc

thu triu lc c bo.

2.6.6. Thot nc mt

2.6.6.1. Tng qut

Mt cu v ng u cu cn phi c thit k m bo thot nc mt an ton v hu hiu sao
cho t h hi nht i vi cu v an ton ti a cho xe c i li. Mt cu, bao gm mt ng, ng xe
p v ng ngi i b phi c lm c dc ngang hoc siu cao thot nc tt theo hng

Tiu chun thit k cu

19

ngang. Vi cc cu rng mi hng c trn 3 ln xe c th phi thit k c bit cho thot nc mt cu

v/hoc c th phi dng mt ng nhm c bit gim kh nng xe b quay trt do mt ma st.
Nc chy xung rnh ng cn c chn li khng cho chy vo cu. Rnh thot nc u cu
cn phi c kh nng thot ton b nc c gom li.
Trong nhng trng hp rt nhy cm v mi trng m khng th x nc trc tip t mt cuxung
sng pha di cn xt n giI php dn nc theo ng ng thot nc dc gn pha di kt cu
nhp cu v x vo ni ph hp trn mt t t nhin u cu.

2.6.6.2. Lng ma thit k

Lng ma thit k cho thot nc mt cu khng c nh hn lng ma thit k cho thot nc mt
ng u cu, tr khi Ch u t c quy nh khc.

2.6.6.3. Loi hnh, kch thc v s lng ng thot nc

S lng ng thot nc cn gi mc ti thiu ph hp vi cc yu cu thu lc.
Khi thiu cc ch dn thc hnh khc, i vi cu m tc xe thit k trn ng nh hn 75km/gi
th kch thc v s lng ng thot nc cn m bo nc khng ngp qua mt na chiu rng ca
bt k ln xe no. i vi cu m tc xe thit k trn ng khng nh hn 75km/gi cn m bo
nc khng ngp bt k b phn no ca ln xe. Rnh cn c chn li ch thay i dc trnh
nc chy qua mt cu. Din tch mt ct ngang ti thiu ca ng thot nc phi ly l 1cm2 trn 1m2
mt cu. C ly ti a gia cc ng thot nc dc cu khng c vt qu 15m.
L thot nc hoc h thu nc ca mt cu phi thot nc v d lm sch. Kch thc bn
trong ti thiu ca ng thot nc thng thng khng c t hn 100mm

2.6.6.4. X nc t ng thot nc mt cu
ng thot nc mt cu phi c thit k v lp t sao cho nc t mt cu hoc mt ng c dn
ra xa khi cc cu kin ca kt cu phn trn v kt cu phn di.
Nu Ch u t khng c i hi c bit kim tra nc thot ra t ng thot nc v ng ng th
cn xt n:

t nht ng phi nh ra khi cu kin thp nht ca kt cu phn trn l 100mm,

t ng thot nc c ming loe 450 x nc khng ri vo cu kin cu,

Tiu chun thit k cu

20

ch c th v c php c th th cho nc chy t do hoc qua ca thot nc trn ng

ngi i;

Dng cc ct ni c gc khng ln hn 450; v

Dng cc ng thng.

Nc chy t mt cu cn c b tr ph hp vi cc i hi v mi trng v an ton giao thng.

2.6.6.5. Thot nc kt cu
Cc h thu nc trong kt cu ni cn c phi t im thp nht. Mt cu v mt ng cn thit
k trnh ng nc nht l nhng khe ni mt cu. i vi mt cu c mt khng nguyn khi hoc
c vn khun li cn xt thot phn nc c th ng mt tip gip.

Tiu chun thit k cu

Phn 3 - Ti trng v h s ti trng

3.1. Phm vi
Trong phn ny quy nh nhng yu cu ti thiu i vi ti trng v lc, phm vi p dng ca
chng, cc h s ti trng v t hp ti trng dng trong thit k cc cu mi. Nhng quy nh v
ti trng cng c dng trong nh gi kt cu cc cu ang khai thc.
ch no c nhiu mc lm vic khc nhau, vic la chn mc lm vic thit k l trch
nhim ca Ch u t.
Mt h s ti trng ti thiu c quy nh xc nh cc ng lc c th pht sinh trong qu
trnh thi cng. Cc yu cu b sung cho vic xy dng cc cu b tng thi cng phn on c
quy nh trong iu 5.14.2.
3.2. Cc nh ngha
p lc t ch ng - p lc ngang gy ra do t c kt cu hay b phn kt cu chn li. p lc
ny c xu hng lm chuyn dch kt cu chn ri khi khi t.
Lng th t ch ng - Lng th t c xu hng chuyn dch nu khng c kt cu hay b
phn kt cu chn gi li.
Dao ng kh ng n hi - Phn ng n hi theo chu k ca kt cu di tc ng ca gi.
n v trc xe - Trc n hay trc i (tandem) ca xe
H o - Cng trnh bng t dng nh hng li hoc lm chm li s va x ca xe c hoc
tu thuyn v n nh t p, nn ng hoc t yu v cc ta luy o.
Lc ly tm - Lc ngang do xe chuyn hng di ng trn ng cong.
Ln xe thit k - Ln xe quy c t theo chiu ngang trn b rng phn xe chy.
Chiu su nc thit k - Chiu su ca nc mc nc cao trung bnh.
Bin hnh - Thay i hnh hc ca kt cu.
- Vt th phng h, c th c h thng chn ring, thng c mt trn v c lp v kt cu
vi cu.
Lc xung kch - Phn tng thm lc tnh xt n tng tc ng gia cu v xe c i li.

Tiu chun thit k cu

Cht lng tng ng - L mt cht quy c c t trng c th gy ra cng p lc nh t c

thay th tnh ton.
Phn l ra - iu kin trong c mt b phn ca kt cu phn di hay phn trn ca cu c
th b va chm bi bt k b phn no ca mi tu, ca bin hay ct tu.
Cc hn - Ti a hay ti thiu.
Vt chn chng va - Kt cu phng h cng c lin kt vo b phn kt cu c bo v hoc
dn lung hoc chuyn hng cc tu b chch hng.
Tng th - Ph hp vi ton b kt cu phn trn hay ton b cu.
Ti trng thng xuyn - Ti trng v lc khng i hoc gi thit khng i sau khi hon thnh
vic xy dng.
Mt nh hng - Mt b mt lin tc hay ri rc c v ng vi cao mt cu trong m hnh
tnh ton m gi tr ti mt im ca n nhn vi ti trng tc dng thng gc vi mt cu ti im
s c ng lc.
Quy tc n by - Ly tng m men i vi mt im tm phn lc ti im th hai.
Ho lng - S mt cng chu ct trong t bo ho do vt qua p lc thu tnh. Trong t ri
bo ho, s mt cng ny c th do ti trng tc thi hoc chu k, c bit trong ct nh n
ct va ri rc ht ng nht.
Ti trng - Hiu ng ca gia tc bao gm gia tc trng trng, bin dng cng bc hay thay i
th tch.
Cc b - Tnh cht c lin quan vi mt cu kin hoc cm lp rp ca cu kin.
Tn (Megagram (Mg) - 1000 kg (mt n v khi lng).
Dng thc dao ng - Mt dng ca bin dng ng ng vi mt tn sut dao ng.
ng thu thng thng - Mt ng thu c xp hng thng thng bi Cc ng sng
Vit Nam hoc Cc Hng hi Vit Nam.
Ti trng danh nh - Mc ti trng thit k c la chn theo quy c.
t c kt thng thng - t di p lc t ph ln hn p lc t tng hin din trong qu
kh ch ang xt.
t qu c kt - t di p lc t ph hin nay m nh hn p lc t ph tng c trong
qu kh.
T l qu c kt - OCR =

p lc c kt ln nht
p lc dt ph

p lc t b ng - p lc ngang do t chng li chuyn v ngang v pha khi t ca kt cu

hoc b phn kt cu.
Xe c php - Xe bt k c php i l xe b hn ch mt cch no v trng lng hoc v
kch thc ca chng.

Tiu chun thit k cu

Ch s tin cy - S nh ga bng s lng v mt an ton nh l t s ca chnh lch gia sc

khng bnh qun v ng lc bnh qun vi lch- Tiu chun t hp ca sc khng v ng lc.
B rng lng ng, B rng phn xe chy - Khong cch tnh gia ro chn v/ hoc va.
Nhit lp t - Nhit trung bnh ca kt cu dng xc nh kch thc ca kt cu khi
lp thm mt cu kin hoc khi lp t.
Ro chn lin tc v kt cu - Ro chn hoc bt k b phn no ca n ch ngt khe ch ni
mt cu.
Kt cu phn di - B phn kt cu cu kt cu nhp bn trn.
Kt cu phn trn - B phn kt cu cu vt nhp (kt cu nhp).
Ti trng cht thm - Ti trng c dng m hnh ho trng lng t p hoc cc ti trng
khc tc dng trn nh ca vt liu chn gi.
Xe ti trc - Xe c hai trc t st nhau, thng c lin kt vi mt khung gm xe phn b
ti trng u nhau.
Gc ma st tng - Gc c arctg th hin ma st biu kin gia tng v khi t.
Bnh xe - Mt hoc hai bnh lp u mt trc xe.
Dy bnh xe - Mt nhm bnh xe c xp theo chiu ngang hoc chiu dc.
3.3. K hiu
3.3.1. Tng qut
A
At
Av
aB
as
BR
b
C
CD
CH
CL
Cd
Cn
Csm
c
B

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

h s gia tc ng t (3.10.2)
din tch ca kt cu hoc cu kin tnh p lc gi ngang (m3) (3.8.1.2.1)
din tch mt ca mt cu hoc cu kin tnh p lc gi thng ng (m2) (3.8.2)
chiu di h hng mi s lan ch hng tiu chun (mm) (3.14.8)
chiu rng h hng ca mi tu (mm) (3.14.6)
lc hm xe
h s lc hm; Tng chiu rng cu (mm) (3.3.2) (3.8.1.2.1)
h s dng tnh lc ly tm (3.6.3)
h s cn (S2N/mm4 (3.7.3.1)
h s thu ng hc khi lng (3.14.4)
h s cn ngang (3.7.3.2)
h s cn (S2N/mm4) (3.8.1.2.1)
h s vt mi tnh Fb (3.9.2.2)
h s p ng ng t n hi cho dng thc dao ng th m (3.10.6.1)
dnh kt n v (MPa) (3.11.5.4).

Tiu chun thit k cu

DE =
DWT =
d
=
g
=
H
=
HL =
h
=
heq =
IM =
KE =
k
=
ka
=
=
kh
k0
=
=
kp
=
ks
LOA =
M
=
m
=
OCR =
P
=
Pa
=
PB
PBH
PD
PDH
Ph

=
=
=
=
=

PMT
PN
Pp
PS
Pv

=
=
=
=
=

Q
q
qs
R

=
=
=
=

RBH =
RDH =
S
=
Tm
t
V

=
=
=

chiu dy ti thiu ca lp t ph (mm) (3.6.2.2)

kch c tu da trn tn trng ti (Mg) (3.14.2).
chiu cao kt cu phn trn (mm) (3.8.1.2.1)
gia tc trng trng (m/s2) (3.6.3)
chiu cao cui cng ca tng chn (mm) (3.11.5.1)
chiu cao ca khi u s lan ti mi ca n (mm) (3.14.11.1)
chiu cao danh nh ca s p lc t (mm) (3.11.5.7)
chiu cao tng ng ca t do ti trng xe (mm) (3.11.6.2)
lc xung kch (3.6.1.2.5)
nng lng va tu thit k (joule) (3.14.4)
h s p lc t (3.11.6.2)
h s p lc t ngang ch ng (3.11.5.1)
h s p lc t ngang (3.11.5.1)
h s p lc t ngang trng thi ngh (3.11.5.1)
h s p lc b ng (3.11.5.4)
h s p lc t do hot ti (3.11.6.1)
tng chiu di ca tu hoc s lan lai bao gm tu y hoc ko (mm) (3.14.2)
khi lng ca tu (Mg) (3.14.4)
h s ln (3.6.1.1.2)
t s qu c kt (3.11.5.2)
ti trng bnh xe tp trung (N); ti trng (N) (3.6.1.2.5) (3.11.6.1)
p lc t biu kin (MPa); hp lc trn n v b rng tng (N/mm)
(3.11.5.6) (3.11.5.7)
lc va s lan do m u vo nhau gia mi s lan v vt cng (N) (3.14.8)
lc va tu gia mi tu v kt cu phn trn cng (N) (3.14.7.1)
ti trng gi ngang (KN) (3.8.2.1)
lc va tu gia ca bin tu v kt cu phn trn cng (N) (3.14.7.2).
thnh phn nm ngang ca lc trn n v chiu di tng do p lc
t (N/mm) (3.11.5.5)
lc va tu gia ct tu v kt cu phn trn cng (N) (3.14.7)
thnh phn thng ng ca p lc gi (MPa) (3.8.1.4)
p lc t b ng (MPa) (3.11.5.4)
lc va tu do m u vo nhau gia mi tu v vt cng (N) (3.14.5)
lc gi thng ng (KN); thnh phn thng ng ca lc trn n v
chiu di tng do p lc t (N/mm) (3.8.2) (3.11.5.5)
p lc dng chy (MPa); p lc t c bn (MPa) phn ca xe ti trong
ln n; cng ti trng(MPa)(3.7.3.1)(3.11.5.1)(3.6.1.4.2)(3.11.6.1)
cng ti trng (N/mm) (3.11.6.1)
ti trng ni chung (3.4.1)
hot ti tc dng ln nht (MPa)(3.11.6.1)
bn knh cong (mm); bn knh ca tr trn (mm); h s iu chnh p ng
ng t, c ly tia t im t ti ti mt im trn tng (3.6.3) (3.9.5)
(3.10.7.1) (3.11.6.1).
t s ca chiu cao kt cu phn trn l ra trn tng chiu cao mi tu (3.14.7.1)
h s chit gim lc va ca bin tu (3.14.7.2)
h s iu chnh i vi a hnh v chiu cao mt cu; h s lin quan
n iu kin ti ch xc nh ti trng ng t (3.8.1.1) (3.5.10)
chu k dao ng hng th m(s) (3.10.6.1)
chiu dy bn mt cu (mm) (3.12.3)
vn tc nc thit k (m/s); vn tc gi thit k (m/s); tc va tu thit
k (m/s) (3.7.3.1)(3.8.1.1)(3.14.3)

Tiu chun thit k cu

VB
v
w
X
X1
X2
Z

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

=
=

B
=

=
s
=
EQ =
eq
=
1
=
p
=
SE =
TG =
p
=
ph =

=
=

=
=
=
=

vn tc gi c bn (m/s) (3.8.1.1)
tc thit k ng t (m/s)(3.6.3)
chiu rng tnh ca lng ng (mm)(3.6.1.1.1)
c ly ngang t lng tng n im t lc(mm)(3.11.6.1)
c ly t lng tng n im u ca tuyn ti trng (3.11.6.1)
chiu di hot ti (mm) (3.11.6.1)
chiu cao di mt t (mm); chiu cao t mt t n mt im trn tng ang xem xt (mm);
c ly thng ng t im t lc ti cao im trn tng ang xem xt (mm) (3.11.5.4)(3.11.6.1)
chiu su di mt t p (mm)(3.11.5.1)
gc gia tng mng v ng ni im ang xem xt trn tng v im
gc y b xa tng nht ( rad) (3.11.6.1)
mi dc tng trng ca t lp () (3.11.5.7)
ch s an ton; dc ca mt t lp pha sau tng chn () (3.4.1)(3.11.5.3)
t trng ca vt liu ( kg/m3); t trng ca t (kg/m3) (3.5.1)(3.11.5.1)
t trng hu hiu ca t (kg/m3)(3.11.5.6)
h s ti trng i vi hot ti tc dng ng thi vi ti trng ng t (3.4.1)
t trng tng ng cht lng (kg/m3)(3.11.5.5)
h s ti trng (3.4.1)
h s ti trng cho ti trng thng xuyn (3.4.1)
h s ti trng cho ln (3.4.1)
h s ti trng cho gradien nhit (3.4.1)
p lc t ngang khng i do hot ti ri u (MPa)(3.11.6.1)
phn b p lc ngang (MPa) (3.11.6.1)
gc ma st gia t lp v tng (); gc gia tng mng v ng ni
im ang xem xt trn tng v im gc y b gn tng nht (rad) (3.11.5.3) (3.11.6.1)
iu chnh ti trng quy nh trong iu 1.3.2 (3.4.1)
gc ca hng gi (); gc ca t lp tng so vi trc ng (); gc
gia hng dng chy vi trc dc ca tr ()(3.8.1.4)(3.11.5.3)(3.7.3.2)
h s Poisson (DIM) (3.11.6.1)(3.11.5.3)
h s sc khng (3.4.1)
gc ma st ni ca t thot nc ()(3.11.5.2)
gc ma st ni c hiu() (3.11.5.3)

3.3.2. Ti trng v tn ti trng

Cc ti trng v lc thng xuyn v nht thi sau y phi c xem xt n:
Ti trng thng xuyn
DD = ti trng ko xung (xt hin tng ma st m)
DC = ti trng bn thn ca cc b phn kt cu v thit b ph phi kt cu
DW = ti trng bn thn ca lp ph mt v cc tin ch cng cng
EH = ti trng p lc t nm ngang
EL = cc hiu ng b hm tch lu do phng php thi cng.
ES = ti trng t cht thm
EV = p lc thng ng do t trng t p.

Ti trng nht thi

Tiu chun thit k cu

BR
CE
CR
CT
CV
EQ
FR
IM
LL
LS
PL
SE
SH
TG
TU
WA
WL
WS

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

lc hm xe
lc ly tm
t bin
lc va xe
lc va tu
ng t
ma st
lc xung kch (lc ng ) ca xe
hot ti xe
hot ti cht thm
ti trng ngi i
ln
co ngt
gradien nhit
nhit u
ti trng nc v p lc dng chy
gi trn hot ti
ti trng gi trn kt cu

3.4. Cc h s v t hp ti trng
3.4.1. H s ti trng v t hp ti trng
Tng ng lc tnh ton phi c ly nh sau:

Q = i i Q i

(3.4.1-1)

trong :
i

h s iu chnh ti trng ly theo iu 1.3.2

Qi

ti trng quy nh y

h s ti trng ly theo Bng 1 v 2

Cc cu kin v cc lin kt ca cu phi tho mn phng trnh 1.3.2.1.1 cho cc t hp thch hp ca

ng lc cc hn tnh ton c quy nh cho tng trng thi gii hn sau y:

Trng thi gii hn cng i: T hp ti trng c bn lin quan n vic s dng cho
xe tiu chun ca cu khng xt n gi

Trng thi gii hn cng ii: T hp ti trng lin quan n cu chu gi vi vn tc

vt qu 25m/s

Trng thi gii hn cng iii: T hp ti trng lin quan n vic s dng xe tiu
chun ca cu vi gi c vn tc 25m/s

Trng thi gii hn c bit: T hp ti trng lin quan n ng t, lc va ca tu

thuyn v xe c, v n mt s hin tng thu lc vi hot ti chit gim khc vi khi l mt
phn ca ti trng xe va x, CT.

Trng thi gii hn s dng: T hp ti trng lin quan n khai thc bnh thng ca
cu vi gi c vn tc 25m/s vi tt c ti trng ly theo gi tr danh nh. Dng kim tra
vng, b rng vt nt trong kt cu b tng ct thp v b tng ct thp d ng lc, s chy do ca
kt cu thp v trt ca cc lin kt c nguy c trt do tc dng ca hot ti xe. T hp trng ti
ny cng cn c dng kho st n nh mi dc.

Tiu chun thit k cu

Trng thi gii hn mi: T hp ti trng gy mi v t gy lin quan n hot ti xe c

trng phc v xung kch di tc dng ca mt xe ti n chic c c ly trc c quy nh trong
iu 3.6.1.4.1.

H s ti trng cho cc ti trng khc nhau bao gm trong mt t hp ti trng thit k c ly nh

quy nh trong Bng 1. Mi tp hp con tho ng ca cc t hp ti trng phi c nghin cu. C
th nghin cu thm cc t hp ti trng khc khi ch u t yu cu hoc ngi thit k xt thy cn
thit. i vi mi t hp ti trng, mi ti trng c a vo tnh ton v c lin quan n cu kin
c thit k bao gm c cc hiu ng ng k do tc dng ca xon, phi c nhn vi h s ti
trng tng ng vi h s ln ly theo iu 3.6.11.2 nu c th p dng. Kt qu c tng hp theo
phng trnh 1.3.2.1-1 v nhn vi h s iu chnh ti trng ly theo iu 1.3.2.
Cc h s phi chn sao cho gy ra tng ng lc tnh ton cc hn. i vi mi t hp ti trng c
tr s cc hn m ln tr s cc hn dng u phi c xem xt.
Trong t hp ti trng nu tc dng ca mt ti trng lm gim tc dng ca mt ti trng khc th phi
ly gi tr nh nht ca ti trng lm gim gi tr ti trng kia. i vi tc ng ca ti trng thng
xuyn th h s ti trng gy ra t hp bt li hn phi c la chn theo Bng 2. Khi ti trng thng
xuyn lm tng s n nh hoc tng nng lc chu ti ca mt cu kin hoc ca ton cu th tr s ti
thiu ca h s ti trng i vi ti trng thng xuyn ny cng phi c xem xt.
Tr s ln hn ca hai tr s quy nh cho h s ti trng TU, CR, SH s c dng tnh bin
dng, cn tr s nh hn dng cho cc tc ng khc.
Khi nh gi n nh tng th ca mi t c mng hoc khng c mng u cn kho st trng
thi gii hn s dng da trn t hp ti trng s dng v mt h s sc khng ph hp. Nu
khng c cc thng tin tt hn th h s sc khng c th ly nh sau:

Khi cc thng s a k thut c xc nh tt v mi dc khng chng hoc khng cha

cu kin ..................................................................................................................................0,85

Khi cc thng s a k thut da trn thng tin cha y hay cha chnh xc hoc mi dc
c cha hoc chng mt cu kin ....................................................................................0,65.

i vi cc kt cu hp dng bn ph hp vi cc quy nh ca iu 12.9, h s hot ti i vi hot

ti xe LL v IM ly bng 2,0.

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 3.4.1-1- T hp v h s ti trng

T hp ti
trng

Trng thi
gii hn
Cng I
Cng II
Cng III
c bit
S dng
Mi ch c LL,
IM & CE

n
n
n
n
1.0

LL
IM
CE
BR
PL
LS
EL
1,75
1,35
0,50
1,00

1,00
1,00
1,00
1,00
1,00

1,40
0.4
0,30

1,00
1,00

0,75

DC
DD
DW
EH
EV
ES

Cng mt lc ch
dng mt trong cc
ti trng
WA

WS

WL

TU
CR
SH

TG

1,00
1,00
1,00
1,00
1,00

0,5/1.20
0,5/1.20
0,5/1.20
1,0/1,20

TG
TG
TG
TG

FR

SE
eq

ct

cv

SE
SE
SE
SE

1,00
-

1,00
-

1,00
-

Ghi ch bng 3.4.1-1:

1. Khi phi kim tra cu dng cho xe c bit do Ch u t quy nh hoc xe c giy php thng
qua cu th h s ti trng ca hot ti trong t hp cng I c th gim xung

cn

1,35.
2. Cc cu c t l tnh ti trn hot ti rt cao (tc l cu nhp ln) cn kim tra t hp khng c
hot ti, nhng vi h s ti trng bng 1,50 cho tt c cc kin chu ti trng thng xuyn.
3. i vi cu vt sng cc trng thi gii hn cng v trng thi s dng phi xt n
hu qu ca nhng thay i v mng do l thit k xi cu.
4. i vi cc cu vt sng, khi kim tra cc hiu ng ti EQ, CT v CV trng thi gii hn
c bit th ti trng nc (WA) v chiu su xi c th da trn l trung bnh hng nm. Tuy
nhin kt cu phi c kim tra v v nhng hu qu do cc thay i do l, phi kim tra xi
nhng trng thi gii hn c bit vi ti trng nc tng ng (WA) nhng khng c cc ti
trng EQ, CT hoc CV tc dng.
5. kim tra chiu rng vt nt trong kt cu b tng ct thp d ng lc trng thi gii hn
s dng, c th gim h s ti trng ca hot ti xung 0,08.
6. kim tra kt cu thp trng thi gii hn s dng th h s ti trng ca hot ti phi
tng ln 1,30.

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 3.4.1-2 - H s ti trng dng cho ti trng thng xuyn, p

H s ti trng
Loi ti trng

Ln nht

Nh nht

1,25
1,80
1,50

0,90
0,45
0,65

1,50
1,35
1,00

0,90
0,90
1,00

1,35
1,35
1,30
1,35
1,95
1,50
1,50

N/A
1,00
0,90
0,90
0,90
0,90
0,75

DC: Cu kin v cc thit b ph

DD: ko xung (xt ma st m)
DW: Lp ph mt cu v cc tin ch
EH: p lc ngang ca t
Ch ng
Ngh
EL: Cc ng sut lp rp b hm
EV: p lc t thng ng
n nh tng th
Kt cu tng chn
Kt cu vi cng
Khung cng
Kt cu vi mm khc vi cng hp thp
Cng hp thp mm
ES: Ti trng t cht thm

H s ti trng tnh cho gradien nhit TG v ln SE cn c xc nh trn c s mt n c

th ring. Nu khng c thng tin ring c th ly TG bng:

0,0 cc trng thi gii hn cng v c bit

1,0 trng thi gii hn s dng khi khng xt hot ti, v

0,50 trng thi gii hn s dng khi xt hot ti

i vi cu thi cng phn on, phi xem xt t hp sau y trng thi gii hn s dng:
DC + DW + EH + EV + ES + WA + CR + SH + TG + EL

(3.4.1-2)

3.4.2. H s ti trng dng cho ti trng thi cng

H s ti trng dng cho ti trng kt cu v cc ph kin khng c ly nh hn 1,25.
Tr khi c quy nh khc ca Ch u t, h s ti trng cho ti trng thi cng cho cc thit b v
cc tc ng xung kch khng c ly nh hn 1,5. H s ti trng gi khng c ly nh hn
1,25. H s ca cc ti trng khc phi ly bng 1,0.
3.4.3. H s ti trng dng cho lc kch nng h kt cu nhp v lc ko
sau i vi cp d ng lc

3.4.31. Lc kch
Tr khi c quy nh khc ca Ch u t, lc kch thit k trong khai thc khng c nh hn 1,3
ln phn lc gi lin k vi im kch do ti trng thng xuyn.
Khi kch dm m khng ngng giao thng th lc kch cn phi xt n phn lc do hot ti ph
hp vi k hoch duy tr giao thng nhn vi h s ti trng i vi hot ti.

3.4.3.2. Lc i vi vng neo ko sau

Lc thit k i vi vng neo ko sau phi ly bng 1,2 ln lc kch ln nht.

10

Tiu chun thit k cu

3.5. Ti trng thng xuyn

3.5.1. Tnh ti DC, DW v EV
Tnh ti bao gm trng lng ca tt c cu kin ca kt cu, ph kin v tin ch cng cng km
theo, trng lng t ph, trng lng mt cu, d phng ph b v m rng.
Khi khng c s liu chnh xc c th ly t trng nh Bng 1 tnh tnh ti

Bng 3.5.1-1- T trng

Vt liu
Hp kim nhm
Lp ph b tng at-phan
X than
Ct cht. ph sa hay t st
Nh
B tng
Ct nh
Thng
Ct ri. ph sa. si
t st mn
Si. cui. macadam hoc balat
Thp
xy
Nc
Ngt
Mn

T trng (kg/m3)
2800
2250
960
1925
1775
1925
2400
1600
1600
2250
7850
2725
1000
1025

3.5.2. Ti trng t EH, ES v DD

p lc t, ti trng ph gia trn t , ti trng ko xung (ma st m) c xc nh trong iu 3.11.
3.6. hot ti
3.6.1. Ti trng trng lc: LL v PL

3.6.1.1. Hot ti xe
3.6.1.1.1. S ln xe thit k
S ln xe thit k c xc nh bi phn s nguyn ca t s w/3500, y w l b rng khong
trngca lng ng gia hai va hoc hai ro chn, n v l mm. Cn xt n kh nng thay i
trong tng lai v vt l hoc chc nng ca b rng trng ca lng ng ca cu .
Trong trng hp b rng ln xe nh hn 3500mm th s ln xe thit k ly bng s ln giao thng v
b rng ln xe thit k phi ly bng b rng ln giao thng.

11

Tiu chun thit k cu

Lng ng rng t 6000mm n 7200mm phi c 2 ln xe thit k, mi ln bng mt na b rng

lng ng.
3.6.1.1.2. H s ln xe
Nhng quy nh ca iu ny khng c p dng cho trng thi gii hn mi, trong trng hp
ch dng vi mt xe ti thit k, bt k s ln xe thit k. Khi dng h s phn phi gn ng ca 1 ln
xe n nh trong iu 4.6.2.2. v 4.6.2.3, khc vi quy tc n by v phng php tnh hc, ng lc
phi c chia cho 1,20.
ng lc cc hn ca hot ti phi xc nh bng cch xt mi t hp c th ca s ln chu ti nhn vi
h s tng ng trong Bng 1.
H s trong Bng 3.6.1.1.2.1 khng c p dng kt hp vi h s phn b ti trng gn ng quy
nh trong iu 4.6.2.2 v 4.6.2.3, tr khi dng quy tc n by hay khi c yu cu ring cho dm
ngoi cng trong cu dm- bn quy nh trong iu 6.2.2.2.d th c p dng

Bng 3.6.1.1.2.1- H s ln m
S ln cht ti
1
2
3
>3

H s ln (m)
1,20
1,00
0,85
0,65

3.6.1.2. Hot ti xe t thit k

3.6.1.2.1. Tng qut
Hot ti xe t trn mt cu hay kt cu ph tr c t tn l HL-93 s gm mt t hp ca:

Xe ti thit k hoc xe 2 trc thit k, v

Ti trng ln thit k

Tr trng hp c iu chnh trong iu 3.6.1.3.1, mi ln thit k c xem xt phi c b tr

hoc xe ti thit k hoc xe hai trc chng vi ti trng ln khi p dng c. Ti trng c gi thit
chim 3000mm theo chiu ngang trong mt ln xe thit k.
3.6.1.2.2. Xe ti thit k
Trng lng v khong cch cc trc v bnh xe ca xe ti thit k phi ly theo Hnh 3.6.1.2.2-1. Lc
xung kch ly theo iu 3.6.2
Tr quy nh trong iu 3.6.1.3.1 v 3.6.1.4.1, c ly gia 2 trc 145.000N phi thay i gia 4300 v
9000mm gy ra ng lc ln nht.
i vi cc cu trn cc tuyn ng cp IV v thp hn, Ch u t c th xc nh ti trng trc cho
trong Hnh 3.6.1.2.2-1 nhn vi h s 0,50 hoc 0,65.

12

Tiu chun thit k cu

35 kN
145 kN
145 kN
4300 mm
4300 mm ti 900mm

600 mm ni chung
300mm mt tha ca mt cu
Ln thit k 3600 mm

Hnh 3.6.1.2.2-1 - c trng ca xe ti thit k

3.6.1.2.3. Xe hai trc thit k
Xe hai trc gm mt cp trc 110.000N cch nhau 1200mm. C ly chiu ngang ca cc bnh xe ly
bng 1800mm. Ti trng ng cho php ly theo iu 3.6.2.
i vi cc cu trn cc tuyn ng cp IV v thp hn, Ch u t c th xc nh ti trng xe hai
trc ni trn nhn vi h s 0,50 hoc 0,65.
3.6.1.2.4. Ti trng ln thit k
Ti trng ln thit k gm ti trng 9,3N/mm phn b u theo chiu dc. Theo chiu ngang cu c gi
thit l phn b u trn chiu rng 3000mm. ng lc ca ti trng ln thit k khng xt lc xung kch.
3.6.1.2.5. Din tch tip xc ca lp xe
Din tch tip xc ca lp xe ca mt bnh xe c mt hay hai lp c gi thit l mt hnh ch nht c
chiu rng l 510mm v chiu di tnh bng mm ly nh sau:
L = 2,28 x 10-3 (1 + lM/100)P

(3.6.1.2.5-1)

trong :

h s ti trng

lM

lc xung kch tnh bng phn trm

72500 N cho xe ti thit k v 55000N cho xe hai trc thit k.

p lc lp xe c gi thit l phn b u trn din tch tip xc. p lc lp xe gi thit phn b

nh sau:

Tiu chun thit k cu

13

Trn b mt lin tc phn b u trn din tch tip xc quy nh

Trn b mt b gin on phn b u trn din tch tip xc thc t trong phm vi vt xe vi p
sut tng theo t s ca din tch quy nh trn din tch tip xc thc t.

3.6.1.2.6. Phn b ti trng bnh xe qua t p

Khi b dy lp t p nh hn 600mm th c th b qua nh hng ca t p n s phn b ti
trng bnh xe. S phn b hot ti ln nh cng c th ly theo quy nh trong iu 4.6.2.1 v 4.6.3.2
cho bn mt cu bc song song vi chiu xe chy.
Thay cho vic phn tch chnh xc hn hoc dng cc phng php gn ng c chp nhn khc v
phn b ti trng c quy nh trong Phn 12, khi b dy t p ln hn 600mm, ti trng bnh xe
c th c coi l phn b u trn mt hnh ch nht c cnh ly bng kch thc vng tip xc ca
lp quy nh trong iu 3.6.1.2.5 v tng ln hoc 1,15 ln b dy lp ph bng cp phi chn lc,
hoc bng b dy lp ph trong cc trng hp khc. Phi p dng nhng quy nh trong cc iu
3.6.1.1.2 v 3.6.1.3
Khi cc vng phn b ca nhiu bnh xe chp vo nhau th tng ti trng phi c phn b u trn
din tch.
i vi cng mt nhp khi chiu dy lp t p ln hn 2400mm v ln hn chiu di nhp th c th
b qua tc dng ca hot ti; i vi cng nhiu nhp c th b qua tc dng ca hot ti khi b dy t
p ln hn khong cch gia b mt ca cc tng u ca cng.
Khi m men trong bn b tng do hot ti v lc xung kch da trn s phn b ca ti trng bnh xe
qua t p ln hn m men do hot ti v lc xung kch c tnh theo iu 4.6.2.1 v 4.6.3.2 th phi
dng m men trong trng hp sau.

3.6.1.3. Tc dng ca hot ti xe thit k

3.6.1.3.1. Tng qut

Tr khi c quy nh khc, ng lc ln nht phi c ly theo gi tr ln hn ca cc trng hp sau:

Hiu ng ca xe hai trc thit k t hp vi hiu ng ti trng ln thit k , hoc

Hiu ng ca mt xe ti thit k c c ly trc bnh thay i nh trong iu 3.6.1.2.2 t hp vi

hiu ng ca ti trng ln thit k, v

i vi m men m gia cc im un ngc chiu khi chu ti trng ri u trn cc nhp v ch

i vi phn lc gi gia th ly 90% hiu ng ca hai xe ti thit k c khong cch trc bnh
trc xe ny cch bnh sau xe kia l 15000mm t hp vi 90% hiu ng ca ti trng ln thit k;
khong cch gia cc trc 145kN ca mi xe ti phi ly bng 4300mm.

Cc trc bnh xe khng gy ra ng lc ln nht ang xem xt phi b qua.

C ti trng ln v v tr ca b rng 3000mm ca mi ln phi t sao cho gy ra ng lc ln nht. Xe
ti thit k hoc xe hai bnh thit k phi b tr trn chiu ngang sao cho tim ca bt k ti trng bnh
xe no cng khng gn hn:

Khi thit k bn hng: 300mm tnh t mp va hay lan can

Tiu chun thit k cu

14

Khi thit k cc b phn khc: 600mm tnh t mp ln xe thit k.

Tr khi c quy nh khc, chiu di ca ln xe thit k hoc mt phn ca n m gy ra ng lc ln

nht phi c cht ti trng ln thit k.
3.6.1.3.2. Cht ti nh gi vng do hot ti tu
Nu Ch u t yu cu tiu chun vng do hot ti tu theo iu 2.5.2.6.2 th vng cn ly
theo tr s ln hn ca:

Kt qu tnh ton do ch mt mnh xe ti thit k, hoc

Kt qu tnh ton ca 25% xe ti thit k cng vi ti trng ln thit k.

3.6.1.3.3. Ti trng thit k dng cho mt cu, h mt cu v bn nh ca cng hp

Nhng quy nh trong iu ny khng c p dng cho mt cu c thit k theo quy nh ca
iu 9.7.2, phng php thit k theo kinh nghim.
Khi bn mt cu v bn np ca cng hp c thit k theo phng php di gn ng theo
iu 4.6.2.1 th cc ng lc phi c xc nh trn c s sau:

Khi cc di c bn l ngang v nhp khng vt qu 4600 mm- cc di ngang phi c thit

k theo cc bnh xe ca trc 145000 N.

Khi cc di c bn l ngang v nhp vt qu 4600mm - cc di ngang phi c thit k theo

cc bnh xe ca trc 145.000 N v ti trng ln.

Khi cc di c bn l dc - cc di ngang phi c thit k theo tt c cc ti trng quy nh

trong iu 3.6.1.2 bao gm c ti trng ln.

Khi dng phng php tnh chnh xc phi xt tt c ti trng quy nh trong iu 3.6.1.2 bao gm c
ti trng ln.
Cc kiu kt cu k c cu bn phi c thit k vi tt c hot ti quy nh trong iu 3.6.1.2 bao
gm ti trng ln.
Ti trng bnh xe phi c gi thit l bng nhau trong phm vi mt n v trc xe v s tng ti
trng bnh xe do cc lc ly tm v lc hm khng cn a vo tnh ton bn mt cu.
3.6.1.3.4. Ti trng trn bn hng
Khi thit k bn mt cu hng c chiu di hng khng qu 1800mm tnh t trc tim ca dm ngoi cng
n mt ca lan can bng b tng lin tc v kt cu, ti trng bnh xe dy ngoi cng c th c thay
bng mt ti trng tuyn phn b u vi cng 14,6N/mm t cch b mt lan can 300mm.

15

Tiu chun thit k cu

Ti trng ngang trn bn hng do lc va ca xe vi ro chn phi ph hp vi quy nh ca Phn 13.

3.6.1.4. Ti trng mi
3.6.1.4.1. ln v dng
Ti trng tnh mi l mt xe ti thit k hoc l cc trc ca n c quy nh trong iu 3.6.1.2.2
nhng vi mt khong cch khng i l 9000 mm gia cc trc 145.000N.
Lc xung kch quy nh trong iu 3.6.2 phi c p dng cho ti trng tnh mi.
3.6.1.4.2. Tn s
Tn s ca ti trng mi phi c ly theo lu lng xe ti trung bnh ngy ca ln xe n (ADTTSL).
Tn s ny phi c p dng cho tt c cc cu kin ca cu, d cho chng nm di ln xe c s xe
ti t hn.
Khi thiu cc thng tin y th ADTT ca ln xe n phi ly nh sau:
ADTTSL = p x ADTT

(3.6.1.4.2-1)

trong :
ADTT

s xe ti / ngy theo mt chiu tnh trung bnh trong tui th thit k;

ADTTSL

s xe ti / ngy trong mt ln xe n tnh trung bnh trong tui th thit k;

ly theo Bng 3.6.1.4.2-1.

Bng 3.6.1.4.2 -1 - Phn s xe ti trong mt ln xe n, p

S ln xe c gi tr cho xe ti
1
2
3

p
1, 00
0, 85
0, 80

3.6.1.3.2. Phn b ti trng khi tnh mi

3.6.1.4.3a. Cc phng php chnh xc
Khi cu c tnh ton theo bt k phng php chnh xc no c quy nh trong iu 4.6.3 th mt
xe ti n chic phi c b tr theo chiu ngang v chiu dc sao cho phm vi ng sut trong chi tit
ang xt l ln nht, bt k v tr dng xe hay ln xe thit k trn mt cu.
3.6.1.4.3b. Cc phng php gn ng
Khi cu c tnh ton theo s phn b gn ng ca ti trng nh quy nh trong iu 4.6.2 phi s
dng h s phn b cho mt ln xe.

3.6.1.3. Ti trng b hnh

16

Tiu chun thit k cu

i vi tt c ng b hnh rng hn 600m phi ly ti trng ngi i b bng 3x10-3 MPa v phi
tnh ng thi cng hot ti xe thit k.
i vi cu ch dnh cho ngi i b v/hoc i xe p phi thit k vi hot ti l 4.1x10-3 MPa.
Khi ng b hnh, cu cho ngi i b v cu i xe p c dng dng xe bo dng v/hoc xe
ngu nhin th cc ti trng ny phi c xt trong thit k. Lc xung kch ca cc loi xe ny khng
cn phi xt.
3.6.2. Lc xung kch: IM

3.6.2.1. Tng qut

Tr trng hp cho php trong iu 3.6.2.2, tc ng tnh hc ca xe ti hay xe hai trc thit k khng
k lc ly tm v lc hm, phi c tng thm mt t l phn trm c quy nh trong bng 3.6.2.1.-1
cho lc xung kch.
H s p dng cho ti trng tc dng tnh c ly bng: (1 + IM/100)
Lc xung kch khng c p dng cho ti trng b hnh hoc ti trng ln thit k.

Bng 3.6.2.1-1- Lc xung kch IM

Cu kin
Mi ni bn mt cu
Tt c cc trng thi gii hn
Tt c cc cu kin khc
Trng thi gii hn mi v gin
Tt c cc trng thi gii hn khc

IM
75%
15%
25%

Tc ng ca lc xung kch i vi cc cu kin vi trong t nh trong Phn 12 phi ly theo

iu 3.6.2.2.
Khng cn xt lc xung kch i vi :

Tng chn khng chu phn lc thng ng t kt cu phn trn

Thnh phn mng nm hon ton di mt t

Lc xung kch c th c chit gim cho cc cu kin tr mi ni, nu kim tra cn c theo cc
quy nh ca iu 4.7.2.1

3.6.2.2. Cu kin vi
Lc xung kch tnh bng phn trm i vi cng v cc cu kin vi trong t nu trong Phn 12 phi
ly nh sau:
IM = 33(1,0 - 4,1x10-4 DE) 0%
trong :
DE

chiu dy ti thiu ca lp t ph pha trn kt cu (mm)

(3.6.2.2-1)

17

Tiu chun thit k cu

3.6.3. Lc ly tm : CE
Lc ly tm c ly bng tch s ca cc trng lng trc ca xe ti hay xe hai trc vi h s C ly nh sau;

4 v2
C =
3 gR

(3.6.3-1)

trong :
v

tc thit k ng t (m/s);

gia tc trng lc 9,807 (m/s2)

bn knh cong ca ln xe (m)

Tc thit k ng b khng ly nh hn tr s quy nh trong Tiu chun thit k ng b .

Phi p dng h s ln quy nh trong iu 3.6.1.1.2
Lc ly tm tc dng theo phng nm ngang cch pha trn mt ng 1800mm
3.6.4. Lc hm: BR
Lc hm c ly bng 25% ca trng lng cc trc xe ti hay xe hai trc thit k cho mi ln c
t trong tt c cc ln thit k c cht ti theo iu 3.6.1.1.1 v coi nh i cng mt chiu. Cc lc
ny c coi l tc dng theo chiu nm ngang cch pha trn mt ng 1.800mm theo c hai chiu
dc gy ra ng lc ln nht. Tt c cc ln thit k phi c cht ti ng thi i vi cu v coi
nh i cng mt chiu trong tng lai.
Phi p dng h s ln quy nh trong iu 3.6.1.1.2
3.6.5. Lc va ca xe: CT

3.6.5.1. Bo v kt cu
Nhng quy nh trong iu 3.6.5.2 khng cn tun th nu cng trnh c bo v bi:

Nn p;

Kt cu ro chn c lp cao 1370 mm chu c va, chn trong t, t trong phm vi cch
b phn cn c bo v 3000 mm; hoc

Ro chn cao 1070 mm t cch b phn cn bo v hn 3000 mm.

nh gi s min tr ny, ro chn phi tng ng v cu to v hnh hc vi mc ngn chn

L3 quy nh trong Phn 13.

3.6.5.2. Xe c v tu ho va vo kt cu
Tr khi c bo v nh quy nh trong iu 3.6.5.1, m tr t trong phm vi cch mp lng ng
b 9000 mm hay trong phm vi 15000 mm n tim ng st u phi thit k cho mt lc tnh tng
ng l 1.800.000N tc dng bt k hng no trong mt phng nm ngang, cch mt t 1200 mm.
Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 2.3.2.2.1

18

Tiu chun thit k cu

3.6.5.3. Xe c va vo ro chn
Phi p dng cc quy nh Phn 13.
3.7. Ti trng nc: WA
3.7.1. p lc tnh
p lc tnh ca nc c gi thit l tc ng thng gc vi mt cn nc. p lc c tnh ton
bng tch ca chiu cao mt nc pha trn im ang tnh nhn vi t trng ca nc v gia tc
trng trng.
Mc nc thit k trong trng thi gii hn cng v trng thi gii hn s dng phi tng ng
vi mc l thit k cho xi. Mc nc thit k cho trng thi gii hn c bit phi tng ng vi
mc l kim tra xi tr trng hp c ghi trong Ghi ch 4 ca Bng 3.4.1-1.
3.7.2. Lc y ni
Lc y ni ca nc l mt lc y hng ln trn c ly bng tng ca cc thnh phn thng ng
ca p lc tnh c xc nh trong iu 3.7.1, tc dng ln tt c cc b phn nm di mc nc
thit k.
3.7.3. p lc dng chy

3.7.3.1. Theo chiu dc

p lc nc chy tc dng theo chiu dc ca kt cu phn di phi c tnh theo cng thc:
p = 5,14 x 10-4 CD V2

(3.7.3.1-1)

trong :
p

p lc ca nc chy (MPa)

CD

h s cn ca tr ly theo Bng 3.7.3.1-1

vn tc nc thit k tnh theo l thit k cho xi trng thi gii hn cng v s

dng v theo l kim tra xi khi tnh theo trng thi gii hn c bit (tr trng hp c
ghi trong Ghi ch 4 Bng 3.4.1-1) (m/s)

Bng 3.7.3.1-1- H s cn
Loi hnh
Tr u trn
Tr u vung
Tr c t rc
Tr u nhn vi gc nhn 900 hoc nh hn

Cd
0,7
1,4
1,4
0,8

Lc cn dc c tnh bng tch ca p lc dng chy dc nhn vi hnh chiu ca din tch mt hng
ca tr.

19

Tiu chun thit k cu

3.7.3.2. Theo chiu ngang

p lc ngang phn b u trn kt cu phn di do dng chy lch vi chiu dc ca tr mt gc
c ly bng :
p = 5,14 x 10-4 CL V2

(3.7.3.2-1)

trong :
p

p lc theo chiu ngang (MPa)

CL

h s cn theo chiu ngang ly theo Bng 3.7.3.2-1

Trc dc ca tr

Hnh 3.7.3.2-1 - Mt bng tr th hin p lc dng chy

Bng 3.7.3.2-1- H s cn theo chiu ngang

Gc gia hng dng chy v
trc dc ca tr
00
50
100
200
300

CL
0,0
0,5
0,7
0,9
1,0

Lc cn ngang c tnh bng tch ca p lc dng chy theo chiu ngang nhn vi din tch l ra ca
kt cu.
3.7.4. Ti trng sng
Tc dng ca sng ln kt cu c xt cho nhng kt cu l ra khi s pht trin ca lc sng ln c
th xut hin.
3.7.5. S bin i trong mng do tc dng ca trng thi gii hn xi
Phi p dng nhng quy nh trong iu 2.6.4.4
Nhng hu qu ca s thay i iu kin ca mng do tc dng ca l thit k cho xi phi c xt
n trng thi gii hn cng v trng thi gii hn s dng. Nhng hu qu ca s thay i iu
kin ca mng do tc dng ca l kim tra xi cu phi c xt n trng thi gii hn c bit, tr
trng hp c ghi trong Ghi ch 4 Bng 3.4.1-1.
3.8. Ti trng gi: WL v WS

20

Tiu chun thit k cu

3.8.1. Ti trng gi ngang

3.8.1.1. Tng qut

Mc ny quy nh cc ti trng gi nm ngang tc dng vo cc cng trnh cu thng thng. i vi
cc kt cu nhp ln hay kt cu nhy cm i gi nh cu treo dy vng, cu dy xin cn c nhng
kho st, nghin cu c bit v mi trng kh hu i vi gi v th nghim trong cc tunen gi
xc nh cc tc ng ca gi trong thit k. Ngoi ra, phi xem xt trng thi lm vic kh ng hc
ca cc kt cu theo cc yu cu ca iu 3.8.3.
Tc gi thit k, V, phi c xc nh theo cng thc:
V = VB S

(3.8.1.1-1)

trong :
VB

tc gi git c bn trong 3 giy vi chu k xut hin 100 nm thch hp vi

vng tnh gi ti v tr cu ang nghin cu, nh quy nh trong Bng 3.8.1.1-1.
h s iu chnh i vi khu t chu gi v cao mt cu theo quy
nh trong bng 3.8.1.1-2.

Bng 3.8.1.1-1- Cc gi tr ca VB cho cc vng tnh gi Vit Nam

B

Vng tnh gi theo

TCVN 2737 - 1995
I
II
III
IV

VB(m/s)
38
45
53
59

tnh gi trong qu trnh lp rp, c th nhn cc gi tr VB trong Bng trn vi h s 0,85.

Bng 3.8.1.1-2 - Cc gi tr ca S
cao ca mt cu
trn mt t khu vc
xung quanh hay trn
mt nc (m)
10
20
30
40
50

Khu vc l thin
hay mt nc
thong

Khu vc c rng hay c

nh ca vi cy ci, nh
cao ti a khong 10m

Khu vc c nh ca
vi a s nh cao
trn 10m

1,09
1,14
1,17
1,20
1,21

1,00
1,06
1,10
1,13
1,16

0,81
0,89
0,94
0,98
1,01

3.8.1.2. Ti trng gi tc ng ln cng trnh : WS

3.8.1.2.1. Ti trng gi ngang
Ti trng gi ngang PD phi c ly theo chiu tc dng nm ngang v t ti trng tm ca cc
phn din tch thch hp, v c tnh nh sau:

21

Tiu chun thit k cu

PD = 0,0006 V2 At Cd 1,8 At (kN)

(3.8.1.2.1 -1)

trong :
V

tc gi thit k xc nh theo phng trnh 3.8.1.1 -1 (m/s)

At

din tch ca kt cu hay cu kin phi tnh ti trng gi ngang (m2)

Cd

h s cn c quy nh trong Hnh 3.8.1.2.1-1

Din tch kt cu hay cu kin ang xt phi l din tch c chiu ln mt trc vung gc, trong
trng thi khng c hot ti tc dng, vi cc iu kin sau y:

i vi kt cu phn trn (KCPT) c lan can c, din tch KCPT phi bao gm din tch ca
lan can c hng gi, khng cn xt nh hng ca lan can khng hng gi.

i vi kt cu phn trn c lan can h, ti trng ton b phi ly bng tng ti trng tc dng
ln kt cu phn trn, khi phi xt lan can hng v khng hng gi ring r tng loi. Nu
c hn hai lan can, ch xt nh hng nhng lan can no c nh hng ln nht v phng din
khng che chn.

i vi kt cu nhp kiu dn, lc gi s c tnh ton cho tng b phn mt cch ring r c
ni hng gi v ni khut gi, m khng xt phn bao bc.

i vi cc tr, khng xt mt che chn.

H s cn Cd phi tnh theo cc phng php sau:

i vi KCPT c mt trc c, khi kt cu quy i c cc mp cnh dc ng v khng c

gc vut y ng k v kh ng phi ly Cd theo Hnh 3.8.1.2.-1, trong :
b = Chiu rng ton b ca cu gia cc b mt lan can (mm)
d = Chiu cao KCPT bao gm c lan can c nu c (mm)
i vi KCPT gin, lan can v kt cu phn di phi ly lc gi i vi tng cu kin vi cc gi tr Cd
theo Tiu chun TCVN 2737 - 1995 Bng 6 hoc theo ti liu khc c Ch u t duyt.

i vi mi KCPT khc, phi xc nh Cd trong hm th nghim gi.

H s cn Cd

h s ti thiu i vi
mt cu t trn dm I,
vi trn 4 dm, hoc
dm hp

T s b/d
Hnh 3.8.1.2.1.1 - H s cn Cd dng cho kt cu phn trn c mt hng gi c
Ghi ch dng cho hnh 3.8.1.2.1 -1:
1. Cc gi tr cho trong hnh da trn gi thit l mt hng gi thng ng v gi tc dng nm ngang.

22

Tiu chun thit k cu

2. Nu mt hng gi xin so vi mt thng ng, h s cn Cd c th c gim 0.5% c mi

xin so vi mt ng v ti a c gim 30%.
3. Nu mt hng gi c c phn ng ln phn dc hoc 2 phn dc nghing vi gc khc nhau,
ti trng gi phi ly nh sau:
a) H s cn c bn Cd tnh vi chiu cao ton b kt cu
b) i vi tng mt ng h s cn c bn tnh trn c gim theo ghi ch 2.
c) Tnh ti trng gi tng cng bng cch dng h s cn thch hp cho cc din tng ng.
4. Nu kt cu phn trn c nng cao, phi ly Cd tng ln 3% cho mi nghing so vi
ng nm ngang, nhng khng qu 25%.
5. Nu kt cu phn trn chu gi xin khng qu 50 so vi hng nm ngang, phi tng Cd ln
15%. Nu gc xin vt 50 phi chia h s cn cho mt h s theo th nghim.
6. Nu kt cu phn trn c nng cao ng thi chu gi xin, phi ly h s cn theo kt qu
kho st c bit.
3.8.1.2.2. Ti trng gi dc
i vi m, tr, kt cu phn trn (KCPT) l gin hay cc dng kt cu khc c mt b mt cn
gi ln song song vi tim dc ca kt cu th phi xt ti trng gi dc. Phi tnh ti trng gi dc
theo cch tng t vi ti trng gi ngang theo iu 3.8.1.2.1.
i vi KCPT c mt trc c, ti trng gi ly bng 0.25 ln ti trng gi ngang theo iu 3.8.1.2.1.
Cc ti trng gi dc v ngang phi cho tc dng trong tng trng hp t ti ring r, nu thy
thch hp th kt cu phi kim ton bng hp lc ca gi xt n nh hng ca cc gc hng
gi trung gian (khng vung gc).

3.8.1.3. Ti trng gi tc dng ln xe c: WL

Khi xt t hp ti trng Cng III, phi xt ti trng gi tc dng vo c kt cu v xe c. Phi
biu th ti trng ngang ca gi ln xe c bng ti trng phn b 1.5 kN/m, tc dng theo hng
nm ngang, ngang vi tim dc kt cu v t cao 1800 mm so vi mt ng. Phi biu th ti
trng gi dc ln xe c bng ti trng phn b 0.75 kN/m tc dng nm ngang, song song vi tim
dc kt cu v t cao 1800mm so vi mt ng. Phi truyn ti trng cho kt cu mi
trng hp.
Phi t ti lc gi ngang v dc ln xe c cho tng trng hp t ti ring r, nu thch hp, phi
kim ton kt cu bng hp lc gi c xt nh hng ca cc gc hng gi trung gian.
3.8.2. Ti trng gi thng ng
Phi ly ti trng gi thng ng Pv tc dng vo trng tm ca din tch thch hp theo cng thc:
Pv = 0.00045 V2Av

(kN)

(3.8.2-1)

trong :
V

tc gi thit k c xc nh theo phng trnh 3.8.1.1-1 (m/s)

Av

din tch phng ca mt cu hay cu kin dng tnh ti trng gi thng ng (m2).

Tiu chun thit k cu

23

Ch tnh ti trng ny cho cc trng thi gii hn khng lin quan n gi ln hot ti, v ch tnh
khi ly hng gi vung gc vi trc dc ca cu. Phi t ti lc gi thng ng cng vi lc gi
nm ngang quy nh theo iu 3.8.1.
C th dng phng trnh 1 vi iu kin gc nghing ca gi tc dng vo kt cu t hn 50; nu
vt qu 50, h s nng bc phi c xc ng bng th nghim.
3.8.3. Mt n nh n hi kh ng

3.8.3.1. Tng qut

ng lc kh ng n hi phi c xt trong thit k cc cu v cc b phn c kh nng nhy cm vi
gi. Cc cu v cc b phn kt cu ca n c t l gia chiu di nhp v chiu rng hoc chiu dy
vt qu 30 c coi l nhy cm vi gi.
Dao ng ca dy cp do cng tc dng ca gi v ma cng phi c xt.

3.8.3.2. Hin tng kh ng n hi

Phi xt hin tng kh ng n hi ca cc kch thch nh gi xoy, rung ng, rung ngang hay lch
khi ph hp.

3.8.3.3. Kim tra p ng ng

Cu v cc b phn kt cu ca n bao gm c dy cp phi c thit k bo m khng b hng do
mi di tc dng ca dao ng do gi xoy hoc git. Cu phi c thit k bo m khng b xon
vn v chu c dao ng ngang gy thm ho khi c gi vi vn tc ln hn 1,2 ln vn tc thit k
c thtc ng n chiu cao mt cu.

3.8.3.4. Th nghim trong hm gi

C th dng cc th nghim trong hm gi tiu biu tho mn cc yu cu ca cc iu 3.8.3.2 v 3.8.3.3.
3.9. v ti trng bng tuyt, Khng bin son
3.10. Hiu ng ng t: EQ
3.10.1. Tng qut
Ti trng ng t phi c ly bng mt ng lc nm ngang c xc nh ph hp vi cc quy nh ca
iu 4.7.4 trn c s h s p ng n hi Csm c quy nh trong iu 3.10.6 v trng lng tng
ng ca kt cu phn trn v c chnh l bng h s iu chnh p ng quy nh trong iu 3.10.7.1
Nhng quy nh y c p dng vi kt cu phn trn dng bn, dm t hp, dm hp v gin
thng thng vi nhp khng vt qu 150.000 mm. i vi nhng kt cu khc v cu vi chiu di
nhp vt qu 150.000 mm th Ch u t phi xc nh hoc chp nhn nhng quy nh thch hp. Tr
khi c quy nh khc ca Ch u t, cc quy nh ny khng p dng cho nhng cng trnh hon ton
b vi.

Tiu chun thit k cu

24

i vi cng hp v cng trnh b vi khng cn xt hiu ng ng t tr trng hp cng trnh i qua

vng t gy ang hot ng .
Phi xt n kh nng t b ho lng v cc dc trt.
3.10.2. H s gia tc
Khi p dng cc quy nh ny h s A phi c xc nh t bn ng tr trong Hnh 1. Khi v tr
cng trnh nm gia hai ng ng tr hoc gia mt ng ng tr v mt im ti a hoc ti thiu
phi ni suy tuyn tnh.
Phi tin hnh nhng nghin cu ring do chuyn gia gii thc hin xc nh cc h s gia tc
ring theo v tr v kt cu nu tn ti bt k mt iu kin no di y:

V tr gn mt t gy ang hot ng.

C th c nhng ng t ko di trong vng.

Do tm quan trng ca cu cn xt n mt chu k ph ra di hn (tc chu k ti xut hin).

Tc ng ca cc iu kin t ti ch c xt trong iu 3.10.5.

25

Tiu chun thit k cu

bn phn vng ng t v s phn b cng

ng t ti a I Max trn lnh th vit nam

trung quc

o hi nam

ch thch
I -cc vng pht sinh ng t
vng pht sinh ng t ms max=6.6-7.0
h=20-30km, io m = 8-9 (msk 64)
vng pht sinh ng t ms max =6.1-6.5
h = 15-20 km io max = 8 (msk =64)
vng pht sinh ng t ms max =5.6-6.0
h = 20-25 km io max = 7 (msk =64)

vng pht sinh ng t ms max =5.1-5.5

h = 15-20 km io max = 7 (msk =64)

ii- cc vng chn ng cc i d bo

vng chn ng cc i i max 6 (msk 64) a = 6

vng chn ng cc i i max = 7 (msk 64) 6 < a < 12

vng chn ng cc i i max = 8 (msk 64) 12< a <24

1 chn ng tm t xy ra
ms = 6.6-7.0, h = 23-25 km, io=8
thi gian xy ra9nawm0 1983
ms = 5.6-6.0, h = 25-30 km, io=7
thi gian xy ra9nawm0 1961
ms = 5.1-5.5, h = 10-15 km, io=7
thi gian xy ra9nawm0 1954

Hnh 3.10.2-1- Cc h s gia tc

3.10.3. Cc mc quan trng

26

Tiu chun thit k cu

tnh ton v ng t, Ch u t phi xp loi cu ang xt vo mt trong ba mc quan trng

nh sau:

Cc cu c bit quan trng

Cc cu thit yu, hoc

Cc cu thng thng

C s xp loi phi bao gm cc yu cu x hi/s sng cn v an ninh/quc phng. Trong vic

phn loi cu cn xt n nhng thay i c th trong tng lai v cc iu kin v cc yu cu.
3.10.4. Vng ng t
Mi cu phi c xp vo mt trong 3 vng ng t ph hp vi Bng 1.

Bng 3.10.4-1 - Vng ng t

H s gia tc
A 0,09
0.09 < A 0,19
0.19 < A < 0,29

Vng ng t
1
2
3

Cp (MSK - 64)
Cp 6,5
6,5 < Cp 7,5
7,5 < Cp 8

3.10.5. Cc nh hng ca v tr cng trnh

3.10.5.1. Tng qut

nh hng ca v tr cu phi c a vo trong vic xc nh cc ti trng ng t cho cu.
H s thc a S quy nh trong Bng1 phi da trn loi t c xc nh trong cc iu 310.5.2
n 3.10.5.5.

Bng 3.10.5.1-1- H s thc a

H s thc a
S

Loi t
I
1,0

II
1,2

III
1,5

IV
2,0

nhng v tr cng trnh khng bit y chi tit v tnh cht ca t xc nh loi t, hoc khi
t khng khp vi mt trong 4 loi, th h s thc a S phi ly theo t loi II.

3.10.5.2. t loi I
t c xp vo loi I gm:

cc loi hoc l sit dng kt tinh, hoc

t cng c b dy nh hn 60000 mm v t ph trn nn l ct, si cui hoc st cng trm

tch n nh.

27

Tiu chun thit k cu

3.10.5.3. t loi II
t dnh cng hoc t ri su c b dy vt qu 60000 mm v loi t ph trn nn l ct, si cui
hay st cng trm tch n nh c xp vo loi II.

3.10.5.4. t loi III

t st mm n na cng v ct c c trng bi lp dy 9000 mm hay hn na l st mm hay na
cng, c hoc khng c xen ln cc lp ct hoc t ri khc c xp vo loi III.

3.10.5.5. t loi IV
t st mm hoc bn dy hn 12000 mm c xp vo loi IV.

3.10.6. H s p ng ng t n hi

3.10.6.1. Tng qut

Ngoi quy nh khc iu 3.10.6.2 h s p ng ng t n hi Csm cho dng thc dao ng th m
c ly theo:

C sm =

1,2AS
Tm

2/3

2,5A

(3.10.6.1-1)

trong :
Tm =

chu k dao ng kiu th m (s)

h s gia tc ly theo iu 3.10.2

h s thc a ly theo iu 3.10.5

3.10.6.2. Cc ngoi l
i vi t loi III v IV v i vi cc kiu dao ng khc vi kiu c bn c chu k nh hn 0,3 giy,
th Csm phi ly theo:
Csm = A (0,8 + 4,0 Tm)

(3.10.6.2-1)

Nu chu k dao ng ca mt kiu bt k ln hn 4,0 giy th tr s Csm ca kiu phi ly theo:

C sm =
3.10.7. H s iu chnh p ng

3.10.7.1. Tng qut

3AS
Tm4 / 3

(3.10.6.2-2)

28

Tiu chun thit k cu

p dng cc h s iu chnh p ng ni y, cc chi tit kt cu cn phi tha mn quy nh

ca cc iu 5.10.2.2, 5.10.11 v 5.13.4.6.
Tr nhng ghi ch y, ng lc ng t thit k ca cc kt cu phn di v cc lin kt gia cc
b phn ca kt cu c lit k trong Bng 2 phi c xc nh bng cch chia ng lc rt ra t phn
tch n hi cho h s iu chnh p ng thch hp R, nh quy nh trong Bng 1 v 2 tng ng.
H s R cn c quy nh trong Bng 2 cho cc lin kt, cc mi ni t gia cc b phn kt cu v
cc kt cu, chng hn nh lin kt ct vi b mng, c th c thit k truyn ng lc ln nht c
th pht sinh bi khp do ca ct hay b nhm ct m chng lin kt nh quy nh trong
iu 3.10.9.4.3.
Nu phng php lch s thi gian phi n hi c dng phn tch, th h s diu chnh p ng R
s ly bng 1,0 cho mi kt cu phn di v lin kt.

Bng 3.10.7.1-1 - H s iu chnh p ng R - Kt cu phn di

Kt cu
phn di
Tr kiu tng c kch
thc ln
B cc BTCT
ch c cc thng
c c cc xin
Ct n
Cc thp hay thp lin
hp v b cc BTCT
ch c cc thng
c c cc xin
B nhm ct

Ti hn
1,5

Mc quan trng
Ch yu
1,5

Khc
2,0

1,5
1,5
1,5

2,0
1,5
2,0

3,0
2,0
3,0

1,5
1,5
1,5

3,5
2,0
3,5

5,0
3,0
5,0

Bng 3.10.7.1-2 - H s iu chnh p ng R - Cc lin kt

Lin kt
Kt cu nhp vi m
Khe co gin trong nhp ca kt cu phn
trn
Ct tr hay b cc vi rm m hay kt cu
phn trn
Ct hay tr vi mng

Tt c cc cp quan trng
0,8
0,8
1,0
1,0

3.10.7.2. p dng
Ti trng ng t c gi thit tc dng trong mi phng ngang.
H s R c dng cho c hai trc trc giao ca kt cu phn di.
Mt tr BTCT dng tng c th c tnh ton nh l ct n theo chiu mnh nu tha mn mt quy
nh cho ct trong Phn 5.
3.10.8. T hp cc ng lc ng t

Tiu chun thit k cu

29

Cc ng lc ng t n hi trn mi trc chnh ca mt cu kin c rt ra t tnh ton theo hai

phng thng gc phi c t hp thnh hai trng hp ti trng sau:

100% ca gi tr tuyt i ca cc ng lc theo mt trong cc chiu vung gc th nht c t hp

vi 30% ca gi tr tuyt i ca cc ng lc trong chiu vung gc th hai.

100% ca gi tr tuyt i ca cc ng lc trong chiu vung gc th hai c t hp vi 30% ca

gi tr tuyt i ca cc ng lc trong chiu vung gc th nht.

3.10.9. Tnh ton lc thit k

3.10.9.1. Tng qut

i vi cu mt nhp bt k trong vng ng t no, lc lin kt thit k nh nht theo chiu b cn tr
gia kt cu phn trn v kt cu phn di khng c ly nh hn tch ca h s thc a, h s gia
tc nhn vi ti trng thng xuyn c phn phi v .
B rng ca b gi di ng ca cu nhiu nhp phi ph hp hoc vi iu 4.7.4.4 hoc thit b c nh
chiu dc phi ph hp vi iu 3.10.9.5.

3.10.9.2. Vng ng t 1
i vi cu nm trong vng 1 c h s gia tc nh hn 0,025 v nn t thuc loi I hoc loi II, lc
lin kt ngang thit k trong chiu c nh khng c ly nh hn 0.1 ln phn lc thng ng do ti
trng thng xuyn chuyn vo v do cc hot ti gi s tn ti trong khi c ng t.
i vi cc a im khc trong vng 1 th lc lin kt ngang thit k trong cc chiu c nh khng
c ly nh hn 0.2 ln phn lc thng ng do ti trng thng xuyn chuyn vo v do cc hot
ti gi s tn ti trong khi c ng t.
i vi mi phn on lin ca kt cu phn trn th ti trng thng xuyn c phn phi cho lin
kt trn trc gi c nh dng xc nh lc lin kt thit k phi ly bng tng ti trng thng
xuyn ca t dm.
Nu mi gi mt phn on lin hoc mt nhp gin n c c nh theo phng ngang th ti
trng thng xuyn dng xc nh lc lin kt phi ly bng phn lc do ti trng thng xuyn tc
dng trn gi .
Mi gi cao su v cc lin kt ca chng vo khi xy hay bn gi phi c thit k chu c lc
ng t nm ngang chuyn qua gi. i vi tt c cc cu trong vng ng t 1 v tt c cc cu mt
nhp th lc ct do ng t khng c nh hn lc lin kt c quy nh y.

3.10.9.3. Vng ng t 2
Cng trnh trong vng ng t 2 phi c tnh ton ph hp vi yu cu ti thiu c ghi trong cc
iu 4.7.4.1 v 4.7.4.3.
Tr mng, lc ng t thit k dng cho cc b phn bao gm c b cc v tng chn phi c xc
nh bng cch chia lc ng t n hi tnh theo iu 3.10.8 cho h s iu chnh p ng thch hp
R ly trong Bng 3.10.7.1-1.

Tiu chun thit k cu

30

Lc ng t thit k dng cho mng, tr b cc v tng chn phi c xc nh bng cch chia lc
ng t n hi theo iu 3.10.8 cho mt na h s iu chnh p ng R theo Bng 3.10.7.1-1 i
vi cu kin kt cu phn di c lin kt vo mng . Gi tr ca R/2 khng c ly nh hn 1,0.
Khi c mt nhm ti trng khng phi loi c bit quy nh trong Bng 3.4.1-1, chi phi vic thit k
cc ct, th phi xem xt kh nng cc lc ng t truyn xung mng c th ln hn lc tnh theo
cch quy nh trn y, do c th vt cng ca cc ct.

3.10.9.4. Vng ng t 3
3.10.9.4.1. Tng qut
Cc kt cu trong vng ng t 3 phi c tnh ton ph hp vi yu cu ti thiu ghi trong cc iu
4.7.4.1 v 4.7.4.3.
3.10.9.4.2. Lc thit k iu chnh
Lc thit k iu chnh phi c xc nh nh trong iu 3.10.9.3 tr trng hp tnh mng phi ly
h s R bng 1,0.
3.10.9.4.3. Lc khp do
Khp do phi bit chc l xy ra trc khi kt cu v/hoc mng b ph hoi do vt ng sut hay do
mt n nh trong kt cu v/hoc trong mng. Khp do ch cho php xut hin trong ct l ch d
kim tra v sa cha. Sc khng un do ca b phn kt cu phn di phi c xc nh ph hp vi
cc quy nh trong cc Phn 5 v 6.
Cc cu kin v b phn lin kt vi ct trong kt cu phn trn v kt cu phn di cng phi c
thit k chu lc ct ngang ca ct, c xc nh theo sc khng un do ca ct bng cch nhn
sc khng danh nh ca mt ct b tng vi 1,30 v ca mt ct thp vi 1,25.
Cc lc ct ny, c tnh trn c s khp do, c th coi nh lc ng t cc hn m cu c th khai
thc c.

3.10.9.5. B phn cn dc
Lc ma st khng c coi l mt thit b cn hu hiu.
B phn cn phi c thit k theo mt lc c tnh bng h s gia tc nhn vi ti trng thng
xuyn ca nhp nh hn trong hai nhp hoc cc b phn k bn ca kt cu.
Nu b phn cn l mt im m chuyn v tng i ca mt ct kt cu phn trn c thit k
xy ra trong qu trnh hot ng ca ng t, th phi cho php chm trong b phn cn b phn
cn ch bt u tc dng sau khi chuyn v vt qu tr s thit k.
Khi b phn cn c t tr hay ct th b phn cn ca mi nhp c th c lin kt vi tr hay ct
tt hn l lin kt cc nhp lin k vi nhau.

Tiu chun thit k cu

31

3.10.9.6. Thit b neo gi

i vi vng ng t 2 v 3, thit b neo gi phi c t cc gi v khp trong kt cu lin tc m
lc ng t thng ng do ti trng ng t dc ngc chiu v vt 50% nhng khng ln hn
100% phn lc do ti trng thng xuyn gy ra . Trong trng hp ny lc nng thc dng thit k
thit b neo gi phi ly bng 10% phn lc do ti trng thng xuyn c th pht huy nu nh gi nh
l dm k n gin ln gi.
Nu lc ng t thng ng dn n lc nng th thit k neo gi phi c tnh ton chi c tr
s lc ln hn trong hai trng hp sau:

120% hiu s gia lc ng t thng ng v phn lc do ti trng thng xuyn, hoc

10% phn lc do ti trng thng xuyn.

3.10.10. Cc yu cu i vi cu tm v xy dng phn k.

Bt k cu hoc cu c xy dng tng phn no c coi l tm cho trn 5 nm th phi thit k
theo kt cu vnh cu v khng c dng cc quy nh ca iu ny.
Yu cu mt trn ng t khng c gy ra sp ton b hoc mt phn cu nu trong iu
3.10.1 phi p dng cho cu tm dng cho giao thng. Yu cu cng phi c p dng cho
cc cu c xy dng phn k dng cho giao thng v/hoc vt qua ng giao thng. H s gia
tc cho trong iu 3.10.2 c th c gim bng mt h s khng ln hn 2 tnh cc lc n
hi v chuyn v ca cu kin. Cc h s gia tc cho cc a im xy dng gn cc t gy ang
hot ng phi c nghin c ring. Cc h s iu chnh p ng cho trong iu 3.10.7 c th
tng ln bng mt h s khng ln hn 1,5 tnh lc thit k. H s ny khng c p dng cho
cc lin kt nh xc nh trong Bng 3.10.7.1-2.
Cc quy nh v chiu rng gi ti thiu ca iu 4.7.4.4 phi p dng cho mi cu tm v cu xy
dng tng phn.
3.11. p lc t: EH, ES, LS v DD
3.11.1. Tng qut
p lc t phi c coi l hm s ca:

Loi t v t trng ca t,

Hm lng nc,

Tnh lu bin ca t,

cht,

V tr nc ngm,

Tng tc gia t v cng trnh,

Tr s ti trng cht thm, v

Tc ng ca ng t.

3.11.2 . m nn
Khi lng trc tc dng ca thit b m my xy ra trong c ly mt na chiu cao tng ly bng
chnh cao gia im giao ca lp mng ng lm xong vi lng tng v y tng th tc dng b
sung ca p lc t do m ln phi c a vo tnh ton .

32

Tiu chun thit k cu

3.11.3. S hin din ca nc

Khi t gi khng c thot nc th tc dng ca p lc thu tnh phi c b sung vo p lc t.
Trong trng hp pha sau tng c th ng thnh vng th tng phi c thit k chu p
lc t v p lc thu tnh.
p lc ngang ca t pha di mc nc ngm phi tnh vi t trng t ngm nc.
Nu mc nc ngm hai pha tng khc nhau th phi xt tc dng thm n n nh ca tng
v kh nng phi t ng ng dn. p lc l rng sau tng c ly gn ng theo phng
php dng tnh hay cc phng php phn tch khc phi c cng thm vo ng sut nm ngang
hu hiu khi tnh tng p lc ngang ca t ln tng.
3.11.4. Hiu ng ng t
Hiu ng ca kh nng khuych i ca p lc t chng v/hoc chuyn dch ca khi t
b ng do ng t phi c xt n.
3.11.5. p lc t: EH

3.11.5.1. p lc t c bn
p lc t c bn c gi thit l phn b tuyn tnh v t l vi chiu su t v ly bng:

p = k h s gz (x10 9 )

( 3.11.5.1 -1)

trong :
p
kh

p lc t c bn (MPa)

h s p lc ngang ca t ly bng ko trong iu 3.11.5.2 i vi tng khng un

cong hay dch chuyn, hoc ka trong cc iu 3.11.5.3; 3.11.5.6 v 3.11.5.7 i vi
tng un cong hay dch chuyn t ti iu kin ch ng ti thiu.

t trng ca t (kg/m3)

chiu su di mt t (mm)

hng s trng lc (m/s2)

Tr quy nh khc i, tng ti trng ngang ca t do trng lng t lp phi gi nh tc dng

cao 0,4H pha trn y tng, trong H l tng chiu cao tng tnh t mt t n y mng.

3.11.5.2. H s p lc tnh ( trng thi ngh), ko

i vi t c c kt bnh thng h s p lc t ngang tnh ly nh sau:
k0 = 1 - sinf

( 3.11.5.2 - 1)

trong :
f

gc ma st ca t thot nc

ko

h s p lc t tnh ca t qu c kt.

i vi t qu c kt h s p lc t ngang tnh c th gi thit thay i theo hm s ca t l qu c

kt hay lch s ng sut v c th ly bng:

33

Tiu chun thit k cu

k0 = (1 - sinf )(OCR)sint

( 3.11.5.2 - 2)

trong :
OCR =

t l qu c kt

Cc gi tr ca ko cho cc t l qu c kt khc nhau OCR c th ly Bng 1.

Ph sa, st, st do chy khng nn dng lm t p khi m vt liu ht d thot nc c sn.

Bng 3.11.5.2 -1- H s in hnh ca p lc t ngang tnh

Loi t
Ct ri
Ct va
Ct cht
t ph sa bn(ML)
St nho (CL)
St do chy (CH)

OCR = 1
0,45
0,40
0,35
0,50
0,60
0,65

H s p lc t ngang k0
OCR = 2
OCR = 5
0,65
1,10
0,60
1,05
0,55
1,00
0,70
1,10
0,80
1,20
0,80
1,10

OCR = 10
1,60
1,55
1,50
1,60
1,65
1,40

3.11.5.3. H s p lc ch ng ka
Tr s ca h s p lc ch ng c th ly bng:

Sin 2 ( + )
ka =
Sin 2 Sin ( )

(3.11.5.3-1)

y:

Sin ( + )Sin ( )
= 1 +

Sin ( + ) + Sin ( + )

(3.11.5.3-2)

trong :

gc ma st gia t p v tng ly nh quy nh trong Bng 1 ()

gc ca t p vi phng nm ngang nh trong Hnh1 ( )

gc ca t p sau tng vi phng thng ng nh trong Hnh1 ()

gc ni ma st hu hiu ()

i vi cc iu kin khc vi miu t trong Hnh 1, p lc t ch ng c th tnh bng phng

php th da theo l thuyt lng th trt.

34

Tiu chun thit k cu

Tng

Hnh 3.11.5.3-1. Ch gii Coulomb v p lc t

Bng 3.11.5.3-1 - Gc ma st ca cc loi vt liu khc nhau

Mt tip gip ca vt liu
B tng ton khi trn vt liu nn sau y:
chc sch
Si cui, ct si, ct th sch
Ct mn n trung bnh, ph sa ct trung n th ph sa hoc si cui
cha st sch
Ct mn, ph sa hoc ct mn n trung cha st sch
Ph sa ct mn, ph sa khng do
t st tin c kt rt cng v rn
t st cng va v cng v t st c bn

Gc ma st
()

35
29 n 31
24 n 29
19 n 24
17 n 19
22 n 26
17 n 19

Vt liu xy trn vt liu mng c cng h s ma st

Cc vn thp i vi cc loi t sau:

Si, ct si, sch

Ct si ln ph sa, cng mt c sch
Ct ln ph sa, ct hoc si ln ph sa hoc t st
Ph sa ln ct mn, ph sa khng do

22
17
14
11

B tng c ti ch hay lp ghp, cc vn b tng trong cc loi t sau:

Si, ct si, dm sch

Ct ln ph sa, ct si ln ph sa, cng mt c sch
Ct ln ph sa, si hoc ct ln ph sa hoc st
Ph sa ln ct mn ph sa khng do

22 n 26
17 n 22
17
14

Cc vt liu kt cu khc:

Khi xy trn khi xy, ho thch v bin cht

- o mm trn o mm
- o cng trn o mm
- o cng trn o cng
Khi xy trn g ngang th
Thp trn cc vn thp ci vo nhau

3.11.5.4. H s p lc b ng, kp

35
33
29
26
17

35

Tiu chun thit k cu

i vi t khng dnh gi tr ca h s p lc b ng c th ly t Hnh 1 cho cho trng hp

tng nghing hoc thng ng v nn p bng hoc t Hnh 2 cho trng hp tng thng ng
v nn p dc. i vi iu kin khc vi nhng miu t trong Hnh1 v 2 p lc b ng c th
tnh bng cch s dng phng php th da trn c s l thuyt lng th trt. Khi s dng l
thuyt lng th trt th gi tr gii hn ca gc ma st ca tng khng nn ly ln hn mt na
gc ni ma st, .
i vi t dnh p lc b ng c th xc nh theo:

p p = k p s g Z 10 9 + 2 c k p
trong :
=
pp

p lc t b ng (MPa)

s
z
c
kp

t trng ca t (kg/m3)
su tnh t mt t
dnh n v (MPa)
h s p lc b ng ly theo Hnh1 v 2 khi thch hp.

=
=
=
=

(3.11.5.4 -1)

36

Tiu chun thit k cu

H s gim (R) ca Kp theo cc t s - /

h s p lc b ng Kp

Mt ph hoi

Xon c
logarit
p lc b ng

Ghi ch : Cc ng cong c th
hin dng cho /= -1

Gc ni ma st theo

Hnh 3.11.5.4-1- Cch tnh p lc t b ng i vi tng nghing nn p bng

37

Tiu chun thit k cu

H s gim (R) cu Kp theo cc t s /

h s p lc b ng Kp

Mt ph hoi

Xon c logarit

p lc b ng

Ghi ch : Cc ng cong c th
hin dng cho /= -1

gc ni ma st

theo

Hnh 3.11.5.4-2- Cch tnh p lc t b ng i vi tng nghing, nn p dc

3.11.5.5. Phng php cht lng tng ng tnh p lc t

Phng php cht lng tng ng khng c dng khi t p khng thot nc c. Nu
khng tho mn tiu chun ny, phi dng cc quy nh ca cc iu 3.11.3; 3.11.5.1 v 3.11.5.3
tnh p lc t ngang.
Khi s dng phng php cht lng tng ng, p lc t c bn p (MPa) c th ly nh sau:
p = eq g Z (x 10-9)

(3.11.5.5-1)

38

Tiu chun thit k cu

trong
eq

t trng cht lng tng ng ca t, khng nh hn 480(kg/m3)

Tng hp ti trng t nm ngang do trng lng t p phi c gi thit l tc dng ti chiu cao
0,4H pha trn y tng chn, trong H l chiu cao ton b ca tng ly t mt t n y mng.
Khi phn tch t p dnh khng thot nc th p lc t phi tnh theo p lc cht lng tng ng.
Tr s chun ca t trng cht lng tng ng dng trong thit k tng c chiu cao khng vt qu
6000 mm c th ly theo Bng 1, trong :

chuyn v ca nh tng theo yu cu t c p lc ch ng nh nht hoc p lc

b ng ln nht do nghing hay chuyn dch ngang (mm)

chiu cao tng (mm)

gc nghing ca mt t p i vi tng thng nm ngang ()

ln ca thnh phn thng ng ca tng p lc t cho trng hp mt t p dc c th ly theo:

Pv = Ph tan i

(3.11.5.5-2)

Ph = 0,5eq gH2 (x 10-9)

(3.11.5.5-3)

trong :

Bng 3.11.5.5-1- Gi tr in hnh ca t trng cht lng tng ng ca t

Loi t
Ct hoc si cui xp

t p bng
Ngh
/H = 1/240
eq(kg/m3)
eq(kg/m3)
880
640

t p vi i = 250
Ngh
/H = 1/240
eq(kg/m3)
eq(kg/m3)
1040
800

Ct hoc si cui va

800

560

960

720

Ct hoc cui si cht

720

480

880

640

Ph sa cht (ML)

960

640

1120

800

t st gy cht (CL)

1120

720

1280

880

t st bo cht 9CH)

1280

880

1440

1040

3.11.5.6. p lc t biu kin ca tng neo

C th cho php gi thit v s phn b p lc t khc vi nhng trng hp y nu chng ph hp
vi un d kin ca tng.

39

Tiu chun thit k cu

i vi tng neo c mt lp neo th p lc t c th gi thit phn b tuyn tnh t l vi su v

phi p dng nhng quy nh trong cc iu 3.11.5.2, 3.11.5.3 v 3.11.5.4.
i vi tng c hai hoc nhiu lp neo th p lc t c th gi thit khng thay i theo chiu su.
i vi tng c xy dng t nh xung th p lc t c tnh nh Hnh 1, trong Pa c th
ly theo:
Pa = 0,65 x 10-9 ka 's gH2

(3.11.5.6-1)

trong :
H

chiu cao cui cng ca tng (mm)

ka

h s p lc t ch ng = tan2 (45o - f/2)

's

t trng hu hiu ca t (kg/m3)

Hnh 3.11.5.6-1 - Phn b p lc t biu kin ln tng vnh cu c hai hoc

nhiu lp neo c thi cng t nh xung

i vi tng c thi cng t p t y ln th ln tng hp lc phn b u theo hnh ch nht

c th gi thit bng 130% ca tng hp lc phn b tam gic c xc nh ph hp vi cc quy nh
ca iu 3.11.5.3.
Khi tm p lc thit k cho mt tng neo phi xt n cc chuyn v ca tng c th nh hng n
kt cu lin k v/hoc cc cng trnh k thut ngm.

3.11.5.7. p lc t ca tng t n nh c hc (MSE)

Hp lc trn n v chiu rng pha sau ca tng MSE th hin trn cc Hnh 1,2 v 3 c coi l tc
dng ti cao h/3 tnh t y tng phi c ly bng:
Pa = 0,5 x 10-9 s g h2 ka

(3.11.5.7-1)

trong :
Pa

hp lc trn n v chiu rng (N/mm)

t trng t p (kg/m3)

chiu cao gi nh ca s p lc t ngang ly theo cc Hnh 1, 2 v 3 (mm)

40

Tiu chun thit k cu

ka

h s p lc ch ng nh quy nh trong iu 3.11.5.3, vi gc taluy t p ly theo

quy nh trong Hnh 2 v 3 v gc ly bng 0,0.

H s p lc t trng thi ngh ko xc nh an ton chng ph hng kt cu c th ly nh sau:

k0 = 1- sin f

Khi t
gia cng

(3.11.5.7-2)

t lp bt k

Hnh 3.11.5.7-1 - Phn b p lc t trn tng MSE vi mt t p nm ngang

t lp bt k

t lp bt k

Khi t
gia cng

Khi t
gia cng

Hnh 3.11.5.7-2 - Phn b p lc t trn tng MSE vi mt t p dc

t lp bt k

Khi t gia
cng

Hnh 3.11.5.7-3 - Phn b p lc t trn tng MSE vi mt t p theo ng gy khc

3.11.6 . Ti trng cht thm ES v LS

41

Tiu chun thit k cu

3.11.6.1. Tng qut

Khi c mt ti trng cht thm phi b sung thm mt p lc t ngang khng i vo p lc t c bn
- p lc t khng i ny c th ly bng:
p = k s q s

(3.11.6.1-1)

trong :
p

p lc t ngang khng i do tc dng ca ti trng cht thm phn b u (MPa)

ks

h s p lc t do tc dng ca ti trng cht thm

qs

hot ti tc dng ln nht (MPa)

i vi p lc t ch ng ks phi ly bng ka , vi p lc t tnh ks phi ly bng ko. Ngoi ra i vi

loi t p v dch chuyn ca tng c th c th dng gi tr trung gian ph hp.
Phn b p lc ngang ln tng ph , tnh bng MPa, do di ti trng phn b u song song vi
tng c th ly bng:

ph =

2p

( sin cos( + 2 ))

(3.11.6.1-2)

y:
p

cng ti trng (MPa)

p (p lc)
gc c quy nh trong Hnh 1 (RAD)

gc c quy nh trong Hnh 1 (RAD)

p (p lc)

Hnh 3.11.6.1-1 - p lc ngang trn tng do di ti trng phn b u

Phn b p lc ngang ph ln tng, tnh bng MPa, do di ti trng tp trung c th ly bng:

ph =

P 3ZX 2 R(1 2 v )

R+Z
R 2 R 3

(3.11.6.1-3)

42

Tiu chun thit k cu

y:
P

ti trng (N)

c ly tia t im tc ng ca ti trng n mt im trn tng nh quy nh

Hnh 2 (mm)

c ly ngang t lng tng ti im tc ng ca ti trng (mm)

c ly ng t im tc ng ca ti trng ti cao ca mt im trn tng ang

xem xt (mm)

h s Poisson (DIM) (3.11.6.1)

trong

(p lc)

Hnh 3.11.6.1-2 - p lc ngang ln tng do mt ti trng tp trung

p lc ngang ph , tnh bng MPa, do mt ti trng tuyn di v hn song song vi tng c th
ly bng:

ph =

4Q X 2 Z
R4

y:
Q

cng ti trng N/mm

v cc k hiu khc nh xc nh trn v trong Hnh 3

(3.11.6.1-4)

43

Tiu chun thit k cu

(lc/ chiu di)

Hnh 3.11.6.1-3 - p lc ngang ln tng do mt ti trng tuyn di

v hn song song vi tng
Phn b p lc ngang ln tng ph , tnh bng MPa, do mt ti trng tuyn di hu hn thng gc
vi tng c th ly bng:

Q 1
1 2v
1
1 2v

ph =

+
Z B3
Z
Z A 3
A+
B+

X
X 1
2

(3.11.6.1-5)

trong :

Z
A = 1 + 1 +
X2

Z
B = 1 + 1 +
X1

(3.11.6.1-6)

(3.11.6.1-7)
(lc/chiu di)

y:
X1

c ly t sau tng n im u ca ti trong tuyn nh quy nh trong Hnh 4 (mm)

X2

chiu di ca hot ti (mm)

chiu su t mt t n im ang xem xt trn tng (mm)

h s Poisson (DIM)

cng ti trng (N/mm)

44

Tiu chun thit k cu

(lc / chiu di)

Hnh 3.11.6.1- 4 - p lc ngang ln tng gy ra bi ti trng tuyn tnh

c hn thng gc vi tng

3.11.6.2. Hot ti cht thm: LS

Hot ti cht thm phi c xt n khi ti trng xe tc dng trn mt t p trong phm vi mt on
bng chiu cao tng pha sau mt sau tng. i vi ng t cng ti trng phi ly ph hp
vi cc quy nh ca iu 3.6.1.2. Nu ti trng cht thm khc vi ng t thch u t phi quy
nh v/hoc chp nhn mt hot ti cht thm ph hp.
S tng p lc ngang do hot ti cht thm c th tnh theo:

p = k s g heq (x 10-9)

(3.11.6.2-1)

trong :

p lc t ngang khng i do tc dng ca hot ti cht thm phn b u (MPa)

t trng ca t (kg/m3)

h s p lc t

heq

chiu cao t tng ng vi xe ti thit k (mm).

Chiu cao t tng ng cho ti trng ng t, heq c th ly t Bng 1. i vi chiu cao tng
trung gian phi dng ni suy tuyn tnh.
Chiu cao tng phi ly bng khong cch t mt t p n y b mng.

Bng 3.11.6.2-1 - Chiu cao tng ng ca t dng cho ti trng xe

Chiu cao tng (mm)
1500
3000
6000
9000

heq (mm)
1700
1200
760
610

45

Tiu chun thit k cu

3.11.6.3. Chit gim ti trng

Nu ti trng xe chuyn qua mt bn c bi cc b phn khc ngoi t th c th c php chit
gim ti trng.
3.11.7. Chit gim p lc t
i vi cng v cu v cc b phn ca chng khi p lc t c th gim tc dng bi cc ti trng hay
lc khc, s chit gim phi c gii hn trong phm vi p lc t c th c coi l tc dng
thng xuyn. Khi thiu s liu chnh xc hn, c th chit gim 50% nhng khng c t hp vi h
s ti trng nh nht c xc nh trong Bng 3.4.1-2.
3.11.8. Lc ko xung (xt ma st m)
ng lc do tc ng ko xung i vi cc hay cc khoan do ln ca khi t tip gip vi cc hay cc
khoan phi c xc nh theo cc quy nh ca Phn 10.
3.12. ng lc do bin dng cng bc: TU, TG, SH, CR, SE
3.12.1. Tng qut
Ni lc trong cu kin do tc dng ca t bin v co ngt phi c xt n. Hiu ng ca gradien
nhit cn c a vo mt cch tha ng. Trong phn tch cng phi a vo ng lc do bin dng
ca cu kin chu lc, chuyn v ca im tc dng ca ti trng v chuyn dch ca gi.
3.12.2. Nhit phn b u

3.12.2.1. Bin nhit cu

Nhit cao nht v thp nht bnh qun ca cu phi ly nh quy nh trong Bng1. tnh ton
hiu lc lc bin dng nhit phi ly chnh lch gia nhit cao nht v thp nht bnh qun
ca cu vi nhit thi cng c gi thit trong thit k.
Bin nhit cho trong Bng 1 p dng cho sn cu cao ti 2m vi lp mt dy 100mm i vi
sn cu b tng v 40mm i vi sn cu thp. Khi dng sn cu cao hn hoc chiu dy lp mt
khc th cn sa li bin nhit cho ph hp.

Bng 3.12.2.1-1- Bin nhit cu

Vng kh hu
Bc v 16oB
(o Hi Vn)*
Nam v 16oB
(o Hi Vn)

Kt cu b tng
+5o C n +47o C

Mt cu b tng trn
dm hoc hp thp
+1o C n +55o C

Mt cu thp trn
dm hoc hp thp
-3o C n +63o C

+10o C n +47o C

+6o C n +55o C

+2o C n +63o C

* Ghi ch: i vi cc a im pha bc v 16o B v cao cao hn mt bin trn 700m

nhit thp nht trong bng phi tr bt 5o C.

46

Tiu chun thit k cu

3.12.2.2. Nhit lp t
Nhit lp t cu hay b phn ca cu oc ly theo tr s trung bnh thc t ca nhit khng
kh trong 24 gi ngay trc khi tin hnh lp t.

3.12.2.3. Bin nhit khng kh

Cc bin nhit ca cu quy nh trong Bng 3.12.2.1-1 l da trn bin nhit khng
kh trong bng rm 0o C dn 45oC pha bc v 16oB (o Hi Vn) v + 5oC n 45oC pha
nam v 16oB. Khi c s liu v nhit ca a im c th, c th dng xc nh nhit
khng kh trong bng rm cao nht v thp nht vi chu k 100 nm v nhit cu trong Bng
3.12.2.1-1 c th c sa li cho ph hp.
3.12.3. Gradien nhit
Cc tc ng ca gradien nhit khc nhau trong kt cu phn trn ca cu cn phi c ly t c
hai iu kin chnh nhit dng (mt trn nng hn) v chnh nhit m (mt trn lnh hn).
Gradien nhit theo chiu thng ng trong kt cu nhp b tng hay thp b tng lin hp c bn
mt cu bng b tng c th ly nh trong Hnh 1. Cc gi tr T1, T2 v T3 trong Hnh 1 c cho
trong Bng 1 cho c hai trng hp chnh nhit dng v m. Kch thc A trong Hnh 1 c
ly nh sau:

300 mm cho kt cu nhp BTCT c chiu cao 400 mm hay ln hn

i vi mt ct BTCT c chiu cao thp hn 400 mm th ly nh hn chiu cao thc t 100 mm

i vi kt cu nhp thp b tng lin hp c ly t phi ly bng chiu dy bn mt cu bng

b tng.

i vi kt cu phn trn gm mt cu bng thp v dm hoc hp thp gradien nhit phi c

xc nh bng mt phng php c tha nhn v c ch u t chp nhn.
Gradien nhit cho trong Bng 1 dng cho mt cu c lp ph dy 100 mm. Khi dng chiu dy lp
ph khc i th cc gi tr cn sa li cho ph hp.
Khi phi tnh n gradien nhit th ng sut ni v bin dng ca kt cu do c gradien nhit
dng v m c th c xc nh theo cc quy nh ca iu 4.6.6.

ch vi kt cu
dm thp
chiu cao
kt cu
phn trn

47

Tiu chun thit k cu

Hnh 3.12.3-1. Gradiend nhit trong phng thng ng trong kt cu nhp thp v b tng
Bng 3.12.3-1- Gradient nhit
Thng s
T1
T2
T3

Gradien nhit dng

+23
+6
+3

Gradien nhit m
-7
-1
0

3.12.4. Co ngt khc nhau

ni thch hp, ng bin do co ngt khc nhau gia b tng c tui v thnh phn khc nhau, gia b
tng v thp phi c xc nh theo cc quy nh ca Phn 5.
3.12.5. T bin
ng bin do t bin ca b tng phi ph hp vi cc quy nh ca Phn 5. Khi xc nh ng lc v
bin dng do t bin phi xt n s ph thuc theo thi gian v nhng thay i ca ng sut nn.
3.12.6. ln
Phi xt n ng lc do cc gi tr cc hn ca ln khc nhau gia cckt cu phn di v trong
phm vi cc n nguyn kt cu phn di. Tnh ton ln c th c tin hnh theo cc quy nh
ca iu 10.7.2.3.
3.13. Lc ma st: FR
Lc do ma st chung gi cu phi c xc nh trn c s ca gi tr cc i ca h s ma st gia cc
mt trt. Khi thch hp phi xt n tc ng ca m v kh nng gim phm cht hoc nhim bn
ca mt trt hay xoay i vi h s ma st.
3.14. Va ca tu thuyn: CV
3.14.1. Tng qut
Tt c cc cu vt qua ng giao thng thu phi c thit k xt tu thuyn va vi kt cu
phn di v khi thch hp c vi kt cu phn trn. Cc cu phi:

Thit k chu c lc va ca tu v/hoc

Phi c bo v y bi vt chn, chng va, h o, o hoc cc thit b c th b i khc

Ch u t phi thit lp v/hoc duyt tu thuyn thit k, vn tc thit k v bt k yu cu ring

no cho cu vi s phi hp ca Cc ng sng Vit nam hoc Cc hng hi Vit nam khi thch
hp. Trong iu ny ra nhng yu cu ti thiu, c tnh khuyn ngh, v tu thuyn thit k,
vn tc thit k v tc dng ca cc lc va.
Ch u t phi quy nh hoc thng qua mc h hng ca cc cu kin cu, bao gm cc h
thng phng v chng .

48

Tiu chun thit k cu

Khi xc nh ti trng va ca tu v mc h hng cho php phi xt n:

Kch thc, loi hnh, iu kin cht ti v tn sut ca tu s dng ng thu;

Cc vn tc in hnh ca tu khi di chuyn trn ng thu v s bin i theo ma ca dng chy;

V tr cc tr trn cc lung thng thng;

su nc v s bin i theo ma ca n;

S p ng kt cu ca cu i vi lc va; v

Tm quan trng v kinh t v chin lc ca cu trn mng ng b.

3.14.2. Tu thit k
Tu thit k c xt cho cc cp ng sng khc nhau cho trong Bng 1. Kch thc v trng ti cc
tu thit k cho trong Bng 2. C hai bng cho nhng yu cu ti thiu, c tnh khuyn ngh thit k
va tu; nh c m t trong iu 3.14.1, tnh hnh ring ca mi cng trnh nn c xem xt v cc
c trng ca tu nn sa i nu cn. i vi cc cu gn cng hoc ca sng cn c xem xt c
bit, ni m chiu rng lung v chiu su nc c th cho php cc tu ln hn rt nhiu so vi cc tu
cho trong cc Bng 1 v 2.

Bng 3.14.2-1 -Tu thit k cho cc cp ng sng

Cp ng sng

Tn trng ti ca tu thit k (DWT)

Tu t hnh
S lan ko
2000
500
1000
500
300
400
200
400
100
100
40
100

I
II
III
IV
V
VI

Bng 3.14.2-2 - Kch thc tu thit k

DWT (t)

Chiu di ln nht
(LOA) (m)
Chiu rng
ln nht (m)
Mn nc y ti
(m)

Tu t hnh

S lan ko

2000

1000

300

200

100

40

500

400

100

90

75

38

34

15

40

41

27

12

10,5

7,0

6,6

10

11,2

6,4

3,5

2,8

2,2

1,7

1,0

0,8

1,7

1,3

1,0

i vi cu nhiu nhp, ni cc phn cu xa lung thng thuyn chnh hoc i qua on nc

nng hn, c th xt loi tu thit k nh hn i vi cc phn cu theo s chp thun ca ch
u t. Cc phn cu trn sng vi mc nc cao nht bnh qun nm khng su qu 600mm th khng
cn xt. Vi cc cu ln phng php lun xc sut m t trong iu 3.14.5 ca Tiu chun thit k cu
AASHTO LRFD ln xut bn th hai (1998) c th c dng xc nh tu thit k.
3.14.3. Vn tc va thit k

49

Tiu chun thit k cu

Vn tc va thit k V c tnh khuyn ngh dng cho mi loi tu thit k phi ly nh trong
Bng 1, trong :
VS

vn tc bnh qun nm ca dng chy lin k b phn cu c xem xt (m/s)

Bng 3.14.3-1- Vn tc va thit k cho tu thit k

Tu thit k

Tu t hnh 1000 DWT

Tu t hnh < 1000 DWT
S lan ko

Vn tc va thit k (m/s)

3,3 +VS
2,5 +VS
1,6 +VS

i vi cu nhiu nhp, ni cc b phn cu xa lung thng thuyn chnh c th xt loi vn tc

va thit k thp hn i vi cc phn cu theo s chp thun ca Ch u t. Vi cc cu ln
phng php lun c m t trong iu 3.14.6 ca tiu chun thit k cu AASHTO LRFD ln
xut bn th hai (1998) c th c dng xc nh tc va thit k.

50

Tiu chun thit k cu

3.14.4. Nng lng va tu

ng nng ca tu chuyn ng c hp th trong qu trnh va chm khng lch tm vi tr cu c
ly nh sau:
KE = 500 CHMV2

(3.14.4-1)

trong :
KE

nng lng va tu (joule)

lng r nc ca tu (Mg)

CH

h s khi lng thy ng hc

vn tc va tu (m/s)

Khi lng ca tu M phi da trn iu kin cht hng ca tu v phi bao gm khi lng khng ti
ca tu cng vi khi lng hng i vi tu c ti hoc khi lng nc dn i vi tu khng ti hoc
t ti. Khi lng ca x lan ko phi l tng ca khi lng ca tu ko/y v khi lng ca dy x
lan trong chiu di ko.
H s khi lng thy ng hc CH phi ly theo:

Nu tnh khng di sng tu vt qu 0,5 ln mn nc:

CH = 1,05

(3.14.4-2)

Nu tnh khng di sng tu t hn 0,1 ln mn nc:

CH = 1,25

(3.14.4-3)

Gi tr ca CH c th ni suy t phm vi trn cho cc gi tr trung gian ca tnh khng di sng tu.
Tnh khng di sng tu phi ly bng khong cch gia y tu v y lung.
3.14.5. Lc va tu vo tr
Lc va m thng u tu vo tr phi c ly nh sau:

PS = 1.2x105 V DWT
trong :
Ps

lc va tu tnh tng ng (N)

DWT =

tn trng ti ca tu (Mg)

vn tc va tu (m/s)

3.14.6. Chiu di h hng ca mi tu

Chiu di nm ngang ca mi tu b bp bi va chm vi vt cng phi c ly nh sau:

(3.14.5-1)

51

Tiu chun thit k cu

KE

as = 1.54x103
Ps

(3.14.6-1)

trong :
as

chiu di h hng ca mi tu (mm)

KE

nng lng va ca tu (joule)

Ps

lc va ca tu c xc nh theo Phng trnh 3.14.5-1 (N)

3.14.7. Lc va ca tu ln kt cu phn trn

3.14.7.1. Va vi mi tu
Lc va ca mi tu ln kt cu phn trn phi c ly theo:
PBH = RBHPs

(3.14.7.1-1)

trong :
PBH

lc va ca mi tu ln kt cu phn trn b l (N)

RBH

t s ca chiu cao kt cu phn trn b l trn tng chiu cao mi tu

Ps

lc va ca tu ly theo Phng trnh 3.14.5-1 (N)

V mc ch ca iu ny, phn b l l on ng chp nhau gia tu v kt cu phn trn ca cu vi

chiu cao ca vng va chm.

3.14.7.2. Va vi ca bin tu
Lc va chm ca ca bin tu vi kt cu phn trn phi c ly nh sau:
PDH = RDHPs

(3.14.7.2-1)

trong :
PDH

lc va ca ca bin tu (N)

RDH

h s chit gim c xc nh y

Ps

lc va ca tu nh quy nh trong phng trnh 3.14.5.1 (N)

i vi tu vt qu 100 000 DWT, RDH phi ly bng 0,10. i vi tu nh hn 100 000 DWT th h
s chit gim phi ly theo:

DWT

100 000

RDH = 0,2 - 0,10

(3.14.7.2-2)

3.14.7.3. Va vi ct tu
Lc va ca ct tu vi kt cu phn trn phi c ly theo:

PMT = 0,10 PDH

(3.14.7.3-1)

52

Tiu chun thit k cu

trong :
PMT

lc va ca ct tu (N)

PDH

lc va ca ca bin tu quy nh trong Phng trnh 3.14.7.2-1 (N)

3.14.8. Lc va ca s lan vo tr
Lc va N vo tr do s lan sng phi c ly nh sau:

Nu aB < 100 mm th:

B

PB = 6,0 x 104 aB

(3.14.8-1)

PB = 6,0 x 106 + 1600 aB

(3.14.8-2)

Nu aB 100 mm th:
B

trong :
PB

lc va tnh tng ng ca s lan (N)

aB

chiu di h hng ca mi x lan quy nh trong Phng trnh 3.14.9.1 (mm)

3.14.9. Chiu di h hng ca mi s lan

Chiu di b h hng theo ng nm ngang ca mi s lan sng phi c ly theo:

a B = 3100( 1 + 1,3x10 7 KE 1)

(3.14.9-1)

trong :
aB

chiu di h hng ca mi x lan (mm)

KE

nng lng va ca tu (joule)

3.14.10. H hng trng thi gii hn c bit

Cho php h hng hoc sp cc b cc b phn ca kt cu phn di v kt cu phn trn min l:

trng thi gii c bit hn cc b phn cn li ca kt cu cn do v d ngn chn

s sp ca kt cu phn trn, v

Cc b phn kt cu b h hng c th kim tra v sa cha mt cch tng i khng phc tp.

C th lm kt cu bo v tr cu nh mt cch khc loi tr hoc gim bt ti trng va ca tu

thuyn vo kt cu cu mc chp nhn c.
3.14.11. Tc dng ca lc va

3.14.11.1. Thit k kt cu phn di

53

Tiu chun thit k cu

Khi thit k kt cu phn di lc tnh tng ng song song v thng gc vi ng tim ca lung
vn ti phi c tc dng ring bit nh sau:

100% lc va thit k trong phng song song vi ng tim lung vn ti,

hoc 50% ca lc va thit k trong phng thng gc vi ng tim lung vn ti.

Tt c b phn ca kt cu phn di l ra c th tip xc vi bt k phn no ca v tu hay mi

tu u phi c thit k chu c ti trng va. Khi xc nh b phn tip xc l ra ca kt cu
phn di vi tu thuyn phi xt n mi tu nh ra, khong nghing hoc thon ca tu v s lan.
Cng phi xt n s va ca mi tu gy nn tip xc vi bt k phn lm no ca kt cu phn di.
Trong hai trng hp thit k y lc va phi tc dng vo kt cu phn di ph hp vi cc gii hn
sau y:

tnh n nh tng th, lc va thit k c coi l mt lc tp trung tc dng ln kt cu phn

di mc nc cao trung bnh hng nm ca ng thy nh trong Hnh 1.

tnh lc va cc b, lc va thit k c tc dng nh mt ti trng tuyn thng ng phn b

u dc theo chiu cao ca mi tu nh trong Hnh 2. Mi tu c coi l nghing v pha trc khi
xc nh din tch tip xc tim tng ca lc va vi kt cu phn di. i vi va s lan, lc va cc
b c coi nh mt ti trng tuyn thng ng phn b u trn mi s lan nh trong Hnh 3.

Mn c ti/chy dn

Hnh 3.14.11.1-1 - Lc va tp trung ca tu ln tr

Mn c ti/chy dn

Hnh 3.14.11.1-2 - Ti trng va tu dng tuyn ln tr

54

Tiu chun thit k cu

Mnc
cti/
ti/mn
khngti
ti
mn
mn khng

Hnh 3.14.11.1-3 - Lc va ca s lan ln tr

3.14.11.2. Thit k kt cu phn trn

Khi thit k kt cu phn trn, lc va thit k phi tc dng nh mt lc tnh ngang tng ng ln b
phn kt cu nhp theo chiu song song vi ng tim lung vn ti.
3.14.11. Bo v kt cu phn di
Kt cu bo v c th c xy dng loi tr hoc lm gim va chm ca tu thuyn vi phn l ra
ca kt cu phn di ca cu bao gm m chn, nhm cc, kt cu trn cc, chng va, o v
kt cu hn hp ca chng.
C th cho php h thng bo v b h hng nng hoc sp min l cc kt cu ny chn c tu
trc khi va vo tr cu hoc chuyn hng tu i ra khi phm vi tr.

Tiu chun thit k cu

79

Phn 4 - Phn tch v nh gi kt cu

4.1. phm vi
Phn ny m t cc phng php phn tch thch hp thit k v nh gi cc loi cu, nhng ch
gii hn trong vic m hnh ho kt cu v xc nh tc ng ca lc (hiu ng lc).
Cng c th s dng cc phng php phn tch khc da trn cc tnh cht vt liu c a ra trong
cc ti liu v tho mn iu kin cn bng v tnh tng hp.
Nhn chung, cc kt cu cu c phn tch trn c s tnh n hi. Tuy nhin, phn ny cho php phn
tch khng n hi hoc phn b li hiu ng lc trong mt s kt cu nhp dm lin tc. N quy nh
r vic phn tch khng n hi i vi cc cu kin chu nn lm vic trng thi khng n hi v
c coi nh l mt trng hp ca cc trng thi gii hn c bit (cc hn).
4.2. cc nh ngha
Phng php phn tch c chp nhn - Phng php phn tch khng i hi vic xc minh li v
tr thnh thng dng trong thc t k thut kt cu cng trnh.
T s mt ct - T s gia chiu di v chiu rng ca hnh ch nht
Cc iu kin bin - Cc c trng hn ch kt cu v lin kt gi v/hoc tnh lin tc gia cc m
hnh kt cu
ng bao - Ly 2 hoc nhiu hn cc cc tr ca cc tham s v ng bao c trng nhm t
c mt thit k thin v an ton..
Phng php bin dng c in - Phng php phn tch trong kt cu c chia thnh cc thnh
phn m cng ca chng c th c tnh mt cch c lp. iu kin cn bng v tnh tng hp
gia cc thnh phn c bo m bng cch xc nh bin dng ti cc giao din.
Phng php lc c in - Phng php phn tch trong kt cu c chia thnh cc thnh phn tnh nh
v tnh tng hp gia cc thnh phn c bo m bng cch xc nh lc ti cc giao din.
Phng php gii ng dn - Mt hoc nhiu phng trnh, bao gm c nhng phng trnh da trn
cc chui hi t cho php tnh ton cc hiu ng lc bng cch a trc tip ti trng v cc tham s
kt cu vo phng trnh.
Tnh tng hp (iu kin tng thch) - S tng ng hnh hc ca chuyn ng ti giao din ca
cc thnh phn c ni vi nhau.
Thnh phn - Mt n v kt cu i hi thit k ring bit, t ny ng ngha vi t cu kin.

Tiu chun thit k cu

80

Php kh dn - Qu trnh lm gim s phng trnh phi gii bng cch to mi lin h gia cc bin
s phi kh dn nh vic phn tch cc bin s gi li.
Chiu rng ca li - Chiu rng kt cu nhp lin khi tr i phn hng ca bn mt cu.
Mt cu - Cu kin, c hoc khng c lp o ng, trc tip chu ti trng ca bnh xe
H mt cu - Kt cu phn trn, trong mt cu l mt th thng nht vi cc cu kin , hoc khi
m tc ng hoc bin dng ca cc cu kin c nh hng ng k n s lm vic ca mt cu.
Bin dng - S thay i hnh hc ca kt cu do tc dng ca lc, bao gm chuyn v dc trc,
chuyn v ct hoc xoay.
Bc t do - Mt trong s nhng chuyn dch tnh tin hoc chuyn v xoay cn thit xc nh
chuyn ng ca mt nt. Dng dch chuyn ca cc cu kin v/ hoc ton b kt cu c th c xc
nh bng s bc t do.
Thit k - Vic xc nh kch thc v b tr cu to cc cu kin v lin kt ca cu nhm tho mn
cc yu cu ca cc Tiu chun k thut.
Bc t do ng - Bc t do trong khi lng hoc hiu ng ca khi lng c xt n.
n hi - S lm vic ca vt liu kt cu trong t l gia ng sut v bin dng l hng s, v khi
lc thi tc dng th vt liu quay tr li trng thi ban u nh khi cha chu ti.
Phn t - Mt phn ca cu kin hoc b phn c cu to ch bng mt loi vt liu.
Vng bin - Vng kt cu khng p dng c l thuyt thng thng v dm do tnh gin on ca
kt cu v/hoc do phn b ca ti trng tp trung.
Trng thi cn bng - Trng thi c tng lc v m men i vi bt k im no trong khng gian
u bng khng.
Dm tng ng - Dm gin n cong hoc thng chu c c tc ng ca lc xon v un.
Di tng ng - Mt phn t tuyn tnh nhn to c tch ra t mt cu phn tch, trong
hiu ng ca lc cc tr tnh cho mt ng ca ti trng bnh xe, theo phng ngang hoc dc, s xp
x bng cc ti trng ny xut hin tht trn mt cu.
Phng php sai phn hu hn - Phng php phn tch trong phng trnh vi phn khng ch
c tho mn ch cc im ring bit ca kt cu.
Phng php phn t hu hn - Phng php phn tch trong kt cu c tch ra thnh cc phn
t ni vi nhau ti cc nt, dng ca trng chuyn v ca cc phn t c gi nh, tnh tng hp
mt phn hoc y s c duy tr gia giao din ca cc phn t, v cc chuyn v nt c xc
nh bng cch s dng nguyn l bin i nng lng hoc phng php cn bng
Phng php di hu hn - Phng php phn tch trong kt cu c chia thnh cc di nh
song song, dng chuyn v ca di c gi nh v tnh tng hp tng phn c duy tr gia cc giao
din ca cc phn t. cc tham s chuyn v ca m hnh c xc nh bng cch s dng nguyn l
bin i nng lng hoc phng php cn bng.

Tiu chun thit k cu

81

Phng php bn gp - Phng php phn tch trong kt cu c chia thnh cc bn thnh phn
v c hai yu cu v iu kin cn bng v tnh tng hp c tho mn ti cc giao din gia cc
phn t.
Vt bnh xe - Din tch tip xc gia bnh xe v mt ng
Hiu ng lc - Bin dng, ng sut hoc hp lc, c ngha l lc dc trc, lc ct, m men un v m
men xon gy ra do ti trng to nn bin dng hoc thay i th tch.
Nn mng - Cu kin c c sc khng bng cch truyn ti trng ca n ln nn t hoc nn .
Tc ng khung - Tnh lin tc ngang gia bn mt cu v bn bng ca mt ct ngang rng hoc gia
bn mt cu v cc cu kin chu lc chnh ca cc cu rng.
Tc ng khung i vi gi - S un ngang ca bn bng dm v ca phn ging khung nu c, nh
vy m ti trng gi ngang c truyn mt phn hoc ton b ln bn mt cu.
S phn tch tng th - S phn tch kt cu nh mt tng th
V tr khng ch - V tr v hng ca ti trng tc thi gy ra tc ng cc tr ca hiu ng lc.
Phng php mng dm tng ng - Phng php phn tch m trong ton b hoc mt phn
ca kt cu phn trn c tch thnh cc phn t trc hng i din cho cc c trng ca kt cu.
Tnh khng n hi - Mi trng thi lm vic ca kt cu m t l gia ng sut v bin dng
khng phi l mt hng s v mt phn ca bin dng vn tn ti sau khi d ti.
Hot ti ln xe - S t hp gia 2 trc ca xe hai trc vi ti trng phn b u, hoc s t hp ca xe
ti thit k v ti trng phn b u theo thit k.
L thuyt bin dng ln - Mi phng php phn tch m cc nh hng ca bin dng ln hiu ng
lc lun lun c xt ti
Nguyn tc n by - Tng m men tnh ti mt im tnh phn lc im th hai.
ng x tuyn tnh - S lm vic ca kt cu trong bin dng t l thun vi ti trng
Phn tch cc b - S nghin cu theo chiu cao mt ct v quan h ng sut v bin dng bn trong
cu kin hoc gia cc cu kin bng cch s dng cc hiu ng lc tnh ton c t nhng phn
tch tng th hn
B phn, cu kin - Nh nh ngha v cu kin.
Phng php phn tch - Phng php dng ton hc xc nh bin dng, lc v ng sut.

Tiu chun thit k cu

82

M hnh - S l tng ho theo vt l hoc ton hc ca kt cu hoc mt b phn ca n

phn tch.
Kt cu lin khi - Cc cu mt hp thp v/hoc mt hp b tng kt cu nhp cu b tng c ti ch
c hoc rng, v kt cu nhp cu c sn bao gm cc phn t dc c hoc rng c lin kt cht
vi nhau bng cch to d ng lc cng sau theo chiu ngang.
Nt - im m cc phn t hu hn hoc cc cu kin ca h mng dm gp nhau. Trong phng
php sai phn hu hn, nt l mt im m phng trnh vi phn c bn c tho mn.
ng x phi tuyn - S lm vic ca kt cu khi m vng khng t l thun vi ti trng do ng sut
trong phm vi khng n hi, hoc vng gy ra s thay i kh ln v hiu ng lc, hoc do kt
hp c hai tnh hung trn.
Trc hng - Vt th m theo hai hoc nhiu phng vung gc vi nhau th c tnh cht vt l
khc nhau.
Nt dn - im m ng tim ca cc cu kin giao nhau, thng gp dn, vm, cu dy xin
v cu dy vng.
Lin kt cht - Lin kt gia cc cu kin ti mt im bng cht coi nh khng c ma st.
iu kin bin cht - iu kin bin cho php quay t do, nhng khng cho php tnh tin trong mt
phng tc dng.
im un ngc - im m ti chiu ca m men un thay i; ng ngha vi t im un.
Xe chun xp hng - Dy trc s dng nh mt c s chung th hin kh nng chu ti ca cu.
cng - Hiu ng lc sinh ra bi bin dng n v tng ng trn n v chiu di ca cu kin.
Mmen th cp - Cc mmen c sinh ra trong kt cu siu tnh do tc ng ca ko sau.
Chui hoc Phng php iu ho - Phng php phn tch trong m hnh ti trng c phn
chia thnh cc phn nh thch hp, nhng phn nh vy tng ng vi mt s hng ca chui v hn
hi t, nh cc bin dng ca kt cu c m t.
Gc cho - Gc gia ng tim ca gi v ng thng vung gc vi tim ng.
L thuyt bin dng nh - C s cho phng php phn tch m trong c th b qua nh hng ca
bin dng n cc hiu ng lc trong kt cu.
Khong cch gia cc dm - Khong cch tim ti tim ca cc ng gi
Dm phn b - Nhng dm khng c tip xc vt l trc tip, mt cu b tng c ti ch.
cng - Hiu ng lc pht sinh t bin dng n v.
ng bin - gin di trn mt n v chiu di.

Tiu chun thit k cu

83

Bin ca ng sut - chnh i s gia cc ng sut cc tr.

M hnh con - Thnh phn cu thnh ca m hnh kt cu tng th.
Bin dng cng bc - Tc ng ca ln, t bin v thay i nhit v/hoc m.
Xe Tandem - Xe c hai trc vi trng lng bng nhau, t k st nhau v ni cng vi nhau
Ti trng bnh xe - Mt na ca ti trng thit k ca trc xe.
ng chy do - ng khp ni do.
Phng php ng chy do - Phng php phn tch trong mt s th ng chy do c th
c c xem xt xc nh kh nng chu ti trng.
4.3. k hiu
A
As
a

=
=
=

B
b

=
=

be

bo

bm

bn

bs

C
Cm
C1
D
Dx
Dy
d
de

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

do
E
EMOD

=
=
=

din tch dm, dm dc hoc b phn kt cu (mm2) (4.6.2.2.1)

din tch tng cng ca cc sn tng cng (mm2) (4.6.2.6.4)
chiu di vng chuyn tip ca b rng bn cnhdm hu hiu ca dm hp b tng
(mm); c ly gia cc cu kin tng cng dc, hoc b rng sn cng trong mt cu
thp trc hng (mm) (4.6.2.6.2) (4.6.2.6.4)
khong cch gia cc dm ngang (mm) (4.6.2.6.4)
chiu di lp xe (mm), b rng dm (mm), b rng bn cnhdm o v mi pha ca
bn bng dm (mm) (4.6.2.1.8) ( 4.6.2.6.2)
b rng bn cnhh hiu tng ng vi v tr c th ca tng phn on nhp ang
xt quy nh hnh 1 (mm) (4.6.2.6.2)
b rng bn bng dm chiu ln mt phng trung tuyn ca kt cu nhp cu (mm)
(4.6.2.6.2)
b rng bn cnhhu hiu cho phn on pha trong ca nhp xc nh theo hnh 2:
Trng hp c bit ca be (mm) (4.6.2.6.2)
b rng bn cnhhu hiu i vi cc lc php tuyn tc dng ti vng neo (mm)
(4.6.2.6.2)
b rng bn cnhhu hiu ti cc gi pha trong hoc i vi bn cnh hng nh
c xc nh theo Hnh 2: Trng hp c bit ca be (mm) (4.6.2.6.2)
h s lin tc; Tham s cng (4.6.2.1.8) (4.6.2.2.1)
h s gradien ca mmen (4.5.3.2.2b)
tham s ca cc gi cho (4.6.2.2.2e)
Dx/Dy, b rng phn b trn 1 ln (mm) (4.6.2.1.8) (4.6.2.2.1)
cng chng un theo phng ca cc thanh ct thp ch (N.mm2/mm) (4.6.2.1.8)
cng chng un thng gc vi cc thanh ct thp ch (N.mm2/mm) (4.6.2.1.8)
chiu cao ca dm hoc dm dc ph (mm) (4.6.2.2.1)
khong cch gia bn bn bng pha ngoi ca dm bin v mp trong ca va
hoc ro chn giao thng (mm) (4.6.2.2.1)
chiu cao ca kt cu nhp (mm) (4.6.2.2.2)
m un n hi (MPa); b rng tng ng (mm) (4.5.3.2.2b) (4.6.2.3)
m un n hi ca cp, c ci bin cho cc hiu ng phi tuyn (MPa) (4.6.3.7)

Tiu chun thit k cu

eg
fc

=
=

f2b
f2s
g
H
H, H1,H2
l
lp
ls
J
K

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

Kg
k
ks
L

=
=
=
=

L1

L2
li
lu

=
=
=

Mc

MM
M1b

=
=

M2b

M2s

M2s

84

h s iu chnh phn b ti trng, khong cch sn trong mt cu thp trc

hng (mm) (4.6.2.6.4)
khong cch gia cc trng tm ca dm v mt cu (mm) (4.6.2.2.1)
ng sut tnh ton nhn h s , c hiu chnh tnh cc hiu ng lc th
cp (MPa) (4.5.3.2.2.2b)
ng sut tng ng vi M2b (MPa) (4.5.3.2.2.2b)
ng sut tng ng vi M2s (MPa) (4.5.3.2.2.2b)
h s phn b (4.6.2.2.1)
chiu cao trung bnh ca kt cu phn di gi ang c xt (mm) (4.7.4.4)
thnh phn nm ngang ca lc cp (N) (4.6.3.7)
m men qun tnh (mm4) (4.5.3.2.2b)
m men qun tnh cc (mm4) (4.6.2.2.1)
m men qun tnh ca di tng ng (mm4) (4.6.2.1.5)
hng s xon St. Venant (mm4) (4.6.2.2.1)
h s chiu di hu hiu cho sn vm: hng s i vi cc loi kt cu khc
nhau: h s chiu di hu hiu ca ct (4.5.3.2.2b) (4.6.2.2.1) (4.6.2.5)
tham s ca cng dc (mm4) (4.6.2.2.1)
h s s dng tnh ton h s phn b cho cc cu nhiu dm (4.6.2.2.1)
h s cng ca di (N/mm) (4.6.2.1.5)
chiu di nhp ca bn mt cu (mm), chiu di nhp (mm), chiu di nhp ca
dm (mm) (4.6.2.1.8) (4.6.2.2.1)
chiu di nhp c sa i ly bng gi tr nh nht trong 2 gi tr hoc chiu
di nhp thc t hoc 18000 (mm) (4.6.2.3)
khong cch gia cc im un ca dm ngang (mm) (4.6.2.6.4)
chiu di nhp tng ng (4.6.2.6.2)
chiu di t do ca thanh chu nn (mm); 1/2 chiu di ca sn vm (mm)
(4.5.3.2.2b) (4.5.3.2.2c)
mmen do hot ti trn kt cu kiu h mng dm c lp y mt phn hoc
ton phn (N.mm/mm) (4.6.2.1.8).
m men tnh ton nhn h s , c hiu chnh xt cc hiu ng th cp
(N-mm); (4.5.3.2.2b)
phng php n hi nhiu dng (4.7.4.3.1)
m men u thanh c gi tr nh hn ca thanh chu nn do ti trng trng lc
sinh ra khng b on nhiu, mang gi tr dng nu thanh b un theo ng cong
mt chiu , mang gi tr m nu b un theo ng cong hai chiu (N.mm)
(4.5.3.2.2b).
m men trn thanh chu nn do ti trng trng lc tnh ton ( nhn h s )
khng b on ln tnh theo phn tch khung n hi bc nht quy c, lun mang
gi tr dng (N.mm) (4.5.3.2.2b)
m men trn thanh chu nn do ti trng trng lc tnh ton hoc ti trng ngang
tnh ton( nhn h s) sinh ra on ln hn lu/1500, tnh theo phn tch
khung n hi bc nht quy c, lun mang gi tr dng (N.mm) (4.5.3.2.2b)
m men trn thanh chu nn do ti trng trng lc tnh ton hoc ti trng ngang
tnh ton ( nhn h s)sinh ra on ln hn lu/1500 tnh theo phn tch khung
n hi bc nht quy c, lun mang gi tr dng (N.mm) (4.5.3.2.2b)
chiu di ta ti thiu (mm) (4.7.4.4)

Tiu chun thit k cu

Nb
Nc
NL
n
P
Pe
Pu
p
r
S

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

Sb
SM
TH
t
tg
to
ts
W

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

We

W1

b
s

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

85

s dm, dm dc hay dm t hp (dn) (4.6.2.2.1)

s trong dm hp b tng (4.6.2.2.1)
s ln ng thit k (4.6.2.2.1)
t s m dun gia dm v mt cu (4.6.2.2.1)
ti trng trc xe (N) (4.6.2.1.3)
ti trng ti hn (on dc) le (N) (4.5.3.2.2b)
ti trng tnh ton ( nhn h s)dc trc (N) (4.5.3.2.2b)
p lc lp xe (MPa)(4.6.2.1.8)
h s chit gim tc dng ca lc dc trong cc cu cho (4.6.2.3)
khong cch ca cc cu kin (mm); khong cch ca cc dm hoc bn bng
dm (mm), xin ca gi o t ng thng vung gc vi nhp (DGE)
(4.6.2.1.3) (4.6.2.2.1) ( 4,7,4,4)
khong cch gia cc thanh ca mng dm (mm) (4.6.2.1.3)
phng php do dng n (4.7.4.3.1)
phng php lch s thi gian (4.7.4.3.1)
chiu dy ca bn bn cnhtrong mt cu thp trc hng (mm) (4.6.2.6.4)
chiu dy li thp hoc tm thp hnh ln sng (mm) (4.6.2.1.1)
chiu dy ca lp ph kt cu (mm) (4.6.2.2.1)
chiu dy ca bn b tng (mm) (4.6.2.2.1)
b rng t mp ti mp ca cu(mm); tng trng lc ca dy cp (N) (4.6.2.2.1)
(4.6.3.7)
mt na khong cch cc bn bng dm, cng vi tng cc phn hng (mm)
(4.6.2.2.1)
b rng mp ti mp iu chnh ca cu, ly bng gi tr nh nht trong hai
gi tr hoc b rng thc t hoc 1800 (mm) (4.6.2.3)
khong cch t ti trng n im gi ta (4.6.2.1.3)
gc gia dy cp v phng nm ngang (); (4.6.3.7)
m men hoc ng sut phng i cho s un ni (4.5.3.2.2b)
mo men hoc ng sut phng i cho s un khng ni (4.5.3.2.2b)
gc cho () (4.6.2.2.1)
h s Poisson (4.6.2.2.1)
h s khng cho nn dc trc; (4.5.3.2.2b)

4.4. Cc phng php phn tch kt cu c chp nhn

C th s dng bt c phng php phn tch kt cu no tho mn cc yu cu v iu kin cn
bng v tnh tng hp v s dng c mi lin h ng sut - bin dng cho loi vt liu ang
xt, chng bao gm cc phng php sau v danh sch ny cn c th m rng hn na:

Phng php chuyn v v phng php lc c in.

Phng php sai phn hu hn.

Phng php phn t hu hn.

Phng php bn gp

Phng php di bng hu hn

Phng php tng t mng dm

Phng php chui hoc cc phng php iu ho khc

Phng php ng chy do

Tiu chun thit k cu

86

Ngi thit k c trch nhim s dng cc chng trnh my tnh d phn tch kt cu v gii
trnh cng nh s dng cc kt qu.
Trong ti liu tnh ton v bo co thit k cn ch r tn, phin bn v ngy phn mm c a
vo s dng
4.5. M hnh ton hc
4.5.1. Tng qut
Cc m hnh ton hc phi bao gm ti trng, c trng hnh hc v tnh nng vt liu ca kt cu, v
khi thy thch hp, c nhng c trng ng x ca mng. Trong vic la chn m hnh, phi da vo
cc trng thi gii hn ang xt, nh lng,hiu ng lc ang xt v chnh xc yu cu.
Vic xem xt n cc lan can giao thng lin hp lin tc phi hn ch ch xt trong cc trng thi gii
hn khai thc v trng thi gii hn mi v trong nh gi kt cu, tr phi quy nh cho php khc.
Khng xt n cngca cc lan can, di tng phn cch gia v cc lan can giao thng khng
lin tc v mt kt cu trong khi phn tch kt cu.
Phi a cch th hin thch hp v t v/hoc lm mng cu vo trong m hnh ton hc ca
nn mng.
Khi thit k v ng t, phi xt n s chuyn ng tng th v s ho lng ca t.
4.5.2. S lm vic ca vt liu kt cu

4.5.2.1. n hi v khng n hi
Khi phn tch phi xt vt liu ca kt cu lm vic tuyn tnh cho n gii hn n hi ri sau
lm vic khng n hi.
i vi cc tc ng trng thi gii hn c bit c th xt trong phm vi c n hi v khng
n hi.

4.5.2.2. S lm vic n hi
Tnh cht v cc c tnh ca vt liu n hi phi ph hp vi cc quy nh trong cc Phn 5 v
6. S thay i cc gi tr ny do pht trin cng ca b tng non tui v cc tc ng ca mi
trng cn c a vo m hnh thch hp.
Cc c trng cng ca b tng v cc b phn lin hp phi da trn cc mt ct b nt
v/hoc khng b nt tu theo trng thi lm vic ca kt cu d kin. cng ca cu dm bn
c th da trn s tham gia ton phn ca bn mt cu bng b tng.

4.5.2.3. S lm vic khng n hi

Cc mt ct ca cu kin c kh nng bin dng khng n hi phi c th hin l c th bin
dng do bng s hn ch hoc bng cch khc. Khi s dng php phn tch khng n hi th
phi xc nh c cu ph hu d tnh trc v cc v tr khp s xut hin: Trong phn tch kt cu
phi xc nhn rng s ph hu do ct, do mt n nh khi un dc v do mt dnh kt trong cc b

Tiu chun thit k cu

87

phn kt cu ch xy ra sau khi hnh thnh c cu khng n hi khi un. Cn xt n s chu ti

qu mc d kin ca cu kin m trong khp do s hnh thnh .Phi xt n s ph v tnh
nguyn vn v hnh hc ca kt cu do cc bin dng ln.
M hnh khng n hi phi da trn hoc l kt qu th nghim vt l hoc da trn mi quan h
ti trng - bin dng thu c bng th nghim. ch no s lm vic khng n hi c th xut
hin bng bin php hn ch th cc mu th phi bao gm c cc phn t to ra cc hn ch .
ch no ni lc cc tr c d kin l lp li th vic th nghim cn phn nh bn cht chu k
ca chng.
Ngoi tr nhng ch c ghi ch, ng sut v bin dng phi da trn s phn b tuyn tnh ca
ng bin trong mt ct ngang ca cu kin hnh lng tr. Phi xt n bin dng do ct ca cc cu
kin cao. Khng c vt qu gii hn v bin dng b tng, nh nu trong Phn 5.
Phi xt s lm vic khng n hi ca cc cu kin chu nn ti bt c ch no thch hp.
4.5.3. Hnh hc

4.5.3.1. L thuyt bin dng nh

Nu bin dng ca kt cu khng to ra s thay i ng k ca ni lc do s tng lch tm ca
cc lc ko hoc nn th c th b qua ni lc ph thm ny.

4.5.3.2. L thuyt bin dng ln

4.5.3.2.1. Tng qut
Nu bin dng ca kt cu gy ra thay i ng k v hiu ng lc th phi xt cc tc ng ca
bin dng trong cc phng trnh v iu kin cn bng.
nh hng ca bin dng v tnh cht khng thng ca cc cu kin phi c xt khi phn tch v
n nh v cc phn tch v bin dng ln.
i vi cc cu kin mnh chu nn, trong phn tch phi xem xt nhng tnh cht vt liu ph
thuc vo thi gian v ng sut gy ra nhng thay i ng k v hnh hc kt cu.
Cc hiu ng tng tc ca cc lc nn v ko dc trc trong cc cu kin lin k nhau phi c
xem xt khi phn tch v khung v gin.
Phi dng ti trng tnh ton v khng p dng nguyn l cng tc dng ca hiu ng lc trong
phm vi khng tuyn tnh. Th t t ti trng trong phn tch khng tuyn tnh phi theo ng th
t t ti trn cu thc t.
4.5.3.2.2. Cc phng php tnh xp x
4.5.3.2.2a. Tng qut
nhng ch c php trong Phn 5 v 6, nhng nh hng ca bin dng i vi hiu ng lc
trn cc ct kiu dm (ct chu nn lch tm) v cc vm tho mn cc quy nh ca B Tiu
chun ny c th tnh xp x bng phng php iu chnh bc n, thng gi l phng php
phng i m men.

88

Tiu chun thit k cu

4.5.3.2.2b. S phng i m men - ct kiu dm:

M men hoc ng sut tnh ton c th c tng ln phn nh tc dng ca bin dng nh sau:
Mc = bM2b + sM2s
fc

= bf2b + sf2s

( 4.5.3.2.2b - 1)
( 4.5.3.2.2b - 2)

trong :

b =

b =

Cm
1.0
Pu
1
Pe
1

(4.5.3.2.2b - 3)

(4.5.3.2.2b - 4)

Pu
1
Pe

y:
Pu

ti trng tnh ton ( nhn h s) dc trc (N)

Pe

ti trng un dc ti hn le (N)

h s khng nn dc trc ly theo Phn 5 v 6 ni ph hp

M2b

m men trn thanh (cu kin ) chu nn do ti trng trng lc tnh ton ( nhn
h s ) m khng dn n on ng k c tnh ton bng phng php khung
n hi bc nht quy c, lun lun dng ( N.mm)

f2b

ng sut tng ng vi M2b (MPa)

M2s

m men trn thanh chu nn do lc ngang tnh ton hoc ti trng trng lc tnh
ton ( nhn h s) m gy ra on, ln hn lu/500, c tnh bng phng
php phn tch khung n hi bc nht quy c, lun lun dng ( N.mm).

f2s

ng sut tng ng vi M2s (MPa)

i vi ct b tng thp lin hp ti trng un dc ti hn le, Pe phi c xc nh nh trong

iu 6.9.5.1. Vi tt c cc trng hp khc, Pe phi ly nh sau:
Pe =

2 EI
(Kl u ) 2

(4.5.3.2.2b - 5)

89

Tiu chun thit k cu

trong :
lu

chiu di t do ca thanh chu nn (mm)

h s chiu di hu hiu ly theo iu 4.6.2.5

m un n hi (MPa)

m men qun tnh i vi trc ang xt (mm4)

i vi cc thanh b tng chu nn, cc quy nh trong iu 5.7.4.3 cng p dng c

i vi cc thanh ging chng on, s ly gi tr 1,0 tr khi phn tch cho thy c th s dng gi tr
nh hn c th c s dng. Vi cc thanh khng c ging chng on, phi xc nh b nh i vi
cc thanh c ging v xc nh s nh i vi cc thanh khng c ging.
i vi cc thanh c ging chng on v khng c ti trng ngang gia cc gi ta, Cm c th ly nh sau:
Cm = 0.6 + 0.4

M 1b
0.4
M 2b

(4.5.3.2.2b 6)

trong :
M1b

m men b hn ti u mt

M2b

m men ln hn ti u mt

T s M1b/M2b c coi l dng nu cu kin b un theo cong mt chiu v m nu n b un theo

cong hai chiu .
Vi tt c cc trng hp khc, Cm phi c ly bng 1.0.
Trong cc kt cu khng c ging chng on, cc cu kin chu un v cc phn mng to thnh
khung, cu kin chu nn phi c thit k chu tng cc m men u mt ca cu kin chu nn
ti im ni.
Khi cc cu kin chu nn b un theo c hai trc chnh, m men ti mi trc phi c nhn vi ,
c xc nh t cc iu kin hn ch tng ng i vi trc .
Khi nhm cc cu kin chu nn trn mt cao bao gm m kiu khung hoc khi chng c ni
chc chn vi cng mt kt cu phn trn v tt c cng chng s on ca kt cu, gi tr ca s phi
c tnh cho mt nhm cu kin vi Pu v Pe tng ng vi tng ca tt c cc ct trong nhm.
4.5.3.2.2c. S phng i m men - cc loi vm
M men do hot ti v lc xung kch tnh c nh php phn tch bin dng nh phi c tng ln
bng h s phng i m men, b, nh ch ra trong iu 4.5.3.2.2b, vi cc nh ngha sau:
lu

1/2 chiu di ca sn vm (mm)

h s chiu di hu hiu nh ch ra trong Bng 1

Cm

1,0

90

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 4.5.3.2.2c-1- Gi tr K cho chiu di hu hiu ca cc sn vm

T l
chiu cao/ nhp
0.1 - 0.2
0.2 - 0.3
0.3 - 0.4

Vm
3 khp
1.16
1.13
1.16

Vm
2 khp
1.04
0.70
1.16

Vm ngm
cng
0.70
0.70
0.72

4.5.3.2.3. Cc phng php chnh xc

Cc phng php phn tch chnh xc phi c da trn khi nim v cc lc tho mn s cn bng ti
v tr bin dng
4.5.4. Cc iu kin bin ca m hnh
Cc iu kin bin phi th hin c cc c tnh ca gi ta v tnh lin tc.
Phi m hnh ho cc iu kin ca mng sao cho th hin c cc tnh cht ca t nm di
mng cu, tc dng tng h ca cc vi t v cc tnh cht n hi ca cc.
4.5.5. Cu kin tng ng
C th m hnh ho cc cu kin khng c dng hnh lng tr bng cch chia nh cc thnh phn
thnh mt s cc phn t khung c c trng v cng i din cho kt cu thc t ti v tr ca
cu kin.
C th m hnh ho cc cu kin hoc cc nhm cu kin ca cc cu c hoc khng c mt ct
thay i nh mt cu kin n tng ng, min l th hin tt c cc c trng v cng ca
cc cu kin hoc cc nhm cu kin. Cc c trng v cng tng ng c th t c bng
cc phng php gii c nghim kn, tch phn s, phn tch m hnh con, phng php chui v
tng t song song.
4.6. phn tch tnh hc
4.6.1. nh hng ca hnh hc phng

4.6.1.1. T s mt ct phng
Nu chiu di nhp ca kt cu phn trn vi cc mt ct kn cng chu xon vt qu 2.5 ln chiu
rng ca n, th kt cu phn trn c th c l tng ho nh dm gin n. Cc nh ngha v
kch thc sau y phi c dng p dng tiu chun ny:

B rng: B rng phn li ca bn mt cu lin khi hoc khong cch trung bnh gia cc mt
ngoi ca cc bn bng bin.

Chiu di i vi cc cu ta gin n, hnh ch nht: khong cch gia cc mi ni ca bn mt

cu, hoc

91

Tiu chun thit k cu

Chiu di i vi cc cu lin tc v/hoc cu cho: chiu di ca cnh di nht ca hnh ch nht

m c th v c trong mt bng ca b rng ca nhp b nht, nh nh ngha y.

4.6.1.2. Cc kt cu cong trong mt bng

4.6.1.2.1. Tng qut
Cc on ca kt cu nhp cong trong mt bng c cc mt ct kn cng chu xon m gc tm
c i din bi mt nhp cong hoc mt phn ca n, nh hn 12.0 o, c th c phn tch nh
cc on thng.
nh hng ca cong c th b qua trong cc mt ct h vi bn knh cong sao cho gc tm c
i din bi mt nhp nh hn gi tr cho trong Bng 1

Bng 4.6.1.2.1-1 - Gc gii hn tm cho php b qua cong

khi xc nh m men un ban u
S dm
2
3 hoc 4
5 hoc hn

Gc cho 1 nhp
2o
3o
4o

Gc cho 2 nhp v hn 2 nhp

3o
4o
5o

4.6.1.2.2. Kt cu nhp cng chu xon kiu dm n gin

C th phn tch kt cu nhp cong trong mt bng, kiu dm n gin cng chu xon un tho
mn iu kin ca iu 4.6.1.1 v cc hiu ng lc tng th nh i vi dm c sng cong.
V tr ng trc ca loi dm ny phi ly theo ng i qua trng tm ca mt ct, v phi tnh
lch tm ca ti trng bn thn theo phng php th tch.
4.6.1.2.3. Kt cu nhp kiu nhiu dm
Kt cu cong trong mt phng nm ngang m khng phi l cc dm gin n cng chu xon c
th c phn tch theo cc m hnh, trong cc on ca dm dc c gi thit l thng gia
cc giao im. lch tm thc t ca phn on gia cc giao im s khng c vt qu
2,5% chiu di ca phn on.
4.6.2. Cc phng php phn tch gn ng

4.6.2.1. Mt cu
4.6.2.1.1 Tng qut
Phng php phn tch gn ng trong mt cu c chia thnh nhng di nh vung gc vi
cc cu kin phi c xem nh chp nhn c i vi cc kt cu nhp khng phi loi mng
dm c lp y mt phn hoc ton phn khi p dng cc quy nh trong iu 4.6.2.1.8.
Khi p dng phng php di th phi ly m men dng cc tr trong bt c pa-nen sn gia cc
dm t ti cho tt c cc vng c m men men dng. Tng t phi ly m men m cc tr
trn bt c dm no t ti cho tt c cc vng c m men m.

Tiu chun thit k cu

92

4.6.2.1.2. Kh nng p dng

i vi nhng loi mt cu c nhng cu kin ch to sn, c th c php dng cc cng c tr
gip thit k thay cho phn tch kt cu, nu tnh nng ca kt cu nhp cu c lp thnh h
s v c nhng lun c k thut tho ng. Ngi k s phi chu trch nhim v chnh xc v
vic dng ca bt k tr gip thit k no em p dng.
i vi cc cu bn v cc bn b tng c nhp ln hn 4600mm v c hng nhp tnh ton l
song song vi hng xe chy, phi p dng iu 4.6.2.3.
4.6.2.1.3. B rng ca cc di tng ng bn trong
C th ly b rng di tng ng ca mt cu theo bng1. Khi kt cu nhp cu ch yu t theo
hng song song vi hng xe chy, cc di nh ti trng trc xe khng c ly ln hn
1000mm cho h mng dm kiu h, v khng c ly ln hn 3600mm cho tt c cc loi mt
cu khc m xt vic cht ti trng ln nhiu ln. i vi phn hng ca mt cu, khi thch
hp, c th s dng cc quy nh trong iu 3.6.1.3.4 thay th b rng di nh nu trong bng
1 cho phn hng ca mt cu. Cc di tng ng cho mt cu m c nhp di ch yu bc qua
theo hng ngang th khng c gii hn b rng. Nhng k hiu sau y p dng cho Bng 1:
S

khong cch ca cc cu kin (mm)

ti trng trc xe (N)

Sb

khong cch ca cc thanh trong h mng dm(mm)

+M

m men dng

-M

m men m

khong cch t ti trng n im gi ta (mm)

93

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 4.6.2.1.3-1- Cc di tng ng

loi kt cu nhp cu
B tng:
c ti ch
c ti ch c vn khun
bng b tng li vnh
vin
c sn, cng sau
Thp:
H mng dm h
H mng dm lp y
mt phn hoc ton phn
H mng dm khng lp,
lin hp

Hng ca di chnh lin

quan ti giao thng

b rng ca di
chnh

Hoc song song hoc vung gc

1140 + 0,833X
+M: 660 + 0,55S
-M: 1220 + 0,25S
+M: 660 + 0,55S
-M: 1220 + 0,25S

Cc dm ch chu lc
Cc dm ch chu lc

0.007P + 4.0Sb
p dng iu 4.6.2.1.8

Cc dm ch chu lc

p dng iu 9.8.2.4

Phn hng
Hoc song song hoc vung gc
Hoc song song hoc vung gc

4.6.2.1.4. B rng di tng ng ti cc mp ca bn

4.6.2.1.4a. Tng qut
Khi thit k, phi xem nh c dm bin quy c l mt di bng c chiu rng c quy nh
di y cng thm b phn tng chiu dy cc b gn lin vi n hay b phn nh ra c tc dng
tng cng cho bn mt cu. Phi gi thit cc dm bin mt hng bnh xe, nu thch hp,
thm mt phn no ca ti trng ln thit k.
4.6.2.1.4b. Cc mp dc
Khi mt cu ch yu c nhp bc theo hng xe chy, b rng hu hiu ca di, c hoc khng c
dm bin, c th c ly gi tr bng tng ca: Khong cch gia mp ca bn vi b mt trong
ca lan can giao thng, cng vi 300 mm v cng vi 1/2 b rng ca di nh trong iu 4.6.2.1.3
hoc 4.6.2.3 (ly cho ph hp), nhng chiu rng hu hiu khng c vt qu mt trong hai gi
tr: hoc b rng ton b di hoc 180mm.
4.6.2.1.4c. Cc mp ngang
B rng hu hiu ca di, c hoc khng c dm bin c th c ly bng tng ca: Khong cch gia
mp ngang ca bn v ng trc ca gi, thng l bn bng dm cng vi 1/2 b rng ca di nh trong
iu 4.6.2.1.3, nhng khng vt qu b rng di tng cng, nh iu 4.6.2.1.3.
4.6.2.1.5. Phn b ti trng bnh xe
Nu khong cch ca cc cu kin theo hng ph vt qu 1.5 ln khong cch theo hng chnh,
tt c ti trng bnh xe phi coi nh c t ln di chnh, v cc quy nh trong iu 9.7.3.2 c th
c p dng cho hng ph.
Nu khong cch ca cc cu kin theo hng ph nh hn 1.5 ln khong cch theo hng chnh,
th mt cu phi c m hnh ho nh 1 h cc di giao nhau.
B rng ca cc di tng ng theo c hai hng c th c ly nh trong Bng 4.6.2.1.3-1. Mi ti
trng bnh xe s c phn b gia 2 di giao nhau. S phn b phi c xc nh bng t s gia
cng ca di v tng ca cc cng ca cc di giao nhau. Nu khng c s tnh ton chnh xc hn
th cng ca di c th c c lng nh sau:

94

Tiu chun thit k cu

Ks =

EI s
S3

(4.6.2.1.5-1)

trong :
ls

m men qun tnh ca di tng ng (mm4)

khong cch gia cc cu kin (mm)

4.6.2.1.6. Tnh ton cc hiu ng lc

Cc di phi c coi nh cc dm lin tc hoc dm n gin. Chiu di nhp phi c ly bng
khong cch tm n tm gia cc cu kin . Nhm xc nh hiu ng lc trong cc di, cc cu kin
phi c gi thit l cng v hn.
Cc ti trng bnh xe c th c m hnh ho nh ti trng tp trung hoc nh ti trng vt m chiu
di dc theo nhp s l chiu di ca din tch tip xc ca lp xe c ch ra trong iu 3.6.1.2.5, cng
vi chiu cao ca bn mt cu. Cc di cn c phn tch bng l thuyt dm c in
Mt ct thit k cho cc m men m v lc ct c th c ly nh sau:

Cho dm hp b tng v c lin khi : mt cu kin ,

Cho dm thp : 1/4 b rng bn cnhdm k t ng tim ca gi,

Cho dm b tng c sn dng T hoc I : 1/3 b rng ca bn cnh dm, nhng khng qu 380
mm tnh t ng tim ca gi,

Trong iu ny, mi bn bng dm ca dm hp thp hoc b tng c th c coi nh l mt cu kin

ring bit
4.6.2.1.7. Hiu ng khung ca mt ct ngang
Khi mt cu l mt phn khng tch ri ca mt ct nhiu ngn hoc mt ct hnh hp hp, th
cng un hoc xon ca cc thnh phn ca mt ct, tc l cc bn bng dm v bn y dm
c th gy ra cc ni lc ng k trong bn mt cu. Phi a cc thnh phn vo trong tnh
ton bn mt cu.
Nu chiu di ca phn on khung c m hnh ho nh b rng ca di tng ng, c th s
dng cc quy nh ca cc iu 4.6.2.1.3, 4.6.2.1.5 v 4.6.2.1.6.
4.6.2.1.8. S phn b hot ti trn h mng dm c lp y mt phn hoc ton phn
Cc m men tnh theo n v N.mm/mm ca h mng dm do hot ti trong cc mng dm c lp
y mt phn hoc ton phn c th c xc nh nh sau:

Cc thanh chnh nm ngang hng xe chy:

M = Cl pD0.25 [42.3 ln(0.039 S) - 7

Cc thanh chnh song song vi hng xe chy:

(4.6.2.1.8-1)

95

Tiu chun thit k cu

M = Cp[8060 D0.29 ln(0.039 S) - 10200 D0.46]

l
200

(4.6.2.1.8-2)

trong :
S

chiu di nhp (mm),

500 mm < S < 10000 mm trong P/ trnh 1, v
500 mm < S < 5000 mm trong P/ trnh 2.

h s lin tc, bng 1,0 cho nhp gin n v 0,8 cho nhp lin tc

chiu di lp xe dc theo hng xe chy, nh trong iu 3.6.1.2.5 (mm).

p lc lp xe ly bng 0.86 MPa

Dx/Dy

Dx

cng un theo hng ca cc thanh chnh (N.mm2/mm)

Dy

cng un vung gc vi cc thanh chnh (N.mm2/mm)

Khi cc kt qu th nghim khng c sn, th h s cng, D, c th ly nh sau:

Cho mng dm c ph y ton phn t nht bng lp ph lin khi dy 38mm ................... 2.0

Cho tt c cc loi li c lp y ton phn khc ............................................................... 2,5

Cho mng dm c ph y mt phn t nht bng lp ph lin khi dy 38mm ...................8.0

Cho tt c cc loi mng dm c ph y mt phn khc ...................................................... 10.0

4.6.2.1.9. Php phn tch khng n hi

Ch u t c th cho php dng phng php phn tch phn t hu hn khng n hi

4.6.2.2. Cc loi Cu Dm - Bn
4.6.2.2.1. Phm v p dng
Nu khong cch gia cc tim dm vt qu phm vi p dng nh ch ra trong cc Bng
4.6.2.2.2a-1 n 4.6.2.2g-1, hot ti trn mi dm l phn lc ca cc ln chu ti da trn nguyn
l n by tr phi c quy nh khc.
Quy nh ca iu 3.6.1.1.2 khng cho dng cc h s ln vi phng php ti trng xp x khc
so vi cc phng php m men tnh hoc phng php n by v cc h s c a vo
trong cc h s phn b.
Cc loi cu no khng tho mn cc quy nh ca iu ny phi c phn tch nh iu 4.6.3.

Tiu chun thit k cu

96

S phn b hot ti, nh trong trong cc iu 4.6.2.2.2 v 4.6.2.2.3, c th c s dng cho cc

dm t hp, dm v cc dm dc ph m khng phi l dm thp nhiu hp c mt cu b tng
tho mn cc iu kin sau y v bt c iu kin no khc c a ra trong cc bng v cc h
s phn b trong quy nh y:

B rng ca mt cu l mt hng s

S dm khng nh hn 4, tr phi c quy nh khc

Cc dm song song vi nhau v c cng xp x nhau

Phn ng xe chy ca phn hng, de khng vt qu 910mm, tr phi c quy nh khc

cong trong mt bng nh hn gii hn c nu trong iu 4.6.2.1.2

Mt ct ngang ph hp vi mt trong nhng mt ct trong bng 1

Nu c s khc bit mc nht nh so vi chiu rng bn khng i hoc s song song gia
cc dm th c th s dng cc phng trnh trong bng h s phn phi v ly theo gi tr thch
hp ca c ly dm.
Cc yu cu thm v dm thp nhiu hp vi bn mt cu b tng c nu trong iu 4.6.2.2.2b.
Khi cc cu tho mn cc iu kin nu ra y, ti trng thng xuyn ca bn mt cu v trn
bn mt cu c th c phn b u trong s cc dm v/ hoc cc dm dc.
H s phn b hot ti nu y c th c s dng cho php v nh gi cc loi xe m tng
b rng ca chng so snh c vi b rng ca xe ti thit k.
Cc k hiu sau y c p dng cho cc bng 4.6.2.2.2 n 4.6.2.2.3:
A
b
C
d
do

=
=
=
=
=

D
e
g
Ip
J
K
Kg
L
Nb
Nc
NL
S
tg
to
ts
W
We

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

din tch ca dm dc ph, dm hoc dm t hp (mm2)

b rng ca dm (mm)
tham s cng
chiu cao ca dm hoc dm dc ph (mm)
khong cch gia tim bn bng pha ngoi ca dm bin v mp trong ca b va
hoc lan can chn xe (mm)
b rng phn b trn ln (mm)
h s iu chnh
h s phn b
m men qun tnh cc (mm4)
m men qun tnh chng xon St. Venant
hng s cho cc loi kt cu khc nhau
tham s cng dc (mm4)
nhp ca dm
s dm, dm dc ph hoc dm t hp
s ngn trong mt dm hp b tng
s ln thit k nu trong iu 3.6.1.1.1
khong cch ca cc dm hoc cc bn bng dm (mm)
chiu dy ca li thp hoc tm thp ln sng (mm)
chiu dy ca lp ph (mm)
chiu dy ca bn b tng (mm)
b rng mp-n-mp ca cu (mm)
1/2 khong cch bn bng dm, cng vi tng phn hng (mm)
gc cho ()

97

Tiu chun thit k cu

h s Poisson

Tr phi c quy nh khc, cc tham s cng i vii din tch, m men qun tnh v cng
chng xon c s dng y v trong cc iu 4.6.2.2.2 v 4.6.2.2.3 phi c ly theo mt ct
ngang trn chu tc dng ca ti trng giao thng m thng thng l mt ct lin hp.
Tham s cng dc, Kg, phi c ly theo:
2

Kg = n(I + Ae e g )

(4.6.2.2.1-1)

Vi:

n=

EB
ED

(4.6.2.2.1-2)

trong :
EB

mun n hi ca vt liu dm (MPa)

Ed

m un n hi ca vt liu bn (MPa)

m men qun tnh ca dm (mm4)

eg

khong cch gia cc trng tm ca dm c bn v bn mt (mm)

Cc thng s A v I trong Phng trnh 1 phi ly theo dm khng lin hp.

Tham kho cc loi cu trong Bng 4.6.2.2.2 n 4.6.2.2.3 theo Hnh 1, c th i din cho loi
cu p dng cho mi phng trnh tnh ton gn ng vi n.
Bt k phng php phn tch no c p dng, tc l phng php xp x hay phng php chnh xc,
cc dm bin ca cu nhiu dm khng c c sc khng nh hn sc khng ca dm trong, tr khi
iu 2.5.2.7.1 cho php p dng.

98

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 4.6.2.2.1.1 Kt cu phn trn ca cu thng thng

c nu trong cc iu 4.6.2.2.2 v 4.6.2.2.3

Cu kin

Dm thp

Loi mt cu

Mt cu b tng c ti ch,
c sn, li thp.

Cc hp kn bng b tng
c sn hoc bng thp

Mt cu b tng c ti ch

Cc hp h bng b tng
c sn hoc bng thp

Mt cu b tng c ti ch,
mt cu b tng c sn

Hp b tng c sn c
nhiu ngn

B tng ton khi

Dm b tng c ti ch
hnh ch T

B tng ton khi

Cc loi hp b tng l
rng, c hoc c nhiu
ngn c c sn v c
cc kha chng ct

Lp mt b tng c ti ch

Mt ct in hnh

99

Tiu chun thit k cu

Cu kin

Loi mt cu

Hp b tng dng ngn,

rng c hoc c nhiu
ngn c c sn v c
cc kho chng ct

Lp mt b tng c ti ch

Mt ct in hnh

B tng ton khi

C d
ng lc ko sau ngang cu

Mt ct dng mng b
tng c sn c cc
kho chng ct

Lp mt b tng c ti
ch

Mt ct ch T ko b
tng c sn c kho
chng ct c hoc
khng c cp d ng lc
cng sau theo chiu
ngang

B tng ton khi

C d
ng lc ko sau ngang cu

Mt ct ch T b tng
c sn c kho chng
ct c hoc khng c
cp d ng lc cng sau
theo chiu ngang

B tng ton khi

Mt ct ch l hoc ch
T bo b tng c sn

B tng ti ch, b tng

c sn

C d
ng lc ko sau ngang cu

4.6.2.2.2. Phng php h s phn b dng cho m men v lc ct

4.6.2.2.2a. Cc dm gia vi mt cu b tng
C th xc nh m men un do hot ti i vi cc dm gia vi mt cu b tng bng cch p
dng phn s ln nh trong Bng 1.
thit k s b, cc s hng Kg /(Lts3) v I/J c th ly bng 1.0.
i vi cc dm b tng, tr dm hp c s dng trong cc h mt cu nhiu dm c kho
chng ct:

Phi dng cc vch ngn cng u dm v dy m bo phn b ti trng hp l.

Nu c ly cc sn ca dm c sn nh hn 1200 hoc ln hn 3000mm phi s dng php phn tch

chnh xc tun theo iu 4.6.3.

i vi dm thp nhiu hp c mt cu b tng, m men un do hot ti c th c xc nh bng

cch s dng h s phn b nu trong Bng 1.
Khi c ly ca cc dm hp bin i theo chiu di ca cu, phi xc nh gi tr ca NL theo
3.6.1.1.1, bng cch s dng b rng, W, ly ti gia nhp.

iu

100

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 4.6.2.2.2a-1- Phn b hot ti theo ln i vi m men trong cc dm gia

Loi dm

Mt b tng mt
cu kiu mng
dm lp y
hoc mng dm
lp mt phn trn
dm thp hoc
b tng; dm b
tng ch T, mt
ct T hoc T kp

Mt ct
thch hp
ly t bng
4.6.2.2.1-1
Cho a,e, k
cng cho i,j
nu c lin
kt lm
vic nh mt
khi

Cc h s phn s

Phm vi p dng

1100 S 4900

Mt ln thit k chu ti:

S
0,06 +

4300

0, 4

S

L

0,3

Kg
3
Lt
s

0 ,1

110 ts 300
6000 L 73000
Nb 4

Hai hoc hn hai ln thit k chu ti:

0, 6
0, 2
S S K g
0,075 +

3
2900 L Lt s

0 ,1

Dng gi tr nh nht trong hai gi tr hoc

tnh t phng trnh trn vi

Nb = 3

Nb= 3 hoc theo nguyn tc n by.

Dm hp b tng
nhiu ngn

2100 S 4000

Mt ln thit k chu ti:

S 300

1,75 +

1100 L

0 , 35

N
c

0 , 45

18000 L 73000
N0 3
N u N0 > 8, dng
N0 = 8

Hai hoc hn hai ln thit k chu ti:

13

Nc
Mt b tng trn
cc dm hp b
tng m rng

b,c

0,3

S 1


430 L

0 , 25

Mt ln thit k chu ti

910

0 , 35

Sd
2
L

0 , 25

1800 S 3500
6000 L 43000
450 d 1700
Nb 3

Hai hoc hn hai ln thit k chu ti

1900

0,6

Sd
2
L

0 ,125

Dng nguyn tc n by

S 3500

101

Tiu chun thit k cu

Loi dm
Dm b tng
c dng trong
mt cu nhiu
dm

Mt ct
thch hp
ly t bng
4.6.2.2.1-1
f

Cc h s phn s

b I

2 .8 L J

g; i, j
Nu ch c
lin kt
ngn chn s
chuyn dch
thng ng
tng i ti
mt tip xc

Mt cu dng
li thp t trn
dm thp

b, c

0 , 25

5 Nb 20

trong :
K = 2,5 (Nb) 0,2 1,5
Hai hoc hn hai ln chu ti:
0, 6

900 b 1500
6000 L 37000

Mt ln thit k chu ti
0,5

g
nu c lin
kt lm
vic nh mt
khi

Phm vi p dng

0, 2

b b I

7600 L J

0 , 06

S ln chu ti bt k: S/D
trong :
C = K(W/L)
D = 300 [11.5 - Nc + 1.4 NL (1 - 0.2C)2...........
]
D = 300(11.5 - NL )

K=

(1 + )I
J

thit k s b,c th s dng cc gi tr

sau y ca K:
Loi dm
Dm ch nht khng khot l
Dm ch nht c l trn
Dm mt ct hp
Dm hnh mng
DmT
DmT kp

K
0,7
0,8
1,0
2,2
2,0
2,0

1 ln thit k chu ti:

S/2300 nu tg < 100mm
S/3050 nu tg 100mm
Hai hoc hn hai ln thit k chu ti:
S/2400 nu tg < 100mm
S/3050 nu tg 100mm
S ln chu ti bt k:

N
0,425
0,05 + 0,85 L +
Nb
NL

S 1800 mm
S 3200 mm

0,5

NL
1,5
Nb

4.6.2.2.2b. Cc dm gia vi mt cu thp ln sng

C th xc nh m men un do do hot ti i vi dm gia c mt cu l tm thp ln sng
bng cch p dng phn s ln, g, nu trong Bng 1.

102

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 4.6.2.2.2b-1- Phn b hot ti trn ln i vi m men

trn cc dm gia vi mt cu l tm thp ln sng

1 ln thit k chu ti

2 hoc hn 2 ln thit k chu ti

S/2800

S/2700

Phm vi p dng

S 1700
tg 50

4.6.2.2.2c. Cc dm bin
C th xc nh m men un do hot ti i vi cc dm bin bng cch p dng phn s ln, g,
nu trong Bng C- 1.
Khong cch, de, phi c ly gi tr dng nu bn bng dm bin vo pha trong ca mt
trong ca tay vn lan can v m nu v pha ngoi ca b va hoc lan can.
Trong cc mt ct cu loi dm bn c vch ngn hoc khung ngang, h s phn b i vi dm
bin khng c ly gi tr b hn gi tr tnh theo gi thit mt ct ngang vng xung v quay nh
mt mt ct cng tuyt i. Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 3.6.1.1.2.

103

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 4.6.2.2.2c-1- Phn b hot ti theo ln i vi m men

trong dm dc bin

Loi kt cu nhp
Mt cu b tng,
mt cu dng li
lp y hoc lp
mt phn trn dm
b tng hoc thp;
dm b tng ch
T, mt ct T hoc
T kp
Dm hp b tng
nhiu ngn, dm
hp
Mt cu b tng
trn dm hp b
tng m rng

Mt ct thch hp
ly t bng
4.6.2.2.1-1
Cho a, e, k v
cng c th cho i,
j nu c lin
kt cht ch
lm vic nh mt
khi

1 ln
thit k
chu ti
Quy tc
n by

2 hoc hn 2 ln thit
k chu ti

Phm vi p dng

G = e gbn trong

300 d e 1700

e = 0,77 +

2800
Dng gi tr nh nht
trong hai gi tr hoc tnh
theo phng trnh trn vi
Nb = 3 hoc theo nguyn
tc n by

g=

We

g=

4300
b,c

de

Quy tc
n by

WS

We
4300

g= e gbn trong
e = 0,97 +

de

8700
Dng quy tc n by
Dm hp b tng
s dng trong kt
cu nhp nhiu
dm

f, g

Dm b tng, tr
dm hp, c s
dng trong mt
cu nhiu dm

Mt cu dng li
thp trn cc dm
thp
Mt cu b tng
trn
dm
thp
nhiu hp

Quy tc
n by

0 d e 1400
1800< S

3500

S >3500

g= e gbn trong
e = 1, 04 +

Quy tc
n by

Nb = 3

de

300 d e 600

7600
Quy tc n by

Khng p dng

Quy tc n by

Khng p dng

i,j nu ch lin kt
ngn chn
s chuyn v
thng ng tng
i ti mt tip
xc
a

b, c

Quy tc
n by

Nh trong Bng b-1

4.6.2.2.2d. Cu cho
Khi ng tim ca cc gi ta l cho v sai khc gia cc gc cho ca hai ng k nhau ca
cc gi ta khng vt qu 100 th c th gim m men un trong dm theo Bng d-1.

104

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 4.6.2.2.2d-1- gim ca cc h s phn b ti trng

i vi mmen ca cc dm dc trn cc gi ta cho

Dng kt cu nhp

Mt ct thch hp
ly t
Bng 4.6.2.2.1-1

Mt cu b tng, mt
cu dng li lp y
hoc lp mt phn trn
dm b tng hoc
thp; dm b tng ch
T, mt ct T hoc T
kp

Cho a, e, k v cng
dng cho i, j nu c
lin kt cht ch
lm vic nh mt khi

Mt cu b tng trn
dm hp b tng m
rng.
Dm hp b tng v
mt ct T kp s dng
trong cc kt cu
nhiu nhp

b, c, f, g

S ln chu ti bt k
1-c1(tan )1,5
c1

Kg
= 0,25 3
Lt
g

0,25

S

L

0,5

Phm vi p dng
300 600
1100 S 4900
6000 L 73000
Nb 4

Nu < 300 th c1 = 0,0

Nu >600 s dng = 600
1,05 0,25 tg 1,0
Nu > 600 s dng = 600

0 600

4.6.2.2.2e. M men un v lc ct trong dm ngang h mt cu

Nu mt cu c ta trc tip ln dm ngang h mt cu th h mt cu c th c thit k cho
cc ti trng c xc nh theo Bng e-1.
Cc phn s cho trong Bng 1 phi c s dng cng vi mt ti trng trc thit k 145kN. i
vi cc c ly ca cc dm ca h mt cu nm ngoi phm vi p dng cho, th tt c cc hot ti
thit k phi c xt v c th s dng quy tc n by.

Bng 4.6.2.2.2e-1 - Phn b hot ti theo ln i vi m men

v lc ct cho dm ngang

Loi mt cu
B tng

Phn s ca ti
trng bnh xe
cho mi dm sn

Phm vi p dng

S 1800

1800

Li thp

S
1400

Li thp

S
1800

Tm mt cu
thp ln sng

S
1700

tg 100
S 1500
tg 100
S 1800
tg 50

105

Tiu chun thit k cu

4.6.2.2.3. Phng php h s phn b cho lc ct

4.6.2.2.3a. Cc dm gia
C th xc nh lc ct do hot ti i vi cc dm gia bng cch p dng cc phn s ln nh ch
ra trong Bng a-1. i vi cc loi dm gia khng c lit k trong Bng 1, s phn b ca bnh
xe hoc trc nm k gip u nhp dm phi tnh theo quy tc n by.
thit k s b, s hng I/J c th ly bng 1,0.
i vi cc dm hp b tng s dng trong cc mt cu c nhiu dm, nu gi tr ca I hoc J
khng tun theo cc gii hn trong Bng 1, th h s phn b cho lc ct c th c ly bng gi
tr dng cho m men.

Bng 4.6.2.3a-1- Phn b hot ti theo ln i vi lc ct trong dm gia

Loi kt cu nhp

Mt ct thch
hp ly t bng
4.6.2.2.1-1

Mt cu btng, an
li, lp y hoc
lp 1 phn trn dm
thp hoc btng,
dm btng ch T,
mt ct T hoc T
kp

Cho a, e, k v
cng cho j nu
c lin kt
cht th lm
vic nh mt
khi

Phn hp b tng
nhiu ngm, dm
hp
Mt cu b tng trn
dm hp b tng m
rng

b, c

1 ln
thit k chu ti

0,36 +

0,2 +

7600
Quy tc n by

f, g

S S

7600 10700

0,6

d

L

0,1

2200

0,9

d

L

3050

0,6

d

L

0,1

2250

0,8

d

L

b
0, 70
L

0,15

I

J

2,0

Quy tc n by

2900

Quy tc n by
Dm hp b tng
trong kt cu nhp
nhiu dm

2 hoc hn 2 ln thit k
chu ti

b
4000

0,4

b
L

0,1

0,1

0,1

I
J

1100 S 4900
6000 L 73000
110 ts 300
4x109 Kg 3x1012
Nb 4
Nb = 3

Quy tc n by

0,05

Phm vi p dng

0,05

1800 S 4000
6000 L 73000
890 d 2800
Nc 3
1800 S 3500
6000 L 43000
450 d 1700
Nb 3
S > 3500
900 b 1500
6000 L 37000
5 Nb 20
1,0x1010 J
2,5x1011
1,7x1010 I 2,5x1011

h
Dm b tng, tr
dm hp c s
dng trong mt cu
nhiu dm
Mt cu dng li thp
trn cc dm thp
Mt cu b tng trn
dm thp nhiu hp

i,j nu ch lin
kt ngn
chn chuyn v
thng ng
tng i ti
mt tip xc
a
b, c

Quy tc n by

Quy tc n by

Khng p dng

Quy tc n by

Quy tc n by

Khng p dng

Nh trong bng 4.6.2.2a-1

106

Tiu chun thit k cu

4.6.2.2.3b. Cc dm bin
Phi xc nh lc ct do hot ti i vi cc dm bin bng cch p dng cc phn s ln nu trong
Bng b-1. i vi cc trng hp khng nu bng 4.6.2.2.3a-1 v Bng b-1, s phn b hot ti
trn cc dm bin s c xc nh bng cch s dng quy tc n by.
Tham s de phi c ly gi tr dng nu bn bng dm bin nm vo pha trong ca n b va
hoc ca lan can chn xe v m nu n nm ra pha ngoi.
Phi p dng cc quy nh ph cho cc dm bin ca cc loi cu dm bn c cc khung ngang
hoc vch ngn, nh nu trong iu 4.6.2.2.2c.

Bng 4.6.2.2.3b-1 - S phn b hot ti theo ln i vi lc ct trong dm bin

Dng kt cu
nhp

Mt ct thch hp
ly t Bng
4.6.2.2.1-1

Mt cu b tng,
mt cu dng li
lp y hoc lp
mt phn trn dm
b tng hoc thp;
dm T b tng,
mt ct T hoc T
kp

Cho a, e, k v cng
cho i, j nu c
lin kt chc chn
lm vic nh mt
khi

Dm hp b tng
nhiu ngn, Dm
hp

Mt cu b tng
trn dm hp b
tng m rng

b, c

1 ln thit k
chu ti
Quy tc n by

2 hoc hn 2 ln
thit k chu ti
g = e gbn trong

e = 0,6 +

Quy tc n by

- 300 de 1700

de
3000

Quy tc n by

Nb = 3

g = e gbn trong

-600 de 1500

e = 0,64 +
Quy tc n by

Phm vi p dng

de
3800

g = e gbn trong

0 de 1400

d
e = 0,8 + e
3050

Quy tc n by
Dm hp b tng
c s dng
trong kt cu
nhp nhiu dm

f, g

Dm b tng tr
dm hp c s
dng trong cc
kt cu nhp
nhiu dm

Quy tc n by

g = e gbn trong
e = 1,02 +

i, j

S > 3500
300 de 600

de
15000

Quy tc n by

Quy tc n by

Khng p dng

Quy tc n by

Quy tc n by

Khng p dng

nu ch lin kt
ngn chn
chuyn v tng i
thng ng ti mt
tip xc

Mt cu li thp
trn dm thp

Mt cu b tng
trn dm thp
nhiu hp

b, c
Nh ch ra trong bng 4.6.2.2.2a-1

107

Tiu chun thit k cu

4.6.2.2.3c. Cc cu cho
Phi iu chnh lc ct trong dm bin ti gc t ca cu khi ng tim ca gi ta b cho, phi ly gi
tr ca h s iu chnh t bng c-1 v p dng theo cch phn ln nu trong bng 4.6.2.2.3a-1 i
vi dm bn trong v trong bng 4.6.2.2.3b-1 i vi dm bin.
Khi xc nh lc ct u dm trong cc cu nhiu dm phi p dng s iu chnh cho tt c cc
dm ti gc t.

Bng 4.6.2.2.3c-1 - H s iu chnh cho cc h s phn b ti trng

i vi lc ct ti gc t

Dng kt cu nhp
Mt cu b tng, mt
cu dng li lp y
hoc lp mt phn
trn dm b tng hoc
thp; dm b tng
dng ch T, mt ct T
hoc T kp
Dm hp b tng
nhiu ngn, cc dm
hp

Mt cu b tng trn
dm hp b tng m
rng

Dm hp b tng s
dng trong kt cu
nhp nhiu dm

Mt ct thch hp
ly t Bng
4.6.2.2.1-1
Cho a, e, k hoc
dng cho i, j nu
lin kt cht ch
lm vic nh mt
khi

H s iu chnh
Lt 3
1,0 + 0,20 s
Kg

0,3

tan

1,0 + 0,25 +
tan
70d

1,0 +

b, c

1,0 +

f, g

Ld
tan
6S

L tan
90d

Phm vi p dng
00 600
1100 S 4900
6000 L 73000
Nb 4

00 600
1800 S 4000
6000 L 73000
900 d 2700
Nb 3
00 600
1800 S 3500
6000 L 43000
450 d 1700
Nb 3
00 600
6000 L 37000
430 d 1500
900 b 1500
5 Nb 20

4.6.2.3. B rng di tng ng i vi cc loi cu bn

iu ny phi c p dng cho cc loi cu bn b tng c ti ch v cng c ti ch c b dy lp
t p trn cng khng qu 600mm, cc loi cu bn c l rng c ti ch c th c coi l cu bn.
B rng tng ng theo ln ca cc di dc cho c lc ct v m men cho mt ln, tc l hai ng
ca bnh xe t ti c th c xc nh nh sau:
E = 250 + 0,42 L 1 W1

(4.6.2.3-1)

B rng tng ng theo ln ca cc di dc cho c lc ct ln m men vi s ln chu ti ln hn mt

c th c xc nh nh sau:

108

Tiu chun thit k cu

E = 2100 + 0,12 L 1 W1

W
NL

(4.6.2.3-2)

trong :
E

b rng tng ng (mm)

L1

chiu di nhp c iu chnh, ly bng gi tr nh hn ca nhp thc t hoc 18000

(mm)

W1 =

b rng mp-ti-mp c iu chnh ca cu, c ly bng gi tr nh hn ca b rng thc t

hoc 18000 mm nu chu ti trng trn nhiu ln, hoc 9000 mm nu chu ti trn mt ln (mm)

b rng vt l mp-ti-mp ca cu (mm)

NL =

s ln thit k, ly theo iu 3.6.1.1.1

i vi cu cho, cc hiu ng lc dc c th c gim i bng h s r:

r = 1,05 - 0,25tg 1,00

(4.6.2.3-3)

trong :

= gc cho ()

4.6.2.4. Cu gin v vm
Quy tc n by c th c s dng phn b trng ti trong gin v vm khi chng c phn tch
nh cc kt cu phng. Nu p dng kiu phn tch khng gian, th hoc quy tc n by hoc cch
cht ti trc tip ln mt cu hoc h mt cu c th c s dng.
Khi cc ti trng, khng phi l trng lng bn thn ca cc cu kin v ti trng gi trn , c
truyn ln gin ti cc im nt, th gin c th c phn tch nh mt t hp kt cu c lin
kt cht .

4.6.2.5. H s chiu di hu hiu, K

Chiu di thc t ca ct phi c nhn vi h s chiu di hu hiu, K, b vo cc iu kin bin
v chuyn ng quay v tnh tin khc vi cc u ct lin kt cht.
Nu khng c phn tch chnh xc hn, khi n nh bn c gia c bi h ging cho hoc cc
phng tin chc chn khc, th h s chiu di hu hiu trong mt phng ging, K, i vi cc thanh
chu nn trong gin tam gic, gin thng v khung c th c tnh nh sau:

vi lin kt bu-lng hoc hn c hai u: K = 0,750

vi lin kt cht c hai u: K = 0,875

Cc loi gin kiu Vierendeel phi c coi nh cc khung khng c ging

Tiu chun thit k cu

109

4.6.2.6. B rng bn cnh dm hu hiu

4.6.2.6.1. Tng qut
Khi khng iu kin phn tch chnh xc hn v hoc tr phi c quy nh khc th phi tnh
nh di y i vi tr s gii hn ca b rng bn btng, xem nh b rng hu hiu trong tc
dng lin hp xc nh sc khng ca trng thi gii hn. Khi tnh vng cn xt trn c s
ton b chiu rng bn cnh dm khi tnh vng do hot ti cn phi p dng iu 2.5.2.6.2.
Khi tnh b rng bn cnh dm hu hiu, chiu di nhp hu hiu c th ly bng nhp thc t i vi cc nhp
gin n v bng khong cch gia cc im thay i mmen un (im un ca biu mmen) ca ti
trng thng xuyn i vi cc nhp lin tc, thch hp c mmen m v dng.
i vi b rng bn cnh dm hu hiu ca cc dm gia c th ly tr s nh nht ca:

1/4 chiu di nhp hu hiu

12 ln dy trung bnh ca bn cng vi s ln nht ca b dy bn bng dm hoc ly 1/2 b rng

ca bn cnh trn ca dm hoc.

Khong cch trung bnh ca cc dm lin k nhau.

i vi cc dm bin, b rng bn cnh dm hu hiu c th c ly bng 1/2 b rng hu hiu

ca dm trong k bn, cng thm tr s nh nht ca:

1/8 ln chiu di nhp hu hiu

6,0 ln dy trung bnh ca bn, cng vi s ln hn gia 1/2 dy bn bng dm hoc 1/4 b rng
ca bn cnh trn ca dm chnh, hoc.

B rng ca phn hng

4.6.2.6.2. Cc dm hp v dm btng phn on v cc dm 1 hp c ti ch.

C th gi thit cc b rng bn cnh dm hu hiu bng b rng bn cnh thc nu nh:

b li

b 3 do

Ngc li, c th ly b rng hu hiu ca cc bn cnh cn li nh quy nh trong Hnh 1 n 4

trong :
do
b

=
=

be

bm

bs

li

chiu cao ca kt cu nhp (mm)

b rng thc ca bn cnh tnh t bn bng dm ra mi pha ngha l b1, b2, b3 trong
Hnh 3 (mm)
b rng bn cnh dm hu hiu tng ng vi v tr c th ca on nhp kho st nh
quy nh trong Hnh 1 (mm)
b rng bn cnh hu hiu ca cc phn nhp bn trong nh quy nh Hnh 2: l
trng hp c bit ca be (mm)
b rng bn cnh hu hiu tr pha trong hoc bn cnh hng c xc nh
theo
Hnh 2 trng hp c bit ca be (mm)
phn on nhp chu mt ng truyn theo b rng bn cnh hu hiu c tnh bng
gi tr nh nht trong 2 gi tr hoc l b rng bn cnh thc tnh t bn bng dm ra
mi pha nh trong hnh 3 hoc 1/4 chiu di nhp.
chiu di nhp quy c cho trong Hnh 1 vi mc ch xc nh chiu rng bn cnh
hu hiu ly theo Hnh 2

110

Tiu chun thit k cu

Ch cc gii thch sau:

Trong mi trng hp , b rng bn cnh hu hiu khng c ly ln hn b rng bn cnh thc.

C th b qua nh hng ca vic cht ti khng i xng n b rng bn cnhdm

hu hiu

Phi tnh gi tr ca bs bng tr s ln nht trong 2 chiu di nhp lin k vi tr

Nu bm nh hn bs trong 1 nhp, c th xc nh s b rng hu hiu bn trong nhp bng

cch ni ng c b rng hu hiu bs vo cc im gi k nhau cng tc dng cc ni lc
cc b v ni lc tng th, c th gi thit s phn b ng sut do ni lc tng th gy ra c 1
s ng thng ph hp vi hnh 3C. Cn xc nh s phn b ng sut tuyn tnh l phn
b ng sut khng i vi cc iu kin l lc trong bn cnh dm khng thay i v b rng
cc i ca phn b ng sut tuyn tnh trn mi bn ca bn bng bng hai ln b rng ca
dm hu hiu .

Cc tnh cht ca mt ct i vi cc lc php tuyn c th da trn s nh hnh 4 hoc c xc

nh bng php phn tch chnh xc hn

S bm/b

H
Dm gim n
I1 = 1.01l

Dm lin tc

Nhp cui
Li =0,8l
Nhp gia
Li =0,6l

Cnh hng li = 1,5 l

Hnh 4.6.2.6.2-1- S ca cc b rng bn cnh dm hu hiu be, bm v bs

Tiu chun thit k cu

Hnh 4.6.2.6.2-2 - Gi tr ca h s b rng bn cnh dm hu hiu bm v bs

tnh theo gi tr b/li cho trc

111

112

Tiu chun thit k cu

ng sut khng
i trong bm do
chu un

Phn b tuyn tnh ca ng sut trong bn cnh trn

Hnh 4.6.2.6.2-3 - Cc mt ct ngang v b rng bn cnh dm hu hiu

tng ng be theo un v ct.

113

Tiu chun thit k cu

Mt ct A-A

Mt bng

Hnh 4.6.2.6.2-4 - B rng bn cnh dm hu hiu, bn theo lc php tuyn

4.6.2.6.3. Kt cu nhp nhiu ngn c ti ch
B rng hu hiu ca cc kt cu nhp dng nhiu ngn c b tng ti ch c th ly hoc nh trong
iu 4.6.2.6.1, vi mi bn bng coi nh mt dm, hoc bng chiu rng ton phn ca bn mt cu.
Trong trng hp sau, nh hng ca lc ct xut hin trong vng bin phi c kho st li.
4.6.2.6.4. Mt cu thp kiu bn trc hng
B rng hu hiu ca bn tc dng nh bn cnh trn ca mt sn cng dc, hoc ca mt sn
ngang, nh ch ra trong Bng 1

114

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 4.6.2.6.4-1. B rng hu hiu ca bn mt cu cng lm vic vi sn

Tnh ton cho

Cc tnh cht mt ct
sn tnh ton
cng ca bn v hiu
ng un do tnh ti
Cc tnh cht mt ct
sn tnh ton hiu
ng un do tI trng
bnh xe

B rng c hiu ca bn, bao gm bn mt cu v cc sn, tc dng nh bn cnhtrn ca cu kin

dc hoc dm ngang ca kt cu phn trn c th c xc nh hoc bng phng php phn tch
c chp thun, hoc ly theo Hnh 1.
Nhp hu hiu, nh L1 v L2 trong Hnh 1, phi c ly bng nhp thc t cho cc nhp n v khong
cch gia cc im un ca tnh ti cho cc nhp lin tc.
cc im
un
ti trng
ri u

Tng din
tch cc sn

phn b ng
sut thc

chiu rng bn
cnh c hiu

im un hoc
gi gin n

Nu C1
C2 c c
tr s 4 trung bnh cho
L2 = 2C1 v L2 = 2C2

Hnh 4.6.2.6.4-1 - B rng hu hiu ca bn mt cu

Tiu chun thit k cu

115

K hiu sau y p dng khi s dng Hnh 1 xc nh b rng hu hiu ca bn tc dng cng vi
dm ngang:
B

khong cch nh trong Hnh 1 (mm)

L1,L2

khong cch gia cc im un nh trong Hnh 1 (mm)

As

tng din tch ca sn cng tng cng (mm2)

dy ca bn cnh (mm)

i vi phn cng xon ca cc dm ngang, L phi c ly bng 2 ln chiu di ca cng xon.

4.6.2.7. Phn b ti trng gi ngang trong cu nhiu dm

4.6.2.7.1. Mt ct ch I
Trong cc cu c kt cu nhp lin hp, kt cu nhp khng lin hp c nch btng v cc loi kt
cu nhp cu khc c kh nng lm vic nh mt tm cng nm ngang, phi gi thit ti trng gi
ln na trn ca dm bin, ln mt sn, xe c, lan can, v cc cu kin ph trn cu s truyn lc
trc tip ln kt cu nhp, ang lm vic nh tm cng ngn ngang, ri truyn ti trng n cc
gi ta. Phi gi thit ti trng gi trn na di ca dm bin s tc dng hng ngang vo bn
cnhdi ca dm.
i vi cc cu c kt cu nhp khng lm vic nh mt tm cng nm ngang th phi p dng
quy tc n by cho vic phn b ti trng go ln cc bn cnhtrn v di ca dm.
Phi gi thit cc bn cnh trn v di ca dm chu ti trng gi ngang truyn ti trng n cc
im ging lin k bng tc ng un. Nhng im ging nh vy t ti cc nt ging gi hoc
ti cc khung ngang v cc v tr vch ngn.
Cc lc ngang tc dng ln cc im ging qua bn cnhdm phi c truyn n cc gi ta
bng mt trong nhng ng truyn ti sau:

Tc dng gin ca ging gi ngang trong mt phng bn cnh dm

Tc dng khung ca cc khung ngang hoc cc vch ngn truyn lc ln mt cu hoc ging gi trong
mt phng ca bn cnh dm khc, v sau qua tc dng vch ngn ca mt cu, hoc tc dng gin
ca ging gi ln cc gi ta.

S un theo chiu ngang ca bn cnh dm do cc lc ngang gy ra v tt c cc bn cnh dm khc

trong cng mt mt phng s truyn lc ln cc u cui ca nhp, v d, khi mt cu khng c tc
dng nh mt tm cng nm ngang v khng c ging gi trong mt phng ca c hai bn cnh dm .

4.6.2.7.2. Cc mt ct hnh hp
Mt phn t ca lc gi tc dng ln mt ct hnh hp s tc dng ln bn cnh di ca dm hp
bn ngoi. Mt ct c gi thit chng li lc gi bao gm bn cnh di v mt phn ca
thn dm nh c xc nh trong cc phn 5 v 6, phi gi thit ba phn t cn li ca lc gi ln
mt ct hnh hp, cng vi lc gi ln xe c, barie v cc chi tit ph khc c truyn n cc gi
ta qua tc ng vch ngn ca mt cu. Phi c cc ging ngang gia cc hp nu mt ct d kin
chng li lc gi khng thch hp.

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116

4.6.2.7.3. Thi cng

Nhu cu v ging gi tm trong qu trnh xy dng phi c kho st i vi cc mt cu mt ct
ch I hoc hp.

4.6.2.8. S phn phi ti trng ngang do ng t

4.6.2.8.1. Phm vi p dng
Cc iu khon ny c p dng cho cc vch cng, cc khung ging v cc h ging ngang tc
l nhng b phn ca h thng chu lc ngang do ng t ni chung, i vi cc dm bn nm
trong cc vng ng t cp 2 v 3. Cc iu khon trong iu 3.10.9.2 c p dng i vi vng
ng t cp 1.
4.6.2.8.2. Cc Tiu ch thit k
Ngi k s thit k phi chng minh l c mt ng truyn ti trng r rng v trc tip
xung kt cu phn di ca cng trnh v tt c cc thnh phn kt cu, cc mi lin kt c
kh nng chu tc dng ca ti trng ph hp vi ng truyn ti trng chn.
Dng truyn lc trn ng truyn ti trng gi nh phi ph hp vi tt c cc thnh phn kt
cu v k c cc chi tit b tc ng, nhng khng phi ch gii hn nh th, phi k c cc bn
bn cnh v vch ng ca cc dm hay gin ch, cc khung ging ngang, cc lin kt, cc mt
phn gii ca cc dm - bn vi tt c cc b phn ca h thng gi cu truyn t mt phn gii
ca bn cnh trn thng qua s khng ch ca cc bu lng neo hoc cc b phn tng t khc ca
kt cu bn di.
Trong vic phn tch v thit k cc vch ngn u v cc khung ging, cn xt ti h gi theo
phng nm ngang vi mt s lng gi thch hp. mnh v cc yu cu v lin kt ca cc
cu kin ging tham gia vo h thng chu lc theo phng ngang phi ph hp vi cc iu khon
c ch nh cho vic thit k cc cu kin chnh.
Cc b phn ca cc vch ngn v khung ging ngang do ngi thit k xc nh v coi nh l mt
phn ca ng truyn ti trng ng t t kt cu bn trn xung, cc gi phi c thit k
v cu to vn gi c tnh n hi (cn c vo cc tiu chun p dng cho din tch th) khi
chu mi trn ng t thit k bt k l loi gi no. Cc iu khon dng thit k cc cu kin
chnh s c p dng cho cc b phn trn.
4.6.2.8.3. S phn b ti trng
Cn phi thit lp c mt ng truyn ti trng vng vng truyn cc ti trng theo phng
ngang xung ti mng, cn c vo cc c im v cng ca mt cu, ca cc vch ngn, cc
khung ging ngang v h thng ging ngang. Tr trng hp cn c s phn tch nghin cu k
cng hn th cn phi gi nh xp x mt tuyn ng truyn ti trng nh di y:

i vi nhng cu c:

Tiu chun thit k cu

117

+ Mt cu bng btng c kh nng tc dng nh mt tm cng nm ngang hoc.

+ Mt h ging nm ngang trong mt phng ca bn cnh trn th cc ti trng ngang tc
dng vo mt cu c th coi nh c truyn trc tip ti cc gi thng qua cc vch
u hoc khung ging. Vic tnh ton v phn tch ng truyn ti trng thng qua mt
cu hoc thng qua h ging ngang trn cng nu c, s cn c vo cc tc dng v mt
kt cu tng t nh khi phn tch i vi cc ti trng gi.

i vi nhng cu m:
+ Cc mt cu khng tc dng nh mt tm cng nm ngang v
+ Khng c h ging ngang trong mt phng ca bn cnh trn th cc ti trng ngang tc
dng ln mt cu phi c phn phi thng qua cc vch ngn v khung ging trung
gian ti h ging ngang di v sau ti cc gi thng qua cc vch ngang u theo
t l vi cng tng i ca chng v khi lng tng ng ca mt cu.

Nu khng c h thng ging ngang di v nu bn bn cnhdi khng chu tc dng ca lc th

cn s dng gii php th nht v mt cu cn c thit k v cu tao chi tit sao cho c tc dng nh
mt tm cng nm ngang cn thit.

4.6.2.9. Phn tch cc cu b tng phn on

4.6.2.9.1. Tng qut
C th p dng s phn tch n hi v l thuyt dm xc nh cc m men lc ct v vng
thit k. Phi xem xt cc nh hng do co ngt v t bin, thay i nhit cng nh nhng nh
hng do bin dng ct xut hin sau . S bin dng do ct xut hin sau cn c nghin
cu ph hp vi cc iu khon ca iu 4.6.2.9.3.
i vi cc nhp ln hn 75000mm th khi nh gi cc kt qu v phn tch n hi cn cp ti
cc s bin i c th c v m un n hi ca b tng, cc s bin i v tnh cht co ngt, t
bin ca b tng v nh hng ca nhng bin i trong tin trnh thi cng ti cc yu t ny v
cc thng s thit k khc.
4.6.2.9.2. Cc m hnh gin o (m hnh chng v ging)
Cc m hnh gin o c th c p dng phn tch trong cc vng ti trng hoc vng c s gin
on v hnh hc.
4.6.2.9.3. Chiu rng hu hiu ca bn cnh
Chiu rng hu hiu ca bn cnh dng cho vic tnh ton ng sut khi chu ti khai thc c th
c xc nh theo cc iu khon ca iu 4.6.2.6.2.
Cc c tnh v mt ct i vi cc lc php tuyn c th c xc nh theo hnh 4.6.2.6.2-4 hoc
bng cch phn tch cht ch hn.
C th tnh ton lc un, lc ct v lc php tuyn vi cc sc khng c h s tng ng.
Kh nng chu ti ca mt mt ct ngang theo trng thi gii hn v cng c th c xc nh vi
gi thit l ton b b rng bn cnh chu nn.
4.6.2.9.4. Phn tch theo phng ngang
Khi thit k theo phng ngang i vi cc t dm hp, phi xem xt t nh l mt khung hp
cng. Bn bn cnh hp dm s c tnh ton nh l cc mt ct c chiu dy thay i, c k n phn

Tiu chun thit k cu

118

tng cng gc gia bn cnh v sn hp. Cc ti trng do bnh xe tc dng phi c t sao cho c m
men cc i v phi dng phng php phn tch n hi xc nh s phn b thc t theo chiu dc ca
ti trng bnh xe i vi mi v tr t ti. Cn xem xt ti s gia tng ca lc ct vch v cc nh hng
khc i vi mt ct ngang do ti trng lch tm hoc do s mt i xng hnh hc ca kt cu.
C th p dng theo cc iu khon ca cc iu 4.6.2.1 v 4.6.3.2, khi thit lp mt nh hng, v d
nh cc mt nh hng do Hemberg (1968) v Pucher (1964), hoc cc phng php phn tch n hi
khc, tnh hot ti cng thm vi nh hng ca m men tc ng vo bn cnhtrn ca mt ct hp.
Khi phn tch theo phng ngang phi xem xt ti s co rt n hi v t bin ngang do tc dng ca
d ng lc gy ra cng nh xt n co ngt.
Cn phi xt n cc mmen th cp do d ng lc trong khi tnh ton ng sut theo trng thi gii hn khai
thc v trong vic nh gi li kt cu. Trong trng thi gii hn v cng , tc dng ca lc th cp pht
sinh do d ng lc, vi h s vt ti l 1,0, s c cng i s thm vo cc tc dng ca lc gy ra do
tnh ti v hot ti tnh ton (c h s) v cc ti trng khc.
Khi tnh ton theo phng ngang i vi kt cu nhp cu dm nhiu t th c th tin hnh ph hp
vi cc iu khon ca iu 4.6.2.
4.6.2.9.5. Phn tch theo phng dc
4.6.2.9.5.a. Tng qut
Khi phn tch theo phng dc cc cu b tng c phn on phi xem xt ti bin php thi cng c bit v
tin trnh thi cng cng nh nh hng theo thi gian, co ngt, t bin b tng v mt mt d ng lc.
Phi xt nh hng ca cc mmen th cp pht sinh do d ng lc trong tnh ton ng sut
trng thi gii hn v s dng. Trong trng thi gii hn v cng , tc dng ca lc th cp gy
ra do d ng lc vi h s vt ti 1.0 phi c cng i s thm vo cc ti trng tnh ton (c
h s) khc cho thch hp.
4.6.2.9.5..b. Phn tch kt cu khi lp dng
Vic phn tch kt cu trong bt k giai on thi cng no cng phi xem xt ti cc t hp ti trng,
ng sut v s n nh trong thi cng nh ch dn trong iu 5.14.2.3.
4.6.2.9.5.c. Phn tch h thng kt cu trng thi hon thnh
p dng cc iu khon trong iu 5.14.2.2.3
4.6.3. Phng php phn tch chnh xc

4.6.3.1. Tng qut

C th s dng cc phng php chnh xc lit k trong iu 4.4 phn tch cc cu. Trong phn
tch nh vy, phi xem xt cc t l hnh hc ca cc cu kin, v tr v s nt, v cc c trng
kc v hnh dng c th nh hng n chnh xc ca li gii thch .

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119

Cc lan can hoc gii phn cch gia c kt cu lin tc lm vic lin hp vi cc cu kin , c th c
coi c tc dng v mt kt cu trong cc trng thi gii hn s dng v trng thi gii hn mi.
Khi s dng phng php phn tch chnh xc, bng v cc h s phn b hot ti cho cc ni lc
cc tr trong mi nhp phi c cung cp trong cc ti liu bo co thit k gip cp giy php
v phn loi cu.

4.6.3.2. Mt cu
4.6.3.2.1. Tng qut
Tr phi c quy nh khc, phi xt n bin dng xon v un ca mt cu, ring bin dng ct
thng ng c th b qua trong tnh ton.
nhng v tr gin on un, ti lc ct c th truyn qua, phi m hnh ho nh cc khp.
Khi phn tch cc loi mt cu c th nt v hoc tch ra dc theo cc ng bin ca cu kin khi
chu ti, h s Poisson c th c b qua. Ti trng bnh xe s c m hnh ho nh mt vt ti
trng phn b trn din tch theo quy nh ca iu 3.6.1.2.5, v m thm mt khong bng na
chiu dy ca mt sn trn tt c bn pha.
4.6.3.2.2. M hnh bn ng hng
Trong m hnh bn ng hng, kt cu nhp cu c c chiu cao khng i hoc gn nh
khng i, v cng ca chng gn tng ng trong mi hng trong mt phng phi c
coi l bn ng hng
4.6.3.2.3. M hnh bn trc hng
Trong m hnh bn trc hng, cng chng un ca cc phn t c th c phn b u dc theo
mt ct ngang ca kt cu nhp cu. Khi cng chng xon ca kt cu nhp cu khng ch c to
ra bi tm bn c vi dy khng i, th cng chng xon phi c xc nh bng th nghim
vt l hay bng php phn tch khng gian hoc cc phng php gn ng ni chung c xc
minh v chp nhn.

4.6.3.3. Cu dm bn
T l phng din ca cc phn t hu hn v pa-nen h mng dm khng c vt qu 5,0. Cn phi
trnh s thay i t ngt v kch thc v/hoc dng ca cc phn t hu hn .
Cc ti trng nt phi tng ng tnh hc vi ti trng thc t tc dng.

4.6.3.4. Cc cu hnh hp v cu nhiu ngn

Php phn tch chnh xc v cu nhiu ngn c th c thc hin bng bt c phng php phn tch
no nh ch ra trong iu 4.4, ngoi tr phng php ng chy do, n xt n hai chiu trn mt
bng v m hnh ho cc iu kin bin. Cc m hnh nhm xc nh vnh xon v tc ng khung
ngang phi l m hnh ba chiu

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120

i vi cc mt ct hp n, kt cu nhp c th c phn tch nh dm c sn cho c cc hiu ng

xon v un. Hp thp khng c coi l hp cng xon tr phi c h ging trong duy tr mt ct
hp cng. V tr ngang ca cc gi t phi c m hnh ho.

4.6.3.5. Cu gin
Php phn tch khung khng gian hoc khung phng chnh xc cn bao gm vic xt n cc vn sau:

Tc ng lin hp vi mt cu hoc h mt cu;

Tnh lin tc gia cc cu kin;

Cc hiu ng lc do ti trng bn thn ca cc cu kin, s thay i hnh hc do bin dng, v dch

chuyn dc trc ca cc nt, v

S on trong v ngoi mt phng ca cc cu kin bao gm c vnh ban u, tnh lin tc gia cc
cu kin v nh hng ca lc dc trc c mt trong cc cu kin ny.

S on ngoi mt phng ca m thng ca cc cu gin thp khng c h ging gi trn phi c

kho st. Nu gin c n nh bn nh cc khung ngang m cc dm ngang l mt phn ca chng,
th bin dng ca cc dm ngang do ti trng xe phi c xt n.

4.6.3.6. Cu vm
Cn p dng cc quy nh trong iu 4.6.3.5 ch thch hp.
Hiu ng gin di ca cp treo phi c xt n khi phn tch thanh ging vm.
Khi khng khng ch c bng cu to hp l th phi xt n s co ngn ca sn vm.
Phi s dng php phn tch bin dng ln cho cc vm ca cc nhp ln hn thay cho s iu chnh
phng i m men nh trong iu 4.5.3.2.2c.
Khi s phn b ng sut gia m thng v m h ca vm gin b ph thuc vo cch lp dng, th
cch lp dng phi c ch r trong cc ti liu hp ng.

4.6.3.7. Cu dy xin
C th xc nh s phn b ni lc cho cc b phn ca cu dy xin hoc bng php phn tch phng
hoc phn tch khng gian nu c chng minh thng qua nghin cu hnh hc ca tr thp, s mt
phng dy v cng chng xon ca kt cu mt cu
Phi kho st cc cu dy xin v ni lc khng tuyn tnh c th do cc yu t sau gy ra:

Thay i vng cp xin trng mi trng thi gii hn,

Bin dng ca kt cu dm cu v cc tr thp trong mi trng thi gii hn, v

Tnh khng tuyn tnh ca vt liu trong cc trng thi gii hn c bit.

C th kho st vng ca dy cp bng cch s dng cu kin tng ng c m hnh ho

nh 1 thanh vi m un n hi c thay i theo phng trnh 1 cho cng tc thi v theo
phng trnh 2 theo cch tnh lp, ng vi s thay i ti trng cp xin.

121

Tiu chun thit k cu

EAW 2 (cos )5
EMOD = E 1 +

12H 3

(H 1 + H 2 ) EAW 2 (cos )5
EMOD = E 1 +

24 H 12 H 22

(4.6.3.7-1)
1

(4.6.3.7-2)

trong :
E

m un n hi ca dy cp xin (MPa)

tng trng lng ca dy cp xin (N)

din tch mt ct ca dy cp xin (mm2)

gc gia dy cp xin v phng nm ngang ()

H, H1, H2,

thnh phn nm ngang ca lc cp xin (N).

S thay i hiu ng lc do vng c th kho st bng cch s dng phng php bt k tho mn
cc quy nh trong iu 4.5.3.2.1, v c xt n s thay i hng ca cc u dy xin.
Cu dy xin phi c tnh ton n tnh hung mt mt dy xin bt k.

4.6.3.8. Cu treo dy vng

Cc hiu ng lc trong cu treo dy vng phi c phn tch bng l thuyt bin dng ln i vi ti
trng thng ng. Cc hiu ng ca ti trng gi phi c phn tch c xt s tng cng do ko
cng ca cc dy cp. cng chng xon ca dm cu c th b qua khi t lc tc dng ln cc dy
cp vng, cc thanh treo v cc thnh phn ca gin tng cng.
4.6.4. S phn b li m men m trong cu dm lin tc

4.6.4.1. Tng qut

Ch u t c th cho php xem xt phn b li cc hiu ng lc trong cc kt cu nhp dm c nhiu
nhp, c nhiu dm hoc dm t hp. S lm vic khng n hi ch c gii hn xt i vi chu un
ca dm hoc dm t hp, khng cho php xt s lm vic khng n hi do lc ct v s on dc
khng kim sot c. S phn b li ti trng khng c xt n trong phng ngang.
S gim cc m men m trn cc gi ta ca cc nhp gia do s phn b li phi km theo tng m
men dng tng ng trong cc nhp.

4.6.4.2. Phng php chnh xc

Tiu chun thit k cu

122

Cc m men m trn gi ta, c xc nh bi php phn tch n hi tuyn tnh, c th c gim i

bng qu trnh phn b li khi xt n cc c tnh m men quay ca mt ct, hoc bng phng php
c cu c cng nhn. Mi quan h m men - chuyn ng quay phi c thit lp bng cch s
dng cc c tnh ca vt liu, nh ch ra trong ti liu ny, v/hoc bng th nghim vt l.

4.6.4.3. Phng php gn ng

Thay cho php phn tch nh c m t trong iu 4.6.4.2 c th s dng phng php phn b li
c n gin ho cho cc dm thp v b tng, nh ch ra trong cc Phn 5 v 6.
4.6.5. n nh
Khi tnh ton n nh phi s dng thuyt l bin dng ln.
4.6.6. Phn tch v gra-i-en nhit
Khi vic xc nh cc hiu ng lc do gra-i-en nhit thng ng c ra, th php phn tch cn xt
n gin di dc trc, bin dng un v cc ng sut bn trong.
Cc gra-i-en phi nh quy nh trong iu 3.12.3.
4.7. phn tch ng lc hc
4.7.1. Nhng yu cu c bn v ng lc hc kt cu

4.7.1.1. Tng qut

phn tch s lm vic ng hc ca cu, cng, khi lng v cc c tnh chng rung ca cc
thnh phn kt cu phi c m hnh ho.
S bc t do t nht c tnh n trong php phn tch phi da trn mt vi tn s t nhin tm
c v tin cy ca cc dng dao ng gi thit. M hnh phi tng thch vi chnh xc ca
phng php gii. Cc m hnh ng hc phi bao hm cc kha cnh lin quan n kt cu v s kch
rung. Cc kha cnh lin quan ca kt cu c th bao gm:

S phn b khi lng,

S phn b cng, v

Cc c tnh gim rung.

Cc kha cnh c lin quan ca s kch rung c th bao gm:

Tn s ca hm s lc,

Thi gian t ti, v

Hng t ti.

Tiu chun thit k cu

123

4.7.1.2. S phn b khi lng

Vic m hnh ho khi lng phi c thc hin c xt n mc ca phn gii trong m hnh,
v s chuyn ng d kin.

4.7.1.3. cng
Cu phi c m hnh ho nht qun vi bc t do c chn nhm th hin cc dng t nhin v
cc tn s t nhin ca dao ng. cng ca cc phn t ca m hnh phi c quy nh cho ph
hp vi cu ang c m hnh ho.

4.7.1.4. Gim rung

B chng rung nht tng ng c th c s dng th hin tnh tiu nng.

4.7.1.5. Cc tn s t nhin (tn s dao ng ring)

p ng iu 4.7.2, v tr phi c Ch u t ch r, phi s dng cc dng v cc tn s dao ng
t nhin khng gim rung n hi. p ng iu 4.7.4 v 4.7.5, phi xt n tt c cc dng v cc
tn s chng rung lin quan .
4.7.2. ng x ng hc n hi

4.7.2.1. Dao ng do xe c
Khi cn s phn tch v tc ng ng hc tng h gia cu v hot ti, Ch u t cn ch r v chp
thun nhm b mt, vn tc v cc c tnh ng hc ca xe c a vo trong php phn tch. H s
xung kch phi c ly bng t s gia hiu ng lc ng hc cc tr v hiu ng lc tnh tng ng.
Trong mi trng hp, ti trng ng cho php s dng khng c nh hn 50% ti trng ng cho
php c nu trong Bng 3.6.2.1-1, ngoi ra khng cho php gim i vi cc khe ni mt cu.

4.7.2.2. Dao ng do gi
4.7.2.2.1. Cc vn tc gi
i vi cc kt cu quan trng nhy cm vi cc tc ng ca gi, v tr v ln ca cc gi tr v p
lc cc tr v sc ht phi c xc nh bng cc th nghim trong tunen gi.
4.7.2.2.2. Cc hiu ng ng hc
Cc kt cu nhy cm vi gi phi c phn tch v cc hiu ng ng hc nh s lc do gi xoy
hoc gi git, v tc ng tng h gi-kt cu khng n nh nh s rung, vy. Cc kt cu mnh hoc
d un xon phi c phn tch v on ngang, nn qu mc v lch.
4.7.2.2.3. Nghin cu thit k
Bin dng dao ng di tc ng ca gi c th dn n cc ng sut qa mc, s mi kt cu, v s
phin phc hoc bt tin cho ngi dng. Mt cu, dy xin v cp treo phi c bo v trnh b gi
xoy qu mc v cc dao ng do ma gi. Khi p dng thc t, vic s dng cc b chng rung phi
c xt kim sot c nhng tc ng ng hc qu mc. Khi cc b chng rung hoc s thay i
hnh dng khng hin thc, th h kt cu phi c thay i t c s kim sot .

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124

4.7.3. ng x ng hc khng n hi

4.7.3.1. Tng qut

Trong khi chu tc ng ca ng t hoc va chm tu thuyn, nng lng c th c lm tiu i
bng mt hoc nhiu c ch di y:

Bin dng n hi v khng n hi ca vt th c th va chm vi kt cu,

Bin dng khng n hi ca kt cu v cc vt gn lin vi n,

Chuyn v khng hi phc ca cc khi lng ca kt cu v cc vt gn vi n, v

Bin dng khng n hi ca cc b phn tiu nng c hc chuyn dng.

4.7.3.2. Cc khp do v cc ng chy do

phn tch, nng lng hp th c bi bin dng khng n hi trong thnh phn kt cu c th
c gi thit l tp trung ti cc khp do v cc ng chy do. V tr ca nhng mt ct ny c th
xc nh bng php xp x lin tip t c li gii st hn v nng lng c hp th. i vi cc
mt ct ny, cc ng cong m men-chuyn ng quay c th c xc nh bng cch s dng cc
m hnh vt liu phn tch c kim tra.
4.7.4. Phn tch v ti trng ng t

4.7.4.1. Tng qut

Phi thc hin cc yu cu phn tch ti thiu v cc hiu ng ng t theo quy nh trong bng
4.7.4.3.1-1.
i vi cc phng php phn tch theo kiu dng c quy nh trong cc iu 4.7.4.3.2 v
4.7.4.3.3 phi tnh ph thit k n hi theo phng trnh 3.10.6.1-1.
i vi cc cu nm trong vng ng t I khng cn thit phi phn tch v ti trng ng t bt
k tm quan trng v hnh dng ca n. Tuy nhin phi tun theo cc yu cu ti thiu nh trong
cc iu 4.7.4.4 v 3.10.9

4.7.4.2. Cc cu mt nhp
Khng cn phn tch ng t i vi cc cu mt nhp d n nm trong vng ng t.
Phi thit k lin kt gia kt cu cu v cc m cu theo cc yu cu ti thiu v lc nh trong
iu 3.10.9.
Cc yu cu v b rng ta ti thiu s phi tho mn ti mi m cu nh trong iu 4.7.4.4.

4.7.4.3. Cc cu nhiu nhp

125

Tiu chun thit k cu

4.7.4.3.1. La chn phng php

i vi cc kt cu nhiu nhp phi thc hin cc yu cu phn tch ti thiu theo quy nh trong
bng 1, trong :
*

khng cn n phn tch ng t

UL

phng php n hi ti trng phn b u

SM

phng php n hi dng n

MM =

phng php n hi dng phc

TH

phng php lch s thi gian

Bng 4.7.4.3.1-1- Cc yu cu ti thiu i vi tc ng ca ng t

Cu nhiu nhp
Vng
ng
t

Cu mt
nhp

1
2
3

Khng cn
xt n
ng t

Cc cu khc
Khng
Bnh
bnh
thng
thng
*
*
SM/UL
SM
SM/UL
MM

Cc cu ch yu
Khng
Bnh
bnh
thng
thng
*
*
SM/UL
MM
MM
MM

Cc cu c bit
Khng
Bnh
bnh
thng
thng
*
*
MM
MM
MM
TH

4.7.4.3.2. Phng php phn tch dng n

4.7.4.3.2a. Tng qut
Mt trong hai phng php phn tch kiu dng n c ch nh y u c th c s dng
trong trng hp thch hp.
4.7.4.3.2b. Phng php ph dng n (Single-mode)
Phng php dng n phn tch ph da trn dng dao ng c bn theo phng dc hoc
phng ngang. Hnh dng dao ng ny c th thy c khi ta tc ng vo kt cu mt ti trng
nm ngang ri u v tnh ton bin hnh tng ng. C th tnh ton chu k dao ng ring bng
cch cn bng th nng v ng nng cc i kt hp vi hnh dng dao ng c bn. Bin ca
hnh dng chuyn v c th c tnh ra nh h s ng x ng t n hi Csm nh c nu
trong iu 3.10.6. v t chuyn v ph tng ng. Bin ny c dng xc nh cc hiu ng
lc.
4.7.4.3.2c. Phng php ti trng ri u
Phng php ti trng ri u c da trn dng dao ng c bn theo phng dc hoc phng
ngang. Chu k ca dng giao ng ny phi c ly bng chu k ca mt b chn ng khi - l xo
n tng ng. tnh cng ca l xo tng ng ny phi s dng chuyn v cc i pht sinh
khi cu chu tc dng ca mt ti trng ngang ri u bt k. H s ng x ng t n hi Csm quy
nh trong iu 3.10.6 phi c s dng tnh ti trng ri u tng ng do ng t m t
tnh c cc tc dng ca lc do ng t.

126

Tiu chun thit k cu

4.7.4.3.3. Phng php phn tch ph dng phc

Phi s dng phng php phn tch ph dng phc i vi cu trong c kt hp xt 2 hay 3 hng
to trong mi dng dao ng. t nht th php phn tch ng hc tuyn tnh vi m hnh khng gian
3 chiu phi c s dng th hin kt cu.
S dng dao ng a vo trong php phn tch t nht phi bng ba ln s nhp trong m hnh. Phi s
dng ph ng x ng t n hi theo iu 3.10.6 cho mi dng dao ng.
c lng cc lc v cc chuyn v ca cc cu kin bng cch s dng cch t hp cc ng x tng
ng ca cc i lng (mmen, lc, chuyn v, hay chuyn v tng i) rt ra t cc dng dao ng
ring theo phng php t hp cn bc hai (CQC)
4.7.4.3.4. Phng php lch s thi gian
Bt c phng php lch s thi gian cp nht no c s dng cho php phn tch n hi hoc khng
n hi, phi tho mn cc yu cu ca iu 4.7.
Phi xc nh nhy cm ca li gii s cho kch thc ca bc thi gian c s dng cho php
phn tch. Vic nghin cu nhy cng phi c thc hin kho st cc hiu ng ca s bin i
cc tnh cht tr ca vt liu gi thit.
Cc lch s thi gian ca gia tc a vo s dng m t cc ti trng ng t phi c la chn
vi s t vn ca Ch u t. Tr phi c ch dn khc i, 5 lch s thi gian vi ph tng thch phi
c s dng khi cc lch s thi gian ring ti v tr xy dng cu l khng c sn. Ph c s dng
pht ra 5 lch s thi gian ny s ging nh ph c s dng cho cc phng php dng dao ng
nh quy nh trong iu 3.10.6. c thay i cho a tng thch hp

4.7.4.4. Cc yu cu chuyn v ti thiu

B rng gi phi ly ln hn chuyn v cc i tnh theo cc quy nh ca iu 4.7.4.3 hoc phn trm
ca b rng ly theo kinh nghim, N, nh cho trong Phng trnh 1, hoc phi t cc ngm dc tun
theo iu 3.10.9.5. Cc gi c ngm cht chng chuyn ng dc phi c thit k theo iu
3.10.9. Cc phn trm ca N, p dng cho mi vng ng t phi nh trong Bng 1.
B rng gi ly theo kinh nghim phi ly nh sau:
N = (200+ 0.0017 L+ 0.0067 H) (1+ 0.000 125 S2 )

(4.7.4.4-1)

trong :
N
L

=
=

chiu di ta ti thiu c o vung gc vi ng trc ca gi (mm)

chiu di ca mt cu n khe co gin ln cn, hoc n im cui ca mt cu. i vi cc
khp trong nhp, L phi l tng cc khong n khp hai bn. i vi cc cu mt nhp,
L tng ng vi chiu di ca mt cu (mm)
i vi cc m, chiu cao trung bnh ca cc ct kt cu nhp cu n khe co gin gn
nht (mm) i vi cc ct v cc tr, l chiu cao ca ct hoc tr (mm) i vi cc khp
bn trong nhp, chiu cao trung bnh ca 2 ct hoc tr ln cn (mm) cho cc cu mt
nhp (mm)

127

Tiu chun thit k cu

S = cho ca gi o c t ng vung gc vi nhp ()

Bng 4.7.4.4-1- Phn trm ca N theo vng v h s gia tc

Vng

H s gia tc

Loi t

%n

1
1
1
2
3

< 0.025
< 0.025
> 0.025
Thch hp tt c
Thch hp tt c

I hoc II
III hoc IV
Tt c
Tt c
Tt c

50
100
100
100
150

4.7.5. Phn tch ti trng va tu

Trong phm vi cho php ca cc quy nh ca phn 3 c th thay th php phn tch ng hc i
vi cc va tu thuyn bng php phn tch n hi tnh hc tng ng. Khi c quy nh dng
php phn tch khng n hi th phi xem xt tc ng ca cc ti trng khc c th xy ra.
4.8. Phn tch theo m hnh vt l
4.8.1. Th nghim trn m hnh c t l thu nh kt cu
thit lp v kim tra s lm vic ca kt cu, Ch u t c th yu cu v lm th nghim cc m
hnh t l thu nh kt cu v cc b phn ca n. cc tnh cht v kch thc v vt liu ca kt cu,
cng nh cc iu kin bin v ti trng, phi c m hnh ho cng chnh xc cng tt. i vi phn
tch lc hc phi s dng hp l t l qun tnh ni b, cc hm ti trng/ kch thch v hm gim chn.
i vi cc th nghim v trng thi gii hn cng phi m phng trong bn thn tnh ton s o
c bng dng c khng c nh hng ng k n li gii v kt qu ca m hnh.
4.8.2. Th cu
xc nh hiu ng lc v kh nng chu ti ca cc cu hin hu ngi ta c th th bng cc dng
c o v cc kt qu t c di cc iu kin khc nhau ca ti trng ca giao thng v ca ti trng
mi trng hoc ti trng th nghim bng cc xe chuyn dng.

Tiu chun thit k cu

128

Phn 5 - Kt cu b tng
5.1. Phm vi
Cc quy nh ca phn ny p dng cho vic thit k cc cu kin cu v tng chn c xy dng
bng b tng c t trng bnh thng hoc t trng thp v c b tr ct thp v/hoc ct thp d ng
lc(cc tao cp hoc thanh thp d ng lc). Cc quy nh ny da trn c s cng b tng trong
khong t 16 ti 70 MPa.
Cc quy nh ca chng ny tng hp v thng nht cc yu cu cho kt cu b tng ct thp, b tng
d ng lcv b tng d ng lc mt phn. Cc quy nh cho vic thit k chng ng t, phng php
tnh ton theo m hnh chng v ging, thit k cc cu b tng thi cng theo phng php phn on
v cu b tng ct thp lp ghp cng c trnh by trong chng ny.
5.2. Cc nh ngha
Neo - Trong cng ngh ko sau, y l thit b c kh c dng neo b tao thp vo b tng; trong
cng ngh ko trc, y l thit b c dng neo b tao thp cho n khi b tng t c cng
nh trc v d ng lc truyn vo b tng; i vi ct thp thanh, y l on chiu di ct thp
hoc neo c hc, hoc mc, hoc t hp ca chng u thanh truyn lc cng trong thanh vo
b tng.
Vu neo - B phn c lm nh ra thm sn, bn cnh hoc ch ni sn - bn cnh lp neo b
thp d ng lc.
Vng neo - Phn kt cu m d ng lc c truyn t thit b neo sang vng cc b ca b tng v
sau phn b rng hn sang vng chung ca kt cu.
Lc kch - thi im cng b thp d ng lc.
Lc t ti - Thut ng lin quan n tr s ca cc c trng ca b tng lc ti trng tc ng. Ti
trng ny bao gm lc d ng lcv ti trng thng xuyn, thng khng bao gm hot ti.
Lc truyn - Ngay sau khi truyn lc d ng lcvo b tng.
B thp dnh bm - B thp c dnh bm vi b tng hoc trc tip hoc thng qua p va.
Lc n ra - Lc ko trong b tng vng neo ko sau do truyn d ng lc gy ra.
B tng c ti ch - B tng c vo v tr cui cng ca n trong kt cu khi cn ang do.
Cc neo t st nhau - Cc thit b neo c nh ngha l t st nhau nu c ly tim n tim ca
chng khng vt qu 1,5 ln b rng ca thit b neo trn phng c xem xt.
Hp long - Vic b tng ti ch dng lin kt hai hoc nhiu hn cc b phn c trc
ca kt cu.

Tiu chun thit k cu

129

Kt cu lin hp - Cc cu kin b tng hoc b tng v thp lin kt vi nhau cng chu tc ng
lc nh l mt khi.
Lp b tng bo v - C ly ti thiu c quy nh gia b mt b tng v b mt ca ct thp, tao
thp, ng bc ko sau, neo hoc cc vt chn khc.
B tng cng - iu kin khi phng nga s phn r ca b tng chu nn bng cch to cc lc
ngang v/hoc lc bao quanh, chng hn nh c th dng ct thp thch hp, cc ng thp hoc ng
composit hoc cc cu kin tng t.
Neo b - Neo cho b tao thp ko sau lm vic trn c s ngn chn b tng trong vng neo cc b
nh cc ct thp c bit.
T bin - Bin dng theo thi gian ca b tng di ti trng thng xuyn.
Ma st cong - Ma st do b thp dch ta vo ng bc khi b ko do cong ca ng bc.
Bn mt cu - Bn b tng c chu v truyn ti trng bnh xe ln cu kin bn di.
Gim nn trc - Giai on m cc ng sut nn do d ng lc b trit tiu bi cc ng sut ko.
Cu kin cao - Cc cu kin trong c ly t im lc ct bng 0,0 n mt gi nh hn 2d, hoc cc
cu kin trong ti trng gy ra ln hn 1/3 lc ct gi t gn hn 2d t mt gi (d = chiu cao
cu kin).
Yn i hng ( chuyn hng) - Cc b tng lm nh ra thm sn, bn cnh hoc ch tip gip
sn - bn cnh dng khng ch v hnh hc hoc i hng b thp t ngoi.
Chiu di trin khai - C ly cn thit pht trin cng cc thanh ct thp hoc tao thp d
ng lc.
C ly mp - C ly ti thiu gia tim ct thp hoc vt chn khc v mp b tng.
Chiu cao hu hiu - Chiu cao cu kin hu hiu trong mt ct chu un hoc ct; k hiu nh d
v dv.
D ng lc hu hiu - ng sut hoc lc cn li trong ct thp d ng lc sau khi ton b mt mt
xy ra.
Chiu di chn - Chiu di ct thp hoc neo c t vt qu mt ct ti hn m trn vic truyn
lc gia b tng v ct thp c th xy ra.
B thp ngoi - B thp ko sau c t bn ngoi b tng, thng nm trong lng dm hp.
Vng chung - Vng lin k vi neo ko sau trong lc d ng lc truyn ch yu theo s phn b
ng sut tuyn tnh trn mt ct ngang ca cu kin.

Tiu chun thit k cu

130

Neo trung gian - Neo khng c t b mt cui ca cu kin hoc phn on cho cc b thp
khng ko di qua sut chiu di cu kin hoc phn on; thng di dng cc neo b chn, vu,
sn hoc h t.
B thp trong - B thp ko sau c t bn trong b tng.
Ct thp ng hng - B tr ct thp trong cc thanh trc giao vi nhau v t l ct thp hai
hng bng nhau.
Lc kch - Lc tc ng bi thit b sinh ra lc cng trong b thp.
Gi lao - Gi tm c c tnh ma st thp dng trong thi cng cu bng phng php c y.
Mi dn - Kt cu thp tm thi c ni pha trc cu c y gim ng lc kt cu nhp
trong khi lao.
B tng t trng thp - B tng cha cp phi nh v c t trng khi kh khng vt qu 1925 Kg/m3
nh c xc nh bi ASTM C-567.
Vng cc b - Phn th tch b tng bao quanh v ngay trc u thit b neo chu ng sut
nn cao.
Thp t do , Thp t chng thp - Loi tao thp d ng lc ko m mt mt d qngs sut do thp t
chng c gim ng k do x l ko nhit cao ngay trong lc ch to tao thp.
B tng t trng thng - B tng c t trng gia 2150 v 2500 kg/m3.
Tao thp khng dnh bm mt phn - To thp d ng lc c mt phn chiu di c dnh bm v
c ch khc c c cho khng dnh bm bng cch dng cc bin php c hc hoc ho hc. Cn
c gi l tao thp c che chn hoc bc ngoi.
B tng d ng lc mt phn - B tng vi s kt hp ca c cc tao thp d ng lc v cc thanh
thp thng.
Ko sau - Mt phng php to d ng lc- trong cc tao thp c cng ko sau khi b tng t
cng quy nh.
ng bc ko sau - Vt to hnh lng lun v cha cc b thp hoc cc thanh ko sau trong b tng
cng. Thng dng cc loi sau :
ng bc cng - ng khng ni, cng gii hn vng khng vt qu 25 mm trn chiu di
6.000 mm c ta hai u.
ng bc na cng - ng thp hoc cht do gn sng cng c coi l khng cun c thnh
cun vn chuyn thng thng m khng h hng.
ng bc mm - ng c ni mm c th cun thnh ng knh 1200 mm m khng h hng.
Cu kin c sn - Cu kin b tng c c ni khng phi l v tr cui cng ca n.
B tng d ng lc - Cu kin b tng cc ng sut v bin dng c to ra bng tc ng ca
lc d ng lc.

Tiu chun thit k cu

131

Ko cng trc - Mt phng php d ng lctrong cc tao thp c cng ko trc khi
b tng.
B tng ct thp - B tng kt cu c cha lng thp khng t hn lng ti thiu quy nh y bao
gm cc tao thp ko trc hoc ct thp khng d ng lc.
Ct thp - Thanh ct thp v/hoc thp d ng lc.
T chng - S gim ng sut theo thi gian trong cc b thp d ng lc.
B tng ct t trng thp - Mt loi b tng t trng thp cha cp phi th t trng thp v ct t
nhin ht mn.
Cu kin phn on - Cu kin c lm bng cc b phn n l hoc c sn hoc c ti ch v c
cc cp d ng lcc ko sau cng vi nhau lm vic nh mt cu kin lin khi di ti trng.
Bn - Cu kin c chiu rng t nht bng bn ln chiu cao hu hiu ca n.
Thit b neo c bit - Thit b neo m tnh y ca chng phi c chng minh qua th nghim
chp nhn c tiu chun ho. Hu ht cc neo a din v tt c cc neo dnh bm l cc thit b
neo c bit.
Cng quy nh ca b tng - Cng nn danh nh ca b tng c quy nh cho cng trnh
v c gi thit cho thit k v phn tch kt cu mi.
Thp xon - Thanh hoc si c cun lin tc thnh hnh tr xon c.
Cng ko ch - Cng ko ca b tng c xc nh bng th nghim tch (ch) ph hp vi
AASHTO T198 (ASTM C 496).
Phm vi (bin ) ng sut - Chnh lch i s gia ng sut Max v Min do ti trng nht thi.
B tng khi ln - Bt k khi b tng ln no cc vt liu hoc phng php c bit cn c
p dng i ph vi s pht nhit ca hydrt ho v s thay i th tch km theo gim thiu nt.
M hnh chng - v - ging, M hnh gin o - M hnh c dng ch yu cc vng lc tp trung
v thay i t ngt v hnh hc xc nh cc t l b tng v khi lng ct thp v cc phn b
c da trn gi thit l c cc thanh chng chu nn trong b tng, cc ging chu ko trong ct thp
v v tr hnh hc ca cc nt cc im giao ct ca chng.
Gradien nhit - Thay i nhit ca b tng trn mt ct ngang.
B thp d ng lc - Cu kin thp cng cao c dng to d ng lc cho b tng.
Truyn - Thao tc truyn lc trong thit b neo ko trc ln b tng.
Chiu di truyn - Chiu di trn ng lc trc c truyn qua b tng bng dnh bm v ma st
trong mt cu kin ko trc.

Tiu chun thit k cu

132

Ct thp ngang - Ct thp c dng chu ct, xon, lc ngang hoc b tng cng b tng trong
b phn kt cu. Cc thut ng "ct ai" v "ct thp bn bng" thng c dng ch ct thp
ngang trong b phn chu un v thut ng "ging" "ct ai" v "ct xon" c dng ch ct thp
ngang trong b phn chu nn.
Mi ni loi A - Mi ni ti ch bng b tng t v/hoc keo epxy gia cc b phn c sn.
Mi ni loi B - Mi ni kh gia cc b phn c sn.
Ma st lc - Ma st gy ra bi s lch hng ca ng bc hoc v bc b thp ra khi bin dng quy
nh ca n.
Gii hn chy - Gii hn chy quy nh ca ct thp.
5.3. K hiu
A

din tch ca btng c cng trng tm vi ct thp ch chu ko v c gii hn

bi cc b mt ca mt ct ngang v mt ng thng song song vi trc trung ho
em chia cho s lng thanh hoc si (mm2); din tch ti a ca phn b mt
ging vi din tch chu ti v ng tm vi n v khng chng ln din tch tng
t ca thit b neo bn cnh (mm2); i vi thi cng phn on, trng lng tnh ca
phn on c trc ang cu (N) (5.7.3.4)(5.10.9.7.2)(5.14.2.3.2).

Ab

din tch ca mt thanh thp n (mm2); din tch mt ta hu hiu (mm2), din tch
tnh ca mt bn (mm2) (5.10.8.2) (5.10.9.6.2) v (5.10.9.7.2).

Ac

din tch ca li cu kin chu nn tng cng bng thp xon tnh t ng knh
ngoi ca ct ai xon (mm2) (5.7.4.6)

Acb

din tch mt ct ngang c tnh tip trong phn m rng cc cnh ca tm neo hay
vu neo, ngha l khng k din tch ca vu neo hoc sn l mt phn ca mt ct
ngang (mm2) (5.10.9.3.4b)

Acp

din tch c bao bi chu vi ngoi ca mt ct b tng, bao gm din tch cc l

rng nu c (mm2) (5.8.2.1)

Acs

din tch mt ct ngang ca thanh chng b tng trong m hnh chng- v-ging
(5.6.3.3.1)

Acv

din tch mt ct b tng truyn lc ct (mm2) (5.8.4.1)

Ag

tng din tch ca mt ct (mm2); tng din tch ca bn (mm2) (5.5.4.2.1)

(5.10.9.7.2)

Ah

din tch ct thp chu ct song song vi ct thp chu ko un (mm2) (5.13.2.4.1)

Ahr

din tch mt nhnh ca ct thp treo g dm v dm T ngc (mm2) (5.13.2.5.5)

AI

i vi thi cng phn on: p ng ng hc do d hoc t ti bt ng mt phn

on c sn (N)(5.14.2.3.2)

Ak

din tch ca tt c cc mng chng ct trong mt phng ph hoi (mm2)(5.8.5)

An

din tch ct thp trong dm hng ngn hoc dm cha chu lc ko

Nuc(mm2)(5.13.2.4.2)

Ao

din tch c bao bi dng ct, bao gm din tch cc l nu c (mm2) (5.8.3.6.2)

Aoh

din tch c bao bi ct thp chu xon ngang, kn pha ngoi, bao gm din tch
cc l nu c (mm2) (5.8.3.6.2).

Tiu chun thit k cu

Aps
As
A,s
Ash
Ask
Asm
Ass

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

Ast
As-BW
As-SD
At
Av
Avf

=
=
=
=
=
=

Aw
A1
A2

=
=
=

aeff

af
av
b

=
=
=

beff

b0
bv
bw

=
=
=

CE
CLE
CLL
CR
c

=
=
=
=
=

DC
DIFF
DW
d
db

=
=
=
=
=

dburst

133

din tch thp d ng lc(mm2) (5.5.4.2.1)

din tch ct thp chu ko khng d ng lc(mm2)(5.5.4.2.1)
din tch ct thp chu nn (mm2)(5.7.3.1.1).
din tch mt ct ngang ca ct ai tng cng ct (mm2) (5.10.11.4.1d)
din tch ct thp v trn n v chiu cao trong mt mt bn (mm2) (5.10.11.4.1d)
din tch tip xc gia cc mt nhn trn mt phng ph hoi (mm2)(5.8.5).
din tch ct thp trong thanh chng gi nh ca m hnh chng-v-ging
(mm2)(5.6.3.3.4)
tng din tch ct thp dc thng(mm2)(5.6.3.4.1)
din tch thp trong chiu rng mng bng (mm2)(5.6.3.4.1)
tng din tch thp trong phng ngn ca b mng (mm2) (5.13.3.5)
din tch mt nhnh ca ct thp chu xon ngang kn (mm2) (5.8.3.6.2)
din tch ct thp ngang trong c ly S (mm2) (5.8.2.5)
din tch ct thp chu ma st ct (mm2); din tch ct thp chu ct mt phn gii
gia hai phn b tng ca bn v b tng dm (mm2/mm); tng din tch ct thp,
bao gm ct thp chu un (mm2) (5.8.4.1) (5.10.11.4.4)
din tch mt si n c trin khai hoc ni (mm2) (5.11.2.5.1)
din tch chu ti (mm2) (5.7.5)
din tch ca y di ln nht ca hnh chp ct, hnh nn hoc hnh nm vt nm
ton b trong vng v mt trn ca n l vng chu ti, c dc mt bn l 1:2
(mm2) (5.7.5)
chiu cao ca khi ng sut ch nht tng ng (mm); b rng tm neo (mm); kch
thc ngang ca thit b neo c o song song vi kch thc ln hn ca mt ct
ngang (mm) (5.7.2.2) (5.10.9.3.6); (5.10.9.6.1)
kch thc ngang ca din tch mt ta hu hiu o song song vi chiu ca kch
thc ln hn ca mt ct ngang (mm) (5.10.9.6.2)
c ly gia ti trng tp trung v ct thp song song vi ti trng (mm) (5.13.2.5.1)
nhp chu ct: c ly gia ti trng tp trung v mt gi (mm) (5.13.2.4.1)
chiu rng mt chu nn ca cu kin (mm); kch thc ngang ca thit b neo o song
song vi phng nh hn ca mt ct ngang (mm) (5.7.3.1.1) (5.10.9.6.2)
kch thc ngang ca din tch mt ta hu ch o song song vi chiu ca kch
thc nh hn ca mt ct ngang (mm) (5.10.9.6.2).
chu vi mt ct ti hn i vi bn v mng (mm) (5.13.3.6.1)
chiu rng sn hu hiu (mm); chiu rng giao din (mm) (5.8.27) (5.8.4.1)
chiu rng sn hoc ng knh ca mt ct trn (mm); chiu rng sn c xc
nh khi c ng bc (mm) (5.7.3.1.1) (5.8.2.5)
i vi thi cng phn on: thit b thi cng quy nh ( N) (5.14.2.3.2)
i vi thi cng phn on: ti trng dc ca thit b thi cng (N) (5.14.2.3.2)
i vi thi cng phn on: hot ti thi cng phn b (MPa) (5.14.2.3.2)
mt mt d ng lcdo t bin ca b tng (MPa) (5.14.2.3.2)
c ly t th chu nn ngoi cng n trc trung ho (mm); h s dnh bm (MPa); lp
ph b tng yu cu trn ct thp (mm); c ly t tim gi n ui dm (mm) (5.7.2.2)
(5.8.4.1) (5.13.2.5.2)
trng lng ca kt cu c (N) (5.14.2.3.2)
i vi thi cng phn on: ti trng chnh lch (N) (5.14.2.3.2)
tnh ti xp chng (N) hoc (N.mm) (5.14.2.3.2)
chiu cao mt ct (mm) (5.10..10.1)
ng knh danh nh ca thanh ct thp, si thp hoc tao thp ng sut (mm)
(5.10.2.1)
c ly t thit b neo n trng tm ca lc n ra Tburst (mm) (5.10.9.3.20

Tiu chun thit k cu

dc

de

df
dp

=
=

ds

ds
dv
Eb
Ec
Eci
EI
Ep
Es
e

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

F
F'

=
=

F
Fu-in

=
=

Fu-out
fb
fc

=
=
=

fca
fcb

=
=

fcgp

fci

fct
fcu

=
=

ff
fmin
fn
fpe
fpj
fpo

=
=
=
=
=
=

134

chiu dy ca lp ph b tng tnh t th chu ko ngoi cng n tim thanh hoc

si thp gn nht (mm); lp b tng ti thiu ph ln ng bc b thp cng vi mt
na ng knh ng bc (mm) (5.7.3.4) (5.10.4.3.1)
chiu cao hu hiu tnh t th chu nn ngoi cng n trng tm lc ko trong ct
thp chu ko (mm) (5.7.3.3.1)
khong cch t nh g khc ti ct thp chu nn (mm) (5.13.2.5.5)
c ly t th chu nn ngoi cng n trng tm cc b thp d ng lc(mm)
(5.7.3.1.1)
c ly t th chu nn ngoi cng n trng tm ct thp chu ko khng d ng
lc(mm) (5.7.3.2.2)
c ly t th chu nn ngoi cng n trng tm ct thp chu nn (mm) (5.7.3.2.2)
chiu cao ct hu hiu(mm) (5.8.2.7)
m un n hi ca vt liu bn gi (MPa) (5.10.9.7.2)
m un n hi ca b tng (MPa) (5.4.2.4)
m un n hi ca b tng lc truyn lc (MPa) (5.9.5.2.3a)
cng chng un (N.mm2) (5.7.4.3)
m un n hi ca b thp d ng lc(MPa) (5.4.4.2)
m un n hi ca thanh ct thp (MPa) (5.4.3.2).
c s lgarit t nhin, lch tm ca thit b neo hoc nhm thit b neo i vi
trng tm mt ct, lun ly l dng (mm); (5.9.2) (5.10.9.6.3)
ng lc tnh c khi dng m un n hi tc thi lc t ti (N) (5.9.2)
hp lc c chit gim do xt n t bin trong thi gian ph hp vi vic dng
(N) (5.9.2)
h s chit gim (5.8.3.4.2)
ng lc trch hng trong mt phng trn n v chiu di b thp (N/mm)
(5.10.4.3.1)
ng lc ngoi mt phng trn n v chiu di b thp (N/mm) (5.10.4.3.2)
ng sut trong bn neo mt ct mp l nm hoc cc l (MPa) (5.10.9.7.2)
cng nn quy nh ca b tng tui 28 ngy, tr khi quy nh tui khc (MPa)
(5.4.2.1)
ng sut nn ca b tng trc thit b neo (MPa) (5.10.9.6.2)
ng sut nn do tnh ti tiu chun (cha nhn h s) trong vng sau neo (MPa)
(5.10.9.3.4b).
ng sut b tng trng tm cc b thp d ng lc do lc d ng lc khi truyn
hoc kch v trng lng bn thn cu kin mt ct c m men ln nht (MPa)
(5.9.5.2.3a) (5.9.5.2.3b)
cng nn quy nh ca b tng lc bt u t ti hoc to d ng lc(MPa)
(5.9.1.2)
cng ko ch trung bnh ca b tng cp phi t trng thp (MPa) (5.8.2.2)
ng sut nn gii hn ca b tng thit k theo m hnh chng v ging (MPa)
(5.6.3.3.1)
bin ng sut mi cho php (MPa) (5.5.3.2)
mc ng sut nh nht i s (MPa) (5.5.3.2)
ng sut p mt danh nh ca b tng (MPa) (5.10.9.7.2)
ng sut hu hiu trong thp d ng lc cn li sau mt mt (MPa) (5.6.3.4.1)
ng sut trong thp d ng lc, khi kch (MPa) (5.9.3)
ng sut trong thp d ng lc, khi ng sut b tng xung quanh bng
0,0 (MPa) (5.8.3.4.2)

Tiu chun thit k cu

135

fpt
fpu
fpy
fr
fsa
fy
f'y
fyh
H
h

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

hc
hf
Icr
IE
Ie
Ig

=
=
=
=
=
=

Is
K

=
=

kc
kf
kh
ks
L

=
=
=
=
=

lc

ld
l db

=
=

l dh

le

l hb
l hd
li
lu
Ma

=
=
=
=
=

ng sut trong thp d ng lc ngay sau khi truyn lc (MPa) (5.9.3)

cng ko quy nh ca thp d ng lc(MPa) (5.4.4.1)
gii hn chy ca thp d ng lc(MPa) (5.4.4.1)
cng chu ko khi un ca b tng (MPa) (5.4.2.6)
ng sut ko trong ct thp do ti trng s dng (MPa) (5.7.3.4)
gii hn chy ti thiu quy nh ca thanh ct thp (MPa) (5.5.4.2.1)
gii hn chy ti thiu quy nh ca ct thp chu nn (MPa) (5.7.3.1.1)
gii hn chy quy nh ca ct thp ngang (MPa) (5.7.4.6)
m tng i bao quanh trung bnh nm (%) (5.4.2.3.2)
tng chiu dy hoc chiu cao cu kin (mm); kch thc ngang ca mt ct ngang
theo phng c xt (mm) (5.8.2.7) (5.10.9.6.3)
kch thc li ca ct b ai theo phng xem xt (mm) (5.10.11.4.1d)
chiu cao bn cnh chu nn (mm) (5.7.3.1.1)
m men qun tnh ca mt ct b nt, tnh i ra b tng (mm4) ((5.7.3.6.2)
i vi thi cng phn on: Lc ng ca thit b (N) (5.14.2.3.2)
m men qun tnh hu hiu (mm4) (5.7.3.6.2)
m men qun tnh ca mt ct nguyn i vi trng tm, khng tnh ct thp (mm4)
(5.7.3.6.2)
m men qun tnh ca ct thp ly vi trng tm ct (mm4) (5.7.4.3)
h s chiu di hu hiu ca cu kin chu nn; h s ma st lc (trn n v mm b
thp) (5.7.4.1) (5.9.5.2.2b)
h s i vi tc dng ca t l th tch trn b mt (5.4.2.3.2)
h s xt nh hng ca cng b tng (5.4.2.3.2)
h s m (5.4.2.3.3)
h s kch c (5.4.2.3.3)
chiu di nhp (mm); Chiu di ca bn gi hoc m gi (mm) (5.7.3.1.2)
(5.13.2.5.4)
phn trin khai theo chiu dc ca ct thp hn ch n ngang trong vng cc b
khng ln hn gi tr ln hn ca 1,15aeff hoc1,15 beff (mm); chiu di chng ca
mi ni chng chu nn (mm) (5.10.9.6.2) (5.11.5.5.1)l
chiu di trin khai (mm) (5.11.1.2.1)
chiu di trin khai c bn ca ct thp thng nhn vi h s iu chnh xc
nh l d (mm) (5.11.2.1.1)
chiu di trin khai ca mc tiu chun chu ko, o t mt ct ti hn n u
ngoi ca mc (mm) (5.11.2.4.1)
chiu di hu hiu ca b thp (mm), chiu di ngm vt qu mc ai tiu chun
(mm) (5.7.3.1.2) (5.11.2.6.2)
chiu di trin khai c bn ca mc chu ko tiu chun (mm) (5.11.2.4.1)
chiu di trin khai i vi tm li si c g (mm) (5.11.2.5.1)
chiu di chu ko gia cc neo (mm) (5.7.3.1.2)
chiu di khng ta ca cu kin chu nn (mm) (5.7.4.1)
m men ln nht trong cu kin giai on tnh bin dng (N.mm) (5.7.3.6.2)

Mc
Mcr
Mn
Mr
Mrx
Mry

=
=
=
=
=
=

m men phng i dng thit k cu kin mnh chu nn (N.mm) (5.7.4.3)

m men nt ( N.mm) (5.7.3.6.2)
sc khng un danh nh ( N.mm) (5.7.3.2.1)
sc khng un tnh ton ca mt ct chu un ( N.mm) (5.7.3.2.1)
sc khng un tnh ton n trc ca mt ct theo phng trc X (N.mm) (5.7.4.5)
sc khng un tnh ton n trc ca mt ct theo phng trc Y (N.mm) (5.7.4.5)

Tiu chun thit k cu

Mux
Muy
M1

=
=
=

M2

m
N
NR
Ns

=
=
=
=

Nu
Nuc

=
=

Pc
Pn

=
=

P0
PPR
Pr

=
=
=

Prx
Prxy
Pry
Ps
Pu

=
=
=
=
=

pc
Ph
R
r
r/h
S
SH
s

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

Sw
Tburst

=
=

Tcr
Tia

=
=

136

thnh phn m men do ti trng tnh ton theo phng trc X (N.mm) (5.7.4.5)
thnh phn m men do ti trng tnh ton theo phng trc Y (N.mm) (5.7.4.5)
m men u c gi tr nh hn ca cu kin chu nn trng thi gii hn cng
do ti trng tnh ton tc ng (N.mm) (5.7.4.3)
m men u c gi tr ln hn ca cu kin chu nn trng thi gii hn cng
do ti trng tnh ton tc ng (N.mm) (5.7.4.3)
h s iu chnh (5.7.5)
s lng b thp d ng lc ging nhau (5.9.5.2.3b)
sc khng ko tnh ton ca i thanh thp ngang (N) (5.13.2.3)
s lng cc khp ta c cc b thp i qua gia cc neo hay cc im dnh bm
ring bit (5.7.3.1.2)
lc dc trc tnh ton tc dng ly l dng nu l ko (N) (5.8.3.4.2)
lc dc trc tnh ton thng gc vi mt ct ngang xy ra cng lc vi Vu, ly l
dng khi ko v m khi nn, bao gm tc ng ko do t bin v co ngt (N)
(5.13.2.4.1)
h s m un = Es/Ec hoc Ep/Ec ; s neo trong mt lp; hnh chiu ca bn y
ngoi l nm hoc tm nm khi thch hp (mm) (5.7.1) (5.10.9.6.2) (5.10.9.7.2)
lc nn tnh thng xuyn (N) (5.8.4.1)
sc khng dc trc danh nh ca mt ct (N); sc khng dc trc danh nh ca
chng hoc ging (N); sc khng danh nh (N) (5.5.4.2.1) (5.6.3.2) (5.7.5)
sc khng dc trc danh nh ca mt ct khi lch tm bng 0.0 (N) (5.7.4.5)
t l d ng lcmt phn (5.5.4.2.1)
sc khng dc trc tnh ton ca chng v ging (N); sc khng tnh ton ca
neo (N); sc khng n tnh ton ca vng neo d ng lc do ct thp ngang chu (N)
(5.6.3.2) (5.10.9.7.2) (5.10.10.1)
sc khng dc trc tnh ton ng vi Mrx (N) (5.7.4.5)
sc khng dc trc tnh ton ng vi cht ti hai trc (N) (5.7.4.5)
sc khng dc trc tnh ton ng vi Mry (N) (5.7.4.5)
lc neo tnh ton ln nht (N) (5.10.9.3.4b)
ng lc dc trc tnh ton hoc lc b thp tnh ton (N); ti trng tnh ton ca b
thp cho 1 neo ring l (N) (5.7.4.3) ( 5.10.9.3.6)
chu vi ngoi ca mt ct b tng (mm) (5.8.2.1)
chu vi theo tim ca ct thp xon ngang kn (mm) (5.8.3.6.1)
bn knh cong ca b thp v tr xem xt (mm) ( 5.10.4.3.1)
bn knh quay ca mt ct nguyn (mm) (5.7.4.1)
t s gia bn knh y vi chiu cao ca cc bin dng ngang tri qua (5.5.3.2)
c ly tim n tim gi dc theo g dm (mm) (5.13.2.5.2)
co ngt (5.14.2.3.2)
c ly cc thanh ct thp (mm); c ly cc hng ai ging (mm); khong cch tim n tim
neo (mm); c ly cc thanh thp treo (mm) (5.8.2.5) (5.8.4.1) (5.10.9.3.6) (5.10.9.6.2)
(5.13.2.5.5)
c ly cc si thp c trin khai hoc ni (mm) (5.11.2.5.1)
lc ko trong vng neo tc dng pha trc thit b neo v ngang qua trc b thp
(N) (5.10.9.6.3)
sc khng nt do xon (N.mm) (5.8.2.1)
lc ko ging tr li neo gia (trung gian) (N) (5.10.9.3.4b)

Tiu chun thit k cu

Tn
Tr
T1
T2
t

=
=
=
=
=

ti
U
Vc
Vn
Vr
Vs
v
WE
WUP
Xu

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

W/C
x

=
=

yc
yt
Z

=
=
=
=

=
=

fcdp

fpA
fpCR
fpES
fpF
fpR
fpR1

=
=
=
=
=
=

137

sc khng xon danh nh (N.mm) (5.8.2.1)

sc khng xon tnh ton do dng ct trn (N.mm) (5.8.2.1)
lc ko mp (N) (5.10.9.3.6)
lc n ngang (N) (5.10.9.3.6)
thi gian (ngy); b dy ca vch (mm); chiu dy ca mt ct (mm); chiu dy bnh
qun ca bn (mm) (5.4.2.3.2); (5.7.4.7.1); (5.10.9.6.2) (5.10.9.7.2)
tui b tng khi ti trng bt u tc dng (ngy) (5.4.2.3.2)
i vi thi cng phn on: mt cn bng phn on (N) (5.14.2.3.2)
sc khng ct danh nh do ng sut ko trong b tng (N) (5.8.2.4)
sc khng ct danh nh ca mt ct xem xt (N) (5.8.2.1)
sc khng ct tnh ton (N) (5.8.2.1)
sc khng ct ca ct thp chu ct (N) (5.8.3.3)
ng sut ct tnh ton (MPa) (5.8.3.4.2)
i vi thi cng phn on: ti trng gi ngang trn thit b (N) (5.14.2.3.2)
i vi thi cng phn on: lc gi thc tc dng ln dm hng (MPa) (5.14.2.3.2)
chiu di tnh ca mt on c chiu dy khng i ca mt vch gia cc vch
khc hoc cc ng mp tng cng gia cc vch (mm)
t l nc/ xi mng (5.12.3)
chiu di ca b thp cng trc tnh t u kch n bt k im no ang xem xt
(mm) (5.9.5.2.2b)
t trng b tng (Kg/m3) (5.4.2.4)
khong cch t trc trung ho n th chu ko ngoi cng (mm) (5.7.3.6.2)
thng s khng ch nt (5.7.3.4)
gc nghing ca ct thp ngang i vi trc dc (); tng thay i gc ca ng cp
d ng lc t u kch n im xem xt (radian); gc nghing ca lc b thp so vi
tim cu kin () (5.8.3.3) (5.9.5.2.2b) (5.10..9.6.3)
tng thay i gc nm ngang ca ng cp d ng lc t u kch n im xem
xt (radian) (5.9.5.2.2b)
gc gia thanh chng chu nn v thanh ging chu ko lin k () (5.6.3.3.3)
tng thay i gc ng ca ng d ng lc t u kch n im xem xt
(radian) (5.9.5.2.2b)
h s lin quan n nh hng ca ng bin dc ln kh nng chu ct ca b tng th
hin bi kh nng ca b tng b nt cho truyn lc ko; t s cnh di trn cnh
ngn ca mng (5.8.3.3) (5.13.3.5) (5.7.3.4)
t s gia din tch ct thp b ngt trn tng din tch ct thp chu ko trong mt
ct.
t s gia cnh di trn cnh ngn ca vng ti trng tp trung hoc phn lc
(5.13.3.6.3).
t s gia m men tnh ti tnh ton max trn m men do tng ti trng tnh ton
max, lun lun dng (5.7.4.3).
t s gia chiu cao vng chu nn c ng sut phn b u tng ng c gi
nh trng thi gii hn cng trn chiu cao vng chu nn thc (5.7.2.2)
thay i trong ng sut b tng ti trng tm thp d ng lc do tt c tnh ti, tr
tnh ti tc ng lc t lc d ng lc(MPa) (5.9.5.4.3)
mt mt ng sut ct thp d ng lc do b neo (MPa) (5.9.5.1)
mt mt ng sut ct thp d ng lc do t bin (MPa) (5.9.5.1)
mt mt ng sut ct thp d ng lc do co ngn n hi (MPa) (5.9.5.1)
mt mt ng sut ct thp d ng lc do ma st (MPa) (5.9.5.1)
tng mt mt ng sut ct thp d ng lc do t chng ca ct thp (MPa) (5.9.5.1)
mt mt ng sut ct thp d ng lc do t chng ca ct thp lc truyn lc (MPa)
(5.9.5.4.4b)

Tiu chun thit k cu

fpR2

fpSR
fpT
cu
s

=
=
=
=

sh
x

=
=

=
=
=

=
=
=
=
=
=

min
s
v

=
=
=

(t, ti)

138

mt mt ng sut ct thp d ng lc do t chng ca ct thp sau truyn lc (MPa)

(5.9.5.4.4c)
mt mt ng sut ct thp d ng lc do co ngt (MPa) (5.9.5.1)
mt mt ng sut tng cng trong ct thp d ng lc (MPa) (5.9.5.1)
ng bin ph v ca b tng chu nn (mm/mm) (5.7.3.1.2)
ng bin ko trong b tng nt theo phng ca ging chu ko (mm/mm)
(5.6.3.3.3)
ng bin co ngt b tng thi im cho (mm/mm) (5.4.2.3.3)
ng bin dc trong ct thp bn bng trn pha chu ko un ca b phn
(mm/mm) (5.8.3.4.2)
ng bin ko ch trong b tng nt do ti trng tnh ton (mm/mm)
(5.6.3.3.3)
gc nghing ca ng sut nn cho () (5.8.3.3)
gc gia chng chu nn v trc dc ca cu kin trong m hnh gin chu ct ca
dm () (5.6.3.3.2)
h s iu chnh i vi cc neo t st nhau (5.10.9.6.2)
thng s dng xc nh h s ma st (5.8.4.2)
h s mnh ca vch i vi cc ct rng (5.7.4.7.1)
h s ma st (5.8.4.1)
h s sc khng (5.5.4.2.1)
t s gia din tch ct thp chu ct nm ngang trn tng din tch nguyn b tng
ca mt ct ng (5.10.11.4.2)
t s nh nht ca ct thp chu ko trn din tch b tng hu hiu
t s ca ct thp xon trn tng th tch li ct (5.7.4.6)
t s ca din tch ct thp ct ng trn tng din tch nguyn ca b tng ca mt
ct nm ngang (5.10.11.4.2)
h s t bin - t s ng bin do t bin tn ti ngy t sau khi b tng trn ng
bin n hi do ti trng pi tc ng ngy ti sau khi b tng (5.4.2.3.2).

5.4. Cc tnh cht ca vt liu

5.4.1. Tng qut
Cc thit k phi da trn cc tnh cht ca vt liu c ni ti trong Tiu chun ny v da trn c s
dng cc vt liu tun theo tiu chun v cp hng ca cc vt liu xy dng quy nh trong Tp II thi
cng, Tiu chun cu ng t.
Khi cc cp hng khc hoc cc loi vt liu khc c a vo s dng, th cc tnh cht ca chng, k
c s sai bin thng k phi c thit lp trc khi thit k. Cc Tiu chun ti thiu c chp nhn
v cc th tc th nghim cho cc loi vt liu nh vy phi c quy nh trong h s hp ng.
Trong h s hp ng phi ch r cc cp hay cc tnh cht ca tt c cc loi vt liu c a vo
s dng.
5.4.2. B tng kt cu c t trng bnh thng v thp

5.4.2.1. Cng chu nn

139

Tiu chun thit k cu

i vi tng cu kin, cng chu nn quy nh, fc, hay cp b tng phi c quy nh r trong ti
liu hp ng.
B tng c cng chu nn ln hn 70 MPa ch c dng khi c cc th nghim vt l xc lp c
cc quan h gia cng chu nn ca b tng vi cc tnh cht khc. Khng c dng cc loi b
tng c cng chu nn tui 28 ngy thp hn 16 MPa cho cc loi kt cu.
Cng chu nn quy nh ca b tng d ng lc v bn mt cu khng c thp hn 28 MPa.
i vi kt cu b tng c t trng thp, th mt l rng, cng v cc tnh cht khc phi ch
nh r trong ti liu hp ng.
i vi b tng cp A, A(AE) v P dng trong v trn nc mn, t l nc/ximng khng c vt
qu 0,45.
Tng cng lng xi mng Portland v cc vt liu cha xi mng khc khng c vt qu 475 kg/m3
b tng.
B tng cun kh gi l "AE" trong Phn 808 ca Tiu chun thi cng, phi dng nhng ni b tng
tip xc vi nc mn hoc cc mi trng c hi tim tng khc.

5.4.2.2. H s gin n nhit

H s gin n nhit nn xc nh bng th nghim trong phng theo loi b tng c cp phi c em
dng.
Trong trng hp thiu cc s liu chnh xc, h s gin n nhit c th ly nh sau :

B tng c t trng thng thng: 10,8 x 10-6/ oC , v

B tng c t trng thp :

9,0 x 10-6/ oC

140

Tiu chun thit k cu

5.4.2.3. Co ngt v t bin

5.4.2.3.1. Tng qut
Cc gi tr co ngt v t bin, quy nh y v trong cc iu 5.9.5.3 v 5.9.5.4, phi c dng
xc nh hiu ng ca co ngt v t bin n mt mt d ng lctrong cc cu d ng lc khng thi
cng theo phng php phn on. Nhng gi tr ny c mi lin h vi mmen qun tnh, nh quy
nh iu 5.7.3.6.2, c th c dng xc nh hiu ng ca co ngt v t bin n vng.
Khi khng c cc s liu chnh xc hn, h s co ngt c th gi thit l 0,0002 sau 28 ngy v 0,0005
sau mt nm kh.
Khi khng c sn s liu v thit k cp phi, vic xc nh co ngt v t bin c th dng cc quy
nh sau :

Cc iu 5.4.2.3.2 v 5.4.2.3.3,

Tiu chun CEB - FIP model code, hoc

ACI 209.

i vi cu thi cng theo phng php phn on (c hng, c y - nd) phi tnh mt cch chnh
xc hn bao gm vic xt n cc tc ng ca :

Vt liu c th,

Cc kch thc kt cu,

iu kin cng trng,

Phng php thi cng.

5.4.2.3.2. T bin
H s t bin c th xc nh nh sau :

(t t i )
H 0,118

3,5k c k f 1.58
t i
0,6
120
10.0 + (t t i )

0,6

(t,ti) =

kf =

62
42 + f c

(5.4.2.3.2-1)

(5.4.2.3.2-2)

y:
H

m tng i (%)

kc

h s xt n nh hng ca t l khi lng/ b mt ca b phn kt cu th hin

Hnh 1.

kf

h s xt n nh hng ca cng b tng

tui ca b tng (ngy)

ti

tui ca b tng khi bt u chu lc (ngy).

141

Tiu chun thit k cu

Khi khng c cc thng tin chnh xc hn, H c th xc nh theo Hnh 5.4.2.3.3.1.

Th tch

h s hiu chnh kc

Din tch mt

(t-t1)Thi gian cht tI (ngy)

Hnh 5.4.2.3.2.1 - H s kc ph thuc vo t l th tch trn b mt

xc nh tui ca b tng ti thi im t ti u tin, ti, khi bo dng b tng bng hi nc hoc
bc x nhit th tui mt ngy tnh bng tui 7 ngy khi b tng c bo dng theo phng php
thng thng.
Din tch b mt dng xc nh t l th tch trn b mt ch tnh cc din tch b mt tip xc vi
kh quyn. i vi cc mt ct hp kn m kh nng thng gi km th ch tnh 50% din tch b mt
bn trong cu hp.
5.4.2.3.3. Co ngt
i vi b tng c bo dng m, ct liu khng co ngt, ng bin do co ngt, sh, ti thi im t, c
th xc nh nh sau :

t
3
sh = k s k h
0,51 10
35,0 + t

(5.4.2.3.3-1)

trong :
t

thi gian kh (ngy)

ks

h s kch thc quy nh Hnh 1

kh

h s m, ni chung phi ly bng 1,00; nhng vng m m tng i trung

bnh hng nm bao quanh vt qu 80% c th ly bng 0,86.

Nu b tng bo dng m c l ra ngoi trc 5 ngy bo dng tri qua th gi tr co ngt c

xc nh theo Cng thc 1 cn tng ln 20%.
i vi b tng c bo dng bng hi nc c ct liu khng c co ngt,

t
3
sh = k s k h
0,56 10
55,0 + t

(5.4.2.3.3-2)

142

Tiu chun thit k cu

Th tch

h s hiu chnh ks

Din tch mt

Thi gian kh (ngy)

Hnh 5.4.2.3.3-1- H s ks v t l th tch trn b mt

5.4.2.3. M un n HI
Khi khng c cc s liu chnh xc hn, m un n hi, Ec, ca cc loi b tng c t trng trong
khong t 1440 n 2500 kg/m3, c th ly nh sau :
1,5

Ec = 0,043 y c

fc

(5.4.2.4-1)

trong :
yc

t trng ca b tng (kg/m3)

fc

cng quy nh ca b tng (MPa)

5.4.2.5. H s Poisson
Tr trng hp c xc nh bng th nghim vt l, h s Poisson c th ly bng 0.2. i vi cu kin
cho php xut hin nt, c th khng xt n hiu ng Poisson .

5.4.2.6. Cng chu ko khi un (m un ph hoi)

Nu khng c s liu xc nh bng cc th nghim vt l th cng chu ko khi un fr tnh bng
MPa, c th xc nh nh sau :

i vi b tng c t trng thng thng : ......................................................................... 0,63 fc

i vi b tng ct c t trng thp : .................................................................................0,52

i vi b tng t trng thp cc loi : ............................................................................ 0,45 fc

fc

5.4.2.7. Cng chu ko

C th xc nh cng chu ko trc tip theo ASTM C900 "Phng php th nghim chun cng
chu ko ca b tng cng" hoc theo AASHTO T198 (ASTM C 496) "Phng php th nghim ch
tiu chun xc nh cng chu ko ca mu b tng hnh tr ".

Tiu chun thit k cu

143

5.4.3. Ct thp

5.4.3.1.Tng qut
Ct thp thanh, thp trn, thp c g, thp si ko ngui, li si thp trn hn, li si thp c g hn,
phi tun th theo cc tiu chun vt liu quy nh trong Phn 809 ca Tiu chunThi cng.
Ct thp phi l loi c g, tr khi dng cc thanh thp trn, si thp trn trn lm thp ai xon, lm
mc treo, v lm li thp.
Gii hn chy danh nh ca ct thp phi l ti thiu nh ch ra ca cp thp c chn, tr khi gii
hn chy vt qu 520 MPa s khng dng cho mc ch thit k. Gii hn chy hay cp ca thp si
phi quy nh r trong hp ng thu. Ch c dng thp thanh c gii hn chy nh hn 420 MPa khi
c s chp thun ca Ch u t.
Khi tnh do ca ct thp c m bo hoc ct thp phi hn cn ch r ct thp phi theo yu cu
ca ASTM A706M "thanh thp c g bng thp hp kim thp dng cho kt cu b tng ct thp".

5.4.3.2. M un n hi
M un n hi, Es, ca ct thp phi ly bng 200 000 MPa.

5.4.3.3. Cc ng dng c bit

Ct thp no phi hn v phng php hn phi c ch r trong h s thu.
V tr no phi dng ct thp sn ph poxy phi c ch r trong h s thu.
5.4.4. Thp d ng lc

5.4.4.1. Tng qut

Cc loi tao cp d ng lc, 7 si khng sn ph, c kh ng sut, hoc c t chng thp, hoc
cc thanh thp khng sn ph cng cao, trn hay c g, phi ph hp vi tiu chun vt liu quy
nh trong Tiu chun thi cng cu:

AASHTO M203M (ASTM A416M) - Tao thp 7 si d ng lc khng sn ph, c kh ng sut

cho b tng d ng lc hoc

AASHTO M275M (ASTM A722) - Thp thanh cng cao khng sn ph dng cho b tng d
ng lc.

Gii hn ko v gii hn chy ca cc loi thp ny c th ly trong Bng 1 di y.

144

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 5.4.4.1-1 - Tnh cht ca tao cp thp v thp thanh d ng lc

Vt
liu

hoc cp mc thp

ng knh
(mm)

Cng
chu ko fpu
(MPa)

Gii hn chy fpy (MPa)

Tao
thp

1725 MPa (Mc 250)

6.35 n 15.24

1725

85% ca fpungoi tr 90%

ca fpu vi tao cp t chng
thp

1860 MPa (Mc 270)

9.53 n 15.24

1860

Thp
thanh

Loi 1, thp trn

19 n 35

1035

85% ca fpu

Loi 2, thp c g

15 n 36

1035

80% ca fpu

Nu trong h s thu c cc chi tit v d ng lc th phi ch r kch thc v mc hoc loi thp. Nu
trong h s ch quy nh lc ko d ng lc v v tr t th vic chn kch c thp v loi thp do nh
thu la chn v k s gim st duyt.

5.4.4.2. M un n hi
Nu khng c cc s liu chnh xc hn, m un n hi ca thp d ng lc, da trn din tch mt ct
ngang danh nh ca thp, c th ly nh sau :
i vi tao thp : Ep = 197 000 MPa v
i vi thanh

: Ep = 207 000 MPa

5.4.5. Neo d ng lc ko sau v ni cp

Neo v mi ni cp phi c cu to theo cc yu cu ca cc Tiu chun tng ng.

Phi tin hnh bo v chng g cho cp, neo, cc u neo v cc mi ni cp.
5.4.6. ng bc cp
5.4.6.1. Tng qut
ng bc cho cp phi l loi cng hoc loi na cng bng thp m km hoc bng nha hoc to l
trong b tng bng li ly ra c.

Bn knh cong ca ng bc khng c nh hn 6000 mm, tr vng neo c th cho php nh ti

3600 mm.
Khng c dng ng bc bng nha khi bn knh cong nh hn 9000 mm.
Khi dng ng bc bng nha cho loi cp c dnh bm th phi xem xt c tnh dnh bm ca ng
nha vi b tng v va.
Hiu qu p lc ca va ln ng bc v vng b tng xung quanh phi c kim tra.
C ly ln nht gia cc im k c nh ng bc trong khi thi cng phi c quy nh trong
h s thu.

Tiu chun thit k cu

145

5.4.6.2. Kch thc ca ng bc cp

ng knh trong ca ng bc t nht phi ln hn ng knh ca thanh thp d ng lc n hay b
cp d ng lc 6 mm. i vi loi thp d ng lc nhiu thanh v b cp d ng lc th din tch mt
ct ca ng bc t nht phi ln hn 2 ln din tch tnh ca mt ct b thp d ng lc, khi lp t b
cp bng phng php ko sau th din tch mt ct ca ng bc phi gp 2,5 ln din tch mt ct
ca b cp.
Kch thc ca ng bc khng c vt qu 0,4 ln b dy b tng nguyn nh nht ti v tr t
ng bc.

5.4.6.3. ng bc ti v tr neo chuyn hng

ng bc v tr chuyn hng phi l ng thp m ph hp vi tiu chun ca ASTM A53, loi E, cp
B. dy danh nh ca thnh ng khng c nh hn 3 mm.
5.5. Cc trng thi gii hn
5.5.1. Tng qut

Cc b phn kt cu phi c cu to tho mn cc yu cu cc trng thi gii hn s dng, mi, cng

v cc trng thi gii hn cc hn.
Cc cu kin b tng d ng lc ton phn v b tng d ng lc mt phn phi c kim tra ng sut
v bin dng cho tng giai on c th l ti hn trong qu trnh thi cng, cng ko d ng lc, xp
kho, vn chuyn v lp rp cng nh trong qu trnh khai thc kt cu m chng l mt phn.
Phi kim ton ng sut tp trung gy ra do lc cng d ng lc hoc do ti trng, do bin dng kim
ch hoc cng bc.
5.5.2. Trng thi gii hn s dng

Cc ni dung cn phi c kim ton trng thi gii hn s dng l nt, bin dng v ng sut trong
b tng nh quy nh tng ng trong cc iu 5.7.3.4, 5.7.3.6 v 5.9.4.
ng sut nt phi c ly vi cng chu ko khi un trong iu 5.4.2.6.
5.5.3. Trng thi gii hn mi

5.5.3.1. Tng qut

Khng cn kim ton mi cho bn mt cu b tng trong cc kt cu nhiu dm.
Trong vng chu ng sut nn do ti trng thng xuyn v d ng lc trong cc kt cu BTCT v
BTDL 1 ch kim ton mi nu ng sut nn nh hn 2 ln ng sut ko ln nht gy ra do hot ti t
hp t ti trng tnh mi nh ch ra Bng 3.4.1.1 km theo ch dn ca iu 3.6.1.4.
Khng cn kim ton mi ca ct thp trong trng hp cu kin b tng d ng lc ton phn
c thit k m bo cho ng sut ko th ngoi cng theo trng thi gii hn s dng khng
vt qu gii hn ng sut ko quy nh trong iu 5.9.4.2.2b.

146

Tiu chun thit k cu

Khi cn phi xt n iu kin mi th vic xc nh phm vi thay i ng sut phi dng t hp ti

trng tnh mi nh ch dn Bng 3.4.1.1.
c trng mt ct tnh mi da trn mt ct b nt do tng s ng sut do ti trng thng xuyn, lc
d ng lc v 1,5 ln ti trng mi l chu ko v vt qu 0,25 fc .

5.5.3.2. Cc thanh ct thp

Bin ng sut trong thanh ct thp thng, do t hp ti trng mi, qui nh trong bng 3.4.1-1 khng
c vt qu :

r
f f = 145 0,33fmin + 55
h

(5.5.5.2.1)

trong :
ff

bin ng sut (MPa)

fmin

mc ng sut nh nht theo gi tr i s xy ra do t hp ti trng mi nh quy nh trong

Bng 3.4.1-1, kt hp vi cc ng sut pht sinh do cc ti trng thng xuyn hoc ti
trng thng xuyn, co ngt v ti trng do t bin, ly gi tr dng khi chu ko, gi tr
m khi chu nn (MPa).

r/h

t s gia bn knh y vi chiu cao ca cc bin dng ngang tri qua. Nu gi tr thc
ny khng bit, c th ly bng 0,3.

5.5.3.3. B cp d ng lc
Phm vi bin thin ng sut trong b cp d ng lckhng c vt qu :

125 MPa i vi cp c bn knh cong ln hn 9000 mm v

70 MPa i vi cp c bn knh cong nh hn 3600 mm.

i vi cp c bn knh cong gia cc tr s 3600 mm v 9000 mm phm vi bin thin ng sut c

th ly theo tr s ni suy tuyn tnh.

5.5.3.4. Cc mi ni hn hoc mi ni buc chng ca ct thp

i vi cc mi ni hn hoc mi ni buc chng chu tc dng ca cc ti trng trng phc th
bin ng sut ff khng c vt qu cng chu mi danh nh nu trong Bng 1

147

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 5.5.3.4.1 Cng chu mi danh nh ca cc mi ni

Loi mi ni
Mng sng nhi va, ct thp ph
epxy hoc khng
Mng sng ghp bng cch p
ngui khng c ren u, ct thp
ph c hoc khng ph epxy;
B ni c rn nguyn khi c ren
NC chn
Mng sng thp c nm;
B ni ren hnh vt ming n
(taper-threaded); v mi hn i
u trc tip rnh hnh V n
Cc loi mi ni khc

i vi ff s chu k
ln hn 1.000.000
126 MPa
84 MPa

28 MPa

Trong trng hp tng s chu k tc dng ca ti trng, Ncyc , t hn 1 triu, ff c th c ly tng

thm mt lng 168 (6-log Ncyc) tnh bng MPa n mt tng lng tng khng ln hn gi tr ca
ff tnh theo phng trnh 5.5.3.2-1 trong iu 5.5.3.2. Cc gi tr cao hn ca ff cho ti gi tr tnh
theo phng trnh 5.5.3.2-1 c th c s dng nu c xc minh bng s liu th nghim mi
trn cc mi ni ging nh cc mi ni s c s dng trong cng trnh.
5.5.4. Trng thi gii hn cng

5.5.4.1. Tng qut

Trng thi gii hn cng dng kim ton v cng v n nh.
Sc khng tnh ton l tch ca sc khng danh nh c xc nh theo quy nh cc iu 5.6, 5.7,
5.8, 5.9, 5.10, 5.13 v 5.14 tr khi cc trng thi gii hn khc c quy nh c bit, nhn vi h s
sc khng c quy nh iu 5.5.4.2.

5.5.4.2. H s sc khng
5.5.4.2.1. Thi cng theo phng php thng thng

H s sc khng ly nh sau:

Dng cho un v ko b tng ct thp :. 0,90

Dng cho un v ko b tng ct thp d ng lc: . 1,00

Dng cho ct v xon :

b tng t trng thng thng ................................................................................................0,90
b tng t trng thp ..............................................................................................................0,70

Dng cho trng hp chu nn dc trc vi ct thp xon hoc thp ging - tr quy nh
iu 5.10.11.4.1b cho ng t vng 3 trng thi gii hn c bit .. 0,75

Dng cho trng hp ta trn b tng ..0,70

Dng cho trng hp nn trong m hnh chng v ging .. 0,70

148

Tiu chun thit k cu

Dng cho trng hp chu nn trong vng neo :

B tng t trng thng thng ..................................................................................................0,80
B tng t trng thp ............................................................................................................... 0,60

Dng cho thp chu ko trong vng neo ......................................................................................1,00

Dng cho sc khng trong khi ng cc ......................................................................................1,00

i vi b phn chu nn un, gi tr c th tng tuyn tnh ti gi tr cho kt cu chu un nh sc

khng ti trng dc trc tnh ton, Pn gim t 0,10 fc Ag ti 0.
i vi kt cu d ng lc mt phn chu un vi ko hoc khng ko, gi tr c th ly nh sau :
= 0.90 + 0.1(PPR)

(5.5.4.2.1-1)

trong :

PPR =

A ps fpy
A ps fpy + A s fy

PPR =

t l d ng lc mt phn.

As

din tch ct thp khng d ng lc(mm2).

Aps

din tch thp d ng lc(mm2)

fy

gii hn chy ca ct thp (MPa).

fpy

gii hn chy ca thp d ng lc(MPa).

(5.5.4.2.1-2)

H s sc khng khng p dng cho vic ko di ct thp ni chng nh quy nh trong iu 5.11.
5.5.4.2.2. Thi cng theo phn on
Phi ly cc h s sc khng trng thi gii hn cng theo quy nh trong bng 1 cho cc
iu kin c ch nh v theo iu 5.5.4.2.1 cho cc iu kin khng nu trong Bng 1.
Trong trng hp la chn cc h s sc khng un, f, ct v xon, v, v ct trong cc mi ni
kh, i, c xc nh theo cc quy nh ca iu 5.8.5, th phi xt n c hai yu t: Loi khe
ni gia cc phn on v dnh bm ca h thng ko sau. i vi b thp c xem l dnh
bm hon ton mt mt ct, cn phi trin khai y b thp ti mt ct vi mt chiu di
khai trin khng t hn tr s quy nh trong iu 5.11.4.
C th cho php dng chiu di chn ngm ngn hn, nu c chng minh bng th nghim theo
kch thc thc t v c k s chp thun.
Nu ct thp cng ko sau l mt t hp ca cc b thp dnh bm hon ton v b thp khng dnh
bm hoc cc b thp dnh bm mt phn, th h s sc khng bt k mt ct no cng phi da trn
cc iu kin dnh bm i vi cc b thp cung cp phn ln ng lc trc ti mt ct ny.
Cc mi ni btng ti ch v cc mi ni btng t hoc poxy gia cc khi c sn phi
coi l mi ni loi A.

149

Tiu chun thit k cu

Phi xt cc mi ni kh thuc cc mi ni loi B.

Bng 5.5.4.2.2-1. H s sc khng i vi cc mi ni khi thi cng theo phn on

f un
v ct
B tng t trng thng
Cc b thp dnh bm
hon ton
Mi ni loi A
0,95
0,90
Cc b thp khng dnh
bm hoc dnh bm mt
phn
Mi ni loi A
0,90
0,85
Mi ni loi B
0,85
0,85
B tng - ct t trng thp
Cc b thp dnh bm
hon ton
Mi ni loi A
0,90
0,70
Cc b thp khng dnh
bm hoc dnh bm mt
phn
Mi ni loi A
0,85
0,65
Mi ni loi B
0,80
0,65

j mi ni

0,75

0,60

5.5.4.2.3. Cc yu cu c bit cho vng ng t 3

i vi kt cu ct trong vng ng t 3 dng h s sc khng chit gim nh quy nh trong

iu 5.10.11.4.1b.

5.5.4.3. n nh
Ton b kt cu cng nh tng b phn ca n phi c thit k chng trt, lt, nh v cong on.
Tc ng ca ti trng lch tm phi c xt n trong phn tch v thit k.
Phi kim ton s cong on ca cc cu kin c sn trong qu trnh xp kho, vn chuyn v lp rp.
5.5.5. Trng thi gii hn c bit

Ton b kt cu cng nh cc cu kin ca n phi c cu to tng xng chng sp do cc tc

ng c bit nh nu trong Bng 3.4.1-1, ng thi phi ph hp vi iu kin a phng v iu
kin s dng.
5.6. Cc nghin cu thit k
5.6.1. Tng qut

Cc cu kin v mi ni phi c thit k chu cc t hp ti trng, nh quy nh Phn 3, tt c

cc giai on trong thi gian tn ti ca cu, k c trong qu trnh xy dng. Cc h s ti trng phi
theo quy nh trong Phn 3.
Nh quy nh Phn 4, s cn bng v tng ng ng bin phi c duy tr trong qu trnh phn
tch.

150

Tiu chun thit k cu

5.6.2. Hiu ng ca bin dng cng bc

Hiu ng ca bin dng cng bc do co ngt, thay i nhit , t bin, ng lc trc v chuyn v gi
phi c xem xt.
5.6.3. M hnh chng-v-ging ( M hnh gin o)

5.6.3.1. Tng qut

Khi kim ton cc trng thi gii hn cng v c bit, c th dng m hnh chng v ging xc
nh ni lc gn gi v cc im c t lc tp trung.
M hnh chng-v-ging cn c xem xt khi thit k cc mng dy v b cc hoc cc trng hp
khc m khong cch gia cc im t lc v cc phn lc gi nh hn khong 2 ln b dy ca cu kin.
Nu m hnh chng v ging c p dng cho vic tnh ton kt cu th phi p dng cc iu t
5.6.3.2 n iu 5.6.3.6.

5.6.3.2. M hnh ha kt cu
Mt kt cu v cu kin hay mt vng kt cu c th c m hnh ho nh mt t hp ca cc ging
thp chu ko v cc thanh chng b tng chu nn ni vi nhau ti cc nt to thnh mt kt cu
gin o c kh nng chu c tt c cc lc t vo truyn ti cc gi. Chiu rng yu cu ca cc
thanh chu nn v chu ko s c xem xt khi xc nh yu t hnh hc ca gin o.
Sc khng tnh ton, Pr , ca cc thanh chu ko v nn s c coi nh cc cu kin chu lc dc trc :
Pr = Pn

(5.6.3.2-1)

trong :
Pn

cng danh nh ca thanh chng nn hoc ging ko (N)

h s sc khng cho trng hp chu ko hoc nn c quy nh trong iu 5.5.4.2.

c ly mt cch tng ng

5.6.3.3. nh kch thc ca thanh chng chu nn

5.6.3.3.1. Cng ca thanh chu nn khng ct thp

Sc khng danh nh ca thanh chu nn khng ct thp ly nh sau :

Pn = fcu A cs

(5.6.3.3.1-1)

trong :
Pn

= sc khng danh nh ca thanh chu nn (N).

fcu

= ng sut chu nn gii hn nh quy nh trong iu 5.6.3.3.3 (MPa)

Acs = din tch mt ct ngang hu hiu ca thanh chu nn nh quy nh trong iu 5.6.3.3.2 (mm2)
5.6.3.3.2. Din tch mt ct ngang hu hiu ca thanh chu nn.

Gi tr Acs phi c xc nh vi s xem xt c 2 kh nng l din tch b tng v iu kin u

thanh chng, nh biu th trong Hnh 1.

151

Tiu chun thit k cu

Khi u thanh chng c neo bng ct thp th phm vi b tng hu hiu c th m rng thm mt
khong bng 6 ln ng knh ct thp tnh t thanh ct thp neo, nh biu th Hnh 1(a).

a) Thanh chng c neo bng ct thp

b) Thanh chng c neo bng gi

v ct thp

c) Thanh chng c neo bng gi

v thanh chng

Hnh 5.6.3.3.2-1- nh hng ca iu kin neo n din tch mt ct ngang

hu hiu ca thanh chng

5.6.3.3.3. ng sut nn gii hn trong thanh chng. ng sut chu nn gii hn fcu phi ly nh sau :

f cu =

f c
0,85f c
0,8 + 170 1

(5.6.3.3.3-1)

152

Tiu chun thit k cu

trong :
1 = (s + 0.002) cotg2s

(5.6.3.3.3-2)

y :
s

gc nh nht gia thanh chu nn v thanh chu ko lin k ()

bin dng ko trong b tng theo hng ca ging chu ko (mm/mm)

fc

cng chu nn quy nh (MPa)

5.6.3.3.4. Thanh chng c ct thp

Nu thanh nn c ct thp b tr song song vi trc thanh v c cu to chu nn ti gii hn chy

th sc khng danh nh ca thanh nn c tnh nh sau :
Pn = fcuAcs+ fyAss

(5.6.3.3.4-1)

trong :
=

Ass

din tch mt ct ct thp trong thanh chng (mm2)

5.6.3.4. nh kch thc thanh ging chu ko

5.6.3.4.1. Cng ca thanh ging

Ct thp ko phi c neo vo vng nt vi chiu di neo quy nh bi nhng mc neo hoc cc neo
c hc. Lc ko phi c pht trin mt trong ca vng nt.
Sc khng danh nh ca thanh ging chu ko phi ly bng :
Pn = fyAst + Aps [fpe + fy]

(5.6.3.4.1-1)

y:
Ast

tng din tch ca ct thp dc thng trong thanh ging (mm2).

Aps

din tch thp d ng lc(mm2)

fy

cng chy ca ct thp dc thng (MPa)

fpe

ng sut trong thp d ng lc do to d ng lc, xt mt mt (MPa)

5.6.3.4.2. Neo thanh ging

Ct thp ca thanh ging chu ko phi c neo truyn lc ko ca n n vng nt ca gin ph

hp vi cc yu cu pht trin ca ct thp nh quy nh trong iu 5.11.

5.6.3.5. nh kch thc vng nt

Tr khi c b tr ct thp ai v tc dng ca n c chng minh qua tnh ton hay thc nghim, ng
sut nn trong b tng vng nt khng c vt qu tr s sau :

i vi vng nt bao bi thanh chu nn v mt gi :

0,85 fc

i vi vng nt neo thanh chu ko mt hng :

0,75 fc

i vi vng nt neo thanh chu ko nhiu hng :

0,65 fc

Tiu chun thit k cu

153

trong :

h s sc khng chu lc p mt trn b tng nh quy nh iu 5.5.4.2.

Ct thp ca thanh chu ko phi c b tr u trn ton b din tch hu hiu ca b tng t nht
bng lc ca thanh chu ko chia cho ng sut gii hn c quy nh y.
Ngoi vic tho mn cc tiu chun cng chu lc cho thanh chu ko v nn, vng nt phi c
thit k theo ng sut v gii hn ca vng neo nh quy nh cc iu 5.6.3.4.1 v 5.6.3.4.2.
ng sut p mt trn vng nt pht sinh do lc tp trung hay phn lc phi tho mn cc iu kin quy
nh trong iu 5.7.5.

5.6.3.6. Ct thp khng ch nt

Cc kt cu v cu kin hoc cc vng cc b ca n, tr phn bn v mng, c thit k theo cc
quy nh ca iu 5.6.3, phi c mt mng li cc ct thp trc giao gn b mt ca n. Khong
cch gia cc thanh khng c vt qu 300 mm.
T l din tch ct thp so vi din tch mt ct nguyn ca b tng khng c nh hn 0,003 theo
mi chiu.
Ct thp khng ch nt b tr vng ca thanh chu ko c th c coi nh mt phn ct thp ca
thanh chu ko.
5.7. Thit k kt cu chu un v chu lc dc trc
5.7.1. Cc gi thit cho trng thi gii hn s dng v trng thi gii hn mi

Cc gi thit sau y c th dng thit k kt cu b tng ct thp, b tng ct thp d ng lc, b

tng d ng lc mt phn :

B tng d ng lc chu ko cc mt ct m khng nt, tr trng hp nh quy nh iu 5.7.6.

ng bin trong b tng thay i tuyn tnh, tr cc cu kin v cc vng m cng chu lc
thng thng ca vt liu khng thch hp,

T l m un n hi, n, c lm trn n s nguyn,

T l m un n hi khng nh hn 6,0, v

i vi tnh ti v lc do d ng lc cng, t l m un n hi hu hiu ly bng 2n.

5.7.2. Cc gi thit cho trng thi gii hn cng v trng thi gii
hn c bit

5.7.2.1. Tng qut

Sc khng tnh ton ca cc cu kin b tng phi da trn cc iu kin cn bng v tng thch v
bin dng, ly cc h s sc khng theo quy nh ca iu 5.5.4.2, v cc gi thit sau:

Tiu chun thit k cu

154

i vi cc cu kin c ct thp hoc thp d ng lc dnh bm hon ton, hoc trong chiu
di dnh bm ca cc tao thp d ng lc khng dnh bm cc b hoc c bc th ng bin
t l thun vi khong cch tnh t trc trung ho, tr cc cu kin c chiu cao ln tho mn
cc yu cu ca iu 5.13.2 v trong cc vng khng bnh thng khc.

i vi cc cu kin c cc b tao cp d ng lckhng dnh bm hon ton hay khng dnh

bm mt phn ngha l cc tao thp trong ng bc hay mt dnh bm, s chnh lch v ng
bin gia b thp v mt ct b tng cng nh nh hng ca vng i vi yu t hnh hc
ca b thp phi a vo tnh ton ng sut trong b thp.

Nu b tng khng b kim ch, ng bin c coi l thch hp cho s dng (thch dng) ln
nht th chu nn ngoi cng khng c ln qu 0,003.

Nu b tng b kim ch, ng bin thch dng ln nht vt qu 0,003 c th c chp nhn
nu c s chng minh.

Ngoi tr m hnh chng v ging, ng sut trong ct thp phi da trn ng cong ng sut ng bin i din ca thp hay mt gi tr ton hc i din c chp nhn, bao gm s khai
trin ca cc ct thp hay d ng lc v vic truyn d ng lc.

B qua sc khng ko ca b tng,

Gi thit biu ng sut - ng bin ca b tng chu nn l hnh ch nht, parabn hay bt c
hnh dng no khc u phi dn n s d tnh v sc khng vt liu ph hp v c bn vi
cc kt qu th nghim.

Phi xt n s khai trin ca cc ct thp, v cp d ng lc v vic truyn d ng lc.

Phi nghin cu cc gii hn b sung v ng bin nn cc tr ca b tng trong cc cu kin chu

nn mt ct ch nht rng theo quy nh ca iu 5.7.4.7.

5.7.2.2. Phn b ng sut theo hnh ch nht

Quan h t nhin gia ng sut b tng chu nn v ng bin c th coi nh mt khi hnh ch nht
tng ng cnh bng 0,85 f 'c phn b trn mt vng gii hn bi mt ngoi cng chu nn ca mt
ct v ng thng song song vi trc trung ho cch th chu nn ngoi cng mt khong cch
a = 1 c. Khong cch c phi tnh vung gc vi trc trung ho. H s 1 ly bng 0,85 i vi b tng
c cng khng ln hn 28 MPa. Vi b tng c cng ln hn 28 MPa, h s 1 gim i theo t
l 0,05 cho tng 7 MPa vt qu 28 MPa, nhng khng ly nh hn tr s 0,65.
Phi nghin cu cc gii hn b sung khi s dng khi ng sut ch nht i vi cc cu kin chu
nn mt ct ch nht rng theo quy nh ca iu 5.7.4.7.
5.7.3. Cu kin chu un

5.7.3.1. ng sut trong ct thp d ng lc mc sc khng un danh nh

5.7.3.1.1. Cc cu kin c ct thp d ng lc dnh bm

155

Tiu chun thit k cu

i vi mt ct hnh ch nht v hnh T chu un quanh mt trc, c ng sut phn b nh quy nh

iu 5.7.2.2 v fpe khng nh hn 0,5 fpu, ng sut trung bnh trong ct thp, fps, c th ly nh sau :

f ps = f pu (1 k

c
)
dp

(5.7.3.1.1-1)

trong :

k = 2(1,04

f py
f pu

(5.7.3.1.1-2)

Vi mt ct hnh T:

c=

A ps f pu + A s fy A s f y 0,85 1 f c (b b w )h f
fpu
0,85f c 1 b w + kA ps
dp

(5.7.3.1.1-3)

Vi mt ct hnh ch nht :

c=

A ps f pu + A s f y A' s f y
f pu
0,85f c 1 b w + k A ps
dp

(5.7.3.1.1-4)

trong :
Aps

din tch mt ct ct thp d ng lc(mm2)

fpu

cng chu ko quy nh ca thp d ng lc(MPa)

fpy

gii hn chy ca thp d ng lc(MPa)

As

din tch ct thp thng chu ko (mm2)

A's

din tch ct thp thng chu nn (mm2)

fy

gii hn chy ca ct thp chu ko (MPa)

fy

gii hn chy ca ct thp chu nn (MPa)

chiu rng ca bn cnh chu nn (mm)

bw

chiu rng ca bn bng (mm)

hf

chiu dy bn cnh chu nn (mm)

dp

khong cch t th ngoi cng chu nn n trng tm cc b thp d ng lc (mm)

khong cch t trc trung ho n mt chu nn (mm)

h s quy i hnh khi ng sut quy nh iu 5.7.2.2

Phi kho st mc ng sut trong ct thp chu nn v nu ng sut trong ct thp chu nn khng t
gii hn chy th ng sut thc t phi c dng thay cho fy trong Phng trnh 3.
5.7.3.1.2. Cc cu kin c thp d ng lc khng dnh bm

i vi mt ct hnh ch nht v mt ct hnh T chu un quanh mt trc hoc hai trc cng vi lc dc
trc nh quy nh iu 5.7.4.5, khi s phn b ng sut gn ng nh quy nh iu 5.7.2.2 c
p dng, th ng sut trung bnh trong thp d ng lc khng dnh bm c xc nh nh sau:

156

Tiu chun thit k cu

dp c
f py
f ps = f p e + 6300

le

(5.7.3.1.2-1)

2l i

l e =
2 + Ns

(5.7.3.1.2-2)

vi

i vi mt ct hnh T:

A ps f ps + A s f y A' s f c 0,85 1 f c (b b w )h f

c=

0,85fc 1 b w

(5.7.3.1.2-3)

i vi mt ct hnh ch nht:

c=

A ps f ps + A s fy A s fy
0,85fc 1 b

(5.7.3.1.2-4)

trong :
c

khong cch tnh t th chu nn ngoi cng n trc trung ho vi gi thit l thp d ng
lc ca b tao thp b chy do c cho trong Phng trnh 3 v 4 i vi trng thi
lm vic ca mt ct ch T v trng thi lm vic ca mt ct ch nht (mm).

le

chiu di b tao thp hu hiu (mm)

li

chiu di b tao thp gia cc neo (mm)

Ns

s lng cc gi khp m cc b thp i qua nm gia cc neo hay cc im

c dnh bm ring bit

fpy

sc khng chy do ca thp d ng lc(MPa)

fpe

ng sut hu hiu trong thp d ng lc mt ct ang xt sau khi tnh

mi mt mt (MPa).

Mc ng sut trong ct thp chu nn phi c xem xt, nu ng sut ca ct thp chu nn khng t
n gii hn chy th phi dng tr s ng sut thc t theo Phng trnh 3 thay cho gi tr fy.

5.7.3.2. Sc khng un
5.7.3.2.1. Sc khng un tnh ton

Sc khng tnh ton, Mr, phi ly nh sau :

Mr = Mn
trong :
Mn

sc khng danh nh (N.mm)

h s sc khng quy nh iu 5.5.4.2

(5.7.3.2.1-1)

157

Tiu chun thit k cu

5.7.3.2.2. Mt ct hnh T

Vi mt ct hnh T chu un quanh mt trc v hai trc cng vi lc nn dc trc nh quy nh iu

5.7.4.5 v s phn b ng sut ly gn ng nh quy nh iu 5.7.2.2, vi b d ng lc c dnh
bm, v khi chiu dy bn cnh chu nn nh hn c, xc nh theo Phng trnh 5.7.3.1.1-3, sc khng
un danh nh ca mt ct c th xc nh nh sau :

Mn = Aps fps d p

a
a
a

+ A s fy d s As fy ds + 0,85 fc (b-bw) 1 hf
2
2
2

a hf
(5.7.3.2.2-1)

2 2

trong :
Aps
fps

=
=

dp
As
fy
ds
A's

=
=
=
=
=

din tch thp d ng lc(mm2)

ng sut trung bnh trong ct thp d ng lc sc khng un danh nh, tnh theo
phng trnh 5.7.3.1.1-1 (MPa)
khong cch t th nn ngoi cng n trng tm ct thp d ng lc (mm)
din tch ct thp chu ko khng d ng lc(mm2).
gii hn chy quy nh ca ct thp (MPa).
khong cch t th nn ngoi cng n trng tm ct thp chu ko khng d ng lc (mm).
din tch ct thp chu nn (mm2)

f y

gii hn chy ca ct thp chu nn (MPa)

d's

khong cch t th ngoi cng chu nn n trng tm ct thp chu nn (mm)

fc

cng chu nn quy nh ca b tng tui 28 ngy (MPa)

b
bw
1
hf
a

=
=
=
=
=

b rng ca mt chu nn ca cu kin (mm)

chiu dy ca bn bn bng hoc ng knh ca mt ct trn (mm)
h s chuyn i biu ng sut quy nh trong iu 5.7.2.2
chiu dy bn cnh chu nn ca cu kin dm I hoc T (mm)
c1 ; Chiu dy ca khi ng sut tng ng (mm)

5.7.3.2.3. Mt ct hnh ch nht

i vi mt ct hnh ch nht chu un mt trc v hai trc cng vi lc dc trc nh quy nh iu

5.7.4.5, khi cng nhn s phn b ng sut gn ng nh quy nh iu 5.7.2.2 v chiu dy bn cnh
chu nn khng nh hn i lng c xc nh theo Phng trnh 5.7.3.1.1-3 th sc khng un danh nh Mn
c th xc nh theo cc Phng trnh t 5.7.3.1.1-1, n 5.7.3.2.2-1, trong bw phi ly bng b.
5.7.3.2.4. Cc dng mt ct khc

Vi cc loi mt ct khng phi l mt ct hnh ch T hay thc cht l mt ct hnh ch nht c trc
thng ng i xng hoc mt ct chu un hai trc khng c lc dc trc, th sc khng un tnh ton
Mn c xc nh bng gii tch da trn cc gi thit quy nh iu 5.7.2. ng thi phi p dng
cc yu cu ca iu 5.7.3.3.

5.7.3.3. Cc gii hn v ct thp

5.7.3.3.1. Lng ct thp ti a

158

Tiu chun thit k cu

Hm lng thp d ng lc v thp khng d ng lc ti a phi c gii hn sao cho :

c
de

0,42

(5.7.3.3.1-1)

trong :

de =

A ps fps d p + A s fy d s

(5.7.3.3.1-2)

A ps f ps + A s fy

y :
c =

khong cch t th chu nn ngoi cng n trc trung ho (mm)

de =

hong cch hu hiu tng ng t th chu nn ngoi cng n trng tm lc ko ca

ct thp chu ko (mm)

Nu Phng trnh 1 khng tho mn, mt ct s b coi l qu nhiu thp. Mt ct qu nhiu thp c th
c dng trong cc cu kin d ng lc hay d ng lcmt phn ch khi phn tch v thc nghim
chng t c th thc hin c do y ca kt cu. Khng cho php cc mt ct b tng ct thp
qu nhiu thp. Vi mc ch ca iu quy nh ny, cc cu kin s c coi nh l kt cu b tng
ct thp nu t l d ng lc mt phn, nh quy nh trong iu 5.5.4.2.1, nh hn 50%.
5.7.3.3.2. Lng ct thp ti thiu
Tr khi c cc quy nh khc, cn bt k mt mt ct no ca cu kin chu un, lng ct
thp thng v ct thp d ng lc chu ko phi pht trin sc khng un tnh ton, Mr, t
nht bng 1 trong 2 gi tr sau, ly gi tr nh hn:

1,2 ln sc khng nt c xc nh trn c s phn b ng sut n hi v cng chu ko

khi un, fr, ca b tng theo quy nh trong iu 5.4.2.6, hoc

1,33 ln mmen tnh ton cn thit di t hp ti trng - cng thch hp quy nh trong
bng 3.4.1.1.

Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 5.10.8.

i vi cc cu kin khng c thp d ng lc th lng ct thp ti thiu quy nh y c th coi l

tho mn nu:
Pmin 0,03

fc
fy

(5.7.3.3.2-1)

trong :
Pmin

t l gia thp chu ko v din tch nguyn

fc

cng quy nh ca b tng (MPa)

fy

cng chy do ca thp chu ko (MPa)

i vi cc dm ch T c bn bng dm chu ko, vic xc nh t l ct thp thng thc t, ,

so snh vi yu cu ca Phng trnh 1, phi cn c vo chiu rng ca bn bng dm.

159

Tiu chun thit k cu

5.7.3.4. Khng ch nt bng phn b ct thp

Cc quy nh y c p dng cho tt c ct thp ca cc cu kin b tng ct thp tr bn mt cu
c thit k theo iu 9.7.2, trong s ko ca mt ct ngang vt qu 80% cng chu ko do
un nh quy nh iu 5.4.2.6, t hp ti trng trng thi gii hn s dng c p dng quy nh
Bng 3.4.1-1.
Cc cu kin phi c cu to sao cho ng sut ko trong ct thp thng trng thi gii hn s
dng, fsa, khng vt qu :

fsa =

Z
0,6f y
(d c A)1/3

(5.7.3.4-1)

trong :
dc

chiu cao phn b tng tnh t th chu ko ngoi cng cho n tm ca thanh hay si
t gn nht; nhm mc ch tnh ton phi ly chiu dy tnh ca lp b tng bo v
dc khng c ln hn 50mm.

din tch phn b tng c cng trng tm vi ct thp ch chu ko v c bao bi

cc mt ca mt ct ngang v ng thng song song vi trc trung ho, chia cho s
lng ca cc thanh hay si (mm2); nhm mc ch tnh ton, phi ly chiu dy tnh
ca lp b tng bo v khng c ln hn 50 mm.

thng s b rng vt nt (N/mm).

Ngoi tr i vi cng hp b tng ct thp c ti ch quy nh di y, i lng Z trong Phng

trnh 1 khng c ly vt qu 30000N/mm i vi cc cu kin trong iu kin mi trng thng
thng, 23000 N/mm i vi cc cu kin trong iu kin mi trng khc nghit v 17500 N/mm i
vi cc kt cu vi di t. i lng Z khng c ly vt qu 23000 khi thit k theo phng
ngang i vi cc dm hp b tng phn on khi chu ti bt k trc khi t ti ton b sc khng
danh nh ca b tng.
i vi cc cng hp b tng ct thp c ti ch, i lng Z trong Phng trnh 1 khng c
vt qu:

27500

(5.7.3.4-2)

dc

= 1 +

0,47d

(5.7.3.4-3)

Z=
trong :

vi:
d

khong cch tnh t mt chu nn n trng tm ca ct thp chu ko (mm)

Ct thp d ng lc dnh bm c th c tnh vo tr s A, trong trng hp ny s tng ng sut trong

thp d ng lc dnh bm vt qu trng thi gim nn trc c tnh trn c s mt ct b nt hoc
phn tch s tng ng bin dng khng c vt qu gi tr fsa xc nh t Phng trnh 1.

160

Tiu chun thit k cu

cc v tr bn cnh ca dm b tng ct thp mt ct T hoc hp chu ko, trng thi gii hn s

dng, ct thp chu ko khi un phi phn b trn mt phm vi, ly theo tr s nh hn trong cc tr s
sau y :

B rng hu hiu ca bn cnh nh quy nh iu 4.6.2.6 hoc

Mt chiu rng bng 1/10 chiu di trung bnh ca cc nhp ln cn.

Nu b rng bn cnh hu hiu ln hn 1/10 chiu di nhp th phi b tr ct thp dc b sung phn
ngoi ca bn cnh vi din tch khng nh hn 0,4% din tch ca bn nh ra.
Nu chiu dy hu hiu, dc, ca cc cu kin b tng ct thp hoc b tng d ng lc mt phn ln
hn 900 mm, th phi b tr ct thp dc to v phn b u theo dc c 2 mt ca cu kin trong mt
khong d/2 gn ct thp chu ko un nht.
Din tch ca ct thp v Ask tnh bng mm2/ mm theo chiu cao trn mi mt khng nh hn :

A sh 0,001(d e 760)

A s + A ps
1200

(5.7.3.4-4)

trong :
Aps

din tch ca thp d ng lc(mm2)

As

din tch ct thp thng chu ko (mm2)

de

tay n un ly bng khong cch t mt chu nn n trng tm thp (mm).

C ly gia cc ct thp ca li thp v khng vt qu d/6 hoc 300 mm.

Cc ct thp ny c th tnh vo chu lc nu vic phn tch tng ng bin dng c tin hnh
xc nh ng sut trong tng thanh ring bit.

5.7.3.5. S phn b li m men

Thay cho cc tnh ton chnh xc hn, khi ct thp dnh bm tho mn cc quy nh ca iu 5.11 i
hi i vi cc gi gia ca dm b tng ct thp lin tc, v khi t l c/de khng vt qu 0,28, cc gi
tr m men m xc nh theo l thuyt n hi trng thi gii hn cng c th tng hay gim mt
lng khng vt qu tr s sau, tnh bng phn trm:

20 1 2,36

d e

(5.7.3.5-1)

Gi tr m men dng phi c iu chnh theo s thay i ca m men m gi c trng thi cn

bng ca cc lc tc dng.

5.7.3.6. Cc bin dng

5.7.3.6.1. Tng qut

Cc quy nh ca iu 2.5.2.6 phi c xem xt.

161

Tiu chun thit k cu

Cc khe co gin v gi phi ph hp vi cc bin i kch thc gy ra bi ti trng, t bin, co ngt,

thay i nhit , ln tr v d ng lc.
5.7.3.6.2. vng v vng
Khi tnh ton vng v vng phi xt tc ng ca tnh ti, hot ti, ng lc trc, ti trng
lp rp, t bin v co ngt ca b tng v t chng ca thp.
Phi p dng cc quy nh ca cc iu 4.5.2.1; 4.5.2.2 v 5.9.5.5 xc nh vng v
vng.

Khi khng c cc phn tch ton din hn, c th tnh vng tc thi vi vic dng cc tr s m un
n hi ca b tng quy nh iu 5.4.2.4 v dng m men qun tnh hoc vi gi tr nguyn, Ig, hoc
m men qun tnh hu hiu, Ie, tnh theo Phng trnh 1 :

M
I e = cr
Ma

3
M

I g + 1 cr
M a

I cr I g

(5.7.3.6.2-1)

vi :

M cr = fr

Ig
yt

(5.7.3.6.2-2)

trong :
Mcr

m men nt (N.mm)

fr

cng chu ko khi un nh quy nh iu 5.4.2.6 (MPa)

yt

khong cch t trc trung ho n th chu ko ngoi cng (mm)

Ma

m men ln nht trong cu kin giai on ang tnh bin dng (N.mm)

i vi cu kin c dng lng tr, m men qun tnh hu hiu ly theo kt qu tnh ca Phng trnh 1
gia nhp dm gin n hoc lin tc, v gi ca dm hng. i vi cu kin lin tc khng c dng
lng tr th gi tr m men qun tnh hu hiu ly gi tr trung bnh ca cc gi tr tnh theo Phng
trnh 1 cc mt ct m men m v dng gii hn.
Nu khng tnh c chnh xc hn th vng lu di c th c tnh bng gi tr vng tc thi
nhn vi h s sau y :

Nu vng tc thi tnh theo gi tr Ig : 4,0

Nu vng tc thi tnh theo gi tr Ie : 3,0 - 1,2 (A's/As) 1,6.

y :
A's

din tch ct thp chu nn (mm2)

As

din tch ct thp khng d ng lc chu ko (mm2).

Trong ti liu hp ng phi nu r yu cu phi tin hnh tnh ton vng ca cc cu xy dng
theo phn on trc khi b tng cc phn on, da trn k hoch d kin v lp rp v b
tng, v chng phi c s dng nh l mt ch dn kim tra cc o c v vng thc.

Tiu chun thit k cu

162

5.7.3.6.3. Bin dng dc trc

Cc bin dng co ngn hoc gin di tc thi do ti trng phi xc nh theo m un n hi ca vt

liu thi im t ti.
Cc bin dng co ngn hay gin di tc thi do nhit phi xc nh theo cc iu 3.12.2, 3.12.3 v
5.4.2.2.
Bin dng co ngn do co ngt v t bin phi xc nh nh quy nh iu 5.4.2.3.
5.7.4. Cc cu kin chu nn

5.7.4.1. Tng qut

Tr khi c nhng qui nh khc, cc cu kin chu nn phi c tnh ton c xt n cc hiu ng ca
cc yu t sau :

lch tm,

Cc ti trng dc trc,

S thay i m men qun tnh,

Mc ngm u,

vng,

Thi gian t ti trng,

D ng lc.

Thay cho phng php chnh xc, cc ct khng d ng lc c t l mnh K l u /r < 100 c th thit
k theo phng php gn ng nh quy nh iu 5.7.4.3.
trong :
K

h s di hu hiu nh quy nh iu 4.6.2.5.

lu

chiu di khng c thanh ging (mm)

bn knh qun tnh (mm)

Cc quy nh ca iu ny phi c b sung v chnh l cho cc kt cu trong vng ng t 2 v 3

nh quy nh iu 5.10.11.
Cc quy nh y nhm truyn cc ng lc t cc cu kin chu nn c iu chnh vi s pht
sinh m men th cp ti cc cu kin ln cn.
ni no lin kt ni vi cu kin ln cn bng cht b tng th ct thp dc phi b tr vo ng gia
tim cht gim thiu sc khng un v ct thp phi ko di v hai pha ca cht.

5.7.4.2. Gii hn ct thp

Cc gii hn b sung v ct thp cho cu kin chu nn trong vng ng t 3 v 4 phi c xt n
nh quy nh trong iu 5.10.11.4.1a.
Din tch ct thp d ng lc v ct thp thng theo chiu dc ca cc cu kin chu nn khng lin
hp nhiu nht l nh sau :

163

Tiu chun thit k cu

A s A ps f pu
+
0,08
Ag
A g fy
v

A ps fpe
A g fc

0,30

(5.7.4.2-1)

(5.7.4.2-2)

Din tch thp d ng lc v thp thng theo chiu dc ca cc cu kin chu nn khng lin hp ti
thiu l nh sau :

A s f y A ps f pu
+
0,135
A g fc A g fc

(5.7.4.2-3)

trong :
As

din tch ct thp thng chu ko (mm2)

Ag

din tch mt ct nguyn (mm2)

Aps

din tch mt ct thp d ng lc (mm2)

fpu

cng chu ko quy nh ca thp d ng lc(MPa)

fy
f 'c

=
=

gii hn chy quy nh ca ct thp thng (MPa)

cng chu nn quy nh ca b tng (MPa)

fpe

d ng sut hu hiu (MPa)

S lng thanh ct thp dc ti thiu trong ct trn l 6, trong ct hnh ch nht l 4, kch c thanh ti
thiu l No.15.
i vi nhng cu trong vng ng t 1, din tch ti thiu ca ct thp dc c th xt cho yu cu
ca mt ct b tng chit gim hu hi, nhng sao cho c hai mt ct ton b v mt ct chit gim
hu hiu u c kh nng chu c lc tnh ton v din tch ct thp khng nh hn 0,7% din tch
mt ct nguyn ca ct.

5.7.4.3. nh gi gn ng v hiu ng mnh

i vi cc kt cu khng c ging lin kt, hiu ng mnh c th b qua khi m t s mnh
K l u/r nh hn 22.
i vi kt cu c ging chng bn, hiu ng mnh c th b qua khi K l u /r nh hn 34-12
(M1/M2), trong M1, M2 tng ng l m men nh v ln u v thnh phn M1/M2 l dng i vi
ng cong un n.
Cc phng php tnh gn ng sau c th dng thit k cc cu kin chu nn khng d ng lc.
Vi K l u /r nh hn 100 :

Thit k da trn c s ti trng tnh ton, Pu, c xc nh theo tnh ton n hi v m men tnh
ton phng i (tng thm) Mc nh quy nh trong iu 4.5.3.2.2b.

Chiu di khng chng , l u, ca cu kin chu nn ly bng khong cch tnh gia cc b phn
c th to ra s chng ngang cho cu kin chu nn. Khi c to vt nch mi ni th chiu di
khng chng c tnh t pha ngoi ca vt trong mt phng xem xt.

Bn knh qun tnh, r, c tnh cho mt ct nguyn.

164

Tiu chun thit k cu

i vi cc b phn c cc thanh ging, h s chiu di hu hiu, K, ly bng 1,0 tr khi c

chng minh trong tnh ton l tr s nh hn c th c dng.

i vi cc b phn khng c cc thanh ging, K, c xc nh vi s xem xt hiu qu ca nt

v ct thp n cng tng i v ly khng nh hn 1,0

Thay cho vic tnh chnh xc hn, gi tr EI dng xc nh Pe, nh c quy nh trong Phng trnh
4.5.3.2.2b-5, phi ly gi tr ln hn ca :

EcIg
EI =

+ EsIs
5
1 + d

(5.7.4.3-1)

EcIg
EI =

2,5
1 + d

(5.7.4.3-2)

trong :
Ec

m un n hi ca b tng (MPa)

Ig

m men qun tnh mt ct nguyn ca b tng xung quanh trc chnh (mm4)

Es

m un n hi ca thp dc (MPa)

Is

m men qun tnh ca ct thp dc xung quanh trc chnh (mm4)

t l gia m men tnh ton ln nht do ti trng thng xuyn vi m men tnh
ton ln nht do ton b ti trng, tr s lun lun dng.

i vi cu kin chu d ng lc lch tm phi xem xt n hiu ng vng ngang do lc cng d

ng lc xc nh m men tng thm.

5.7.4.4. Sc khng lc dc trc tnh ton ( nhn h s)

Sc khng tnh ton ca cu kin b tng ct thp chu nn i xng qua cc trc chnh phi c xc
nh nh sau :
Pr = Pn

(5.7.4.4-1)

trong :

i vi cu kin c ct thp ai xon :

Pn = 0,85 [0,85 f 'c (Ag - Ast) + fyAst]

(5.7.4.4-2)

i vi cu kin c ct thp ai thng :

Pn = 0,8 [0,85 f 'c (Ag - Ast) + fy Ast]

y:
Pr

sc khng lc dc trc tnh ton c hoc khng c un (N)

Pn

sc khng lc dc trc danh nh c hoc khng c un (N)

f 'c

cng quy nh ca b tng tui 28 ngy, tr khi c quy nh cc tui khc.

(5.7.4.4-3)

165

Tiu chun thit k cu

Ag

din tch nguyn ca mt ct (mm2)

Ast

gii hn chy quy nh ca ct thp (MPa)

h s sc khng quy nh iu 5.5.4.2

5.7.4.5. Un hai chiu

Thay cho vic tnh da trn c s cn bng v tng thch bin dng cho trng hp un hai chiu, cc
kt cu khng trn chu un hai chiu v chu nn c th tnh theo cc biu thc gn ng sau :

Nu lc tnh ton dc trc khng nh hn 0,1 f 'c Ag :

1
1
1
1
=
+

Prxy Prx Pry Po

(5.7.4.5-1)

Po = 0,85 f 'c (Ag - Ast) + Ast fy

(5.7.4.5-2)

trong :

Nu ti trng tnh ton dc trc nh hn 0,10 f 'c Ag :

M ux M uy
+
1,0
M rx M ry

(5.7.4.5-3)

y :

h s sc khng i vi cc cu kin chu nn dc trc

Prxy

sc khng dc trc tnh ton khi un theo hai phng (N)

Prx

sc khng dc trc tnh ton c xc nh trn c s ch tn ti lch ey (N)

Pry

sc khng dc trc tnh ton c xc nh trn c s ch tn ti lch ex (N)

Pu

lc dc trc tnh ton (N)

Mux

m men tnh ton tc dng theo trc X (N.mm)

Muy

m men tnh ton tc dng theo trc Y (N.mm)

ex

lch tm ca lc dc trc tnh ton tc dng theo hng trc X ngha l = Muy/Pu (mm)

ey

lch tm ca lc dc trc tnh ton tc dng theo hng trc Y ngha l = Mux/Pu (mm).

Mrx =

sc khng un tnh ton n trc ca mt ct theo phng trc X (N.mm) (5.7.4.5).

Mry =

sc khng un tnh ton n trc ca mt ct thoe phng trc Y (N.mm) (5.7.4.5).

Sc khng dc trc tnh ton Prx v Pry khng c ly ln hn tch s ca h s sc khng v sc

khng nn danh nh ln nht tnh theo cc Phng trnh 5.7.4.4-2 hoc 5.7.4.4-3.

5.7.4.6. Thp ai xon v thp ai

Din tch thp ai xon v thp ai ca kt cu cu trong vng ng t 2, 3 hoc 4 phi tun theo cc
yu cu quy nh trong iu 5.10.11.
Khi din tch ct thp ai xon v ct thp ai khng b khng ch vo cc yu cu :

Chng ng t

Lc ct hoc xon nh quy nh trong iu 5.8, hoc.

Cc yu cu ti thiu nh qui nh trong iu 5.10.6.

166

Tiu chun thit k cu

T l ca ct thp xon vi ton b khi lng ca li b tng tnh t bng cc mp ngoi cu ct ai

xon khng c nh hn :

Ag
f
s = 0,45
1 c
Ac
f yh

(5.7.4.6-1)

trong
Ag

din tch mt ct nguyn ca b tng (mm2)

Ac

din tch ca li b tng tnh t ng knh mp ngoi ca ct ai xon (mm2)

f 'c

cng quy nh ca b tng tui 28 ngy, tr khi c cc quy nh khc v tui (MPa)

fyh

gii hn chy quy nh ca ct thp ai xon (MPa)

Cc chi tit khc ca ct thp ai xon v ct thp ai phi tun theo cc quy nh ca iu 5.10.6
v 5.10.11.

5.7.4.7. Cc cu kin chu nn c mt ct hnh ch nht rng

5.7.4.7.1. T s mnh ca vch
T s mnh ca vch ca mt mt ct ngang hnh ch nht rng phi c tnh theo cng thc:

Xu
t

trong :
Xu

chiu di tnh ca mt on c chiu dy khng i ca mt vch gia cc

vch khc hoc cc ng mp tng cng gia cc vch (mm).

b dy ca vch (mm)

t s mnh ca cch i vi ct rng.

T s mnh ca vch ln hn 35 ch c dng khi c ti liu tnh ton v thc nghim

chng minh cho s lm vic v sc chu ca vch l chp nhn c i vi Ch u t.
5.7.4.7.2. Cc trng hp hn ch dng phng php khi ng sut ch nht
5.7.4.7.2a. Tng qut
Tr trng hp ch nh trong iu 5.7.4.7.2c, phng php khi ng sut ch nht tng
ng khng c s dng trong vic thit k cc cu kin chu nn c mt ct hnh ch nht rng
vi t s mnh ca vch 15.

Trong trng hp t s mnh nh hn 15, phng php khi ng sut ch nht c th c s dng
cn c vo ng bin nn l 0,003.
5.7.4.7.2b. Phng php chnh xc hiu chnh gii hn ng bin ti a c php s dng

167

Tiu chun thit k cu

Trong trng hp t s mnh ca vch bng 15 hoc ln hn, ng bin ti a c php s

dng th ngoi cng chu nn ca b tng ly bng tr s nh hn ca ng bin do on cc b
tnh c ca bn cnh rng nht ca mt ct ngang hoc 0,003.
ng bin do on cc b ca bn cnh rng nht c th c tnh ton bng cch gi thit l bn
cnh c n gin c bn cnh xung quanh. Thuc tnh phi tuyn ca vt liu phi c
xem xt kt hp c m un tuyn tnh ca vt liu b tng v ct thp trong tnh ton ng bin do
on cc b.

Trong tnh ton cng ca cu kin, phi b qua cc ct thp gin on, khng c cng sau trong
cc cu kin chu nn c mt ct ch nht rng c thi cng tng on.
Cng chu un phi tnh ton theo cc nguyn tc trong iu 5.7.3 p dng cng vi cc ng
cong ng sut - ng bin cho trc i vi loi vt liu c s dng.
5.7.4.7.2c. Phng php gn ng hiu chnh sc khng tnh ton
Cc quy nh iu ny v phng php khi ng sut ch nht c th c s dng thay cho
cc quy nh ca cc iu 5.7.4.7.2a v 5.7.4.7.2b khi mnh ca vch 35.
Sc khng tnh ton ca ct rng c xc nh bng cch dng ng bin cc i c php s
dng bng 0,003 v cc h s sc khng c quy nh trong mc 5.5.4.2 phi c chit gim
tip bng mt h s w nh sau:

Nu w 15, th w = 1,0

(5.7.4.7.2c -1)

Nu 15 < w 25, th w = 1 0,025 (w 15)

(5.7.4.7.2c-2)

Nu 25 < w 35, th w = 0,75

(5.7.4.7.2c- 3)

5.7.5. B

Khi khng c ct thp ai trong b tng ca cc b , sc khng p tnh ton ly nh sau :

Pr = Pn

(5.7.5-1)

Pn = 0,85 f 'c A1 m

(5.7.5-2)

trong :

y :
Pn

sc khng danh nh (N)

A1

din tch bn di gi (mm2)

h s iu chnh

A2

din tch gi nh c nh ngha y (mm2)

H s iu chnh c th c xc nh nh sau:

168

Tiu chun thit k cu

Khi mt ta tt c cc pha u ln hn din tch chu ti :

m=

A2
2,0
A1

(5.7.5-3)

Khi din tch chu ti chu s phn b khng u ca ng sut p mt :

m = 0,75

A2
1,50
A1

(5.7.5-4)

Khi mt ta c cu to dc hoc to bc, A2 c th ly nh l din tch y di ln nht ca hnh

chp ct, hnh nn, hoc hnh nm c bc nm ton b trong vng v mt trn ca n l vng chu
ti, c dc mt bn l 1: 2 (chiu ng : chiu ngang).
Khi ti trng tnh ton vt qu sc khng tnh ton, nh quy nh y, cc quy nh phi c thc
hin chu c lc x v v ph hp vi iu 5.10.9
5.7.6. Cc cu kin chu ko

5.7.6.1. Sc khng ko tnh ton ( nhn h s)

Cc cu kin m lc tnh ton gy ra ng sut ko trn ton mt ct phi c coi l cu kin chi ko
v gi thit rng lc ko ch do thp chu. Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 5.11.5.4.
Sc khng tnh ton chu ko ng u c xc nh nh sau :
Pr = Pn

(5.7.6.1-1)

y :
Pn

sc khng ko danh nh quy nh trong iu 5.6.3.4.

h s sc khng quy nh trong iu 5.5.4.2.

5.7.6.2. Sc khng khi ko un kt hp

Cc cu kin chu ko lch tm to ra c ng lc ko v nn trong mt ct phi c thit k theo cc
quy nh ca iu 5.7.2.
5.8. Ct v xon
5.8.1. Phng php thit k

5.8.1.1. Cc vng chu un

Cc vng ca mt cu kin, c th ph hp vi gi thit mt ct vn phng sau khi t ti, phi c
thit k chu lc ct v xon hoc l theo m hnh mt ct thng thng theo quy nh ca iu 5.8.3
hoc l theo m hnh chng v ging theo quy nh ca iu 5.6.3. Cc quy nh ca iu 5.8.2 phi
c p dng.
Cc cu kin m trong khong cch t im lc ct bng khng n mt gi nh hn 2d, hoc l cc
cu kin trong ti trng gy ra ln hn 1/2 lc ct gi gn hn 2d tnh t mt gi th c th coi
chng l loi dm cao theo quy nh ca iu 5.6.3 v p dng cc yu cu cu to ca iu 5.13.2.3.

169

Tiu chun thit k cu

5.8.1.2. Cc vng gn v tr thay i kch thc t ngt

Ti cc vng m gi thit mt ct phng ca l thuyt un khng thch hp th khi thit k chng ct v
xon phi dng m hnh chng-v-ging (m hnh gin o) nh quy nh trong iu 5.6.3. Phi p
dng cc quy nh ca iu 5.13.2.

5.8.1.3. Cc vng tip gip

Cc vng tip gip ga cc b phn phi c thit k truyn lc ct theo quy nh ca iu 5.8.4

5.8.1.4. Cc loi bn v mng

Cc vng dng bn phi c thit k chu ct ph hp vi cc quy nh ca iu 5.13.3.6 hoc
iu 5.6.3.
5.8.2. Cc yu cu chung

5.8.2.1. Tng qut

Sc khng xon tnh ton, Tr, phi c xc nh nh sau :
Tr = Tn

(5.8.2.1-1)

y :
Tn

sc khng xon danh nh quy nh trong iu 5.8.3.6 (N.mm)

h s sc khng quy nh trong iu 5.5.4.2

Sc khng ct tnh ton, Vr, phi c xc nh nh sau :

Vr = Vn

(5.8.2.1-2)

Vn

sc khng ct danh nh nh quy nh trong iu 5.8.3.3(N)

h s sc khng nh quy nh trong iu 5.5.4.2

Vi b tng c t trng thng thng hiu ng xon phi c xem xt khi :

Tu > 0,25 Tcr

(5.8.2.1-3)

trong :

Tcr = 0,328 fc

A 2cp
pc

1+

fpc
0,328 fc

y :
Tu

m men xon tnh ton (N.mm)

Tcr

m men nt do xon (N.mm)

Acp

ton b din tch bao bc bi chu vi ngoi ca mt ct b tng (mm2)

pc

chiu di chu vi ngoi ca mt ct b tng (mm)

(5.8.2.1.4)

170

Tiu chun thit k cu

fpc

ng sut nn trong b tng sau khi cc tn tht d ng lc xy ra hoc trng tm ca

mt ct chu cc ti trng nht thi hoc ch ni gia bn bng v bn cnh dm khi
trng tm nm bn cnh dm (MPa).

h s sc khng quy nh trong iu 5.5.4.2

5.8.2.2. Cc hiu chnh i vi b tng nh

Khi dng b tng c ct liu nh vic xc nh sc khng xon v ct phi p dng cc hiu chnh nh sau :

Khi cng trung bnh chu ko ch ca b tng nh fct c quy nh, thnh phn
biu thc ca cc iu 5.8.2 v 5.8.3 phi c thay bng 1,8 fct

fc trong cc

fc

Khi fct khng c quy nh, thnh phn 0,75 fc cho tt c cc loi b tng nh v thnh phn
0,85 f c cho b tng ct nh phi c thay cho

fc trong cc biu thc trong cc iu 5.8.2 v 5.8.3.

C th dng phng php ni suy tuyn tnh khi thay ct tng phn.

5.8.2.3. Chiu di truyn lc v pht trin lc

Xem xt cc quy nh ca iu 5.11.4

5.8.2.4. Vng i hi ct thp ngang

Tr i vi bn, mng v cng, ct thp ngang phi c t khi hoc :
Vu > 0,5 (Vc + Vp)

(8.5.2.4-1)

hoc khi i hi xt n xon bi Phng trnh 5.8.2.1-3.

trong :
Vu

lc ct tnh ton (N)

Vc

sc khng ct danh nh ca b tng (N)

Vp

thnh phn lc d ng lctrong hng ca lc ct (N)

h s sc khng quy nh trong iu 5.5.4.2.

5.8.2.5. Ct thp ngang ti thiu

Ti nhng ch yu cu c ct thp ngang, nh quy nh trong iu 5.8.2.4, din tch ct thp khng
c t hn

A v = 0,083 f c

b ys
fy

(5.8.2.5-1)

y :
Av

din tch ct thp ngang trong c ly s (mm2)

bv

chiu rng bn bng c xc nh t ng bc nh quy nh trong iu 5.8.2.7 (mm)

171

Tiu chun thit k cu

c ly gia cc ct thp ngang (mm)

fy

gii hn chy quy nh ca ct thp ngang (MPa)

5.8.2.6. Cc loi ct thp ngang

Ct thp ngang c th bao gm :

Ct ai hp thnh mt gc khng nh hn 45o vi ct thp dc chu ko.

Tm li si thp hn vi cc si t vung gc vi trc cu kin, min l cc si ngang c m

bo vt qu mt on ti thiu 4%, c o trn mt tm ai t nht 100 mm bao gm t nht mt
si ngang, hoc

B thp d ng lc c neo gi, cu to v lp t gim thiu cc mt mt p mt v theo thi

gian, chng c t mt gc khng nh hn 45o so vi ct thp dc chu ko.

Ct theo chu xon phi bao gm c hai loi ct thp ngang v dc. Ct thp ngang phi l cc ct ai
kn vung gc vi trc dc ca cu kin.

5.8.2.7. C ly ti a ca ct thp ngang

C ly ct thp ngang khng c vt qu tr s sau :

Nu Vu < 0,1 fc bv dv th :
s 0,8 dv 600mm

(5.8.2.7-1)

Nu Vu 0,1 fc bv dv th :
s 0,4 dv 300 mm

(5.8.2.7-2)

y :

bv

b rng bn bng hu hiu c ly bng b rng bn bng nh nht trong phm vi chiu
cao dv, c iu chnh bi s c mt ca ng bc khi thch hp.

dv

chiu cao chu ct hu hiu, c ly bng c ly o thng gc vi trc trung ho gia hp lc ko

v lc nn do un, nhng khng cn ly t hn tr s ln hn ca 0,9 de hoc 0.72h (mm)

c ly ct thp ngang (mm)

Khi xc nh bv mt cao c th, b rng bn bng phi tr bt mt ng knh ng bc khng p

va hoc mt na ng knh ng bc p va cao .

5.8.2.8 . Cc yu cu thit k v cu to
Ct thp ngang phi c neo hai u ph hp vi cc quy nh ca iu 5.11.2.6. i vi cc
cu kin lin hp chu un, c th xt n vic ko di ct thp chu ct ca dm vo trong bn
mt cu nu xc nh c s khai trin v neo tho mn cc quy nh ca iu 5.11.2.6.

Gii hn chy thit k ca ct thp ngang khng d ng lc khng c vt qu 420 MPa. Gii
hn chy thit k ca ct thp ngang d ng lcphi ly bng ng sut hu hiu sau khi tnh
mi mt mt ng sut cng thm 420 MPa, nhng khng ln hn fpy.
Cc cu kin chu nn - un xin hoc chu ko un c chiu cao thay i phi c xem xt khi
tnh ton sc khng ct.

172

Tiu chun thit k cu

5.8.3. M hnh thit k mt ct

5.8.3.1.Tng qut
C th p dng m hnh thit k mt ct trong thit k chng ct khi c php ph hp vi cc
quy nh ca iu 5.8.1.
Thay cho cc phng php quy nh y, c th xc nh sc khng ca cc cu kin chu ct
hoc chu ct kt hp vi xon sao cho tho mn cc iu kin cn bng v tng thch v bin
dng v bng cch s dng quan h ng sut - ng bin c kim nghim bng th nghim i
vi ct thp v b tng b nt cho. Nu xem xt kh nng chng ct ng thi theo hng th hai
c m bo, th phi nghin cu trn c s hoc da trn cc nguyn l nu trn hoc theo m
hnh chng v ging trn khng gian ba chiu.

5.8.3.2. Cc mt ct cnh gi
Phi xem xt cc quy nh ca iu 5.8.1.2. Khi phn lc trn hng lc ct tc dng gy nn lc nn
vng u cu kin, v tr mt ct nguy him do ct phi ly ln hn 0,5 dv cotg hoc dv tnh t mt
trong ca gi.
Vi cc dm ko sau, ct thp vng neo phi c lm nh quy nh trong iu 5.10.9. i vi dm
ko trc phi lm mt lng thp b cc u tao thp nh quy nh trong iu 5.10.10. Vi cc dm
khng d ng lc ta trn cc gi truyn lc nn ln cu kin, ch cn t lng ct thp ngang ti thiu
gia mp ca bn hoc b v u dm.

5.8.3.3. Sc khng ct danh nh

Sc khng ct danh nh, Vn, phi c xc nh bng tr s nh hn ca :
Vn = Vc + Vs + Vp

(5.8.3.3-1)

Vn = 0,25 fc bv dv+ Vp

(5.8.3.3-2)

Vc = 0,083 fc bv dv

(5.8.3.3-3)

trong :

Vs =

A v f y d v (cotg + cotg)sin
s

(5.8.3.3-4)

y :
bv

b rng bn bng hu hiu ly bng b rng bn bng nh nht trong chiu cao dv c
xc nh trong iu 5.8.2.7 (mm)

173

Tiu chun thit k cu

dv

chiu cao chu ct hu hiu c xc nh trong iu 5.8.2.7 (mm)

c ly ct thp ai (mm)

h s ch kh nng ca b tng b nt cho truyn lc ko c quy nh trong iu 5.8.3.4.

gc nghing ca ng sut nn cho c xc nh trong iu 5.8.3.4 ()

gc nghing ca ct thp ngang i vi trc dc ()

Av

din tch ct thp chu ct trong c ly s (mm2).

Vp

thnh phn lc d ng lchu hiu trn hng lc ct tc dng, l dng nu ngc chiu
lc ct (N)

5.8.3.4. Xc nh v
5.8.3.4.1. Phng php n gin i vi nhng mt ct khng d ng lc

i vi cc mt ct b tng khng d ng lc khng chu ko dc trc v c t nht mt lng ct thp

ngang ti thiu quy nh trong iu 5.8.2.5, hoc khi c tng chiu cao thp hn 400 mm, c th dng
cc gi tr sau y :
= 2,0
= 45o
5.8.3.4.2. Phng php chung

i vi cc mt ct c ct thp ngang, cc gi tr v phi ly theo quy nh trong Hnh 1 v Bng 1,

cn vi cc mt ct khng c ct thp ngang th ly theo quy nh trong Hnh 2 v Bng 2.
Khi dng nhng bng hoc hnh ny :

ng sut ct trong b tng phi xc nh theo :

v=

Vu Vp

b v d v

(5.8.3.4.2-1)

ng bin trong ct thp pha chu ko do un ca cu kin phi xc nh theo :

Mu
+ 0,5 N u + 0,5Vu cot A ps f po
dv
x =
0,002
E s A s + E p A ps

(5.8.3.4.2-2)

Nu gi tr ca x, tnh t Phng trnh 5.8.3.4.2-1 l m th gi tr tuyt i ca n phi c gim i

bng cch nhn vi h s F, tnh bng :
F =

E s A s + E p A ps
E c A c + E s A s + E p A ps

(5.8.3.4.2-3)

trong :

h s sc khng ct quy nh trong iu 5.5.4.2

Ac

din tch b tng pha chu ko un ca cu kin nh ch ra trong Hnh 3 (mm2)

Tiu chun thit k cu

Aps

174

din tch thp d ng lc trong pha chu ko un ca cu kin nh trong Hnh 3, tr i s

thiu pht trin y mt ct c nghin cu (mm2)

Nu

lc dc trc tnh ton, ly l dng nu chu nn (N).

Vu

lc ct tnh ton (N)

As

din tch ct thp khng d ng lc trong pha chu ko un ca cu kin

nh trong Hnh 3, tr i s thiu pht trin y mt ct c nghin cu (mm2).

Mu

m men tnh ton (N-mm)

fpo

ng sut trong thp d ng lc khi ng sut trong b tng xung quanh bng 0,0 (MPa)

Pha chu ko un ca cu kin cn ly bng mt na chiu cao c cha vng ko un, nh c ch ra

trong Hnh 3.
Thng s c ly vt nt sx dng trong Hnh 2 v Bng 2 phi ly bng tr s nh hn ca hoc dv hoc c
ly ti a gia cc lp ca ct thp khng ch nt dc. Din tch ct thp trong mi lp khng c t
hn 0,003 bwsx.

Tiu chun thit k cu

Hnh 5.8.3.4.2-1 - Cc gi tr ca v i vi cc mt ct c ct thp ngang

175

Tiu chun thit k cu

Hnh 5.8.3.4.2-2- Cc gi tr ca v i vi cc mt ct khng c ct thp ngang

176

177

Tiu chun thit k cu

pha ko
do un

mt ct

ng bin
dc

cc ng sut cho
v cc lc dc

Hnh 5.8.3.4.2-3 Minh ha Ac

178

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 5.8.3.4.2-1- Cc gi tr ca v i vi cc mt ct c ct thp ngang

x x 1000

V
f 'c

-0,2

-0, 15

-0, 1

0, 125 0, 25

0, 5

0, 75

1, 5

<= 0, 05

27, 0
6, 78

27, 0
6, 17

27, 0
5, 63

27, 0
4, 88

27, 0
3, 99

28, 5
3, 49

29, 0
2, 51

33, 0
2, 37

36, 0
2, 23

41, 0
1,95

43, 0
1, 72

0, 075

27, 0
6, 78

27, 0
6, 17

27, 0
5, 63

27, 0
4, 88

27, 0
3, 65

27, 5
3, 01

30, 0
2, 47

33, 5
2, 33

36, 0
2, 16

40, 0
1, 90

42, 0
1, 65

0, 1

23, 5
6, 50

23, 5
5, 87

23, 5
5, 31

23, 5
3, 26

24, 0
2, 61

26, 5
2, 54

30, 5
2, 41

34, 0
2, 28

36, 0
2, 09

38, 0
1, 72

39, 0
1, 45

0, 125

20, 0
2, 71

21, 0
2, 71

22, 0
2, 71

23, 5
2, 60

26, 0
2, 57

28, 0
2, 50

31, 5
2, 37

34, 0
2, 18

36, 0
2, 01

37, 0
1, 60

38, 0
1, 35

0, 15

22, 0
2, 66

22, 5
2, 61

23, 5
2, 61

25, 0
2, 55

27, 0
2, 50

29, 0
2, 45

32, 0
2, 28

34, 0
2, 06

36, 0
1, 93

36, 5
1, 50

37, 0
1, 24

0, 175

23, 5
2, 59

24, 0
2, 58

25, 0
2, 54

26, 5
2, 50

28, 0
2, 41

30, 0
2, 39

32, 5
2, 20

34, 0
1, 95

36, 0
1, 74

35, 5
1, 21

36, 0
1, 00

0, 2

25, 0
2, 55

25, 5
2, 49

26, 5
2, 48

27, 5
2, 45

29, 0
2, 37

31, 0
2, 33

33, 0
2, 10

64, 0
1, 82

34, 5
1, 58

35, 0
1, 21

36, 0
1, 00

0, 225

26, 5
2, 45

27, 0
2, 38

27, 5
2, 43

29, 0
2, 37

30, 5
2, 33

32, 0
2, 27

33, 0
1, 92

34, 0
1, 67

34, 5
1, 43

36, 5
1, 18

39, 0
1, 14

0, 25

28, 0
2, 36

28, 5
2, 32

29, 0
2, 36

30, 0
2, 30

31, 0
2, 28

32, 0
2, 01

33, 0
1, 64

34, 0
1, 52

35, 5
1, 40

38, 5
1, 30

41, 5
1, 25

Bng 5.8.3.4.2-2. - Cc gi tr ca v i vi cc mt ct khng c ct thp ngang

sx
<= 130
250
380
630
1270
2500
5000

-0,2
26,0
6,90
27,0
6,77
27,0
6,57
28,0
6,24
31,0
5,62
35,0
4,78
42,0
3,83

-0,1
26,0
5,70
28,0
5,53
30,0
5,42
31,0
5,36
33,0
5,24
35,0
4,78
42,0
3,83

0
27,0
4,94
30,0
4,65
32,0
4,47
35,0
4,19
38,0
3,83
42,0
3,47
47,0
3,11

0,25
29,0
3,78
34,0
3,45
37,0
3,21
41,0
2,85
48,0
2,39
55,0
1,88
64,0
1,39

x x 1000
0,5
0,75
31,0 33,0
3,19 2,82
37,0 39,0
2,83 2,46
10,0 43,0
2,59 2,23
45,0 48,0
2,26 1,92
53,0 57,0
1,82 1,50
62,0 66,0
1,35 1,06
71,0 74,0
0,90 0,66

1
34,0
2,56
40,0
2,19
45,0
1,98
51,0
1,69
59,0
1,27
69,0
0,87
77,0
0,53

1,5
36,0
2,19
43,0
1,87
48,0
1,65
54,0
1,40
63,0
1,00
72,0
0,65
80,0
0,37

2
38,0
1,93
45
1,65
50,0
1,45
57,0
1,18
66,0
0,83
75,0
0,52
82,0
0,28

5.8.3.5. Ct thp dc
Vi nhng mt ct khng chu xon, ct thp dc phi c thit k sao cho Phng trnh 1 c tho
mn mi mt ct:

179

Tiu chun thit k cu

M
N V

A s fy + A ps fps u + 0,5 u + u 0,5Vs Vp cot g

dv

(5.8.3.5-1)

trong :
Aps

din tch thp d ng lc pha chu ko un ca cu kin, m t trong Hnh 5.8.3.4.2-3,

c tr i s thiu pht trin y mt ct c nghin cu (mm2).

cc h s sc khng ly t iu 5.5.4.2 ph hp vi m men, lc ct v sc khng dc trc.

Nu phn lc hoc ti trng ch m men max gy nn nn trc tip ln mt chu nn un ca cu

kin, th din tch ct thp dc pha chu ko un ca cu kin khng cn vt qu din tch yu cu
chu mt mnh m men max.
Ct thp dc pha ko un ca cu kin cn phi chu mt lc ko (Vu / - 0,5Vs - Vp) cotg mp
trong ca vng ta cc gi gin n ti u cu kin.

5.8.3.6. Cc mt ct chu ct v xon kt hp

5.8.3.6.1. Ct thp ngang

Ct thp ngang khng c t hn tng ct thp ngang yu cu chu ct nh quy nh trong iu

5.8.3.3, v chu xon ng thi nh quy nh trong cc iu 5.8.2.1 v 5.8.3.6.2.
5.8.3.6.2. Sc khng xon

Sc khng xon danh nh phi c ly bng :

Tn =

2A o A t f y cotgq
s

(5.8.3.6.2-1)

y :
Ao

din tch c bao bi dng ct, bao gm c din tch l trong nu c (mm2).

At

din tch ca mt nhnh ca ct thp ngang kn chu xon (mm2)

gc ca vt nt c xc nh ph hp vi quy nh ca iu 5.8.3.4 cng vi cc sa i

trong cc biu thc ca V v Vu di y(o)

i vi ct v xon kt hp, x phi c xc nh bng Phng trnh 5.8.3.4.2-2, vi Vn c thay

bng :

0,9p h Tu
Vu = Vu2 +
2A 0

(5.8.3.6.2-2)

Gc phi nh quy nh trong Bng 5.8.3.4.2-1 hoc Bng 5.8.3.4.2.2 ph hp vi ng sut ct v ly

bng :

180

Tiu chun thit k cu

i vi mt ct hp:

v=

Vu Vp
bvdv

Tu p h
A 20h

(5.8.3.6.2-3)

i vi mt ct khc:

Vu Vp
v =
b v d v

Tu p h
+
A 2
oh

(5.8.3.6.2-4)

trong :
ph

chu vi theo tim ca ct thp chu xon ngang kn (mm)

Aoh

din tch c bao bi tim ca ct thp chu xon ngang kn pha ngoi, bao gm c din
tch cc l nu c (mm2)

Tu

m men xon tnh ton (N.mm)

h s sc khng quy nh trong iu 5.5.4.2

5.8.3.6.3. Ct thp dc

Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 5.8.3.5 nh c sa i y xt n xon.

Ct thp dc phi c t tho mn Phng trnh 1 :

M
0.5N u
A s f y + A ps fps u +
+ cot
dv

Vu
0,45p h Tu

0,5Vs Vp +

2A o

(5.8.3.6.3-1)

5.8.4. Truyn lc ct tip xc - Ma st ct

5.8.4.1. Tng qut

Vic truyn lc ct tip xc phi c xt n qua mt mt phng c cho :

Mt vt nt hin hu hoc tim tng

Ch tip gip gia cc vt liu khc nhau.

Hoc ch tip gip gia hai khi b tng c thi gian khc nhau.

Sc khng ct danh nh ca mt ct tip xc phi c ly bng :

Vn = cAcv + [ Avf fy + Pc ]

(5.8.4.1-1)

Sc khng ct danh nh dng trong thit k khng c vt qu :

Vn 0,2 fc Acv hoc

(5.8.4.1-2)

Vn 5,5 Acv

(5.8.4.1-3)

181

Tiu chun thit k cu

y :
Vn

sc khng ct danh nh (N)

Acv

din tch b tng tham gia truyn lc ct (mm2)

Avf

din tch ct thp chu ct i qua mt phng ct (mm2)

fy

cng chy ca ct thp (MPa)

h s dnh bm quy nh trong iu 5.8.4.2 (MPa)

h s ma st quy nh trong iu 5.8.4.2

Pc

lc nn tnh thng xuyn thng gc vi mt phng ct, nu lc l ko, Pc = 0,0 (N)

fc

cng nn 28 ngy quy nh ca b tng yu hn ( mt tip gip) (MPa).

Ct thp chu ct tip xc gia b tng ca bn v ca dm hoc dm t hp c th bao gm cc thanh

thp n, cc ct thp ai c nhiu nhnh hoc cc nhnh ng ca tm li si thp hn. Din tch
mt ct ngang Avf ca ct thp khng c nh hn hoc gi tr yu cu ca Phng trnh 1 hoc :
Avf

0,35b v
fy

(5.8.4.1-4)

y :
bv

chiu rng mt tip xc, (mm)

Yu cu ct thp ti thiu ca Avf c th b qua nu Vn /Acv nh hn 0,7 MPa vi dm sn v dm ch,

c ly dc gia cc hng ct thp khng c vt qu 600 mm.
Lc ko tnh qua mt phng ct, nu tn ti, phi c chu bi ct thp b sung thm ngoi s ct
thp yu cu do ct.
Ct thp chu ma st ct phi c neo pht trin cng chy quy nh c hai pha ca mt
phng ct bng chn su vo, lm mc hoc hn.
Cc thanh thp phi c neo vo c dm sn hoc dm ch v bn.

5.8.4.2 . Dnh bm v ma st
Cc tr s sau y phi c dng cho h s dnh bm, c, v h s ma st, :

i vi b tng lin khi :

c = 1,0 MPa
= 1,4

i vi b tng c ph ln b tng sch, cng vi b mt c to nhm c 6 mm

c = 0,7 MPa
= 1,0

i vi b tng ph ln b tng sch, cng v khng c sa xi mng, nhng khng c to

nhm.

182

Tiu chun thit k cu

c = 0,52 MPa
= 0,6

i vi b tng c neo vo thp cn kt cu bng inh neo c u hoc bng cc thanh ct thp
m ton b phn thp tip xc vi b tng l sch v khng sn
c = 0,17 MPa
= 0,7

Phi ly cc tr s sau y cho :

Vi b tng t trng thng thng................................................................................................. 1,0

Vi b tng ct t trng thp ...................................................................................................... 0,85

Vi cc b tng t trng thp khc ............................................................................................. 0,75

C th dng ni suy cho trong trng hp thay ct mt phn.

5.8.5. Sc khng ct trc tip ca mi ni kh
i vi cc kt cu s dng cc mi ni kh, sc khng danh nh ca mi ni phi c xc nh
nh sau:

VNj = A k

f c (1 + 0,205f pc ) + 0,6A sm fpc

(5.8.5-1)

trong :
Ak

din tch chn ca tt c cc cht trong mt phng ph hoi. (mm2)

fc

sc khng nn ca b tng (MPa).

fpc

ng sut nn trong b tng sau mi mt mt d ng sut v c xc nh trng tm

ca mt ct ngang (MPa).

Asm

din tch tip xc gia cc b mt nhn trn mt phng ph hoi (mm2).

Trong vic xc nh sc khng tnh ton ca mi ni kh phi p dng h s sc khng c quy

nh trong Bng 5.5.4.2.2-1 i vi lc ct trong cc mi ni loi B.
5.9. D ng lc v d ng lc mt phn
5.9.1. Xem xt thit k chung

5.9.1.1. Tng qut

Cc quy nh ch ra y phi p dng cho cc b phn b tng kt cu c tng cng bi bt k s
t hp no ca thp d ng lc v ct thp thng thng cng lm vic chu cc ng lc chung.
Cc cu kin b tng d ng lc v d ng lc mt phn phi c thit k cho c cc d ng lc ban
u v sau cng. Chng phi tho mn cc yu cu cc trng thi gii hn s dng, mi, cng v
c bit nh quy nh trong iu 5.5 v ph hp vi cc gi thit quy nh trong cc iu 5.6, 5.7
v 5.8. Cc b thp d ng lc khng ng sut hoc cc thanh ct thp c th c dng t hp vi cc
b thp ng sut, min l chng cho thy s lm vic ca kt cu tho mn mi trng thi gii hn v
cc yu cu ca cc iu 5.4 v 5.6.

Tiu chun thit k cu

183

Cc gii hn ng sut nn, quy nh trong iu 5.9.4, phi c dng vi t hp ti trng s dng trong
Bng 3.4.1-1.
Cc gii hn ng sut ko, quy nh trong iu 5.9.4, phi c dng vi t hp ti trng s dng trong
Bng 3.4.1-1. Ghi ch 5 bng phi p dng khi kho st chu ko di hot ti.

5.9.1.2. Cng b tng quy nh

Cc cng quy nh, f 'c , v f 'ci, phi c ch r trong h s thu cho mi cu kin. Cc gii hn
ng sut lin quan ti cc cng quy nh phi ly nh quy nh trong iu 5.9.4.
Cng b tng khi truyn phi cho cc yu cu ca cc b neo hoc cho vic truyn qua lin kt
cng cc yu cu v vng hoc vng.

5.9.1.3. on
on ca b phn gia cc im m b tng v cc b thp tip xc vi nhau, on trong vn
chuyn v lp rp, v on ca cc bn bn bng v bn cnh mng phi c kho st.

5.9.1.4. Cc c trng mt ct
i vi cc c trng mt ct trc khi c lin kt ca cc b thp ko sau, vic gim thiu din tch do
cc ng bc h phi c xt n.
i vi c hai b phn ko trc v ko sau sau khi cc b thp lin kt th cc c trng mt ct c th
da trn mt ct nguyn hoc mt ct tnh i.

5.9.1.5. Kim tra vt nt

nhng ni cho php nt di ti trng s dng, chiu rng vt nt, mi ca ct thp, nhy cm v

g cn phi c xem xt, kim tra ph hp vi cc quy nh ca cc iu 5.5, 5.6 v 5.7.

5.9.1.6. Cc b thp vi cc im gy hoc cong

Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 5.4.6 v ng cong ca ng bc.
Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 5.10.4 kho st s tp trung ng sut do nhng i hng ca
b thp d ng lc.
i vi cc b thp tri trong ng bc chng khng thng v danh ngha, phi xt s khc bit gia
trng tm ca b v trng tm ca ng khi xc nh lch tm.
5.9.2. ng sut do bin dng cng bc

Cc hiu ng ln cc phn t lin k ca kt cu ca cc bin dng n hi v phi n hi do d ng

lcphi c nghin cu. Cc lc kim ch sinh ra trong cc phn t kt cu lin k c th c gim i
do cc tc ng ca t bin.

184

Tiu chun thit k cu

Trong cc khung lin khi, ng lc (hoc cc hiu ng lc) trong cc ct v tr c th xy ra do d ng

lc kt cu phn trn trn c s co ngn n hi ban u.
i vi cc khung lin khi thng thng, bt k s gia tng no v cc m men ct do co ngn t
bin di hn ca kt cu phn trn d ng lc, u c coi l c b li bi s chng ng thi ca
cc m men bin dng trong ct do t bin trong b tng ct.
S gim cc lc kim ch trong nhng b phn khc ca kt cu gy ra bi d ng lctrong mt b
phn c th ly bng :

Vi cc bin dng gy ra mt cch t ngt

F' = F(1-e- (t,ti) ), hoc

(5.9.2-1)

Vi cc bin dng gy ra mt cch t t

F' = F(1 - e- (t,ti) (t,ti)

(5.9.2-2)

trong :
F

ng lc c xc nh vi vic dng m un n hi ca b tng thi im t ti (N).

F'

ng lc chit gim (N)

y :
(t,t1) =

h s t bin thi im t i vi t ti thi im t1 nh quy nh trong iu 5.4.2.3.2

c s logarit t nhin (Nepe )

5.9.3. Cc gii hn ng sut cho cc b thp d ng lc

ng sut b thp do d ng lc, hoc trng thi gii hn s dng khng c vt qu cc gi tr :

Quy nh Bng 1, hoc

Theo khuyn ngh ca nh sn xut cc b thp v neo.

ng sut b thp cc trng thi gii hn cng v c bit khng c vt qu gii hn cng

ko cho trong Bng 5.4.4.1-1.

185

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 5.9.3-1 - Cc gii hn ng sut cho cc b thp d ng lc

Loi b thp
iu kin

Tao thp c
kh ng sut d, cc
thanh cng cao
trn nhn
Cng trc

Ngay trc khi truyn lc

(fpt + fpES)
trng thi gii hn s dng sau
khi tnh ton b mt mt (fpe)

Tao thp c
t chng thp

Cc thanh c
g cng
cao

0,70 fpu

0,75 fpu

0,80 fpy

0,80 fpy

0,80 fpy

0,90 fpy

0,90 fpy

0,90 fpy

0,70 fpu

0,70 fpu

0,70 fpu

0,70 fpu

0,74 fpu

0,70 fpu

0,80 fpy

0,80 fpy

0,80 fpu

Cng sau
Trc khi m neo - C th cho
php dng fs ngn hn
Ti cc neo v cc b ni cp
ngay sau b neo
(fpt + pES + fpA)
cui vng mt mt tm m
neo ngay sau b neo
(fpt + pES + fpA)
trng thi gii hn s dng
sau ton b mt mt

5.9.4. Cc gii hn ng sut i vi b tng

5.9.4.1. i vi cc ng sut tm thi trc khi xy ra cc mt mt - Cc cu kin d ng

lc ton phn
5.9.4.1.1. ng sut nn

Gii hn ng sut nn i vi cc cu kin b tng cng trc v cng sau, k c cc cu xy dng theo
phn on, phi ly bng 0,60 fci (MPa) .
5.9.4.1.2. ng sut ko
Phi p dng cc gii hn trong Bng 1 i vi cc ng sut ko. p dng iu ny, din tch
bn ngoi ca vng chu ko do nn dc trc phi c xem xt theo cc v tr nu di y trong
hnh dng cui cng ca kt cu.

Vng chu nn ngha l t mt trn ca bn ti trc trung ho ca mt ct nguyn ca b tng

cch gi 70% chiu di nhp i vi cc nhp bin hoc cc nhp c khp.

Vng chu nn, ngha l t mt trn ca bn ti trc trung ho ca mt ct nguyn ca b tng

nm trong khong 60% phn gia ca cc nhp bn trong.

186

Tiu chun thit k cu

Vng chu nn, ngha l t y ca bn ti trc trung ho ca mt ct nguyn ca b tng

trong khong 25% chiu di nhp k t cc tr v mi pha.

Bng 5.9.4.1.2-1 - Cc gii hn ng sut ko tm thi trong b tng d ng lc trc

mt mt, i vi cc cu kin d ng lc ton phn
V tr

Loi cu

Gii hn ng sut
Khng/c

Trong vng ko ca cu kin b nn trc. khng

c ct thp dnh bm.

Khng phi
cc cu
c xy

Trong cc vng khc vi cc vng chu ko ca

cu kin b nn trc v khng c ct thp ph
dnh bm.

0,25 fci 1,38 (MPa)

dng phn
on

Trong cc vng c ct thp dnh bm, chu

120% lc ko khi b tng b nt c tnh ton trn
c s mt mt ct khng nt.

0,58 fci (MPa)

tnh ng sut cu lp trong cc cc d ng lc.

0,415 fci (MPa)

ng sut dc thng qua cc mi ni trong vng ko

ca cu kin chu nn trc.
Cc cu
c xy
dng phn
on

Cc mi ni loi A vi lng ti thiu ct thp ph

c dnh bm chy qua cc mi ni, chu lc
ko tnh ton ng sut 0.5 fsy; vi cc b thp
trong hoc ngoi.

Cc mi ni loi A khng c lng ti thiu ct

thp ph c dnh bm chy qua cc mi ni.

Cc mi ni loi B vi b thp ngoi

ng sut theo phng ngang qua cc mi ni.

0,25 fci
lc ko max (MPa)
Khng cho ko
0,7 MPa lc nn min

0,25 fci (MPa)

i vi mi loi ni mi

ng sut trong cc khu vc khc

i vi cc din tch khng c ct thp thng dnh

bm.

Ct thp dnh bm chu lc ko tnh ton

trong b tng c tnh theo gi thit mt ct
khng b nt vi ng sut bng 0,5fsy

Khng cho ko

0,50 fci (MPa)

5.9.4.2. i vi cc ng sut trng thi gii hn s dng sAu khi xy ra cc mt mt.

Cc cu kin d ng lc ton phn
5.9.4.2.1. ng sut nn
Phi kho st nn vi t hp ti trng 1 ca trng thi gii hn s dng quy nh trong Bng 3.4.1-1.
Phi s dng cc gii hn nu trong Bng 1.
H s chit gim, w, phi c ly bng 1 khi cc t s mnh ca bn bng v bn cnh, tnh
theo iu 5.7.4.7.1, khng ln hn 15. Nu bn bng hoc bn cnh c t s mnh ln hn 15
phi tnh h s chit gim w theo iu 5.7.4.7.2.

187

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 5.9.4.2.1-1 - Gii hn ng sut nn ca b tng d ng lc trng thi gii hn

s dng sau mt mt cho cu kin d ng lc ton phn
V tr

i vi cc cu khng xy dng phn on v do tng ca lc d

ng lchu hiu v cc ti trng thng xuyn gy ra.
i vi cc cu xy dng phn on v do tng ca lc d ng
lchu hiu v cc ti trng thng xuyn gy ra.
i vi cc cu khng xy dng phn on v do hot ti cng vi
1/2 tng ca lc d ng lc hu hiu v cc ti trng thng xuyn
gy ra.
Do tng lc d ng lc hu hiu. ti trng thng xuyn, cc ti
trng nht thi, v ti trng tc dng khi vn chuyn v bc xp.

Gii hn ng sut
0,45 fc (MPa)
0,45 fc (MPa)
0,40 fc (MPa)
0,60 w fc (MPa)

5.9.4.2.2. ng sut ko

i vi t hp ti trng s dng bao hm ti trng xe, ng sut ko trong b phn vi cc b thp d

ng lc c dnh bm hoc khng dnh bm phi c kho st vi t hp ti trng s dng quy nh
trong Bng 3.4.1-1 c xt ti cc ghi ch ca n.
S dng cc gii hn trong Bng 1.

188

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 5.9.4.2.2-1 - Gii hn ng sut ko trong b tng d ng lc trng thi gii hn

s dng sau mt mt cho cc cu kin d ng lc ton phn
Loi cu

Cc cu
khng xy
dng phn
on

V tr
Lc ko trong min chu ko c nn trc ca cc cu
vi gi thit mt ct khng b nt.
i vi cc cu kin c cc b thp d ng lc hay
ct thp c dnh bm trong iu kin khng xu
hn cc iu kin b n mn thng thng.

Cc cu xy
dng phn
on

i vi cc cu kin c cc b thp d ng lc hay

ct thp dnh bm chu cc iu kin n mn nghim
trng.
i vi cc cu kin c cc b thp d ng lc
khng dnh bm.

Cc ng sut dc cc mi ni trong min chu ko

c nn trc.
Cc mi ni loi A c lng ct thp ph dnh bm
ti thiu chy qua cc mi ni chu lc ko dc vi
ng sut 0.5 fy ; cc b thp trong .
Mi ni loi A khng c lng ct thp ph dnh bm
ti thiu chy qua cc mi ni.
Cc mi ni loi B; cc b thp ngoi
ng sut ngang qua cc mi ni .
Lc ko theo hng ngang trong vng chu ko c
nn trc
ng sut trong cc vng khc.
i vi cc vng khng c ct thp dnh bm
C lng ct thp dnh bm chu c lc ko
trong b tng vi gi thit mt ct khng b nt ti
ng sut bng 0,5 fsy

Gii hn ng sut

0,5

fc

(MPa)

0,25

fc

(MPa)

Khng cho ko

0,25

fc

(MPa)

Khng cho ko
Nn ti thiu 0,7 (MPa)

0,25

fc

(MPa)

Khng cho ko

0,5

fc

(MPa)

p dng iu ny, din tch nm ngoi vng chu ko dc c nn trc phi c xc nh

theo iu 5.9.4.1.2.

5.9.4.3. Cc cu kin d ng lc mt phn

Cc ng sut nn phi c gii hn nh quy nh trong cc iu 5.9.4.1 v 5.9.4.2 i vi cc cu
kin d ng lc ton phn.
Nt trong vng chu ko c nn trc c th c php. Vic thit k cc b phn d ng lc mt
phn phi da trn phn tch mt ct nt vi vic tho mn cc trng thi gii hn s dng khc nhau.
ng sut ko trong ct thp trng thi gii hn s dng phi nh quy nh trong iu 5.7.3.4, trong

trng hp fsa phi c hiu l thay i ng sut sau s gim nn trc.

189

Tiu chun thit k cu

5.9.5. Mt mt d ng sut

5.9.5.1. Tng mt mt d ng sut

Thay v phn tch chi tit hn, cc mt mt d ng sut trong cc cu kin c xy dng v c to
d ng lc trong mt giai on duy nht c th ly bng :

Trong cc cu kin ko trc

fpT = fpES + fpSR + fpCR + fpR2

(5.9.5.1-1)

Trong cc cu kin ko sau :

fpT = fpF + fpA + fpES + fpSR + fpCR + fpR2

(5.9.5.1-2)

y :
fpT

tng mt mt (MPa)

fpF

mt mt do ma st (MPa)

fpA =

mt mt do thit b neo (MPa)

fpES =

mt mt do co ngn n hi (MPa)

fpSR =

mt mt do co ngt (MPa)

fpCR =

mt mt do t bin ca b tng (MPa)

fpR2 =

mt mt do t chng (do) ca ct thp d ng lc (MPa)

i vi cc cu kin ko trc; khi dng iu 5.9.5.3 d tnh ton b cc mt mt cn khu tr

phn mt mt do t chng thp xy ra trc khi truyn lc, fpR1, ra khi ton b phn t chng thp.
i vi cc cu kin ko sau, cn xt n mt mt ca lc b thp c ch r bng cc s c p
lc trn thit b cng ko.

5.9.5.2. Cc mt mt tc thi
5.9.5.2.1. Thit b neo

ln ca mt mt do thit b neo phi l tr s ln hn s yu cu khng ch ng sut trong thp

d ng lc khi truyn, hoc s kin ngh bi nh sn xut neo. ln ca mt mt do thit b neo gi
thit thit k v dng tnh mt mt ca thit b phi c ch ra trong h s hp ng v kim
chng trong khi thi cng.
5.9.5.2.2. Ma st
5.9.5.2.2a. Thi cng bng phng php ko trc

i vi cc b thp d ng lc dt, phi xt ti nhng mt mt c th xy ra cc thit b kp.

5.9.5.2.2b. Thi cng bng phng php ko sau

Mt mt do ma st gia b thp d ng lc v ng bc c th ly nh sau

fpF = fpj (1 - e -(Kx + ) )

(5.9.5.2.2b-1)

190

Tiu chun thit k cu

C th ly gi tr ma st gy ra gia b thp i qua mt ng chuyn hng loi n nh sau:

PF = fpj (1- e-(a+0.04))

(5.9.5.2.2b-2)

y :
fpj

ng sut trong thp d ng lc khi kch (MPa)

chiu di b thp d ng lc o t u kch n im bt k ang xem xt (mm)

h s ma st lc (trn mi mm ca b thp) c vit l mm -1

h s ma st

tng ca gi tr tuyt i ca thay i gc ca ng trc cp thp d ng lc tnh t u kch,

hoc t u kch gn nht nu thc hin cng c hai u, n im ang xem xt (RAD)

c s lgarit t nhin (Nape)

Cc gi tr K v cn ly da trn s liu th nghim i vi cc vt liu quy nh v phi th hin

trong h s thu. Khi thiu cc s liu ny, c th dng cc gi tr trong nhng phm vi ca K v cho
trong Bng 1.
i vi cc b thp ch cong trong mt phng thng ng phi ly l tng gi tr tuyt i ca cc
thay i gc trn chiu di x.
i vi b thp cong ba chiu, tng thay i gc ba chiu phi c ly bng php cng vc t, tc
tng thay i gc theo chiu ng v v tng thay i gc theo chiu ngang h.

Bng 5.9.5.2.2b-1 - H s ma st cho cc b thp ko sau

Loi thp

Cc ng bc

Si hay tao

Thanh cng
cao

ng thp m cng hay na cng

Vt liu Polyethylene
Cc ng chuyn hng bng thp cng
cho b thp ngoi
ng thp m

6,6 x 10-7
6,6 x 10-7

0,15 - 0,25
0,23

6,6 x 10-7

0,25

6,6 x 10-7

0,30

5.9.5.2.3. Co ngn n hi
5.9.5.2.3a. Cc cu kin ko trc

Mt mt do co ngn n hi trong cc cu kin ko trc phi ly bng :

f pES =

Ep
E ci

f cgp

(5.9.5.2.3a-1)

trong :
fcgp

tng ng sut b tng trng tm ca cc b thp ng sut do lc d ng lc khi truyn v

t trng ca b phn cc mt ct m men max (MPa)

Ep

m un n hi ca thp d ng lc(MPa)

Eci

m un n hi ca b tng lc truyn lc (MPa)

191

Tiu chun thit k cu

i vi cc cu kin ko trc ca thit k thng thng fcgp c th tnh trn c s ng sut trong ct
thp d ng lc c gi nh bng 0,65 fpu i vi loi tao thp c kh ng sut d v thanh thp
cng , v 0,70 fpu i vi loi b thp t chng thp (t do).
i vi cc cu kin thit k khng thng dng cn dng cc phng php chnh xc hn c da bi
nghin cu hoc kinh nghim.
5.9.5.2.3b. Cc cu kin ko sau

Mt mt do co ngn n hi trong cc cu kin ko sau, ngoi h thng bn ra, c th ly bng :

fpES =

N 1 Ep
fcgp
2N E ci

(5.9.5.2.3b-1)

trong :
N =

s lng cc b thp d ng lc ging nhau.

fcgp =

tng ng sut b tng trng tm cc b thp d ng lc do lc d ng lc sau khi kch v

t trng ca cu kin cc mt ct m men max (MPa).

Cc gi tr fcgp c th c tnh bng ng sut thp c gim tr s ban u bi mt lng chnh lch
ph thuc vo cc hiu ng co ngn n hi, t chng v ma st.
i vi kt cu ko sau vi cc b thp c dnh bm fcgp c th ly mt ct gia nhp, hoc i vi
kt cu lin tc mt ct c m men ln nht.
i vi kt cu ko sau vi cc b thp khng c dnh bm, gi tr fcgp c th c tnh nh ng sut
trng tm ca thp d ng lc ly bnh qun trn sut chiu di ca b phn.
i vi h bn, gi tr ca fpES c th ly bng 25% ca gi tr tnh c t Phng trnh 5.9.5.2.3a-1.

5.9.5.3. c tnh gn ng ton b mt mt theo thi gian

Mt c tnh gn ng ton b mt mt d ng lc ph thuc vo thi gian do t bin v co ngt ca b
tng v t chng ca thp trong cc b phn d ng lc v d ng lc mt phn c th ly theo
Bng 1 cho :

Cc cu kin khng phn on, ko sau , c chiu di nhp khng qu 50.000 mm v to ng sut
trong b tng tui 10 n 30 ngy, v

Cc cu kin ko trc, to ng sut sau khi t cng nn fci = 24 MPa.

Min l chng :

c lm bng b tng t trng thng,

B tng c bo dng bng hi nc hoc m t,

c to d ng lc tng thanh hoc tao thp vi thuc tnh t chng bnh thng v thp, v

ni c cc iu kin l ra v nhit trung bnh.

192

Tiu chun thit k cu

i vi cc cu b tng phn on, vic c tnh ton b mt mt ng sut ch c th c dng cho

thit k s b.
T l d ng lc mt phn (PPR) dng trong Bng 1 phi c ly nh quy nh trong Phng
trnh 5.5.4.2.1-2.
i vi nhng b phn c lm bng b tng c t trng thp, cc tr s quy nh trong Bng 1 phi
c tng ln 35 MPa.
i vi cc tao thp t t chng, cc gi tr quy nh trong Bng 1 c th c gim bt :

28 MPa i vi dm hp

41 MPa i vi dm ch nht, bn c v dm I, v

55 MPa i vi dm T n, T kp, li rng v bn rng.

i vi iu kin kt cu khc thng, cc c lng chnh xc hn phi t c ph hp vi cc

phng php da trn nghin cu hoc kinh nghim.

Bng 5.9.5.3-1 - Cc mt mt ph thuc vo thi gian - MPa

Vi dy thp v tao thp c

Vi cc thanh thp c

fpu= 1620, 1725 hoc 1680 MPa

fpu = 1000 hoc 1100 MPa

Bin trn
Trung bnh

200 + 28 PPR
180 + 28 PPR

130 + 41 PPR

Dm hp

Bin trn
Trung bnh

145 + 28 PPR
130 + 28 PPR

100

Dm I

Trung bnh

T n T kp
li rng v
bn rng

Bin trn

Dng mt
ct dm

Mc

Dm sn ch
nht v bn
c

Trung bnh

f 41

230 1 0,15 c
+ 41 PPR
41

f 41

270 1,0 0,15 c

+ 41 PPR
41

f 41

230 1,0 0,15 c

+ 41 PPR
41

130 + 41 PPR

f 41

210 1,0 0,15 c

+ 41 PPR
41

5.9.5.4. c tnh chnh xc cc mt mt theo thi gian

5.9.5.4.1. Tng qut

Cc gi tr chnh xc hn ca cc mt mt do t bin, co ngt v t chng so vi cc quy nh trong

im 5.9.5.3 c th c xc nh ph hp vi cc quy nh hoc ca iu 5.4.2.3 hoc cc im ny
cho cc b phn khng phn on d ng lc vi :

193

Tiu chun thit k cu

Cc nhp khng ln hn 75 000 mm,

B tng t trng thng,

Cng thi im d ng lc vt qu 24 MPa.

i vi b tng t trng thp, mt mt d ng lc phi da trn nhng tnh cht i din ca b tng
c dng
i vi thi cng phn on, trong mi trng hp xem xt khng phi l thit k s b, cn xc nh
cc mt mt ng sut theo quy nh trong iu 5.9.5, k c vic xem xt phng php v tin thi
cng ph thuc thi gian nh ch r trong h s thu.
5.9.5.4.2. Co ngt

Mt mt d ng sut do co ngt c th ly bng :

Vi cc cu kin ko trc :
fpSR = (117 - 1.03 H) (MPa)

(5.9.5.4.2-1)

Vi cc cu kin ko sau :
fpSR = (93 - 0.85 H) (MPa)

(5.9.5.4.2-2)

trong :
H

m tng i ca mi trng, ly trung bnh hng nm (%)

5.9.5.4.3. T bin

Mt mt d ng sut do t bin c th ly bng :

fpCR = 12,0 fcgp - 7,0 fcdp 0

(5.9.5.4.3-1)

trong :
fcgp

fcdp =

ng sut b tng ti trng tm thp d ng lc lc truyn lc (MPa)

thay i ng sut b tng ti trng tm thp d ng lc do ti trng thng xuyn, tr ti
trng tc ng vo lc thc hin lc d ng lc. Gi tr fcdp cn c tnh cng mt ct
hoc cc mt ct c tnh fcgp (MPa)

5.9.5.4.4. T chng
5.9.5.4.4a. Tng qut

Tng t chng bt k thi im no sau khi truyn lc phi c ly bng tng mt mt quy nh
trong cc iu 5.9.5.4.4b v 5.9.5.4.4c
5.9.5.4.4b. Ti lc truyn lc

Trong cc b phn ko trc, mt mt do t chng trong thp d ng lc, c to ng sut ban u

vt qu 0,50 fpu, c th ly bng:

i vi tao thp c kh ng sut :

194

Tiu chun thit k cu

f pR1 =

log(24,0t) f pj
0,55 f pj

10,0 f py

(5.9.5.4.4b-1)

i vi tao thp t chng t :

f pR1 =

log(24,0t) f pj
0,55 f pj

40,0 f py

(5.9.5.4.4b-2)

trong :
t

thi gian tnh bng ngy t lc to ng sut n lc truyn (Ngy)

fpj

ng sut ban u trong b thp vo cui lc ko (MPa)

fpy

cng chy quy nh ca thp d ng lc(MPa)

5.9.5.4.4c. Sau khi truyn

Mt mt do t chng ca thp d ng lc, c th ly bng :

i vi tao thp c kh ng sut, d ko trc

fpR2 = 138 0,4fpES 0,2(fpSR+ fpCR) (MPa)

(5.9.5.4.4c-1)

i vi tao thp c kh ng sut, ko sau:

fpR2 = 138 0,3fpF 0,4fpES 0,2(fpSR+ fpCR) (MPa)

(5.9.5.4.4c-2)

y :
fpF

mt mt do ma st di mc 0.70fpy im xem xt, tnh theo iu 5.9.5.2.2 (MPa)

fpES =

mt mt do co ngn n hi (MPa)

fpSR =

mt mt do co ngt (MPa)

fpCR =

mt mt do t bin (MPa)

i vi thp d ng lc c tnh t chng thp ph hp vi AASHTO M 203M (ASTM A 416 M

hoc E 328): Ly bng 30% ca fpR2 tnh theo Phng trnh 1 hoc 2.

i vi cc thanh thp ko sau 1000 n 1100 MPa: Mt mt do t chng cn da trn s liu th

nghim c chp nhn. Nu s liu th nghim khng c sn, mt mt c th gi nh bng
21 MPa.

5.9.5.5. Cc mt mt d ng sut tnh vng

tnh vng v vng ca cc b phn d ng lc khng phn on vi nhp khng vt qu 50
000 mm, c lm bng b tng c t trng thng thng, vi cng khng vt qu 24 MPa thi
im d ng lc, fcgp v fcdp c th c tnh bng ng sut trng tm thp d ng lc ly bnh qun
theo chiu di ca b phn.

195

Tiu chun thit k cu

5.10. Cc chi tit t ct thp

5.10.1. Lp b tng bo v

Lp b tng bo v t nht phi nh quy nh trong iu 5.12.3.

5.10.2. Cc mc v un cong

5.10.2.1. Mc tiu chun

Trong B Tiu chun ny thut ng "mc tiu chun" c hiu theo mt trong cc ngha sau:

Vi ct thp dc :
(a) un 180o, cng thm on ko di 4.0db, nhng khng t hn 65mm u thanh
(b) hoc un 90o cng thm on ko di 12.0db u thanh

Vi ct thp ngang :
(a) thanh No. 16 hoc nh hn : un 90o cng on ko di 6.0db u thanh,
(b) No. 19, No. 22 v No. 25: un 90o cng on ko di 12.0 db u thanh; v
(c) thanh No. 25 v ln hn : un 135o cng on ko di 6.0 db u thanh.

trong :
db

ng knh danh nh ca ct thp (mm)

5.10.2.2. Cc mc chng ng t
Cc mc chng ng t phi bao gm on un cong 135o, cng thm mt on ko di ln hn
6,0 db hay 75 mm, ly s ln hn. Phi dng cc mc chng ng t lm ct thp ngang vng
d kin c khp do. Loi mc ny v ni cn b tr chng phi c th hin chi tit trong
h s hp ng.

5.10.2.3. ng knh un cong ti thiu

ng knh ca on thanh un cong, c o pha bng ca thanh, khng c nh hn quy nh
trong Bng 1.

Bng 5.10.2.3-1 - ng knh ti thiu ca on un cong

Kch thc thanh v vic dng

No.10 n No.16 - chung
No.10 n No.16 - ai U v ging
No.19 n No.25 - chung
No. 29, No.32 v No.36
No. 43 v No.57

ng knh
ti thiu
6,0 db
4,0 db
6,0 db
8,0 db
10,0 db

Tiu chun thit k cu

196

ng knh pha bng ca on un cong i vi ai U v ging tm li dy hn trn v c g

khng c nh hn 4,0 db i vi dy c g ln hn D6 (38,7mm2), v 2,0db cho tt c cc loi dy c
kch c khc. Un cong vi ng knh trong nh hn 8,0 db khng c t cch giao din hn gn
nht t hn 4,0 db.
5.10.3. C ly ct thp

5.10.3.1. C ly ti thiu ca cc thanh ct thp

5.10.3.1.1. B tng c ti ch

i vi b tng c ti ch, c ly tnh gia cc thanh song song trong mt lp khng c nh hn :

1,5 ln ng knh danh nh ca thanh,

1,5 ln kch thc ti a ca cp phi th, hoc

38 mm

5.10.3.1.2. B tng c sn

i vi b tng c sn c sn xut trong iu kin khng ch ca nh my, c ly tnh gia cc

thanh song song trong mt lp khng c nh hn.

ng knh danh nh ca thanh,

1,33 ln kch thc ti a ca cp phi th, hoc

25 mm.

5.10.3.1.3. Nhiu lp ct thp

Tr trong cc bn mt cu, c ct thp song song c t thnh hai hoc nhiu lp, vi c ly tnh gia
cc lp khng vt qu 150mm, cc thanh cc lp trn phi c t trc tip trn nhng thanh lp
di, v c ly gia cc lp khng c nh hn hoc 25 mm hoc ng kinh danh nh ca thanh.
5.10.3.1.4 . Cc mi ni

Cc gii hn v c ly tnh gia cc thanh quy nh trong cc iu 5.10.3.1.1 v 5.10.3.1.2 cng c p

dng cho c ly tnh gia mt mi ni chng v cc mi ni hoc thanh lin k.
5.10.3.1.5. B thanh

S lng cc thanh song song c b li lm vic nh mt n v khng c vt qu bn trong mi b,

trong cc b phn chu un s lng cc thanh ln hn No36 khng c vt qu hai trong mi b.
B thanh phi c bao li bng thp ai hoc ging.
Tng thanh trong b, t on trong chiu dai nhp ca b phn, phi kt thc cc im khc nhau
vi khong cch t nht bng 40 ln ng knh thanh. ni m cc gii hn v khong cch da trn
kch thc thanh, mt b thanh phi c xem nh mt thanh c ng knh suy ra t tng din tch
tng ng.

197

Tiu chun thit k cu

5.10.3.2. C ly ti a ca cc thanh ct thp

Trong cc vch v bn, tr khi c quy nh khc, c ly cc ct thp khng c vt qu hoc 1.5
ln chiu dy ca b phn hoc 450 mm. C ly cc thp xon c, thp ging, thp chu nhit v co ngt
phi theo quy nh trong cc iu 5.10.6, 5.10.7 v 5.10.8.

5.10.3.3. C ly ti thiu ca cc b cp thp v ng bc cp d ng lc

5.10.3.3.1. Tao thp d ng lc ko trc
Khong trng gia cc tao thp d ng lc ko trc. bao gm c cc b c ng bc, u cu
kin v trong phm vi chiu di khai trin, c quy nh trong iu 5.11.4.2, khng c ly nh
hn 1,33 ln kch c ln nht ca ct liu cp phi v cng khng c nh hn c ly tim n tim
c quy nh trong Bng 5.10.3.3.1-1.

Bng 5.10.3.3.1-1- C ly tim n tim

Kch c tao thp (mm)
15,24
14,29 c bit
14,29
12,70 c bit
12,70
11,11
9,53

C ly (mm)

51
44
38

Nu chng minh c bng th nghim theo kch thc thc nguyn mu thit k. Khong trng
gia cc tao thp u cu kin c th c ly gim i.

Khong trng ti thiu gia cc nhm b khng c nh hn hoc 1,33 ln kch thc ti a ca cp
phi hoc 25mm.
Cc b thp ko trc c th t thnh chm, min l c ly gia cc b quy nh y c duy tr.
Quy nh ny p dng cho c b c bc hoc khng bc.
Cc nhm tm tao ng knh 15,24 mm hoc nh hn c th b li chng ln nhau trong mt phng
ng. S lng cc tao c b li bng bt k cch no khc khng c vt qu bn.
5.10.3.3.2. Cc ng bc ko sau khng cong trong mt phng nm ngang

Khong trng gia cc ng bc thng ko sau khng c nh hn 38 mm hoc 1,33 ln kch thc ln
nht ca cp phi th.
Cc ng bc c th c b li trong cc nhm khng vt qu ba, min l c ly c quy nh gia
cc ng ring r c duy tr gia mi ng ni trong vng 900 mm ca neo.

Tiu chun thit k cu

198

Vi cc nhm b ng bc thi cng khng phi l phn on, khong trng ngang gia cc b lin k
khng c nh hn 100 mm. Vi cc nhm ng c t trong hai hoc nhiu hn mt phng ngang,
mi b khng c nhiu hn hai ng trong cng mt phng ngang.
Khong trng ng ti thiu gia cc b khng c nh hn 38 mm hoc 1,33 ln kch thc ln nht
ca cp phi th.
Vi thi cng c trc, khong trng ngang ti thiu gia cc nhm ng c th gim xung 75 mm.
5.10.3.3.3. Cc ng bc cp ko sau cong

Khong trng ti thiu gia cc ng bc cong phi ging nh yu cu i vi hn ch ca b thp quy

nh trong iu 5.10.4.3. C ly i vi cc ng cong khng c nh hn i vi cc ng thng.

5.10.3.4. C ly ti a ca cc b thp v ng bc d ng lctrong cc bn

Cc b ko trc ca bn c sn phi t i xng, u v khng c t xa nhau qu hoc 1,5 ln
chiu dy bn lin hp hoc 450 mm.
Cc b ko sau ca bn khng c t xa nhau, t tim n tim qu 4,0 ln tng chiu dy lin hp ti
thiu ca bn.

5.10.3.5. Cc u ni ca b thp ko sau

H s hp ng phi quy nh khng c ni qu 50% s b thp dc ko sau c ni trong mt
mt ct v khong cch gia cc u ni cnh nhau khng c ly nh hn chiu di ca phn
on dm hay hai ln chiu cao ca phn on dm. Cc din tch trng xung quanh cc u ni
phi c gim tr khi din tch nguyn ca mt ct v m men qun tnh khi tnh ton cc ng
sut thi im tc dng lc ko sau.
5.10.4. Kim ch b thp

5.10.4.1. Tng qut

Phi b tr cc b thp nm trong phm vi ct thp ai tng cng trong bn bng dm, v nu c
th c, nm gia cc lp ct thp ngang trong bn cnh v bn mt cu. i vi cc ng bc
nm trong bn cnh di ca cc phn on dm c chiu cao thay i, phi b tr cc ct thp
kim ch danh nh xung quanh ng bc tng mt ca phn on dm. Khng c b tr t hn
2 hng ct thp thanh N13 kiu kp tc hai bn ca mi ng bc vi kch thc theo chiu thng
ng bng chiu dy ca bn, tr i cc kch thc lp bo h trn v di.
Phi xt n nh hng ca p lc va phun trong ng bc.

5.10.4.2. Tc ng lc trong cc bn
V mc ch ca iu ny, cc ng bc c t t tim n tim gn hn 300 mm c hai hng phi
c coi l t gn nhau.

199

Tiu chun thit k cu

ni m cc ng bc ngang v dc c t gn nhau trong cc bn cnh dm m khng c cc quy

nh gim thiu s lc ca ng phi c bao gm trong h hp ng, li ct thp nh v y

phi c ging vi nhau bng cc thanh kp No.13. C ly gia cc thanh kp khng c vt qu
hoc 450 mm hoc 1,5 ln chiu dy bn mi hng.

5.10.4.3. Tc ng ca cc b cong
Phi dng ct thp gi cc b cp thp cong. Ct thp phi c thit k sao cho ng sut thp
trng thi gii hn s dng khng vt qu 0.60fy, v gi tr gi nh ca fy khng vt qu 400 MPa.
C ly ct thp neo gi khng vt qu hoc 3.0 ln ng knh ngoi ca ng hoc 600 mm.
Khi cc b thp c t trong bn bng hoc bn cnh cong, hoc c un cong theo v gn theo cc
gc lm hoc l rng bn trong, phi c thm lp bo v b tng v/hoc ct thp neo gi. C ly gia
mt gc lm v/hoc l rng v mp ca ng bc gn khng c nh hn 1,5 ln ng knh
ng bc.
Khi mt b cong trong hai mt phng th cc lc trong v ngoi mt phng phi c cng vc t v
nhau.
5.10.4.3.1. Cc ng lc trong mt phng
ng lc trch hng trong mt phng do cc b thp i hng c ly bng :

Fu in =

Pu
R

(5.10.4.3.1-1)

y :
Fu-in

ng lc trch hng trong mt phng trn n v chiu di b thp (N/mm)

Pu

lc tnh ton ca b thp nh quy nh trong iu 3.4.3 (N)

bn knh cong ca b thp v tr xem xt (mm)

Lc trch hng ti a phi c xc nh trn c s tt c cc b thp, bao gm b thp d phng, u

c to ng sut.
Sc khng ct ca lp b tng bo v chng li lc trch hng y ra, Vr, phi ly bng:
Vr = Vn

(5.10.4.3.1-2)

Vn = 0,33d c f ci

(5.10.4.3.1-3)

trong :

y :
Vn

sc khng ct danh nh trn n v chiu di (N/mm)

h s sc khng ct quy nh trong iu 5.5.4.2

dc

lp ph b tng nh nht trn ng gen (mm)

f 'ci

cng nn quy nh ca b tng thi im t ti hoc to d ng lc ban u (MPa).

200

Tiu chun thit k cu

Nu lc trch hng tnh ton trong mt phng vt qu cng ct tnh ton ca lp bo v b tng
nh ch ra trong Phng trnh 2 th phi t cc ging neo hon ton chu cc lc trch hng tnh
ton di dng hoc thp khng d ng lc hoc d ng lc.
Khi dng ng bc chng trong dm cong phi kho st sc khng un ca lp ph b tng chu un.
i vi cc dm cong, cc tc ng un tng th ca cc lc ngoi mt phng phi c kho st.
ni cc ng cong ca cc b thp, ngoi cc b ct qua xp x 90o, c t sao cho hng ca lc
xuyn tm t b ny hng v b kia, phi t neo gi cc ng bng :

t khong cch gia cc ng sao cho sc khng ct danh nh nh quy nh trong Phng trnh 2,

t ct thp neo gi chu lc hng tm,

v quy nh rng mi ng bn trong phi c p va trc khi to d ng lc ng bn ngoi lin k.

5.10.4.3.2. Cc ng lc ngoi mt phng

ng lc ngoi mt phng do tc ng p ca b thp ln vch ng bc c th tnh nh sau :

Fu out =

Pu
R

(5.10.4.3.2-1)

y :
Fu-out =

ng lc ngoi mt phng trn n v chiu di b thp (N/mm)

Pu

lc b thp nhn h s nh quy nh trong iu 3.4.3 (N).

bn knh cong ca b thp trong mt phng ng v tr xem xt (mm)

Nu cng ct tnh ton cho bi Phng trnh 5.10.4.3.1-2 khng , phi t ct thp neo gi cc
b sut cc mt ct b thp cong chu ton b lc ngoi mt phng, nn dng ct thp dng l xo.
5.10.5. Cc b b cp t ngoi

Tr khi cc phn tch v dao ng ch ra khc i, chiu di khng ca cc b cp t ngoi - khng

c vt qu 7500 mm.
5.10.6. Ct thp ngang cho cc b phn chu nn

5.10.6.1. Tng qut

Cc quy nh ca iu 5.10.11 cng phi p dng thit k v cu to chi tit trong cc vng ng
t 2 v 3.
Ct thp ngang cho cc b phn chu nn cng c th dng loi ct i xon hoc ct ging.

5.10.6.2 .Ct ai xon

Ct xon dng cho cc b phn chu nn khng phi l cc, phi bao gm mt hoc nhiu ct xon lin
tc t u bng ct thp trn hoc ct thp c g, hoc dy thp vi ng knh ti thiu l 9,5 mm.
Ct thp phi c t sao cho tt c cc ct thp chnh dc nm bn trong v tip xc vi ct xon.

Tiu chun thit k cu

201

Khong trng gia cc thanh ct ai xon khng c nh hn hoc 25mm hoc 1,33 ln kch thc ln
nht ca cp phi. C ly tim n tim khng vt qu 6,0 ln ng knh ca ct thp dc hoc 150 mm.
Tr quy nh trong iu 5.10.11.4.1 cho vng ng t 3 v 4, ct ai xon phi ko di t chn
hoc b khc n cao ca lp ct thp ngang thp nht ca b phn c .
Neo ca ct ai xon phi c lm bng cch ko di thm mi u ct xon 1,5 vng thanh hoc dy
xon. i vi vng ng t 3 v 4, vic ko di ct thp ngang vo cc b phn ni phi tho mn cc
yu cu ca iu 5.10.11.4.3.
Cc u ni ca ct xon c th l mt trong cc cch sau :

Ni chng 48,0 ln ng knh thanh khng ph mt, 72,0 ln ng knh thanh ph mt hoc 48,0
ln ng knh dy thp,

Cc lin kt c kh c chp nhn,

Hoc mi ni hn c chp nhn

5.10.6.3. Ct ging (ct ai)

Trong cc b phn chu nn c ging, tt c cc thanh dc phi c bao quanh bi cc ct ging
ngang tng ng vi :

Thanh No. 10 cho cc thanh No. 32 hoc nh hn,

Thanh No. 15 cho cc thanh No. 36 hoc ln hn,

v thanh No. 13 cho cc b thanh.

C ly gia cc ct ging khng c vt qu hoc kch thc nh nht ca b phn chu nn hoc
300mm. Khi hai hoc nhiu thanh No. 35 c b li, c ly ny khng c vt qu hoc mt na
kch thc nh nht ca b phn hoc 150 mm.
Dy thp c g hoc tm li dy thp hn c din tch tng ng c th c dng thay cho
thp thanh.
Cc ct ging phi c b tr sao cho mi gc v thanh dc t xen k c c im ta ngang
nh c phn b gc ca mt ct ging vi gc cong khng qu 135o. Tr khi c quy nh khc
y. mi pha dc theo ct ging khng c b tr bt c thanh no xa qu (tnh t tim n tim)
610 mm tnh t thanh dc c gi chng chuyn dch ngang . Trong trng hp thit k ct
trn c s kh nng chu ti ca khp do th mi pha dc theo ct ging khng c b tr bt
c thanh no xa hn 150 mm (c ly tnh) tnh t thanh dc c gi chng chuyn dch ngang .
Nu b tr cc thanh theo chu vi ca mt vng trn th c th dng mt ct ging trn kn nu cc
mi ni trong cc ct ging c b tr so le.
Cc ct ging phi c b tr theo chiu ng khng ln hn 1/2 c ly ca chng pha trn b
mng hoc b khc v khng ln hn 1/2 c ly ca chng pha di lp ct thp nm ngang
thp nht trong cu kin b .

202

Tiu chun thit k cu

5.10.7. Ct thp ngang cho cc b phn chu un

Ct thp chu nn trong cc b phn chu un, tr bn mt cu, phi c bao quanh bi ct ging hoc
ct ai U tho mn kch thc v c ly yu cu ca iu 5.10.6, hoc bng tm li si hn c din tch
tng ng.
5.10.8. Ct thp co ngt v nhit

5.10.8.1. Tng qut

Ct thp chu cc ng sut co ngt v nhit phi c t gn cc b mt b tng l ra trc cc
thay i nhit hng ngy v trong b tng kt cu khi ln. Ct thp nhit v co ngt phi cng
thm vo sao cho tng ct thp cc b mt b l ra khng t hn quy nh y.

5.10.8.2. Cc cu kin mng hn 1200 mm

Ct thp chu co ngt v nhit c th di dng thanh, tm li si thp hn hoc b thp d
ng lc.
Vi cc thp thanh hoc tm li si thp hn, din tch ct thp trong mi hng khng c nh hn:
As 0,75 Ag/fy

(5.10.8.2.-1)

y :
Ag

din tch nguyn mt ct (mm2)

fy

cng chy quy nh ca thanh thp (MPa)

Thp phi c phn b u trn hai mt, tr cc b phn mng bng hoc mng hn 150 mm, ct thp
c th t trong mt lp.
Ct thp chu co ngt v nhit khng c t rng hn hoc 3,0 ln chiu dy cu kin hoc 450 mm.
Nu b thp d ng lc c dng nh thp chu co ngt v nhit , th cc b thp phi to nn
mt ng sut nn bnh qun ti thiu 0,75 MPa trn tng din tch b tng trong hng c xem xt,
da trn d ng lc hu hiu sau cc mt mt. C ly cc b thp khng c vt qu hoc 1800 mm hoc
c ly c quy nh trong iu 5.10.3.4. Khi t c ly ln hn 1400 mm, phi t ct thp dnh bm.
i vi cc tng v b mng bng b tng kt cu c, c ly cc thanh khng vt qu 300 mm trong
mi hng tt c cc mt, v din tch ca thp co ngt v nhit khng cn vt qu :
Ab = 0,0015 Ag

(5.10.8.2-2)

5.10.8.3. B tng khi ln

i vi cc cu kin b tng kt cu khi ln m kch thc nh nht ca n vt qu 1200 mm, kch
c thanh nh nht l No. 19 v c ly ca chng khng vt qu 450 mm.
Ct thp co ngt v nhit ti thiu trong mi hng, c phn b u trn c hai mt, phi tho
mn :

203

Tiu chun thit k cu

s(2d c + d b )
100

(5.10.8.3-1)

y :
Ab

din tch ti thiu ca thanh (mm2)

c ly cc thanh (mm)

dc

chiu dy lp b tng bo v o t th ngoi cng n tim thanh hoc si t gn n nht (mm).

db

ng knh ca thanh hoc si thp (mm)

S lng (2dc + db) khng cn ly ln hn 75mm.

Khi cc b thp d ng lc c dng nh thp co ngt v nhit , phi p dng cc quy nh lin
quan ca iu 5.10.8.1.
5.10.9. Cc vng neo ko sau

5.10.9.1. Tng qut

Cc neo phi c thit k trng thi gii hn cng cho cc lc kch tnh ton nh quy nh trong
iu 3.4.3.
Vi cc vng neo u cu kin hoc u mi phn on, cc kch thc ngang c th ly bng chiu
cao v chiu rng ca mt ct nhng khng ln hn kch thc dc ca cu kin hoc on. Phm vi
ko di ca vng neo theo hng b thp khng c nh hn tr s ln hn ca cc kch thc ngang
ca vng neo v cng khng c ly ln hn mt ln ri kch thc .
Vi cc neo trung gian, vng neo phi c xt v pha i din vi lc neo vi mt c ly khng nh
hn gi tr ln hn ca kch thc ngang ca vng neo.

5.10.9.2. Vng chung v vng cc b

5.10.9.2.1. Tng qut

Vi mc ch thit k, vng neo phi c xt bao gm hai vng :

Vng chung, p dng cc quy nh ca iu 5.10.9.2.2.

Vng cc b, p dng cc quy nh ca iu 5.10.9.2.3.

5.10.9.2.2. Vng chung

Phm vi ca vng chung phi c ly ng nht vi phm vi ca c vng neo xc nh trong iu

5.10.9.1, bao gm c vng cc b.
Thit k vng chung phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca iu 5.10.9.3.
5.10.9.2.3. Vng cc b

Thit k cc vng cc b phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca iu 5.10.9.7 hoc phi da trn cc kt qu

th nghim c chp nhn nh quy nh trong iu 5.10.9.7.3

Tiu chun thit k cu

204

thit k vng cc b, cc tc ng ca p lc p mt cao v vic dng ct thp kim ch phi c

xt n.
Cc thit b neo da trn th nghim chp nhn c ca iu 5.10.9.7.3 phi c tham chiu nh l
cc thit b neo c bit.
5.10.9.2.4 . Trch nhim

K s thit k phi chu trch nhim v thit k tng th v duyt bn v thi cng i vi vng chung.
bao gm v tr cc b thp v cc thit b neo, ct thp vng chung. trnh t to ng sut v thit k
vng cc b cho thit b neo da trn cc quy nh ca iu 5.10.9.7. Cc ti liu hp ng phi quy
nh r mi bn v thi cng cho vng cc b phi c k s ph duyt.
Nh cung cp thit b neo phi chu trch nhim cung cp cc thit b neo tho mn cc yu cu c
hiu lc ca Tiu chun thi cng. Nu s dng cc thit b neo c bit, Nh cung cp cn phi
chu trch nhim cung cp cc thit b neo tho mn cc yu cu v th nghim nghim thu theo
iu 5.10.9.7.3. Th nghim cho vic nghim thu ny v th cht lng ca neo phi do mt c
quan th nghim c lp thc hin v phi c k s ph duyt. Ngi cung cp thit b neo phi
cung cp cc kt qu th nghim nghim thu cho k s v cho Nh thu v phi quy nh r ct
thp ph v ct thp kim ch, c ly mp ti thiu, c ly neo ti thiu v sc khng ca b tng
ti thiu cn thit vo lc ko d ng lc m bo s lm vic ng n ca vng cc b.
Trch nhim ca nh thu c quy nh trong tiu chun thi cng, Phn 810.

5.10.9.3. Thit k vng chung

5.10.9.3.1. Cc phng php thit k

thit k cc vng chung, c th dng cc phng php sau y, ph hp vi cc yu cu ca iu

5.10.9.3.2:

M hnh phi n hi da trn s cn bng, ni chung c gi l m hnh chng-v-ging".

Cc phn tch ng sut n hi chnh xc quy nh trong Phn 4, hoc

Cc phng php gn ng khc khi c th p dng c.

Cc tc ng ca trnh t to d ng sut v cc tc ng ba chiu do ti trng kch tp trung phi c

nghin cu. Cc tc ng ba chiu c th c phn tch bng cc phng php phn tch ba chiu hoc
c th tnh gn ng bng xt ring r cc tiu m hnh vi hai hoc hn hai mt phng, trong trng
hp ny s tng tc ca cc tiu m hnh cn c xem xt, v cc ti trng trn m hnh v cc kt
qu cn phi ph hp.
Cng chu nn tnh ton ca b tng ca vng chung khng c vt qu 0,7 fci . Trong nhng
vng, ni m b tng c th b nt m rng gii hn do cc tc ng lc khc, hoc c th c nhng
s xoay phi n hi ln, cng nn tnh ton phi c gii hn ti 0,6 fci .
Khi thit k vng chung phi b qua sc khng ko ca b tng.
Sc khng ko danh nh ca ct thp dnh bm phi c gii hn fy i vi c ct thp khng
d ng lc ln ct thp d ng lc c dnh bm. Sc khng ko danh nh ca ct thp d ng lc
khng dnh bm phi c gii hn fpe+ 105 MPa.

Tiu chun thit k cu

205

an ton trong thit k, c th b qua s tham gia chu lc ca mi ct thp vng cc b vo sc

khng ca vng chung.
5.10.9.3.2. Nguyn l thit k
Cc ng sut nn trong b tng ng trc thit b neo c bn phi tho mn cc yu cu ca
iu 5.10.9.7.2.
Cc ng sut nn trong b tng pha trc thit b neo phi c nghin cu mt khong cch
o t mt p mt ca b tng khng c nh hn:

Chiu su tnh ti phn cui ca ct thp chng kim ch cc b, hoc

Kch thc nh hn theo phng ngang ca thit b neo.

Cc ng sut nn ny c th c xc nh bng cch dng m hnh chng v ging ca iu 5.10.9.4.

bng phn tch ng sut n hi theo iu 5.10.9.5 hoc bng phng php gn ng c nu tng
qut trong iu 5.10.9.6.3
ln ca lc n ngang Tburst v khong cch tng ng ca n k t b mt chu ti dburst c th
c xc nh bng cch dng m hnh chng v ging trong iu 5.10.9.4 bng phn tch ng
sut n hi theo iu 5.10.9.5 hoc bng phng php gn ng c nu tng qut trong iu
5.10.9.6.3. Phi xt nh hng ba chiu xc nh cc yu cu v ct thp chu lc n ngang.
Phi kim tra cc ng sut nn nhng ch c s gin on v hnh hc hoc ti trng trong phm
vi hoc trc vng neo c th gy tp trung ng sut.
chng cc lc n ngang phi t ct thp khng d ng lc hoc c d ng lc hoc dng ct
xon c, cc ai thp kn hoc ging neo ngang. Cc ct thp ny phi chu c ton b lc n
ngang. Vic b tr v neo ct thp chng n ngang cn p dng cc ch dn sau y:

t ct thp trn ton b b rng ca cu kin v neo tht st b mt ngoi ca cu kin ti

chng mc m bo lp bo v tr s cho php;

Phn b ct thp pha trc ca b mt chu ti dc theo c hai bn ca b thp vi khong

cch ly theo tr s nh hn gia 2.5 dburst i vi mt phng ang xt v 1,5 ln kch thc
ngang tng ng ca mt ct , y dburst c xc nh theo Phng trnh 5.10.9.6.3-2;

Trng tm ca ct thp chng n trng vi khong cch dburst c p dng cho thit k, v

Khong cch gia cc ct thp ln hn 24,0 ln ng knh ct thp v ln hn 300 mm.

C th xc dnh cc lc ko mp bng cch dng m hnh chng v ging nu trong iu

5.10.9.4. bng cch phn tch n hi theo iu 5.10.9.5 hoc bng cc phng php gn ng
mc 5.10.9.6.4.
i vi chm neo c khong cch t tim n tim nh hn 0,4 ln chiu cao mt ct. lc p v
khng c ly nh hn 2% ton b lc tnh ton ca b thp. i vi cc khong cch ln hn
phi xc nh cc lc p v bng tnh ton phn tch.

206

Tiu chun thit k cu

chu cc lc ko mp. phi t ct thp gn st vi mp dc v ngang ca b tng. S b tr

v neo ct thp chu ko mp phi tho mn cc iu kin sau y:

Ct thp chng p v theo quy nh phi c t trn ton b chiu rng ca cu kin.

Ct thp chng p v t gia cc thit b neo phi m bo ging chc cc thit b neo vi
nhau, v

Ct thp chu ko mp dc v ct thp chng p v i vi cc thit b neo lch tm phi lin

tc, ct thp t dc theo mt chu ko trn sut chiu di ca vng neo v dc theo mt chu
ti t mp dc cho ti pha bn kia ca thit b neo lch tm hoc ca nhm thit b neo.

5.10.9.3.3. Cc thit b neo c bit

Trong trng hp phi s dng cc thit b neo c bit khng tho mn cc yu cu ca iu
5.10.9.7.2 th cc min tng ng ca vng neo phi t ct thp ging nhau v mt hnh dng
v t nht c t l khi lng tng ng vi ct thp ph thm ngoi vi theo cc quy nh ca
Tiu chun xy dng cu AASHTO LRFD, (iu 10.3.2.3.4).
5.10.9.3.4. Cc b phn neo trung gian
5.10.9.3.4a. Tng qut
Khng c dng cc neo trung gian nhng vng m pht sinh lc ko ng k sau neo
do cc ti trng khc. Trong trng hp xt thy hp l th cn t neo gc gia bn cnh v
bn bng dm hoc phi ko sut b rng bn cnh hoc chiu cao bn bng to to thnh mt
sn lin tc. Trng hp phi lm vu neo n l bn cnh hoc bn bng th trong thit k phi
xem xt ti lc ct cc b, un v nh hng ca lc tc dng trc tip vo n.
5.10.9.3.4b. Ging neo pha sau
Tr trng hp c quy nh khc, phi t ct thp c dnh bm ging no t nht bng 25% lc
cng tnh ton ca neo trung gian vo mt ct b tng pha sau b neo. ng sut trong phn ct
thp dnh bm ny khng c vt qu tr s ti a l 0,6 fy hoc 240MPa. Nu ng sut nn
thng xuyn pht sinh pha sau b phn neo do cc ti trng khc th lng ct thp ging neo
c th gim bt theo Phng trnh 1.
Tia = 0,25Ps - fcbAcb

( 5.10.9.3.4b-1)

trong :
Tia

lc ko ging neo trung gian (N)

Ps

lc cng ko cha nhn h s cc i (N)

fcb

ng sut nn do tnh ti cha nhn h s trong vng pha sau neo (MPa)

Acb =

din tch ca mt ct ngang tip theo trong phm vi cc phn m rng ca

hai bn bn neo hoc vu neo, tc l din tch vu neo hoc sn khng tham gia vo
mt ct ngang (mm2).

Ct thp ging no khng c b tr vt qu mt chiu rng ca tm bn neo k t trc ca

b thp. Cc ct thp ny phi c neo hon ton sao cho gii hn chy c th pht trin ti pha
trc b phn neo cng nh ti ng sau b phn neo mt khong bng b rng tm bn neo hoc
mt na chiu di ca vu neo hoc sn gia c. Nu c th c th trng tm ca ct thp ny
phi trng vi trc ca b thp. i vi vu neo hoc sn gia c. Phi b tr ct thp trong mt
ct st vi mt ca bn cnh hoc bn bng c t vu neo hay sn gia c.

207

Tiu chun thit k cu

5.10.9.3.4c. Ct thp ca vu neo hoc sn gia c.

Cn phi t ct thp sut ton b vu neo hoc sn gia c theo yu cu chu ma st ct, lc
mt tha, lc n ra v cc lc chuyn hng do cong ca b thp. Cc ct thp ny phi ko di
cng xa cng tt vo bn cnh hoc bn bng dm v c pht trin bng cc mc tiu chun un
xung quanh cc thanh thp ngang hoc tng ng. Khong cch ct thp khng c vt qu
tr s nh nht ca hoc chiu cao vu neo hoc chiu cao sn gia c ch neo hoc chiu rng
vu neo hoc 150 mm.
Phi t thp chu un cc b trong vu neo v sn gia c do s lch tm ca lc b thp gy ra
v chng un ngang sn gia c do cc lc chuyn hng ca b thp.
Phi t ct thp chu cc lc cng do s truyn lc neo t vu neo hoc sn gia c vo ton b
kt cu theo iu 5.10.9.3.2.
5.10.9.3.5. Cc vch ngn
i vi cc b cp c neo trong vch ngn th ng sut nn ca b tng phi c gii hn trong
phm vi vch ngn theo ch dn ca iu 5.10.9.3.2. Cc ng sut nn cng phi c tnh ton
ch chuyn tip t vch ngn sang bn bng v bn cnh ca cu kin.
Phi t ct thp bo m truyn hon ton ti trng neo ca vch ngn ti cc bn cnh v bn
bng ca dm. Phi kim tra cc yu cu v ct thp chu ma st ct gia vch ngn v bn bng
dm cng nh gia vch ngn v cc bn cnh dm.
Cng phi t ct thp ging no cc lc chuyn hng o cong ca b thp.
5.10.9.3.6. Cc neo bn kp
Tr trng hp c tnh ton chi tit hn, phi t lng ct thp ti thiu theo ch dn y
chu lc n ngang v lc ko mp.
Phi t ct thp chu lc n ngang. Cc ct thp ny phi c neo st vo cc mt ca bn
bng cc mc tiu chun un xung quanh cc ct ngang hoc tng ng. Lng ct thp ti
thiu phi l hai thanh N010 cho mi im neo vi khong cch bng 1,5 ln chiu dy bn pha
trc neo.
Phi t ct thp chu cc lc ko mp, T1, gia cc ch neo v cc lc n ngang, T2, ng
trc neo. Ct thp chu lc ko mp phi c t ngay trc cc neo v phi ging mt cch
hu hiu cc neo cnh nhau. Ct thp chng n ngang phi c phn b trn sut chiu di ca
cc vng neo.

a
T1 = 0,10 Pu 1
s

( 5.10.9.3.6-1)

a
T2 = 0,20 Pu 1
s

( 5.10.9.3.6-2)

Tiu chun thit k cu

208

trong :
T1

lc ko mp (N)

T2

lc n ngang (n)

Pu

ti trng tnh ton ca b thp trn mt neo n l (N)

b rng ca bn neo (mm)

khong cch gia cc neo (mm)

i vi cc neo bn vi khong cch mp nh hn hai ln chiu rng bn neo, hoc mt ln chiu

rng bn mt cu ct thp chu ko mp phi c tnh ton cho chu 25% ti trng tnh ton ca
b thp. Ct thp ny phi c dng cc kp tc v phi c phn b trong phm vi mt chiu rng
bn neo ng trc neo. Cc nhnh ca cc ct thp trn phi ko di t mp bn dm vt qua
neo lin k nhng khng nh hn mt khong bng nm ln chiu rng bn neo cng thm chiu
di khai trin.
5.10.9.3.7. Cc yn i hng
Cn phi dng m hnh chng v ging hoc dng cc phng php da vo kt qu th nghim
thit k cc yn i hng.

5.10.9.4. p dng m hnh chng-v-ging thit k vng chung

5.10.9.4.1. Tng qut

Dng lc trong vng neo c th c lm cho gn ng bng m hnh chng-v-ging nh quy nh

trong iu 5.6.3.
Tt c cc lc tc ng ln vng neo phi c xt n trong la chn m hnh chng-v-ging, chng
cn i theo ng ti trng t cc neo n cui vng neo.
5.10.9.4.2. Cc nt

Cc vng cc b tho mn cc yu cu ca iu 5.10.9.7 c th c coi l c cu to ng n v l

nhng nt y . Cc nt khc trong vng neo c th c coi l y nu cc ng sut b tng hu
hiu trng cc thanh chng tho mn cc yu cu ca iu 5.10.9.4.3 v cc ging ko c cu to
pht trin cng chy y ca ct thp.
5.10.9.4.3. Cc thanh chng
ng sut nn tnh ton khng c vt qu cc gii hn quy nh trong iu 5.10.9.3.1.

Trong cc vng neo, mt ct nguy him i vi cc thanh chng chu nn thng c th ly ch giao
ct vi nt vng cc b. Nu cc thit b neo c bit c dng, mt ct nguy him ca thanh chng
c th c ly nh mt ct m ko di ra n ct trc ca b thp su bng gi tr nh hn chiu
su ca ct thp kim ch cc b hoc kch thc ngang ca thit b neo.
Vi cc b phn mng, kch thc ca thanh chng theo chiu dy ca b phn c th ly gn ng
bng cc gi thit l chiu dy ca thanh chng chu nn thay i tuyn tnh t kch thc ngang theo
chiu ngang ca neo b mt b tng n tng chiu dy mt ct su bng chiu dy mt ct.
Cc ng sut nn cn gi nh tc ng song song vi trc ca thanh chng v c phn b u trn
mt ct ngang ca n.

209

Tiu chun thit k cu

5.10.9.4.4. Cc ging

Cc ging gm c thp khng d ng lc hoc thp d ng lc phi chu ton b lc ko.

Cc ging phi ko qua cc nt pht trin lc ko y nt. S ct thp phi theo st cc
ng lc thc t ca ging c gi nh trong m hnh chng-v-ging.

5.10.9.5. Phn tch ng sut n hi

Cc phn tch da trn cc tnh cht vt liu n hi, cn bng lc v ti trng v tnh tong thch ca
ng bin c th c dng phn tch v thit k cc vng neo.
Nu cc ng sut nn trong b tng pha trc ca thit b neo c xc nh t mt phn tch n hi
th cc ng sut cc b c th ly bnh qun trn din tch bng din tch p mt ca thit b neo.

5.10.9.6. Cc phn tch ng sut v thit k gn ng

5.10.9.6.1. Cc gii hn p dng

Cc ng sut nn ca b tng pha trc thit b neo, v tr v ln ca lc n ra v cc lc ko mp

c th c tnh bng cch dng cc Phng trnh 5.10.9.6.2-1 n 5.10.9.6.3-2 min l :

B phn c mt ct ngang ch nht v chiu di pht trin ca n khng nh hn kch thc ngang
ln hn ca mt ct ngang,

B phn khng c cc gin on trong hoc trc vng neo,

C ly mp nh nht ca neo trong mt phng chnh ca b phn khng nh hn 1,5 ln kch thc
ngang tng ng "a" ca thit b neo,

Ch c mt b neo hoc mt nhm cc b neo t st nhau c t trong vng neo, v

Gc nghing ca b thp nh ch ra trong cc Phng trnh 5.10.9.6.3-1 v 5.10.9.6.3-2 l nm

gia -5.0o v +20.0o

5.10.9.6.2. Cc ng sut nn
ng sut nn ca b tng fca pha trc thit b neo khng c vt qu :

fca =

0,6 Pu K
1 1

A b (1 + l c )
b eff t

(5.10.9.6.2-1)

trong :
nu a s < 2aaff th

s
K = 1 + 2
a eff

nu s 2aeff th : K = 1
y :

n
0,3 +
15

(5.10.9.6.2-2)
(5.10.9.6.2-3)

210

Tiu chun thit k cu

h s iu chnh cho cc neo t st nhau

aeff

kch thc ngang ca din tch p mt hu hiu c o song song vi kch thc ln
hn ca mt ct ngang (mm).

beff

kch thc ngang ca din tch p mt hu hiu c o song song vi kch thc nh
hn ca mt ct ngang (mm).

Pu

lc b thp tnh ton (N)

chiu dy cu kin (mm)

c ly tim n tim cc neo (mm)

s lng neo trong hng

lc

phm vi theo chiu dc ca ct thp kim ch ca vng cc b khng ln hn gi tr ln

hn trong 1,15 aeff hoc beff (mm)

Ab

din tch p mt hu hiu (mm2)

Din tch p mt hu hiu Ab trong Phng trnh 1 phi ly bng gi tr ln nht trong hai gi tr
din tch bn m neo Aplate hoc din tch p mt ca phn b tng b kim ch trong vng cc b
Aconf theo cc gii hn di y:

Nu l Aplate khng ch th ly Aplate khng ln hn 4/ Aconf

Nu Aconf khng ch th gi tr ln nht ca Aconf khng c ly qu 2 ln gi tr ln nht ca

Aplate hoc 3 ln kch thc nh nht ca Aplate. Nu vi phm bt c gii hn no trong cc gii
hn ny th din tch p mt hu hiu Ab phi cn c vo Aplate.

Phi khu tr din tch ca ng bc khi xc nh Ab.

Nu nhm neo c t cnh nhau theo c hai hng th phi nhn vi cc h s hiu chnh K cho
mi hng, nh quy nh trong Phng trnh 1.
5.10.9.6.3. Cc lc n ra

Cc lc n ra trong cc vng neo, Tburst, c th ly bng :

a
Tburst = 0,25 Pu (1 ) + 0,5 (Pu sin )
h

(5.10.9.6.3-1)

V tr ca lc n ra, dburst, c th ly bng :

dburst = 0,5(h-2e) + 5e sin

(5.10.9.6.3-2)

y :
Tburst =

lc ko trong vng neo tc ng pha trc thit b neo v i ngang qua trc b thp (N)

Pu

lc b thp tnh ton (N)

dburst =

c ly t thit b neo n trng tm ca lc n ra Tburst (mm)

kch thc ngang cc thit b neo hoc nhm thit b neo trn hng xem xt (mm).

lch tm ca thit b neo hoc nhm thit b neo i vi trng tm ca mt ct ngang,

lun ly l dng (mm).

kch thc ngang ca mt ct ngang trn hng xem xt (mm)

Tiu chun thit k cu

211

gc nghing ca lc b thp so vi trc ca b phn kt cu l dng i vi cc b thp

ng tm hoc lc neo hng vo trng tm mt ct, l m nu lc neo hng ra ngoi
trng tm mt ct.

5.10.9.6.4. Cc lc ko mp

Lc ko mp dc c th c xc nh t vic phn tch mt mt ct ti mt na chiu cao ca mt ct

cch xa mt ct t ti ly nh mt dm chu un v chu lc dc trc kt hp. Lc p v (xem 5.10.9.32) c
th ly bng lc ko mp dc, nhng khng c nh hn quy nh trong iu 5.10.9.3.2

5.10.9.7. Thit k cc vng cc b

5.10.9.7.1. Cc kch thc vng cc b

Trong cc trng hp:

Hoc nh sn xut khng a ra cc kin ngh v c ly mp;

Hoc nh sn xut c kin ngh v c ly mp, nhng chng khng c kim tra mt cch c lp.

Cc kch thc ngang ca vng cc b trn mi hng phi ly tr s ln hn ca:

Kch thc bn ta tng ng, cng hai ln lp bo v ti thiu bng b tng c yu cu cho
vic p dng ring v mi trng, v

Kch thc bn ngoi ca bt k ct thp kim ch c yu cu no, cng lp bo v b tng c

yu cu trn ct thp kim ch cho vic p dng ring v mi trng.

Lp bo v yu cu i vi chng g phi ly nh quy nh trong iu 5.12.3.

Khi nh sn xut c nhng kin ngh v lp bo v ti thiu, c ly v cc c ly mp cho thit b neo
ring bit c sn, v khi nhng kch thc ny c kim tra mt cch c lp, cc kch thc
ngang ca vng cc b trn mi hng phi ly tr s nh hn ca:

Hai ln c ly mp quy nh bi nh cung cp thit b neo, v

C ly tim-n-tim cc neo c quy nh bi nh cung cp neo.

Cc kin ngh i vi khong cch v c ly mp ca cc neo do nh sn xut cung cp phi c xem

nh gi tr ti thiu.
Chiu di vng cc b dc theo trc b thp khng c ly nh hn :

Chiu rng ti a ca vng neo,

Chiu di ca ct thp kim ch thit b neo, hoc

Vi cc thit b neo c nhiu mt ta, c ly t mt b tng chu ti n y ca mi mt ta

cng thm kch thc ln nht ca b mt ta .

Chiu di ca vng cc b khng c ly ln hn 1,5 ln chiu rng ca vng cc b.

5.10.9.7.2. Sc khng ta
Cc thit b neo thng thng phi ph hp vi cc yu cu quy nh trong iu ny. Cc thit b
neo c bit phi ph hp vi cc yu cu quy nh trong iu 5.10.9.7.3.

212

Tiu chun thit k cu

Khi ct thp vng chung m bo tho mn iu 5.10.9.3.2 v phm vi phn b tng dc theo trc
ca b thp trc thit b neo t nht bng 2 ln chiu di ca vng cc b xc nh theo iu
5.10.9.7.1, sc khng p mt tnh ton ca neo ly nh sau:

Pr = fn Ab

(5.10.9.7.2-1)

trong fn l tr s nh hn ca :

f n = 0,7fci

A
,v
Ag

fn = 2,25 f ci

(5.10.9.7.2-2)
(5.10.9.7.2-3)

y :

h s sc khng quy nh trong iu 5.5.4.2.

din tch ti a ca phn b mt , ging vi din tch chu ti v ng tm vi n v

khng ln sang din tch tng t ca thit b neo bn cnh (mm2)

Ag

tng din tch ca bn c tnh ph hp vi cc yu cu y (mm2)

Ab

din tch thc hu hiu ca bn ta c tnh bng din tch Ag, tr i din tch cc l
khot trong bn ta (mm2).

fci

cng danh nh ca b tng thi im t lc b thp (MPa)

C th dng ton b din tch bn ta cho Ag v tnh Ab nu vt liu bn khng chy lc b thp
tnh ton v mnh ca bn ta, n/t, khng vt qu :

E
n/t 0,08 b
fb

,33

(5.10.9.7.2-4)

y :
t

chiu dy bnh qun ca bn ta (mm)

Eb

m un n hi ca vt liu bn ta (MPa)

fb

ng sut trong bn neo mt ct ly mp ca l nm hoc cc l (MPa)

phn hng ca bn y pha ngoi l nm hoc bn nm, khi ph hp (mm)

Vi cc neo c bn nm ring, n c th ly bng c ly ln nht t mp ngoi ca bn nm n mp

ngoi ca bn .
Vi cc bn hnh ch nht, c ly ny phi ly song song vi cc mp ca bn . Nu neo khng c
bn nm ring, n c th ly bng phn hng pha ngoi chu vi ngoi ca nhm l hng xem xt.
Vi cc bn khng tho mn mnh yu cu quy nh y, tng din tch ta hu hiu Ag
phi ly bng :

i vi cc neo c bn nm ring: Din tch v mt hnh hc tng ng vi bn nm, vi cc

kch thc c tng thm hai ln chiu dy bn ta.

i vi cc neo khng c bn nm ring: Din tch v mt hnh hc tng ng vi chu vi ngoi

ca cc l nm, vi kch thc tng thm hai ln chiu dy bn ta.

213

Tiu chun thit k cu

5.10.9.7.3. Cc thit b neo c bit

C th dng cc thit b neo c bit khng tho mn cc yu cu quy nh trong iu 5.10.9.7.2,

min l chng c th bi mt c quan th nghim c lp c k s chp nhn v p ng cc tiu
chun nghim thu quy nh trong cc iu 10.2.2.3 ca Tiu chun thi cng cu AASHTO.
Ct thp vng neo cc b phi c thit k nh mt phn ca h thng ko sau ng b v phi
c th hin trn cc bn v thi cng chi tit cho cng vic ko sau. S iu chnh ct thp chu
kp trong vng chung do ct thp c coi nh l mt b phn ca h thng ko sau c th c
xem xt nh l mt phn ca qu trnh duyt bn v thi cng. K s t vn cn c trch nhim i
vi thit k ct thp vng neo chung.
i vi mt l sn phm thit b neo chuyn dng cng loi. c th ch cn th nghim i vi cc
mu i din. tr khi k s t vn yu cu th nghim v kh nng chu ti ca cc neo trong mi
l sn phm.
5.10.10. Cc vng neo ko trc

5.10.10.1. Sc khng n tnh ton ( nhn h s)

Sc khng n tnh ton ca vng neo ko trc c to bi ct thp ngang u dm ko trc phi
c ly bng :
Pr = fs.As

(5.10.10.1-1)

trong :
fs

ng sut trong thp khng qu 140MPa.

As

din tch tng cng ca ct thp thng ng b tr khong cch h/5 tnh t u dm (mm2)

chiu cao ton b ca cu kin c sn (mm)

Sc khng khng c nh hn 4% lc d ng lc khi truyn.

Phi b tr ct thp thng ng u dm cng st mt dm cng tt trong chng mc c th.

5.10.10.2. Ct thp b gi
Ct thp phi c t b cc tao thp d ng lc bn cnh di dm, khng phi dm hp, trong
khong cch 1,5 d tnh t u dm. Ct thp l cc thanh thp c g, khng c nh hn No. 10 vi c
ly khng vt qu 150 mm v c to hnh bc cc tao thp d ng lc.
i vi dm hp, ct thp ngang phi c t v neo bng cch ko di cc chn ct ai ln bn
bng dm.
5.10.11. Cc quy nh cho thit k ng t

5.10.11.1. Tng qut

Cc quy nh ca cc iu ny ch phi p dng cho trng thi gii hn c bit.

Tiu chun thit k cu

214

Ngoi cc yu cu c quy nh trong iu 5.10 ct thp cn phi ph hp vi cc quy nh v sc

khng ng t c quy nh y.
Phi p dng cc yu cu chuyn v quy nh trong iu 4.7.4.4 hoc cc thit b cn dc quy nh
trong iu 3.10.9.5.
Cc cu nm trong vng ng t 3 phi tho mn c cc yu cu quy nh trong iu 5.10.11.3 cho
vng ng t 2 v cc yu cu quy nh trong iu 5.10.11.4 cho vng ng t 3.

5.10.11.2. Vng ng t 1
Khng xt lc ng t i vi vic thit k cc cu kin, tr vic thit k lin kt ca kt cu phn trn
vi kt cu phn di c quy nh trong iu 3.10.9.2

5.10.11.3. Vng ng t 2
Cc yu cu v ct thp ngang nh v chn ct phi nh quy nh cc iu 5.10.11.4.1(d) v
5.10.11.4.1(e)

5.10.11.4. Vng ng t 3
5.10.11.4.1. Cc yu cu i vi ct

V mc ch ca iu ny mt b ng c coi l ct nu t l gia chiu cao tnh trn kch thc

mt phng ln nht ca b khng nh hn 2,5. i vi ct loe kch thc mt phng ln nht phi
ly mt ct loe nh nht. i vi b m t l trn nh hn 2,5 phi p dng cc quy nh i vi
tr ca iu 5.10.11.4.2.
Mt tr c th c thit k nh mt tr hng kho ca n v nh mt ct hng yu.
5.10.11.4.1a. Ct thp dc

Din tch ct thp dc khng c nh hn 0,01 hoc ln hn 0,06 ln din tch mt ct ngang
nguyn Ag.
5.10.11.4.1b. Sc khng un

Cng hai trc ca ct khng c nh hn tr s yu cu do un nh quy nh trong iu 3.10.9.4.

Ct phi c kho st i vi c hai trng hp ti trng cc hn trng thi gii hn c bit nh quy
nh trong iu 3.10.8. Cc h s sc khng ca iu 5.5.4.2 phi c thay bng gi tr 0,50 cho
c hai loi ct c ct thp xon v ct thp ai khi ti trng trc cc tr tnh ton ca ct vt qu
0,20 fc Ag. Tr s c th c tng tuyn tnh t 0,50 n 0,90 khi ti trng trc cc tr tnh ton nm

gia 0,2 fc Ag v 0,0.

5.10.11.4.1c. Lc ct ca ct v ct thp ngang

Lc ct tnh ton Vc trn mi trc chnh ca mi ct v h cc phi nh quy nh trong iu 3.10.9.4.

S lng ct thp ngang khng c t hn quy nh trong iu 5.8.3.

215

Tiu chun thit k cu

Cc quy nh sau y p dng cho vng cui ca nh v chn ct v b cc :

Phi ly gi tr Vc trong vng u dm theo quy nh ca iu 5.8.3 vi iu kin l lc nn

dc trc tnh ton nh nht vt qu 0,01 fc Ag . i vi cc lc nn nh hn 0,00 fc Ag th phi
gim gi tr Vc theo t l tuyn tnh bt u t gi tr theo quy nh ca iu 5.8.3 cho n 0,0 ng
vi lc nn bng 0.

Vng cui phi c gi nh ko di t mt di ca dm hoc dm m nh ct, hoc nh

mng chn ct, mt c ly ly tr s ln hn ca :
- Kch thc mt ct ngang ln nht ca ct.
- 1/6 chiu cao ct
- hoc 450mm,

Vng cui nh m cc phi ly nh quy nh cho ct. y b cc vng cui phi xt ko di t

3 ln ng knh cc di im tnh ton m men ln nht n mt ln ng knh cc, nhng khng
t hn 450 mm tnh t mt t.
5.10.11.4.1d. Ct thp ngang b cc khp do

Li ct v b cc phi c b li bng ct thp ngang cc vng c th pht sinh khp do. Ct thp
b ngang phi c gii hn chy khng ln hn gii hn chy ca ct thp dc vi c ly phi ly theo
quy nh trong iu 5.10.11.4.1e.
i vi ct trn, t l th tch ca ct thp xon, Ps, khng c nh hn gi tr, hoc quy nh trong
iu 5.7.4.6, hoc :

Pb = 0,12

fc
fy

(5.10.11.4.1d -1)

trong :

fc

=
cng nn quy nh ca b tng 28 ngy tr khi c quy nh tui khc 28
ngy (MPa)
=

fy

cng chy ca cc thanh ct thp (MPa).

Trong vng khp do, cc mi ni trong ct xon phi c lm bng cc mi ni hn hon ton hoc
bng lin kt c hon ton.
i vi ct ch nht, tng din tch mt ct nguyn Ash ca cc thp ai ch nht khng c nh
hn hoc :

A sh = 0,30 sh c

hoc

A sh = 0,12 sh c
y :

f c
fy

f c
fy

Ag
1

Ac

(5.10.11.4.1d-2)

(5.10.11.4.1d-3)

Tiu chun thit k cu

c ly ng ca cc thp ai khng vt qu 100 mm (mm)

Ac

din tch li ct (mm2)

Ag

din tch nguyn ca ct (mm2)

216

tng din tch mt ct ngang ca ct thp bao gm cc ct ging ngang ph c c ly ng

Ash =
"s" v i qua mt ct c kch thc li hc (mm2).
fy

gii hn chy ca ct ging hoc ct xon (MPa).

hc

kch thc li ca ct c ai theo chiu ang xt (mm)

Ash phi c xc nh cho c hai hng chnh ca ct ch nht v phi dng gi tr ln hn.
Ct thp ai ngang c th c lm bng ai n hoc ai chng. C th dng cc ging ngang c cng
kch thc thanh nh ai. Mi u ging ngang phi mc vo mt thanh ct thp dc ngoi vi. Tt c
cc ging ngang phi c mc ng t nh quy nh trong iu 5.10.2.2.
Ct thp ngang no tho mn cc yu cu di y phi xem l ct ai ging - ch thp.

Phi l thanh lin tc c mc khng nh hn 135o v c trin khai khng nh hn 6 ln

ng knh ng thi khng c t hn 75 mm mt u v phi c mt mc khng nh hn 90o
v c trin khai khng nh hn 6 ln ng knh u kia.

Cc mc phi m vo cc thanh dc b tr theo chu vi

Cc mc 90o ca hai thanh ging - ch thp t lin tip m cng m vo cng cc thanh dc
phi c b tr xen k tr u ui.
Cc thanh ngang no tho mn cc yu cu di y phi xem l mt ai kn (vng).

Ct thp ai kn hay ai vng lin tc

C th lm thnh ai kn bng mt s on ct thp c cc mc 135o vi on ko di bng 6

ln ng knh nhng khng t hn 75mm mi u.

Mt thanh ai vng lin tc phi c mi u mt mc 135o vi on ko di bng 6 ln

ng knh nhng khng t hn 75mm m vo ct thp dc.

5.10.11.4.1e. C ly ct thp ngang b

Ct thp ngang b phi :

c t nh v chn ct trn mt chiu di khng t hn tr s ln nht ca cc kch thc mt
ct ngang ct ln nht, 1/6 chiu cao tnh ca ct hoc 450mm,

Ko di vo cc lin kt nh v chn nh quy nh trong iu 5.10.11.4.3.

c t nh cc trong b cc trn cng chiu di nh quy nh cho ct.

c t trong cc cc ca b cc trn chiu di t 3 ln kch thc mt ct ngang ln nht di

im m men ngm tnh ton n mt c ly khng t hn kch thc mt ct ngang ln nht hoc 450
mm trn mt t.
V c t cch nhau khng qu 1/4 kch thc nh nht ca b phn, 6 ln ng knh ct thp
dc hoc 105 mm t tim n tim.

5.10.11.4.1f. Mi ni

Thit k cc mi ni phi theo ng quy nh ca iu 5.11.5.

Ch c php ni chng ct thp dc trong phn gia ca na chiu cao ct v chiu di ni khng
nh hn 400 mm hoc bng 60 ln ng knh thanh.

217

Tiu chun thit k cu

Khong cch ca cc ct thp ngang trn chiu di mi ni khng c vt qu hoc 100 mm hoc
1/4 kch thc cu kin nh nht.
Cc mi ni lin kt hn hon ton hoc c kh hon ton, ph hp vi iu 5.11.5 c th chp nhn
c s dng min l trong mi lp ct thp dc ti mt ct ni cc thanh so le nhau v khong cch
cc mi ni ca cc thanh k nhau ln hn 600 mm o theo trc dc ca ct.
5.10.11.4.2. Yu cu i vi tr-dng-tng

Cc iu c quy nh y phi c p dng thit k tr theo phng kho . Phng yu ca tr

c th thit k theo nh ct bng cch theo ng cc quy nh ca iu 5.10.11.4.1 vi h s iu
chnh phn ng i vi ct dng xc nh cc lc thit k. Nu tr khng thit k nh mt ct trong
phng yu ca tr, phi s dng cc hn ch i vi sc khng ct tnh ton c quy nh y.
T l ct thp nh nht theo c hai hng nm ngang h v thng ng v, trong bt k tr no khng
c nh hn 0,0025. T l ct thp thng ng phi khng c nh hn t l ct thp nm ngang.
Khong cch ct thp, hoc theo nm ngang hoc theo thng ng, khng c vt qu 450 mm. Ct
thp chu ct cn thit phi l lin tc v phi phn b ng u.
Sc khng ct tnh ton, Vr , tr phi ly theo s nh hn ca cc phng trnh sau :
Vr = 0,66 f c' bd ,

(5.10.11.4.2-1)
Vr - Vn

(5.10.11.4.2-2)

trong :
Vn = [ 0,165 fc + h fy ] bd

(5.10.11.4.2-3)

Cc lp ct thp thng ng v nm ngang nn b tr trn tng mt ca tr. Cc mi ni ct thp nm

ngang phi t so le v cc mi ni trong trng hp c 2 lp ct thp khng c t trn cng
mt v tr.
5.10.11.4.3. Lin kt ct

Lc thit k ni ct vi dm m kt cu phn trn, m cc hoc mng m rng phi tun theo

quy nh trong iu 3.10.9.4.3. Chiu di trin khai i vi tt c thp dc phi bng 1,25 ln chiu di
trin khai ct thp c yu cu t cng chy hon ton nh quy nh trong iu 5.11.
Ct thp ngang ca ct, nh quy nh trong iu 5.10.11.4.1d, phi l lin tc trn mt on di
khng nh hn 1/2 kch thc ct ln nht, hoc bng 380 mm tnh t mt ni ct vo trong b phn
k bn.
Sc khng ct danh nh truyn cho b tng trong mi ni khung hoc un cong theo phng ang
xem xt phi khng vt qu:

i vi b tng ct liu t trng thng thng:

218

Tiu chun thit k cu

Vn = 1,0 bd fc v

(5.10.11.4.3-1)

i vi b tng ct liu t trng nh :

Vn = 0,75 bd fc

(5.10.11.4.3-2)

5.10.11.4.4. Cc mi ni thi cng tr v ct

Khi lc ct c chng ti mi ni thi cng duy nht bng tc ng cht v ma st b mt b tng

g gh, sc khng ct danh nh i qua mi ni, Vn, phi ly bng:
Vn = (Avf fy + 0.75Pu)

(5.10.11.4.4-1)

trong :
Avf

tng din tch ct thp, bao gm ct thp chu un (mm2)

Pu

ti trng dc trc tnh ton nh nht c quy nh trong iu 3.10.9.4 cho ct v tr (N)

5.10.12. Ct thp cc cu kin chu nn c mt ct ch nht rng

5.10.12.1. Tng qut
Din tch ct thp dc mt ct ngang khng c nh hn 0,01 ln din tch nguyn ca b tng.
Phi t hai lp thp cho mi vch ca mt ct ngang mt lp gn mi mt ca vch. Din tch ct
thp hai lp phi xp x bng nhau.

5.10.12.2. Khong cch ct thp

Khong cch ngang t tim n tim ca cc thanh ct thp dc khng c ln hn s nh hn ca
1,5 ln b dy vch hoc 450 mm.
Khong cch dc t tim n tim ca cc thanh ct thp ngang khng c ln hn tr s nh hn
ca 1,25 ln b dy vch hoc 300 mm.

5.10.12.3. Ging
Cn phi b tr cc ging ngang gia cc lp ct thp mi vch. Cc thanh ging phi c mc
tiu chun 1350 mt u v mc tiu chun 90o u kia. Cc thanh ging phi c t cc
giao im ca li ct thp v cc mc ca tt c cc thanh ging phi m vng cc ct thp c
ngang ln dc cc giao im. Mi thanh ct thp dc v mi thanh ct thp ngang phi c m
vng trong mc ca mt thanh ging vi khong cch khng qu 600 mm.
i vi cc kt cu c thi cng phn on. cn phi t thm cc thanh ging dc theo mp trn
v mp di ca mi phn on. Phi t cc thanh ging sao cho c th ni c cc im cui
ca tng i ct thp dc mt trong v mt ngoi vch ca mt ct ngang .

Tiu chun thit k cu

219

5.10.12.4. Cc mi ni
Cc thanh ct ngang c th c ni cc gc ca mt ct ngang bng on ni chng on un
90o. Khng cho php dng mi ni chng thng cho cc thanh ct thp ngang tr trng hp cc
thanh ni chng c cc mc m vng trong sut chiu di ni vi t nht bn thanh ging nm
cc giao im ca cc thanh ngang v thanh dc.
5.10.12.5. Ct ai vng
Trong trng hp c th cu to c. phi b tr cc ai vng kn m ly cc thanh ct dc cc
gc ca mt ct ngang. Nu khng t c cc ct ai vng kn th c th dng cc cp thanh
hnh ch U c chn di t nht bng hai ln chiu dy vch v t vung gc 90o vi nhau.
Cc ng bc cng sau nm cc gc ca mt ct ngang phi c neo vo trong vng gc bng
cc ai vng kn c on cong 90o mi u m vng t nht mt ct thp dc gn mt pha
ngoi ca mt ct ngang.
5.11. Trin khai ct thp v mi ni ct thp
5.11.1. Tng qut
5.11.1.1. Yu cu c bn

Cc ng lc tnh ton trong ct thp ti mi mt ct phi trin khai v mi pha ca mt ct bng

chiu di ngm, mc, hoc cc linh kin c kh, hoc mt t hp cc loi ny. C th dng cc mc v
cc neo c kh trong vic trin khai cc thanh ch chu ko.

5.11.1.2. Trin khai ct thp chu un

5.11.1.2.1. Tng qut

Cc mt ct nguy him i vi vic trin khai ct thp chu un trong cc cu kin chu un phi c
ly ti cc im c ng sut ln nht v ti cc im nm bn trong khu m ct thp k bn
kt thc hoc c un ln.
Ngoi tr ti cc im gi ca cc nhp n gin v ti cc nt u dm hng, ct thp phi c ko
di ra xa im m ti khng c yu cu ct thp di hn chng li s un, vi mt chiu di
khng nh hn :

Chiu cao hu hiu ca cu kin

15 ln ng knh thanh danh nh, hoc

1/20 ln nhp tnh.

Ct thp phi tip tc ko di mt chiu di khng nh hn chiu di trin khai, l d , c quy nh

trong iu 5.11.2, ra xa im m ct thp chu un c un ln hoc kt thc do khng cn thit
di hn na chu un.
Khng c kt thc nhiu hn 50% s ct thp ti bt k mt ct no, v cc thanh k nhau khng
c kt thc trong cng mt ct.

Tiu chun thit k cu

220

Ct thp chu ko cng c th khai trin bng cch un qua thn dm m trong ct thp nm v kt
thc trong vng chu nn bng b tr chiu di trin khai l d ti mt ct thit k, hoc bng cch lm n
lin tc vi ct thp trn mt i din ca cu kin.
Phi b tr cc neo b xung cho ct thp chu ko ca cu kin chu un nhng ni lc trong ct thp
khng t l thun vi m-men tnh ton nh sau :

Lm vt mng nghing, nh bc hoc vut thon u.

Cc dm hng ngn

Cc cu kin chu un cao, hoc

Ct thp chu ko trong cu kin khng song song vi mt chu nn.

5.11.1.2.2. Ct thp chu m men dng

t nht mt phn ba ct thp chu mmen dng trong cc thnh phn nhp gin n v 1/4 ct thp
chu mmen dng trong cc b phn lin tc phi ko di dc theo cng mt mt ca b phn qua
ng tim gi. cc dm, ct thp ny phi ko di xa gi t nht 150 mm.
5.11.1.2.3. Ct thp chu mmen m
t nht 1/3 tng ct thp chu ko c b tr chu mmen m ti gi phi c chiu di ngm cch xa
im un khng nh hn :

Chiu cao hu hiu ca cu kin

12 ln ng knh thanh danh nh, v

0,0625 ln chiu di nhp tnh.

5.11.1.2.4. Mi ni chu m men

Ct thp chu un trong cc cu kin lin tc, b ngm hoc hng hoc bt k cu kin no ca khung
cng phi c cu to to tnh lin tc ca ct thp ti cc ch gp nhau vi cc cu kin khc sao
cho pht trin c sc khng mmen danh nh ca mi ni.
Trong cc vng ng t 3 v 4 cc mi ni phi c cu to chu cc mmen v cc lc ct do cc
ti trng nm ngang truyn qua mi ni.
5.11.2. Trin khai ct thp

5.11.2.1.Cc thanh c g v si thp c g chu ko

5.12.2.1.1. Chiu di trin khai ct thp ko

Chiu di trin khai ct thp ko l d, phi khng c nh hn tch s chiu di trin khai ct thp ko
c bn l db c quy nh y, nhn vi cc h s iu chnh hoc h s nh c quy nh trong cc

iu 5.11.2.1.2 v 5.11.2.1.3. Chiu di trin khai ct thp ko khng c nh hn 300 mm, tr khi
dng mi ni chng quy nh trong iu 5.11.5.3.1 v trong vic trin khai ct thp chng ct theo quy
nh trong iu 5.11.2.6.

221

Tiu chun thit k cu

Chiu di trin khai ct thp ko c bn, l db theo mm, phi ly nh sau :

Vi thanh No.36 v nh hn:

i vi cc thanh No.43:

i vi cc thanh No.57:

Vi si c g :

0,02A b f y
f c

nhng khng nh hn 0,06 db fy

25fy
fc
34fy
fc

0,36d b fy
fc

trong :
Ab

din tch ca thanh hoc si (mm2)

fy

cng chy c quy nh ca cc thanh ct thp (MPa)

fc

cng chu nn quy nh ca b tng tui 28 ngy, tr khi c tui khc c quy nh

ng knh thanh hoc si (mm)

(MPa)
db

5.11.2.1.2. Cc h s iu chnh lm tng l d

Chiu di trin khai c bn, l db, phi nhn vi h s sau y hoc cc h s c coi l thch hp :

Ct thp nm ngang nh hoc gn nm ngang c t sao cho c trn 300 mm b tng ti

c bn di ct thp .....................................................................................................................1,4

Vi cc thanh c lp bo v db hoc nh hn, hoc vi khong cch tnh 2db hoc nh hn ........ 2,0

i vi b tng nh fct (MPa) c quy nh ...............................................

i vi b tng nh khng quy nh i vi fct ...........................................................................1,3

i vi b tng t trng ct thp khng quy nh fct .....................................................................1,2

0,58 fc
fct

1,0

C th dng ni suy tuyn tnh gia cc iu khon ca "t trng thp" v "t trng- ct - thp" khi thay
th tng phn ct.
i vi cc thanh c bc pxy vi lp ph nh hn 3db hoc vi khong cch tnh gia cc
thanh nh hn 6db .................................................................................................................................1,5

i vi cc thanh bc pxy khng c lp ph trn ......................................................................1,2

Tch s nhn c khi t hp h s i vi ct thp nh vi h s thch hp dng cho cc thanh bc

pxy khng cn ly ln hn 1,7.

Tiu chun thit k cu

222

5.11.2.1.3. H s iu chnh lm gim l d

Chiu di trin khai c bn, l db, c thay i theo cc h s nh quy nh trong iu 5.11.2.1.2, c
th c nhn vi cc h s sau y, trong :
Ct thp c pht trin v chiu di ang xem xt c t ngang cch nhau khng nh hn
150mm t tim ti tim vi lp bo v khng nh hn 75 mm o theo hng t thp ..........................0,8

Khng yu cu neo hoc khng cn tng cng ti chy hon ton ca ct thp, hoc ni ct
thp trong cc cu kin chu un vt yu cu ca tnh ton ............................................. (A s cn thit)
A s b tr)
Ct thp b bc bn trong cc thanh xon c c ng knh khng nh hn 6 mm v bc xon
khng nh hn 100 mm...................................................................................................................... 0,75

5.11.2.2. Thanh c g chu nn

5.11.2.2.1. Chiu di trin khai ct thp nn

Chiu di trin khai ct thp nn l d i vi cc thanh c g khng c nh hn tch s ca chiu di

trin khai c bn theo quy nh y vi cc h s iu chnh thch hp nh c quy nh trong iu
5.11.2.2.2 hoc 200 mm.
Chiu di trin khai c bn, l db, i vi cc thanh c g chu nn khng c nh hn:

l db =

0,24d b f y
f c

hoc

l db = 0,044 dbfy

(5.11.2.2.1-1)
(5.11.2.2.1-2)

trong :
fy

cng chy quy nh ca thanh ct thp (MPa)

fc
=
cng chu nn quy nh ca b tng tui 28 ngy, tr khi c quy nh v
tui khc (MPa)
db

ng knh thanh (mm)

5.11.2.2.2. Cc h s iu chnh

Chiu di trin khai c bn, l db, c th c nhn vi cc h s thch hp, khi :

Khng yu cu neo hoc pht trin cng chy y ca thanh ct thp, hoc nhng ni s

tng cng c b tr vt yu cu theo phn tch ........................................................... (A s cn thit)

A s b tr)

Ct thp b bao bn trong cc thanh xon c ng knh thanh khng nh hn 6 mm v bc xon

khng nh hn 100 mm.......................................................................................................................0,75

223

Tiu chun thit k cu

5.11.2.3. B thanh
Chiu di trin khai ca cc thanh n l bn trong mt b, chu ko hoc chu nn, phi m bo sao
cho cc thanh n l trong b 3 thanh tng c 20% v b 4 thanh tng c 33%.
Trong vic xc nh cc h s c quy nh trong cc iu 5.11.2.1.2 v 5.11.2.1.3, mt b thanh phi
c x l nh thanh n c ng knh c xc nh t tng din tch tng ng.

5.11.2.4. Mc tiu chun chu ko

5.11.2.4.1. Chiu di trin khai mc c bn

Chiu di trin khai, l dh, theo mm, i vi cc thanh c g chu ko, kt thc bng mc tiu chun,
c quy nh trong iu 5.10.2.1, khng nh hn :

Tch s ca chiu di trin khai c bn l hb theo nh quy nh trong Phng trnh 1 v h s iu

chnh thch hp hoc cc h s, nh c quy nh trong iu 5.11.2.4.2

8 ln ng knh thanh, hoc

150 mm

Chiu di trin khai c bn, l hb, i vi thanh lm mc c cng chy, fy, khng vt qu 400 MPa
phi ly bng :

hb

100d b
f

(5.11.2.4.1-1)

/
c

trong :
db

ng knh thanh (mm)

fc

cng chu nn ca b tng quy nh tui 28 ngy, tr khi c tui khc

c quy nh (MPa)

5.11.2.4.2. Cc h s iu chnh

Chiu di trin khai mc c bn, l hb, phi c nhn vi h s sau hoc cc h s thch hp khi:

Ct thp c cng chy vt qu 400 MPa

fy
420

Lp ph bn i vi thanh No.36 v nh hn, thng gc vi mt phng mc, khng nh hn 64

mm, v i vi mc 90o, lp ph trn on thanh ko di qu mc khng nh hn 50 mm 0,7

Cc mc s No36 v nh hn c bc trong cc ging thng ng hoc nm ngang hoc ging loi

ct ai c t dc theo chiu di trin khai ton b, l dh, vi qung cch khng vt qu 3db 0,8

Khng yu cu neo hoc pht trin cng chy y hoc khi ct thp c b tr qu yu cu
phn tch (A s cn thit)
A s b tr)

S dng b tng nh .......................................................................................................................1,3

Dng ct thp c bc pxy .......................................................................................................1,2

224

Tiu chun thit k cu

5.11.2.4.3. Yu cu ging i vi thanh c mc

i vi cc thanh c trin khai bng mt mc tiu chun ti cc u khng lin tc ca cc cu kin

vi c hai lp ph bn cnh v trn nh hoc y nh hn 64 mm, thanh c mc phi c bao trong
cc thanh ging hoc ct ai t dc theo chiu di trin khai y, l dh, cch nhau khng qu 3db
nh ch ra trong Hnh 1, khng dng h s theo quy nh iu 5.11.2.4.2 i vi ct thp hng
ngang.
nh hn

i hi c ging
hoc ai
nh hn

Mt ct A - A

Hnh 5.11.2.4.3-1- Cc yu cu v ging i vi thanh c mc

5.11.2.5. Tm li si thp hn
5.11.2.5.1. Li si thp c g
Khi dng ct thp khng phi vi mc ch chng ct th chiu di trin khai l hd (mm) ca li
si hn c g tnh t im mt ct gii hn cho n u ca si thp khng c nh hn 1 trong 2
gi tr di y:
Tch s ca chiu di khai trin c bn v h s iu chnh hoc cc h s theo quy nh ca
iu 5.11.2.6, hoc

200mm tr mi ni chng theo quy nh ca iu 5.11.2.6.

Phi ly chiu di khai trin ca ct thp chng ct theo quy nh ca iu 5.11.2.6.

Chiu di trin khai c bn ca tm li si thp hn c g, c khng t hn mt si thp ngang trong

chiu di trin khai t nht l 50mm tnh t im mt ct nguy him, phi khng c vt qu :
lhd = 0,36db

f y 140
f c

(5.11.2.5.1-1)

hoc

l hd = 2,4

A w fy
s w f c

trong :
Aw

din tch ca mt si thp ring l c ni hoc c trin khai (mm2)

sw

khong cch cc si thp c ni hoc c trin khai (mm)

(5.11.2.5.1-2)

225

Tiu chun thit k cu

Chiu di trin khai c bn ca tm li si thp hn c g khng c cc si thp ngang trong chiu

di trin khai, phi xc nh nh i vi si thp c g, ph hp vi iu 5.11.2.1.1
5.11.2.5.2. Tm li si thp trn

Cng chy ca tm li si thp trn hn phi c xem xt tng bng cch ngm 2 si thp ngang
vi mt si thp ngang gn hn khng nh hn 50 mm tnh t im mt ct nguy him, tuy nhin chiu
di trin khai, l d, c o t im mt ct nguy him ti si thp ngang ngoi cng phi ly theo :
ld = 3,24

A w fy
s w f c

(5.11.2.5.2-1)

Phi thay i chiu di khai trin i vi cc ct thp vt qu yu cu theo phn tch quy nh
trong iu 5.11.2.1.2 v vi h s dng cho b tng t trng thp quy nh theo iu 5.11.2.1.2
khi thch hp. Tuy nhin khng c ly l d nh hn 150 mm tr cc mi ni chng quy nh theo
iu 5.11.6.2

5.11.2.6. Ct thp chng ct

5.11.2.6.1. Tng qut
Ct thp ai trong ng b tng phi tho mn cc quy nh ca iu 12.10.4.2.7 v khng cn theo
cc quy nh y.

Ct thp chng ct phi c t tht st vi b mt cu kin theo cc yu cu v ph v gn vi s cho

php ca cc ct thp khc.
Gia cc u neo, mi ch un cong trong on lin ca ct ai n ch U hoc ct ai nhiu nhnh U
phi bao mt thanh dc.
5.11.2.6.2 . Neo ct thp c g

Cc u ca chn n, U n gin, hoc cc ct ai nhiu nhnh U c neo nh sau :

i vi thanh s No16 v si MD200, v nh hn, v i vi cc thanh No19, No22 v No25 c fy

bng 275 MPa hoc nh hn :neo bng mt mc tiu chun quanh ct thp dc, v

i vi cc ct ai No19, No22 v No25 c fy ln hn 275 MPa : neo bng mt mc ai tiu chun

quanh mt thanh dc, cng vi mt chiu di ngm gia im gia chiu cao ca cu kin v u mc
pha ngoi khng nh hn.

le =

0,17d b f y
f c

(5.11.2.6.2-1)

5.11.2.6.3. Neo ct thp tm li si thp

Mi chn ca tm li si thp trn to thnh cc ct ai U gin n phi c neo theo cch:

Hai si thp dc t cch nhau 50 mm dc theo cu kin ti nh ct ai U, hoc

Tiu chun thit k cu

226

Mt si thp dc c t tnh t mt chu nn khng ln hn d/4 v si thp th hai t gn vi

mt chu nn hn v t cch si thp th nht khng nh hn 50 mm. Si thp th hai c th t trn
chn ct ai xa im un, hoc trn im un vi ng knh un v pha trong khng nh hn 8db.

Trn mi u ca ct ai chn gin n ca tm li si thp c g hoc trn hn phi b tr hai si

thp dc t cch nhau t nht l 50 mm v si pha trong khng nh hn d/4 hoc 50 mm t na
chiu cao cu kin. Si thp dc pha ngoi ti mt chu ko khng c xa hn ct thp ch chu un
st nht ti mt chu ko.
5.11.2.6.4. Cc ct ai kn
i vi cc cp ct ai : hay cc ai ging c b tr to thnh hnh kn phi c cu to neo
chc chn v c ni li vi chiu di on chng khng nh hn 1,7 l d , trong l d l chiu
di khai trin i vi cc thanh chu ko.

Vi cc cu kin c chiu cao khng nh hn 450 mm, cc mi ni ct ai kn chu lc ko do cc ti

trng tnh ton Abfy sinh ra khng vt qu 40.000 N cho mt chn c th coi nh l nu cc chn
ct ai ko di y trn chiu cao hu hiu ca cu kin.
5.11.3. Trin khai neo c kh

Bt k thit b c kh no c th pht huy c cng ca ct thp m khng gy h hi cho b tng

u c th dng nh l mt neo. S lm vic ca cc neo c kh phi c hiu chnh bng cc th
nghim trong phng th nghim.
S pht trin ng sut ca ct thp c th l s kt hp ca neo c kh v chiu di ngm ph thm ca
ct thp gia im ng sut thanh ln nht v neo c kh.
Phi th hin y cc chi tit ca cc neo c kh trong ti liu hp ng khi dng loi neo ny.
5.11.4. Trin khai tao cp d ng lc

5.11.4.1. Tng qut

Khi xc nh cng ca cc cu kin b tng d ng lc vng u ca chng, phi xt ti s
tch lu dn ca lc cp trong truyn lc v chiu di pht trin. C th gi nh lc ko trc thay
i tuyn tnh t 0,0 ti im kt dnh bt u cho ti khi t tr s cc i sau mt khong chiu
di truyn lc. Gia chiu di truyn v chiu di pht trin c th gi nh lc ca tao thp tng
theo ng pa-ra-bn v t ti sc khng ko ca tao thp ai chiu di pht trin.
p dng iu ny, chiu di truyn c th ly bng 60 ln ng knh tao thp v chiu di pht
trin phi ly theo ch dn iu 5.11.4.2.
Phi xt n tc dng ca s mt dnh bm theo ch dn iu 5.11.4.3.

5.11.4.2. Tao thp c dnh bm

Tiu chun thit k cu

227

B cp cng trc phi c dnh bm phn ngoi mt ct nguy him ang xt vi chiu di pht
trin, tnh bng mm, theo cng thc:
ld (0,15 fps - 0,097 fpe)db

(5.11.4.2-1)

Tiu chun thit k cu

228

trong :
db

ng knh danh nh ca tao thp tnh bng mm

fps

ng sut bnh qun trong thp d ng lc vo lc t c sc khng

danh nh cn thit ca cu kin (MPa)

fpe

ng sut hu hiu trong thp gy d ng lc sau mt mt (MPa)

5.11.4.3. Cc tao thp mt dnh bm tng phn

Chiu di trin khai chu ko l d i vi cng chy quy nh phi ly ph hp vi iu 5.11.2.
Khi c mt on hoc nhiu on ca tao thp d ng lc khng c dnh bm v khi c lc ko
trong vng ko b nn trc, chiu di pht trin c ch dn iu 5.11.4.2 phi c tng gp
i.
S tao thp b mt dnh bm tng phn khng c vt qu 25% tng s tao thp.
S tao thp mt dnh bm trong bt k hng ngang no u khng c vt qu 40% s tao thp
trong hng .
Chiu di mt dnh bm ca bt k tao thp no u phi m bo sc khng c pht trin y
mi mt ct ang c nghin cu v tt c cc trng thi gii hn u c tho mn.
Cc tao mt dnh bm phi c phn b i xng theo ng tim ca cu kin. Chiu di mt
dnh bm ca cc i tao t i xng vi tim cu kin phi bng nhau. Cc tao pha ngoi ca
mi hng ngang phi c dnh bm hon ton.
5.11.5. Mi ni thanh ct thp

5.11.5.1. Chi tit ha

Cc v tr, hnh loi v kch thc cho php ca cc mi ni, bao gm c vic t so le i vi cc thanh
ct thp phi c th hin trong cc ti liu hp ng.

5.11.5.2. Yu cu tng qut

5.11.5.2.1. Mi ni chng

Chiu di chng ca cc mi ni chng cc thanh ring l phi theo cc quy nh trong cc iu

5.11.5.3.1 v 5.11.5.5.1.
Mi ni chng t trong cc b theo quy nh ca iu 5.11.2.3. Cc mi ni ca tng thanh ring l
trong b khng c chng ln nhau. Cc b nguyn khng c ni theo kiu ni chng.
Khng c dng cc mi ni chng i vi cc thanh chu ko ng knh ln hn No36.
Cc thanh c ni bng cc mi ni chng khng tip xc trong cc cu kin chu un khng c t
cch nhau theo chiu ngang xa hn 1/5 chiu di mi ni chng yu cu hoc 150mm.

229

Tiu chun thit k cu

5.11.5.2.2. Lin kt c kh

Sc khng ca mt lin kt c kh y phi khng c nh hn 125% cng chy quy nh ca

thanh chu ko hoc chu nn, tu yu cu. Tng trt ca thanh nm trong ng bc mi ni ca u
ni sau khi cht ti ko ti 207 MPa v gim ti ti 20 MPa khng c vt qu cc chuyn v sau y
c o gia cc im nh c trng ca ng bc mi ni:

Vi kch thc thanh ti No. 43 ............................................................................................ 0,25mm

Vi cc thanh No .57 ............................................................................................................ 0,75mm

5.11.5.2.3. Mi ni hn

Vic hn cc mi ni hn phi theo ng bn hin hnh ca "Quy chun hn kt cu - Thp lm ct

thp " ca AWS. (D1.4).
Cc thanh phi c ni bng cc mi ni i u hn thu. Sc khng ca mi ni phi c quy nh
l khng nh hn 125% cng chy quy nh ca thanh chu ko.
Khng c dng mi ni hn cc mt cu.
5.11.5.3. Mi ni ct thp chu ko
5.11.5.3.1. Mi ni chng chu ko

Chiu di chng i vi cc mi ni chng chu ko phi khng nh hn 300 mm hoc theo cc mi

ni loi A, B hoc C sau y :
Mi ni loi A ............................................................................................................................... 1,0 l d
Mi ni loi B .................................................................................................................................. 1,3 l d
Mi ni loi C .................................................................................................................................. 1,7 l d
Chiu di trin khai chu ko, l d, i vi cng chy quy nh phi ly ph hp vi iu 5.11.2.
Cp ca mi ni chng yu cu i vi cc thanh c g v cc si c g chu ko c quy nh
trong Bng 1.

Bng 5.11.5.3.1-1 - Cp mi ni chng chu ko

T s ca

% ca As c ni vi chiu di chng yu cu

(A s b tr)
(A s yu cu)

50

75

100

< 2

5.11.5.3.2. Lin kt c kh hoc mi ni hn chu ko

Tiu chun thit k cu

230

Cc lin kt c kh hoc cc mi ni hn chu ko, c s dng khi din tch ct thp b tr nh hn

yu cu 2 ln, phi p ng cc yu cu ca cc lin kt c kh y hoc ca cc mi ni hn
y .
Cc lin kt c kh hoc cc mi ni hn c dng khi din tch ct thp b tr t nht bng 2 ln din tch
theo phn tch v khi cc mi ni c t so le t nht l 600 mm, c th c thit k tng khng nh
hn 2 ln ng lc ko trong thanh ti mt ct hoc mt na cng chy quy nh ca ct thp.

5.11.5.4. Mi ni trong cu kin ging chu ko

Cc mi ni thanh ct thp trong cc cu kin ging chu ko phi c thc hin vi cc mi ni c
hn y hoc cc lin kt c kh y . Cc mi ni trong cc thanh k bn phi t so le khng
nh hn 750 mm.

5.11.5.5. Mi ni thanh chu nn

5.11.5.5.1 Mi ni chng chu nn

Chiu di ni chng l c, i vi cc mi ni chng phi khng nh hn hoc 300 mm hoc nh sau:

Nu fy 400 MPa th l c = 0,073m fy db .......................................................................(5.11.5.5.1-1)

Nu fy > 400 MPa th l c = m(0,13fy - 24,0) db ............................................................(5.11.5.5.1-2)

trong :

Khi cng b tng quy nh, fc , nh hn 21 MPa ......................................................... m = 1,33

Khi cc ging dc theo mi ni c din tch hu hiu khng nh hn .................................... 0,15%

Tch s ca chiu dy b phn chu nn vi khong cch ging ........................................ m = 0,83

Khi c ai xon c ............................................................................................................... m = 0,75

Trong tt c cc trng hp khc .......................................................................................... m = 1,0

trong :
fy

cng chy quy nh ca cc thanh ct thp (MPa)

db

ng knh thanh (mm)

Khi cc thanh c kch thc khc nhau c ni chng vi nhau chu nn, chiu di mi ni phi khng
c nh hn hoc chiu di trin khai ca thanh ln hn, hoc chiu di mi ni ca thanh nh hn.
Cc thanh No. 43 v No. 57 c th c ni chng vi No36 v cc thanh nh hn.
5.11.5.5.2. Lin kt c kh hoc mi ni hn chu nn

Cc lin kt c kh hoc cc mi ni hn chu nn c dng phi tho mn cc yu cu i vi cc

lin kt c kh y hoc cc mi ni c hn y theo quy nh trong cc iu 5.11.5.2.2 v
iu 5.11.5.2.3 tng ng.
5.11.5.5.3. Mi ni p mt u thanh

Tiu chun thit k cu

231

Trong cc thanh ch yu cu chu nn, lc nn c th c truyn bi p mt trn cc u ct vung

c gi tip xc ng tm bng mt thit b thch hp. Cc mi ni p mt u thanh ch c dng
trong cc cu kin c tng cng bi cc thanh ging kn, ct ai kn hoc xon c.
Cc mi ni p mt u thanh phi t so le hoc ti v tr cc mi ni phi b tr cc thanh lin tc.
Cc thanh lin tc trong mi mt ca cu kin phi c cng chu ko tnh ton khng nh hn 0,25
fy ln din tch ct thp trong mt ct .
5.11.6. Mi ni tm li si thp hn

5.11.6.1. Mi ni tm li si thp c g hn chu ko

Chiu di ni chng ca cc mi ni chng ca tm li si thp c g hn c cc si thp ngang nm
trong chiu di chng, c o gia cc u ca mi tm li, phi khng c nh hn hoc 1,3 l hd
hoc 200 mm. on chng c o gia cc si thp ngang ngoi cng ca mi tm li khng c
nh hn 50 mm.
Cc mi ni chng ca cc tm li si thp c g hn khi khng c cc si thp ngang trong chiu
di mi ni chng phi c xc nh nh l i vi si thp c g ph hp vi cc quy nh ca
iu 5.11.5.3.1.

5.11.6.2. Mi ni tm li si thp trn hn chu ko

Khi din tch ct thp c b tr l nh hn hai ln din tch yu cu ti v tr mi ni, chiu di ni
chng c o gia cc si thp ngang ngoi cng ca mi tm li phi khng c nh hn :

Tng ca mt khong cch ca cc si thp ngang cng 50 mm, hoc

1,5 l d, hoc

150 mm

trong :

ld

chiu di trin khai c quy nh trong iu 5.11.2 (mm)

Khi din tch ct thp b tr t nht bng hai ln din tch ct thp yu cu ti v tr ni, chiu di chng
ln nhau c o gia cc si thp ngang ngoi cng ca mi tm li phi khng nh hn hoc 1,5 l d
hoc 50 mm.
5.12. bn
5.12.1. Tng qut

Phi thit k bo v ct thp v thp d ng lc ca kt cu b tng chng li s n mn trong sut

cuc i kt cu.
Cc yu cu c bit c th l cn thit to bn phi c ch r trong cc ti liu hp ng. Cc
phn ca kt cu nu c cc yu cu sau phi c ch r :

Tiu chun thit k cu

B tng cun kh

Ct thp bc pxy hoc c m

Dng ph gia c bit trong b tng.

D kin b tng b l trong nc mui hoc t hoc nc sun-ft.

Qu trnh bo dng c bit.

232

Cc bin php bo v dng cho bn phi tho mn cc yu cu theo quy nh trong iu 2.5.2.1.
5.12.2. Ct liu c phn ng kim silic

Cc ti liu hp ng phi cm s dng cc ct liu t cc ngun bit l c phn ng kim silic

thi qu.
Khi dng ct liu c phn ng gii hn, ti liu hp ng phi yu cu dng cc loi ximng kim
thp hoc trn xi-mng thng dng v vt liu puzlan, vi iu kin l phi chng minh c vic
dng chng sn xut ra b tng c bn tha mn vi ct liu kin ngh.
5.12.3. Lp b tng bo v

Lp b tng bo v i vi thp d ng lc v ct thp khng c bo v khng c nh hn quy

nh trong Bng 1 v c iu chnh theo t l nc-ximng, tr khi c cc quy nh khc y hoc
trong

iu 5.12.4.

Lp b tng bo v v sai s b tng phi ghi trong ti liu hp ng.

Lp b tng bo v i vi tao cp d ng lc ko trc, neo v cc lin kt c hc i vi cc thanh
ct thp hoc cc tao cp d ng lc ko sau phi ging nh l vi ct thp.

Lp b tng bo v i vi cc ng bc kim loi ca cc b tao cp ko sau khng c nh hn :

iu c quy nh i vi ct thp ch

1/2 ng knh ng bc, hoc

iu c quy nh trong Bng 1.

i vi cc mt cu b tng l trc vu lp xe v xch xe phi dng lp ph thm b p tn

tht d kin v chiu dy do s mi mn nh c quy nh trong iu 2.5.2.4.
Cc h s iu chnh i vi t l nc- ximng, W/C, phi ly nh sau :

Vi W/C 0,40 ........................................................................................................................... 0,8

Vi W/C 0,50 ............................................................................................................................1,2

Tiu chun thit k cu

233

Lp b tng bo v mng. nht i vi cc thanh chnh, bao gm c cc thanh c bo v bng bc

pxy, khng nh hn 25 mm.
Lp b tng bo v i vi cc ct ging, cc ct ai c th mng hn 12mm so vi tr s quy nh
trong Bng 1 i vi cc thanh ch, nhng khng c nh hn 25 mm.

234

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 5.12.3-1 - Lp b tng bo v i vi ct thp ch khng c bo v (mm)

Trng thi

Lp b tng
bo v (mm)

L trc tip trong nc mui

100

c p vo t

75

Vng b bin

75

B mt cu chu vu lp xe hoc xch mi mn

60

Mt ngoi khc cc iu trn

50

L bn trong, khc cc iu trn

Vi thanh ti No36

40

Thanh No43 v No57

50

y bn c ti ch

thanh ti No36

25

cc thanh No43 v No57

50

y vn khun panen c sn

20

Cc b tng ct thp c sn

Mi trng khng n mn

50

Mi trng n mn

75

Cc d ng lcc sn

50

Cc c ti ch

Mi trng khng n mn

Mi trng n mn

50

- Chung

75

- c bo v

75

50

Ging ng

c trong l khoan bng ng b tng trong

nc hoc va st

75

5.12.4. Lp bc bo v

Bo v chng Clorua n mn c th dng theo cch bc pxy hoc m thanh ct thp, ng bc ko sau
v phn kim kh ca neo, bc pxy cho tao cp d ng lc. Lp ph i vi thp c bc pxy c
th ly theo tr s Bng 5.12.3-1 i vi s l bn trong.
5.12.5. Bo v cc b tao cp d ng lc
ng bc cho cc b tao cp ko sau t bn trong, c thit k theo sc khng dnh bm, phi c

phun va sau khi to ng sut. Cc b tao cp khc phi c thng xuyn bo v chng n mn v
cc chi tit bo v phi c th hin trong ti liu hp ng.

235

Tiu chun thit k cu

5.13. Cc cu kin ring bit

5.13.1. Bn mt cu

Cc yu cu i vi bn mt cu, ph thm vi yu cu quy nh trong Phn 5, phi theo quy nh trong Phn 9.
5.13.2. Vch ngn, dm cao, dm hng ngn, dm cha v g dm khc

5.13.2.1. Tng qut

Cc vch ngn, dm hng ngn, dm cha, g dm khc v cc cu kin cao khc ch yu chu ct v
xon v chiu cao l tng i ln so vi nhp ca chng phi thit k theo quy nh y.
Cc dm cao phi c phn tch v thit k theo m hnh chng-v-ging c quy nh trong iu
5.6.3. hoc l thuyt c tha nhn khc.

5.13.2.2. Vch ngn

Tr khi c quy nh khc, cc vch ngn phi c b tr ti cc m cu, tr v cc mi ni cht
chu cc lc bn v truyn cc ti trng ti cc im gi .
Cc vch ngn gia c th c dng gia cc dm trong h ng cong hoc ni cn thit ta
sc khng xon v mt cu ti cc im khng lin tc hoc ti cc im giao to gc trong dm.
i vi cc dm hp cong, c bn knh pha trong nh hn 240 000 mm v i vi cc dm hp m
rng phi dng cc vch ngn trung gian.
Cc vch ngn c th c b qua, khi cc th nghim hoc phn tch v mt kt cu chng t chng l
khng cn thit.
Cc vch ngn phi c thit k bng phng php dng m hnh chng-v-ging ni thch hp.
Trong cc cu c cc vch ngn c ko sau. phi ging chc chn cc b thp ca vch ngn vo
trong cc vch ngn bng ct thp thng c dnh bm chng li cc lc gy ra bi b thp ti
cc gc ca phn l trng trong cc vch ngn

5.13.2.3. Cc yu cu chi tit i vi dm cao

Sc khng ko tnh ton, NR tnh theo N, ca mt cp thanh ct thp ngang phi tho mn :
NR = fy As 0,83 bV s
trong :
bv

fy

cng chy ca ct thp (MPa)

As

din tch ct thp trong khong cch s (mm2)

h s sc khng c quy nh trong iu 5.5.4.2.

khong cch ct thp (mm)

b rng sn (mm)

Khong cch ct thp ngang, s, phi khng vt qu hoc d/4 hoc 300 mm.

(5.13.2.3-1)

236

Tiu chun thit k cu

Cc thanh ct thp dc c dnh bm s c b tr qu v mi pha ca cu kin thng ng theo tng

cp. Cng khng ko ca cp ct thp dnh bm khng c nh hn tr s tnh theo Phng trnh
1. Khong cch thng ng gia mi cp ct thp, s, phi khng vt qu hoc d/3 hoc 300 mm. i
vi cc b phn m b rng nh hn 250 mm, mt thanh ct thp n l m bo sc khng ko yu
cu c th c t thay th cho mt ct cc thanh ct tho dc.

5.13.2.4. Dm hng ngn v dm cha

5.13.2.4.1 Tng qut

Nh ch ra trong Hnh 1 di y, cc b phn c coi nh l dm hng ngn hoc dm cha khi av

nh hn d. Nu av ln hn d, b phn phi c thit k nh mt dm hng.

gi cu
As Ct thp
ch
*

thanh neo

Ah ging
hoc ai kn
thanh lm khung neo
cc ging hoc ai
*

hn vo ct thp ch

Hnh 5.13.2.4.1-1 - K hiu

Mt ct ti mt gi c thit k chu ng thi lc ct tnh ton Vu, m men tnh ton

(Vuav + Nuc (h-d)), v mt lc ko nm ngang tnh ton xy ra ng thi Nuc . Tr khi thc hin cc bin
php c bit ngn nga lc ko Nuc khng pht trin, Nuc phi ly khng nh hn 0,2Vu. Nuc phi
c nhn nhn nh l mt hot ti, ngay c khi n do t bin, co ngt v thay i nhit gy ra.
T s thp As/bd ti mt gi khng c nh hn 0,04 fc / fy vi d c o t mt gi.
Din tch tng cng Ah ca cc ct ai kn hoc cc ging phi khng nh hn 50% din tch As ca ct
thp ging chu ko ch. Cc ai hoc ging phi phn b u trong on 2/3 chiu cao hu hiu k vi
ct thp ch.
Ti mt trc ca dm hng ngn hoc dm cha, ct thp ch chu ko phi c neo pht trin ti
cng chy c quy nh, fy.
Din tch gi trn dm ngn hoc dm cha phi khng nh ra ngoi on thng ca cc thanh ko
ch hoc xa mt bn trong ca bt k thanh neo bn no.
Chiu cao mp ngoi ca din tch gi khng c nh hn na chiu cao ti mt gi.
5.13.2.4.2. La chn m hnh chng-v-ging

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Tiu chun thit k cu

Mt ct ti mt gi cc dm hng ngn v dm cha c th thit k ph hp vi hoc m hnh chngv-ging c quy nh trong iu 5.6.3, hoc cc quy nh ca iu 5.13.2.4.1, tr khi:

Thit k ct thp ct - ma st, Avf, chu lc ct tnh ton Vu, phi theo quy nh iu 5.8.4.

Vi b tng t trng thng thng, lc khng ct danh nh Vn, phi ly theo s nh hn ca :

Vn = 0,2 f 'c bw de v

(5.13.2.4.2-1)

Vn = 5,5 bw de

(5.13.2.4.2-2)

i vi tt c cc loi b tng "t trng thp" hoc "t trng-ct thp", sc khng ct danh nh, Vn
tnh theo N, phi ly theo s nh hn ca :

Vn = (0,2 - 0,07 av /d) fc bw de

(5.13.2.4.2-3)

Vn = (5,5 - 1,9 av /de) bw d

(5.13.2.4.2-4)

Ct thp As chu ng lc tnh ton phi c xc nh nh i vi cc b phn thng thng

chu un v ti trng hng trc.

Din tch ct thp ko ch ,As, khng c nh hn :

As 0,667 Avf + An , v

(5.13.2.4.2-5)

v din tch cc ct ai hoc ging kn t bn trong khong cch bng vi 2 de/3 t ct thp ch
khng c nh hn :
An 0,5 (As - An)

(5.13.2.4.2-6)

vi
An = Nuc / fy
trong :
bw

b rng sn (mm)

de

chiu cao trng tm thp (mm)

Avf

din tch thp chu ma st ct (mm2).

5.13.2.5. G dm khc
5.13.2.5.1. Tng qut

G dm khc nh c minh ho trong Hnh 1, phi chu cc ng lc:

Cc lc un, ct v nm ngang ti v tr ca ng nt 1.

Cc lc ko trong cu kin gi ti v tr ng nt 2

Lc ct xuyn ti cc im chu ti trng ti v tr ng nt 3 v

Lc p mt ti v tr ng nt 4.

(5.13.2.4.2-7)

238

Tiu chun thit k cu

Hnh 5.13.2.5.1-1- K hiu v cc v tr c kh nng b nt i vi g dm khc

G dm khc c th thit k theo m hnh chng v ging hoc theo hng dn ca cc iu

5.13.2.5.2 ti 5.13.2.5.5
5.13.2.5.2. Thit k chu lc ct

Vic thit k cc g dm khc chu ct phi theo ng cc yu cu i vi ma st ct nh c quy

nh trong iu 5.8.4.
Chiu rng ca mt b tng c gi nh tham gia vo lc khng ct phi khng vt qu S, hoc
(W + 4av), hoc 2c, nh c minh ho trong Hnh 1.

Hnh 5.13.2.5.2-1 - Thit k g dm khc chu ct

5.13.2.5.3. Thit k chu un v lc nm ngang

Tng din tch ct thp ch chu ko, As, phi tho mn cc yu cu ca iu 5.13.2.4.2.
Ct thp ch chu ko phi t theo cc khong cch u trong phm vi (W + 5af), hoc 2c, nh c
minh ho trong Hnh 1, tr khi l cc b rng ca cc vng ny l khng chng ln nhau.

Hnh 5.13.2.5.3-1 Thit k g dm khc chu lc un v lc nm ngang

239

Tiu chun thit k cu

5.13.2.5.4. Thit k chng lc ct xuyn

Cc hnh lng tr ct, c gi nh nh l cc b mt ph hoi ct xuyn, nh minh ho trong Hnh 1,

phi khng chng ln nhau.
Lc khng ct xuyn danh nh, Vn, tnh bng N (N), phi c ly theo :

Ti cc tm m pha trong :

Vn = 0,328 fc (W + 2L+ 2de)de

(5.13.2.5.4-1)

Ti cc tm m pha ngoi :

Vn = 0,328

fc (W + L+ de)de

(5.13.2.5.4-2)

trong :

fc

cng quy nh ca b tng tui 28 ngy (MPa)

b rng tm gi hoc m gi nh c ch r trong Hnh 1 (mm)

chiu di m gi nh c ch r trong Hnh 1 (mm)

de

chiu su hu hiu t th chu nn ngoi cng ti trng tm lc ko (mm)

Hnh 5.13.2.5.4-1 - Thit k g dm khc chu lc ct xuyn

5.13.2.5.5. Thit k ct thp treo

Ct thp treo c quy nh y phi b tr thm vi ct thp chu ct nh hn yu cu trn mt trong

2 mt ca phn lc dm ang c .
Vic b tr ct thp treo, Ahr, cc dm g khc gin n phi theo nh c ch ra trong Hnh 1.
Trong Hnh 1 dng k hiu sc khng ct danh nh, Vn theo N, i vi cc dm g khc gin n phi
ly nh sau :

i vi trng thi gii hn s dng:

240

Tiu chun thit k cu

Vn =

A hr (0,5fy )
s

(w + 3a v )

(5.13.2.5.5-1)

i vi trng thi gii hn cng :

Vn =

A hr f y
s

.S

(5.13.2.5.5-2)

trong :
Ahr

din tch mt chn ca ct thp treo nh c minh ho trong Hnh 1 (mm2)

khong cch t gi (mm)

khong cch cc ct treo (mm)

fy

cng chy ca ct thp (MPa)

av

khong cch t mt tng ti ti trng nh c minh ho trong Hnh 1 (mm)

Hnh 5.13.2.5.5-1 - Ct thp treo dm g khc n gin

S dng k hiu trong Hnh 2, sc khng ct danh nh ca cc g dm khc T ngc phi l s nh

hn ca s c quy nh theo Phng trnh 2 v Phng trnh 3.
Vn = (0,165 f c b f d f ) +

A hr f y
s

(W + 2d f )

(5.13.2.5.5-3)

trong :
df

khong cch t nh g khc ti ct thp chu nn nh c minh ho trong Hnh 2 (mm)

Khong cch ti mp gia tm m gi pha ngoi vi u dm T ngc khng c nh hn df.

Hnh 5.13.2.5.5-2 - Ct thp treo dm T ngc

Cc dm T ngc phi tho mn cc quy nh v m men xon nh c Quy nh trong cc

iu 5.8.3.6 v 5.8.2.1.

Tiu chun thit k cu

241

5.13.2.5.6. Thit k gi

Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 5.7.5 thit k cc gi dm khc.

5.13.3. mng

5.13.3.1.Tng qut
Phi p dng quy nh ny thit k cc mng ring bit, cc mng t hp v cc m mng.
Vi cc mng t nghing hoc c bc, gc nghing hoc chiu cao v v tr ca cc bc phi sao
cho tho mn cc yu cu thit k ti mi mt ct.
Cc ct hoc cc tr bng b tng c hnh dng trn hoc a gic u c th c x l theo cc c
kin vung c cng din tch vi cc mt ct nguy him v m-men, lc ct v trin khai ct thp trong
cc mng.

5.13.3.2. Ti trng v phn lc

Sc khng ca vt liu cc dng cho mng phi c ly theo quy nh trong Phn 10 "Nn mng".
Khi mt mng ring bit mt ct n, tr hoc tng, mng phi c gi nh lm vic nh
mt dm hng. Khi mng nhiu hn mt ct, tr hoc tng, mng phi thit k theo cc iu
kin thc t v tnh lin tc v s km hm.
Tr khi c quy nh v s dng thit b c bit nhm m bo cho vic ng cc c chnh xc, khi
thit k mng phi gi nh l cc cc ng ring l c th lch ra khi v tr thit k trong mng
150 mm hoc 1/4 ng knh cc, v tim ca nhm cc c th lch khi v tr thit k l 75 mm. Vi
cc gi , cc ti liu hp ng c th yu cu sai s v tr cc l 50 mm, trong trng hp ny v mt
thit k tr s nn c xt ti.

5.13.3.3. H s sc khng
xc nh kch thc mng v s lng cc, cc h s sc khng, , i vi p lc ca t v
i vi sc khng ca cc l hm s ca t phi ly theo quy nh Phn 10.

5.13.3.4. M men trong mng

Mt ct chu un nguy him phi ly ti mt ct, tr hoc tng. Trong trng hp cc ct khng phi
l hnh ch nht, mt ct nguy him phi ly ti cnh hnh ch nht ng tm c din tch tng ng.
Vi cc mng nm di cc tng n, mt ct nguy him phi ly gia on t im gia tng ti
mp tng. Vi cc mng nm di cc ct kim loi, mt ct nguy him phi ly im gia
on t mt ct ti mp ca kim loi.

5.13.3.5. Phn b ct thp chu mmen

Trong cc mng vung mt chiu hoc hai chiu, ct thp phi c phn b ng u qua ton b
mng.

242

Tiu chun thit k cu

Cc hng dn sau y p dng cho vic phn b ct thp trong cc mng ch nht 2 chiu.

Trong phng ca cnh di, ct thp phi phn b ng u qua ton b chiu rng mng

Trong phng ca cnh ngn, mt phn trong ton b ct thp cho bi Phng trnh 1, phi phn
b ng u trn mt di chiu rng bng vi chiu di ca cnh ngn v c tm nm trn ng tim
ca ct hoc tr. Phn cn li ca ct thp cn thit trong phng ngn phi phn b ng u pha
ngoi b rng di gia mng. Din tch ct thp bn trong chiu rng di phi tho mn Phng
trnh 1.

+ 1

As-BW = As-SD

(5.13.3.5-1)

trong :

=
As-BW =
As-SD =

t s ca cnh di so vi cnh ngn ca mng

din tch ct thp trong chiu rng di (mm2).
tng din tch ct thp trong phng ngn (mm2)

5.13.3.6. Lc ct trong bn v mng

5.13.3.6.1. Cc mt ct nguy him v lc ct
Khi xc nh sc khng ct ca cc bn v cc mng st cc ti trng tp trung hoc cc phn
lc, phi ly iu kin nguy him nht trong s nhng iu kin nu i y lm iu kin
khng ch:

Kt cu tc ng mt chiu: C mt ct nguy him tri di trong mt phng i qua ton b b

rng v t v tr c khong cch c ly bng:
+ "d" tnh t mt ti trng tp trung hay phn din tch phn lc, hoc tnh t ch c s thay i
t ngt no v chiu dy bn ti trng gy ra nn pha trn ca mt ct.
+ mt ti trng tp trung hay phn din tch phn lc ti ti trng gy ra ko pha trn ca
mt ct. Trong d ly bng chiu dy ton phn ca bn hay mng.

Kt cu tc ng hai chiu: C mt ct nguy him thng gc vi mt phng bn v t v tr

sao cho chu vi ca n, bo, l nh nht. nhng khng gn hn 0,5d so vi chu vi ca ti trng tp
trung hay din tch phn lc.

Khi b dy bn thay i, cc mt ct nguy him t khong cch khng gn hn 0,5 d tnh t

ni c s thay i no v chiu dy bn v v tr sao cho chu vi bo l nh nht.
Nu c mt phn ca cc nm trong mt ct nguy him th phi xt ti trng cc l phn b u
trn ton chiu rng hay ng knh ca cc, ng thi phi a phn ti trng nm ngoi mt ct
nguy him vo trong tnh ton lc ct i vi mt ct nguy him .
5.13.3.6.2. Tc ng mt hng

Tiu chun thit k cu

243

Sc khng ct ca mng hoc bn chu tc ng mt hng phi tho mn cc yu cu quy nh

trong iu 5.8.3, khng k i vi cc cng di nn p 600 mm hoc ln hn phi dng quy nh
ca iu 5.14.5.3.

244

Tiu chun thit k cu

5.13.3.6.3. Tc ng hai hng

Sc khng ct danh nh, Vn, tnh bng N, i vi cc mt ct khng c ct thp ngang chu tc ng
hai hng ca b tng phi ly nh sau :

0,33
f c b o d 0,33 fc bodv
Vn = 0,17 +
b
c

trong :

(5.13.3.6.3-1)

c
=
t s cnh di trn cnh ngn ca hnh ch nht m qua ti trng tp trung hoc phn
lc c truyn ti.
bo

chu vi ca mt ct nguy him (mm)

dv

chiu cao chu ct hu hiu (mm)

Khi Vu > Vn ct thp chu ct phi c thm vo ph hp vi iu 5.8.3.3, vi gc = 45o.

i vi cc mt ct c ct thp ngang chu tc ng hai hng, sc khng ct danh nh, tnh bng N,
phi ly theo :
Vn = Vc + Vs 0,504

fc bo dv

(5.13.3.6.3-2)

trong :
Vc = 0,166 fc bodv , v

(5.13.3.6.3-3)

Vs =

A v fy d v
s

(5.13.3.6.3-4)

5.13.3.7. Trin khai ct thp

Phi p dng quy nh ca iu 5.11 i vi vic khai trin ct thp trong cc bn v cc mng. Cc
mt ct nguy him i vi vic khai trin ct thp phi c gi nh ti cng cc v tr nh quy nh
trong iu 5.13.3.4 v ti tt c cc mt phng thng ng khc, ti xy ra s thay i v mt ct
hoc ct thp.

5.13.3.8. Truyn lc ti chn ct

Tt c cc lc v m men tc dng y ct hoc tr phi c truyn ti mt trn ca mng bng
cch gi ln b tng v truyn qua ct thp. p mt ln b tng ti b mt tip xc gia cu kin v
cu kin b khng c vt qu cng ta ca b tng i vi mi b mt quy nh trong
iu 5.7.5.
Cc lc bn phi c truyn t tr ti mng theo cc quy nh truyn lc ct trong iu 5.8.4.
Ct thp phi c b tr qua mt tip xc gia cu kin v cu kin b , hoc bng cch ko di
ct thp dc ch ca ct hoc tng vo trong mng, hoc dng cc cht hoc cc bu lng neo.
Khi t ct thp ngang qua mt tip xc phi tho mn cc iu sau :

Tiu chun thit k cu

245

Ton b cc tc ng lc vt qua cng ta ca b tng trong cu kin hoc b phi

c truyn bi ct thp;

Nu cc t hp ti trng dn ti lc nh, ton b lc ko phi do ct thp chu, v

Din tch ct thp khng c nh hn 0,5% tng din tch ca cu kin b , v s lng cc

thanh khng c nh hn 4.
ng knh ca cc cht, nu s dng, khng c vt qu ng knh ct thp dc l 3,8 mm.
Ti cc mng, ch khi nn, ct thp dc ch ca ct s No.43 v No5 7 c th c ni chng vi cc
cht mng to ra din tch yu cu. Cc cht khng c ln hn s No.36 v phi ko di vo
trong ct mt on khng nh hn chiu di khai trin ca cc thanh No.43 v No.57 hoc chiu di
ni ca cc cht, v i vo trong mng mt on khng nh hn chiu di khai trin ca cc cht.
5.13.4. Cc b tng

5.13.4.1. Tng qut

Ton b cc ti trng do mng phi chu v trng lng bn thn ca mng phi gi nh truyn
cho cc cc chu. Cc cc c h bng phng php ng phi c thit k chu c cc lc
ng v vn chuyn. Cc c sn cn c thit k vi trng lng bn thn khng nh hn 1,5 ln
trng lng bn thn cc khi vn chuyn v lp dng.
Bt k on cc no khi ta ngang chng li s on khng th xy ra ti mi lc, phi c thit
k nh l ct.
Cc im hoc cc vng ngm chng li cc ti trng ngang v m-men phi c xc nh theo s
phn tch cc tnh cht ca t nh c quy nh trong iu 10.7.4.2.
Cc cc b tng phi c chn su vo trong mng hoc cc m cc nh c quy nh trong iu
10.7.1.5. Ct thp neo phi l ct thp cc ko di hoc dng cht thp. Cc lc nh hoc cc ng sut
do un gy ra phi do ct thp chu. T l ct thp neo khng c nh hn 0,005 v s thanh neo
khng c nh hn 4. Ct thp phi c ko di chu mt lc bng 1,25 fyAs.
Ngoi cc yu cu quy nh trong cc iu t 5.13.4.1 ti 5.13.4.5, cc cc s dng trong cc vng c
ng t cn phi tun th ng cc yu cu quy nh trong iu 5.13.4.6

5.13.4.2. Cc mi ni
Cc mi ni ca cc cc b tng phi trin khai sc khng dc trc, un, ct v xon ca cc. Cc chi
tit mi ni cc phi c th hin trong cc ti liu hp ng.

5.13.4.3. Cc b tng c sn
5.13.4.3.1. Kch thc cc

Tiu chun thit k cu

246

Cc cc b tng c sn c th c mt ct u n hoc thon. Cc cc dng thon khng c dng

lm gin gio, tr khi l on nm di t hoc bt k v tr no m cc cc lm vic nh l
cc ct.

Tiu chun thit k cu

247

Khi cc cc b tng khng tip xc vi nc cha mui, cc cc phi c din tch mt ct ngang o
pha trn on thon khng nh hn 90 000 mm2. Cc cc b tng s dng trong nc cha mui phi c
din tch mt ct ngang khng nh hn 142 000mm2. Cc gc ca mt ct hnh ch nht phi c
vt gc.
ng knh ca cc cc dng thon c o t im khng nh hn 200 mm ln pha trn 600 mm cho
tt c cc mt ct ngang, ng knh phi c xem nh kch thc nh nht qua tim mt ct ngang.
5.13.4.3.2. Ct thp

Ct thp dc phi c khng t hn 4 thanh t theo cc khong cch u n xung quanh chu vi cc. Din
tch ct thp khng c nh hn 1,5% din tch mt ct ngang ton b b tng o bn trn im thon.
Ton b chiu di ca ct thp dc phi c bc bng ct thp xon hoc ai tng ng. Ct thp
xon phi ly theo nh quy nh trong iu 5.13.4.4.3.

5.13.4.4. Cc b tng d ng lc c sn
5.13.4.4.1. Kch thc cc

Cc cc b tng d ng lc c sn c th l hnh bt gic, vung hoc trn v phi tun th theo cc

kch thc ti thiu nh quy nh trong iu 5.13.4.3.1.
Cc cc b tng d ng lc c th l c hoc rng. i vi cc cc rng, phi thc hin cc bin php
phng nga, nh l s thot hi, ngn nga cc b v do p lc nc bn trong trong khi ng, hoc
p lc hi ga do s phn hu vt liu lm cc hnh thnh l rng.
Chiu dy vch cc trn rng khng c nh hn 125 mm
5.13.4.4.2. Cht lng b tng

Cng chu nn ca cc khi ng khng c nh hn 35 MPa. B tng cun kh phi c dng

cc cc chu t v kh.
5.13.4.4.3. Ct thp

Tr khi Ch u t c quy nh khc, cc tao cp d ng lc nn c t v to ng sut sao cho ng

sut nn ng u trn mt ct ngang cc, v sau tn tht ng sut nn khng c nh hn 5 MPa.
Chiu di ton b ca cc tao cp d ng lc phi c bao bi ct thp xon nh sau :
Vi cc cc c ng knh khng ln hn 600 mm :

Si xon khng nh hn MW 25,

Ct xon ti cc u cc c bc xon 75mm cho xp x 16 vng,

on u cc 150mm c 5 vng thm vi bc ct xon 25mm, v

i vi cc on cn li ca cc, cc tao c bao bi ct thp xon c bc xon khng ln hn

150 mm.

Tiu chun thit k cu

248

Vi cc cc c ng knh ln hn 600 mm :

Si xon khng nh hn MW 26,

Ct thp xon ti u cc cc c bc xon 50 mm cho xp x 16 vng,

on u cc 150 mm c thm 4 vng thp xon vi bc 38 mm, v

i vi phn cc cn li, cc tao cp c bao bi ct thp xon c bc xon khng ln hn 100 mm.

5.13.4.5. Cc c ti ch
Cc cc c trong l khoan c th c s dng khi cc iu kin v t cho php.
Cc v thp dng cho cc cc c ti ch phi c dy v cng duy tr hnh dng cc v
chng t l khng c cc cong vnh nghim trng trong khi ng hoc sau khi v thp ca cc k bn
c ng xong v li ng, nu c, c ko ln. Cc ti liu hp ng phi quy nh l phng n
thit k v thp cn phi c s chp nhn ca k s trc khi bt k mt s ng no c thc hin.
5.13.4.5.1. Cc kch thc cc

Cc cc b tng c ti ch c th c mt ct u n hoc c th c dng thon trn mt on bt k

nu c trong cc v ng thp hoc c m rng chn nu c trong cc l hoc ging khoan.
Din tch chn cc nh nht phi l 64 500 mm2. Din tch mt ct ngang mi cc t nht phi l
32300 mm2. Vi cc on ko di pha trn chn cc, kch thc nh nht phi ly theo quy nh i
vi cc c sn trong iu 5.13.4.3.
5.13.4.5.2. Ct thp

Din tch ct thp dc khng c nh hn 0,8% ca Ag, vi ct thp xon khng nh hn MW 25, v
bc xon 150 mm. Ct thp phi c ko di thm 3000 mm xung pha di mt phng m ti
a cht cho lc khng bn y .
V ng thp c chiu dy ln hn 3 mm, c th c xem nh l mt phn ca ct thp. Trong cc mi
trng xm thc, khi xc nh sc khng, chiu dy ca v ng phi c gim t nht l 1,5 mm.

5.13.4.6. Cc yu cu v ng t
5.13.4.6.1. Vng 1

Vi vng 1 khng cn thit xem xt cc quy nh thit k ph thm.

5.13.4.6.2. Vng 2
5.13.4.6.2a. Tng qut

Cc cc dng trong cc kt cu ti vng 2 c th dng chu c hai loi ti trng dc trc v ti trng
ngang. Chiu su ti thiu v chn su v sc khng dc trc v ngang ca cc yu cu i vi cc
ti trng ng t phi c xc nh theo cc tiu chun thit k c thit lp theo cc kho st iu
tra a cht ring v a k thut ti v tr cng trnh.

Tiu chun thit k cu

249

Cc cc b tng phi c neo vo b cc hoc m cc bng cch chn su ct thp hoc bng cc neo
chu lc nh. Chiu di chn su phi khng c nh hn chiu di khai trin yu cu ca ct thp
quy nh trong iu 5.11.2.
Cc cc ng nhi b tng phi c neo vi cc cht thp theo quy nh trong iu 5.13.4.1 vi t l
thp nh nht l 0,01. Cc cht phi c chn su theo yu cu ca cc cc b tng. Cc cc g v
thp, bao gm cc cc ng khng oc nhi, phi b tr cc thit b neo tng cc lc chng nh. Lc
nh phi ly khng nh hn 10% ca sc khng nn dc trc tnh ton ca cc.
5.13.4.6.2b. Cc c ti ch

i vi cc cc c ti ch, ct thp dc phi c b tr u trn cc trong mt on di khng nh

hn hoc l mt phn ba chiu di cc hoc 2400 mm, vi t l thp ti thiu l 0,005 v bng t nht l
4 thanh. Ct thp xon hoc ai tng ng phi dng cc thanh khng nh hn No.10 v t cch
khong khng qu 225 mm, ngoi tr on chiu di khng nh hn 600 mm hoc 1,5 ln ng knh
cc pha di ct thp m ngoi cc cc khong cch khng c vt qu 75 mm.
5.13.4.6.2c. Cc c ct thp thng c sn (cc BTCT c sn)

Vi cc cc c ct thp thng c sn, ct thp dc khng c nh hn 1% din tch mt ct ngang,

c b tr bng t nht 4 thanh. Ct thp xon hoc cc ct ai tng ng khng c nh hn cc
thanh No10, c b tr theo cc khong cch khng vt qu 225 mm, tr khong cch 75 mm c
dng trong vng chiu di tng cng, khng nh hn 600 mm hoc 1,5 ln ng knh cc cc bn
di ct thp m cc.
5.13.4.6.2d. Cc d ng lc c sn

i vi cc cc d ng lc c sn, cc ct ai phi tun th theo cc yu cu ca cc cc c sn, nh

c quy nh trong iu 5.13.4.6.2c.
5.13.4.6.3. Vng 3
5.13.4.6.3a. Tng qut

Ngoi vic thm cc yu cu nh quy nh i vi vng 2, cc cc trong vng 3 phi tun th theo quy
nh y.
5.13.4.6.3b. Chiu di b tng cng

u trn ca mi cc phi b tr ct thp v c b tng cng nh l vng c kh nng hnh thnh

khp do, tr khi ti c th c m bo l khng c kh nng xy ra bt k vng bn ng k
no cu cc. Vng c th c khp do phi ko di t mt di ca m cc n mt chiu di khng
nh hn 2 ln cc ng knh cc hoc 600mm. Nu khi phn tch cu v h cc thy rng c th hnh
thnh khp do cao thp hn, chiu di tng cng vi ct thp ngang quy nh v bc ct thp
gn hn phi ko di ti , theo nh quy nh iu 5.13.4.6.2.

Tiu chun thit k cu

250

5.13.4.6.3c. T l th tch i vi vng tng cng

T l ct ai trong chiu di vng tng cng phi ly theo cc ct nh c quy nh trong

iu 5.10.11.4.1d.
5.13.4.6.3d. Cc c ti ch

i vi cc cc c ti ch, thp dc phi c b tr trn sut chiu di cc. Hai phn ba u trn ca
cc, t l thp dc khng c nh hn 0,75% v b tr khng t hn 4 thanh. Ct thp xon hoc cc
ai tng ng c ng knh khng nh hn thanh No.10 phi b tr theo bc khong cch 225 mm,
ngoi tr on u cc chiu di khng nh hn 1200 mm hoc hai ln ng knh cc bc khong
cch l 75 mm v t l theo th tch v cc chi tit ni phi ph hp vi iu 5.10.11.4.1d.
5.13.4.6.3e. Cc c sn

i vi cc cc c sn, cc ai xon phi c ng knh khng nh hn thanh s No.10 cc bc

khong cch 225 mm, tr on u 1200 mm, bc khong cch phi l 75 mm v t l theo th
tch v cc chi tit mi ni phi ph hp vi iu 5.10.11.4.1d.
5.14 . Quy nh i vi cc loi kt cu
5.14.1. Dm sn v Dm ch

5.14.1.1. Tng qut

Phi dng cc quy nh y thit k cc dm sn c ti ch v c sn v cc dm ch c mt ct
hnh ch nht, I, T, T c bu, T kp hnh hp m hoc kn.
Cc dm c sn c th chu cc ti trng nht thi khi c hoc khng c mt cu t chng ln trn.
Khi s dng mt cu b tng ring bit v kt cu, n phi c lm lin hp vi cc dm sn c sn.
Chiu rng bn cnh c xem l hu hiu trong chu un phi ly theo quy nh trong iu 4.6.2.6.

5.14.1.2. Dm c sn
5.14.1.2.1. Cc iu kin trc khi s dng

Trong vic thit k cc b phn b tng c sn, phi xem xt ton b vic t ti, cc iu kin hn
ch v khng n nh t khi bt u ch to ti khi hon thnh kt cu, bao gm nhng khng b gii
hn i vi vic d vn khun, lu kho, vn chuyn v lp t. i vi s vn chuyn v lp t, cc b
phn nn c thit k theo trng lng khng nh hn 1,5 ln trng lng bn thn ca n.
Nu c s nguy him i vi s an ton ca b phn trong khi vn chuyn hoc lp t, cc v tr ca
cc thanh chng tm v cc im chng tm, sc khng nh nht v cng ca chng phi c
ch r trong cc tp ti liu hp ng.
5.14.1.2.2. Cc kch thc qu c

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251

Kch thc v trng lng ln nht ca cc cu kin c sn c c ti bi c ngoi hin trng

phi ph hp vi s hn ch v vn chuyn ti a phng.
Chiu dy ca bt k phn no ca nhp dm b tng c sn khng c nh hn :

252

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bn cnh trn

50 mm

Sn dm, khng ko sau

125 mm

Sn dm, ko sau

165 mm

Bn cnh di

125 mm

Cc mi ni hin trng c th c s dng khi cc cu kin c sn c chiu di vt qu chiu di

c th vn chuyn c. Cc mi ni li ny phi ph hp vi cc quy nh, hoc trong iu 5.14.1.2.6
hoc trong iu 5.14.2.4.2.
5.14.1.2.3. Cc thit b cu nhc

Nu c d kin t cc neo dng lm mc cu c c vo pha trong mt cu kin, s phi l ra

nhn, hoc i vi cc vt liu b n mn kt cu c xong, bt k s hn ch v cc v tr ca cc
thit b c chn su cu, chiu su ca vic c bi v phng php nhi cc hc sau khi c bi
phi c th hin trong cc ti liu hp ng. Chiu su c bi khng c nh hn chiu dy lp
ph yu cu i vi ct thp.
5.14.1.2.4. Thit k chi tit

Mi chi tit v ct thp, lin kt, gi ta, cc kt cu chn hoc neo i vi cc vch ngang, lp bo
v b tng, cc l m, cc sai s v ch to v lp t phi c th hin trong cc ti liu hp ng.
Vi bt k chi tit no dnh cho s la chn ca Nh thu, nh l vt liu v phng php d ng lc
phi c yu cu trnh v xem xt cc bn v thi cng.
5.14.1.2.5. Cng b tng

i vi b tng ng cng chm, c th s dng cng chu nn tui 90 ngy cho ton b cc t
hp ng sut xy ra sau 90 ngy.
i vi b tng c t trng thng thng cng 90 ngy ca cc loi b tng ng cng chm c th
c d kin theo 115% cng b tng 28 ngy.
5.14.1.2.6. Cc mi ni thi cng hng ngang
5.14.1.2.6a. Tng qut

Cc mi ni thi cng trong nhp phi l loi hoc l c i u hoc l hp long. Cc mi ni ti cc

tr pha trong cu trong thi cng lin tc phi l loi hp long. Cc mi ni loi c i u phi tho
mn cc yu cu ca iu 5.14.2.4.2. i vi cc dm d ng lc, cc mi ni thi cng trong nhp
phi l loi ko sau.
Nu mi ni hp long vt qu 150 mm, mt ct m chu nn ca mi ni phi c gia cng kim
ch. Trnh t b tng hp long v bn phi c quy nh trong cc ti liu hp ng.
5.14.1.2.6b. Cc mi ni thi cng hu hiu hon ton.

Cc on dm b tng c sn, c hoc khng c bn c ti ch, c th thc hin lin tc theo hng
dc cho c hai loi ti trng tnh v hot vi cc s t hp ca ko sau v ct thp.

Tiu chun thit k cu

253

Chiu rng ca mi ni hp long gia cc on b tng c sn phi cho php ni c thp m

bo tnh lin tc theo yu cu khi thit k, v ph hp vi mi ni ng bc ko sau, nhng khng
c nh hn 300 mm khi mi ni c b tr trong nhp, v 100 mm ti tr pha trong. Khi mi ni
c t trong nhp, ct thp sn cc mi ni, As/s phi l s ln hn ca ct thp sn ca cc dm
k bn.
Trong trng hp cng ko sau theo nhiu giai on, cc on ca ng c bc i vi cc b cp
c ko trc khi cng chu nn ca b tng bn t f 'ci, phi khng c t trong bn.
5.14.1.2.7. Cc cu t hp gm cc dm c sn nhp gin n c ni lin tc.
5.14.1.2.7a. Tng qut

Cc cu gm cc dm b tng c sn v cc bn b tng c ti ch c th c ni lin tc chu

cc hot ti bng cch dng b tng hp long c ti ch ti cc v tr tr, vi cc ct thp chu ko t
trong bn, hoc bng cch hp long ti cc v tr khc. Ti cc tr bn trong, ni cc vch ngang
c hp long, vic thit k c th da trn cng b tng ca cu kin c sn.
5.14.1.2.7b. Ct thp

Ct thp dc dng thc hin hoc gp phn vo vic ni lin tc cc dm c sn qua cc tr bn

trong phi c neo vo trong cc vng ca bn, vng c chng t l khng b nt ti cc trng
thi gii hn cng v phi tho mn cc yu cu theo quy nh trong iu 5.11.1.2.3. Neo ct thp
ny phi t so le. Ct thp dc thng thng ca bn c th c dng nh l mt phn ca tng s
ct thp yu cu.
5.14.1.2.7c. Mc lin tc ti cc trng thi gii hn khc nhau

Nu ng sut tnh ton ti y ch ni i vi t hp ca cc ti trng tnh xt kt hp vi tc ng ln,

t bin, co ngt, 50% hot ti v gra-i-en nhit l nn, khi c th p dng c, mi ni c th c
coi nh hu hiu y .
Cc kt cu vi cc mi ni thi cng hu hiu y phi thit k theo cc kt cu lin tc hon ton
ti tt c cc trng thi gii hn i vi tt c cc ti trng tc dng sau khi hp long.
Cc kt cu vi cc mi ni thi cng hu hiu mt phn ti cc tr pha trong phi thit k theo cc kt
cu lin tc i vi cc ti trng tc dng sau khi hp long nhng ch i vi cc trng thi gii hn
cng v c bit.
Khi sc khng m men m ti mi ni tr bn trong l nh hn tng tr s yu cu, cc sc khng m
men dng cc nhp k bn phi c tng mt cch thch hp i vi mi trng thi gii hn
xem xt.
5.14.1.2.8. Cc mi ni thi cng theo hng dc

Cc mi ni thi cng dc gia cc b phn b tng c sn chu un phi c kho c nhi va khng
co ngt t cng chu nn 35 MPa trong vng 24 gi. Chiu su kho khng c nh hn 165
mm.

Tiu chun thit k cu

254

Nu cc b phn c ko ghp sau theo phng ngang, cc bn cnh trn c th c gi nh tc

ng nh mt bn ton khi, tr thit k bn theo kinh nghim nh quy nh trong iu 9.7.2 l khng
p dng c.
Tr s d ng lc hng ngang c th c xc nh theo hoc phng php di hoc phn tch 2 chiu.
D ng lc hng ngang, sau mi tn tht, phi khng nh hn 1,7 MPa truyn qua kho. Trong on
cui 900 mm u t do, lc d ng lc hng ngang phi ly gp i. Cc b cp cng ko sau hng
ngang phi v tr tim kho.

5.14.1.3. Cc dm t hp, cc dm sn mt ct hp v dm ch T c ti ch
5.14.1.3.1. Chiu dy bn cnh v sn
5.14.1.3.1a. Bn cnh trn

Chiu dy cc bn cnh trn dng lm cc bn mt cu phi :

c xc nh theo Phn 9

Theo yu cu b tr neo v lp ph b tng bo v khi dng d ng lc hng ngang v

Khng nh hn 1/20 ln khong cch trng gia cc ng g, nch dm hoc sn dm, tr khi
hoc cc sn ngang t theo cc qung cch bng khong cch trng c dng hoc c b tr d
ng lc ngang.

5.14.1.3.1b. Bn cnh di

Chiu dy bn cnh di khng c nh hn

140 mm,

1/16 khong cch trng gia cc ng g hoc sn dm ca cc dm hoc dm t hp khng d

ng lc, hoc
1/30 khong cch trng gia cc ng g, nch dm hoc sn dm i vi cc dm d ng lc
tr khi khong cch cc sn ngang bng v khong cch trng c dng.

5.14.1.3.1c. Sn dm

Chiu dy cc sn dm phi xc nh theo cc yu cu i vi lc ct, xon, lp ph b tng v b tng.

Cc thay i v chiu dy sn dm phi c vut thon u trong chiu di nh nht bng 12 ln hiu
s cc b dy sn dm.
5.14.1.3.2. Ct thp
5.14.1.3.2a. Ct thp bn mt cu ca dm T v dm hp c ti ch

Ct thp bn mt cu ca dm T v dm hp c ti ch phi c xc nh hoc theo cc phng php

truyn thng hoc theo cc phng php kinh nghim nh quy nh trong Phn 9.
Khi bn mt cu khng ko xa ra khi khi sn pha ngoi, t nht l 1/3 s ct thp ngang ca lp y
trong bn mt cu phi c ko di qua mt ngoi ca sn ngoi v ngm theo mc tiu chun 90o.
Nu bn ko di ra xa sn ngoi, th t nht 1/3 s ct thp ngang lp y phi c ko di vo

Tiu chun thit k cu

255

trong phn hng ca bn v phi c neo cch xa mt ngoi ca sn khng nh hn sc khng c

cung cp bi neo tiu chun.
5.14.1.3.2b. Ct thp bn y trong dm hp c ti ch

Ct thp phn b u, bng 0,4% ca din tch bn cnh phi c t vo bn y song song vi nhp
dm hoc theo cc lp n hoc i. Khong cch cc ct thp ny khng c ln hn 450 mm.
Ct thp phn b u, bng 0,5% ca din tch mt ct bn, da trn chiu dy nh nht ca bn phi
c t bn y ngang vi nhp dm. Cc ct thp ny phi c phn b trn c 2 mt vi khong
cch ln nht l 450 mm.
Tt c ct thp ngang trong bn y phi c ko di ti mt ngoi ca sn ngoi trong mi nhm v
c neo bng mc tiu chun 90o.

5.14.2. Thi cng phn on

5.14.2.1.Tng qut

Cc yu cu quy nh y phi b xung vo cc yu cu ca cc phn khc ca B Tiu chun ny

i vi cc kt cu b tng c thit k thi cng theo phng php phn on.
Cc quy nh y ch c p dng i vi vic thi cng phn on cc kt cu b tng c t trng
bnh thng.
Phng php thi cng c gi nh trong thit k phi c th hin trong cc ti liu hp ng. Cc
chng tm thi yu cu trc khi t ti thi gian m kt cu hoc b phn ca n c kh nng
bn thn n v cc ti trng tc dng sau cng phi c th hin trong cc ti liu hp ng.
Trong ti liu hp ng phi nu r cc phng n v phng php thi cng khc nhau c php
thc hin v trch nhim ca nh thu i vi cc phng php nu c chn. Nu nh thu c
bt c thay i no v phng php thi cng hoc thit k u phi tun th cc yu cu ca iu
5.14.2.5.

5.14.2.2. Phn tch kt cu cc cu phn on

5.14.2.2.1. Tng qut

Vic phn tch kt cu i vi cc cu thi cng theo phn on phi tun th theo cc yu cu ca Phn
4 v cc quy nh y.
5.14.2.2.2. Phn tch kt cu trong giai on thi cng

phn tch kt cu trong giai on thi cng, cc t hp ti trng thi cng, cc xem xt v cc ng sut
v n nh phi theo quy nh trong iu 5.14.2.3.
5.14.2.2.3. Phn tch h kt cu cui cng

Tiu chun thit k cu

256

H kt cu cui cng phi c phn tch nhm phn phi li cc tc ng v lc giai on thi cng
do cc bin dng bn trong v cc thay i v cc iu kin gi v kim ch.

Tiu chun thit k cu

257

Cc mi ni trong cc dm phn on c lm lin tc bng thp ko sau khng dnh bm phi c

xem xt i vi tc ng ng thi ca lc dc trc, m-men v lc ct c th xy ra ti mi ni. Cc tc
ng lc ny, khe h ca mi ni v din tch tip xc cn li gia cc b phn phi c xc nh theo s
xem xt tng th v ng bin v bin dng. Lc ct ch c gi nh truyn qua din tch tip xc.

5.14.2.3. Thit k
5.14.2.3.1. Cc ti trng

Cc ti trng thi cng nh quy nh trong cc iu 5.14.2.3.2 ti 5.14.2.3.4 phi c xem xt a

thm vo cc ti trng quy nh trong Phn 3.
5.14.2.3.2. Cc ti trng thi cng

Cc ti trng thi cng v cc iu kin gi nh trong thit k dng xc nh cc kch thc mt ct,
ct thp, v cc yu cu v d ng lc phi c ch r nh l tr s cho php ti a trong cc ti liu
hp ng thm vo cc ti trng lp dng, bt k cc gi tm thi hoc ging buc c yu cu no
phi c hoc nh theo ln hoc c bao gm nh l mt phn ca thit k. Cc lc hp long
chp nhn c do cc chnh l sai lch v nh v phi c thuyt minh. S cho php thch ng phi
lp ra c i vi tt c cc tc ng ca bt k cc thay i ca s kt cu tnh hc trong khi thi
cng v vic p dng, cc thay i hoc tho r cc im gi nh tm thi ca thit b c bit c
xt n cc tc ng lc d, cc bin dng v cc tc ng gy ra ng bin bt k.
Cc ti trng thi cng sau y phi c xem xt.
DC

Trng lng ca kt cu c .

DIFF =
Ti trng chnh lch, ch p dng cho thi cng theo phng php cn bng hng, ly bng
2% ti trng tnh tc dng ln mt cnh hng (N)
DW =

Tnh ti giai on II (N) hoc (N/mm)

CLL =
Hot ti thi cng phn b: Bao gm cc ph kin thi cng, my mc v thit b khc, ngoi
thit b lp dng chuyn dng ch yu, c ly bng 4,8x10-4 MPa din tch mt sn. Trong thi cng
hng, ti trng ny c ly bng 4,8x10-4 MPa trn mt cnh hng v 2,4x10-4 MPa trn cnh kia. i
vi cc cu thi cng theo phng php c y, ti trng ny c th b qua (MPa).
CE =
Thit b thi cng chuyn dng : l ti trng t bt k thit b chuyn dng no, bao gm xe
c, cn cu lao, dm v ti, dn hoc cc kt cu ph ch yu tng t, cc xe ti ch phn on v
cc ti trng ln nht tc ng vo kt cu do thit b gy ra trong khi cu cc phn on (N).
IE

CLE =

L ti trng ng do thit b gy ra c xc nh theo loi my d kin (N)

Ti trng thit b thi cng theo hng dc: Ti trng theo hng dc t thit b thi cng (N).

U
=
Khng cn bng phn on : l tc ng bt k ca cc phn on no mt cn bng hoc
iu kin khng bnh thng khc khi ph hp. iu ny ch yu p dng cho vic thi cng hng cn bng
nhng c th c m rng bao gm bt k trnh t cu nhc khng bnh thng no, m trnh t ny
khng phi l c im ch yu ca h thi cng chung (N)
WS

Ti trng gi nm ngang ln cc kt cu ph hp vi quy nh ca Phn 3 (MPa)

Tiu chun thit k cu

WE

WUP =

258

Ti trng gi nm ngang tc ng ln thit b ly theo 4,8 x 10-4 MPa ca mt l (MPa)

Lc nng ca gi trn mt cnh hng : 2,4x10-4 MPa ca din tch mt sn i vi phng

php thi cng hng cn bng c tc ng ch trn mt bn, tr khi s phn tch v cc iu kin ti
ch hoc hnh dng kt cu l khc (MPa).
A

Trng lng tnh ca phn on c sn ang cu (N)

Al

p ng ng hc do s tho hoc t bt ng mt ti trng phn on c sn, hoc t

t ngt mt ti trng tnh khc c cng thm vi tnh ti, c ly bng 100% ca ti trng A (N).
CR

Cc tc ng t bin ph hp vi iu 5.14.2.3.6.

SH

Co ngt ph hp vi iu 5.14.2.3.6 v

T
=
Tc ng nhit : Tng cc tc ng do s thay i nhit ng u (TU) v gra-i-en
nhit (TG) ()
5.14.2.3.3. Cc t hp ti trng thi cng trng thi gii hn s dng

Phi xc nh cc ng sut ti cc trng thi gii hn s dng nh c quy nh trong Bng 1, vi bng
ny dng cc ghi ch sau y :

Ghi ch 1 : thit b khng lm vic

Ghi ch 2 : lp dng bnh thng, v

Ghi ch 3 : di chuyn thit b.

Cc ng sut cho php phi tun th theo iu 5.9.4.

S phn b v p dng cc ti trng lp dng ring bit, thch hp i vi giai on thi cng, phi c
la chn to ra cc tc ng bt li nht. ng sut nn ca b tng do ti trng thi cng phi khng
c vt qu 0,5 fc , vi fc l cng chu nn ti lc t ti trng.
Cc ng sut ko trong b tng do cc ti trng thi cng phi khng vt qu cc tr s c quy nh
trong Bng 1 tr i vi cc kt cu c t hn 60% kh nng chu ko do cc b cng bn trong cung
cp v c cc mi ni loi A, cc ng sut ko khng c vt qu 0,25 fc . i vi cc kt cu c
cc mi ni loi B, khng cho php c cc ng sut ko.

sw

sw

T
T hp
hp
ti
ti trng
trng

Tnh
Tnh ti
ti

Hot
Hot ti
ti

Ti
Ti trng
trng gi
gi

h s
s ti
ti trng
trng
h
Cc
Cc ti
ti trng
trng khc
khc

Ti trng
t

Khng bao
gm
cc
ti
Khng
bao
trng khc
gm cc ti

Bao gm
Bao
cc gm
ti
cckhc
ti
trng
trng khc

Gii hn
hn ng
ng sut
sut ko
ko
Gii

Bng 5.14.2.3.3-1-Cc h s ti trng v gii hn ng sut ko i vi cc t hp ti trng thi cng

Xem
Xem
ghi
ch
ch

Tiu chun thit k cu

259

5.14.2.3.4 - Cc t hp ti trng thi cng cc trng thi gii hn cng

Tiu chun thit k cu

260

Sc khng tnh ton ca cc b phn c xc nh bng cch dng cc h s sc khng nh c quy

nh trong iu 5.5.4.2.2 phi khng c nh hn l cc yu cu theo cc t hp ti trng tnh ton
sau y :

i vi cc tc ng lc ln nht :

Fu = 1,1(DL+DIFF) + 1,3CE + A + Al

(5.14.2.3.4-1)

i vi cc tc ng lc nh nht :

Fu = DL+ CE + A + Al

(5.14.2.3.4-2)

5.14.2.3.5. Cc tc ng nhit trong khi thi cng

Cc tc ng nhit c th xy ra trong khi thi cng cu phi c xem xt.

S thay i nhit dng cho cc gi cu v cc khe c gin phi c thuyt minh trong cc ti liu
hp ng.
5.14.2.3.6. T bin v co ngt.

H s t bin (t, t1) phi c xc nh hoc theo iu 5.4.2.3, hoc bng cc th nghim tng hp.
Cc ng sut phi c xc nh phn b li cc ng sut kim ch do t bin v co ngt c da
trn tin trnh thi cng gi nh theo thuyt minh trong cc ti liu hp ng.
xc nh cc lc ko sau cui cng, cc mt mt d ng lc phi c tnh ton theo tin trnh thi
cng c ghi trong cc ti liu hp ng.
5.14.2.3.7. Mt mt d ng lc
Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 5.9.5.
5.14.2.3.8. ng bc v neo ko sau d phng.
5.14.2.3.8a. Tng qut

Cc iu khon iu chnh ng lc b i vi cc tn tht khng d kin, hoc trong khi thi cng
hoc lc mun hn, cc ti trng tnh tng lai, khng ch v nt v vng phi c xem xt. Khi
cc iu chnh nh trn c xem l cn thit, cc yu cu theo quy nh y phi c tho mn.
5.14.2.3.8b. Cc cu c cc ng bc t bn trong

i vi cc cu c cc ng bc t bn trong, neo d phng v dung lng ca ng dng cho cc b tao cp

chu mmen m v m men dng c t i xng i vi tim cu phi to ra c s tng thm ca lc
ko sau trong khi thi cng u tin. Tng tim nng lc d phng ca c hai loi neo v ng bc m men
dng v m men m khng c nh hn 5% tng cc lc m men dng v m ko sau. Cc neo dng
cho cc ng lc trc d phng phi phn b u n qua 3 phn on t dc theo chiu di cu.

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261

Mi sn dm phi b tr t nht mt ng bc rng. i vi cc cu lin tc, khng cn s dng ti kh

nng ca cc ng bc v neo d phng chu m men dng trong phm vi 25% chiu di nhp v hai
pha ca cc gi tr.
Bt k ng bc d phng no khng s dng iu chnh lc ko sau phi c bm va vo cng lc
vi cc ng bc khc trong nhp.
5.14.2.3.8c. D tr cho tnh ti tng lai hoc iu chnh vng

Phi c d tr cho vic a vo v cho vic gn neo qua cc l m v cc khi chuyn hng cho
php v sau b xung cc b tao cp t bn ngoi khng dnh bm c chng n mn v t bn trong
mt ct hnh hp mt cch i xng vi tim cu to lc ko sau khng nh hn 10% m men dng v
m men m.
5.14.2.3.9. Cch trnh by bn v cp ko sau
5.14.2.3.9a. Tng qut
Cc ti liu ca hp ng phi theo mt trong hai cch trnh by sau:

Cch A: C y bn v chi tit v cu to v kch thc bao gm chiu di phn on, mi

ni thi cng, kch thc v quy cch b thp, cc lc kch, cc chi tit cu to ca thp khng d
ng lc, s liu v vng ngc v mt phng php thi cng thng nht.

Cch B: Cc bn v trnh by kch thc b tng, chiu di phn on, chi tit cu to ca thp
khng d ng lc, cc yu cu v lch tm trn cc biu ca lc v/hoc m-men sau khi
mt mt ma st thi im thi cng, s liu v vng ngc v mt phng php thi cng thng
nht.

5.14.2.3.9b. Lp cc ti liu hp ng theo cch A

Khi ngi k s lp mt b ti liu cho hp ng theo cch A, h phi hon ton chu trch nhim
v mi thng tin c cung cp trn bn v, bao gm s chnh xc v kch thc v khng b
chng cho khi thi cng. Ngi k s cng phi chu trch nhim v tnh kh thi ca cc giai on
thi cng m thit k da vo.
Cc ti liu hp ng phi gip cho nh thu sot xt li cc kch thc ca b thp v s b tr
trn cc bn v vi iu kin l cc lc cng sau v m-men do cc lc cng sau ngha l cc lc
nhn vi cc lch tm, khng nh hn cc tr s c trnh by trong bn v vi y chi tit
v khng c ln hn 5% bt c mt ct no. Trong trng hp nh th, cc ti liu hp ng
phi yu cu nh thu chun b cc bn v v kch thc v b tr, xc nh s mt mt do ma st
thi im gy ng lc v chu trch nhim v cc sa i .
5.14.2.3.9c. Lp cc ti liu hp ng theo cch B
Khi ngi k s lp mt b ti liu hp ng theo cch B, k s phi chu trch nhim v s y
i vi ton b kt cu, bao gm c cc giai on thi cng lm c s cho vic thit k. Cc ti
liu hp ng phi cho nh thu c th chn kch c v bn v b tr cc b cp. Trong cc
ti liu hp ng phi yu cu nh thu p ng biu m-men do d ng lc sau khi mt mt do

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262

ma st nhng cha tnh co ngt, t bin, t chng thp v khng c vt qu gi tr ny trn 5%,
nh thu phi chu trch nhim hon ton v vic chi tit ho bn v b tr b thp v phi chu
trch nhim chun b cc bn v thi cng chi tit cho vic ct, un ct thp khng d ng lc c
ch r trong cc ti liu hp ng.
5.14.2.3.9d. Cc bn v thi cng
Cc bn v thi cng cho cng vic cng sau v cho cc cu kin chn sn khc nh cc khe co
gin, cc gi v cc bu lng neo do nh cung cp giao phi c K s kim tra li v duyt
cho ng vi ca thit k v ph hp vi cc bn v thit k v cc ch dn k thut. Trong
trng hp cc ti liu Hp ng c chun b theo cch A c iu chnh hoc khi ti liu hp
ng khng cung cp thng tin chi tit v kch thc nh i vi cc hp ng c chun b theo
cch B th nh thu phi chu trch nhim b tr tt c cc vt chn sn v sa cha mi s chng
cho. Cc bn v b tr cng sau. phi l bn v quyt nh vic b tr ct thp khng d ng lc.
Trong trng hp cn thit, v tr ca thp khng d ng lc phi c iu chnh khng lm
vng cc b thp.
5.14.2.3.10. Kch thc v chi tit mt ct ngang dm hp
5.14.2.3.10a. B dy ti thiu ca bn cnh dm
B dy ca bn cnh trn v bn cnh di khng c nh hn bt k tr s no di y:

1/30 khong cch tnh gia cc bn bng dm hoc nch dm. Nu nh hn th phi t thm
cc vch ngang theo cc khong cch bng khong cch tnh gia cc bn bng dm hoc nch
dm.

B dy ca bn cnh trn khng c nh hn 225mm trong cc vng neo dng cho vic cng
sau theo phng ngang v khng c nh hn 200mm bn ngoi vng neo hoc i vi cc bn
d ng lc. Phi dng d ng lc sau hoc trc theo phng ngang khi khong cch tnh gia cc
bn bng dm hoc nch dm bng hoc ln hn 4500mm. Cc b thp dng cng trc theo
phng ngang phi c ng knh bng 12,7mm hoc nh hn.
5.14.2.3.10b. Chiu dy ti thiu ca bn bng dm
Phi dng cc ga tr ti thiu sau y tr trng hp c ch dn khc trong ti liu ny:

Cc bn bng dm khng c b thp cng sau theo phng dc hoc phng ng: 200mm

Cc bn bng dm ch dng b thp cng sau theo phng dc (hoc theo phng ng): 300mm

Cc bn bng dm c b thp cng theo c hai hng dc v thng ng: 375 mm.

Chiu dy ti thiu ca cc bn bng dm c sn tng cng c th ly bng 175 mm.

5.14.2.3.10c. Chiu di ca phn hng cu bn cnh trn dm
Chiu di ca phn hng ca bn cnh trn o t bn bng dm khng nn vt qu 0,45 nhp bn
trong ca bn cnh trn tnh theo tim ca cc bn bng dm.
5.14.2.3.10d. Cc kch thc chung ca mt ct ngang

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263

Kch thc ph b ca mt ct ngang ca dm hp thng phi ly khng nh hn cc kch thc

theo yu cu gii hn vng do hot ti cng vi lc xung kch gy ra vi vic dng m-men
qun tnh ca mt ct th v m-un n hi ct tuyn l 1/1000 nhp. Hot ti phi bao gm tt
c cc ln xe c cht ti y v phi hiu chnh s ln cht ti theo ch dn iu 3.6.1.1.2.
Phi coi hot ti l phn b u trn tt c cc cu kin chu un dc.
5.14.2.3.11. Thit k chng ng t
Trong thit k kt cu phn trn phn on c ct chu m-men ti cc v tr lin kt ca kt cu
phn trn phi xem xt lc khp do t cc ct ph hp vi iu 3.10.9.4.3. Cc kt cu phn trn
ca cu nm trong cc vng ng t 3 c ct chu m-men t cc lin kt ca kt cu phn bn
trn phi c gia cng bng cc chi tit do chu un c theo phng dc v phng ngang
do khp do ca ct gy ra.
Phi dng lin kt loi A trong vng ng t 3. Cc mi ni phn on phi kh nng truyn
c tc ng ca ng t.
Phi b tr cc b thp bn trong tnh ti kt cu phn trn vi h s ti trng bng1,3 vng
ng t 3. Tr s trung bnh ca ng sut trong thp d ng lc ca cc b thp bn trong di tc
ng ca ti trng ny phi c tnh ton ph hp vi iu 5.7.3.1.1. Cc b thp bn ngoi
khng c chu qu 50% ca ton b lc ko sau ca thp.

5.14.2.4. Cc loi cu phn on

5.14.2.4.1. Tng qut

Cc cu c cc kt cu phn trn thit k vi d kin s c thi cng phn on phi tun th cc yu

cu c quy nh y, da trn phng php b tng v cc phng php lp dng c dng.
5.14.2.4.2. Cc cu to chi tit v thi cng c sn

Cng chu nn ca cc phn on b tng c sn trc khi tho vn khun khng c nh hn

17 MPa v phi c tui tng ng vi 14 ngy 21oC trc khi lp vo kt cu.
Cc nhm kho chng ct c g nh ti cc mi ni c i u cc sn dm ca cc cu phn on
c sn phi ko di trn chiu cao sn dm chng no cn ph hp vi cc chi tit khc. Chi tit ca
cc kho chng ct sn dm nn l tng t vi kho chng ct c th hin Hnh 1. Cc kho
chng ct cng phi c b tr trong cc bn nh v y. Cc kho trong cc bn nh v y c th
l cc kho cu kin n ln hn.

264

Tiu chun thit k cu

32 mm h hai ln ng
knh cp phi ln nht
Mt bn

Mt chnh

Chi tit X

Hnh 5.14.2.4.2-1- V d ca kho chng ct c g nh.

Cc mi ni dng trong cc cu phn on c sn phi hoc l hp long c ti ch hoc c i u.

Cc cu phn on c sn s dng cc b tao cp ko sau t bn trong phi s dng cc mi ni loi
A. Cc cu phn on c sn khc c th dng mi ni loi B theo nh quy nh trong iu 5.5.4.2.2.
i vi cc mi ni loi A, h thng d ng lc phi to ra mt ng sut chu nn nh nht bng 0,21
MPa v mt ng sut trung bnh bng 0,28 MPa i qua mi ni cho ti khi pxy ng cng.
5.14.2.4.3. Cc cu to v chi tit v thi cng c ti ch
Phi x l cc mi ni gia cc phn on c ti ch hoc bng cch lm nhm g gh c ch
cho l ra cc ct liu th hoc bng cch s dng cc mng chng ct.
Chiu rng ca cc mi ni hp long phi ni cc ng bc b thp.
Phi lm cc vch ngn m, tr, cc mi ni khp, cc im gc bn cnh di ca cc kt cu
c vt thng. Cc vch ngn phi m bo c chc ti cc m tr, tr khi c khot l cho cc
thit b cng ch hay cho ngi qua li. Cc vch ngn phi rng theo yu cu ca thit k vi
cao ti thiu trn cc gi khng nh hn150mm.
5.14.2.4.4. Thi cng hng

Cc iu khon quy nh y phi c s dng cho c hai phng php thi cng hng c sn v
c ti ch.

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265

Cc b tao cp t dc phi c neo vo trong cc sn dm, cc bn hoc cc vu t pha ngoi

sn dm hoc bn. Mi phn on phi c neo t nht l 2 b tao cp t dc.
on kt cu hng phi c nghin cu v mt chng lt trong khi lp dng. H s an ton chng
lt phi khng c nh hn 1,5 di bt k t hp ti trng no, nh c quy nh trong iu
5.14.2.3.3. Tc gi nh nht i vi s phn tch v n nh lp dng phi ly bng 90 km/h, tr khi
c s nh gi tt hn v tc gi c th xy ra t c bng phn tch hoc cc h s kh tng.
Cc b tao cp lin tc phi c neo cch xa im cc ng sut c yu cu theo l thuyt t nht
mt phn on.
Cc chiu di phn on gi nh trong thit k phi c th hin trn cc bn v. Bt k cc thay i
no do Nh thu kin ngh phi c da vo s phn tch li v mt thi cng v tnh ton cc ng sut
cui cng.
Trng lng xe c gi nh trong tnh ton ng sut v vng phi c thuyt minh trn cc bn v.
5.14.2.4.5. Thi cng theo phng php tng nhp mt

Cc quy nh phi c lp ra khi thit k cc cu thi cng theo phng php tng nhp mt vi cc ng
sut thi cng tch lu do c thay i trong h kt cu theo tin trnh xy dng.
Cc ng sut sinh ra do cc thay i trong h kt cu, c bit l cc tc ng ca vic t ti ln mt
h v d n khi h khc phi c tnh ti. S phn phi li cc ng sut nh vy do t bin phi c
xem xt v lp ra s cho php i v cc thay i c th v sut v ln ca t bin.
5.14.2.4.6. Thi cng theo phng php c y
5.14.2.4.6a. Tng qut

Cc ng sut trong tt c cc giai on lao khng c vt qu cc gii hn quy nh trong iu 5.9.4

i vi cc cu kin c ct thp dnh bm qua mi ni v cc b tao cp t pha trong.
Nu kt cu c lao theo chiu dc xung, quy nh v chng li cc lc ma st trn cc kt cu
phn di trong khi lao v kim ch kt cu phn trn phi c thit lp. i vi vic xc nh cc lc
ma st nguy him, lc ma st trn cc gi khi lao phi gi nh thay i trong khong gia 0 v 4%,
ly gi tr no nguy him hn. Tr s cao c th gim ti 3,5% nu ln ca cc tr v cc lc kch
lao c gim st trong khi thi cng.
5.14.2.4.6b. Cc tc ng lc do cc sai s thi cng

Cc tc ng lc do cc sai s thi cng cho php sau y gy ra phi c xt ng thi cng vi cc

tc ng gy ra do cc ti trng trng lc :

Trong phng dc gia 2 gi k nhau ..................................................................................... 5 mm

Tiu chun thit k cu

266

Trong phng ngang gia 2 gi k nhau ............................................................................... 2,5 mm

Gia din tch ch to v thit b lao trong phng dc v phng ngang nhau.................... 2,5 mm

lch bn ti pha ngoi cc sn dm............................................................................... 2,5 mm

Lc nm ngang tc ng ln cc gi dn bn ca cc gi lao phi ly khng nh hn 1% ca phn lc

gi thng ng.
i vi cc ng sut trong khi thi cng, mt na cc tc ng lc do cc sai s thi cng gy ra v mt
na cc tc ng lc do nhit gy ra ph hp vi iu 5.14.2.3 phi c xt cng vi cc tc ng
do cc ti trng trng lc. Cc ng sut chu ko ca b tng do cc m men t hp phi khng vt
qu 0,58 fc .
5.14.2.4.6c. Thit k cc chi tit

Cc tr v cc vch ngn kt cu phn trn ti cc tr phi c thit k cho php kch kt cu phn
trn trong tt c cc giai on lao v lp t cc gi vnh cu. Cc lc ma st trong khi lao phi
c xem xt trong thit k kt cu phn di.
Ti pha di cc sn dm, cc ng sut cc b c th tng ln trong khi lao phi c nghin cu.
Cc yu cu sau y phi c tho mn.

Cc tm m lao phi c t cch mp ngoi sn dm khng nh hn 75 mm.

Lp bo v b tng gia y v cc ng bc ko sau phi khng c nh hn 150 mm, v

Cc p lc gi ti gc sn dm/y phi c nghin cu v cc tc ng ca cc ng bc

khng c phun va, v bt k lch tm no gia ch giao nhau ca cc ng tim sn dm v
bn y vi ng tim ca gi cng phi c xem xt.

Cc b thp thng cn cho vic lao dm phi c t trong cc bn nh v bn y ca cc dm

hp v trong khong mt phn ba v pha di ca bn bng dm ch T. Trong mt mi ni thi
cng khng c ni qu 50% s b thp. Cc neo v cc v tr ca cc b thp thng phi c
thit k theo sc khng ca b tng thi im cng ko.
cc mt ca cc mi ni thi cng phi b tr cc mng chng ct hay x l gh gh m bo
bin nhm ti thiu l 6 mm. Ct thp thng khng dnh bm phi c b tr theo hng dc
v ngang ti tt c cc b mt b tng i qua mi ni v vt qua n v mi pha mt khong cch
2100 mm. B tr ct thp ti thiu phi tng ng vi cc thanh No13 t cch nhau 125 mm.
5.14.2.4.6d. Thit k thit b thi cng
Nu trong ti liu hp ng trnh by thit b thi cng theo phng php c y, khi thit k cc
thit b phi bao hm nhng khng gii hn nhng im nu di y :

Cc dung sai trong xy dng trn b mt trt mt y ca mi dn lao dm phi c gii

hn theo cc dung sai ca kt cu phn trn c quy nh trong iu 5.1.4.2.4.6b.

Phi kho st vic a cc phn lc tc dng ln mi lao v sc khng, n nh v bin dng.

Phi thit k cc gi lao dm sao cho chng c th b li chuyn hng cc b ca mt

trt ti 2mm do bin dng n hi gy ra.

Tiu chun thit k cu

267

Cc thit b lao phi c kch c m bo cho ma st quy nh theo iu 5.1.4.2.4.6a v dc

thc t ca kt cu phn trn.

Phi thit k cc thit b lao dm sao cho khi b mt in s khng dn n kt cu phn trn b

trt khng kim sot c.

H s ma st gia b tng v cc b mt thp hnh c gia cng cng ca thit b lao phi ly

bng 60% trng thi gii hn s dng v lc ma st khng c vt qu lc ko l 30%.

Cc vn khun lm b mt trt pha di v bn ngoi bn bng dm phi chu c mi mn v
cng m bo vng ca chng trong khi c khng vt qu 2mm.
5.14.2.4.7. Cu dm phn on c sn
5.14.2.4.7a. Tng qut
Phi thit k cu dm phn on c sn theo cc quy nh trong tiu chun ny v theo cc quy
nh b xung nu trong phn ny.
5.14.2.4.7b. Ct thp phn on
Cc phn on ca cu dm phn on tt nht l c ko trc chu tnh ti v ton b ti
trng thi cng gii hn ng sut ko trong b tng l 0,25 f c .
Nu cc phn on khng dng ct thp d ng lc, phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 5.7.3.4.
5.14.2.4.7c. Cc mi ni
B rng ca cc mi ni c ti ch phi m bo thi cng ni cc ng v rung m b tng.
Sc khng nn ca b tng mi ni tui quy nh phi ph hp vi cc gii hn ca ng sut
thit k. B mt ca cc phn on c sn phi c x l to nhm g gh l ra ct liu th
hoc phi cu to cc mng chng ct theo iu 5.14.2.4.2.
Cc mi ni theo kiu c i u (in on) c qut keo poxy dng cho cc cu dm phn on
phi c thit k theo iu 5.14.2.4.2. Phi to mt ng lc nn ti thiu l 0,28 MPa cho mi
ni trong thi k keo poxy cha pht huy hiu lc
5.14.2.4.7d. Ko sau
C th tin hnh ko sau trc v/hoc sau khi b tng bn mt cu. C th tin hnh ko sau
mt phn to s lin tc ca dm trc khi b tng bn mt cu v cng nt sau khi b
tng bn mt cu. Phi s dng cc u ni ph hp vi iu 5.10.3.5. Phi ch c bit n nh
hng ca phn l trng dnh cho cc u ni khi tnh cc c trng mt ct lc cng sau.
Nu cc b thp kt thc mt nh ca mt ct dm th ti liu hp ng phi c yu cu v ng
to l c bo v trnh mi vt tch t li trong qu trnh thi cng. Phi b tr thit b thot nc
ti cc im thp ca ng b thp.

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268

5.14.2.5. Dng cc phng php thi cng khc

Nu h s hp ng khng i hi phi tun theo phng n k thut d kin, nh thu c th
chn cc phng n xy dng khc thc hin v chn mt s s cng ngh ko sau ci tin,
thch hp vi phng php thi cng chn. Khi nh thu phi cung cp bn tnh kt cu nu
r cc lc ko sau v cc lch tm th hin trn cc bn v thi cng tho mn mi yu cu ca
cc tiu chun thit k. Nu c yu cu b sung v vic cng ko sau trong cc giai on xy dng
hoc v cc l do khc, phi chng minh cc ng sut nhng mt ct nguy him trong kt cu
giai on kt thc xy dng tho mn cc quy nh v ng sut cho php theo cc tiu chun thit
k. Vic r b phn cng ko sau tm thi t c cc iu kin ni trn l c php thc
hin. c phn b sung thm ct thp thng trong cc giai on thi cng. Nh thu phi cung
cp mi vt liu b sung thm trong cc giai on xy dng v khng c Ch u t thanh ton
i vi chi ph cho cc vt liu b sung .
Cc iu khon c bit trong hp ng c th a vo cc quy nh v phng n k thut d
kin trong cho php thc hin cc phng php thi cng theo phng n ca nh thu v yu
cu phi thit k li kt cu giai on kt thc xy dng .
Cc chi ph ca nh thu trong vic lp thit k k thut cho phng n d kin v chi ph ca Ch
u t kim tra thit k k thut phi c xem l mt phn ca chi ph thit k li kt cu.
Khong cch tr, ng tim tr, din mo ngoi ca b tng v cc kch thc khng c thay
i so vi tiu chun k thut d kin. tr khi h s hp ng cho php.
i vi phng n k thut d kin, nh thu phi cung cp mt b y h s tnh ton thit k
v cc cc bn v hp ng sa li. Vic thit k li phng n k thut d kin phi giao cho
mt K s chuyn ngnh c kinh nghim thit k cu phn on m nhim.

5.14.2.6. Kt cu phn di ca cu phn on

5.14.2.6.1. Tng qut
Thit k m v tr phi tun theo phn 11 v cc quy nh trong phn ny. Khi thit k phi xt
cc ti trng lp rp, mmen v lc ct tc dng ln m, tr do phng php xy dng c th
hin trong cc h s hp ng . Cc tr v ging lin kt ph tm phi c th hin r rng theo
yu cu. Phi thit k cc tr c sn phn on hnh ch nht rng theo iu 5.7.4.7. C th tnh
ton din tch ct thp thng dc khng lin tc theo quy nh ca iu 5.14.2.6.3.
5.14.2.6.2. T hp ti trng thi cng
Phi tnh ng sut ko trong cc kt cu phn di phn on pht sinh trong qu trnh thi cng
di cc t hp ti trng theo bng 5.14.2.3.3- 1
5.14.2.6.3. Ct thp dc ca cc tr phn on c sn mt ct hnh ch nht rng.

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269

Din tch ti thiu ca ct thp thng dc v khng lin tc trong cc tr c sn phn on mt

ct hnh ch nht rng phi tho mn cc quy nh v ct thp chu nhit v co ngt quy nh
trong iu 5.10.8.
5.14.3. Vm
5.14.3.1. Tng qut

Hnh dng ca vm phi c la chn sao cho s un l nh nht di tc ng ca t hp cc ti

trng thng xuyn v nht thi.

5.14.3.2. Sn vm
n nh trong mt phng ca sn vm (cc sn vm) phi c nghin cu qua m un n hi
v m men qun tnh thch hp i vi t hp cc ti trng v m men trong sn vm (cc sn vm).
Thay cho s phn tch chnh xc, chiu di hu hiu khi b on (mt n nh khi b un dc), c th
c nh gi theo tch s ca na chiu di nhp vm v h s quy nh trong Bng 4.5.3.2.2c-1.
Cc quy nh ca iu 4.5.3.2.2 c th c s dng phn tch cc sn vm. Khi dng s hiu
chnh xp x th cp i vi m men, quy nh trong iu 4.5.3.2.2c, m un n hi ct tuyn ngn
hn c th c tnh theo quy nh trong iu 5.4.2.4, da trn cng 0,4 f 'c.
Cc sn vm phi c t ct thp nh l cc cu kin chu nn. Ct thp ti thiu, ly bng 1% din
tch b tng nguyn, phi c phn b u trn mt ct sn vm. Ct thp ai (kim ch) phi b tr
theo nh yu cu i vi cc ct.
Cc tng trn lng vm khng p cao hn 7500 mm phi c ging bng cc tng chng hoc cc
vch ngn.
Cc tng trn lng vm phi b tr cc mi ni co gin v phi b tr ct thp chng nhit tng ng
vi khong cch mi ni.
Tng lng vm phi c ni ti ng sn vm.
Phi b tr thot kh nc cho t p trn tng lng vm. Phi b tr cc b lc bng vt liu mn
phng nga lm tc s tiu nc.
5.14.4 . Kt cu bn

5.14.4.1. Kt cu bn c c ti ch
Cc bn c ct thp dc c ti ch c th l bn ct thp thng hoc d ng lc v c th c s
dng nh cc cu dng bn v cc np cng.
S phn b ca hot ti c th c xc nh theo phn tch hai hng hoc theo quy nh trong iu
4.6.2.3. Cc bn v cc cu bn c thit k theo m men ph hp vi iu 4.6.2.3 c th c xem
nh tho mn i vi lc ct.
Phi b tr cc dm mp theo quy nh trong iu 9.7.1.4.
Ct thp phn b ngang phi c t y ca cc bn, tr cc np cng hoc cc bn ca cu,
chiu cao ca t p bn trn bn vt qu 600 mm. S lng ct thp ngang y c th xc nh hoc

270

Tiu chun thit k cu

theo phn tch hai hng hoc s lng ct thp phn b c th ly theo phn trm ca ct thp ch cn thit i
vi m men dng c ly theo :

i vi kt cu b tng ct thp theo hng dc:

1750

50%

(5.14.4.1-1)

i vi kt cu d ng lc hng dc

1750
L

f pe
410

50%

(5.14.4.1-2)

trong :
L

chiu di nhp (m)

fpe

ng sut hu hiu trong thp d ng lc sau cc mt mt. (MPa)

Thp chu co ngt ngang v ct thp chng nhit nh cc bn phi tun th theo cc yu cu ca
iu 5.10.8.

5.14.2. Kt cu bn rng c ti ch
5.14.4.2.1. Cc kch thc mt ct ngang

Cc kt cu phn trn bn rng c ti ch c th c ko sau theo c hai hng dc v ngang.

i vi cc l rng hnh trn, khong cch t tim ti tim cc l rng khng nn nh hn tng chiu cao
bn, v b dy nh nht ca b tng c ly ti tim l rng thng gc vi mt ngoi phi khng nh
hn 140 mm.
i vi cc l rng hnh ch nht, chiu rng theo hng ngang ca l rng khng vt qu 1,5 ln
chiu cao rng, chiu dy ca sn gia cc l rng khng nn nh hn 20% tng chiu cao ca mt
cu v chiu dy nh nht ca b tng bn trn cc l rng khng nn nh hn 175 mm.
Chiu dy bn cnh y phi tho mn cc yu cu quy nh trong iu 5.14.1.3.1b.
Khi cc l rng tun th theo cc yu cu kch thc y v khi sut rng khng vt qu 40%, kt
cu phn trn c th c phn tch nh l bn, bng cch s dng hoc theo quy nh ca iu 4.6.2.3
hoc theo phn tch hai hng i vi cc tm ng hng.
Nu sut rng vt qu 40%, kt cu phn trn phi c x l theo kt cu c ngn v c phn
tch theo :

Hp nhiu l lin khi, theo quy nh trong iu 4.6.2.2.1-1 loi d, hoc

Tm trc hng, hoc

Continum ba hng.

5.14.4.2.2. S lng gi t nht

Tiu chun thit k cu

271

Cc ct c th c ngm trong kt cu phn trn, hoc mt gi n c th dng cho cc gi bn

trong ca cc kt cu lin tc. t nht phi c 2 gi c dng ti cc im cu.
Quay theo hng ngang ca kt cu phn trn phi khng vt qu 0,5% ti cc trng thi gii hn s
dng.
5.14.4.2.3. Cc mt ct u bn c

Mt ct c t nht di 900 mm, nhng khng nh hn 5% chiu di nhp phi c b tr ti hai u

nhp. Cc vng neo ko sau phi tho mn cc yu cu quy nh trong iu 5.10.9. Khi thiu s phn
tch k hn, cc mt ct c ca mt cu c th c phn tch theo dm ngang bng cch phn b cc
lc ti cc gi cu v ti cc neo ko sau.
5.14.4.2.4. Cc yu cu thit k tng qut

i vi cc bn rng tun th theo cc qui nh ca iu 5.14.4.2.1, cc tc ng lc tng th v cc

b do cc ti trng bnh xe khng cn c t hp. Bn cnh nh ca mt cu c cc l rng hnh ch
nht c th hoc c phn tch thit k theo mt bn khung, hoc c thit k vi cc quy nh ca
phng php kinh nghim nh c quy nh trong iu 9.7.2.
Phn nh bn bn trn cc l rng hnh trn c lm vi cc vn khun thp rng phi c ko sau
theo hng ngang. Ti chiu dy b tng nh nht, nn trc bnh qun sau ton b cc tn tht, nh
c quy nh trong iu 5.9.5 phi khng c nh hn 3,5 MPa. Khi c ko sau theo hng
ngang, thp tng cng thm khng cn thit t trong b tng trn cc l rng trn.
Thp chu co ngt ngang v thp chng nhit ti y bn rng phi tho mn cc yu cu theo quy nh
trong iu 5.10.8.
5.14.4.2.5. Cc khu vc chu nn trong vng m men m

Ti v tr cc tr bn trong, mt phn mt ct ngang, (ca kt cu bn) chu cc ng sut nn c th

c xt nh ct nm ngang v c tng cng ph hp.
5.14.4.2.6. Thot nc ca cc l rng

Phi b tr y s thot nc ca cc l rng ph hp vi cc quy nh ca iu 2.6.6.5.

5.14.4.3. Cu c bn mt cu c sn
5.14.4.3.1. Tng qut

Cc n nguyn b tng c sn k nhau trong phng dc c th c ni vi nhau theo hng ngang

to h mt cu. Cc n nguyn b tng c sn c th l lin tc hoc ch vi ti trng nht thi
hoc cho c hai loi ti trng thng xuyn v nht thi. S lin tc theo phng php lp tng nhp
mt phi ph hp vi cc quy nh trong iu 5.14.1.2.6.

Tiu chun thit k cu

272

Khi khng b tr lp ph bn trn b tng kt cu, chiu dy nh nht ca b tng phi bng 140 mm
nh ca cc b phn l rng trong v 175 mm cho tt c cc b phn khc.
5.14.4.3.2. Cc mi ni truyn lc ct

Cc b phn c sn hng dc c th c ni vi nhau theo hng ngang bi kho chng ct c

chiu cao khng nh hn 175 mm. V mc ch phn tch cc mi ni truyn lc ct theo phng dc
phi c m hnh ho nh cc cht.
Mi ni phi c lp y bng va khng co ngt vi cng nn t nht bng 35 MPa tui 24 g.
5.14.4.3.3. Cc mi ni truyn lc ct-un
5.14.4.3.3a. Tng qut

Cc b phn c sn theo phng dc c th c ni vi nhau bng d ng lc ngang ko sau, cc mi

ni hp long c ti ch, lp ph bn trn kt cu hoc t hp cc iu .
5.14.4.3.3b. Thit k

Cc mt cu c cc mi ni truyn lc ct un cn c m hnh theo cc tm lin tc, tr cch m

phng php thit k theo kinh nghim ca iu 9.7.2 khng c dng. Cc mi ni phi c thit
k nh l cc b phn chu un, bng cch tho mn quy nh ca iu 5.14.1.2.8.
5.14.4.3.3c. S ko sau

S ko sau theo phng ngang phi c phn b u n theo phng dc. Cc khi nh ra ngoi c
th c s dng vic ni cc ng bc ko sau d dng. Chiu cao chu nn ca mi ni phi khng
c nh hn 175 mm, v d ng lc sau ton b cc tn tht khng c nh hn 1,7 MPa trong
mi ni.
5.14.4.3.3d. Cc mi ni thi cng theo phng dc

Phi s dng quy nh ca iu 5.14.1.2.8.

5.14.4.3.3e. Mi ni hp long c ti ch

B tng dng trong mi ni hp long nn c cng c th so snh c vi cng ca cc b

phn c sn. Chiu rng ca mi ni dc phi ln t c ct thp trong mi ni, nhng trong
bt k trng hp no chiu rng mi ni khng c nh hn 300 mm.
5.14.4.3.3f. Lp ph mt trn kt cu
Nu s dng lp ph mt trn kt cu ci thin s phn b ti trng c quy nh theo cc
iu 4.6.2.2.2 v 4.6.2.2.3 chiu dy ca lp ph mt btng kt cu khng c nh hn 115
mm. Phi b tr mt lp li ct thp ng hng ph hp vi cc yu cu ca iu 5.10.8. Mt
nh ca cc cu kin c sn phi c x l nhm.
5.14.5. Cc quy nh ph thm i vi cng

273

Tiu chun thit k cu

5.14.5.1. Tng qut

Cc kha cnh t - kt cu ca vic thit k cng c quy nh trong Phn 12.

5.14.5.2. Thit k theo un

Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 5.7.

5.14.5.3. Thit k theo lc ct trong cc bn ca cng hp

p dng cc quy nh ca iu 5.8 tr s thay i y. i vi cc bn ca cng hp di 600 mm
t p hoc nhiu hn, cng chng ct Vc c th c tnh theo:

A Vd
Vc = 0,178 f c + 32 s u e
bd e M u

bd e

nhng Vc khng c vt qu 0,332

(5.14.5.3-1)

fc bde.

y :
As

din tch ct thp (mm2)

de

chiu cao hu hiu tnh t th chu nn ngoi cng ti trng tm lc ko trong ct

thp chu ko (mm).

Vu

lc ct do cc ti trng tnh ton (N).

Mu

mmen do cc ti trng tnh ton (N-mm)

chiu rng thit k thng c ly bng 1 (mm)

Ch vi cc cng hp mt l, Vc i vi cc bn lin khi vi cc tng khng cn ly nh hn

0,25 fc bde v Vc vi cc bn c gin n khng cn ly nh hn 0,207 fc bde. Lng Vude / Mu
khng c ly ln hn 1,0 ni Mu l m men tnh ton xy ra ng thi vi Vu ti mt ct xem xt.
Vi cc bn cng hp di t hn 600 mm t p v vi cc tng bn, phi p dng cc quy nh ca
cc iu 5.8 v 5.13.3.6.

Tiu chun thit k cu

268

Phn 6 - Kt cu thp
6.1. Phm vi
Phn ny bao gm vic thit k cc cu kin, cc mi ni v cc lin kt bng thp dng cho cc kt cu
dm cn v dm t hp, cc khung, gin v vm, cc h dy vng v h dy vng, v cc h mt cu kim
loi khi c th p dng c.
Cc kt cu dm cong khng c bao gm y.
6.2. Cc nh ngha
M cu Kt cu bn di mt u ca kt cu nhp cu.
Dm - Mt b phn kt cu m chc nng chnh l truyn cc ti trng xung tr, ch yu qua chu un v
chu ct. Ni chung, thut ng ny c s dng ch cu kin c lm bng cc thp hnh cn.
Ph hoi do ct khi - S ph hng mt lin kt bn bn bng bng bulng ca cc dm ua ra hoc s
ph hng mt lin kt bt k chu ko m b x rch mt phn ca mt tm bn dc theo chu vi ca cc
bulng lin kt.
Lin kt bulng - Bulng, ai c v vng m.
Cu kin lin kt tng cng (cn gi l ging ngang) - Mt b phn nhm lin kt tng cng
phn chnh hoc mt phn ca b phn chnh, chng li s chuyn ng nm ngang.

Yu cu va p ca rnh ch V charpy - Nng lng ti thiu yu cu c hp th trong th nghim

rnh ch V charpy c tin hnh mt nhit quy nh.
Th nghim rnh ch V Charpy - Th nghim va p tun theo AASHTO T243 (ASTM A673M).
Khong cch trng gia cc bulng - Khong cch gia cc mp ca cc l bulng k nhau.
Khong cch trng bn ngoi ca cc bulng - Khong cch gia mp ca l bulng v u ca b phn.
Ti trng ph hng - Ti trng m mt b phn kt cu hoc kt cu c th chu c ng trc khi s
ph hng tr nn r rng.
Tit din c chc - Mt tit din c kh nng pht trin s phn b ng sut do hon ton trong chu
un. Kh nng xoay yu cu tun theo cc gi thit phn tch c s dng trong cc iu khc nhau
ca phn ny c quy nh bng tha mn mnh khc nhau ca bn cnh v bn bn bng v cc yu
cu lin kt tng cng.
Thnh phn - Mt phn cu thnh ca kt cu.
Dm lin hp - Mt dm thp c lin kt vo bn mt cu cho chng cng lm vic di cc tc
ng lc nh l mt kt cu nguyn th.
Ct lin hp - Mt b phn kt cu chu nn bao gm hoc cc thp hnh kt cu c bc bng b tng,
hoc mt ng thp c c y b tng, c thit k lm vic di cc tc ng lc nh l mt
nguyn th.

Tiu chun thit k cu

269
Ngng mi vi bin khng i - Bin ng sut danh nh m di n th mt chi tit ring bit
c th chu ng mt s v hn cc tc ng lp li m khng b ph hy do mi.
Khung ngang - Mt khung gin ngang lin kt cc thnh phn chu un dc k nhau.
Gin cu chy trn - H gin trong ng xe chy ti hoc bn trn mc ca m trn ca gin.
Phn loi chi tit - Nhm cc thnh phn v cc chi tit v c bn c cng mt sc khng mi.
Vch ngn - Mt thnh phn ngang chu un lin kt cc thnh phn chu un theo phng dc k nhau.
mi do vn mo - Cc tc ng mi do cc ng sut ph thng khng c nh lng trong phn
tch v thit k in hnh ca cu.
C ly mp ca cc bulng - Khong cch thng gc vi ng lc gia tm ca l v mp ca

cu

kin.
C ly u ca cc bulng - Khong cch dc theo ng lc gia tm ca l v u ca cu kin.
Khoang bin- on u ca gin hoc dm.
Thanh c tai treo - B phn chu ko vi tit din hnh ch nht v hai u c m rng lin

kt

cht.
Mi - S bt u v/hoc s lan truyn cc vt nt do s bin i lp li ca ng sut php truyn vi
thnh phn chu ko.
Tui th mi thit k - S nm m mt chi tit d kin chu c cc ti trng giao thng gi nh m
khng pht sinh nt do mi. Trong pht trin ca Quy trnh ny ly l 100 nm.
Tui th mi - S chu k ng sut lp li dn n s ph hng do mi ca chi tit.
Sc khng mi - Bin ng sut cc i c th chu c m khng ph hng chi tit i vi s chu k
quy nh.
Tui th mi hu hn - S chu k ti s ph hng chi tit khi bin ng sut c kh nng xy ra cc
i vt qu gii hn mi vi bin khng i.
dai ph hy - S o kh nng ca vt liu hoc cu kin kt cu hp th nng lng m khng b ph
hoi, thng thng c xc nh bng th nghim rnh ch V charpy.

Tiu chun thit k cu

270
FCM - Cu kin ti hn mi t gy - Cu kin chu ko m s ph hng c d kin l do hoc s
sp cu, hoc do cu khng cn c kh nng thc hin chc nng ca n.
Chun o ca bulng - Khong cch gia cc ng k ca bulng; khong cch t lng ca mt thp
gc hoc thp hnh khc n ng th nht ca cc bulng.
Dm t hp - Thnh phn kt cu m chc nng ch yu l chu un v chu ct di tc dng ca ti
trng. Ni chung, thut ng ny c s dng cho cc mt ct c ch to (t hp).
Chiu di thn bulng - Khong cch gia ai c v u bulng.
Bn tip im (Bn nt)- Bn thp c dng lin kt cc thanh ng, thanh xin v thanh ngang ca
gin ti tit im khoang gin.
Kt cu nhp gin chy gia- H gin vi ng xe chy t mt cao no gia cc m trn v
m di v n loi tr vic s dng h lin kt ngang bin trn.
Dm lai (Dm kt hp) - Dm thp c ch to vi bn bn bng c cng chy do ti thiu quy
nh thp hn ca mt hoc c hai bn cnh.
Tc ng phi n hi- iu kin trong s bin dng khng hon ton hi phc lc d b ti trng
gy ra bin dng .
S phn b li phi n hi - S phn b li cc hiu ng lc trong mt thnh phn hoc kt cu do cc
bin dng phi n hi gy ra ti mt hoc nhiu mt ct.
Khoang bn trong - Phn pha bn trong ca mt thnh phn gin hoc dm.
Ging lin kt - Cc tm hoc thanh lin kt cc thnh phn ca mt b phn.
Thnh phn tng cng ngang (Ging lin kt ngang) - Thnh phn c s dng ring l hoc nh l
mt phn ca h tng cng ngang ngn nga s mt n nh khi un dc ca cc thnh phn v/hoc
chu ti trng nm ngang.
S on do xon ngang - S mt n nh khi un dc ca mt cu kin ko theo vng ngang v xon.
Lp khung - Phn ca khung cng bao gm mt b phn nm ngang v cc ct gia b phn v
chn ca khung hoc b phn nm ngang tip sau thp hn.
ng truyn ti trng - Chui cc thnh phn v cc mi ghp qua ti trng c truyn t im
gc ti im n ca n.
Mi do ti trng gy ra - Cc tc dng mi do cc ng sut phng m cc thnh phn v cc chi tit
c thit k r rng.
Mi hn chu ti dc - Mi hn vi ng sut t song song vi trc dc ca mi hn.
B phn chnh - Bt c b phn no c thit k chu c cc ti trng t ln kt cu.
ng sut ko thc - Tng i s ca hai hoc nhiu ng sut trong s tng l ko.

Tiu chun thit k cu

271
Mt ct khng c chc - Mt ct c th pht trin cng chy do trong cc cu kin chu nn trc
lc bt u s mt n nh un dc cc b, nhng khng th chng li s mt n nh un dc cc b phi
n hi cc mc ng bin c yu cu i vi s phn b ng sut do hon ton.
Bn mt cu trc hng (hoc Mt cu bn trc hng)- Mt cu lm bng thp tm c tng cng
bng cc sn thp h hoc kn mt di ca tm thp.
vng di hn - Loi tc ng phi n hi trong vng cn lu li mt thnh phn hoc mt h
sau khi ti trng c d b.
Bc bulng - Khong cch dc theo ng lc gia cc tm ca cc l k nhau.
Tm - Sn phm cn phng m b dy ln hn 6,0mm.
Khung cng - Ging lin kt ngang gin u hoc ging Vierendeel to s n nh v chu cc ti
trng gi v ng t.
Mmen phn phi li - Ni mmen do s chy do gy ra trong thnh phn chu un ca nhp lin tc
v c gi cn bng bi cc phn lc ngoi.
S phn phi li cc mmen - Qu trnh do s hnh thnh cc bin dng phi n hi trong cc kt cu
lin tc.
ng sut phn phi li - ng sut un do bi mmen phn phi li.
Tnh d - Cht lng ca cu lm cho c kh nng thc hin chc nng thit k trong trng thi
b h hi.
B phn d - B phn m s h hng ca n khng gy ra s h hng cu.
Tui th mi yu cu - Tch ca s giao thng xe ti chy trung bnh hng ngy trn mt ln n nhn
vi s chu k mi lt xe ti chy qua v tui th thit k tnh bng ngy.
Cu kin ph - B phn khng c thit k chu cc ti trng c bn.
L - Sn phm cn phng m b dy t 0,15mm v 6,0mm.
Xon St. Venant - Mmen xon gy ra cc ng sut ct thun ty trn mt ct ngang hy cn phng.
Bin ng sut - Hiu i s gia cc ng sut cc tr do ti trng i qua.
Khoang ph - Khoang c bn bn bng c tng cng, c chia ra bi mt hoc nhiu np tng
cng dc.
Lin kt chng lc - Ging lin kt thng ng ngang gia cc b phn gin.
Cc nhp, dm chy di - H dm m ng xe chy cao thp hn bn cnh trn.

Tiu chun thit k cu

272

Cc nhp dm chy di - H gin m ng xe chy t gn m di v c h ngang m trn.

Bn lin kt, bn ni - Bn c s dng lin kt cc thnh phn ca mt cu kin.
Vm c thanh ko - Vm m trong lc y ngang ca sn vm do thanh ging ngang chu.
Mi hn chu ti ngang - Mi hn c t ng sut thng gc vi trc dc ca mi hn.
Mt ct hp kiu mng - Mt ct hnh U khng c bn cnh ni chung.
Vm thc - Vm m trong lc y ngang trong sn vm c truyn xung n mng chn vm.
Chiu di khng c lin kt tng cng ngang - Khong cch gia cc im c thanh tng cng chu
c s mt n nh khi un dc hoc bin dng ang c nghin cu, ni chung, khong cch gia cc
im khoang hoc cc v tr c thanh tng cng.
Xon vnh - Mmen xon gy ra cc ng sut ct v cc ng sut php, v di cc ng sut mt ct
ngang khng cn l phng.
Cng chy - ng sut m ti vt liu biu l mt lch gii hn theo quy nh t tnh t l ca
ng sut vi ng bin.
Mc ng sut chy - ng sut c xc nh trong th nghim ko khi bin dng t 0,005 mm/ mi mm.
6.3. k hiu
A

Ab

Ac
Ad.eff

=
=

ADT
ADTTsl
Af
Afb
Ag
Agn
An
Ane
Ao
Apn

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

Ar

As

Asc

hng s phn loi chi tit cu to, vng c bao bi cc tm bn ca mt mt ct

hnh hp; vng c bao bng cc ng tim ca cc tm bn ca cc cu kin
hnh hp; h s khu nhp (6.6.1.2.6); (6.10.4.2.2a) (6.11.1.2.2)(6.12.2.2.2)
din tch p mt chiu trn tm bn c cht (mm2); din tch mt ct ngang ca
bulng (mm2) (6.8.7.2)(6.13.2.7)
din tch b tng; din tch bn cnh chu nn (mm2) (6.9.5.1) (6.10.5.1.4b)
din tch mt ct ngang hiu dng ca mt cu, bao gm cc sn dc (mm2)
(6.14.3.3.2).
lu lng xe ti trung bnh ngy m da trn tui th thit k (3.6.1.4.2)
ADTT mt ln xe (6.6.1.2.5)
din tch bn cnh truyn ti trng tp trung (mm2) (6.13.7.2)
din tch bn cnh di (mm2)(6.10.5.4.1b)
din tch mt ct ngang th ca cu kin chu nn (mm2) (6.8.2.1)
din tch thc nh nht ca cu kin ngoi chiu di lin kt (mm2)(6.8.2.2)
din tch mt ct ngang thc ca cu kin chu ko (mm2)(6.8.2.1)
din tch thc ca cc cu kin tip nhn ti trng (mm2) (6.8.2.2)
din tch bao bn trong mt ct hp (6.11.2.1.2a)
din tch ca cc cu kin nh ra ca sn tng cng ngoi cc ng hn bn bn
bng vi bn cnh, nhng khng vt qu mp ca bn cnh (mm2) (6.10.8.2.3)
din tch ca ct thp dc (mm2); tng din tch ca thp tng cng bn trong
phm vi chiu rng hiu dng ca bn cnh (mm2) 6.9.5.1) (6.10.7.4.3)
(6.10.5.1.4b)
din tch ca thp hnh cn sn; din tch bn mt din tch sn tng cng
ngang gia hoc tng din tch mt ct ngang th (mm2)
(6.9.4.1)(6.9.5.1)(6.10.3.1.4b)(6.10.8.1.4)
din tch mt ct ngang ca inh neo chu ct (mm2) (6.10.7.4.4c)

Tiu chun thit k cu

273
2
At
= din tch bn cnh chu ko ca mt ct thp (mm ) (6.10.3.1.4b) (6.10.3.3.2)
= tng din tch ca c hai bn cnh thp v ct thp dc bn trong phm vi
Atf
chiu rng bn hu hiu ca mt ct lin hp (mm2) (6.10.4.3.1c)
Atg
= din tch nguyn dc theo mt ct chu ng sut ko trong ct khi (mm2)
(6.13.4)
= din tch tnh dc theo mt ct chu ng sut ko trong ct khi (mm2) (6.13.4)
Atn
Av
= din tch mt ct ca ct thp ngang chn vt nt do ct xin (mm2) (6.12.3.1).
= din tch nguyn dc theo mt ct chu ng sut ct trong ct khi (mm2)
Avg
(6.13.4)
Avn
= din tch thc dc theo mt ct chu ng sut ct trong ct khi (mm2)(6.13.4)
= din tch ca bn bn bng ca mt ct thp (mm2)(6.10.3.1.4b)
Aw
a
= khong cch t tm ca bulng n mp ca tm (mm); khong cch tm n
tm gia cc bn cnh ca cc hp k nhau trong mt ct nhiu hp (mm)
(6.13.2.10.4)(6.11.1.1.1)
B
= hng s lin quan n din tch theo yu cu ca cc np tng cng ngang
(6.10.8.1.4)
= sc khng p mt (N) (6.10.8.2.3)
Br
b
= chiu rng thn ca thanh c tai treo; khong cch t mp ca tm hoc mp ca
l khoan n n im ta hoc khong cch gia cc im ta; khong cch
tnh gia cc tm;chiu rng ca ng hnh ch nht; chiu dy ton b ca mt
ct ngang lin hp ca b tng bc thp hnh trong mt phng un dc; chiu
rng hu hiu ca bn, chiu di ca mp khng c chng ca bn tit
im; chiu rng ca bn cnh gia cc bn bn bng; chiu rng ca cu kin
tm hnh ch nht; khong cch t tim ca bu lng n chn ca mi hn ca
phn lin kt (mm) (6.7.6.3) (6.9.4.2) (6.10.7.4.4b) (6.11.1.2.2) (6.12.2.2.2)
(6.12.2.3.1) (6.13.2.10.4)
bf
= chiu rng ca bn cnh chu nn ca mt ct thp (mm) (6.10.4.1.3)
bfb
= chiu rng bn cnh di (mm) (6.10.5.7.1)
bl
= chiu rng nh ra ca cc np tng cng dc (mm) (6.10.8.1.3) (6.11.3.2.1)
bt
= chiu rng ca bn cnh chu ko, chiu rng nh ra ca sn tng cng ngang
(mm ) (6.10.7.4.4b) (6.10.8.1.2)
= chiu rng ca bn cnh di ca mi mp ca bn cnh gi nh chu cc m
bw
men gi (mm) (6.10.3.5.1).
C
= t s ca ng sut on khi chu ct vi gii hn chy (hoc cng chy) khi
chu ct (6.10.6.4)
= h s iu chnh gradient mmen (6.10.4.2.5a)
Cb
= cc hng s dng cho ct lin hp c quy nh trong Bng 6.9.5.11,
C 1, C 2, C 3
(6.9.5.1.1)
c
= khong cch t tim ca ct thp dc n b mt gn nht ca cu kin trong mt
phng chu un (mm); h s trong vic xc nh bn un (6.11.2.1.3a)
(6.12.2.3.1)(6.12.3.1)
Csteel, C3n, = khong bn cnh tnh t cc trc trung ho ca cc mt ct ca ct thp, b tng
Cn
lin hp di hn v b tng lin hp ngn hn cho n th ngoi cng ca bn
cnh chu nn (mm) (6.10.3.1.4a)
D
= ng knh ngoi ca ng thp trn; chiu cao bn bng; chiu cao ti a ca
khoang ph i vi cc bn bn bng c cc sn tng cng dc; chiu cao
thc t ca tm bn bn bng; ng knh ca cht (mm) (6.9.4.2) (6.10.3.1.4b)
(6.7.6.2.1) (6.10.8.1.3). (mm2)
D

Dc
Dcp

=
=

chiu cao m tm b tng lin hp t ti tr s mmen do l thuyt khi lc ko

cc i trong tm b tng thi im ph hu l thuyt (mm) (6.10.4.2.2a)
(6.10.4.2.2b)
chiu cao ca bn bng chu nn (mm) (6.10.6.3)
chiu cao ca bn bng chu nn m men do (mm) (6.10.3.1.4b)

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274
Dp
= khong cch t nh ca bn ti trc trung ho ca mt ct lin hp m men
do; chiu cao bn bng i vi cc bn bng khng c sn tng cng dc
hoc chiu cao ti a ca khoang ph i vi cc i vi cc sn tng cng
dc (mm) (6.10.4.2.2b) (6.10.8.1.3).
d
= chiu cao ca mt ct thp; ng knh bu lng; kch thc danh nh ca lin kt;
cht ng knh ca inh neo; chiu cao ca cu kin trong mt phng un; chiu
cao ca cu kin trong mt phng ct; ng knh danh nh ca bu lng (mm)
(6.10.4.2.2b) (6.10.4.7.2) (6.12.2.3.1) (6.12.3.1) (6.13.2.9).
db
= chiu cao ca dm trong khung cng (mm) (6.13.7.2)
= chiu cao ca ct trong khung cng (mm) (6.13.7.2)
dc
dn
= khong cch t th ngoi ca bn cnh di n trc trung ho ca mt ct lin
hp tnh i ngn hn (mm) (6.10.4.3.1b)
do
= khong cch ca cc sn tng cng ngang (mm) (6.10.7.3.2)
ds
= chiu cao ca mt ct thp (mm) (6.10.9.1)
E
= m un n hi ca thp (MPa) (6.9.4.1)
Ec
= m un n hi ca b tng (MPa) (6.10.7.4.4c)
FCM
= cu kin t gy gii hn (6.6.2)
Fe
= sc khng nn danh nh ca cc cu kin lin hp (MPa) (6.9.5.1)
= cng phn loi ca kim loi hn (MPa) (6.13.3.2.2b)
Fexx
Fn
= sc khng un danh nh v mt ng sut (MPa) (6.10.4)
Fr
= sc khng un tnh ton v mt ng sut (MPa) (6.10.3.5.2) (6.10.4)
= cng chu ko nh nht quy nh ca thp, ng sut un trong bn cnh
Fu
di do cc ti trng tnh ton khc vi gi; cng chu ko nh nht quy
nh ca neo inh chu ct (MPa) (6.4.1) (6.10.3.5.2) (6.10.7.4.4c) (6.8.2.1).
Fub
= cng chu ko nh nht quy nh ca bu lng (MPa) (6.13.2.7)
Fw
= ng sut un ca cc mp ca bn cnh do ti trng gi tnh ton (MPa)
(6.10.3.5.2)
Fy
= cng chy ca cht; cng chy nh nht quy nh ca thp (MPa)
(6.7.6.2.1) (6.8.7.2) (6.8.2.1)
Fyb
= cng chy nh nht quy nh ca bn cnh di (MPa) (6.10.4.3.1b)
= cng chy nh nht quy nh ca bn cnh chu nn (MPa) (6.10.3.1.4b)
Fyc
Fyce
= cng chy hiu dng ca bn cnh chu nn (MPa) (6.10.10.1.2d)
Fyf
= cng chy nh nht quy nh ca bn cnh; gi tr cao hn trong s cc
cng chy nh nht quy nh ca cc bn cnh (MPa) (6.10.8.2.4b)
(6.10.10.2.3)
Fyr
= cng chy nh nht quy nh ca cc thanh ct thp dc hoc ngang (MPa)
(6.9.5.1) (6.10.3.1.4b)
Fyre
= cng chy hiu dng ca ct thp dc (MPa) (8.10.10.1.2d)
Fys
= cng chy nh nht quy nh ca sn tng cng (MPa) (6.10.8.1.2)
= cng chy nh nht quy nh ca bn cnh chu ko (MPa) (6.10.3.1.4b)
Fyt
Fyte
= cng chy hiu dng ca bn cnh chu ko (MPa) (6.10.10.1.2d)
Fyw
= cng chy nh nht quy nh ca bn bng (MPa) (6.10.6.4) ( 6.10.3.1.4b)
Fywe
fa
fb

=
=
=

fc
fc
fcf

=
=
=

ff

=
=

f fl

cng chy hiu dng ca bn bng (MPa) (6.10.10.1.2d)

ng sut dc trc do cc ti trng tnh ton (MPa) (6.14.4.2)
ng sut ln nht do cc ti trng tnh ton bao gm s khuych i m men
(MPa) (6.14.4.2)
ng sut trong bn cnh chu nn do ti trng tnh ton (MPa) (6.10.2.2)
cng chu nn nh nht quy nh ca b tng (Mpa) (6.9.5.1)
ng sut un n hi trong bn cnh chu nn do ti trng thng xuyn khng
nhn vi h s v hai ln ti trng gy mi tnh ton (MPa) (6.10.6.3)
ng sut bn cnh n hi gy ra do ti trng tnh ton (MPa) (6.10.10.2.2)
gi tr nh hn gia cng chy do nh nht quy nh v ng sut do ti

Tiu chun thit k cu

275
trng tnh ton trong mi bn cnh (MPa) (6.10.4.3.1c)
= ng sut bn cnh phn b li (MPa) (6.10.10.2.2)
ffr
= ng sut dc trc trn ton mt ct mt cu(MPa) (6.10.4.3.3.2)
fg
fsr
= bin ng sut un trong ct thp dc trn tr cu (MPa) (6.10.7.4.3)
= ng sut bn cnh ln nht khoang trong ang xem xt do ti trng tnh ton
fu
(MPa) (6.10.7.3.3b)
fv
= ng sut ct xon ln nht trong bn cnh dm hp (MPa) (6.11.2.1.2a)
= ng sut ct trn ton mt ct mt cu (MPa) (6.14.3.3.2)
fvg
g
= khong cch gia cc ng bu lng (mm) (6.8.3) (6.13.2.6.1c)
H
= chiu cao hu hiu ca ng hn (mm) (6.6.1.2.5)
I
= m men qun tnh ca mt ct lin hp ngn hn trong cc khu vc chu un
dng hoc m men qun tnh ca mt ct lin hp trong cc khu vc chu un
m (mm4) (6.10.7.4.1b)
Il
= m men qun tnh ca sn tng cng dc ly i vi mp tip xc vi bn bn
bng hoc bn cnh (mm4) (6.10.8.1.3)
Is
= m men qun tnh ca sn tng cng dc i vi trc song song vi bn cnh
di v y ca sn tng cng; m men qun tnh sn tng cng sn
vm (mm4) (6.11.2.1.3a) (6.14.4.2)
It
= m men qun tnh ca sn tng cng ngang ly i vi mp tip xc vi bn
bn bng cho cc sn tng cng n, hoc i vi gia chiu dy ca bn bn
bng cho cc cp sn tng cng (mm4) (6.10.8.1.3)
Iy
= m men qun tnh ca mt ct thp i vi trc ng trong mt phng ca bn
bn bng ca n; m men qun tnh i vi trc thng gc vi trc chu un
(mm4) (6.10.2.1) (6.12.2.2.2)
Iyc
= m men qun tnh ca bn cnh chu nn i vi trc thng ng trong mt
phng ca bn bn bng (mm4) (6.10.2.1)
IM
= mc gia tng ca h s ng theo iu 3.6.2
J
= hng s cng chu xon St. Venent (mm4) (6.10.4.2.6a) (6.11.1.2.2)
K
= h s chiu di hiu dng trong mt phng mt n nh khi un dc (6.9.3)
Kh
= h s kch thc l i vi cc lin kt bu lng (6.13.2.8)
Ks
= h s iu kin b mt i vi cc lin kt bu lng (6.13.2.8)
KL/r
= h s mnh (6.9.3)
k
= h s un ct; khong cch t mt pha ngoi ca bn cnh n chn mi hn gc
bn bn bng ca b phn c tng cng; h s mt n nh khi un dc ca tm
nh quy nh trong Bng 6.9.4.2-1 (6.10.7.3.3a) (6.11.2.1.3a) (6.13.7.2) (6.9.4.2)
L
= chiu di nhp; chiu di ca cu kin (mm)
Lb

chiu di khng ging; khong cch n im ging th nht k bn mt ct yu

cu chu cc xoay do (mm) (6.10.4.1.7) (6.10.10.1.1d)

Lc

chiu di ca neo chu ct hnh ch U; khong cch trng gia cc l hoc gia
l v u ca cu kin (mm) (6.10.7.4.4c) ( 6.13.2.9)

Lcp
Lp

=
=

Lr

LE
LFD
LRFD
l
Mc
Mcp

=
=
=
=
=
=

chiu di ca bn tp (mm) ( 6.10.9.1)

di gii hn ging ngang i vi kh nng chu un b khng ch bi s hnh
thnh un do (mm) (6.10.6.4.2.6a)
di gii hn ging ngang i vi kh nng chu un b khng ch bi s mt
n nh khi chu xon ngang phi n hi (mm) (6.10.6.4.2.6a)
hot ti
thit k theo h s ti trng
thit k theo h s ti trng v h s sc khng
chiu di cu kin khng c ging (mm) (6.8.4)
mmen ct do ti trng tnh ton trong khung cng (N.mm) (6.13.7.2)
mmen tnh ton im pha trong xy ra ng thi vi s un dng ln
nht ti mt ct ngang ang nghin cu (N.mm) (6.10.4.2.2a)

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276
Mfb
= mmen dc tnh ton tc dng vo dm ngang (N.mm) (6.14.3.4)
Mf l
= mmen dc tnh ton tc dng ln bn mt cu do bn truyn cc ti trng bnh
xe cho cc dm k bn (N.mm) (6.14.3)
Mft
= mmen ngang tnh ton tc dng ln bn mt cu do bn truyn ti trng bnh
xe cho cc sn dc k bn (N.mm) (6.14.3.4)
Mh
= mmen tnh ton khp do chu cc chuyn v xoay do cn thit to thnh
mt c cu ((N.mm) (6.10.11.1.1d) (6.10.10.1.2b)
Ml
= mmen c gi tr thp hn do ti trng tnh ton mt trong hai u ca chiu
di khng c ging (N.mm) (6.10.4.1.7)
Mmax
= sc khng un ln nht (N.mm) (6.10.11.2.4d)
Mn
= sc khng un danh nh (N.mm) (6.10.4) (6.10.4.2.3)
Mnp
= sc khng un danh nh im pha trong (N.mm) (6.10.4.2.2a)
Mp
= sc khng mmen do (N.mm) (6.10.5.1.3) (6.10.4.2.2a)
Mpe
= sc khng mmen do hiu dng (N.mm) (6.10.10.1.2b)
Mps
= sc khng mmen do ca mt ct thp ca cu kin c bc btng (N.mm)
(6.12.2.3.1)
Mr
= sc khng un tnh ton (N.mm) (6.10.4) (6.10.9.2.1)
Mrb
= sc khng mmen tnh ton ca dm ngang (N.mm) (6.14.3.4)
Mrr
= sc khng mmen tnh ton ca sn dc (N.mm) (6.14.3.3.2)
Mrt
= sc khng mmen tnh ton ca bn mt cu truyn cc ti trng bnh xe cho
cc sn k bn (N.mm) (6.14.3.4)
Mrx, Mry
= sc khng un tnh ton theo hng X v Y tng ng (N.mm) (6.8.2.3)
(6.9.2.2)
Mu
= mmen un tnh ton, mmen khoang ln nht do cc ti trng tnh ton
(N.mm) (6.10.9.2.1) ( 6.7.6.2.1) (6.10.7.3.3a)
Mur
= mmen un cc b tnh ton trong sn dc bn trc hng (N.mm) (6.14.3.3.2)
Mux,
Muy
Mw

My

Myc

Myr

N
NDT
Ns
n

=
=
=
=

nAc

Ph

Pl

Pn

Pnu
Pny

=
=

cc mmen un do cc ti trng tnh ton trong hng X hoc y tng ng

(N.mm) (6.8.2.3) (6.9.2.2)
mmen ngang ln nht trong bn cnh di do ti trng gi tnh ton (N.mm)
(6.10.3.7.4)
sc khng mmen chy; mmen chy khi s chy bn bng khng c xt n
(N.mm) (6.10.4.2-1) (6.10.4.3.1c)
sc khng mmen chy ca mt ct lin hp ca b phn c bc btng
(N.mm) (6.12.2.3.1)
mmen khng khi chy khi s chy ca bn bng c tnh n (N.mm)
(6.10.4.3.1c)
s chu k ca bin ng sut (6.6.1.2.5)
th nghim khng ph hoi
s cc mt phng ct; s cc mt phng trt mi bulng (6.13.2.7)(6.13.2.8)
s chu k cho mt lt xe ti qua; t s mun n hi ca thp i vi mun
n hi ca btng; s lng cc neo chu ct trong mt ct ngang hoc s lng
cc neo chu ct yu cu gia mt ct ca mmen dng ln nht v im k
ca mmen 0,0 hoc gia tr v im k ca mmen 0,0; s lng cc sn
tng cng dc; s lng bulng (6.6.1.2.5) (6.9.5.1) (6.10.3.1.1b) (6.10.7.4.1b)
(6.11.2.3a)
s lng cc neo b xung thm yu cu trong cc vng ca cc im un tnh ti
i vi cc mt ct khng lin hp trong cc vng un m (6.10.7.4.3)
lc trong bn cnh chu nn im c ging c gi tr mmen cao hn do
ti trng tnh ton (N) (6.10.4.2.5a)
lc trong bn cnh chu nn im c ging c gi tr mmen thp hn do
ti trng tnh ton (N) (6.10.4.2.5a)
sc khng danh nh, sc khng p mt danh nh, sc khng nn danh nh (N)
(6.8.7.2) (6.9.2.1)
sc khng ko danh nh i vi s t gy trong mt ct thc (N) (6.8.2.1)
sc khng ko danh nh i vi s chy do trong mt ct th (N)(6.8.2.1)

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277
Pr
= sc khng ko hoc nn dc trc tnh ton; sc khng p mt tnh ton trn cc
bn c inh; sc khng ko danh nh ca mt cu, c xt chiu rng hiu dng
ca mt cu (N)(6.8.2.1) (6.8.2.3) (6.8.7.2) (6.9.2) (6.14.3.3.2)
=
lc ko bulng ti thiu yu cu (N) (6.13.2.8)
Pt
= lc dc trc tnh ton tc dng; lc ko trc tip hoc lc ct mi bulng do ti
Pu
trng tnh ton; lc trong sn trc hng (N) (6.9.2.2) (6.13.2.10.4) (6.8.2.3)
(6.13.2.11) (6.14.3.3.2)
p
= khong cch u ca cc neo chu ct dc theo trc dc (mm) (6.10.7.4.1b)
Q
= mmen th nht ca din tch bn tnh i ngn hn i vi trc trung ho c
mt ct lin hp ngn hn trong cc vng un dng, hoc mmen th nht ca
din tch ct thp dc i vi trc trung ho ca mt ct lin hp trong cc vng
un m (mm3) (6.10.7.4.1b)
Qfl
= t s ca kh nng chng on ca bn cnh vi cng chy ca bn cnh
(6.10.4.2- 3)
Qn
= cng ct danh nh ca mt neo chu ct (N) (6.10.7.4.4)
Qp
= mnh ca bn cnh v bn bng chu nn t ti sc khng un M
(6.10.4.2.3)
Qr
= cc sc khng tnh ton ca cc neo chu ct (N) (6.10.7.4.4)
Qu
= lc ko nh u ca mi bulng do ti trng tnh ton (N) (6.13.2.10.4)
R
= s xoay do (MRADS); h s tng tc vi ct (6.10.10.2.4d) (6.10.7.3.3a)
Rb.Rh
= cc h s gim ng sut bn cnh (6.10.4.3)
Rn
= sc khng danh nh ca bulng lin kt hoc vt liu c lin kt (N) hoc
(MPa) ( 6.13.2.2) (6.13.2.9)
(RPB)r
= sc khng p ca mt cht (N) (6.7.6.2.2)
Rr
= sc khng tnh ton ca lin kt bulng hoc hn trng thi gii hn cng
(N) hoc (MPa) (6.13.2.2) (6.13.3.2)
Rs
= sc khng ct danh nh ca bulng trong ct v ko kt hp (N) (6.13.2.11)
r
= bn knh hi chuyn nh nht , bn knh hi chuynca np tng cng dc i
vi mp tip xc bung (mm) (6.10.8.3.3) (GSA)
rs
= bn knh hi chuyn ca thp hnh kt cu, ng hoc h ng i vi mt phng
un dc (mm) (6.9.4.1) ( 6.9.5.1)
rt

ry

S
SXC

=
=

s
T
Tn
Tu
t

=
=
=
=
=

tb

tc
tf

=
=

i vi mt ct lin hp bn knh hi chuyn ca mt ct tnh i gm bn cnh

chu nn ca mt ct thp cng vi mt phn ba chiu cao ca bn bng chu nn,
i vi trc thng ng. i vi mt ct khng lin hp bn knh hi chuyn ca
bn cnh chu nn i vi trc thng ng (mm) (6.10.4.2.5a) (6.10.4.1.9)
bn knh hi chuyn nh nht ca mt ct thp i vi trc thng ng trong
mt phng ca bn bng gia cc im ging (mm) (6.10.4.1.7)
mun mt ct n hi ca mt ct (mm3) (6.12.2.2.2)
mdun mt ct cu bn cnh chu nn i vi trc chnh nm ngang ca mt ct
(mm3) (6.10.4.2.6a)
bc ca cc l; khong cch dc ca ct thp ngang (mm) (6.8.3) (6.12.3.1)
mmem xon trong do cc ti trng tnh ton (N.mm) (6.11.2.1.2a)
sc khng ko danh nh ca bulng (N) (6.12.2.10.2) (6.13.2.11)
lc ko mi bulng do t hp ti trng s dng (N) (6.13.2.11)
chiu dy bn (mm); chiu dy ng (mm) ; chiu dy ca bn bn ngoi mng
hn hoc thp hnh (mm) (6.7.6.2.2) (6.9.4.2) (6.13.2.6.2)
chiu dy bn cnh chu nn; chiu dy ca bn cnh truyn lc tp trung (mm)
(6.10.7.4.4b) ( 6.13.7.2)
chiu dy ca bn cnh ca cu kin cn c tng cng (mm) (6.13.7.2)
chiu dy bn cnh chu nn (mm); Chiu dy bn cnh ca neo chu ct U

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278
(mm) (6.10.4.1.3) (6.10.7.4.4c)
tfb
= chiu dy bn cnh di (mm) (6.10.3.5.1)
th
= chiu dy ca nch bn btng trn bn cnh trn ca dm thp (mm)
(6.10.A22b)
tp
= chiu dy ca bn t ti phng ngang; Chiu dy ca phn nh ra ca sn tng
cng; Chiu dy ca sn tng cng (mm) (6.6.1.2.5) (6.10.6.1.2) (6.11.3.2.1)
ts
= chiu dy ca bn btng; Chiu dy ca bn sn tng cng (mm)
(6.10.4.2.2b) ( 6.10.8.3.2)
tt
= chiu dy ca bn cnh chu ko ca mt ct thp (mm) (6.10.7.4.4b)
tw
= chiu dy bn bng ca neo chu ct hnh : (mm); Chiu dy bn bng ca neo
chu ct hnh U (mm) (6.12.3.2.1) (6.10.7.4.4c)
U
= h s chit gim i vi tr trt, (yu trt) (6.8.2.1)
V
= lc ct ph thm i vi cc bn khoan l (N) (6.9.4.3.2)
Vh
= tng lc ct nm ngang do cc neo chng chu ct (N) (6.10.7.4.4b)
Vn
= sc khng ct danh nh (N) (6.10.7.1)
Vp
= kh nng chu ct do (N) (6.10.7.2)
Vr
= sc khng ct tnh ton (N) (6.10.7.1)
Vsr
= bin lc ct (N) (6.10.7.4.1b)
Vu
= lc ct do ti trng tnh ton (N) (6.7.6.2.1)(6.10.8.1.4)
Vui
= lc ct do cc ti trng tnh ton trn mt bung nghing (N) (6.11.2.2.1)
= ng sut ct do hot ti (N); lc ct trong bn bng ca mt ct ng nht vi cc np
Vcf
tng cng ngang v c hoc khng c cc np tng cng dc (N) (6.10.4.4)
W
= chiu rng ca bn cnh gia cc np tng cng dc hoc khong cch t bn
bn bng n np tng cng dc gn nht (mm) ; khong cch tim n tim gia
cc bn cnh ca mt ct hp (mm) (6.11.3.2.1) (6.11.1.1.1)
Z
= mun do ca mt ct (mm3) (6.12.2.3.1)
Zr
= cng mi chng ct ca neo chu ct (N) (6.10.7.4.3)
Y
= h s ti trng quy nh trong Bng 3.4.1.1 (6.6.1.2.2)
= tc ng lc, bin ng sut hot ti do s i qua ca ti trng mi (MPa)
(f)
(6.6.1.2.2)
= sc chu mi danh nh i vi chi tit loi C (Mpa) (6.6.1.2.5)
(f)cn
(f)n
= sc chu mi danh nh (MPa) (6.6.1.2.2) (6.6.1.2.5)
(FTH)
= ngng mi bin khng i (MPa) (6.6.1.2.5)

= h s mnh ca ct tiu chun ho (6.9.5.1) (6.9.4.1)

b
= h s lin quan n t s b/t (6.10.4.3.2)

= gc nghing ca bn bng i vi mt phng thng ng () (6.11.2.2.1)

b
= h s sc khng i vi p mt (6.5.4.2)
bb
= h s sc khng i vi cc bulng p mt trn vt liu (6.5.4.2)
bc
= h s sc khng i vi ct khi (6.5.4.2)
c
= h s sc khng i vi nn (6.5.4.2)
e1
= h s sc khng i vi ct trong kim loi hn trong cc ng hn ngu hon
ton trc giao vi trc ca ng hn ngu khng hon ton (6.5.4.2)
e2
= h s sc khng i vi kim loi hn ca cc ng hn ngu khng hon ton
(6.5.4.2)
f
= h s sc khng i vi un (6.5.4.2)
s
= h s sc khng i vi ct trong cc bulng (6.5.4.2)
sc
= h s sc khng i vi cc neo chu ct (6.5.4.2)
t
= h s sc khng i vi ko trong cc bulng cng cao (6.5.4.2)
u
= h s sc khng i vi t gy ca cc cu kin chu ko (6.5.4.2)
v
= h s sc khng i vi ct (6.5.4.2)
w
= h s sc khng i vi ct trong cc ng hn (6.5.4.2)
y
= h s sc khng i vi chy ca cc cu kin chu ko (6.5.4.2)
6.4. vt liu

Tiu chun thit k cu

6.4.1. Cc loi thp kt cu

279

Cc loi thp kt cu phi tun theo cc yu cu, quy nh trong Bng 1 v thit k phi cn c trn cc
tnh cht ti thiu c nu.
Mun n hi v h s gin n nhit ca tt c cc cp ca thp kt cu phi gi nh l 200.000 MPa v
11,7x10-6 mm/mm/ oC.
Thp theo AASHTO M270M, cp 250, (ASTM A709M, cp 250) c th c s dng vi cc chiu dy
trn 100 mm cho cc ng dng khng phi l kt cu hoc cc b phn ca h gi ta.
Cc thp hnh kt cu hp kim ti v ram v ng ng khng hn vi cng ko ti a quy nh
khng vt qu 965 MPa i vi cc thp hnh kt cu, hoc 1000 MPa i vi ng ng khng hn, c
th c s dng, min l:

Vt liu p ng tt c cc yu cu c - ha khc ca ASTM A709M, cp 690 hoc 690 W, v

Thit k c cn c trn cc c tnh ti thiu quy nh i vi thp ASTM A709M, cc cp 690 v

690 W

ng ng kt cu phi c hn to hnh ngui hoc ng khng hn tun theo ASTM A500, cp B, hoc
hn to hnh nng hoc ng khng hn tun theo ASTM A501.
Cc gii hn chiu dy lin quan n cc thp hnh cn v cc nhm phi tun theo ASTM A6M
(AASHTO M160).

280
cng

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 6.4.1.1 - Cc c tnh c hc ti thiu ca thp kt cu theo hnh dng,
v chiu dy

K hiu AASHTO

K hiu ASTM
tng ng
Chiu dy ca cc
bn, mm
Thp hnh
Cng chu ko
nh nht, Fu, MPa
im chy nh nht
hoc cng chy
nh nht Fy, MPa

Thp kt
cu

Thp hp kim thp

cng cao

Thp hp
kim thp
ti v ram

Thp hp kim ti &

ram, cng chy
do cao

M270M

M270M

M270M

M270M

M270M

Cp 250
A 709M
Cp 250

Cp 345
A 709M
Cp 345

Cp 345W
A 709M
Cp 345W

Cp 485W
A 709M
Cp 485W

Ti 100

Ti 100

Ti 100

Ti 100

Tt c
cc nhm

Tt c cc
nhm

Tt c cc
nhm

Khng
p dng

Cc cp 690/690 W
A 709M
Cc cp 690/690 W
Trn 65
Ti 65
n 100
Khng
Khng
p dng
p dng

400

450

485

620

760

690

250

345

345

485

690

620

6.4.2. Cht, con ln v con lc

Thp cho cc cht, con ln v con lc phi tun theo cc yu cu ca Bng 1, Bng 6.4.1.1 hoc
6.4.7.

iu

Cc con ln phi c ng knh khng nh hn 100 mm.

Bng 6.4.2-1 - Cc c tnh c hc ti thiu ca cc cht, cc con ln

cc con lc theo kch thc v cng

K hiu AASHTO
vi cc gii hn
kch thc

M169 ng
knh 100mm
hoc nh hn

M102 n
ng knh
500 mm

M102 n
ng knh
500 mm

M102 n
ng knh
250 mm

M102 n
ng knh
500 mm

K hiu ASTM,
cp hoc hng

A108
Cc cp 1016
n 1030

A668
Hng C

A668
Hng D

A668
Hng F

A668
Hng G

250

230

260

345

345

im chy nh
nht Fy, MPa

6.4.3. Bulng, ai c v vng m

6.4.3.1. Bulng
Cc bulng phi tun theo mt trong cc tiu chun sau y:

Tiu chun k thut i vi cc bulng v inh tn thp cacbon, cng chu ko 420 MPa, ASTM
A307

Tiu chun k thut i vi cc bulng cng cao cho cc lin kt thp kt cu vi cng ko
ti thiu 830MPa i vi cc ng knh t 16mm ti 27mm v 725MPa i vi cc ng knh t
30mm ti 36mm, AASHTO M164M (ASTM A325M), hoc

Tiu chun k thut i vi cc bulng cng cao, cc hng 10.9 v 10.9.3 cho cc lin kt thp
kt cu, AASHTO M253M (ASTM A490M).

Tiu chun thit k cu

281
Cc bulng loi 1 nn s dng vi cc thp khc vi thp c s l chng n mn. Cc bulng loi 3 tun
theo ASTM A325M hoc ASTM A490M phi c s dng vi cc thp c s l chng n mn.
AASHTO M164 (ASTM A325M), loi 1, cc bulng c th hoc trng km nhng nng ph hp vi
AASHTO M232 (ASTM A153), Hng C, hoc trng km bng c hc ph hp AASHTO M298 (ASTM
B695), Hng 345 (50). Cc bulng trng km phi c th nghim ko sau khi trng km, nh AASHTO
M164 (ASTM A325M) yu cu.
Cc bulng AASHTO M253M (ASTM A490M) khng c trng km.
Cc vng m, ai c v bulng ca bt c lin kt no phi c trng km theo cng phng php. Cc
ai c cn c ph ln nhau ti s lng ti thiu yu cu i vi lp ghp linh kin lin kt, v phi
c bi trn bng du nhn c mu sc trng thy c.

6.4.3.2. ai c
Tr ch thch di, cc ai c cho cc bulng AASHTO M164M (ASTM A325M) phi tun theo tiu
chun k thut i vi cc ai c thp ccbon v hp kim, AASHTO M291M (ASTM A563M), cc cp
12, 10S3, 8S, 8S3, 10 v 10S hoc tiu chun k thut i vi cc ai c thp ccbon v hp kim cho cc
bulng lm vic di p sut cao v nhit cao, AASHTO M292M (ASTM A194M), cc cp 2 v 2H.
Cc ai c cho bulng ca AASHTO M253M (ASTM A490M) phi tun theo cc yu cu ca AASHTO
M291M (ASTM A563M) cc cp 12 v 10S3 hoc AASHTO M292M (ASTM A194M) cp 2H.
Cc ai c trng km phi c x l nhit, cp 2H, 12 hoc 10S3. Cc quy nh ca iu 6.4.3.1 phi
c p dng.
Cc ai c phi c cng ti thiu l 89HRB.
Cc ai c s dng theo AASHTO M164M (ASTM A325M), cc bulng loi 3 phi l cp C3 hoc DH3.
Cc ai c s dng theo AASHTO M253M (ASTM A490M), cc bulng loi 3 phi l cp DH3.

6.4.3.3. Vng m
Cc vng m phi tun theo tiu chun k thut i vi cc vng m thp ti, ASTM F43 GM).
Cc quy nh ca iu 6.4.3.1 phi c p dng cho cc vng m trng km.

6.4.3.4. Cc linh kin lin kt ty chn

Cc linh kin lin kt khc hoc cc cm linh kin lin kt cho n nay khng c quy nh c th c
s dng ty theo s chp thun ca k s, min l chng p ng cc im sau y:

Cc vt liu, cc yu cu sn xut v thnh phn ha hc ca AASHTO M164M (ASTM A325M)

hoc AASHTO M253M (ASTM A490M),

Cc yu cu c tnh c hc ca cng quy trnh trong cc th nghim theo kch thc thc, v

ng knh thn v cc khu vc p ta di u v ai c, hoc b phn tng ng ca chng,

khng c nh hn cc thng s quy nh cho mt bulng v ai c c cng cc kch thc danh
nh c m t trong cc iu 6.4.3.1 v 6.4.3.2.

Cc linh kin lin kt la chn nh th c th khng ging cc kch thc khc ca bulng, ai c v
vng m quy nh trong cc iu 6.4.3.1 n 6.4.3.3.

Tiu chun thit k cu

282

6.4.3.5. Thit b ch bo ti trng

Cc thit b ch bo ti trng tun theo cc yu cu ca Tiu chun k thut i vi cc ch bo lc cng
trc tip loi vng m c th p c s dng vi cc linh kin lin kt kt cu, ASTM F959M, c th
c s dng cng vi cc bulng, ai c v vng m.
Cc thit b ch bo lc cng trc tip khc c th c s dng ty theo s chp thun ca k s.
6.4.4. inh neo chu ct
Cc inh neo chu ct phi c lm t cc thanh thp ko ngui, cc cp 1015, 1018 hoc 1020, kh mt
phn hoc kh hon ton xy, tun theo AASHTO M169 (ASTM A108) - Tiu chun k thut i vi cc
thanh thp ccbon gia cng ngui, cht lng tiu chun, v phi c gii hn chy nh nht l 345 MPa v
cng chu ko l 400MPa. Nu s nng chy dng gi cc m inh th thp dng cho cc m phi
l cp ccbon thp ph hp vi hn v phi tun theo ASTM A109M - Tiu chun k thut i vi thp,
ccbon, thp l cn ngui.
6.4.5. Kim loi hn
Kim loi hn phi tun theo cc yu cu ca Quy phm Hn cu D1.5 ANSI/AASHTO/AWS.
6.4.6. Kim loi c

6.4.6.1. Thp c v gang do

Thp c phi tun theo mt trong cc tiu chun sau y:

AASHTO M192M - Tiu chun k thut i vi vic c thp cho cu ng b, Hng 485, tr khi
c quy nh khc.

AASHTO M103M (ASTM A27M) - Tiu chun k thut i vi vic c thp ccbon cho ng dng
chung, Cp 485-250, tr khi c quy nh khc.

AASHTO M163M (ASTM A743M) - Tiu chun k thut i vi vic c hp kim da vo gang pha
crom chng n mn, gang pha crom-niken cho ng dng chung, cp CA15, tr khi c quy nh
khc.

Sn phm c bng gang do phi tun theo Tiu chun k thut i vi gang do c, ASTM A536, cp
414-276-18, tr khi c quy nh khc.

6.4.6.2. Cc sn phm c c th rn c
Cc sn phm c c th rn c phi tun theo ASTM A47M, Cp 24118, - Quy trnh i vi cc sn
phm gang ferit c th rn c. Cng chy do nh nht phi khng thp hn 241MPa.

Tiu chun thit k cu

283

6.4.6.3. Gang
Cc sn phm gang phi tun theo AASHTO M105 (ASTM A48M), Hng 30 - Quy trnh i vi cc sn
phm c hp kim xm.
6.4.7. Thp khng g
Thp khng g phi tun theo mt trong cc tiu chun sau y:

ASTM A176- Tiu chun k thut i vi thp tm, thp l v thp di khng g v thp pha crm
chu nhit

ASTM A240M- Tiu chun k thut i vi thp tm, thp l v thp di pha crm chu nhit v
thp khng g, cho cc bnh chu p sut

ASTM A276- Tiu chun k thut i vi thp thanh v thp hnh chu nhit v khng g, hoc

ASTM A666- Tiu chun k thut i vi thp l, thp di, thp tm, thanh dt austenit khng g
cho cc p dng kt cu.

Thp khng g khng tun theo cc Tiu chun lit k trn y c th c s dng min l thp tun
theo cc yu cu c-ha hc ca mt trong cc Tiu chun lit k trn y, hoc cc Tiu chun khc
ban hnh. Cc Tiu chun ny quy nh cc tnh cht v s thch hp, min l thp phi qua cc phn
tch, th nghim v cc kim tra khc cng mc v theo cch m t ca mt trong cc Tiu chun lit
k.
6.4.8. Dy thp

6.4.8.1. Dy thp trn

Dy thp trn phi tun theo ASTM A510M - Tiu chun k thut i vi cc yu cu chung cho cc phi
cn ko dy v dy trn th, thp ccbon.

6.4.8.2. Dy thp trng km

Dy thp trng km phi tun theo ASTM A641M - Tiu chun k thut i vi dy thp ccbon bc km
(trng km).

6.4.8.3. Dy thp bc poxy

Dy thp bc poxy phi tun theo ASTM A99 - Tiu chun k thut i vi dy thp bc poxy.

6.4.8.4. Dy cp cu
Dy cp cu phi tun theo ASTM A586 - Tiu chun k thut i vi dy cp kt cu si thp bc km
song song v xon, hoc ASTM A603 - Tiu chun i vi cp thp kt cu bc km.
6.5. cc trng thi gii hn
6.5.1. Tng qut
c tnh kt cu ca cc b phn c lm t thp hoc thp phi hp vi cc vt liu khc, phi c
iu tra cho tng giai on c th tr nn nguy kch trong khi thi cng, bc xp, vn chuyn v lp rp,
cng nh trong tui th phc v ca kt cu m chng l mt phn.
Cc b phn kt cu phi cn xng tha mn cc yu cu v cc trng thi gii hn cng , c bit,
s dng v mi.

Tiu chun thit k cu

6.5.2. Trng thi gii hn s dng

284

Phi p dng cc quy nh ca cc iu 2.5.2.6 v 6.10.5 khi c th p dng c.

Cc kt cu thp phi tha mn cc yu cu i vi t hp ti trng s dng trong Bng 3.4.1-1 lu Ghi
ch 6.
6.5.3. Trng thi gii hn mi v ph hoi
Cc b phn cu thnh v cc chi tit phi c iu tra v mi nh quy nh trong iu 6.10.6
Phi p dng t hp ti trng mi, quy nh trong Bng 3.4.1-1 v hot ti mi quy nh trong iu
3.6.1.4.
Cc bn bng ca dm bn phi tha mn cc quy nh ca iu 6.10.6.
Phi p dng cc iu khon i vi mi trong cc neo chu ct trong cc iu 6.10.7.4.2 v 6.10.7.4.3
khi c th p dng c.
Cc bulng chu mi do ko phi tha mn cc quy nh ca iu 6.13.2.10.3.
Cc yu cu bn chng t gy phi ph hp vi iu 6.6.2.
6.5.4. Trng thi gii hn cng

6.5.4.1. Tng qut

Cng v n nh phi c xem xt bng s dng cc t hp ti trng cng quy nh trong
Bng 3.4.1-1.

6.5.4.2. H s sc khng
Cc h s sc khng, , i vi trng thi gii hn cng phi ly nh sau:

i vi un ........................................................................................................................... f = 1,00

i vi ct............................................................................................................................. v = 1,00

i vi nn dc trc, ch cho thp ........................................................................................ c = 0,90

i vi nn dc trc, lin hp............................................................................................... c = 0,90

i vi ko, t trong mt ct thc....................................................................................... u = 0,80

i vi ko, chy trong mt ct nguyn ............................................................................... y = 0,95

i vi p mt ta trn cc cht, cc l doa, khoan hoc bt bulng v cc b mt cn ......b = 1,00

i vi cc bulng p mt trn vt liu...... ........................................................................ bb = 0,80

i vi cc neo chu ct....................................................................................................... sc = 0,85

i vi cc bulng A325M v A490M chu ko ................................................................. t = 0,80

i vi cc bulng A307 chu ko....................................................................................... t = 0,80

i vi cc bulng chu ct .................................................................................................s = 0,65

i vi cc bulng A325M v A490M chu ct ...................................................................s = 0,80

i vi ct khi.....................................................................................................................bs= 0,80

i vi kim loi hn trong cc ng hn ngu hon ton:

+ ct trn din tch hu hiu.........................................................................................e1= 0,85
+ ko hoc nn trc giao vi din tch hu hiu........................................... = kim loi nn
+ ko hoc nn song song vi trc ca ng hn....................................... = kim loi nn

i vi kim loi hn trong cc ng hn ngu cc b:

Tiu chun thit k cu

285
+ ct song song vi trc ca ng hn ...................................................................... e2 = 0,80
+ ko hoc nn song song vi trc ca ng hn....................................... = kim loi nn
+ nn trc giao vi din tch hu hiu........................................................... = kim loi nn
+ ko trc giao vi din tch hu hiu......................................................................... e1= 0,80

i vi kim loi hn trong cc mi hn:

+ ko hoc nn song song vi trc ca ng hn..........................................= kim loi nn
+ ct trong chiu cao tnh ton ca kim loi hn......................................................... e2 = 0,80

i vi sc khng trong khi ng cc ................................................................................. e1 = 1,00

6.5.5. Trng thi gii hn c bit

Phi nghin cu tt c cc t hp ti trng c bit c th p dng ghi trong Bng 3.4.1-1.
Tt c cc h s sc khng i vi trng thi gii hn c bit, tr i vi cc bulng, u phi ly bng 1,0
Cc mi lin kt bng bulng khng c bo v bng thit k theo kh nng hoc theo trng thi chy
kt cu c th c gi nh lm vic nh cc lin kt loi ma st trng thi gii hn c bit v phi
dng cc gi tr ca cc h s sc khng i vi cc bulng ni trong iu 6.5.4.2.
6.6. cc xem xt v mi v t gy
6.6.1. Mi

6.6.1.1. Tng qut

mi phi c phn loi hoc do ti trng gy ra hoc do cong vnh gy ra mi.

6.6.1.2. Mi do Ti trng gy ra
6.6.1.2.1. p dng
Tc dng lc xem xt thit k mi ca chi tit cu thp phi l bin ng sut ca hot ti.
Cc ng sut d khng c xt n trong nghin cu mi.
Cc quy nh ny ch p dng cho cc chi tit chu ng sut ko thc. Trong cc vng m cc ti trng
thng xuyn khng c nhn vi h s, gy ra lc nn, th mi ch c xt nu nh ng sut

nn

ny nh hn hai ln ng sut hot ti ko ln nht gy ra t t hp ti trng mi quy nh trong Bng

3.4.1-1.

Tiu chun thit k cu

6.6.1.2.2. Cc tiu ch thit k

286

i vi cc nghin cu mi do ti trng gy ra, mi chi tit phi tha mn:

Y(f) (F)n

(6.6.1.2.2-1)

trong :
Y

h s ti trng quy nh trong Bng 3.4.1-1 i vi t hp ti trng mi

(f)

tc dng lc, phm vi ng sut hot ti do s i qua ca ti trng mi nh quy nh trong

iu 3.6.1.4 (MPa)

(F)n =

sc chu mi danh nh nh quy nh trong iu 6.6.1.2.5 (MPa)

6.6.1.2.3. Phn loi cc chi tit

Cc b phn v cc chi tit vi sc chu mi nh hn hoc bng chi tit loi C phi c thit k tha
mn cc yu cu ca cc loi chi tit tng ng; nh tm tt trong cc Bng 1 v 2, v c cho trong
Hnh 1.

287

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 6.6.1.2.3-1 - Cc loi chi tit i vi ti trng gy ra mi

iu kin
chung

Trng thi

Loi
chi
tit

Th d minh
ha, xem hnh
6.6.1.2.3-1

Kim loi c bn:

Vi cc b mt cn v lm sch. Cc mp ct bng
la vi ANSI/AASHTO/AWS D1.5 (Bn cnh 3.2.2),
nhn 0,025mm hoc thp hn

1,2
A

Cc cu kin
thng
Thp c x l chng n mn khng sn, tt c cc
cp c thit k v cu to theo ng vi FHWA
(1990)

B
E

mt ct thc ca cc u ca thanh c tai treo v

cc bn cht.
Kim loi c bn v kim loi hn trong cc b phn,
khng c cc gn kt ph, c lin kt bng:

Kt cu t
hp

Cc ng hn rnh lin tc ngu hon ton vi cc

thanh m lt ly i, hoc

Cc ng hn lin tc song song vi phng ca

ng sut

Cc ng hn rnh lin tc ngu hon ton vi cc

thanh m lt li, hoc
Cc ng hn rnh lin tc ngu khng hon ton
song song vi phng ca ng sut

3,4,5,7

B
B

Kim loi c bn cc u ca cc bn ph trn mt

phn chiu di:
Vi cc lin kt u bng bulng trt ti hn

22

Hp hn bn cnh, vi c hoc khng c cc mi hn

u, hoc rng hn bn cnh vi cc mi hn u
+ Chiu dy bn cnh 20mm
+ Chiu dy bn cnh > 20mm

Rng hn bn cnh khng c cc mi hn u.

7
E

288

Tiu chun thit k cu

iu kin
chung

Trng thi

Kim loi c bn v kim loi hn cc mi ni i

u hn rnh ngu hon ton:
Ca cc bn c mt ct ngang tng t vi cc
mi hn c lm phng n bn thp nn
Cc lin kt ni
i u ng
hn rnh c
lnh ln mi
hn c kim
sot bng th
nghim khng
ph hoi NDT
v tt c c
mi theo
phng ca cc
ng sut

Loi
chi
tit

Th d minh
ha, xem hnh
6.6.1.2.3.1

B
B

8,10
13

Vi cc chuyn tip bn knh 600mm v chiu

rng vi cc mi hn c lm phng n bn
nn
Vi cc chuyn tip v chiu rng hoc chiu dy
vi cc mi hn phng n bn nn to cc
dc khng dc hn 1,0 n 2,5
+ Cc cp kim loi c bn 690/690W
+ Cc cp kim loi c bn khc

11,12
B
B
C

8,10,11,12

C
D

6,15
15

E
E'

15
15

B
C
D
E

16

16

Vi c hoc khng c cc chuyn tip c cc

dc khng ln hn 1,0 n 2,5, khi ct thp hn
khng c ly i
Kim loi c bn cc chi tit c lin kt bng
cc ng hn rnh ngu hon ton hay khng
hon ton:

Cc chi tit gn
kt ph hn
bng hn rnh,
t ti theo
chiu dc

Khi chiu di chi tit theo phng ca ng sut

tc dng:
+ Nh hn 50 mm
+ Gia 50 mm v 12 ln chiu dy ca chi tit,
nhng nh hn 100 mm
+ Ln hn hoc 12 ln chiu dy ca chi tit,
hoc 100 mm
- chiu dy chi tit < 25 mm
- chiu dy chi tit 25 mm
Vi bn knh chuyn tip vi cc mi hn u
nhn n nn, khng k ti chiu di ca chi tit:
+ Bn knh chuyn tip 600 mm
+ 600 mm>bn knh chuyn tip 150 mm
+ 150mm>bn knh chuyn tip 50 mm
+ Bn knh chuyn tip < 50 mm
Vi bn knh chuyn tip vi cc mi hn u
khng nhn n bn nn

289

Tiu chun thit k cu

iu kin chung

Trng thi

Chi tit

Kim loi c bn cc chi tit c lin kt bng

cc ng hn rnh ngu hon ton vi bn
knh chuyn tip:

Th d
minh ha,
xem hnh
6.6.1.2.3.1
16

Vi chiu dy bn bng nhau v ct hn ly i:

+ Bn knh chuyn tip 600 mm
+ 600 mm> bn knh chuyn tip 150 mm
Cc chi tit gn kt
ph hn bng ng
hn rnh, t ti
theo chiu ngang c
tnh lnh ln mi hn
c kim sot bng
NDT v tt c c
mi ngang theo
hng ng sut

+ 150 mm> bn knh chuyn tip 50 mm

+ Bn knh chuyn tip < 50 mm

B
C
D
E

Vi chiu dy bn bng nhau v ct hn khng

ly i:
+ bn knh chuyn tip 150 mm
+ 150 mm > Bn knh chuyntip 50 mm
+ bn knh chuyn tip < 50 mm

C
D
E

Vi chiu dy bn bng nhau v ct hn khng

ly i:
+ bn knh chuyn tip 50 mm
+ bn knh chuyntip < 50 mm
i vi mi bn knh chuyn tip vi chiu dy
bn khng bng nhau v ct hn khng ly i

D
E
E

Kim loi c bn:

Cc lin kt hn gc
vi ng hn trc
giao vi phng ca
ng sut

Cc lin kt hn gc
vi ng hn trc
giao v/hoc song
song vi phng ca
ng sut

cc chi tit khc vi cc lin kt ca g tng

cng ngang cho bn cnh hoc ca g tng
cng ngang cho bn bn bng

chn ca cc mi hn ca g tng cng

ngang cho bn cnh v g tng cng ngang
cho bn bn bng

ng sut ct trn chiu cao mi hn

Nh hn C
hoc
P/trnh
6.6.1.2.5-3

C'

14

290

Tiu chun thit k cu

Chi tit

Th d minh
ha, xem
hnh
6.6.1.2.3.1

+ nh hn 50 mm hoc cc neo chng ct loi

inh neo

15, 17, 18, 20

+ gia 50 mm v 12 ln chiu dy chi tit,

nhng nh hn 100 mm

15,17

iu kin chung

Trng thi

Kim loi c bn cc chi tit c lin kt bng

cc ng hn gc:

Cc chi tit gn kt
ph hn bng ng
hn gc, t ti theo
chiu dc

Khi chiu di ca chi tit trong phng ca

ng sut l:

+ ln hn hoc 12 ln chiu dy chi tit hoc

100 mm
- chiu dy chi tit < 25mm
- chiu dy chi tit 25mm

7,9,15,17
E
E/

Vi bn knh chuyn tip vi cc mi hn u

nhn n bn nn, khng k ti chiu di ca
chi tit.
+ bn knh chuyn tip 50mm
+ bn knh chuyn tip < 50mm
Vi bn knh chuyn tip vi cc mi hn u
khng nhn n bn nn.
Cc chi tit gn kt
ph hn bng ng
hn gc, t ti theo
chiu ngang, vi cc
ng hn song
song vi phng ca
ng sut chnh

D
E

16

16

Kim loi c bn cc chi tit c lin kt bng

cc ng hn gc:

16

Vi bn knh chuyn tip vi cc mi hn u

nhn n bn mm:
+

bn knh chuyn tip 50 mm

bn knh chuyn tip < 50 mm

Vi mi bn knh chuyn tip vi cc mi hn

u khng nhn n bn nn

D
E
E

Kim loi c bn

21

mt ct nguyn ca cc lin kt ma st
bng bulng cng cao, tr cc mi ni t ti
trng theo trc trong s un ngoi mt phng
c gy ra trong cc vt liu lin kt

mt ct thc ca cc lin kt khng ma st

c bulng cng cao

mt ct thc ca cc lin kt tn inh

Cc lin kt c
gn cht bng c kh

291

Tiu chun thit k cu

iu kin chung

Trng thi

Kim loi c bn mt ct thc ca u thanh c

tai treo hoc bn cht
Thanh c tai treo
hoc cc bn cht

Loi chi
tit

Th d minh
ha, xem
hnh
6.6.1.2.3-1

23,24

Kim loi c bn trong thn thanh c tai treo, hoc

thng qua mt ct th ca bn cht vi:

Cc mt cn hoc nhn

23,24

Cc cnh ct bng la

23,24

292

Tiu chun thit k cu

Hnh 6.6.1.2.3-1 - Cc th d minh ho

Bn knh 600 mm

ng hn rnh
hoc hn gc

iu kin hn

Loi C **
Gt x vch ngn
u vung vut thon
hoc rng hn cnh

Loi

Chiu dy khng bng nhau-Ct hn ti

E
ch
Chiu dy khng bng nhau-Ct hn ly i
D
Chiu dy bng nhau-Ct hn ti ch
C
Chiu dy bng nhau-Ct hn ly i
B
* i vi ti trng ngang-kim tra bn knh chuyn tip v loi
thp hn c kh nng

Loi B
Loi E/ *

R**

Loi

R >610
610 >R >150
150 > R > 50
50 > R
Loi B

Hn
gc
D
D
D
E

Loi B
Loi E*

** cng p dng cho ti

trng ngang

u ca ng hn
(ch cho mt bulng)

Loi E*
trong kim loi c bn)

Hn
rnh
B
C
D
E

Loi B

Loi Figure (trong kim loi hn)

Li E*
(trong kim loi c bn
Din tch mt
ct thc
* u ca ng hn khng c chiu di

Din tch mt
ct thc

Tiu chun thit k cu

293
Bng 6.6.1.2.3-2 - Cc loi chi tit i vi ti trng gy ra mi ca cc mt cu trc hng
Th d minh ho

Chi tit

M t iu kin

Mi ni i u
bn mt cu c
hn ngang

Hn ni i u rnh
n trn tm lt c
nh. Cc ng hn
ca tm lt phi hn
lin tc

Mi ni i u
bn mt cu c
bt bu lng ngang

Trong cc mi ni i
u khng i xng, cc
tc dng ca lch tm
phi c xt trong tnh
ton ng sut

Cc mi ni i
u ca sng
c hn

Cc mi hn rnh kp.
Chiu cao ca li hn
khng c vt qu 20%
ca chiu rng ng hn.
Phi s dng cc di hn
chy v sau ly i, cc
mp bn c lm cho
phng n tn bn nn
phng ca ng sut

Mi ni i
u ca sn
c hn

Hn ni i u rnh
n vi tm lt c nh.
Cc mi hn gc ca
tm lt phi hn lin tc

Mi ni i
u ca sn
c hn
khng c tm
lt

Hn ni i u rnh
n khng c tm lt

Loi chi tit

294

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 6.6.1.2.3-2

Th d minh ho

Chi tit

Giao ct sn vi
dm sn

(tip theo)

M t iu kin

ng sut trc trong

tng sn u
thp hn cu mi
hn sn vo dm
sn

Lin kt bn mt
cu vi dm sn

ng sut bn mt cu
song song vi dm sn
ch ni mt cu vi
dm sn

Bn bng ca
dm sn ni
ct ra

ng sut thng ng
trong bn bng dm
sn ch ct ra ca
dm sn ti chn ca
sn.
f = ng sut trong
bng dm sn do m
men un VHh (MPa)
trong :
VH=V(LL+1) (a+e) Q/I
(N) v I,Q l cc tnh
cht ca mt ct ngang
ca dm sn
Mt ct 1-1

Loi chi tit

295

Tiu chun thit k cu

6.6.1.2.4. Cc chi tit s dng hn ch

Khng c s dng cc ng hn rnh ngu khng hon ton chu ti trng theo chiu ngang th khng
c php s dng tr khi c cho php iu 9.8.3.7.2.
Khng c s dng cc bn lin kt vo cc b mt bn cnh dm ch bng cc ng hn gc ngang.
6.6.1.2.5. Sc khng mi
Tr trng hp quy nh di y, sc khng mi danh nh phi c ly nh sau:
1

1
A 3
(F)TH
(F)n =
2
N

(6.6.1.2.5-1)

N = (365) (100) n (ADTT)SL

(6.6.1.2.5-2)

vi:
trong :
A

hng s ly t Bng 1 (MPa3)

s cc chu k phm vi ng sut i vi mi lt chy qua ca xe ti, ly t Bng2

(ADTT)SL =

ADTT mt ln xe chy nh quy nh trong iu 3.6.1.4

(F)TH

ngng mi bin khng i, ly t Bng 3 (MPa)

Phm vi sc khng mi danh nh i vi kim loi c bn cc chi tit lin kt bng cc ng hn gc

chu ti trng ngang, ni m bn khng lin tc b chu ti, phi c ly nh hn (F)cn v:

0,094 + 1,23
tp
(F)n = (DF )cn

t1/6
p

trong :

(F )c n

sc khng mi danh nh i vi chi tit loi C (MPa)

chiu cao hiu dng ca ng hn gc (mm)

tp

chiu dy ca bn chu ti (mm).

(6.6.1.2.5-3)

296

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 6.6.1.2.5-1 - Hng s loi chi tit, A

Loi chi tit

Hng s A nhn 1011

(MPa3)

82,0

39,3

B'

20,0

14,4

C'

14,4

7,21

3,61

E'

1,28

Bulng M164 M
(A325M) chu ko
dc trc

5,61

Bulng M253 M
(A490M) chu ko
dc trc

10,3

Bng 6.6.1.2.5-2 - Cc chu k i vi mi lt xe ti chy qua, n

Cc cu kin
dc
Cc dm nhp gin n

Chiu di nhp
> 12000 mm

12000 mm

1,0

2,0

1) Gn gi ta pha trong

1,5

2,0

2) ni khc

1,0

2,0

Cc dm lin tc

Cc dm hng

5,0

Cc gin

1,0
Khong cch

Cc cu kin ngang

> 6000 mm

6000 mm

1,0

2,0

297

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 6.6.1.2.5-3 - Gii hn mi - bin khng i

Loi chi tit

Gii hn (MPa)

A
B
B'
C
C'
D
E
E'
Bulng M164M (A325M)
chu ko dc trc
Bulng M253M (A490M)
chu ko dc trc

165
110
82,7
69,0
82,7
48,3
31,0
17,9
214
262

6.6.1.3. Mi do xon vn gy ra (hoc vn mo)

Cc ng truyn ti phi m bo truyn tt c cc lc d kin v khng c d kin phi
c b tr bng cch lin kt tt c cc b phn ngang vo cc thnh phn thch hp. Cc thnh phn ny
bao gm cc mt ct ngang ca b phn dc. Cc ng truyn ti phi c b tr bng cch lin kt cc
thnh phn khc nhau thng qua hn ni hoc bt bulng.
kim tra s on v un n hi ca bn bng, phi tha mn quy nh ca iu 6.10.6.
6.6.1.3.1. Cc bn lin kt ngang

Cc bn lin kt phi c hn hoc bt bulng vo c cc bn cnh chu nn v chu ko ca mt ct

ngang m :

Cc vch ngn hoc cc khung ngang lin kt c gn ni vo cc bn lin kt ngang, hoc cc g

tng cng ngang thc hin chc nng nh cc bn lin kt

Cc vch ngn trong hoc ngoi hoc cc khung ngang c gn ni vo cc bn lin kt ngang,
hoc cc g tng cng ngang thc hin chc nng nh cc bn lin kt, v

Cc dm sn c gn ni vo cc bn lin kt ngang, hoc cc g tng cng ngang thc hin chc

nng nh cc bn ni.

Khi khng c nhiu thng tin hn cn thit k lin kt bng hn hoc bng bulng chu c ti trng
nm ngang 90.000N i vi cc cu thng, khng cho.
6.6.1.3.2. Bn lin kt ngang

Gn ni cc bn lin kt nm ngang vo cc bn cnh l khng thc t, vy cc bn lin kt nm ngang

trn cc bn bng c g tng cng cn c t mt khong cch thng ng khng nh hn mt na
chiu rng ca bn cnh trn hoc di bn cnh. Cc bn lin kt nm ngang gn ni vo cc bn
bng khng c g tng cng cn c t t nht l 150 mm trn hoc di bn cnh, nhng khng
nh hn mt na chiu rng ca bn cnh nh quy nh trn.
Cc u ca cc b phn lin kt nm ngang trn bn lin kt nm ngang phi c gi khong cch ti
thiu l 100 mm k t bn bng v bt k g tng cng ngang no.
nhng ni c g tng cng, th cc bn lin kt nm ngang phi c nh tm trn g tng cng, d
bn ny c cng pha vi g tng cng trn bn bng hay khng. ch no bn lin kt nm ngang

Tiu chun thit k cu

298
cng pha vi g tng cng, th bn phi c gn ni vo g tng cng. Thanh tng cng ngang
v tr no phi c lin tc t bn cnh chu nn n bn cnh chu ko v phi c gn ni vo c hai
bn cnh.
6.6.1.3.3. Mt cu trc hng

Lp bn v chi tit phi tha mn tt c cc yu cu ca iu 9.8.3.7

6.6.2. Ph hoi

Tt c cc b phn chnh v cc lin kt chu cc tc dng lc ko do t hp ti trng theo cng I, nh

quy nh trong Bng 3.4.1-1, v cc b phn khc yu cu dai chng t gy ca rnh ch V Charpy,
phi c ch nh r trn cc bn v hp ng.
Vng nhit thch hp phi c xc nh t nhit nh nht c th s dng c, nh quy nh trong
Bng 1, v phi c ch nh r trong cc ti liu hp ng.
Cc yu cu bn chng t gy phi theo ng vi Bng 2 i vi vng nhit thch hp. Cng
chy phi ly theo gi tr ghi trong Bo co th nghim ca Nh my chng nhn.
Nu cng chy ca M270M AASHTO, cc cp 345/345W (ASTM A709M, cp 345/345W) vt qu
450MPa th nhit th phi gim i 8oC i vi mi lng gia tng 70MPa trn 450 MPa. Nu cng
chy ca M270M AASHTO, cp 485/485W (ASTM A709M, cp 485W) vt qu 585 MPa, th nhit
th phi gim i 8oC i vi mi lng gia tng 70 MPa trn 585 MPa.
M270M AASHTO, cc cp 690/690W (ASTM A709W, cc cp 690/690W) phi p ng cc yu cu ca
Vng 2 xem nh l ti thiu.
K s phi c trch nhim xc nh, nu c, b phn no l b phn nguy kch v t gy FCM. V tr ca
tt c cc FCM phi c m t r rng trn cc bn v hp ng. Vt liu cho cc b phn nguy kch v
t gy hoc cc thnh phn c ch nh l FCM, phi c th nghim ph hp vi T243M AASHTO
(ASTM A673M), tn s P. Ch ring i vi Vng 3, cc th nghim phi c thc hin trn mi u ca
mi bn thp cn.
Vt liu cho cc b phn khng c ch nh l nguy kch v t gy phi c th nghim ph hp vi
T243M AASHTO (ASTM A673), tn s H.
Mi chi tit ph c chiu di theo phng ca ng sut ko ln hn 100 mm m c hn vo khu vc
chu ko ca mt b phn thuc FCM phi c xem l mt phn ca b phn chu ko v n phi
c xem nh l nguy kch v t gy.

Bng 6.6.2-1 - Tn vng nhit i vi cc yu cu ca rnh ch V Charpy

Nhit dng
nh nht
-18oC v trn

-19oC n -34oC
o

t gy

Vng 2
( n- m @oC)

-35 C n -51 C

g
g2
2
o
C)
@
@oC)

Vng nhit

2
3

Tiu chun thit k cu

299

Tiu chun thit k cu

6.7. Cc yu cu v kch thc chung v chi tit

300

6.7.1. Chiu di hiu dng ca nhp

Cc chiu di nhp phi c ly bng khong cch gia cc tim ca cc gi hoc cc im khc ca tr
ta.
6.7.2. vng tnh ti

Cc cu thp nn lm vng ngc trong khi ch to b li vng tnh ti v trc dc tuyn.

C th dng cch thay i chn la chiu di ca b phn, khi thch hp, trong cc h gin, vm v dy
vng :

iu chnh vng tnh ti cho ph hp vi v tr hnh hc cui cng,

Gim hoc loi tr vic lm ngn sn, v

iu chnh biu mmen tnh ti trong cc cu siu tnh.

6.7.3. Chiu dy nh nht ca thp

Thp kt cu, bao gm ging lin kt, cc khung ngang v tt c cc loi bn tit im, loi tr i vi cc
bn bng bng thp hnh cn, cc sn mt ct kn trong cc mt cu trc hng, cc con m v trong
cc lan can tay vn, u phi lm bng thp c chiu dy khng nh hn 8 mm.
Chiu dy bn bn bng ca cc dm thp cn hoc thp hnh U v ca cc sn mt ct kn trong cc mt
cu trc hng khng c nh hn 7,0 mm.
ni no kim loi d kin b ph ra chu cc nh hng n mn nghim trng, th phi c bo v c
bit chng n mn, hoc chiu dy ca kim loi b hy sinh phi c quy nh.
6.7.4. Vch ngn v khung ngang

6.7.4.1. Tng qut

Cc vch ngn hoc cc khung ngang c th c t u ca kt cu nhp, qua cc gi ta bn trong, v
cch qung dc theo nhp.
S cn thit v cc vch ngn hoc cc khung ngang phi c nghin cu cho tt c cc giai on ca cc
phng php thi cng gi nh v iu kin cui cng. Vic nghin cu ny cn bao gm, nhng khng b
gii hn cc ni dung sau y:

Truyn cc ti trng gi nm ngang t y dm ti mt cu v t mt cu xung ti cc gi,

S n nh ca bn cnh di i vi tt c cc ti trng khi l chu nn,

S n nh ca cc bn cnh trn trong chu nn trc khi x l mt cu, v

S phn b cc hot ti v tnh ti thng ng tc dng ln kt cu nhp cu.

Cc vch ngn hoc cc khung ngang yu cu v cc iu kin khc vi iu kin cui cng c th c
nh r l phi dng ging lin kt tm.
Nu cc vch ngn hoc cc khung ngang c nh c bao gm trong m hnh kt cu s dng xc
nh cc tc dng lc, th chng phi c thit k cho tt c cc trng thi gii hn c th p dng c
i vi cc tc dng lc tnh ton. Cc vch ngn v cc khung ngang phi c thit k nh l iu kin

Tiu chun thit k cu

301
ti thiu, truyn cc ti trng gi theo cc quy nh ca iu 4.6.2.7, v phi p ng tt c cc yu
cu ca mnh c th p dng c trong hoc iu 6.8.4 hoc iu 6.9.3.

Cc bn lin kt i vi cc vch ngang v cc khung ngang phi tha mn cc yu cu quy nh trong

iu 6.6.1.3.1.
u ca nhp cu v cc im trung gian l ni m s lin tc ca bn b gin on, cc mp ca bn
phi c bi cc vch ngn hoc cc kt cu thch hp khc nh ch nh trong iu 9.4.4.

6.7.4.2. Dm thng c mt ct I
Cc vch ngang hoc cc khung ngang cho cc dm thp cn phi cao t nht bng na chiu cao ca dm.
Cc vch ngn hoc cc khung ngang cho cc dm bn phi cng cao cng tt.
Cc vch ngang hoc cc khung ngang u phi cn xng truyn tt c cc lc nm ngang ti cc gi
cu. Nu khung ngang hoc vch ngang u l cho th thnh phn dc ca lc do b phn cho truyn
ti phi c xem xt. Khi cc trc u cho hn 20oC, cc khung ngang trung gian phi trc giao vi cc
cu kin chnh. Nu cc tr u cho th cc khung ngang khng cn phi song song vi ng ca cc
gi.
Cc vch ngang u phi c thit k cho cc lc v s mo hnh truyn n t mt cu v mi ni mt
cu. Cc mmen u ca cc vch ngang phi c xem xt trong thit k c s lin quan gia thnh
phn dc v cc vch ngn.

6.7.4.3. Dm thng c mt ct hp
Phi lm cc vch ngang hoc cc khung ngang bn trong cc tit din hnh hp ti m tr chu
c s xoay ngang, s chuyn v v s cong vnh, v phi c thit k truyn cc mmen xon v
cc lc ngang t hp ti cc gi.
Nu lm vch ngang tm c s lin tc hoc chu c cc lc ko pht sinh bi cc cu kin cu,
th vch ngn phi c lin kt vo cc bn bng v cc bn cnh ca mt ct hp.
Cn lm cc ca qua v phi rng c th. Tc ng ca cc ca qua ln cc ng sut trong cc vch
ngn cn c nghin cu xc nh xem c cn gia c khng.
Phi thc hin nghin cu vic b cc vch ngang hoc cc khung ngang vnh cu bn trong hoc gia
cc mt ct nhiu hp thp thng c thit k ph hp vi cc iu khon i vi cc mt ct nhiu hp
quy nh trong iu 6.11.1.1.
Trong cc mt ct hp n phi lm cc vch ngang hoc cc khung ngang trung gian bn trong v phi
b tr khong cch hn ch mo vn ca mt ct ngang.

6.7.4.4. Gin v vm
Phi lm cc vch ngang cc lin kt vo cc dm sn v cc lin kt khc hoc cc im t cc ti
trng tp trung. Cng c th lm cc vch ngn bn trong gi s dng thng ca b phn.
Cc bn tit im gn cht gi u ca gin phi c lin kt bng vch ngn. Cc bn bng ca b
gi cn c lin kt bng vch ngang ni no c th thc hin c.
Nu u ca bn bn bng hoc bn ph di bng 1200 mm hoc hn tnh t im giao ct ca cc b
phn, th phi lm vch ngang gia cc bn tit im gn cc b phn chnh.

Tiu chun thit k cu

6.7.5. Lin kt tng cng ngang (H ging ngang)

302

6.7.5.1. Tng qut

Nhu cu (Yu cu) ging ngang phi c nghin cu cho tt c cc giai on thi cng d kin v cho
trng thi cui cng khi khai thc cng trnh.
ch no cn th nn t ging ngang trong hoc gn mt phng ca bn cnh hoc thanh m gin cn
ging. Vic nghin cu yu cu i vi h ging ngang phi bao gm, nhng khng b hn ch :

Truyn cc ti trng gi ngang n cc gi nh quy nh trong iu 4.6.2.7, v

Truyn cc ti trng ngang nh quy nh trong iu 4.6.2.8 , v

Kim sot cc bin dng trong qu trnh ch to, lp rp v t thng b vo v tr.

H lin kt tng cng ngang cn cho cc trng thi khng phi l trng thi cui cng th c th c
tho i.
Nu h ging ngang lu di c tnh n trong m hnh kt cu s dng xc nh cc tc dng lc, th h
ny phi c thit k cho tt c cc trng thi gii hn c th p dng c. Phi p dng cc quy nh
ca cc iu 6.8.4 v 6.9.3.
Cc bn lin kt cho h lin kt tng cng ngang phi tha mn cc yu cu quy nh trong
6.6.1.3.2.

iu

Khi h lin kt tng cng ngang c thit k cho chu ti ng t phi p dng cc quy nh
4.6.2.8.

iu

6.7.5.2. Dm thng c mt ct ch I
ch no cn thit th h ging ngang phi c t trong cc khoang bn ngoi. Cc bn cnh gn vo
cc bn mt cu c cng ging bn cnh th khng cn h ging ngang na.

Nhu cu lin kt ngang trong cc vng mmen un m ca cc dm lin tc m bo n nh trong khi

lp rp phi c nghin cu.

6.7.5.3. Dm thng c mt ct hp
Nhu cu (Yu cu) ging ngang gia cc bn cnh ca cc hp ring l phi c nghin cu bo m
rng cc bin dng ca mt ct hp u c kim sot y trong khi ch to, lp rp v t mt cu b
tng.
H ging ngang pha trn phi c thit k chu dng ct trong mt ct trc khi bo dng b tng
mt cu. Lc sinh ra trong h ging do un ca hp cng phi c xt n.
Nu h lin kt c gn ni vo cc bn bng, th din tch mt ct ngang ca hp v dng ct phi gim
i phn nh v tr thc t ca h lin kt, v phi thc hin bin php truyn cc lc t h lin kt
n bn cnh trn.

6.7.5.4. Gin
Cc nhp gin chy di cc nhp gin chy trn phi c h ging ngang trn v ging ngang di. Nu s
dng h ging ngang dng ch X th mi cu kin c th coi l lm vic ng thi hai hng ko v nn
nu chng p ng c cc yu cu mnh i vi c hai phn chu ko v chu nn. Cc cu kin cn
c lin kt cc ch giao nhau ca chng.

Tiu chun thit k cu

303
Cu kin lm h ging ngang cho cc thanh m chu nn cn lm cng cao cng tt v lin kt vo c hai
bn cnh.

Cc lin kt dm sn cn c b tr sao cho h ging ngang s gn ni c dm sn v cu kin phn chu

lc chnh. ch no h ging ngang giao vi mi ni hnh thnh bi dm sn v cu kin dc chnh, th
cu kin ging ngang phi c lin kt vo c hai b phn trn.
6.7.6. Cht

6.7.6.1. V tr
Cc cht phi b tr sao cho gim thiu c cc tc dng ca lc do lch tm.

6.7.6.2. Sc khng
6.7.6.2.1. Un v ct kt hp

Cc cht chu un v ct kt hp phi c cn xng tha mn:

3

2,2Vu
6,0M u
+
0,95
3
f D Fy v D 2 Fy

(6.7.6.2.1-1)

trong :
D

ng knh ca cht (m)

Mu

mmen do cc ti trng tnh ton (N-mm)

Vu

lc ct do cc ti trng tnh ton (N)

Fy

cng chy nh nht quy nh ca cht (MPa)

h s sc khng un nh quy nh trong iu 6.5.4.2

h s sc khng ct nh quy nh trong iu 6.5.4.2

Mmen Mu, v lc ct Vu cn c ly cng mt ct thit k dc theo cht.

6.7.6.2.2. p mt

Sc khng p mt tnh ton trn cc cht phi c ly nh sau:

(RpB)r = b (RpB)n

(6.7.6.2.2-1)

304

Tiu chun thit k cu

trong :

(RpB)n = 1,5 t DFy

(6.7.6.2.2-2)

y:
t

chiu dy ca bn (mm)

ng knh ca cht (mm)

h s sc khng p mt theo quy nh trong iu 6.5.4.2

6.7.6.3. Kch thc ti thiu ca cht i vi cc thanh c tai treo

ng knh ca cht D, khng c nh hn:

F
3
D = + y b
4 2760

(6.7.6.3-1)

trong :
Fy

cng chy do nh nht quy nh ca cht (MPa)

chiu rng ca thn ca thanh c tai treo (mm).

6.7.6.4. Cht v ai c ca cht

Cc cht phi c chiu di bo m s p mt hon ton ca tt c cc phn lin kt trn thn vn
ca cht. Cht phi c bo m ng v tr bng:

Cc ai c hnh lc gic tin lm vo

Cc ai c cng hnh lc gic vi cc vng m, hoc

Nu cc cht c khoan l xuyn qua th u cht c ngn gi bng cc cm thanh cht

Cc ai c ca cht hoc thanh cht phi l cc sn phm c rn hoc thp v phi bo m ng v tr

bng cc cht hm xuyn qua cc ren, hoc bng mi cc ren. Cc ai c kha sn c th trng c th
c s dng thay cho s mi cc ren hoc dng cc cht hm.
6.8. cu kin chu ko
6.8.1. Tng qut

Cc cu kin v cc mi ni i u chu lc ko dc trc phi nghin cu i vi hai iu kin:

Chy ca mt ct nguyn, th d, Phng trnh 6.8.2.1-1, v

t ca mt ct thc, th d, Phng trnh 6.8.2.1-2.

Khi xc nh mt ct thc cn phi xt n:

Din tch nguyn, t din tch ny s khu tr i hoc p dng cc h s trit gim thch hp,

Khu tr tt c cc l trong mt ct ngang thit k,

Hiu chnh cc khu tr l bulng i vi quy tc b tr ch chi c quy nh trong iu 6.8.3,

p dng h s trit gim U, quy nh trong iu 6.8.2.2, i vi cc b phn v iu 6.13.5.2 i vi

cc bn tp ni v cc cu kin tp ni khc tnh n s tr trt v

p dng h s din tch hiu dng ln nht 85% i vi cc bn tp ni v cc cu kin tp ni khc

quy nh trong iu 6.13.5.2

Tiu chun thit k cu

305
Cc cu kin chu ko phi tha mn cc yu cu v mnh nh quy nh trong iu 6.8.4 v cc yu
cu v mi ca iu 6.6.1. Cng ct khi phi c nghin cu cc lin kt nh quy nh trong
iu 6.13.4.
6.8.2. Sc khng ko

6.8.2.1. Tng qut

Sc khng ko tnh ton, Pr, phi ly ci nh hn trong hai gi tr m cc Phng trnh 1 v 2 cho:
Pr = y Pny = y Fy Ag

(6.8.2.1-1)

Pr = u Pnu = u Fu An U

(6.8.2.1-2)

trong :
Pny

sc khng ko danh nh i vi s chy trong mt ct nguyn (N)

Fy

cng chy (MPa)

Ag

din tch mt ct ngang nguyn ca b phn (mm2)

Pnu

sc khng ko danh nh i vi t gy trong mt ct thc (N)

Fu

cng chu ko (MPa)

An

din tch thc ca b phn theo quy nh trong iu 6.8.3 (mm2)

h s trit gim tnh b cho tr trt, 1,0 i vi cc thnh phn trong cc tc dng lc
c truyn ti tt c cc cu kin, v theo quy nh trong iu 6.8.2.2 i vi cc trng
hp khc

h s sc khng i vi chy do ca cc b phn chu ko theo quy nh trong iu 6.5.4.2

h s sc khng i vi t gy ca cc b phn chu ko theo quy nh trong iu 6.5.4.2

6.8.2.2. H s trit gim, U

Trong trng hp thiu cc th nghim hoc phn tch chnh xc hn, cc h s trit gim y c th
c s dng tnh b cho s tr trt trong cc lin kt.
H s trit gim, U, cho thp hnh I cn v cc thanh ch T ct t thp hnh I, chu ti trng truyn trc
tip n mt s, phn t thi m khng phi l tt c, c th c ly nh sau:

i vi cc lin kt ch c cc mi hn ngang u:

U=

A ne
A gn

(6.8.2.2-1)

H s trit gim, U, cho c cc cu kin loi khc chu ti trng truyn n mt s, phn t thi m khng
phi l tt c, qua cc lin kt bulng vi ba hoc trn ba bulng mi ng trong phng ca ti trng,
hoc cc lin kt hn, tr cc trng hp c ch gii di y, c th c ly nh sau:
U = 0,85.
H s trit gim, U, cho cc lin kt c cc ng hn dc, dc theo c hai mp ca phn c lin kt, c
th c ly nh sau:

Tiu chun thit k cu

Nu L > 2W,
Nu 2W > L > 1,5W,
Nu 1,5W > L > W,

306

th U = 1,0
th U = 0,87
th U = 0,75

trong :
Ane

din tch thc chu ti trng trong phm vi chiu di lin kt ca cc cu kin (mm2)

Agn

din tch thc nh nht ca b phn ngoi chiu di lin kt (mm2)

chiu rng ca cu kin lin kt (mm)

chiu di ng hn (mm)

6.8.2.3. Ko v un kt hp
Cu kin chu ko v un kt hp phi tha mn cc Phng trnh 1 v 2:
Nu

Pu
< 0,2
Pr

Nu

Pu
0,2 ,
Pr

th

th

M
M
Pu
+ ux + uy 1,0

2,0Pr M rx M ry

Pu 8,0 M ux M uy
+
+
1,0
Pr 9,0 M rx M ry

(6.8.2.3-1)

(6.8.2.3-2)

trong :
Pr

sc khng ko tnh ton theo quy nh trong iu 6.8.2.1 (N)

Mrx, Mry =

sc khng un tnh ton theo cc trc X v Y, tng ng, c quy nh trong iu 6.10.4
v 6.12 (N-mm)

Mux, Muy =

cc mmen theo cc trc x v y, tng ng, do cc ti trng tnh ton gy ra (N-mm)

Pu

hiu ng lc dc trc do cc ti trng tnh ton gy ra (N)

S n nh ca bn cnh chu ng sut nn thc do ko v un phi c nghin cu v on cc b.

6.8.3. Din tch thc
Mt ct thc An ca mt cu kin l tng cc tch s ca chiu dy v chiu rng thc nh nht ca
mi b phn. B rng khu tr tt c cc l chun, ngoi c v c khot trng phi c ly bng gi
tr ln hn kch c l quy nh trong iu 6.13.2.4.2.
Phi xc nh chiu rng thc i vi tng chui cc l v trin khai ngang qua cu kin v dc theo
bt c tuyn ngang, xin hay ng ch chi bt k no.

Chiu rng thc i vi mi dy phi c xc nh bng chiu rng ca cu kin tr i tng cc chiu
rng ca tt c cc l trong dy v cng thm lng s2/4g cho mi khong cch gia cc l tip lin
nhau trong dy, trong :
s

bc ca bt k hai l tip lin nhau (mm)

kch c ca cng hai l (mm)

i vi cc thp gc, kch c i vi cc l trong cc cnh k i din phi bng tng cc kch c t lng
ca cc thp gc tr i chiu dy.

307

Tiu chun thit k cu

6.8.4. T s mnh gii hn

Cc b phn chu ko khc vi cc thanh ko, thanh c tai treo, dy cp v cc bn phi tha mn cc yu
cu mnh quy nh y:

i vi cc cu kin chnh chu ng sut i du ................................

l / r 140

i vi cc cu kin chnh khng chu cc ng sut i du ..............

l / r 200

i vi cc cu kin ging ................................................................ ....

l / r . 240

trong :
l

chiu di khng ging (mm)

bn knh hi chuyn nh nht (mm)

6.8.5. Cc cu kin t hp

6.8.5.1. Tng qut

Cc phn b chnh ca cc cu kin chu ko c t hp t thp hnh cn hoc hn phi c lin kt
hoc bng cc bn lin tc c hoc khng khot l, hoc bng cc bn ni c hoc khng c thanh np.
Cc lin kt hn gia thp hnh v cc bn thp phi lin tc. Cc lin kt bulng gia thp hnh v cc
bn thp phi tun theo cc quy nh ca iu 6.13.2

6.8.5.2. Cc bn khot l
T l ca chiu di theo phng ca ng sut vi chiu rng ca cc l khng c vt qu 2,0.
Khong cch tnh gia cc l theo phng ca ng sut khng c nh hn khong cch ngang gia cc
ng bulng hoc ng hn gn nht. Khong cch tnh gia u ca bn v l th nht khng c
nh hn 1,25 ln khong cch ngang gia cc bulng hoc ng hn.
Chu vi ng trn ca cc l phi c bn knh ti thiu l 38 mm.
Cc chiu rng khng c chng cc mp ca cc l c th gi nh l gp phn vo din tch thc
ca b phn.
ch no cc l c b tr so le theo cc bn khot l ngc nhau, din tch thc ca b phn phi c
xem nh cng din tch ca mt ct c cc l trong cng mt phng ngang.
6.8.6. Cc thanh c tai treo

6.8.6.1. Sc khng tnh ton

Sc khng tnh ton ca thn ca thanh c tai treo phi ly nh quy nh trong Phng trnh 6.8.2.1-1.

6.8.6.2. S cn i
Cc thanh c tai treo phi c chiu dy ng u, khng nh hn 14 mm hoc ln hn 50 mm.
Bn knh chuyn tip gia u v thn ca thanh c tai treo khng c nh hn chiu rng ca u ti
ng tim ca l cht.
Chiu rng thc ca u ti ng tim ca l cht khng c nh hn 135% chiu rng cn thit ca
thn.
Kch thc thc ca u bn ngoi l cht ly theo phng dc khng c nh hn 75% ca chiu
rng ca thn.

Tiu chun thit k cu

Chiu rng ca thn khng c vt qu tm ln chiu dy ca n.

308

Tim ca l cht phi c t trn trc dc ca thn ca thanh c tai treo. ng knh l cht khng c
ln hn ng knh cht 0,8 mm.
i vi cc loi thp c cng chy do nh nht ch nh ln hn 480 MPa, ng knh l khng
c vt nm ln chiu dy ca thanh c tai treo.

6.8.6.3. m chn
Cc thanh c tai treo ca mt b phi i xng i vi mt phng trung tm ca cu kin v cng song
song cng tt. Chng phi c ngn gi chng li s chuyn ng nm ngang trn cc cht v chng li
s cong vnh nm ngang do s cho ca cu.
Cc thanh c tai treo phi c b tr cc thanh k trong cng khoang c tch ra t nht l 14 mm.
Phi c cc vng m m mi khe h gia cc thanh c tai treo k nhau trn mt cht. Cc thanh cho
giao nhau u khng xa khng tr ngi ln nhau mi lc th phi c kp cht li cng nhau
ch giao nhau.
6.8.7. Cc bn lin kt cht

6.8.7.1. Tng qut

ni no c th c th nn trnh cc bn lin kt cht.

Cc quy nh ca iu 6.8.2.1 phi c tha mn.

6.8.7.2. Bn cht
Sc khng p mt tnh ton trn cc bn cht, Pr, phi ly nh sau:
Pr = b Pn = b Ab Fy

(6.8.7.2-1)

y:

Pn

sc khng p mt danh nh (N)

Ab

din tch p mt chiu ln bn (mm2)

Fy

cng chy do nh nht quy nh ca bn (MPa)

h s sc khng i vi p mt quy nh trong iu 6.5.4.2.

Bn chnh c th c tng cng trong vng l bng gn vo cc bn cht gia tng chiu dy ca tm
bn chnh.
Nu s dng bn cht, phi b tr gim thiu lch tm ca hot ti v c gn vo bn chnh bng
cc ng hn hoc cc bulng truyn cc lc p mt t cc bn cht vo bn chnh.

6.8.7.3. S cn i
T hp din tch thc ca bn chnh v cc bn cht trn mt mt ct ngang xuyn qua ng tim ca l
cht khng c nh hn 1,4 ln din tch thc yu cu ca bn chnh xa l.
Din tch thc t hp ca bn chnh v cc bn cht xa l cht, ly theo phng dc, khng c nh
hn din tch thc yu cu ca bn chnh xa l cht.
Tim ca l cht phi c t trn trc dc ca bn chnh. ng knh l cht khng c ln hn ng
knh cht l 0,8 mm.

Tiu chun thit k cu

309
i vi cc thp c cng chy ti thiu quy nh ln hn 480 MPa, ng knh l khng c vt

qu nm ln chiu dy t hp ca bn chnh v cc bn cht.

Chiu dy t hp ca bn chnh v cc bn cht khng c nh hn 12% ca chiu rng thc t mp l
n mp ca bn hoc cc bn. Chiu dy ca bn chnh khng c nh hn 12% ca chiu rng yu cu
xa l.

6.8.7.4. m chn
Cc cu kin lin kt cht phi c ngn gi chng li s chuyn ng nm ngang trn cht v chng li
s cong vnh do s cho ca cu.
6.9. cu kin chu nn
6.9.1. Tng qut

Cc quy nh ca iu ny c p dng cho cc cu kin thp lin hp v khng lin hp c mt ct

khng i vi t nht mt mt phng i xng v chu hoc nn dc trc hoc nn dc trc v un kt hp
i vi trc i xng.
Cc vm cn phi tha mn cc yu cu ca iu 6.14.4.
Cc thanh m chu nn ca cc gin chy gia cn phi tha mn cc yu cu ca iu 6.14.2.9.
6.9.2. Sc khng nn

6.9.2.1. Nn dc trc
Sc khng tnh ton ca cc cu kin trong chu nn, Pr, phi c ly nh sau:
Pr = c Pn

(6.9.2.1.-1)

trong :
Pn

sc khng nn danh nh theo quy nh cc iu 6.9.4 v 6.9.5 (N)

h s sc khng i vi nn theo quy nh trong iu 6.5.4.2

6.9.2.2. Nn dc trc v un kt hp
Ti trng nn dc trc, Pu, v cc mmen xy ra ng thi, Mux v Muy, tnh ton i vi cc ti trng tnh
ton bng cc phng php gii tch n hi phi tha mn mi quan h sau y:

310

Tiu chun thit k cu

Nu

Pu
< 0,2 ,
Pr

th

M
M
Pu
+ ux + uy 1,0
2,0Pr M rx M ry

(6.9.2.2-1)

Nu

Pu
0,2 ,
Pr

th

Pu 8,0 M ux M uy
1,0
+
+
Pr 9,0 M rx M ry

(6.9.2.2-2)

Pr
Mrx
Mry
Mux
Muy

=
=
=
=
=

sc khng nn tnh ton theo quy nh trong iu 6.9.2.1 (N)

sc khng un tnh ton theo trc x theo quy nh trong cc iu 6.10.6.11 v 6.12 (N-mm)
sc khng un tnh ton theo trc y theo quy nh trong cc iu 6.10.6.11 v 6.12 (N-mm)
mmen un tnh ton theo trc x c tnh ton theo quy nh bn di (N-mm)
mmen un tnh ton theo trc y c tnh ton theo quy nh bn di (N-mm)

Cc mmen Mux v Muy theo cc trc i xng, c th c xc nh bng hoc:

S phn tch n hi bc hai, c tnh n khuych i mmen gy ra bi ti trng trc tnh ton, hoc

S iu chnh gn ng mt bc nh quy nh trong iu 4.5.3.2.2b.

6.9.3. T s mnh gii hn

Cc cu kin chu nn phi tha mn cc yu cu ca mnh y:

Kl
120
r

i vi cc b phn chnh:

i vi cc b phn lin kt:

Kl
140
r

trong :
K

h s chiu di hiu dng quy nh trong iu 4.6.2.5

chiu di khng ging (mm)

bn knh hi chuyn nh nht (mm)

i vi ring iu ny, bn knh hi chuyn quay c th tnh trn mt mt ct tng tng b qua phn
ca din tch ca mt thnh phn, min l:

Kh nng ca thnh phn cn c trn din tch v bn knh quay thc t ln hn cc ti trng tnh
ton, v

Kh nng ca thnh phn tng tng cn c trn din tch trit gim v bn knh quay tng ng
cng ln hn cc ti trng tnh ton.

6.9.4. Cc cu kin khng lin hp

6.9.4.1. Sc khng nn danh nh

i vi cc cu kin tha mn cc yu cu chiu rng/chiu dy ch nh trong iu 6.9.4.2, sc khng
nn danh nh, Pn, phi c ly nh sau:
Nu 2,25 th Pn = 0,66 FyAs
Nu > 2,25 th

Pn =

0.88 Fy A s
l

(6.9.4.1-1)
(6.9.4.1-2)

311

Tiu chun thit k cu

2

Kl Fy
=
rs E

vi:

(6.9.4.1-3)

trong :
As
Fy
E
K
l
rs

=
=
=
=
=
=

din tch mt ct ngang nguyn (mm2)

cng chy (MPa)
mun n hi (MPa)
h s chiu di hiu dng quy nh trong iu 4.6.2.5.
chiu di khng ging (mm)
bn knh hi chuyn theo mt phng bng (mm)

i vi cc cc thp ch di ti trng trc, Pn khng c vt qu tr s sau y:

i vi cc cc H ..................................................................................

0,78 Fy As

i vi cc cc ng ..............................................................................

0,87 Fy As

6.9.4.2. Cc t s chiu rng/chiu dy gii hn i vi nn dc trc

mnh ca cc bn phi tha mn:

b
E
k
t
Fy

(6.9.4.2.1)

trong :
k
b
t

=
=
=

h s on ca bn theo quy nh trong Bng 1

chiu rng ca bn nh quy nh trong Bng 1 (mm)
chiu dy bn (mm)

Chiu dy vch ca cc ng phi tha mn:

i vi cc ng trn :

D
E
2.8
t
Fy

(6.9.4.2-2)

i vi cc ng ch nht :

b
E
1.7
t
Fy

(6.9.4.2-3 )

trong :
D

ng knh ng (mm)

chiu rng mt (mm)

chiu dy ng (mm)

i vi cc cu kin khi thit k c dng cc phng trnh ca iu 6.9.2.2, Fy nh s dng y, c th

c thay th bi ng sut nn tnh ton ln nht do ti trng dc trc tnh ton v mmen un xy ra
ng thi.

Bng 6.9.4.2.1 - Cc t s chiu rng - chiu dy gii hn

Cc bn c dc mt mp

K
0,56

b
Chiu rng na bn cnh ca cc mt ct I

Chiu rng ton bn cnh ca cc thp [

312

Tiu chun thit k cu

Cc bn cnh v cc cnh nh ra hoc
cc bn

Cc thn ca thp T cn

Cc cu kin nh ra khc

Cc bn c dc hai mp

0,75

Khong cch gia mp t do v hng

bulng th nht hoc cc ng hn trong
cc bn

Ton chiu rng ca cnh bn nh ra i

vi cc i thp gc trong tip xc lin tc

Ton chiu cao ca T

Ton chiu rng ca cnh bn nh ra i

vi thanh chng thp gc n hoc thanh
chng thp gc i vi tm ngn

Ton chiu rng nh ra i vi cc cu

kin khc

0,45

Khong cch tnh gia cc bn bng tr i

bn knh gc trong trn mi bn i vi cc
bn cnh hp

Khong cch gia cc ng hn hoc

bulng i vi cc bn ph bn cnh

Khong cch tnh gia cc bn cnh tr i

cc bn knh ng hn i vi cc bn
bng ca cc dm cn

Khong cch tnh gia cc thanh mp

i vi tt c cc cu kin khc

Khong cch tnh gia cc thanh mp

Cc bn cnh hp v cc bn tp
1,40

Cc bn bng v cc cu kin bn khc

1,49

Cc bn tp c khot l

1,86

6.9.4.3. Cc cu kin t hp
6.9.4.3.1. Tng qut

Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 6.9.4.2. T s mnh ca cc cu kin gia cc bulng lin kt

khng c nhiu hn 75% ca t s mnh khng ch ca b phn.
6.9.4.3.2. Cc bn khot l

Cc bn khot l phi tha mn cc yu cu ca cc iu 6.9.4.2 v 6.8.5.2 v phi c thit k cho tng

lc ct do cc ti trng tnh ton v mt lc ct ph ly nh sau:

313

Tiu chun thit k cu

V=

8.8 (l/r ) Fy
Pr 100
+

100 (l/r ) + 10
E

(6.9.4.3.2-1)

trong :
V

lc ct ph thm (N)

Pr

sc khng nn tnh ton quy nh trong cc iu 6.9.2.1 v 6.9.2.2 (N)

chiu di cu kin (mm)

bn knh hi chuyn theo trc thng gc n bn khot l (mm)

Fy

cng chy (MPa)

6.9.5. Cc cu kin lin hp

6.9.5.1. Sc khng nn danh nh

Cc quy nh ca iu ny p dng cho cc ct lin hp khng chu un. Cc quy nh ca iu 6.12.2.3
p dng cho cc ct lin hp chu un.
Sc khng nn danh nh ca ct lin hp tha mn cc quy nh ca iu 6.9.5.2 phi ly nh sau:
Nu

2.25 th Pn = 0.66 Fe As

Nu

> 2.25 th

Pn =

(6.9.5.1-1)

0,88Fe A s
l

(6.9.5.1-2)

vi :
2

Kl F
= e
rs E e

(6.9.5.1-3)
Ar
+ C2 f
c
As

Fe = Fy+ C1Fyr

Ar

As

C A
E e = E 1 + 3 c
n A s
trong :
As

din tch mt ct ngang ca mt ct thp (mm2)

Ac

din tch mt ct ngang ca b tng (mm2)

Ar

tng din tch mt ct ngang ca ct thp dc (mm2)

Fy

cng chy nh nht quy nh ca mt ct thp (MPa)

Fyr

cng chy nh nht quy nh ca ct thp dc (MPa)

fc

cng nn 28 ngy nh nht quy nh ca b tng (MPa)

mun n hi ca thp (MPa)

chiu di khng ging ca ct (mm)

h s chiu di hiu dng theo quy nh trong iu 4.6.2.5

t s mun ca b tng theo quy nh trong iu 6.10.5.1.1b

(6.9.5.1-4)

(6.9.5.1-5)

Tiu chun thit k cu

314
rs
=
bn knh hi chuyn ca mt ct thp trong mt phng un, nhng khng nh hn 0,3
ln chiu rng ca b phn lin hp trong mt phng un i vi cc thp hnh c bc
b tng lin hp (mm)

C1, C2, C3 =

hng s ct lin hp c quy nh trong Bng 1.

Bng 6.9.5.1-1 - Cc hng s ct lin hp

Cc ng c nhi
y

Cc thp hnh c
bc

C1

1,0

0,70

C2

0,85

0,60

C3

0,40

0,20

Khi xc nh s khuych i mmen i vi cc b phn lin hp chu nn dc trc v un kt hp theo

s iu chnh gn ng mt bc quy nh trong iu 4.5.3.2.2b, phi p dng phng trnh sau y:
Pe =

A s Fe

(6.9.5.1-6)

6.9.5.2. Cc gii hn
6.9.5.2.1. Tng qut

Sc khng nn phi c tnh ton ph hp vi iu 6.9.5.1, nu din tch mt ct ngang ca mt ct thp

gm t nht 4% tng din tch mt ct ngang ca b phn.
Sc khng nn phi c tnh ton nh l ct b tng ct thp trong Phn 5, nu din tch mt ct ngang
ca thp hnh hoc ng nh hn 4% tng din tch mt ct ngang.
Cng nn ca b tng phi gia 20 MPa v 55 MPa.
Cng chy ca mt ct thp v ct thp dc s dng tnh sc khng nn danh nh phi khng vt
qu 420 MPa.
S truyn tt c ti trng trong ct lin hp phi c xem xt trong thit k cc thnh phn .
Mt ct ngang phi c t nht mt trc i xng
6.9.5.2.2. Cc ng nhi y b tng

Cc yu cu v chiu dy ca vch i vi cc ng khng nhi quy nh trong iu 6.9.4.2 phi p dng

cho cc ng lin hp nhi y b tng.
6.9.5.2.3. Cc thp hnh bc b tng

Cc thp hnh bc b tng phi c tng cng bng ct thp dc v ngang. Ct thp phi tun theo cc
quy nh ca iu 5.7.4.6, tr khong cch thng ng ca cc thanh ging ngang phi khng c vt
qu tr s nh nht ca:

16 ln ng knh thanh thp dc

48 ln ng knh thanh ging hoc

0,5 kch thc bn nh nht ca cu kin lin hp

Nhiu thp hnh trong cng mt ct ngang ca mt ct lin hp phi c lin kt vi nhau bng ai v
cc bn ging phng on cc thp hnh ring l trc khi b tng ng cng.
6.10. Cc mt ct ch chu un

315

Tiu chun thit k cu

6.10.1. Tng qut

Cc iu khon mc ny c p dng cho cc mt ct ch thng chu un bng thp cn hoc t hp

i xng i vi trc thng ng nm trong mt phng ca bn bng dm.
Cc mt ct lai hoc phi hp gm mt bn bn bng c cng chy nh nht quy nh thp
hn cng mt hoc c hai bn cnh c th c thit k theo cc quy nh ny. Cho php dng
cc mt ct m thp bn bng c cng cao hn thp cc bn cnh nhng khng c coi l mt
ct lai.

Cc iu khon ca cc mc ny c p dng cho cc mt ct c chc hoc khng c chc v cc mt

ct lin hp hoc khng lin hp.
Cc cu kin chu un phi c thit k theo :

Sc khng un theo trng thi gii hn cng c quy nh trong mc 6.10.4

Kim tra trng thi gii hn s dng i vi vng di hn c quy nh trong Mc 6.10.5.

Trng thi gii hn mi v t gy ca cc chi tit c quy nh theo Mc 6.5.3 v cc yu cu

v mi i vi cc bn bng dm theo quy nh Mc 6.10.6.

Sc khng ct theo trng thi gii hn cng c quy nh theo Mc 6.10.7 v

Tnh kh thi ca kt cu c quy nh theo 6.10.3.2.

C th xem xt cc iu khon tu chn v vng theo Mc 2.5.2.6.2.

6.10.2. Cc gii hn trong vic xc nh kch thc mt ct.
Cn c trn vic nghin cu v un, cc t l cu to ca mt ct ch I phi tho mn cc iu sau
y trong tt c cc giai on thi cng v trong trng thi cui cng.
Trong mc 6.10.2.2, fc v Dc phi c ly sao thch hp vi iu kin ang nghin cu.

6.10.2.1. Cc t l cu to chung
Cc cu kin un phi c cu to theo t l sao cho:

0,1

I yc
0,9
Iy

( 6.10.2.1-1)

trong :
Iy

m men qun tnh ca mt ct thp i vi trc thng ng trong mt phng ca bn

bng (mm4)

Tiu chun thit k cu

316
Iyc
=
m men qun tnh ca bn cnh chu nn ca mt ct thp quanh trc ng trong mt
phng cu bn bng (mm4).

6.10.2.2. mnh ca bn bng.

Bn bng dm phi c cu to sao cho:
Khi khng c g tng cng dc

2D c
E
6,77
tw
fc

(6.10.2.2.1).

Khi c g tng cng dc

2D c
E
6,77
tw
fc

(6.10.2.2-2)

trong :
Dc
fc

=
=

chiu cao ca bn bng chu nn trong phm vi n hi (mm)

ng sut bn cnh chu nn do lc tnh ton (Mpa)

6.10.3. p dng

6.10.3.1. Cc mt ct lin hp
Cc mt ct lin hp c nh ngha l nhng mt ct gm mt bn mt b tng lin kt vi mt mt ct
thp bng lin kt chng ct ph hp vi iu 6.10.7.4 v c th p dng cho cc h bn mt khc c
chng minh m bo c tc dng lin hp v chng un ngang.
6.10.3.1.1. Cc ng sut
6.10.3.1.1a. Trnh t cht ti trng
ng sut n hi mt v tr bt k trn mt ct lin hp do ti trng tc dng gy ra phi bng tng
s cc ng sut gy ra bi cc lc tc dng ring r tc dng vo:
Phn thp
Mt ct lin hp ngn hn v
Mt ct lin hp di hn.

Ti trng di hn tc dng, trc khi bn t c 75% fc , c gi thit phi do mt ct thp chu

n c. Ti trng di hn v hot ti tc dng sau khi bn t c 75% fc c gi thit phi do
mt ct lin hp chu. i vi cc cng trnh c tr phi gi thit ton b ti trng di hn tc
dng sau khi bn t c 75% fc v trong ti liu hp ng phi ch r nh vy.
6.10.3.1.1b. un dng
Khi tnh ton cc ng sut un phi xt mt ct lin hp gm mt ct thp v mt ct chuyn i ca
bn b tng vi b rng hiu dng.
i vi cc ti trng tm thi, gi thit chng tc dng vo mt ct lin hp ngn hn v mt ct bn
khi chuyn i phi dng t s m un ngn hn, n.
i vi cc ti trng di hn, gi thit chng tc dng vo mt ct lin hp di hn mt ct bn khi
chuyn i th dng t s m un bng 3n.
i vi b tng c khi lng ring thng thng, t s mun c th ly nh sau:
16 fc 20 ;

n = 10

20 fc 25 ;

n=9

317

Tiu chun thit k cu

25 fc 32 ;

n=8

32 fc 41 ;

n=7

41 fc

n=6

6.10.3.1.1c. un m
tnh ton cc ng sut do m men gy ra, i vi c m men lin hp di hn ln ngn hn, mt
ct lin hp phi bao gm c mt ct thp v ct thp theo phng dc trng phm vi chiu rng hiu
dng ca bn.
6.10.3.1.1d. Chiu rng hiu dng ca bn

Nu khng c thng tin tt hn, phi p dng cc qui nh ca iu 4.6.2.6.

6.10.3.1.2. M men chy
M men chy My mt mt ct lin hp phi ly bng tng cc m men tc dng ring l vo phn
thp v vo cc mt ct lin hp ngn hn v di hn gy trng thi chy u tin mt trong hai
bn cnh thp, khi khng xt n chy hnh thnh bn bng ca mt ct lai.
6.10.3.1.3. M men do
Mp phi c tnh ton bng m men u tin ca lc do i vi trc trung ho do. tnh ton
cc lc do trong cc phn thp ca mt ct lin hp, phi dng cng chy tng ng cho c bn
cnh, bn bng v ct thp. Lc do trong cc phn b tng chu nn ca mt ct lin hp c th da
trn khi ng sut ch nht nh ch dn trong iu 5.7.2.2. v b qua b tng chu ko.
V tr ca trc trung ho do phi c xc nh theo iu kin cn bng m khng c lc dc trc
thun tu.
6.10.3.1.4. Chiu cao ca bn bng chu nn.
6.10.3.1.4a. Ti m men n hi
i vi cc mt ct chu un dng, chiu cao ca bn bng chu nn Dc ti m men n hi thit k
bng chiu cao m trn tng i s ca cc ng sut trong thp cc mt ct lin hp di hn v
lin hp ngn hn do cc tnh ti v hot ti gy ra cng vi xung kch u l ng sut nn. i vi
cc mt ct chu un m, c th tnh ton Dc cho mt ct bao gm dm thp cng vi ct thp theo
phng dc.
6.10.3.1.4b Ti m men do
Chiu cao ca bn bng chu nn ti m men do Dcp c th c xc nh nh sau:

Tiu chun thit k cu

318
i vi cc mt ct chu un dng, khi trc trung ho do qua bn bng, Dcp c ly l:

D cp =

D Fyt A t Fyc A c 0,85 f c A s Fyr A r

Fyw A w

+ 1

(6.10.3.1.4b-1)

trong :
Dcp

chiu cao bn bng chu nn ti m men do (mm).

chiu cao bn bng (mm).

As

din tch bn.

At

din tch bn cnh chu ko (mm2).

Fyc

cng chy nh nht quy nh ca bn cnh chu nn (MPa).

Fyc

cng chy nh nht quy nh ca ct thp dc trong mt ct (Mpa)

Fyt

cng chy nh nht quy nh ca bn cnh chu ko (MPa).

Fyw

cng chy nh nht quy nh ca bn bng (MPa).

Fc

cng chu nn 28 ngy quy nh ca b tng (MPa).

i vi tt c cc mt ct chu un dng, Dcp phi ly bng 0 v yu cu v mnh ca bn

bng trong mt ct c chc iu 6.10.4.1.2 phi coi l tho mn.

i vi cc mt ct chu un m khi c trc trung ho do i qua bn bng:

D cp =

D
(Fyt A t + Fyw A w Fyc A c )
2A w Fyw

(6.10.3.1.4b-2)

i vi cc mt ct khc chu un m, Dcp phi ly bng D.

6.10.3.2. Yu cu v cu to i vi cc mt ct lin hp
6.10.3.2.1. Tng qut

m bo yu cu v cu to i vi cc mt ct lin hp trng thi cui cng nhng khng lin hp

trong qu trnh thi cng khi nghin cu phi c coi l cc mt ct khng lin hp cc giai on khc
nhau theo trnh t lp t mt cu qua vic s dng t hp ti trng thch hp trong Bng 3.4.1-1 tnh
ton. Cc c trng hnh hc, chiu di ging, v ng sut c s dng trong tnh ton sc khng un
danh nh theo mc ny ch p dng i vi mt ct thp di tc dng ca ti trng thi cng tnh ton.
Cc thay i v ti trng, cng v h ging trong cc giai on b tng phi c xem xt.
6.10.3.2.2. Sc khng un danh nh
Phi tin hnh nghin cu v cu to ca cc dm lin hp theo cc quy nh ca iu 6.10.4.1.4 v
mnh bn cnh chu nn ca mt ct khng c chc.

Cc dm lin hp trong giai on thi cng, khi cn cha c lin hp phi tho mn cc yu cu nu
trong iu 6.10.2.2 v mnh ca bn bng khng c chc theo truyn thng.

319

Tiu chun thit k cu

6.10.3.2.3. Sc khng ct danh nh

i vi cc bn bng ca cc mt ct ng cht, c cc sn tng cng ngang v c hoc khng c cc

sn tng cng dc, sc khng ct danh nh nghin cu v trnh t lp mt cu phi l:
Vn

= C Vp

trong :
C

t s ca ng sut gy mt n nh trn tr s cng chy do khi chu ct theo quy

nh bn cnh 6.10.7.3.3a.

Vp

kh nng chu ct do c quy nh iu 6.10.7.3.3a (N)

6.10.3.3. Cc mt ct khng lin hp

Khi xt v mt k thut c tnh kh thi, phi dng cc kt cu lin hp.
i vi cc mt ct thp khng c cc neo chng ct c quy nh ph hp vi iu 6.10.7.4 cho
php xem l nhng mt ct khng lin hp.
6.10.3.3.1. M men chy v m men do
Phi tnh m men chy My ca mt mt ct khng lin hp l m men cn thit gy ra chy u
tin mt trong bn cnh khi khng xt n bt k s chy no bn bng ca mt ct lai.
M men do Mp ca mt mt ct khng lin hp phi ly bng tng m men ca ton b s phn
phi ng sut do tc dng vo mt ct.
6.10.3.3.2. Chiu cao ca bn bng chu nn ti m men do
Chiu cao ca bn bng ti m men do phi c xc nh nh di y:
Nu:

FywAw FycAc - FytAt ,

Th

D cp =

Ngc li:

Dcp = D

D
Fyt A t + Fyw A w Fyc A c
2A w Fyw

(6.10.3.3.2-1)

trong :
D

chiu cao bn bng (mm)

At

din tch bn cnh chu ko (mm2)

Ac

din tch bn cnh chu nn (mm2)

Aw

din tch bn bng (mm2)

Fyc

cng chy do nh nht c quy nh ca bn cnh chu nn (MPa)

Fyt

cng chy nh nht c quy nh ca bn cnh chu ko (MPa)

Fyw

cng chy nh nht c quy nh ca bn bng (MPa)

320

Tiu chun thit k cu

6.10.3.4. cng
C th dng cc c trng v cng sau y phn tch cc cu kin chu un:

i vi ti trng tc dng ln cc mt ct khng lin hp: cc dc trng v cng ca mt ct

thp.

i vi cc ti trng thng xuyn tc dng ln cc mt ct lin hp: cc c trng v cng ca mt

ct lin hp di hn vi gi thit l mt cu b tng lm vic hon ton trn ton b nhp.

i vi cc ti trng nht thi tc dng ln cc mt ct lin hp: cc c trng v cng ca

mt ct lin hp ngn hn vi gi thit l mt cu b tng lm vic hon ton trn ton b nhp.

6.10.3.5. Tc dng ca gi ln cc bn cnh dm

6.10.3.5.1. Cc mt ct c
M men tnh ton ca bn cnh di do tc dng gi ngang phi c gi thit s do mt b rng bw
mi cnh ca bn cnh chu tnh theo cng thc:

b fb b 2fb
bw =

4M w
t fp Fyb

b fb
2

(6.10.3.5.1-1)

trong :
bfb

Chiu rng cnh di (mm)

tfb

B dy bn cnh di (mm)

Fyb

Cng chy do nh nht c quy nh ca bn cnh di (MPa)

Mw

M men ngang ln nht bn cnh di do ti trng gi tnh ton (N-mm)

Cc ti trng thng ng trong t hp ti trng c nghin cu phi c gi thit s do mt ct lin

hp hu ch chu. Mt ct ny c xc nh bng cch b bt b rng bw mi cnh mp ca bn
cnh di. Phi cn c vo mt ct hu ch ny xc nh mi sc khng cn thit.
6.10.3.5.2 . Cc mt ct khng c

Cc ng sut bn cnh di ca cc mt ct khng c phi c t hp nh sau:

(Fu + F w ) Fr

(6.10.3.5.2-1)

6M w
t fb b2fb

(6.10.3.5.2-2)

Fw =

vi
trong :
Fw

ng sut un cc cnh mp ca bn cnh di do tc dng ca lc gi tnh ton (MPa)

Fu

ng sut un bn cnh di do tc dng ca cc ti trng tnh ton khc ngoi tr ti

trng gi (MPa)

Fr

sc khng un tnh ton ca mi bn cnh c quy nh trong iu 6.10.4 (MPa)

321

Tiu chun thit k cu

Mw

m men ngang ln nht bn cnh di do tc dng ca lc gi tnh ton (N-mm)

Khng yu cu phi nghin cu i vi bn cnh trn. Nu sc khng un danh nh ca bn cnh trn

c tnh ton theo cc quy nh iu 6.10.4.2.3 th phi s dng mt ct hu ch c quy nh iu

6.10.4.5.1 trong cc tnh ton .

6.10.3.6. Mt ct thc
Trong cc cu kin un c th b qua cc l bt bu lng cng cao hoc cc l m ( h) c
ng knh khng qu 32mm min l din tch b khuyt i mi bn cnh khng vt qu 15%
din tch ca bn cnh . i vi mi din tch b khuyt bn cnh vt qu 15% din tch bn
cnh, phi tr chng ra khi mt ct th. Chiu rng cc l bu lng phi theo quy nh trong iu
6.8.3.
i vi vt liu mi ni, phi p dng cc quy nh ca cc iu6.8.1 v 6.13.5.

6.10.3.7. Ct thp ti thiu cc bn chu un m

Trong cc min chu un m ca bt k nhp lin tc no, tng din tch mt ct ngang ca ct thp dc
phi khng nh hn 1% tng din tch mt ct ngang ca bn. Ct thp dng tho mn yu cu ny
phi c cng chy do nh nht c quy nh khng nh hn 420 Mpa v c c khng ln hn
cc thanh No. 19.
Phi b tr ct thp cn thit lm hai lp phn b u trn sut b rng bn v hai phn ba s lng
phi c t lp trn. cc thanh ct thp phi t cch nhau khng qu 150mm trong mi hng.

C th dng cc b phn lin kt chng ct cc min chu un m ca cc mt ct lin hp. Khi b trng
cc lin kt chng ct min chu un m th thng thng tt c cc ct dc phi c ko di vo n
min chu un dng v vt ra ngoi cc lin kt chng ct mt khong cch khng nh hn chiu di
khai trin c quy nh Phn 5.
6.10.4. Sc khng un theo trng thi gii hn cng
Sc khng un tnh ton i vi m men v ng sut phi c ly nh sau:

Mr = f Mn
Fr = f Fn

(6.10.4-1)
(6.10.4-2)

trong :
f

h s khng un c quy nh iu 6.5.4.2

Mn

sc khng un danh nh (N-mm)

Fn

sc khng un danh nh mi bn cnh (MPa)

Cc quy nh v phn phi li m men ca iu 6.10.4.4 khng c p dng cho cc cu kin chu un
nhp n.

322

Tiu chun thit k cu

i vi cc cu kin chu un c nhp lin tc, c th dng cc quy nh v n hi iu 6.10.4

hoc cc quy nh khng n hi iu 6.10.10 nghin cu trng thi gii hn cng . Ch i
vi cc cu kin lin hp hoc khng lin hp vi mt ct c chiu cao khng i, c cc mt ct
c c chng bn trong v c cng chy do nh nht m bo quy nh khng vt qu
345 Mpa mi iu kin cho php phn tch theo phng php khng n hi c ch dn iu
6.10.10.

6.10.4.1. Phn loi sc khng un

6.10.4.1.1. Cng chy do nh nht quy nh
Nghin cu v sc khng un ca cc mt ct ch tho mn cc gii hn v t l hnh hc trong
iu 6.10.2 v nghin cu v vt liu thp c cng chy do nh nht quy nh nh sau:

Khng vt qu 345 MPa v c chiu cao mt ct khng i phi c thc hin theo cc quy
nh v mnh ca bn bn bng c mt ct c ca iu 6.10.4.1.2, hoc

Vt qu 345 MPa v c chiu cao mt ct thay i phi c thc hin theo cc quy nh v
mnh ca bn cnh chu nn c mt ct khng c ca iu 6.10.4.1.4.

6.10.4.1.1. mnh ca bn bn bng c mt ct c

Nu:

2D cp
tw

3,76

E
Fyc

(6.10.4.1.2-1)

trong :
Dcp

chiu cao ca bn bn bng chu nn ti lc m men do (mm)

Fyc

cng chy do nh nht c quy nh ca bn cnh chu nn (MPa)

th bn bng c xem l c v

i vi cc mt ct lin hp chu un dng sc khng un phi c xc nh theo cc quy nh

ca iu 6.10.4.2.2 v sc khng un dng ca mt ct lin hp c hoc

i vi cc mt ct khc, vic nghin cu phi tin hnh theo cc quy nh ca iu 6.10.4.1.3

v mnh ca bn cnh chi ko c mt ct c.

Nu khc i th bn bn bng khng iu kin coi l c v

Nu khng s dng cng thc Q th:

i vi cc mt ct lin hp chu un dng, phi xc nh sc khng un ca mi bn cnh theo cc

quy nh ca iu 6.10.4.2.4 v sc khng un ca bn cnh c mt ct khng c, hoc

i vi cc ct khc, phi tin hnh nghin cu theo cc quy nh ca iu 6.10.4.1.4 v

mnh ca bn cnh chu nn c mt ct khng c hoc :

Nu s dng cng thc Q th phi theo cc quy nh ca iu 6.10.4.1.5 v iu kin ca cng thc
Q.
6.10.4.1.3. mnh ca bn cnh chu nn c mt ct c chc

323

Tiu chun thit k cu

bf
E
0.382
2t f
Fyc

Nu :

(6.10.4.1.3-1)

trong :
bf

chiu rng bn cnh chu nn (mm)

tf

b dy bn cnh chu nn (mm)

Vic tnh ton phi theo cc quy nh iu 6.10.4.1.6 v s tc ng qua li gia mnh ca bn
bng c mt ct c chc v bn cnh chu nn.

Nu khng nh vy th bn cnh chu nn khng c coi l c v :

Nu khng xt cng thc Q th phi nghin cu theo cc quy nh ca iu 6.10.4.1.4 v mnh
ca bn cnh chu nn c mt ct khng c chc, hoc:
Nu s dng cng thc Q th tnh ton phi theo cc quy nh ca iu 6.10.4.1.5 v iu kin s
dng cng thc Q.
6.10.4.1.4. mnh ca bn cnh chu nn c mt ct khng c chc
Nu :

bf
1.38
2t f

E
fc

2D c
tw

khng c sn tng cng dc

(6.10.4.1.4-1)

hoc:

bf
E
c sn tng cng dc
0.408
2t f
fc

(6.10.4.1.4-2)

trong :
bf

chiu rng ca bn cnh chu nn (mm).

fc

ng sut trong bn cnh chu nn do tc dng ca ti trng tnh ton ang nghin cu
(MPa) th tnh ton phi theo cc quy nh ca iu 6.10.4.1.9 v vic ging bn cnh
chu nn c mt ct khng c.

Nu khng t th mt ct khng c chp nhn v phi chn mt mt ct mi.

6.10.4.1.5. iu kin s dng cng thc Q theo cch tu chn.
Nu mt ct ang xt chu un m v khng c cc sn tng cng dc th phi nghin cu theo cc
quy nh ca iu 6.10.4.1.8 v mnh ca bn bng theo cng thc Q theo cch tu chn ca bn
cnh chu nn.
Nu khng t th vic nghin cu phi tin hnh theo cc quy nh ca iu 6.10.4.1.4 v mnh
ca bn cnh chu nn c mt ct khng c chc.
6.10.4.1.6. Tng tc mnh gia bn bng c mt ct c chc v bn cnh chu nn
6.10.4.1.6a. Tng qut

324

Tiu chun thit k cu

Nu:

2D cp

E
Fyc

( 6.10.4.1.6a-1)

bf
E
0,382
Fyc
2t f

( 6.10.4.1.6a-2)

tw

3,76

V:

th phi theo quy nh ca iu 6.10.4.1.7 v vic ging bn cnh chu nn c mt ct c chc.

Nu khng t th phi theo phng trnh iu 6.10.4.1.6b v s tc ng qua li gia bn bng c
mt ct c chc v bn cnh chu nn.
6.10.4.1.6b. Phng trnh tng tc

Nu:

2D cp
tw

b
E
+ 9,35 f 6,25
Fyc
2t f

( 6.10.4.1.6b-1)

Phi theo quy nh ca iu 6.10.4.1.7 v vic ging bn cnh chu nn.

Khi khng t th:
Nu khng dng cng thc tu chn Q, th phi tip tc xt theo quy nh ca iu 6.10.4.1.4 v
mnh ca bn cnh chu nn c mt ct khng c chc.
Nu p dng cng thc tu chn Q, th c th nghin cu theo quy nh ca iu 6.10.4.1.5 v iu
kin ca cng thc Q tu chn.
6.10.4.1.7. Ging bn cnh chu nn c mt ct c chc.
Nu:

M
L b 0,124 0,0759 l
M
p

ry E

F
yc

(6.10.4.1.7-1)

trong :
Lb

chiu di khng c ging (mm)

ry

bn knh hi chuyn nh nht ca mt ct thp i vi trc thng ng (mm)

Ml

m men nh hn do tc dng ca ti trng tnh ton mi u ca chiu di khng c

ging (N-mm).

Mp

m men do (N-mm).

Fyc

cng chy nh nht quy nh ca bn cnh chu nn (Mpa).

Trong : (Ml/Mp) phi ly gi tr m nu phn cu kin trong phm vi chiu di khng c ging
b un theo ng cong ngc li.
v:

Cc quy nh ca iu 6.10.4.1.6a hoc 6.10.4.1.6b v mnh ca bn cnh chu nn c mt

ct c chc c tho mn, bn cnh chu nn c coi nh c chc th sc khng un phi

Tiu chun thit k cu

325
c xc nh theo quy nh ca iu 6.10.4.2.1 v sc khng un ca mt ct c chc thng
thng hoc:

Khi cc quy nh ca iu 6.10.4.1.6a hoc 6.10.4.1.6b v mnh ca bn cnh chu nn c

mt ct c chc, khng c tho mn th sc khng un c th c xc nh theo cc quy nh
v sc khng un ca iu 6.10.4.2.3 da trn cng thc Q theo cch tu chn.

Nu khng t th phi nghin cu theo quy nh ca iu 6.10.4.1.9 v vic ging bn cnh chu nn
c mt ct khng c chc.
6.10.4.1.8. mnh ca bn bng v bn cnh chu nn dng cng thc Q theo cch tu chn

2D cp

Nu

tw

bf
2,52
2t f

v:

E
Fyc

6,77

(6.10.4.1.6b-1)

E
Fyc

(6.10.4.1.8-2)

2D cp
tw

Th c th xt theo quy nh ca iu 6.10.4.1.7 v vic ging bn cnh chu nn c mt ct c.

Nu khng t th phi xt theo quy nh ca iu 6.10.4.1.4 v mnh ca bn cnh chu nn c
mt ct khng c chc.
6.10.4.1.9. Ging bn cnh chu nn c mt ct khng c chc.
Nu:

L b L p = 1,76rt

E
Fyc

( 6.10.4.1.9-1)

trong :
rt

bn knh hi chuyn i vi trc thng ng ca mt mt ct quy c bao gm bn cnh

chu nn ca mt ct thp cng thm vi

Fyc

1
chiu cao ca bn bng chu nn (mm).
3

cng chy nh nht qui nh ca bn cnh chu nn (MPa).

326

Tiu chun thit k cu

Phi xc nh sc khng un ca mi bn cnh theo cch xc nh sc khng un ca bn cnh c

mt ct khng c chc theo iu 6.10.4.2.4.

Nu khng th:

i vi cc mt ct lin hp trong trng thi lm vic cui cng ca chng, vic nghin cu phi
c tin hnh theo quy nh ca iu 6.10.4.2.5 v on ngang do xon ca mt ct lin hp,
hoc

i vi mt ct khng lin hp hoc b tr cu to thi cng ca cc mt ct lin hp, vic

nghin cu phi c tin hnh theo qui nh cc iu 6.10.4.2.6 v on ngang do xon ca mt
ct khng lin hp.

6.10.4.1. Xc nh sc khng un
Mi mt ct c d kin t ti Mp phi c ging theo phng ngang.
6.10.4.2.1. Sc khng un ca cc mt ct c chc thng thng
Phi ly sc khng un danh nh nh sau:
Mn = Mp

(6.10.4.2.1-1)

trong :
Mn

sc khng un danh nh (N-mm)

6.10.4.2.2. Sc khng un dng ca mt ct lin hp c chc.

6.10.4.2.2a. Tng qut
Nu mt ct ang nghin cu nm trong :

Mt nhp n, hoc

Mt nhp lin tc c cc mt ct c chc trong min chu un m trn cc gi ta bn trong, sc

khng un danh nh ca mt ct lin hp c trong min chu un dng phi c ly nh sau:

Nu Dp D

th:
Mn = Mp

(6.10.4.2.2a-1)

Nu D < Dp 5D th:

Mn =

5M p 0,85M y
4

0,85M y M p D p
4

( 6.10.4.2.2a-2)

trong :
Dp

khong cch t nh bn ti trc trung ho ti lc mmen do (mm).

khong cch c quy nh iu 6.10.4.2.2b (mm)

My

kh nng chu mmen chy ban u ca mt ct lin hp ngn hn chu mmen dng
(N-mm)

Nu khng th sc khng un danh nh c th c xc nh bng mt trong cc phng php sau

nhng khng c ly ln hn gi tr ca Mn c tnh ton t Phng trnh 1 hoc Phng trnh 2.

327

Tiu chun thit k cu

Phng php gn ng:
Mn = 1,3 Rh.My

(6.10.4.2.2a-3)

Phng php chnh xc:

Mn = Rh.My + A [Mnp - Mcp]

(6.10.4.2.2a-4)

trong :
Rh

h s lai c quy nh trong iu 6.10.4.3.1

i vi cc nhp bin, bng khong cch t gi bin n v tr mt ct ngang trong nhp

chia cho chiu di nhp. i vi cc nhp trong bng 1,0

Mcp

mmen do cc ti trng tnh ton gy ra gi trong ng thi vi mmen un dng

ln nht mt ct ngang ang xt (N-mm).

Mnp

sc khng un danh nh mt gi trong (N-mm)

Tr s ca [ Mnp - Mcp] i vi cc nhp trong phi ly bng tr s nh hn trong s cc gi tr cc

u nhp.
Khi dng phng php chnh xc, mmen dng tng ng khng c vt qu RhMy i vi ti
trng tnh ton gy ra mmen m ln nht gi lin k.
6.10.4.2.2b. Cc yu cu v tnh do
Mt cu b tng phi c bo v khng b v do p btng cn non tui v b ch dc khi mt ct
lin hp tin dn ti m men do. iu quy nh y c th dng thay cho cc phng php chnh
xc hn tho mn yu cu trn.
i vi cc mt ct lin hp c chu un dng, nu m men do tc dng ca ti trng tnh ton,
gy ra ng sut bn cnh vt qu cng chy ca mi bn cnh, nhn vi h s lai Rh th mt ct
phi tho mn:

Dp

D'

(6.10.4.2.2b-1)

trong :
D =

d + ts + th
7,5

y:

0,9 i vi Fy = 250 MPa

0,7 i vi Fy = 345 MPa

(6.10.4.2.2b-2)

Tiu chun thit k cu

328
Dp
=
khong cch t nh bn ca mt ct lin hp ti trc trung ho ti m men do (mm)
d

chiu cao ca mt ct thp

th

b dy ca nch b tng pha trn ca bn cnh trn (mm)

ts

b dy ca bn b tng (mm)

6.10.4.2.3. Tnh sc khng un da trn cng thc Q theo cch tu chn

Sc khng un Mn c th c ly theo gi tr nh hn ca:

Mn = Mp hoc

(6.10.4.2.3-1)

0,7 Q p Q fl
Mn = 1 1
M p

M p Q p 0,7

(6.10.4.2.3-2)

trong :

i vi cc mt ct khng i xng:

Mp
3,13, hoc
M y

Qp = 5,47

(6.10.4.2.3-3)

i vi cc mt ct i xng:
Qp = 3,0

(6.10.4.2.3-4)

bt
E
0,382
Fyc
2t f

(6.10.4.2.3-5)

v
Nu:

Qfl =

30,5

(6.10.4.2.3-6)

2D cp
tw

nu khng th:

Qfl =

4.45
bf

2t f

2D cp

E
Fyc

tw

trong :
Mp

m men do

Fyc

cng chy nh nht quy nh ca bn cnh chu nn (MPa)

My

m men chy c quy nh trong iu 6.10.3.1.2 (N-mm)

(6.10.4.2.3-7)

329

Tiu chun thit k cu

6.10.4.2.4. Sc khng un ca bn cnh c mt ct khng c chc
Sc khng un danh nh ca mi bn cnh, khi xt v ng sut phi c ly nh sau:
Fn = Rb Rh Fyf

(6.10.4.2.4-1)

trong :
Rh

h s lai c quy nh iu 6.10.4.3.1

Rb

h s truyn ti trng c quy nh iu 6.10.4.3.2

Fyf

cng chy nh nht quy nh ca cnh (MPa)

6.10.4.2.5. Sc khng un ca bn cnh ca mt ct lin hp chu on khi xon ngang

6.10.4.2.5a. Cc bn cnh chu nn

Sc khng un danh nh ca bn cnh chu nn, xt v ng sut phi c xc nh bng:

E
,
Fyc

L b L r = 4,44rt

Nu:

Lb
rt

Fn = Cb Rb Rh Fyc 1,33 0,187

nu khng th

Fyc

Rb Rh Fyc
E

9,86 E
Rb Rh Fyc
Fn = Cb Rb Rh
2

L b
rt

(6.10.4.2.5a-1)

(6.10.4.2.5a-2)

trong :

i vi cc dm hng khng c ging hoc i vi cc cu kin m m men trong phm vi ln

ca on dm khng c ging vt qua gi tr ln hn trong hai gi tr ca cc m men mt
u ca on dm ta ly:

Cb = 1,0 ; hoc

i vi cc trng hp khc:

(6.10.4.2.5a-3)

P
Cb = 1,75 1,05 l
Ph

P
+ 0,3 l

Ph

2,3

(6.10.4.2.5a-4)

trong :
Cb

h s iu chnh gradient mmen.

Pl

lc trong bn cnh chu nn ti im ging ng vi lc c gi tr thp hn di tc dng

ca ti trng tnh ton (N)

Ph

lc trong bn cnh chu nn ti im ging ng vi lc c gi tr cao hn do tc dng ca

ti trng tnh ton (N).

Lb

chiu di on khng c ging (mm)

rt

bn knh hi chuyn ca mt mt ct quy c gm bn cnh chu nn ca mt ct thp cng

vi mt phn ba chiu cao ca bn bng chu nn ly i vi trc thng ng (mm).

Tiu chun thit k cu

Fyc =
cng chy nh nht quy nh ca bn cnh chu nn (Mpa)
Rh

h s lai c quy nh iu 6.10.4.3.1

Rb

h s xt n on cc b c quy nh iu 6.10.4.3.2

330

(Pl /Ph) phi ly gi tr m nu Pl l mt lc ko.

6.10.4.2.5b. Cc bn cnh chu ko
Sc khng un danh nh ca bn cnh chu ko khi xt v ng sut, phi c xc nh nh di
y:
Fn = Rb Rh Fyt

(6.10.4.2.5b-1).

trong :
Fyt

cng chy nh nht quy nh (MPa) ca bn cnh chu ko.

6.10.4.2.6. Sc khng un ca mt ct khng lin hp b on do xon ngang

6.10.4.2.6a. Cc bn cnh chu nn
Sc khng un danh nh phi c xc nh nh sau:
Nu:

C sn tng cng dc hoc

2D c
E
b
,
tw
Fyc

I yc
Mn = 3.14E Cb Rh
Lb

+ 9,87 d
0,772
L

I
b

yc

R h M y

(6.10.4.2.6a-1)

Khng th :
Nu:

L b L r = 4,44

I yc d E
,
S xc Fyc

Lb Lp
L L
p
r

Mn = CbRbRhMy 1 0,5

RbRhMy

(6.10.4.2.6a-2)

Khng th:

My Lr
Rb Rh My
Mn = Cb Rb Rh
2 L b

(6.10.4.2.6a-3)

331

Tiu chun thit k cu

J=

Dt 3w
+
3

Lp = 1,76rt

b f t 3f
3

E
Fyc

(6.10.4.2.6a-4)

(6.10.4.2.6a-5)

trong :

5,76 i vi cc cu kin c din tch bn cnh chu nn bng hoc ln hn din tch bn
cnh chu ko

4,64 i vi cc cu kin c din tch bn cnh chu nn nh hn din tch bn cnh chu
ko

Cb

h s iu chnh gradient m men

Iyc

m men qun tnh ca bn cnh chu ko ca mt ct thp i vi trc thng ng trong

mt phng bn bng (mm4)

Sxc

m un mt ct i vi trc nm ngang ca mt ct c lin quan n bn cnh chu nn

(mm3)

My

m men chy i vi bn cnh chu nn c quy nh iu 6.10.3.3.1

Rh

h s lai c quy nh iu 6.10.4.3.1

rt

bn knh qun tnh nh nht ca mt ct chu nn i vi trc thng ng (mm)

tf

b dy bn cnh chu nn (mm)

Fyc

cng chy nh nht quy nh ca bn cnh chu nn (MPa)

6.10.4.2.6b. Cc bn cnh chu ko

Sc khng un danh nh ca bn cnh chu ko, xt v ng sut phi c xc nh nh di y:
Fn = Rb Rh Fyt

(6.10.4.2.6b-1)

trong :
Fyt

cng chy nh nht quy nh bn cnh chu ko (MPa)

6.10.4.3. Cc h s gim ng sut bn cnh

6.10.4.3.1. H s lai Rh
6.10.4.3.1a. Tng qut
i vi cc mt ct ng nht, Rh c ly bng 1,0.
i vi cc mt ct lai khi ng sut c hai bn cnh, di tc dng ca ti trng tnh ton, khng
vt qu cng chy ca bn bng th h s lai Rh ly bng 1,0.
i vi cc mt ct lai trong mt bn cnh t ti cng chy di tc dng ca ti trng tnh
ton, th dng mt trong hai iu 6.10.4.3.1b hoc 6.10.4.3.1c, hoc c hai iu.

332

Tiu chun thit k cu

Khng nn p dng h s gim cho cc mt ct c chc v nh hng ca vt liu cng thp hn

bn bng c tnh b khi tnh ton m men do nh c quy nh iu 6.10.3.1.3.
6.10.4.3.1b. un dng
i vi sc khng un ca mt ct lai lin hp chu un dng, phi ly h s gim do lai nh sau:
(1 )2 (3 + )

6 + (3 )

Rh = 1

(6.10.4.3.1b-1)

trong :

Fyw/Fyb

Aw/Afb

dn/d

dn

khong cch t th ngoi ca bn cnh di ti trc trung ho ca mt ct lin hp ngn

hn c bin i (mm)

chiu cao ca mt ct thp (mm)

Fyb

cng chy nh nht quy nh ca cnh di (MPa)

Fyw

cng chy nh nht quy nh ca bn bng (MPa)

Aw

din tch ca bn bng (mm2)

Afb

din tch bn cnh di (mm2)

6.10.4.3.1c. un m
Trng hp trung ho ca cc mt ct lin hp lai c xc nh theo quy nh ca iu 6.10.3.1.4a,
nm trong phm vi 10% ca chiu cao bn bng k t gia bn bng, h s lai phi ly l:

Rh =

12 + 3 3
12 + 2

(6.10.4.3.1c-1)

trong :

Fyw/ffl

2Aw/Atf

Atf

i vi cc mt ct lin hp, tng din tch ca c hai bn cnh thp v ct thp dc nm

trong mt ct; i vi cc mt ct khng lin hp, din tch ca c hai bn cnh thp
(mm2)

ffl

tr s nh hn gia cng chy nh nht quy nh v ng sut do ti trng tnh ton

gy ra mi bn cnh (MPa)

i vi cc mt ct lai lin hp khc chu un m, h s lai phi c ly l:

Rh =

M yr
My

(6.10.4.3.1c-2)

333

Tiu chun thit k cu

trong
Myr

m men chy m s chy bn bng c tnh n (N-mm)

My

sc khng chy, khi xt v m men v b qua s chy bn bng (N-mm)

6.10.4.3.2. H s truyn ti trngRb

6.10.4.3.2a. Cc bn cnh chu nn

Nu c tng cng theo phng dc, hoc

2D c
E
b
tw
fc

(6.10.4.3..2a-1)

Nu khng th

2D c
E
ar

b
Rb = 1

fc
1200 + 300a r t w

(6.10.4.3.2a-2)

2D c t w
Ac

(6.10.4.3.2a-3)

vi

ar =
trong :

5,76 i vi cc cu kin c din tch bn cnh chu nn bng hoc ln hn din tch bn
cnh chu ko

4,64 i vi cc cu kin c din tch bn cnh chu nn bng hoc nh hn din tch
bn cnh chu ko

fc

ng sut trong bn cnh chu nn ang xt do tc dng ca ti trng tnh ton (MPa)

Ac

din tch ca bn cnh chu nn (mm2)

6.10.4.3.2b. Cc bn cnh chu ko

i vi cc bn cnh chu ko, Rb ly bng 1,0

6.10.4.4. S phn phi li m men theo phn tch n hi

i vi cc cu kin chu un ca nhp thp lin tc c chc cho chu un m, l thp cn hoc c
ch to t thp c cng chy khng ln hn 345 MPa v c cc mt ct lin hp hoc khng lin
hp chu un m tho mn cc yu cu ca cc iu 6.10.4.1.2 v 6.10.4.1.3; 6.10.4.1.6a hoc
6.10.4.1.6b v 6.10.4.17 th m men m trn cc tr do tc dng ca ti trng tnh ton xc nh bng
phng php n hi, c th c trit gim nhiu nht l 10%. Km theo s trit gim , phi tng
m men trn ton b cc nhp k bn, tng ng v mt tnh hc v ly tri du gim m men
m cc gi lin k. S phn phi li m men khng c p dng cho m men m dm hng.

Bng cch khc, i vi cc mt ct c, s phn phi li c th c lng bng cch p dng cc

phng php phi n hi c ch dn iu 6.10.10.

Tiu chun thit k cu

6.10.5. Kim tra trng thi gii hn s dng v vng di hn

334

6.10.5.1. Tng qut

Phi p dng t hp ti trng s dng Bng 3.4.1-1.

C th p dng cc quy nh ca iu 6.10.4 v phn tch n hi v phi n hi. Vn s dng cch ny

(tc l n hi v phi n hi) kim tra c trng thi gii hn cng ln cc yu cu v vng di
hn.

6.10.5.2. Phn phi li mmen theo phn tch n hi

i vi cc cu kin tun th vi iu 6.10.4.4, khi nghin cu vng di hn, c th da trn tnh ton
theo phn phi li mnen.
ng sut bn cnh trong un dng v un m khng c vt qu:

i vi c hai bn cnh ca mt ct lin hp :

ff 0,95 Rb Rh Fyf

(6.10.5.2-1)

i vi c hai bn cnh ca mt ct khng lin hp

ff 0,80 Rb Rh Fyf

(6.10.5.2-2)

trong :
ff

ng sut bn cnh dm n hi do ti trng tnh ton gy ra (MPa)

Rb

h s truyn ti trng quy nh iu 6.10.4.3.2

Rh

h s lai c quy nh iu 6.10.4.3.1

Fyf

cng chy nh nht quy nh ca bn cnh (MPa).

6.10.6. Cc yu cu v mi i vi bn bng

6.10.6.1. Tng qut

Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu ny kim tra un ngoi mt phng ca bn bng do un hoc ct
di tc dng lp i lp li ca hot ti

6.10.6.2. Ti trng mi
ng sut un do hot ti v ng sut ct do ti trng mi nh c quy nh iu 3.6.1.4 phi ly
bng hai ln cc gi tr c tnh theo t hp ti trng mi Bng 3.4.1-1

6.10.6.3. Un
Cc bn bng khng c g tng cng dc phi tho mn cc yu cu sau:
Nu

2D c
E
5,70
Fyw
tw

fcf = Fyw

(6.10.6.3-1)

335

Tiu chun thit k cu

Nu khng th

f cf

t
32,5 E w
2D c

(6.10.6.3- 2)

trong :
fcf

ng sut nn n hi ln nht trong cch khi chu un do tc dng ca ti trng di hn

cha nhn h s v ca ti trng mi theo quy nh iu 6.10.6.2 c ly bng ng
sut un ln nht bn bng (MPa)

Fyw

cng chy nh nht quy nh ca bng (MPa)

Dc

chiu cao ca bn bng chu nn trong phm vi n hi (m)

6.10.6.4. Ct
Phi b tr cc bn bng ca cc mt ct ng nht c g tng cng ngang v c hoc khng c g tng
cng dc c b tr tho mn :
Vcf = 0,58 CFyw

(6.10.6.4-1)

trong :
Vcf

ng sut ct n hi ln nht bn bng do tc dng ca ti trng di hn tiu chun v

ca ti trng mi nh c quy nh iu 6.10.6.2 (MPa).

t s ng lc on do ct vi cng chy do ct nh c quy nh iu 6.10.6.7.3.3a.

Fyw

cng chy nh nht quy nh ca bn bng (MPa).

6.10.7. Sc khng ct

6.10.7.1. Tng qut

Sc khng ct tnh ton ca dm hoc dm t hp Vr phi c ly l:
Vr = v Vn

(6.10.7.1-1)

Vn

sc khng ct danh nh c quy nh cc iu 6.10.7.2 v 6.10.7.3 ln lt i vi

cc bn bng khng c g tng cng v c g tng cng.

h s khng ct c quy nh iu 6.5.4.2

Cc g tng cng ngang trung gian gia phi c thit k theo quy nh ca iu 6.10.8.1. Cc g
tng cng dc phi c thit k theo quy nh iu 6.10.8.3.
Cc khoang bn bng c tng cng ca mt ct ng nht phi c nghin cu v chu ct di tc
dng ca hot ti lp nh quy nh iu 6.10.4.4 v v tng tc lc ct un nh quy nh
6.10.7.3.3
Cc khoang trong ca bn bng dm ng nht v dm lai:

iu

Tiu chun thit k cu

336
Khi khng c g tng cng dc v c khong cch gia cc g tng cng ngang khng qu 3D
hoc

Khi c g tng cng dc v khong cch gia cc g tng cng ngang khng qu 1,5 ln chiu
cao ln nht cu khoang ph.

Phi c xem nh l c tng cng v phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 6.10.7.3. Nu khc i,

panen phi c xem nh l khng c tng cng v phi p dng cc quy nh ca
iu
6.10.7.2.

Cc quy nh i vi cc panen bin phi theo quy nh trong iu 6.10.7.3.3c hoc 6.10.7.3.4.
Mmen ng thi phi xem xt ch khi tc dng di ko c p dng.

6.10.7.2. Sc khng danh nh ca cc bn bng khng c tng cng

Sc khng ct danh nh ca cc bn bng khng c tng cng ca cc dm lai v rm ng nht phi
c ly nh sau:
Nu

E
D
2,46
,
Fyw
tw

Nu

2,46

Nu

D
E
> 3,07
,
tw
Fyw

E
E
D
<
3,07
,
Fyw
Fyw t w

th:

Vn = Vp = 0,58FywDtw

(6.10.7.2-1)

th:

Vn = 1,48t 2w EFyw

(6.10.7.2-2)

th:

Vn =

4,55t 3w E
D

(6.10.7.2-3)

trong :
Fyw

cng chy nh nht quy nh ca bn bng (MPa)

chiu cao bn bng (mm)

tw

chiu dy bn bng (mm)

6.10.7.3. Sc khng danh nh ca cc bn bng c tng cng

6.10.7.3.1. Tng qut

Sc khng ct danh nh ca cc panen bin v pha trong ca bn bng c tng cng ngang hoc
ngang v dc phi nh quy nh trong cc iu 6.10.7.3.3 v 6.10.7.3.4 i vi cc mt ct thun nht v
lai tng ng. Tng chiu cao bn bng, D, phi c s dng trong xc nh sc khng ct danh nh ca
cc panen bn bng c cc g tng cng dc. Cc g tng cng ngang phi c b tr cch nhau s
dng lc ct ln nht trong panen.
Cc g tng cng phi tha mn cc yu cu quy nh trong iu 6.10.8.
6.10.7.3.2. Yu cu bc xp

i vi cc panen bn bng khng c g tng cng dc, phi s dng g tng cng ngang, nu
D
> 150
tw
Khong cch gia cc g tng cng ngang, do, phi tho mn.

(6.10.7.3.2-1)

337

Tiu chun thit k cu

260
do D

(Dlt w )

(6.10.7.3.2-2)

6.10.7.3.3. Cc mt ct thun nht

6.10.7.3.3a. Cc panen pha trong ca cc mt ct c chc

Sc khng ct danh nh ca cc panen bn bng pha trong ca cc mt ct c chc theo cc quy nh

ca iu 6.10.7.1 phi c ly nh sau:

Nu

Nu

Mu 0,5 f Mp , th

Mu > 0,5 f Mp , th

0,87(1 - C)
Vn = Vp C +

do

1+

(6.10.7.3.3a-1)

0,87(1 - C)
Vn = RVp C +
CVp
2

do

1+

(6.10.7.3.3a-2)

vi

R = 0,6 + 0,4

Mr Mu

M r 0,75 M y
f

Vp = 0,58 Fyw Dtw

(6.10.7.3.3a-3)
(6.10.7.3.3a-4)

trong :
Mu

mmen ln nht trong panen ang nghin cu do cc ti trng tnh ton (N-mm)

Vn

sc khng ct danh nh (N)

Vp

lc ct do (N)

Mr

sc khng un tnh ton nh quy nh trong iu 6.10.2.1 (N-mm)

h s sc khng i vi un quy nh trong iu 6.5.4.2

My

mmen chy theo quy nh trong cc iu 6.10.5.1.2 hoc 6.10.6.1.1 (N-mm)

chiu cao bn bng

do

khong cch gia cc g tng cng (mm)

t s ca ng sut on ct vi cng chy ct

T s C phi c xc nh theo quy nh di y :

D

Nu

tw

Nu

1,10

1,10

Ek
D
Ek

1,38
,
Fyw t w
Fyw

Ek

, th C = 1

(6.10.7.3.3a-5)

Fyw

th

C=

1,10 Ek
D Fyw
tw

(6.10.7.3.3a-6)

338

Tiu chun thit k cu

D
Ek
> 1,38
,
tw
Fyw

Nu

th

C=

1,52 Ek
2

D Fyw

tw

(6.10.7.3.3a-7)

vi
k = 5+

5
do

D

(6.10.7.3.3a-8)

6.10.7.3.3b. Cc panen pha trong ca cc mt ct khng c chc

Sc khng ct danh nh ca cc panen pha trong bn bng ca cc mt ct khng c chc theo cc quy
nh ca iu 6.10.7.1 phi ly nh sau:

Nu fu 0,75 f Fy ,

0,87 (1 C )
th Vn = Vp C +

do
1+

(6.10.7.3.3b-1)

Nu fu > 0,75 f Fy ,

(
)
0,87 1 C
th Vn = RVp C +
CVp
2

d
1+ o

(6.10.7.3.3b-2)

Fr f u
F 0,75 F
f y
r

R = 0,6 + 0,4

vi :

(6.10.7.3.3b-3)

trong :
fu

ng sut ln nht trong bn cnh chu nn trong panen ang xem xt do ti trng tnh ton
(MPa)

t s ca ng sut on ct vi cng chy ct nh quy nh trong iu 6.10.7.3.3a

Ff

sc khng un tnh ton ca bn cnh chu nn, trong fu c xc nh nh quy nh trong

iu 6.10.2.1 (MPa)

6.10.7.3.3c. Cc panen bin

Sc khng ct danh nh ca panen bin phi c gii hn n s on ct hoc lc chy ct v c ly

nh sau:

339

Tiu chun thit k cu

vi:

Vn = CVp

(6.10.7.3.3c-1)

Vp = 0,58 Fyw D tw

(6.10.7.3.3c-2)

trong :
C

t s ca ng sut on ct vi cng ct chy nh quy nh trong iu 6.10.7.3.3a

Vp

lc ct do (N).

Khong cch ca g tng cng ngang i vi cc panen bin khng c g tng cng dc khng c
vt qu 1,5 D. Khong cch g tng cng ngang i vi cc panen bin c g tng cng dc khng
c vt qu 1,5 ln chiu cao ca panen ph ln nht.
6.10.7.3.4. Cc mt ct lai

Cc yu cu khong cch ca g tng cng ngang ca iu 6.10.7.3.3c khng p dng cho cc mt ct

lai.
Cng ct danh nh ca cc panen bin v bn trong bn bng c gii hn n on ct hoc lc
chy ct, c ly nh sau:
Vn = CVp

(6.10.7.3.4-1)

6.10.7.4. Cc neo chng ct

6.10.7.4.1. Tng qut

Trong cc mt ct lin hp, phi lm cc neo ch U hoc neo inh chng ct mt tip xc gia bn mt
cu b tng v mt ct thp chu lc ct mt tip xc.
cc cu kin lin hp nhp gin n phi lm cc neo chng ct sut chiu di ca nhp.
cc cu lin hp lin tc thng nn lm cc neo chng ct sut chiu di cu. Trong cc vng un m
phi lm cc neo chng ct ni m ct thp dc c xem l mt phn ca mt ct lin hp. Mt khc,
cc neo chng ct khng cn phi lm trong cc vng un m, nhng phi t cc neo b sung trong
vng ca cc im un tnh ti theo quy nh trong iu 6.10.7.4.3.
ni m cc neo chng ct c s dng trong cc vng un m, ct thp dc phi c ko di vo
vng un dng theo quy nh trong iu 6.10.1.2.
6.10.7.4.1a. Cc kiu neo

Cc neo ch U v neo inh chng ct phi c thit k theo cc quy nh ca iu ny.

Cc neo chng ct cn thuc mt kiu m kiu cho php khi m k b tng th bo m ton b cc
b mt ca chng c tip xc vi b tng. Cc neo phi c kh nng chng li c hai chuyn v thng
ng v nm ngang gia b tng v thp.
T l ca chiu cao vi ng knh ca neo inh chu ct khng c nh hn 4,0.
Cc neo ch U chng ct phi c cc ng hn khng nh hn 5 mm t dc theo chn v gt ca thp
U.

340

Tiu chun thit k cu

6.10.7.4.1b. Bc neo

Bc ca cc neo chng ct phi c xc nh tha mn trng thi gii hn mi theo quy nh trong
iu 6.10.7.4.2 v 6.10.7.4.3 khi c th p dng c. S lng tnh ra ca cc neo chng ct khng c
nh hn s lng yu cu tha mn trng thi gii hn cng nh quy nh trong iu 6.10.7.4.4.
Bc ca cc neo chng ct khng c nh hn:
p

nZ r l
Vsr Q

(6.10.7.4.1b-1)

trong :
p

bc ca cc neo chng ct dc theo trc dc (mm)

s lng cc neo chng ct trong mt mt ct ngang

mmen qun tnh ca mt ct lin hp ngn hn (mm4)

mmen th nht ca din tch quy i i vi trc trung ha ca mt ct lin hp thi ngn
hn (mm3)

Vsr

phm vi lc ct di LL+ I xc nh cho trng thi gii hn mi

Zr

sc khng mi chu ct ca mt neo chng ct ring l theo quy nh trong iu 6.10.7.4.2 (N).

Bc t tim n tim ca cc neo chng ct khng c vt qu 600 mm v khng c nh hn 6 ln

ng knh inh.
6.10.7.4.1c. Khong cch ngang

Cc neo chng ct phi c t theo phng ngang, ngang qua bn cnh trn ca tit din thp v c th
t cch khong theo cc c ly u hoc thay i.
Cc neo inh chng ct khng c t gn hn 4 ln ng knh t tim n tim theo phng ngang n
trc dc ca cu kin ta.
Khong cch tnh gia mp ca bn cnh trn v mp ca neo chng cht gn nht khng c nh hn
25 mm.
6.10.7.4.1d. Lp ph v chn su

Chiu cao tnh ca lp b tng ph trn cc nh ca cc neo chng ct khng c nh hn 50 mm.

Cc neo chng ct cn c chn su t nht 50 mm vo trong mt cu.
6.10.7.4.2. Sc khng mi ca cc neo chng ct trong cc mt ct lin hp

Sc khng mi ca neo chng ct ring l, Z, phi c ly nh sau:

Zr = d 2

38,0d 2
2

= 238 - 29,5 LogN

vi:
trong :
d

ng knh ca neo inh (mm)

(6.10.7.4.2-1)
(6.10.7.4.2-2)

341

Tiu chun thit k cu

s chu k quy nh trong iu 6.6.1.2.5

Bc neo phi c xc nh t Phng trnh 6.10.7.4.1b-1, s dng tr s Zr v phm vi lc ct Vsr.

nh hng ca neo chng ct ln sc khng mi ca bn cnh phi c nghin cu bng s dng cc

quy nh ca iu 6.6.1.2.
6.10.7.4.3. Cc yu cu c bit i vi cc im un tnh ti
ni m cc dm lin hp li khng lin hp i vi s un m, phi lm cc neo chu ct b sung
trong vng cc im un tnh ti.

S lng cc neo b sung, nAC phi c ly nh sau:

nAC =

A r fsr
Zr

(6.10.7.4.3-1)

trong :
Ar

tng din tch ct thp trong phm vi chiu rng hiu dng ca bn cnh (mm2)

fsr

phm vi ng sut trong ct thp dc quy nh trong iu 5.5.3.1 (MPa)

Zr

sc khng mi chu ct ca mt neo chng ct ring l theo quy nh iu 6.10.7.4.2 (N)

Cc neo chng ct b sung phi c t trong phm vi khong cch bng mt phn ba ca chiu rng
hiu dng ca bn v mi bn ca im un tnh ti. Cn t cc mi ni hin trng sao cho chng
khng gy tr ngi cho cc neo chng ct.
6.10.7.4.4. Trng thi gii hn cng
6.10.7.4.4a. Tng qut

Sc khng tnh ton ca cc neo chng ct Q phi c ly nh sau:

Qr = sc Qn

(6.10.7.4.4a-1)

trong :
Qn

sc khng danh nh theo quy nh trong iu 6.10.7.4-4c.

sc

h s sc khng i vi cc neo chng ct theo quy nh trong iu 6.5.4.2

S lng neo chng ct b tr gia mt ct mmen dng ln nht v mi im k mmen 0,0 , hoc gia
mi im k mmen 0,0 v tim ca tr pha trong khng c nh hn:
n=

Vh
Qr

(6.10.7.4.4a-2)

trong :
Vh

lc ct nm ngang danh nh theo quy nh trong iu 6.10.7.4.4b

Qr

sc khng ct tnh ton ca mt neo chng ct quy nh trong iu 6.10.7.4.4a

342

Tiu chun thit k cu

6.10.7.4.4b. Lc ct nm ngang danh nh

Tng lc ct nm ngang, Vh. gia im mmen dng ln nht v mi im k ca mmen 0,0 phi nh
hn ca hoc:
Vh = 0.85 fcbts

(6.10.7.4.4b-1)

Vh = FywD tw + Fyt bt tt + Fyc bf tf

(6.10.7.4.4b-2)

hoc:
trong :

fc

cng nn 28 ngy quy nh ca b tng (MPa)

chiu rng hiu dng ca bn (mm)

bc

chiu rng ca bn cnh chu nn (mm)

bt

chiu rng ca bn cnh chu ko (mm)

ts

chiu dy ca bn (mm)

Fyw

cng chy nh nht quy nh ca bn bng (MPa)

Fyt

cng chy nh nht quy nh ca bn cnh chu ko (MPa)

Fyc

cng chy nh nht quy nh ca bn cnh chu nn (MPa)

chiu cao ca bn bng (mm)

tt

chiu dy ca bn cnh chu ko (mm)

tf

chiu dy ca bn cnh chu nn (mm,)

tw

chiu dy ca bn bng (mm)

i vi cc mt ct lin hp nhp lin tc, tng lc ct nm ngang gia mi im k ca mmen 0,0 v

tim ca gi pha trong phi ly nh sau:
Vh = Ar Fyr

(6.10.7.4.4b-3)

trong :
Ar

tng din tch ca ct thp dc trn tr pha trong, trong phm vi chiu rng hiu dng
ca bn (mm2)

Fyr

cng chy nh nht quy nh ca ct thp dc (MPa)

6.10.7.4.4c. Sc khng ct danh nh

Sc khng ct danh nh ca mt neo inh chu ct c bc trong bn b tng phi c ly nh sau:

Qn = 0,5Asc

f c' E c A sc Fu

(6.10.7.4.4c-1)

trong :
Asc

din tch mt ct ngang ca neo inh chu ct (mm2)

f c'

cng nn 28 ngy quy nh ca b tng (MPa)

Ec

mun n hi ca b tng theo quy nh trong iu 5.4.2.4 (MPa)

Fu

cng ko nh nht quy nh ca neo nh chu ct c quy nh trong iu 6.4.4 (MPa)

Sc khng ct danh nh ca mt neo ch U chu ct c chn trong bn b tng phi ly nh sau :

Qn = 0,3 (t f + 0.5t w ) L c f' c E c
trong :
tf

chiu dy bn cnh ca neo U chu ct (mm)

(6.10.7.4.4c-2)

Tiu chun thit k cu

tw
=
chiu dy bn bng ca neo U chu ct (mm)

Lc

343

chiu di ca neo U chu ct (mm).

6.10.8. G tng cng

6.10.8.1. G tng cng ngang trung gian

6.10.8.1.1. Tng qut

Cc g tng cng ngang gm c cc tm hoc thp gc c hn hoc lin kt bng bulng vo hoc
mt hoc c hai bn ca bn bng.
Cc g tng cng khng s dng nh l cc tm ni phi lp kht cht vo bn cnh chu nn, nhng
khng cn phi p vo mt bn cnh chu ko.
Cc g tng cng c s dng nh cc tm ni cho cc vch ngang hoc cc khung ngang phi c
lin kt vo c hai bn cnh bng hn hoc bt bulng.
Khong cch gia u ca mi hn g tng cng vo bn bng v mp gn ca ng hn bn cnh vo
bn bng phi khng nh hn 4tw hoc ln hn 6tw.
6.10.8.1.2. Chiu rng phn th ra (phn cha )

Chiu rng, bt, ca mi phn cha ca g tng cng phi tha mn:

50 +

d
E
b t 0.48t p
30
Fys

(6.10.8.1.2-1)

v
16,0 tp bt 0,25 bf

(6.10.8.1.2-2)

trong :
d

chiu cao mt ct thp (mm)

tp

chiu dy ca phn t cha ra (mm)

Fys

cng chy nh nht quy nh ca g tng cng (MPa)

bf

ton b chiu rng ca bn cnh thp trong mt mt ct (mm)

6.10.8.1.3. Mmen qun tnh

Mmen qun tnh ca bt k g tng cng ngang no u phi tha mn:

It do tw3 J

(6.10.8.1.3-1)

vi

Dp
J = 2,5
do

2,0 0,5

(6.10.8.1.3-2)

trong :
It

tw

mmen qun tnh ca g tng cng ngang quanh mp tip xc vi bn bng i vi cc g

n v quanh trc gia chiu dy ca bn bng i vi cc g kp (mm4)
chiu dy bn bng (mm)

Tiu chun thit k cu

344
do
=
khong cch ca g tng cng ngang (mm)
=
chiu cao bn bng i vi cc bn bng khng c cc g tng cng dc hoc chiu cao ln
Dp
nht ca panen ph i vi cc bn bng c cc g tng cng dc (mm).

Cc g tng cng ngang s dng kt hp vi cc sn tng cng dc cng phi tha mn:

b D
I t t
b l 3,0d o

I l

(6.10.8.1.3-3)

trong :
bt

chiu rng thit k ca g tng cng ngang (mm)

bl

chiu rng thit k ca g tng cng dc (mm)

Il

mmen qun tnh ca g tng cng dc ly qua mp tip xc vi bn bng, cn

c trn mt ct hiu dng theo quy nh trong iu 6.10.8.3.3 (mm4)

chiu cao bn bng (mm)

6.10.8.1.4. Din tch

Cc g tng cng ngang trung gian yu cu chu cc lc do tc ng ca di ko ca bn bng theo

quy nh trong iu 6.10.7.3 phi tha mn:

Fyw
V
A s 0.15BDt w (1.0 C ) u 18.0t 2w

Vr

Fys

(6.10.8.1.4-1)

trong :
Vr
Vu
As
B
B
B
C
Fyw
Fys

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

sc khng ct tnh ton theo quy nh trong iu 6.10.2.1 (N)

lc ct do cc ti trng tnh ton trng thi gii hn cng (N)
din tch g tng cng; tng din tch ca c i g tng cng (mm2)
1,0 cho cc i g tng cng
1,8 cho cc g tng cng n bng thp gc
2,4 cho cc g tng cng n bng thp tm
t s ng sut on ct vi cng chy ct theo quy nh iu 6.10.7.3.3a
cng chy nh nht quy nh ca bn bng (MPa)
cng chy nh nht quy nh ca g tng cng (MPa)

6.10.8.2. G tng cng ng v tr gi

6.10.8.2.1. Tng qut

Cc phn lc gi v cc ti trng tp trung khc, hoc trng thi cui cng hoc trong khi thi cng, phi
do cc g tng cng gi chu.
Cc g tng cng gi phi c t ln cc bn bng ca cc dm thp cn ti tt c cc v tr gi v
cc im ca cc ti trng tp trung khc m :
Vu > 0,75 b Vn

(6.10.8.2.1-1)

trong :
b

h s sc khng i vi gi quy nh iu 6.5.4.2

Vu

lc ct do cc ti trng tnh ton (N)

Vn

sc khng ct danh nh t iu 6.10.7 (N)

Cc g tng cng gi phi c t ln cc bn bng ca cc dm bn ti tt c cc v tr gi v ti

tt c cc v tr chu cc ti trng tp trung.

Tiu chun thit k cu

345
Cc g tng cng gi phi bao gm mt hoc nhiu thp bn hoc thp gc c lin kt bng hn hoc
bt bulng vo c hai bn ca bn bng. Cc mi ni vo bn bng phi c thit k truyn ton b
lc gi do cc ti trng tnh ton.

Cc g tng cng phi ko di ra ton b chiu cao ca bn bng v cng kht cng tt, ti cc mp
ngoi ca cc bn cnh.
Mi g tng cng phi c hoc mi lp kht vo bn cnh thng qua n nhn c phn lc,
hoc c gn vo bn cnh bng ng hn rnh ngu hon ton.
6.10.8.2.2. Chiu rng phn cha

Chiu rng, bt, ca mi phn cha ca g tng cng phi tha mn

b t 0.48t p

E
Fys

(6.10.8.2.2-1)

trong :
tp

chiu dy ca phn cha (mm)

Fys

cng chy nh nht quy nh ca g tng cng (MPa)

6.10.8.2.3. Sc khng ta

Sc khng ta tnh ton, Br phi c ly nh sau:

Br = b Apn Fys

(6.10.8.2.3-1)

trong :
Fys =
Apn =
b

cng chy nh nht quy nh ca g tng cng (MPa)

din tch phn cha ca g tng cng bn ngoi cc ng hn
bn bng vo bn cnh, nhng khng vt ra ngoi mp ca bn cnh (mm2)
h s sc khng ta c quy nh trong iu 6.5.4.2

6.10.8.2.4. Sc khng dc trc ca cc g tng cng ta.

6.10.8.2.4a. Tng qut

Sc khng tnh ton dc trc, Pr, phi c xc nh theo quy nh trong iu 6.9.2.1. Bn knh hi
chuyn phi c tnh i vi gia chiu dy ca bn bng v chiu di hiu dng phi bng 0,75D, trong
D l chiu cao ca bn bng.
6.10.8.2.4b. Mt ct hiu dng
i vi cc g tng cng c bt bulng vo bn bng, mt ct hiu dng ca ct hiu dng ch c
bao gm cc cu kin ca g tng cng.
i vi cc g tng cng c hn vo bn bng, mt ct hiu dng ca ct hiu dng phi bao gm tt
c cc cu kin ca g tng cng, cng vi di nm trung tm ca bn bng, ko di ra khng qu 9tw
sang mi bn ca cc cu kin phn cha pha ngoi ca nhm, nu nh s dng nhiu hn mt i g
tng cng.
Di ca bn bng khng c tnh vo trong mt ct hiu dng ti cc tr pha trong ca cc b
phn lai nhp lin tc, nu:

346

Tiu chun thit k cu

Fyw
Fyt

< 0,70

(6.10.8.2.4b-1)

trong :
Fyw

cng chy nh nht quy nh ca bn bng (MPa)

Fyf

s ln hn trong cc cng chy nh nht quy nh ca cc bn cnh (MPa)

6.10.8.3. Cc g tng cng dc

6.10.8.3.1. Tng qut
ni no yu cu, cc g tng cng dc c th gm hoc tm c hn dc vo mt bn ca bn bng,

hoc thp gc bt bulng, v phi c t mt khong cch 2Dc/5 t m trong ca bn cnh chu nn.
Dc l chiu cao ca bn bng chu nn mt ct c ng sut un nn ln nht.
6.10.8.3.2. Chiu rng phn cha

Chiu rng phn cha, bt, ca g tng cng phi tha mn:

b l 0,48t s

E
Fyc

(6.10.8.3.2-1)

trong :
ts

chiu dy ca g tng cng (mm)

Fyc

cng chy nh nht quy nh ca bn cnh chu nn lin k (MPa)

6.10.8.3.3. Mmen qun tnh

Cc c trng mt ct ca g tng cng phi cn c trn din tch hiu dng gm c g tng cng v
di trung tm ca bn bng khng vt qu 18tw.
Cc g tng cng dc phi tha mn:

347

Tiu chun thit k cu

d 2

I l Dt 3w 2,4 o 0,13
D

r 0,234d o

Fyc
E

(6.10.8.3.3-1)

(6.10.8.3.3-2)

trong :
Il

D
do
tw
Fyc

=
=
=
=

mmen qun tnh ca g tng cng dc v di bn bng quanh mp tip xc vi

bn bng (mm4)
bn knh hi chuyn ca g tng cng dc v di bn bng quanh mp tip xc vi bn
bng (mm)
chiu cao bn bng (mm)
khong cch g tng cng ngang (mm)
chiu dy bn bng (mm)
cng chy nh nht quy nh ca bn cnh chu nn lin k (MPa)

6.10.9. Cc bn tp

6.10.9.1. Tng qut

Chiu di ca bn tp bt k, Lcp, bng mm, thm vo mt b phn, phi tha mn:
L cp 2d s + 900

(6.10.9.1-1)

trong :
ds

chiu cao ca mt ct thp (mm)

Cc bn tp c hn trn mt phn chiu di khng c dng trn cc bn cnh dy hn 20 mm i vi

cc cu c ng tuyn lu khng d, chu cc ti trng lp gy ra lc ko hoc ng sut i du trong
bn cnh.
Chiu dy ln nht ca bn tp n trn bn cnh khng c ln hn hai ln chiu dy ca bn cnh m
bn tp c lin kt vo. Khng c dng bn tp hn nhiu lp.
Cc bn tp c th hoc rng hn hoc hp hn bn cnh m chng c lin kt vo.

6.10.9.2. Cc yu cu ca u bn tp
6.10.9.2.1. Tng qut

u tnh ton ca bn tp phi c ly bng mt ct ch m mmen, Mu, hoc ng sut un, Fu, do cc
ti trng tnh ton bng sc khng un tnh ton, Mr hoc Fr. Bn tp phi c ko di xa qu u tnh
ton cho:

Phm vi ng sut ca u thc t tha mn cc yu cu thch hp ca mi c quy nh trong iu

6.6.1.2, v

Lc dc trong bn tp do cc ti trng tnh ton u tnh ton c th pht trin bng cc mi hn

v/hoc cc bulng t gia cc u tnh ton v thc t.

Chiu rng cc u ca cc bn tp vut thon khng c nh hn 75 mm.

Tiu chun thit k cu

6.10.9.2.2. Cc u hn

348

Cc mi hn lin kt bn tp vo bn cnh gia cc u tnh ton v thc t phi y pht trin lc

tnh ton trong bn tp u tnh ton.
ch no cc bn tp rng hn bn cnh, cc mi hn khng c bao quanh cc u ca bn tp.

6.10.9.2.3. Cc u bt bulng
Cc bulng trong cc mi ni ma st ca bn tp vo bn cnh gia cc u tnh ton v thc t phi y
pht trin lc do cc ti trng tnh ton trong bn tp ti u l thuyt.
Sc khng trt ca mi ni u bt bulng phi c xc nh theo ng vi iu 6.13.2.8. Cc ng
hn dc lin kt bn tp vo bn cnh phi c lin tc v phi dng mt khong cch bng mt c ly
bulng trc hng th nht ca bulng trong phn u bt bulng. ch c cc bn tp u bt bulng,
ti liu hp ng phi quy nh rng chng c lp rp theo trnh t sau y:

Khoan cc l,

nh co sch cc b mt,

Lp cc bulng,

Hn cc tm.

6.10.10. Cc phng php phn tch phi n hi

6.10.10.1. Trng thi gii hn cng

6.10.10.1.1. Tng qut
C th p dng phng php phi n hi cho cc cu kin mt ct ch lin tc c chiu cao khng
i lin hp hoc khng lin hp, c cng chy ti thiu quy nh khng vt 345 MPa v tho
mn cc quy nh ca iu ny.
Phng php phn tch phi n hi trng thi gii hn cng phi tnh n:

S phn b li m men t cc khp do n cc phn cn li ca cu kin.

Cc c trng xoay do m men phi n hi ca cc mt ct yu cu phi chu c cc gc xoay

do v

Ti trng tc dng ring r vo cc mt ct thp ca cc cu kin lin hp.

S phn tch c th da trn hoc c cu lm vic hoc cc phng php t ng sut hp nht theo quy
nh trong cc iu 6.10.10.1.2 v 6.10.1.3.
Cc mt ct yu cu chu c cc gc xoay do b sung sau khi t c Mp phi tho mn mnh bn
bng, mnh bn cnh b nn, cc yu cu v ging bn cnh chu nn v cc yu cu v g tng cng
mt ct gi quy nh trong iu ny.
Cc mt ct lin hp un dng khng c php gi thit chu cc xoay phi n hi b sung thm sau khi
chng t c sc khng un tnh ton.

349

Tiu chun thit k cu

6.10.10.1.1a. mnh bn bng

mnh bn bng ca cc mt ct yu cu chu cc chuyn v xoay do phi tha mn:

2D cp
tw

3,76

E
Fyc

(6.10.10.1.1a-1)

trong :
Fyc

cng chy nh nht quy nh ca bn cnh chu nn (MPa)

Dcp

chiu cao ca bn bng chu nn (mm)

tw

chiu dy ca bn bng (mm)

6.10.10.1.1b. mnh bn cnh chu nn

mnh bn cnh chu nn ca mt ct yu cu chu cc chuyn v xoay do phi tha mn:

bf
E
0,382
Fyc
2t f

(6.10.1 0.1.1b-1)

trong :
bf

chiu rng ca ton b bn cnh (mm)

6.10.10.1.1c. Tng tc v mnh

Trong trng hp c mnh bn bng v mnh bn cnh chu nn ca cc mt ct cn thit phi chu
c cc gc xoay do vt qu 75% cc gi tr gii hn quy nh trong Phng trnh (6.10.10.1.1a-1) v
Phng trnh (6.10.10.1.1b-1) th phi s dng quan h tng tc v mnh sau:

2D cp
tw

b
+ 9,35 f
2t f

E
6,25
Fyc

(6.10.10.1.1c-1)

6.10.10.1.1d. Ging bn cnh chu nn

Bn cnh chu nn mi mt ct yu cu chu cc chuyn v xoay do phi c ging chng chuyn
v ngang. Phi b tr ging vi khong cch Lb v mi pha ca mt ct ny. Lb phi tho mn:

M
L b 0,124 0,0759 l
Mh

ry E

Fyc

(6.10.10.1.1d-1)

trong :
Lb

khong cch tnh n im ging u tin k lin mt ct yu cu chu cc chuyn v

xoay do (mm)

ry

bn knh hi chuyn nh nht ca mt ct thp i vi trc thng ng trong mt phng

bn bng gia im ging u tin v mt ct yu cu chu cc chuyn v xoay do (mm)

Ml =

m men im ging u tin tnh theo ti trng tnh ton bng phng php phi n
hi (N.mm)

Tiu chun thit k cu

350
Mh =
m men mt ct yu cu chu cc chuyn v xoay do tnh theo ti trng tnh ton bng

phng php phi n hi (N-mm)

Fyc

cng chy ti thiu quy nh ca bn cnh chu nn mt ct ti tnh ry (MPa)

T l M l /Mh phi ly du m nu phn cu kin nm gia cc im ging b un vi cong ngc

chiu.
6.10.10.1.1e. G tng cng mt ct gi

G tng cng mt ct gi, thit k theo quy nh ca iu 6.10.8.2 phi b tr tng mt ct yu cu

chu cc chuyn v xoay do.
6.10.10.1.2. Phng php c cu
6.10.10.1.2a. Tng qut

Sc khng un tnh ton, Mr, phi c ly nh sau:

Mr = f Mn

(6.10.10.1.2a-1)

trong :
f

h s sc khng i vi un quy nh iu 6.5.4.2

Mn

sc khng un danh nh quy nh iu 6.10.11.1.2b hoc 6.10.11.1.2c (N-mm)

Sc khng ct tnh ton, Vr phi c ly nh sau:

Vr = v Vn

(6.10.10.1.2a-2)

trong :
f

h s sc khng ct quy nh trong iu 6.5.4.2

Vn

sc khng ct danh nh quy nh trong iu 6.10.7.

6.10.10.1.2b. Sc khng un danh nh ca cc mt ct yu cu chu cc chuyn v xoay do

Sc khng un danh nh cc mt ct yu cu chu cc chuyn v xoay do phi c ly nh sau:

Mn = Mpe

(6.10.10.1.2b-1)

trong :
Mn

sc khng un danh nh khp do yu cu chu cc chuyn v xoay do (N-mm)

Mpe

m men do hiu dng xc nh trong iu 6.10.10.1.2d (N-mm)

6.10.10.1.2c. Sc khng un danh nh ca cc mt ct khng yu cu chu cc chuyn v

xoay

do

Sc khng un danh nh ca cc mt ct khng yu cu chu cc chuyn v xoay do phi c ly nh

sau:

Tiu chun thit k cu

i vi cc mt ct c chc tha mn cc yu cu ca iu 6.10.5.2 hoc 6.10.6.2:

Mn = Mp

351

(6.10.10.1.2c-1)

trong :
Mp

mmen do quy nh trong cc iu 6.10.5.1.3 hoc 6.10.6.1.1 (N-mm)

i vi cc mt ct khng c tha mn cc yu cu ca iu 6.10.5.3 hoc 6.10.6.3:

Mn = Rb Rh My

(6.10.10.1.2c-2)

trong :
My

mmen chy quy nh trong cc iu 6.10.5.1.2 hoc6.10.6.1.1(N.m)

Rb v Rh

cc h s gim ng sut bn cnh quy nh trong cc iu 6.10.5.4.1 v 6.10.5.4.2; i

vi cc mt ct lin hp un dng, Rb phi ly bng 1,0.

6.10.10.1.2d. Mmen do hiu dng

Mmen do hiu dng phi l mmen hp thnh ca s phn b y ng sut do trn c s cc

nguyn tc ca iu 6.10.5.1.3 v s dng cc cng chy hiu dng sau y:
2

Fyce

2t
= 0,0845E f
bf

Fyte

2t
= 0,0845E f
bf

Fyt

Fywe

t
= 1,32E w
D
cp

Fyw

Fyc

(6.10.10.1.2d-1)

(6.10.10.1.2d-2)

Fyre = Fyr

(6.10.10.1.2d-3)
(6.10.10.1.2d-4)

trong :
Fyc

cng chy nh nht quy nh ca bn cnh chu nn (MPa)

Fyce

cng chy hiu dng i vi bn cnh chu nn (MPa)

Fyt

cng chy nh nht quy nh ca bn cnh chu ko (MPa)

Fyte

cng chy hiu dng i vi bn cnh chu ko (MPa)

Fyw

cng chy nh nht quy nh ca bn bng (MPa)

Fywe

cng chy hiu dng i vi bn bng (MPa)

Fyr

cng chy nh nht quy nh ca ct thp dc (MPa)

Fyre

cng chy hiu dng i vi ct thp dc (MPa)

tf

chiu dy bn cnh (mm)

bf

chiu rng ca bn cnh chu nn (mm)

tw

chiu dy bn bng (mm)

Dcp

chiu cao ca bn bng chu nn c xc nh cc iu 6.10.5.1.4b hoc 6.10.6.1.2 (mm).

6.10.10.1.3. Phng php t ng sut hp nht

Tiu chun thit k cu

352
Phng php t ng sut hp nht c th c s dng nh t l cc bn cnh v cc bn bng ca cc

mt ct I trng thi gii hn cng thit k theo cc phng php phi n hi.
Trong vic p dng phng php ny, cc ng cong xoay do tnh ton phi c s dng c sc
khng un tt c cc v tr m s chy c gi nh l xy ra. Mi ng cong xoay do tnh ton phi
t c t ng cong xoay do danh nh bng nhn cc tung vi h s sc khng v un c quy
nh trong iu 6.5.4.2.
i vi lc ct, phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 6.10.7.
6.10.10.1.4. Tc ng ca gi trn cc bn cnh dm

Nu cc bn cnh dm c thit k truyn cc ti trng gi theo cc quy nh ca iu 4.6.2.7, th

phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 6.10.5.7.1.

6.10.10.2. Kim tra trng thi gii hn s dng ca vng di hn

6.10.10.2.1. Tng qut

Khi nghin cu vng di hn phi p dng t hp ti trng s dng II, c quy nh trong
3.4.1.1.

Bng

6.10.10.2.2. Cc mt ct un dng

Dng cho c hai bn cnh thp ca cc mt ct lin hp:

( ff + ffr ) 0,95 Rb Rh Fyf

(6.10.10.2.2-1)

Dng cho c hai bn cnh thp ca cc mt ct khng lin hp:

( ff + ffr ) 0,8 Rb Rh Fyf

(6.10.10.2.2-2)

trong :
R b, R h =

h s gim ng sut bn cnh theo quy nh trong iu 6.10.5.4

Fyf

cng chy ti thiu quy nh ca bn cnh (MPa)

ff

ng sut bn cnh n hi do cc ti trng tnh ton gy ra (MPa)

ffr

ng sut bn cnh phn b li c quy nh theo iu 6.10.10.2.4 (MPa)

6.10.10.2.3. Cc mt ct un m
Khi mt trong hai iu kin di y xy ra:

Nu ff > 0,95 RbRhFyf mt trong hai bn cnh ca mt ct lin hp c ta trong, hoc

Nu ff > 0,80 RbRhFyf mt trong hai bn cnh ca mt ct khng lin hp c ta trong.

S phn b li m men phi n hi phi c xc nh theo iu 6.10.10.2.4 v phi p dng cc

gii hn sau:

353

Tiu chun thit k cu

cc v tr chuyn tip trong bn cnh cc mt ct lin hp

(ff + ffr )

0,95 R b R h Fyf

(6.10.10.2.3-1)

cc v tr chuyn tip trong bn cnh cc mt ct khng lin hp

( ff + ffr ) 0,8 Rb Rh Fyf

(6.10.10.2.3-2)

Ti cc mt ct chu un m men m ln nht mt im ta trong, cc ng sut khng l thuc

vo cc gii hn ny
trong :
R b, R h

h s trit gim ng sut quy nh theo iu 6.10.5.4

ff

ng sut bn cnh n hi do ti trng tnh ton gy ra (MPa)

ffr

ng sut bn cnh phn b li quy nh theo iu 6.10.10.2.4 (MPa)

Fyf

cng chy ti thiu quy nh ca bn cnh (MPa)

i vi cc mt ct chu un m, phi p dng cc iu 6.10.10.1.1a, 6.10.10.1. 6.10.10.1.1b,

6.10.10.1.1c v 6.10.10.1.1d cho cc yu cu v mnh bn bng, mnh bn cnh chu nn v ging
bn cnh chu nn.
6.10.10.2.4. S phn b li phi n hi ca cc mmen

Nu iu 6.10.10.2.3 yu cu, cc ng sut phn b li do s chy trong cc vng un m ca cc b

phn nhp lin tc phi c tnh bng phng php gii tch phi n hi.
6.10.10.2.4a. Cc phng php gii tch

Cho php dng cc phng php tuyn-dm v t ng sut hp nht. Trong phng php t ng sut hp
nht, cc ng cong xoay do khng c nhn vi h s sc khng trong tnh ng sut phn b li.
6.10.10.2.4b. Hot ti

Trong tnh ton cc ng sut phn b li, hai nhp k bn mi tr trong phi c cht ti lin tip cho
n khi cc m men phn phi li kt qu hi t trong phm vi cc gii hn chp nhn c.
6.10.10.2.4c. Cc mt ct lin hp

Cc mmen phn phi li trong cc b phn lin hp phi c tnh bng s dng cng ca mt ct
lin hp ngn hn ti cc mt ct un dng.
Mun mt ct s dng trong tnh cc ng sut phn phi li trong cc mt ct lin hp trong un dng
phi c cn c trn mt ct lin hp di hn.
6.10.10.2.4d. Cc ng cong xoay do

Nu ng cong xoay do khng sn c cho cc mt ct c trng ang dng, th ng cong xoay do

miu t bi Phng trnh 1, c th c s dng cho cc mt ct un m. Khng c p dng ng
cong vo cc xoay do ln hn 8,0 MRADS.

354

Tiu chun thit k cu

Mu
= 0,7 + 0,06R 1,0
M max

(6.10.10.2.4d-1)

trong :
Mu

mmen do cc ti trng tnh ton (N.mm)

Mmax =

sc khng un ln nht (N.mm)

xoay do (MRADS)

Khi thiu thng tin tt hn, Mmax c th ly nh mmen do, Mp, quy nh trong iu 6.10.5.1.3
6.10.6.1.1.

hoc

6.11. Cc mt ct hp chu un
6.11.1. Tng qut

Cc quy nh ca cc iu ny c th c p dng cho cc dm thng mt ct thp nhiu hp hoc hp

n lin hp vi mt cu b tng i xng qua trc thng ng trong mt phng ca bn bng v tha
mn cc gii hn quy nh trong cc iu 6.11.1.1.1 v 6.11.1.2.1.
Cc mt ct hp phi c thit k v:

Trng thi gii hn cng theo cc quy nh trong iu 6.11.2;

Cc yu cu v mi i vi cc bn bng theo cc quy nh trong iu 6.10.6;

Tnh thi cng c theo cc quy nh trong iu 6.11.5;

Cc trng thi gii hn khc quy nh trong iu 6.5;

Kim tra trng thi gii hn s dng ca cc vng di hn theo quy nh trong iu 6.11.7.

Cc tm bn bng cc mt ct hp c th hoc thng gc vi bn cnh di hoc nghing vi bn cnh

di. nghing ca cc tm bn bng khng c vt qu 1/4.
Cc ca ca cc l thm i t bn ngoi vo cn c khp bn l v c kho. Tt c cc l m trong cc
mt ct hp cn c che chn khng cho cc th vt v chim vo. Cc l thng kh cn c lm
mt trong bn bng pha trong. Pha trong ca cc mt ct hp c sn cn sn mu sng.

6.11.1.1. Cc mt ct nhiu hp
6.11.1.1.1. Tng qut

Cc quy nh ca iu 6.11 phi p dng vo thit k cc cu n gin v lin tc, nhp ti 100.000 mm,
c cc mt ct hp lin hp kiu hai hoc nhiu ngn trong mt ct ngang, tun theo cc s hn ch hnh
hc c quy nh ti y.
Khong cch tim n tim ca cc bn cnh ca cc hp lin k, a, ly gia nhp, phi khng ln hn
120%, hoc khng nh hn 80%, khong cch tim n tim ca cc bn cnh ca mi hp lin k, W, nh
minh ho trong Hnh 1. Thm vo yu cu gia nhp, ni m cc mt ct hp khng song song c s
dng, khong cch tim n tim ca cc bn cnh lin k cc gi phi khng ln hn 135% hoc khng
nh hn 65% ca khong cch tim n tim ca cc bn cnh ca mi hp lin k. Khong cch tim n
tim ca cc bn cnh ca mi hp ring l phi nh nhau.
Khi phn tch kt cu phi ly cng c cn c trn cc c trng mt ct lin hp khng b nt.

Hnh 6.11.1.1.1-1- Khong cch tim n tim trn bn cnh

A = 0,8w n 1,2w

Tiu chun thit k cu

355
Phn nh hng ca bn mt cu, bao gm c b va v lan can, khng c ln hn 60% ca khong cch
trung bnh gia cc tim ca cc bn cnh thp trn ca cc mt ct hp lin k, a, hoc 1800 mm.

Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 6.10.3.7, tr vic phi lm cc neo chu ct trong cc vng un m
ca cc mt ct hp. Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 6.10.3.6.
6.11.1.1.2. S phn b hot ti

i vi cc mt ct nhiu hp, mmen un do hot ti phi c xc nh theo cc quy nh ca iu

4.6.2.2.2b.

6.11.1.2. Cc dm hp n
6.11.1.2.1. Tng qut

Cc quy nh ny khng p dng cho cc mt ct hp n nhiu ngn.

Mt ct hp phi c nh v v tr trung tm i vi mt ct ngang, v trng tm ca tnh ti phi cng
gn tm chu ct ca hp cng c li.
Phn trn ca hp c th h hoc ng bng bn thp. Cc mi hn bn cnh vo bn bng phi tun theo
cc quy nh ca iu 6.11.4. i vi cc ti trng tc dng khi bo dng b tng mt cu, tm thp
trong cc vng mmen dng phi c thit k theo cc quy nh i vi cc bn cnh chu nn quy nh
trong iu 6.11.2.1.3a. Lin kt chu ct gia tm trn v mt cu b tng phi c thit k vi lc ct
b mt tip xc t tt c cc ti trng c th t ln c. S on ca tm ny trong, hoc trc khi t
mt cu b tng phi c xem xt v c th dng g tng cng khi c yu cu.
i vi cc mt ct hp n, thp kt cu chu ko phi c coi l nguy kch v t gy, tr khi s phn
tch cho thy l mt ct c th chng ton b tnh ti v hot ti sau khi chu s t gy hon ton ca
thp chu ko bt c im no.
6.11.1.2.2. Phn tch kt cu

Phng php tng t dm xng sng ca iu 4.6.1.2.2 c th c s dng phn tch cc dm hp

n. C hai tc ng un v xon phi c xem xt. Hp c th khng xem xt v cng xon tr khi
h lin kt ging ni b l duy tr mt ct ngang hp. V tr ngang ca cc gi phi c xem xt
trong phn tch kt cu.
Cc ng sut on dc phi c xem xt v mi, nhng c th b qua trng thi gii hn cng .
Nu c bin php chng mo hnh mt cch trit , mmen qun tnh khng xon St. Venant, J, cho mt
ct hp c th c xc nh nh sau:
A 2o
J=4
b

t
trong :
Ao

din tch ca hnh ng kn bi cc cnh bin ca hp (mm2)

chiu rng ca cc bn bin to nn hp

chiu dy ca cc tm (mm)

(6.11.1.2.2-1)

356

Tiu chun thit k cu

6.11.1.2.3. Gi cu

Cc gi cu cho cc mt ct hp n phi c t thnh cc i ti cc b ni c th. Cc gi kp c

th c t hoc pha trong hoc bn ngoi ca cc bn bng mt ct hp. Nu s dng cc gi n
hp hn bn cnh di, th chng phi c trng vi tim lc ct ca hp, v cc tr khc phi c y
cc gi bo m chng lt di bt k t hp ti trng no. Cc gi cu cn hng thng gc vi trc dc
ca dm. Nu s dng cc gi neo xung th cc lc t phi c xem xt trong thit k.
6.11.2. Trng thi gii hn cng i vi cc mt ct hp

6.11.2.1. Un
6.11.2.1.1. Sc khng un tnh ton

Sc khng un tnh ton ca cc mt ct hp bng mmen v ng sut phi ly nh sau:

Mr = f Mn

(6.11.2.1.1-1)

Fr = f Fn

(6.11.2.1.1-2)

trong :
f

h s sc khng v un quy nh iu 6.5.4.2

Mn

sc khng danh nh quy nh iu 6.11.2.1.2a (N-mm)

Fn

sc khng un danh nh quy nh iu 6.11.2.1.2 hoc iu 6.11.2.1.3 (MPa)

6.11.2.1.2. Un dng
6.11.2.1.2a. Sc khng un danh nh

Sc khng un danh nh i vi cc mt ct nhiu hp phi c xc nh theo quy nh iu

6.10.5.2.2a, ty theo cc yu cu quy nh trong cc iu 6.10.4.1.2 v 6.10.4.2.2b.

Tiu chun thit k cu

357
Sc khng un danh nh i vi bn cnh trn ca cc mt ct hp n phi c xc nh theo quy nh
trong iu 6.10.4.2.4, ty theo cc yu cu quy nh trong iu 6.10.2.2. Sc khng un danh nh i
vi bn cnh di ca cc mt ct hp n phi c xc nh nh sau:

fv
F
yf

Fn = R b R h Fyf 1 - 3

(6.11.2.1.2a-1)

trong :
=

cng trit gim chy nh nht quy nh ca bn cnh (MPa)

Rb,Rh =

cc h s trit gim ng sut bn cnh quy nh iu 6.10.4.3

fv

ng sut ct do xon St.Venant ln nht trong bn cnh do cc ti trng tnh ton(MPa) xc

nh nh sau:

Fyf

T
2A o t
T

mmen xon ni do cc ti trng tnh ton (N.mm)

Ao

din tch ca hnh ng kn bi cnh bin mt ct hp (mm2)

chiu dy ca tm (mm)

Cc ng sut ct v un trn hp n do cc ti trng tnh ton phi c tnh cng v tr dc trong cc

bn cnh hp.
Cc yu cu v ging ngang bn cnh chu nn, quy nh trong iu 6.11.2.1.2b cng c p dng cho
cc mt ct hp n v nhiu hp.
i vi cc nhp n, cc bn cnh di ca cc mt ct hp n v nhiu hp c xem l hiu dng
ton b khi dm chu un nu chiu rng ca bn cnh khng vt qu 1/5 chiu di nhp. Nu chiu rng
bn cnh vt qu 1/5 nhp, ch phn chiu rng bng 1/5 nhp c xem nh l hiu dng trong chu un.
i vi cc nhp lin tc, yu cu ny c p dng vo khong cch gia cc im un do tnh ti.
6.11.2.1.2b. Ging ngang bn cnh chu nn

Bn cnh chu nn ca cc mt ct hp n hoc nhiu hp trong chu un dng khng cn tun theo cc
yu cu ging ngang khi nghin cu trng thi gii hn cng . Nhu cu v ging ngang tm thi hay
vnh cu ca bn cnh chu nn duy tr hnh hc mt ct hp sut c cc giai on thi cng, bao gm
trnh t thi cng b tng mt cu, phi c xem xt theo iu 6.11.5.1.
6.11.2.1.3. Un m

Cc quy nh ca iu ny p dng cho cc bn cnh chu nn c g tng cng v khng c g tng

cng v cc bn cnh chu ko.
6.11.2.1.3a. Sc khng un danh nh

i vi cc mt ct hp n v nhiu hp, sc khng un danh nh phi c xc nh theo quy nh

y.
i vi cc bn cnh chu nn c cc sn tng cng dc, sc khng un danh nh phi c ly
sau:

nh

358

Tiu chun thit k cu

Nu

w
kE
0.57
, th: Fn = Rb Rh Fyc
tf
Fyc

Nu

0,57

Nu

w
kE
, th:
> 1,23
tf
Fyc

(6.11.2.1.3a-1)

kE
kE w
c

th Fn = 0,592RbRhFyc 1 + 0,687sin (6.11.2.1.3a-2)

< 1.23
Fyc
Fyc t f
2

t
Fn = 181 000 RbRhk f
w

(6.11.2.1.3a-3)

vi :

w Fyc
t f kE
0,66

1,23
c=

(6.11.2.1.3a-4)

h s on quy nh nh sau :
1

8I 3
k = s3 4,0
wt f

Nu n = 1 , th :

14,3I
Nu n = 2, 3, 4 hoc 5, th : k = 3 4s
wt f n

(6.11.2.1.3a-5)

3
4,0

(6.11.2.1.3a-6)

trong :
Fyc

cng chy nh nht quy nh ca bn cnh chu nn (MPa)

tr s ln hn ca chiu rng ca bn cnh chu nn gia cc sn tng cng dc hoc

khong cch t bn bng n sn tng cng dc gn nht (mm)

tf

chiu di ca bn cnh chu nn (mm)

Rb,Rh =

cc h s trit gim ng sut bn cnh quy nh trong iu 6.10.4.3

s lng cc sn tng cng dc ca bn cnh chu nn c khong cch u nhau

Is

mmen qun tnh ca sn tng cng dc i vi trc song song vi bn cnh di v ly

y ca g tng cng (mm4)

Cc sn tng cng dc phi tha mn cc yu cu quy nh trong iu 6.11.3.2.1.

i vi cc bn cnh chu nn khng c sn tng cng dc, sc khng un danh nh phi c ly
bng sc khng un danh nh i vi bn cnh chu nn c cc sn tng cng dc, vi chiu rng bn
cnh chu nn gia cc bn bng, b, thay th cho w, v h s on k ly bng 4.

Tiu chun thit k cu

i vi cc bn cnh chu ko, sc khng un danh nh phi c ly nh sau:

Fn = Rb Rh Fyt

359

(6.11.2.1.3a-7)

trong :
Fyt

cng chy nh nht quy nh ca bn cnh chu ko (MPa)

6.11.2.1.3b. mnh ca bn bng

Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 6.10.2.2

6.11.2.2. Ct
6.11.2.2.1. Tng qut

Sc khng ct tnh ton ca cc dm hp, Vr, phi c ly nh sau:

Vr = vVn
trong :

h s sc khng v ct quy nh trong iu 6.5.4.2

Vn

sc khng ct danh nh cho mt bn bng quy nh trong iu 6.10.7, tr khi c iu chnh

nh ni y.

i vi trng hp cc bn bng nghing, D trong iu 6.10.7 phi c ly nh chiu cao ca bn bng

o dc theo nghing. Mi bn bng phi c thit k v ct, Vui, do cc ti trng tnh ton ly nh
sau:
V
(6.11.2.2.1-2)
Vui = u
cos
trong :
Vui

lc ct do cc ti trng tnh ton trn mt bn bng nghing (N)

gc nghing ca bn bn bng so vi ng thng ng ()

i vi cc hp n, th c th cng gi tr tuyt i ca cc lc ct do xon v un ln nht, hoc dng

lc ct cc tr gy ra do xon v un xy ra ng thi .
6.11.2.2.2. Cc neo chu ct

Cc neo chu ct i vi cc mt ct hp thng phi c thit k theo cc quy nh trong iu 6.10.7.4.

Phi lm cc neo chu ct trong cc vng un m.
i vi cc mt ct hp n, cc neo chu ct phi c thit k vi lc ct gy ra bi un v xon. Ton khi
lng mt cu b tng phi c xem l hiu dng trong tnh lc ct do un. Tng lc ct thit k c th c
xc nh hoc nh vect tng ca cc lc ct hoc tng cc tr s tuyt i ca chng.
6.11.3. Cc sn tng cng

6.11.3.1. Sn tng cng bn bng

Tt c cc g tng cng ngang bn bng trung gian cho cc mt ct hp n v nhiu hp phi c thit
k theo cc quy nh ca iu 6.10.8.1.

Tiu chun thit k cu

360
Cc g tng cng dc bn bng cho cc mt ct hp phi c thit k theo cc quy nh ca iu 6.10.8.3.

Tt c cc g tng cng gi cho cc mt ct hp n v nhiu hp phi c thit k theo cc quy nh

ca iu 6.10.8.2.

6.11.3.2. Sn tng cng bn cnh chu nn

6.11.3.2.1. Sn tng cng dc

Cc sn tng cng dc bn cnh chu nn cho cc mt ct hp n hay nhiu hp phi c cch qung
u ngang qua chiu rng bn cnh chu nn.
Chiu rng thit k, bl, ca sn tng cng phi tha mn:

b l 0,48t p

E
Fyc

(6.11.3.2.1-1)

trong :
tp

chiu dy ca sn tng cng (mm)

Fyc

cng chy nh nht quy nh ca bn cnh chu nn (MPa)

Mmen qun tnh, Il , ca mi sn tng cng so vi trc song song vi bn cnh v ly y ca sn

tng cng, phi tha mn:
Il w t 3f

(6.11.3.2.1-2)

trong :

0,125k3
3 4

khi n = 1

0,07k n

s lng cc sn tng cng dc bn cnh chu nn cch qung u nhau

Phn rng hn ca chiu rng ca bn cnh chu nn gia cc sn tng cng dc hoc
khong cch t bn bng n sn tng cng dc gn nht (mm)

chiu dy bn cnh chu nn (mm)

h s on quy nh trong iu 6.11.2.1.3a

khi n = 2,3,4 hoc 5

6.11.3.2.2. Sn tng cng ngang

Nu c s dng, cc sn tng cng ngang trn cc bn cnh cn c kch thc bng vi kch thc
ca sn tng cng dc. Chiu rng thit k ca sn tng cng phi tha mn cc yu cu quy nh
trong iu 6.11.3.2.1
6.11.4. Lin kt bn cnh vo bn bng

Tr quy nh y, tng chiu dy hiu dng ca cc ng hn bn cnh vo bn bng phi khng nh

hn chiu dy ca bn bng. ch m trong mt nhp, c hai vch ngang trung gian hoc nhiu hn, th
kch thc ng hn phi khng nh hn kch thc ph hp vi cc yu cu ca iu 6.13.3.4. Nu cc
ng hn gc c s dng, chng phi c hn ln c hai bn bn cnh lin kt hoc bn bn bng.
6.11.5. Kh nng thi cng

6.11.5.1. Tng qut

Tiu chun thit k cu

361
Cc b phn mt ct hp phi c nghin cu v cng v n nh trong khi thi cng, k c trnh t

thi cng mt cu.

Hnh hc ca mt ct hp ring l phi c duy tr sut c cc giai on thi cng, bao gm c vic t
mt cu b tng. S cn thit phi nghin cu cc vch ngang trung gian pha trong tm thi hoc vnh
cu hoc cc khung ngang, cc vch ngang bn ngoi hoc cc khung ngang, h ging ngang trn,
hoc cc phng cch khc bo m rng cc bin dng ca mt ct hp u c kim sot mt cch
thch ng trong khi ch to, lp rp v t mt cu b tng.
Trc khi bo dng mt cu b tng, cc bn cnh trn ca cc mt ct hp kiu mng phi c xem l
ch c ging ti cc im m cc khung ngang hoc ging ngang trn c gn vo.
Cc lc t cc lin kt ca cc vn khun mt cu hng ti bn cnh trn v/ bn bng cn c xem xt.

6.11.5.2. mnh ca bn bng

mnh ca bn bng ca cc mt ct hp phi tha mn cc yu cu ca iu 6.10.3.2.2 khi nghin cu
mt ct thp cho trnh t lp t mt cu.

6.11.5.3. mnh ca bn cnh chu nn

ti cc mt ct un dng, mnh ca bn cnh chu nn ca cc mt ct hp n v nhiu hp phi

tha mn cc yu cu ca iu 6.10.4.1.4 khi nghin cu mt ct thp cho trnh t lp t mt cu.

6.11.5.4. Lc ct
Lc ct, Vu, do cc ti trng tnh ton c xem xt trnh t lp t mt cu khng c vt qua sc khng
ct tnh ton, Vr , ly nh sau:
Vr = vVn

(6.11.5.4-1)

trong :
Vn

sc khng ct danh nh quy nh trong iu 6.10.3.2.3

h s sc khng i vi ct quy nh trong iu 6.5.4.2

6.11.6. Cc tc ng ca gi ln cc b phn bn ngoi

Mt ct gi nh chu ti trng gi nm ngang tnh ton phi bao gm bn cnh di tc ng nh bn

bng v 12 ln chiu dy ca bn bng tc ng nh cc bn cnh.
6.11.7. Kim tra trng thi gii hn s dng v cc vng di hn

Phi p dng t hp ti trng s dng trong Bng 3.4.1-1 cng vi Ghi ch 6 .

Tiu chun thit k cu

cc vng un dng ca cc mt ct nhiu hp, cc ng sut bn cnh khng c vt qu:

ff 0,95 Rb Rh Fyf

362

(6.11.7-1)

trong :
Rb , Rh

h s gim ng sut bn cnh quy nh trong iu 6.10.5.4

ff

ng sut bn cnh n hi gy ra do ti trng tnh ton (MPa)

Fyf

cng chy ca bn cnh (MPa)

6.12. Cc cu kin chu un khc

6.12.1. Tng qut

6.12.1.1. Phm vi
Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu ny cho:

Cc cu kin hnh ch H khng lin hp chu un theo c hai trc trong mt ct ngang

Cu kin hnh hp khng lin hp

Cc ng trn khng lin hp

Cc thp ch U, thp gc, thp ch T v cc thanh thp

Cc thp hnh cn bc b tng

Cc ng lin hp.

6.12.1.2. Trng thi gii hn cng

6.12.1.2.1. Un

Sc khng un tnh ton, Mr, phi c ly nh sau:

Mn = f Mn

(6.12.1.2.1-1)

trong :
Mn

sc khng un danh nh quy nh trong cc iu 6.12.2.2 v 6.12.2.3 cho cc cu kin

khng lin hp v lin hp tng ng (N.mm)

h s sc khng i vi un quy nh trong iu 6.5.4.2

6.12.1.2.2. Ti trng dc trc v un t hp

Phi p dng cc phng trnh tng tc quy nh trong iu 6.8.2.3 cho ko dc trc v un t hp, hoc
cc phng trnh tng tc quy nh trong iu 6.9.2.2 cho nn dc trc v un t hp.
6.12.1.2.3. Lc ct

Sc khng ct tnh ton, Vr, phi c ly nh sau:

Vr = vVn

(6.12.1.2.3-1)

trong :
Vn

sc khng ct danh nh quy nh trong cc iu 6.10.7.2 v 6.12.3 cho cc bn bng ca

cc b phn khng lin hp v cc b phn lin hp, tng ng (N)

h s sc khng i vi ct quy nh trong iu 6.5.4.2

6.12.2. Sc khng un danh nh

363

Tiu chun thit k cu

6.12.2.1. Tng qut

Cc quy nh v on xon nm ngang khng cn p dng cho cc cu kin lin hp, cc cu kin hnh hp
khng lin hp, cc cu kin hnh ch H chu un theo trc song song vi bn bng v cc ng trn.

6.12.2.2. Cc cu kin khng lin hp

6.12.2.2.1. Cc cu kin hnh ch H

Cc quy nh ca iu ny p dng cho cc cu kin hnh ch H v cc cu kin gm hai bn cnh hnh

ch U lin kt bng bn bn bng.
Cc quy nh ca iu 6.10.4 phi p dng cho un theo trc thng gc vi bn bng.
Sc khng un danh nh i vi un theo trc song song vi bn bng phi c ly nh sau:
Mn = Mp

(6.12.2.2.1-1)

trong :
Mp

mmen do theo trc trng tm song song vi bn bng (N-mm)

6.12.2.2.2. Cc cu kin hnh hp Sc khng un danh nh phi c ly nh sau:

0,5

0,064Fy Sl t

M n = Fy S 1
I

AE
y

(6.12.2.2.2-1)

trong :
S

mun mt ct theo trc un (mm3)

din tch c bao quanh bi cc ng tim ca cc tm to thnh hp (mm2)

chiu di khng c ging (mm)

Iy

mmen qun tnh theo trc thng gc vi trc un (mm4)

khong cch tnh gia cc tm (mm)

chiu dy ca cc tm (mm)

6.12.2.2.3. Cc ng trn

Sc khng un danh nh ca cc ng trn khng lin hp phi c ly nh sau:

D

nu

nu

E
Fy

<

D
t

8,8

< 2

E
Fy

Fy
, th

th

Mn = Mp

Mn = My

trong :
D

ng knh ngoi (mm)

chiu dy vch

(mm)

6.12.2.2.4. Thp ch U, thp gc, thp T v thanh thp

(6.12.2.2.3-1)

(6.12.2.2.3-2)

Tiu chun thit k cu

6.12.2.2.4a. Cc thp ch U b kim ch chng li xon

364

i vi cc thp ch U c kim ch chng li xon cc im ti trng v tr phi p dng cc quy

nh ca iu 6.10.4.
6.12.2.2.4b. Cc trng hp khc

i vi cc thp gc, thp T, thp thanh v thp U khng bao gm trong iu 6.12.2.2.4a, sc khng un
danh nh phi l tr s nh nht nh gii hn bi:

Gii hn chy

On xon ngang, hoc

On cc b ca cc cu kin

6.12.2.3. Cc cu kin lin hp

6.12.2.3.1. Cc thp hnh c bc b tng

i vi cc thp hnh bc b tng tha mn cc quy nh ca iu 6.9.5.2.3, sc khng un danh nh ca

cc thp hnh bc b tng chu un khng c nn, phi ly theo tr s nh hn ca:
Mn = Mps,

hoc

(6.12.2.3.1-1)

Mn = Myc

(6.12.2.3.1-2)

Nhm mc ch ca iu 6.9.2.2, sc khng un danh nh ca cc thp hnh bc b tng chu nn v un

phi c ly nh sau:
Nu

Nu

Pu
c Pn

0,3 , th

0,0 <

Pu
c Pn

M n = ZFy +

(d - 2c)A r Fyr
3

d A w Fy
A w Fy
+
2
1,7
f
b
c

(6.12.2.3.1-3)

< 0,3 , th

Mn phi xc nh bng ni suy tuyn tnh gia tr s Mn cho bi Phng trnh 1 v 2 Pu= 0 v tr s Mn
cho bi Phng trnh 3 (Pu/ cPn) 0,3.
trong :
Pu

lc nn dc trc do ti trng tnh ton (N)

Tiu chun thit k cu

365
Pn
=
sc khng nn danh nh quy nh iu 6.9.5.1 (N)
c
=
h s sc khng i vi nn dc trc quy nh iu 6.5.4.2
Mps =
mmen do ca mt ct thp (N.mm)
mmen chy ca mt ct lin hp xc nh theo quy nh iu 6.10.5.1.2 (N.mm)
Myc =
Z
=
mun mt ct do ca mt ct thp theo trc un (mm3)
Aw =
din tch bn bng ca mt ct thp (mm2)
=
cng nn nh nht 28 ngy quy nh ca b tng (MPa)
f 'c
Ar
=
din tch ct thp dc (mm2)
c
=
khong cch t tim ca ct thp dc n b mt gn nht ca b phn trong mt phng un
(mm)
d
=
chiu cao ca b phn trong mt phng un (mm)

chiu rng ca b phn thng gc vi mt phng un (mm)

Fyr

cng chy nh nht quy nh ca ct thp dc (MPa)

6.12.2.3.2. Cc ng c chn y b tng trong lng

Sc khng un danh nh ca cc ng chn y b tng trong lng m tha mn cc hn ch trong iu

6.9.5.2 c th c ly nh sau:
D

Nu

Nu

< 2,0

2,0

E
Fy

E
Fy
<

D
t

8,8

Fy

th Mn = Mps

(6.12.2.3.2-1)

th Mn = Myc

(6.12.2.3.2-2)

6.12.3. Sc khng ct danh nh ca cc cu kin lin hp

6.12.3.1. Cc thp hnh c bc b tng

Sc khng ct danh nh c th ly nh sau:
Vn = 0,58Fyw Dt w +

Fyr A v (d - c)
S

(6.12.3.1-1)

trong :
Fyw
Fyr
D
tw

=
=
=
=

cng chy nh nht quy nh ca bn bng thp hnh (MPa)

cng chy nh nht ca ct thp ngang (MPa)
chiu cao bn bng ca thp hnh (mm)
chiu dy ca bn bng hoc cc bn bng ca thp hnh (mm)

Av

din tch mt ct ngang ca cc thanh ct thp ngang chn vt nt ct theo ng cho (mm2)

khong cch dc ca ct thp ngang (mm)

chiu cao ca cu kin trong mt phng ct (mm)

khong cch t tim ca ct thp dc n b mt gn nht ca cu kin trong mt phng un

(mm)

6.12.3.2. Cc ng c chn y b tng trong lng

6.12.3.2.1. Cc ng hnh ch nht

366

Tiu chun thit k cu

Sc khng ct danh nh c th ly nh sau:

Vn = 1,16 D tw Fy

(6.12.3.2.1-1)

trong :
D

chiu cao bn bng ca ng (mm)

tw

chiu dy ca ng (mm)

6.12.3.2.2. Cc ng trn

Sc khng ct danh nh c th ly nh sau:

Vn

cng ct danh nh ca mt mnh ng thp (N)

6.13. Cc lin kt v mi ni
6.13.1. Tng qut

Cc lin kt v cc mi ni ca cc cu kin chnh phi c thit k trng thi gii hn cng khng
nh thua tr s ln hn ca:

Tr s trung bnh ca mmen un, lc ct hoc lc dc trc do cc ti trng tnh ton ti im ni

hoc lin kt v sc khng un, ct hoc dc trc tnh ton ca cu kin cng im, hoc

75 ca sc khng un, ct hoc dc trc tnh ton ca cu kin.

Cc lin kt u ca cc vch ngn, cc khung ngang, h ging ngang hoc cc dm sn cho cc b phn
thng chu un phi c thit k theo cc ti trng tnh ton ca b phn.
Ti chng mc thc hin c, cc lin kt cn c lm i xng theo trc ca cc b phn. Cc lin kt,
tr cc thanh bn bng gin v cc lan can tay vn, phi gm c khng t hn hai bulng hoc ng hn
tng ng. Cc b phn, gm c h ging ngang, cn c lin kt cc trc trng tm ca chng
giao nhau mt im. Cn trnh cc lin kt lch tm. ch no cc lin kt lch tm khng th trnh
c, th cc b phn v cc lin kt phi cn xng i vi cc tc ng t hp ca lc ct v mmen do
s lch tm.
Trong trng hp cc lin kt truyn tng lc ct ca u b phn, th mt ct nguyn phi c ly nh
mt ct nguyn ca cc cu kin c lin kt.
Chiu dy ca cc thp gc lin kt u ca cc dm sn v cc dm khng c nh hn 10 mm. Cc
lin kt u i vi cc dm sn v cc dm cn c lm vi hai thp gc. Gi v cc thp gc gi
c s dng lm tr chng trong khi lp rp khng c xt n trong vic xc nh s lng cc lin
kt yu cu truyn lc ct ca u.
Cc lin kt u ca cc dm, dc v cc dm sn cn c bt bulng vi cc bulng cng cao.
Cho php dng cc lin kt hn khi bt bulng khng thc hin c. ch no s dng hn, th cc lin
kt u hn phi c thit k chu cc ti trng thng ng v mmen un gy ra do s kim ch chng
li s quay ca u.

Tiu chun thit k cu

6.13.2. Cc lin kt bulng

367

6.13.2.1. Tng qut

Cc chi tit bng thp bt bulng c th c trng ph hoc khng trng ph v phi p kht chc chn
vi nhau sau khi cc bulng c xit cht. Cc ti liu hp ng phi quy nh rng tt c cc b mt
ni ghp k c cc b mt k vi u bulng v ai c, phi c quy nh l khng c lp vy (tr vy
cc nh my), v khng c vt bn hoc cc vt liu l khc.
Cc mi ghp bt bulng cng cao phi c ch r hoc l lin kt ma st hoc lin kt p ta. i
vi cc lin kt ma st, tr s ma st phi ph hp vi iu kin quy nh ca cc b mt c to nhm
theo quy nh trong iu 6.13.2.8. Tt c vt liu trong khong m ca bulng phi bng thp.
6.13.2.1.1. Cc lin kt ma st (hoc lin kt ngang kch trt)

Cc mi ghp chu s i du ca ng sut, cc ti trng va chm nng, s chn ng d di hoc ch

m ng sut v ng bin do s trt mi ghp c hi n kh nng s dng c ca kt cu, th phi
c ch r l lin kt ma st. Cc lin kt bao gm:

Cc mi ghp chu ti trng mi;

Cc mi ghp chu ct vi cc bulng lp vo cc l to qu c;

Cc mi ghp chu ct vi cc bulng lp vo cc l ngn v di ni m lc trn mi ghp mt

phng khc vi phng thng gc vi trc ca rnh, tr ni m K s c nh khc v ch ra nh
vy trong cc ti liu hp ng;

Cc mi ghp chu s i du ca ti trng ng k;

Cc mi ghp trong cc mi hn v cc bulng cng tham gia trong truyn ti trng b mt c

to nhm chung;

Cc mi ghp trong ko dc trc hoc ko dc trc v ct t hp;

Cc mi ghp ch trong nn dc trc, vi cc l tiu chun hoc cc l c kha rnh ch trong mt lp

ca lin kt vi phng ca ti trng thng gc vi phng ca rnh, tr i vi cc lin kt quy nh
trong iu 6.13.6.1.3;

Cc mi ghp trong , theo kin ca K s, mi s trt u s tr thnh nguy kch cho s lm

vic ca mi ghp hoc kt cu v nh vy cc mi ghp c ch r trong cc ti liu hp ng.

Cc lin kt ma st phi b tr hp l phng trt di t hp ti trng s dng II, theo quy nh

trong Bng 3.4.1.1 cng vi ghi ch 6 v to sc khng p ta, ct v ko cc t hp ti trng
trng thi gii hn cng c th p dng c. Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 6.13.2.2.
6.13.2.1.2. Cc lin kt p ta

Cc lin kt p ta ch c php s dng cho cc mi ghp chu nn dc trc, hoc cho cc mi ghp trn cc
b phn h ging ngang, v phi tho mn sc khng tnh ton, Rr, trng thi gii hn cng .

6.13.2.2. Sc khng tnh ton

i vi cc lin kt ma st, sc khng tnh ton, Rr, ca bulng t hp ti trng s dng phi c ly
nh sau:
Rr = Rn

(6.13.2.2-1)

368

Tiu chun thit k cu

trong :

Rn

sc khng danh nh theo quy nh trong iu 6.13.2.8

Sc khng tnh ton, Rr hoc Tr, ca mt lin kt bt bulng trng thi gii hn cng phi c ly
c hai nh sau:
Rr = Rn

(6.13.2.2-2)

Tr = Tn

(6.13.2.2-3)

trong :
Rn

sc khng danh nh ca bulng, lin kt hoc vt liu lin kt nh sau:

i vi cc bulng chu ct, Rn phi c ly theo quy nh iu 6.13.2.7

i vi vt liu lin kt trong cc mi ghp p ta, Rn phi c ly theo quy nh iu 6.13.2.9

i vi vt liu lin kt trong chu ko hoc ct, Rn phi c ly theo quy nh iu 6.13.5

Tn

sc khng danh nh ca bulng nh sau:

i vi cc bulng chu ko dc trc, Tn phi c ly theo quy nh iu 6.13.2.10

i vi cc bulng chu ko dc trc v ct, Tn phi c ly theo quy nh iu 6.13.2.11

h s sc khng cho cc bulng quy nh trong iu 6.5.4.2, ly nh sau:

s cho cc bulng chu ct,

t cho cc bulng chu ko,

b cho cc bulng p ta ln vt liu

y hoc u cho vt liu lin kt thch hp vi chu ko, hoc

v cho vt liu lin kt chu ct

6.13.2.3. Bulng, ai c v vng m

6.13.2.3.1. Bulng v ai c

Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 6.4.3.

6.13.2.3.2. Vng m

Vng m s dng trong cc lin kt bulng phi tha mn cc yu cu quy nh iu 6.4.3. Yu cu

vng m ti cng cho cc lin kt bulng cng cao ni m:

Mt ngoi ca cc phn c bt bulng c dc ln hn 1:20, i vi mt phng trc giao vi trc

bulng;

Thc hin xit cht bng phng php dng c l kim chun, trong bt c trng hp no phi s
dng vng m di cu kin c xit cht;

Cc bulng AASHTO M253M (ASTM A490M) c bt trong vt liu c cng chy nh nht
quy nh nh hn 345MPa, khng k n phng n xit cht;

Cn cho cc l rng qu c hoc c kha rnh theo cc quy nh y;

Tiu chun thit k cu

369
Cc bulng AASHTO M253M (ASTM A490M) ng knh trn 24 mm c bt vo l rng qu c
hoc kha rnh ngn trong tng pha ngoi, trong trng hp ny, phi dng chiu dy nh nht
8,0mm di c u bulng v ai c. Khng c s dng nhiu vng m ti cng.

Cc vng m ti cng phi c t vt trm qu cc l rng qu c hoc kha rnh ngn trong tng
pha ngoi.
Cc vng m tm kt cu hoc thanh lin tc vi cc l tiu chun, chiu dy khng nh hn 8,0 mm,
phi c yu cu ph hon ton cc l kha rnh di. Cc vng m ti cng dng vi bulng
cng cao phi c t vt trm qu b mt pha ngoi ca tm m hoc thanh.
Cc thit b ch bo ti trng khng c t vt trm qu cc l rng qu c hoc kha rnh trong tng
pha ngoi, tr khi cng c dng vng m ti cng hoc tm m kt cu.

6.13.2.4. Cc l
6.13.2.4.1. Kiu l
6.13.2.4.1a. Tng qut

Tr khi c quy nh khc, phi s dng cc l tiu chun trong cc lin kt bulng cng cao.
6.13.2.4.1b. Cc l rng qu c

Cc l rng qu c c th c s dng trong bt c lp no hoc tt c cc lp ca cc lin kt trt nguy

kch (lin kt ma st) ti hn. Khng c s dng cc l rng qu c trong cc lin kt kiu

p ta.

6.13.2.4.1c. Cc l c kha rnh ngn

Cc l c kha rnh ngn c th c s dng trong bt c lp no hoc tt c cc lp ca cc lin kt ma

st trt hoc kiu p ta. Cc rnh c th c s dng m khng ch n phng ca ti trng trong
cc lin kt trt ti hn, nhng chiu di phi trc giao vi phng ca ti trng trong cc lin kt kiu
p ta.
6.13.2.4.1d. Cc l c kha rnh di

Cc l c kha rnh di c th c s dng trong ch mt lp ca hoc lin kt ma st hoc kiu p ta.

Cc l c kha rnh di c th c s dng m khng ch ti phng ca ti trng trong cc lin kt
ma st, nhng phi trc giao vi phng ca ti trng trong cc lin kt kiu p ta.
6.13.2.4.2. Kch thc

Kch thc ca cc l khng c vt qu cc tr s cho trong Bng 1:

370

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 6.13.2.4.2-1 - Cc kch thc l ln nht

ng knh
bulng

Tiu chun

Qu c

Rnh ngn

Rnh di

ng knh

ng knh

Rng Di

Rng Di

16
20
22
24
27
30
36

18
22
24
26
30
33
39

20
24
28
30
35
38
44

18 22
22 26
24 30
26 33
30 37
33 40
39 46

18 40
22 50
24 55
26 60
30 67
33 75
39 90

6.13.2.5. Quy cch ca bu lng

ng knh ca bu lng khng c nh hn 16mm. Khng c dng bu lng ng knh 16mm trong cc
cu kin ch yu, tr phi ti cc cnh ca st gc 64mm v cc bn cnh ca cc mt ct c kch thc yu cu
cc bu lng lin kt 16mm phi tho mn cc quy nh v cu to khc quy nh y.
Thp hnh kt cu khng dng c bu lng 16mm th ch nn gii hn dng cho cc lan can.
Cc st gc m quy cch ca n khng yu cu phi xc nh bng tnh ton th c th dng cc lo
bu lng nh sau:

Bu lng ng knh 16mm cho cnh 50mm

Bu lng ng knh 20mm cho cnh 64mm

Bu lng ng knh 24mm cho cnh 75mm

Bu lng ng knh 27mm cho cnh 90mm

ng knh bu lng trong cc st gc ca cc thanh ch yu khng c vt qu mt phn t chiu rng

cnh ca thanh c b tr chng.

6.13.2.6. Khong cch ca cc bu lng

6.13.2.6.1. Khong cch trng v c ly ti thiu
C ly tim n tim ti thiu ca bu lng vi cc l tiu chun khng c ly nh hn ba ln ng
knh bu lng. Khi dng loi bu lng c l qu c hoc cc l x th khong cch trng ti thiu gia
cc mp ca cc l k lin theo hng truyn lc hay ngang vi hng lc khng c ly nh hn
hai ln ng knh ca bu lng.
6.13.2.6.2. C ly ti a ca cc bu lng bt
m bo cch m cho cc mi ni, c ly bu lng trn mt tuyn tim n 1 hng k lin vi mp
t do ca bn tp ngoi hay thp hnh phi tho mn:
S (100 + 4,0t) 175

(6.13.2.6.2-1)

Nu c mt tuyn trc th hai b tr so le cc bu lng mt cch u n vi tuyn tim k lin vi mp

t do c khong cch khng nh hn 38 + 4,0t th c ly tnh so le S gia 2 tuyn tim phi tho
mn:

371

Tiu chun thit k cu

3,0g
S 100 + 40.t
175
4,0

(6.13.2.6.2-2)

C ly tnh so le ny khng c nh hn mt na so vi yu cu i vi tuyn tim n

trong :
t

chiu dy ca tm p ngoi hay thp hnh, ly gi tr nh hn

khong cch gia cc bu lng

6.13.2.6.3. Bc c ly ti a cho bu lng ghp t hp

Cc bu lng ghp c dng trong cc cu kin c mt ct t hp ghp c hc m mt ct ngang ca
n c hai hay hn hai tm bn hay thp hnh tip gip vi nhau.
Bc c ly ca cc bu lng ghp trong cc cu kin chu nn khng oc vt qu 12,0 t. Khong
cch g gia cc tuyn tim bu lng lin k khng c vt qu 24,0 t. Khi b tr so le hai tuyn trc
l bu lng lin k nhau, bc c ly cc l so le gia hai tuyn tim lin k phi tho mn:
3,0g
p 15,0 t
12,0
8,0

(6.13.2.6.3-1)

Bc c ly bu lng trong cc thanh chu ko khng c vt qu hai ln quy nh i vi thanh chu nn.
i vi cc thanh chu ko, khong cch gia cc tuyn tim khng c vt qu 24,0 t. Bc c ly ti
a ca cc inh lin kt dng cho cc cu kin c mt ct t hp c hc khng c vt qu tr s
nh nht gia hai yu cu chng m v ghp t hp.
6.13.2.6.4. Bc c ly ti a dng cho bu lng ghp t hp u mt ca cu kin chu nn
Bc c ly bu lng lin kt cc b phn ca cu kin chu nn khng c vt qu bn ln ng
knh ca inh lin kt cho mt on chiu di bng 1,5 ln b rng ln nht ca cu kin. Bn ngoi
phm vi chiu di ny, bc c ly c th c tng dn trn mt on chiu di bng 1,5 ln chiu
rng ti a ca cu kin cho n khi no t c bc c ly ti a quy nh trong

iu

6.13.2.6.3.
6.13.2.6.5. Khong cnh b tr u mt
Khong cch u mt ca mi loi l c o t tm bu lng khng c nh hn khong cch n
mp quy nh trong Bng 6.13.2.6.6-1. i vi l ngoi c hay cc l rnh, c ly tnh ti thiu n
mp khng c nh hn ng knh bu lng.
Khong cch u mt ln nht phi ly bng khong cch n mp ti a quy nh trong
iu 6.13.2.6.6.

372

Tiu chun thit k cu

6.13.2.6.6. Cc khong cch n mp cnh
Khong cch n mp ti thiu theo quy nh trong Bng 1

Khong cch n mp ti a khng c ln hn tm ln chiu dy, phi ly tr s chiu dy ln nht

gia chiu dy bn p ngoi v 125mm.

Bng 6.13.2.6.6-1- Khong cch n mp ti thiu

ng knh bu
lng (mm)

Cc mp ct

Cc mp tm bn hay thp
hnh c cn hoc cc mp
c ct bng kh t

16
20
22
24
27
30
36

28
34
38
42
48
52
64

22
26
28
30
34
38
46

6.13.2.7. Sc khng ct
Sc khng ct danh nh ca bulng cng cao hoc bulng ASTM A307 trng thi gii hn cng
trong cc mi ni m chiu di gia cc linh kin lin kt xa nht o song song vi ng tc dng ca
lc nh hn 1270mm phi ly nh sau:

Ni m cc ng ren b loi tr khi mt phng ct:

Rn = 0,48 Ab Fub Ns

(6.13.2.7-1)

Ni m cc ng ren bao gm trong mt phng ct:

Rn = 0,38 Ab Fub Ns

trong :
=
Ab
Fub =
Ns
=

(6.13.2.7-2)

din tch ca bulng tng ng vi ng knh danh nh (mm2)

cng ko nh nht quy nh ca bulng c quy nh trong iu 6.4.3 (MPa)
s lng cc mt phng chu ct tnh cho mi bulng.

Sc khng ct danh nh ca bulng trong cc mi ni c chiu di ln hn 1270 mm phi ly bng 0,80

ln tr s theo cc Phng trnh 1 hoc 2.
Trong khi xc nh nu khng bit cc ren ca bulng c c loi tr khi cc mt phng ct ca cc b
mt tip xc khng, chiu di ren ca bulng phi c xc nh theo hai chiu di bc ren ln hn
chiu di ren quy nh.
Nu cc ren ca bulng c bao gm trong mt phng ct trong mi ghp, th sc khng ct ca
bulng trong tt c cc mt phng ct ca mi ghp phi l tr s cho cc ren c bao gm trong mt
phng ct.
i vi cc bu lng A307, thit k ct phi da vo Phng trnh 2. Khi chiu di m ca mt bu lng
A307 vt qu 5 ln ng knh, sc khng danh nh phi gim 1,0% cho mi 1,5 mm chiu di m vt
qu 5 ln ng knh.

6.13.2.8. Sc khng trt

Sc khng trt danh nh ca bulng trong lin kt ma st phi c ly nh sau:

373
(6.13.2.8.-1)

Tiu chun thit k cu

Rn = Kh Ks Ns Pt
trong :
Ns

s lng mt ma st tnh cho mi bulng

Pt

lc ko yu cu nh nht ca bu lng quy nh trong Bng 1 (N)

Kh

h s kch thc l quy nh trong Bng 2.

Ks

h s iu kin b mt quy nh trong Bng 3.

Bng 6.13.2.8-1 - Lc ko nh nht yu cu ca bu lng

ng knh

Lc ko yu cu - Pt (kN)

bulng mm

M164 (A325M)

M253 (A490M)

16

91

114

20

142

179

22

176

221

24

205

257

27

267

334

30

326

408

36

475

595

Bng 6.13.2.8-2 - Cc tr s ca Kh
Cho cc l tiu chun

1,0

Cho cc l vt qu c v kha rnh ngn

0,85

Cho cc l kha rnh di vi rnh thng gc

vi phng ca lc

0,70

Cho cc l kha rnh di vi rnh song song

vi phng ca lc

0,60

Bng 6.13.2.8-3 - Cc tr s ca Ks
Cho cc iu kin b mt Loi A

0,33

Cho cc iu kin b mt Loi B

0,50

Cho cc iu kin b mt Loi C

0,33

Phi p dng cc m t sau y ca iu kin b mt cho Bng 3:

B mt Loi A: lp cu bn nh my lm sch khng sn, v cc b mt c lm sch bng thi

vi cc lp ph bc Loi A,

B mt Loi B: cc b mt c lm sch bng thi khng sn, v cc b mt c lm sch bng thi

c cc lp ph Loi B, v

B mt Loi C: cc b mt m km nng v lm nhm hnh bn chi st sau khi m.

Cc ti liu hp ng phi quy nh rng trong cc mi ni khng c lp ph, th sn, bao gm bt k s

phun lan khp khng c no, u b loi tr khi khu vc gn hn mt ng knh bulng, nhng khng
nh hn 25 mm k t mp ca bt k l no v tt c cc khu vc trong phm vi s bulng.

Tiu chun thit k cu

374
Cc ti liu hp ng phi quy nh rng cc mi ghp c cc b mt c to nhm sn c lm sch
bng thi v ph mt lp sn m c nh tnh cht bng th nghim nh lp ph Loi A hoc Loi B.

Ty theo s chp thun ca K s, cc lp ph c h s iu kin b mt nh hn 0,33 c th c s

dng, nu h s trung bnh iu kin b mt c thit lp bng th nghim. Sc khng trt danh nh
phi c xc nh theo sc khng trt danh nh cho cc iu kin b mt Loi A, nh thch hp cho l
v loi bulng, nhn vi h s iu kin b mt xc nh bng th nghim chia cho 0,33.
Cc ti liu hp ng phi quy nh rng:

Cc mi ghp c lp ph khng c lp rp trc khi cc lp ph hong kh vi thi gian t nht

s dng trong th nghim nh tnh, v

Cc b mt c to nhm quy nh m km phi c m km nng theo ng Quy trnh

AASHTO M111 (ASTM A123) i vi cc lp ph km (m km nng) ln cc sn phm st v thp.
Ri sau cc b mt phi c lm nhm bng cch dng bn chi st cm tay. Khng c dng
bn chi st chy bng in.

Nu lin kt ma st phi chu tc ng ca mt lc ko lm cho gim lc xit hiu dng, th sc khng

trt danh nh phi nhn vi h s quy nh bi Phng trnh 6.13.2.11-2.

6.13.2.9. Sc khng p mt cc l bulng

Din tch p mt hiu dng ca bulng phi ly theo ng knh ca n nhn vi chiu dy ca vt liu
lin kt m trn n p. Chiu dy hiu dng ca vt liu lin kt vi cc l khot ming loe phi ly
nh chiu dy ca vt liu lin kt, tr i mt na chiu cao ca ming loe.
i vi cc l tiu chun, cc l qu c, cc l kha rnh ngn b tc dng mi hng, v tt c cc l
kha rnh song song vi lc p mt, th sc khng p mt danh nh ca cc l bulng pha trong v
u trng thi gii hn cng , Rn, phi c ly nh sau:

Vi cc bulng c khong cch trng gia cc l khng nh hn 2,0d v vi khong cch trng u
khng nh hn 2,0d :
Rn = 2,4 d t Fu

(6.13.2.9-1)

Nu hoc khong cch trng gia cc l nh hn 2,0d, hoc khong cch trng u nh hn 2,0d:
Rn = 1,2 Lc t Fu

(6.13.2.9-2)

375

Tiu chun thit k cu

i vi cc l kha rnh di vung gc vi lc p mt:

Vi cc bulng c khong cch trng gia cc l khng nh hn 2,0d v vi khong cch trng u
khng nh hn 2,0d:
Rn = 2,0 d t Fu

(6.13.2.9-3)

Nu hoc khong cch trng gia cc l nh hn 2,0d, hoc khong cch trng u nh hn 2,0d:
Rn = Lc t F u

(6.13.2.9-4)

trong :
d

ng knh danh nh ca bulng (mm)

chiu dy ca vt liu lin kt (mm)

Fu

cng ko ca vt liu lin kt quy nh trong Bng 6.4.1-1 (MPa)

Lc

khong cch trng gia cc l hoc gia l v u ca b phn (mm)

6.13.2.10. Sc khng ko
6.13.2.10.1. Tng qut

Cc bulng cng cao chu ko dc trc phi c cng n lc quy nh trong Bng 6.13.2.8-1. Lc
ko t ln phi c ly nh lc do cc ti trng bn ngoi tnh ton, cng vi bt k lc ko no do tc
ng nh ln gy ra bi s bin dng ca cc phn lin kt theo quy nh trong iu 6.13.2.10.4.
6.13.2.10.2. Sc khng ko danh nh

Sc khng ko danh nh ca bulng, Tn, c lp vi mi lc xit cht ban u, phi ly nh sau:

Tn = 0,76 Ab Fub

(6.13.2.10.2-1)

trong :
Ab

din tch ca bulng tng ng vi ng knh danh nh (mm2)

Fub

cng ko nh nht quy nh ca bulng c quy nh trong iu 6.4.3 (MPa).

6.13.2.10.3. Sc khng mi
ni cc bulng cng cao trong ko dc trc chu mi, phm vi ng sut, f, trong bulng, do hot

ti mi thit k, cng vi s tnh n ti trng ng i vi ti trng mi quy nh trong iu 3.6.1.4,

cng vi lc nh ln do tnh chu k ca ti trng mi, phi tha mn Phng trnh 6.6.1.2.2-1.
ng knh danh nh ca bulng phi c s dng trong tnh ton phm vi ng sut bulng. Lc nh
ln tnh ton khng c vt qu 60% ca ti trng bn ngoi t ln.
Cc bulng thp ccbon thp ASTM 307 khng c s dng trong cc lin kt chu mi.

376

Tiu chun thit k cu

6.13.2.10.4. Tc dng nh ln

Lc ko do tc dng nh ln phi c ly nh sau:

3b

t3
Qu = Pu
8a
328
000

(6.13.2.10.4-1)

trong
Qu

lc ko nh ln trn mt bulng do cc ti trng tnh ton, ly bng 0 khi l m (N)

Pu

lc ko trc tip trn mt bulng do cc ti trng tnh ton (N)

khong cch t tim ca bulng n mp ca tm (mm)

khong cch t tim ca bulng n chn ng hn ca b phn lin kt (mm)

chiu dy ca b phn lin kt mng nht (mm)

6.13.2.11. Ko v ct kt hp
Sc khng ko danh nh ca bulng chu ct kt hp ko dc trc , Tn, phi ly nh sau:
Nu

Pu
0,33 th
Rn

Tn = 0,76 Ab Fub

(6.13.2.11-1)

Nu khng,
P
Tn = 0,76 A b Fub 1 - u
s R n

(6.13.2.11-2)

trong :
Ab
Fub
Pu
Rn

=
=
=
=

din tch bulng ng vi ng knh danh nh (mm2)

ng sut ko nh nht quy nh ca bulng quy nh trong iu 6.4.3 (MPa)
lc ct tc ng ln bulng do cc ti trng thnh phn (N)
sc khng ct danh nh ca bulng quy nh trong iu 6.13.2.7 (N)

Sc khng danh nh ca bulng trong cc lin kt ma st do T hp ti trng s dng quy nh trong

Bng 3.4.1-1, chu ct kt hp ko dc trc, khng c vt qu sc khng trt danh nh quy nh
trong iu 6.13.2.8 nhn vi:
1-

Tu
Pt

(6.13.2.11-3)

trong :
Tu

lc ko do ti trng thnh phn di T hp ti trng s dng (N)

Pt

lc ko nh nht yu cu ca bu lng quy nh trong Bng 6.13.2.8-1

6.13.3. Cc lin kt hn

6.13.3.1. Tng qut

Kim loi c bn, kim loi hn, v cc chi tit thit k hn phi tun theo cc yu cu ca Quy chun Hn
D1.5 ANSI/AASHTO/AWS. Cc k hiu hn phi tun theo cc k hiu quy nh trong n phm A2.4
AWS.
Phi s dng kim loi hn tng hp trong cc mi hn c vt v hn p, tr kim loi m ngi K s c
th quy nh cc phn loi que hn vi cng nh hn kim loi c bn khi chi tit ha cc ng hn
p i vi thp ti v ram, trong trng hp ny phng php hn v kim loi hn phi c la chn
bo m cc mi hn chc chn.

377

Tiu chun thit k cu

6.13.3.2. Sc khng tnh ton

6.13.3.2.1. Tng qut

Sc khng tnh ton ca cc lin kt hn, Rr, trng thi gii hn cng phi c ly theo quy nh
trong cc iu 6.13.3.2.2 v 6.13.3.2.4.
Din tch hiu dng ca ng hn phi ly theo quy nh trong iu 6.13.3.3. Sc khng tnh ton ca
vt liu lin kt phi ly theo quy nh trong iu 6.13.5.
6.13.3.2.2. Cc lin kt hn c vt ngu hon ton
6.13.3.2.2a. Ko v nn

Sc khng tnh ton ca cc lin kt hn c vt ngu hon ton chu ko hoc nn trc giao vi din tch
hiu dng hoc song song vi trc ca ng hn phi c ly nh sc khng tnh ton ca kim loi c
bn.
6.13.2.2b. Ct

Sc khng tnh ton ca cc lin kt hn c vt ngu hon ton chu ct trn din tch hiu dng phi c
ly theo tr s nh hn ca hoc tr s cho bi Phng trnh 1, hoc 60% ca sc khng tnh ton ca kim
loai c bn chu ko:
Rr = 0,6 e1 Fexx

(6.13.3.2.2b-1)

trong :
Fexx

cng phn loi ca kim loi hn (MPa)

e1

h s sc khng i vi kim loi hn quy nh trong iu 6.5.4.2

6.13.3.2.3. Cc lin kt hn c vt ngu khng hon ton

6.13.3.2.3a. Ko hoc nn

Sc khng tnh ton ca cc lin kt hn c vt ngu khng hon ton chu ko hoc nn song song vi
trc ca ng hn hoc nn trc giao vi din tch hiu dng phi c ly nh sc khng tnh ton ca
kim loi c bn.
Sc khng tnh ton i vi cc lin kt hn c vt ngu khng hon ton chu ko trc giao vi din tch
hiu dng phi c ly theo tr s nh hn ca hoc tr s cho bi hoc Phng trnh 1, hoc sc khng
tnh ton ca kim loi c bn:
Rr = 0,6 e1 Fexx
trong :
e1

h s sc khng i vi kim loi hn quy nh trong iu 6.5.4.2

(6.13.3.2.3a-1)

378

Tiu chun thit k cu

6.13.3.2.3b. Ct

Sc khng tnh ton ca cc lin kt hn c vt ngu khng hon ton chu ct song song vi trc ca
ng hn phi ly theo tr s nh hn ca hoc sc khng danh nh tnh ton ca vt liu lin kt quy
nh trong iu 6.13.5, hoc sc khng tnh ton ca kim loi hn ly nh sau:
Rr = 0,6 e2 Fexx

(6.13.3.2.3b-1)

trong :
e2

h s sc khng i vi kim loi hn quy nh trong iu 6.5.4.2.

6.13.3.2.4. Cc lin kt ng hn gc
6.13.3.2.4a. Ko v nn
Sc khng tnh ton i vi cc lin kt hn dng ng hn gc chu ko hoc nn song song

vi trc ca ng hn phi c ly theo sc khng tnh ton ca kim loi c bn.

6.13.3.2.4b. Ct

Cc lin kt hn dng ng hn gc chu ct trn din tch hiu dng phi c ly theo tr s nh hn
ca hoc sc khng tnh ton ca vt liu lin kt quy nh trong iu 6.13.5, hoc sc khng tnh ton
ca kim loi hn ly nh sau:
Rr = 0,6 e2 Fexx

(6.13.3.2.4b-1)

6.13.3.3. Din tch hiu dng

Din tch hiu dng phi l chiu di ng hn hiu dng nhn vi chiu cao b hiu dng ca mi hn.
Chiu cao b ca mi hn phi l khong cch nh nht t gc mi ghp n mt mi hn.

6.13.3.4. Kch thc ca cc ng hn gc

Kch thc ca ng hn gc c th c gi thit trong thit k lin kt, phi sao cho cc lc do cc
ti trng tnh ton khng vt qu sc khng tnh ton ca lin kt quy nh trong iu 6.13.3.
Kch thc ln nht ca ng hn gc c th c s dng dc theo cc mp ca cc b phn lin kt
phi c ly nh sau:

i vi vt liu dy nh hn 6,0 mm: chiu dy ca vt liu, v

i vi vt liu chiu dy 6,0 mm hoc ln hn: nh hn chiu dy ca vt liu 2 mm, tr khi ng hn

c nh r trn cc ti liu hp ng l phi xy p thm c chiu cao b y .

Kch thc nh nht ca ng hn gc cn ly theo quy nh trong Bng 1. Kch thc ng hn khng
cn vt qu chiu dy ca b phn mng hn c ni ghp. Cc ng hn gc nh hn c th c
chp thun bi K s cn c trn ng sut t ln v vic s dng s nung nng s b

thch hp.

379

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 6.13.3.4-1 - Kch thc nh nht ca cc ng hn gc

Chiu dy kim loi c bn
ca b phn mng hn c
ni ghp (T)

Kch thc nh
nht ca ng
hn gc

mm

mm

T 20

20 < T

6.13.3.5. Chiu di hiu dng nh nht ca cc ng hn gc

Chiu di hiu dng nh nht ca ng hn gc phi l bn ln kch thc ca n v khng c trng
hp no nh hn 40 mm.

6.13.3.6. Quay u ng hn gc
Cc ng hn gc chu lc ko khng song song vi trc ca ng hn, hoc cc ng hn gc c
thit k chu ng sut lp, u khng c chm dt ti cc gc ca cc phn hoc cc b phn. ni
m cc vic hn tr li nh th c th lm trong cng mt phng, th cc mch hn phi c tr li lin
tc, kch thc y , vng quanh gc, cho mt chiu di bng hai ln kch thc hn. Cc mch hn tr
li u phi c ch dn trong ti liu hp ng.
Cc ng hn gc p ln cc bn i din ca mt mt phng chung tip xc gia hai phn phi b gin
on gc chung cho c hai ng hn.

6.13.3.7. Cc mi hn trm
Cc mi hn trm cn l mt mch hn lin tc kt hp cc chc nng hn trm v cng , ch thay i
mt ct v yu cu cng hoc cc yu cu v ng hn gc kch thc nh nht.
6.13.4. Sc khng ph hoi ct khi

Lin kt bn bng ca cc dm ua ra v tt c cc lin kt chu ko, bao gm cc bn lin kt, cc bn

ni v cc bn tit im, phi c nghin cu bo m cung cp vt liu lin kt thch hp pht
trin sc khng tnh ton ca lin kt.
Phi nghin cu lin kt bng cch xem xt tt c cc mt phng c th b h hng trong b phn v cc
bn lin kt. Cc bn nh th phi bao gm cc bn song song v vung gc vi cc lc t ln. Cc mt
phng song song vi lc t ln phi c xem xt ch chu cc ng sut ct. Cc mt phng thng gc
vi lc t ln phi c xem xt ch chu cc ng sut ko.
Sc khng tnh ton ca t hp cc mt phng song song v thng gc phi c ly nh sau:
Nu Atn 0,58Avn, th:

Rr= bs (0,58 Fy Avg + Fu Atn)

(6.13.4-1)

Nu khc i:

Rr= bs (0,58 Fu Avn + FyAtg)

(6.13.4-2)

trong :
Avg

din tch nguyn dc theo mt phng chu ng sut ct (mm2)

Avn

din tch thc dc theo mt phng chu ng sut ct (mm2)

Atg

din tch nguyn dc theo mt phng chu ng sut ko (mm2)

380

Tiu chun thit k cu

Atn =
din tch thc dc theo mt phng chu ng sut ko (mm2)

Fy

cng chy nh nht quy nh ca vt liu lin kt (MPa)

Fu

cng ko nh nht quy nh ca vt liu lin kt c quy nh trong Bng 6.4.1-1 (MPa)

bs

h s sc khng i vi ct khi quy nh trong iu 6.5.4.2

Din tch nguyn phi c xc nh theo chiu di ca mt phng nhn vi chiu dy ca chi tit. Din
tch thc phi l din tch nguyn, tr s l trong mt phng, bao gm cc l phn on, nhn vi kch
thc ca cc l trong phng ca mt phng cng 2,0 mm nhn vi chiu dy ca chi tit.
Trong xc nh mt ct thc ca cc lt ct chu ng sut ko, nh hng ca cc l t so le k vi cc lt
phi c xc nh theo ng iu 6.8.3. i vi cc mt ct thc chu ng sut ct, ng knh hiu
dng y ca l nh tm trong hai ng knh ca lt phi c tr i. Cc l cch xa hn c th
c b qua.
6.13.5. Cc cu kin lin kt

6.13.5.1. Tng qut

Phi p dng iu ny vo thit k cc cu kin lin kt nh cc bn ni, cc bn tit im, cc thp gc
ca gc, cc gi cng xn, v cc bn lin kt chu ko hoc ct.

6.13.5.2. Ko
Sc khng chu ko tnh ton, Rr, phi ly theo tr s nh nht ca cc tr s cho bi hoc cc Phng trnh
6.8.2.1-1 v 6.8.2.1-2 v gii hn chy v t gy, tng ng, hoc sc khng ph hy ct khi quy nh
trong iu 6.13.4.
Trong xc nh Pnu, theo quy nh trong Phng trnh 6.8.2.1-2, cho cc bn lin kt, cc bn ni v cc
bn tit im, h s chit gim, U, quy nh trong iu 6.8.2.2, phi c ly bng 1,0, v din tch thc
ca bn, An, s dng trong Phng trnh 6.8.2.1-2 khng c ly ln hn 85% ca din tch nguyn ca
bn.

6.13.5.3. Ct
i vi cc cu kin lin kt chu ct, sc khng tnh ton, Rr, phi c ly nh sau:
Rr = v Rn

(6.13.5.3-1)

Rn = 0,58 Ag Fy

(6.13.5.3-2)

trong :
Rn

sc khng ct danh nh (N)

Ag

din tch nguyn ca cu kin lin kt (mm2)

Fy

cng chy nh nht quy nh ca cu kin lin kt (MPa)

h s sc khng i vi ct theo quy nh trong iu 6.5.4.2

Tiu chun thit k cu

6.13.6. Cc mi ni

381

6.13.6.1. Mi ni bulng
6.13.6.1.1. Tng qut

Cc mi ni bt bulng phi c thit k tha mn cc yu cu quy nh trong iu 6.13.1. ni m

mt ct thay i ti mi ni, th mt ct nh hn ca hai mt ct lin kt phi c s dng trong thit k.
Cc mi ni i vi cc b phn chu ko v un phi c thit k s dng cc lin kt trt ti hn theo
quy nh trong iu 6.13.2.1.1.
Cc mi ni thp gc bn cnh bt bulng phi bao gm hai thp gc, mt thp gc trn mi bn ca cu
kin chu un.
6.13.6.1.2. Cc cu kin chu ko

Cc mi ni i vi cc cu kin chu ko phi tha mn cc yu cu quy nh trong iu 6.13.5.2.

6.13.6.1.3. Cc cu kin chu nn

Cc mi ni i vi cc b phn chu nn c chi tit ha vi cc u c gia cng nh my trong p

mt tip xc hon ton ti cc mi ni, v cc ti liu hp ng quy nh s kim tra trong khi ch to
v lp rp, c th c thit k cho khng nh hn 50% sc khng tnh ton thp hn ca cc mt ct
ghp ni.
Cc mi ni trong cc thanh m gin, cc b phn vm v ct cn c t cng gn cc im ca khoang
cng tt v thng v pha m xy ra tc ng lc nh hn. S b tr cc bn, thp gc hoc cc cu
kin khc ca mi ni phi nh thc hin mt s cung cp ng n cho tt c cc tc ng lc trong
cc phn cu thnh ca cc b phn ghp ni.
6.13.6.1.4. Cc cu kin chu un
6.13.6.1.4a. Tng qut

Cc bn ni phi c nghin cu v mi ca kim loi c bn lin k vi cc lin kt ma st theo quy nh

trong Bng 6.6.1.2.3-1 bng s dng mt ct nguyn ca cc bn ni v b phn.
Cc mi ni chu ko phi tha mn cc yu cu quy nh trong iu 6.13.5.2.
6.13.6.1.4b. Cc mi ni bn bng

Cc bn ni bn bng v cc lin kt ca chng phi c thit k trng thi gii hn cng cho:

Phn ca mmen thit k tnh ton quy nh trong iu 6.13.1, do bn bng chu.

Mmen do s lch tm ca lc ct tng tng xc nh nh lc ct do ti trng tnh ton nhn vi

mmen thit k quy nh trong iu 6.13.1 v chia cho mmen gy ra bi cc ti trng tnh ton v
bn thn lc ct, v

Bn thn lc ct tng tng.

trng thi gii hn cng , ng sut un trong cc bn ni khng c vt qu cng chy nh

nht quy nh ca cc bn ni.

Cc bulng mi ni bn bng phi c thit k cho cc tc ng ca mmen do ct lch tm.

Tiu chun thit k cu

382
Cc bn bn bng phi c ghp ni i xng bng cc bn mi bn. Cc bn ni cho lc ct phi ko
di ton b chiu cao ca dm gia cc bn cnh. Chng khng c nh hn hai hng bulng trn mi
bn ca mi ni.

i vi cc mi ni bn bng bng bu lng c chnh lch b dy 2,0 mm hoc nh hn, khng cn c cc

bn m.
6.13.6.1.4c. Cc mi ni bn cnh
trng thi gii hn cng , ng sut dc trc trong bn ni phi tha mn cc yu cu ca iu

6.13.5.2 nu chu ko, v iu 6.9.2 nu chu nn.

i vi cc b phn un c bt bulng, cc mi ni bt bulng cc phn ca bn cnh khng nn dng
trong cc mi ni hin trng, tr khi c K s chp nhn. Trong bt k bn cnh no khng c c
qu mt mi ni trong cng mt mt ct ngang. Nu thc hin c th mi ni nn t ti cc im m
mt ct c d.
6.13.6.1.5. Cc bn m

Cc quy nh ca iu ny p dng cho cc lin kt loi p mt.

Khi cc bulng chu cc ti trng i qua cc bn m dy hn 6,0 mm, th hoc:

Cc bn m phi c ko di qu bn tit im hoc vt liu ni, v s ko di bn m phi c

bo m bng cc bulng tng thm phn b tng ng sut trong b phn mt cch u trn mt
ct t hp ca b phn v bn m, hoc

thay th, mt s lng tng ng cc bulng tng thm c th i qua bn tit im hoc vt liu
ni m khng ko di bn m.

Cc bn m dy 6,0 mm hoc hn phi bao gm khng nhiu hn hai tm, tr phi c K s chp
thun.

6.13.6.2. Cc mi ni hn
Thit k mi ni hn v cc chi tit phi tun theo cc yu cu ca Quy chun Hn Cu D1.5
ANSI/AASHTO/AWS, ln xut bn mi nht, v cc quy nh y.
Cc mi ni hn phi c thit k chu mmen, lc ct hoc lc dc trc thit k quy nh trong iu
6.13.1. Cc b phn chu ko v nn c th c ni ghp bng cch dng cc mi hn i u ngu hon
ton; cn trnh s dng cc bn ni .
Cc mi ni hn hin trng cn b tr sao cho gim thiu c vic hn t th nga mt.
Vt liu ca cc chiu rng khc nhau c ni ghp bng cc ng hn i u phi c cc chuyn tip
i xng ph hp Hnh 1. La chn kiu chuyn tip phi ph hp vi cc loi chi tit ca Bng 6.6.1.2.31 i vi lin kt ni hn c vt dng trong thit k cu kin. Cc ti liu hp ng phi quy nh rng cc
mi ni hn i u ni ghp vt liu c cc chiu dy khc nhau c mi gia ti mt dc u, gia
cc b mt chnh nhau bao gm c ng ng hn, khng ln hn 1 trn 2,5.

bn knh 610 mm
u bn
knh cong

Tiu chun thit k cu

383

u ni

(a) Chi tit chuyn i b rng

Chiu rng bn rng hn

u ni

chiu rng bn hp hn
(b) Chuyn i vut thng
bn knh 610mm

u ni
chiu rng
bn hp hn
(c) Chuyn i theo bn knh 610 mm

Hnh 6.13.6.2-1 - Cc chi tit mi ni

6.13.7. Cc lin kt khung cng

6.13.7.1. Tng qut

Tt c cc lin kt khung cng phi c thit k chu cc mmen, lc ct v cc lc dc trc do ti
trng tnh ton trng thi gii hn cng .

6.13.7.2. Cc bn bng
Chiu dy ca bn bng dm khng c g tng cng phi khng c nh hn:
tw

Mc
3
v Fy d b d c

trong :
Fy

cng chy ca bn bng (MPa)

Mc

mmen ct do cc ti trng tnh ton (N.mm)

db

chiu cao dm (mm)

dc

chiu cao ct (mm)

(6.13.7.2-1)

384

Tiu chun thit k cu

h s sc khng i vi ct theo quy nh trong iu 6.5.4.2

Khi chiu dy ca bn bng lin kt nh hn chiu dy cho trong Phng trnh 1, bn bng phi c
tng cng bng cc g tng cng cho hoc bng bn tng cng tip xc vi bn bng trn din tch
lin kt.
cc mi ni khuu ni m cc bn cnh ca mt cu kin c to thnh khung cng vo bn cnh ca

cu kin khc, phi lm cc g tng cng trn bn bng ca cu kin th hai i din bn cnh chu nn
ca cu kin th nht trong :
tw <

Af
t b + 5k

(6.13.7.2-2)

v i din bn cnh chu ko ca cu kin th nht trong :

tc < 0,4 A f

(6.13.7.2-3)

trong :
tw

chiu dy ca bn bng c tng cng (mm)

khong cch t mt pha ngoi ca bn cnh n chn ca ng hn gc bn bng ca cu

kin c tng cng (mm)

tp

chiu dy ca bn cnh truyn lc tp trung (mm)

tc

chiu dy ca bn cnh ca b phn c tng cng (mm)

Af

din tch ca bn cnh truyn ti trng tp trung (mm2)

6.14. quy nh cho cc loi kt cu

6.14.1. Cc nhp dm chy di
ni m cc dm ch hoc dm bao gm cc b phn chnh ca cc nhp dm chy di, th cc b phn

nh th phi c tng cng chng li bin dng nm ngang bng cc phng tin bn tit im hoc cc
bn ging hnh khuu vi cc bn bng c c lin kt vo cc g tng cng trn cc b phn chnh v
cc dm sn. Thit k cc bn tit im phi tho mn cc yu cu ca iu 6.14.2.8.
6.14.2. Cc gin

6.14.2.1. Tng qut

Cc gin cn c cc thanh cng cu nghing. Phi trnh tnh trng cc tit im u m thng khng
c chng theo phng nm ngang.
Tim n tim cc gin ch phi c t cch nhau mt c ly xa trnh lt .
Cc chiu cao hiu dng ca gin c gi nh l:

Khong cch gia cc trng tm ca cc m c lin kt bng bulng, v

Khong cch gia cc tm ca cc cht.

6.14.2.2. Cc cu kin ca gin

Cc cu kin phi i xng i vi mt phng trung tm ca gin.

Tiu chun thit k cu

Nu hnh dng ca gin cho php, cc thanh m chu nn phi lin tc.

385

Nu cc thanh bn bng chu s i du ca ng sut, cc lin kt u ca chng khng c l cht.

Nn trnh dng cc thanh xin ph.

6.14.2.3. Cc ng sut ph
Thit k v chn cc cu to phi sao cho cc ng sut ph cng nh cng li. Cc ng sut do mmen
tnh ti ca cu kin phi c xem nh l do s lch tm ca cc mi ni ghp hoc cc ng lm vic
gy ra. Cc ng sut ph do s mo hnh ca gin hoc vng ca dm sn khng cn phi xem xt
trong bt k b phn no m cong ca n o song song vi mt phng mo hnh nh hn mt phn
mi chiu di ca n.

6.14.2.4. Cc vch ngang

Phi lm cc vch ngn ngang trong cc gin theo cc yu cu quy nh trong iu 6.7.4.4.

6.14.2.5. vng
Chiu di ca cc cu kin gin phi c iu chnh vng bng hoc ln hn vng do tnh ti
gy ra.
Khi tnh ton vng ca gin, phi s dng din tch nguyn ca mi cu kin gin. Nu cc bn khot
l c s dng, th din tch hiu dng ca bn khot l phi l khi lng thc gia cc tim ca cc l
khot chia cho chiu di t tim n tim ca cc l khot.
Cc yu cu thit k i vi cc bn khot l phi tha mn cc yu cu quy nh trong cc
6.8.5.2 v 6.9.4.3.2

iu

6.14.2.6. Cc ng lm vic v cc trc trng tm

Cc cu kin chnh phi cn xng cho cc trc trng tm ca chng cng gn tm ca mt ct th khi
c th
Trong cc cu kin chu nn c mt ct khng i xng, nh cc mt ct m gin c to thnh t cc
bn bn bng v bn ph, th trc trng tm ca mt ct phi trng kht cng gn vi ng lm vic th
cng li, tr khi s lch tm c th a n lm mt tc dng un tnh ti. Trong m di c hai thp
gc hoc cc b phn xin, ng lm vic c th ly nh ng nh c gn lng ca thp gc nht hoc
trng tm i vi cc gin hn.

6.14.2.7. Ging khung cng cu v chng lc

6.14.2.7.1. Tng qut

Phi nghin cu nhu cu b tr cc khung ngang thng ng lm h lin kt ging chng lc ngang
trong cc gin. Bt k s phn tch kt cu y no khi c hoc khng c h ging chng lc ngang
gia u c th c chp nhn, vi iu kin l s cn bng, s tng thch v s n nh u tha mn
tt c cc trng thi gii hn p dng tng ng.
6.14.2.7.2. Cc nhp gin chy di
Cc nhp gin chy di phi c h ging ngang khung cng cu, hoc cng v cng ca h gin
phi c chng minh l sc chu khung cng cu khng c ging. Nu h ging khung cng cu
c s dng, th h nn l kiu hai mt phng hoc kiu hp, lin kt cng vo tr cng cu v cc
bn cnh ca m trn, v chiu cao cng ln n mc m tnh khng cho php. Nu s dng khung cng

Tiu chun thit k cu

386
mt phng n, th cn t khung ny trong mt phng ngang trung tm ca cc tr cng cu, vi cc vch

ngang gia cc bn bng ca cc tr cng to s phn b cc ng sut cng cu.

Cng cu, c hoc khng c h lin kt tng cng, phi c thit k tip nhn ton b phn lc ca
h nm ngang ca m trn v cc tr cng phi c thit k truyn phn lc ny ti cc gi ca gin.
6.14.2.7.3. Cc nhp gin chy trn

Cc nhp gin chy trn phi c h ging chng lc ngang trong mt phng ca cc tr cui cu, hoc
cng v cc thanh tng cng ca h gin phi c chng minh l . ni m h ging chng lc
ngang c s dng, th h ny phi ko di chiu cao ca cc gin bn di h sn, v h lin kt
tng cng chng lc ngang u phi cn xng truyn ton b ti trng nm ngang trn cao xung
cc tr cu thng qua cc thanh ng cui ca gin.

6.14.2.8. Bn tip im
Phi p dng cc quy nh ca cc iu 6.13.4 v 6.13.5 ni c th p dng c.
Cc bn tip im hoc bn lin kt cn c dng lin kt cc cu kin chnh, tr ni m cc cu kin
c lin kt cht. Cc linh kin lin kt tng cu kin phi i xng vi trc ca cu kin, n mc hp
l c th v cn nghin cu s pht trin y cc phn ca cu kin .
Cc ch ct gc lm tr cc ng cong to dng, cn c trnh n mc c th c.
ng sut ln nht t cc ti trng dc trc v un tnh ton t hp khng c vt qu fFy cn c trn

din tch nguyn.

ng sut ct ln nht trn mt ct do cc ti trng tnh ton phi l v Fu / 3 i vi lc ct u v v
0,74Fu / 3 i vi ct un c tnh nh lc ct tnh ton chia cho din tch ct.

Nu chiu di ca mp khng c ging chng ca bn tip im vt qu 2,06 (E/Fy)1/2 nhn vi chiu

dy ca n, th mp phi c tng cng. Cc mp ca bn tip im c tng cng v khng c
tng cng phi c nghin cu nh l cc mt ct ca ct c l tng ha.

6.14.2.9. Gin chy gia

Cc thanh ng ca gin v cc dm sn v cc lin kt ca chng trong cc nhp gin chy gia phi
c thit k chu lc nm ngang khng nh hn 4,38 N/mm t ti cc im khoang gin m trn ca
mi gin xem nh mt ti trng di hn i vi T hp ti trng I v cng v c nhn vi h s
tng ng.

Tiu chun thit k cu

387

M trn phi c xem nh l mt ct thanh b nn c cc gi ta ngang n hi ti cc im

khoang

gin
6.14.2.10. Sc khng tnh ton

Sc khng tnh ton ca cc cu kin chu ko phi tha mn cc yu cu quy nh trong iu 6.8.2.
Sc khng tnh ton ca cc cu kin chu nn phi tha mn cc yu cu quy nh trong iu 6.9.2.
Sc khng un danh nh ca cc cu kin m sc khng tnh ton ca chng b khng ch bi cc
phng trnh tng tc, quy nh trong cc iu 6.8.2.3 hoc 6.9.2.2, phi c tnh theo quy nh trong
iu 6.12.
6.14.3. Cc kt cu phn trn bng bn trc hng

6.14.3.1. Tng qut

Cc quy nh ca iu ny phi p dng cho thit k cc cu thp s dng bn thp c g tng cng lm
mt cu.
Mt cu bn trc hng phi xem nh mt phn gn b hu c ca kt cu phn trn cu v phi tham gia
vo chu ton b cc tc ng lc ln cu. Cc lin kt gia mt cu v cc b phn kt cu chnh phi
c thit k i vi cc tc ng c tnh cht tng tc quy nh trong iu 9.4.1.
nh hng ca cc s mo vn do xon ca hnh dng mt ct ngang phi c xt n trong phn tch

cc dm ca cc cu dm hp bn trc hng.

6.14.3.2. Chiu rng hiu dng ca mt cu

Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 4.6.2.6.4.

6.14.3.3. Kt hp cc tc ng chung v cc b
6.14.3.3.1. Tng qut

Trong tnh ton cc tc ng lc cc tr ln mt cu, phi xt kt hp cc tc ng chung v cc b. Cc

tc ng lc t hp nh th phi c tnh cho cng mt cu hnh v v tr ca hot ti.
6.14.3.3.2. Cc mt cu chu ko chung

Sc khng tnh ton ca cc mt cu chu ko chung, Pu, do cc ti trng tnh ton vi lc ct chung ng
thi t hp vi un cc b phi tha mn:
Pu M ur
+
1,33
Pr M rr

(6.14.3.3.2-1)

388

Tiu chun thit k cu

vi :

Pu = A d,eff (fg2 + 3f vg2 ) 0.5

(6.14.3.3.2-2)

trong :
fg

ng sut chung dc trc trong mt cu (MPa)

fvg

lc ct chung ng thi trong mt cu (MPa)

Ad,eff =

din tch mt ct ngang hiu dng ca mt cu, bao gm cc sn dc (mm2)

Pr

sc khng ko danh nh ca mt cu c tnh ti chiu rng hiu dng ca mt cu (N)

Mur

mmen un cc b ca sn dc do cc ti trng tnh ton (N-mm)

Mrr

sc khng un ca sn dc, khng ch khi t gii hn chy trong th ngoi cng (N-mm)

6.14.3.3.3. Cc mt cu chu nn chung

Tr khi c chng minh bng s phn tch cht ch rng s on ton b mt cu s khng xy ra do kt
qu ca lc nn chung t hp vi cc lc nn un cc b cc sn dc, th cc sn dc, bao gm chiu
rng hiu dng ca bn mt cu, phi c thit k nh cc thanh chu nn ring l gi nh c ta
gin n ti cc dm ngang.

6.14.3.4. Un ngang
Cc sc khng mmen tnh ton ca cc dm ngang v bn mt cu phi nh sau:
M fb M ft
+
1,0
M rb M rt

(6.14.3.4-1)

trong :
Mfb

mmen gy ra do cc ti trng tnh ton trong dm ngang (N-mm)

Mrb

sc khng mmen tnh ton ca dm ngang (N-mm)

Mft

mmen ngang t ln trong bn mt cu do cc ti trng tnh ton do kt qu ca bn chu

cc ti trng bnh xe ti cc sn dc k bn (N-mm)

Mrt

sc khng mmen tnh ton ca bn mt cu chu ti trng bnh xe ti cc sn k bn (N.mm)

i vi cc cu hnh mt cu trong c ly ca cc dm ngang t nht bng ba ln c ly ca cc bn bng

sn dc, th s hng th hai ca Phng trnh 1 c th b i.

6.14.3.5. Vch ngang

Phi lm cc vch ngn ngang hoc cc khung ngang ti mi v tr trn gi cu v phi c cng v
cng truyn cc lc ngang cho cc gi cu v chng li s xoay ngang, s chuyn v, v s
mo hnh. Phi lm cc vch ngang trung gian hoc cc khung ngang ti cc v tr nht qun vi s phn
tch ca cc dm v phi c cng v cng chng li s vn mo mt ct ngang.
6.14.4. Cc vm bn bng c

6.14.4.1. S khuch i mmen i vi vng

i vi s khuych i mmen, phi tha mn cc quy nh trong iu 4.5.3.2.2c.

6.14.4.2. mnh ca bn bng

mnh ca cc bn bng ca cc sn vm phi tha mn:

389

Tiu chun thit k cu

D
E
k
tw
fa

(6.14.4.2-1)

Bng 6.14.4.2-1 - mnh bn ca vm

iu kin

Is

Khng c g tng cng dc

1,25

Mt g tng cng dc

1,88

Is= 0,75 D tw3

Hai sn tng cng dc

2,51

Is = 2,2 D tw3

trong :
fa

ng sut dc trc do cc ti trng tnh ton (MPa)

h s n nh bn quy nh trong Bng 1

Mmen qun tnh ca cc g tng cng i vi trc song song vi bn bng y ca g tng cng
phi khng c nh hn tr s quy nh trong Bng 1.
T s chiu rng trn chiu dy i vi cc g tng cng phi tha mn:
b
0,408
ts

E
f
fa + b
3

12

(6.14.4.2-2)

trong :
fb

= ng sut ln nht do cc ti trng tnh ton, bao gm s khuych i mmen (MPa)

6.14.4.3. n nh ca bn cnh
T s chiu rng trn chiu dy ca cc bn cnh phi tha mn:

i vi chiu rng gia cc bn bng:

b
E
1,06
t
fa + f b

(6.14.4.3-1)

i vi cc chiu rng phn hng:

b
E
0,408
12
t
fa + fb

(6.14.4.3-2)

Tiu chun thit k cu

390

Phn 9 - Mt cu v h mt cu
9.1. Phm vi
Phn ny bao gm cc quy nh phn tch v thit k mt cu v h mt cu bng b tng v kim
loi v cc t hp ca chng chu ti trng trng lc.
Vi mt cu bng b tng lin khi tho mn cc iu kin ring c php thit k theo kinh nghim
m khng cn phn tch .
Nn dng mt cu v cc cu kin n c tnh lin tc.
ni v mt k thut c th thc hin c cn cu to c tc ng lin hp gia mt cu v cc
cu kin n.
9.2. Cc nh ngha
Cc chi tit ph - B va, tng phng h, lan can, ba-ri-e, tng phn cch, ct tn hiu v ct n gn
vi mt cu.
Tc ng vm - Hin tng kt cu trong ti trng bnh xe c truyn ch yu qua cc ct chng
chu nn hnh thnh trong bn.
Tm m - Ming m gia mt cu kim loi v dm.
Kt cu mt cu nhiu ngn - Mt cu b tng vi t l rng vt qa 40%.
Khu trng - C ly t mt n mt gia cc cu kin .
Sn kn - Sn ca mt cu bn trc hng bao gm mt tm bn lng mng c hn vo bn mt
cu dc theo hai mp sn.
Mi ni hp long - Phn b tng ti ch gia cc cu kin c trc to s lin tc ca kt cu.
Tnh tng hp - S bin dng bng nhau mt tip xc ca chi tit v/hoc cu kin c ni
vi nhau.
Cu kin - Chi tit kt cu hoc t hp cc chi tit kt cu i hi s xem xt thit k ring .
Tc ng lin hp - iu kin m hai hoc nhiu chi tit hoc cu kin oc cu to cng lm vic
nh ngn nga s dch chuyn tng i mt tip xc ca chng.
Tnh lin tc - Trong mt cu, bao gm tnh lin tc kt cu v kh nng ngn nga nc thm nhp
m khng cn c thm chi tit phi kt cu.
Chiu cao li c bao trong khung ct thp - C ly gia nh ca ct thp pha trn ti y ca ct
thp pha di ca bn b tng.

Tiu chun thit k cu

391

Mt cu - L b phn c hoc khng c lp ma hao, trc tip chu ti trng bnh xe v ta ln cc cu

kin khc.
Khe ni mt cu - (Hoc khe bin dng). Ton b hoc tng on b ngt qung ca mt cu iu
tit chuyn v tng i gia cc phn ca kt cu.
H mt cu - Kt cu phn trn trong mt cu v cu kin n l mt th thng nht hoc trong
cc hiu ng lc hoc bin dng ca cu kin c nh hng ng k n s lm vic ca mt cu.
Khu thit k - i vi mt cu l c ly t tim n tim gia cc cu kin lin k, tnh theo
hng ch yu.
Chiu di hu hiu - Chiu di nhp dng thit k theo kinh nghim ca bn b tng theo
iu 9.7.2.3.
n hi - S p ng ca kt cu trong ng sut t l thun vi ng bin v khng c bin dng d
sau khi d ti.
Cn bng - Trng thi m tng cc lc song song vi bt k trc no v tng m men i vi bt
k trc no trong khng gian u bng 0,0.
Di tng ng - Mt cu kin tuyn tnh gi nh tch ra khi mt cu dng phn tch, trong
hiu ng lc cc tr tnh ton cho ti trng ca mt bnh xe theo chiu ngang hoc chiu dc l xp x
vi cc tc dng thc trong bn.
Cc tr - Ti a hoc ti thiu.
Tnh lin tc chu un - Kh nng truyn m men v s xoay gia cc cu kin hoc trong cu kin.
Dm sn - Tn thng dng ca dm ngang (M).
Vt bnh - Din tch tip xc gia bnh xe v mt ng.
Tc dng khung - Tnh lin tc ngang gia mt cu v bn bng ca cc mt ct rng hoc gia mt
cu v bn bng.
V tr bt li - V tr v hng ca ti trng tc thi gy nn hiu ng lc cc tr.
Khng n hi - S p ng ca kt cu trong ng sut khng t l trc tip vi ng bin v bin
dng cn d sau khi d ti.
Mt tip xc - Ni m hai chi tit v/hoc cu kin tip xc vi nhau.
Tc ng lin hp bn trong - S tc ng qua li gia mt cu v lp ph kt cu.
Bn ng hng - Bn c nhng c tnh kt cu ng nht thit yu trn hai hng chnh.
Ct thp ng hng - Hai lp ct thp ng nht, vung gc v tip xc trc tip vi nhau.
Ngang - Hng nm ngang hoc gn nh nm ngang bt k.

Tiu chun thit k cu

392

Phn tch cc b - Nghin cu su v ng bin v ng sut trong hoc gia cc cu kin t hiu ng
lc c c t phn tch tng th.
Chiu cao tnh - Chiu cao b tng khng tnh phn b tng trong phn gn sng ca vn khun thp.
Sn li h - Sn li kim loi khng c lp hoc ph bng b tng.
Sn h - Sn bn mt cu trc hng gm mt tm bn hoc mt tit din thp cn c hn vo
bn mt cu.
Bn trc hng - Bn c nhng c tnh kt cu khc nhau ng k trn hai hng chnh.
Tc ng lin hp mt phn - iu kin m hai hoc nhiu chi tit hoc cu kin c cu to
cho cng lm vic bng cch gim nhng khng loi tr chuyn v tng i mt tip xc ca chng,
hoc cc chi tit lin kt qu mm mt cu c th pht trin y tc ng lin hp.
Hng ch yu - mt cu ng hng l hng c khu nhp ngn hn; mt cu trc hng l
hng ca cu kin chu lc chnh.
Hng th yu - l hng trc giao vi hng ch yu.
Thi cng ct khc hay phn on - Phng php xy dng cu dng phng php ni cc on
btng c i tip , c sn hoc c ti ch bng ko sau (d ng lc) dc theo cu.
Mu neo chu ct - Chi tit c hc ngn nga cc chuyn v tng i c chiu thng gc v chiu
song song vi mt tip xc.
Tnh lin tc ct - iu kin m lc ct v chuyn v c truyn gia cc cu kin hoc bn
trong cu kin.
Kho (cht) chu ct - Hc sn l cu kin c sn c lp bng va, hoc mt h cc mu i
tip li v hc lm cc mt khc m bo tnh lin tc v ct gia cc cu kin.
Gc cho - Gc gia trc ca gi ta vi ng vung gc vi trc dc cu, c ngha l gc 0o biu th
cu vung gc.
Khong cch - C ly t tim n tim cc chi tit hoc cu kin, nh ct thp, dm gi v.v...
Vn khun li - Vn khun bng kim loi hoc b tng c sn li sau khi thi cng xong.
Bin ng sut - Chnh lch i s gia cc ng sut cc tr.
Lp ph kt cu - Lp lin kt vi mt cu bng b tng ngoi lp b tng atphan.
XeTandem - Xe hai trc c cng trng lng t cnh nhau v c lin kt vi nhau bng c hc.
Neo chng nh - Chi tit c hc ngn nga chuyn dch tng i thng gc vi mt tip xc.

Tiu chun thit k cu

393

L rng - Khong trng khng lin tc bn trong mt cu lm gim t trng.

Mt cu khot rng - Mt cu b tng trong din tch khot rng khng khng ln hn 40% tng
din tch.
Bnh xe - Mt hoc mt i lp mt u ca trc xe
Ti trng bnh xe - Mt na ti trng trc thit k theo quy nh.
Lp mt chu mi mn - Lp c th mt i ca kt cu mt cu hoc lp ph bo v kt cu mt
cu chng mi mn, mui ng v tc ng ca mi trng. Lp ph c th bao hm c phng nc.
ng chy do - ng chy do trong biu quan h ng sut - bin dng
Phn tch ng chy do - Phng php xc nh kh nng chu ti ca cu kin da trn hnh
thnh mt c cu.
Phng php ng chy do - Phng php phn tch trong s lng c th c ca phn b
ng chy do ca bn b tng c xem xt xc nh kh nng chu ti ti thiu.
9.3. Cc k hiu
a
C
e
h
S
t
td,eff

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

tr

chiu rng ca khong cch gia cc bn bng sn (mm) (9.8.3.7.2)

chiu cao b ct di c th lp sn ca bn trc hng (mm) (9.8.3.7.4)
c ly trng gia cc sn kn bn mt cu thp trc hng (mm) (9.8.3.7.4).
chiu di ca phn nghing ca bn bng sn (mm) (9.8.3.7.2)
chiu di hu hiu ca nhp (mm) (9.7.3.2).
chiu dy ca bn hoc tm (mm) (9.8.3.7.1).
chu cao hu hiu ca bn mt, bao gm hiu ng lm tng cng ca lp mt
(mm) (9.8.3.7.2).
chiu dy ca bn bng sn (mm) (9.8.3.7.2).

9.4. Cc yu cu thit k chung

9.4.1. Tc ng mt tip xc
Mt cu khng phi loi sn li h, phi c lm lin hp vi cc cu kin chng, tr khi c
nhng l do buc phi lm khc i. Mt cu khng lin hp phi c lin kt vi cu kin phng
s tch thng ng.
Cc mu neo chu ct hoc cc lin kt khc gia mt khng phi loi sn li h v cc cu kin chng
phi c thit k theo hiu ng lc tnh ton trn c s tc ng lin hp y d cho tc ng lin hp
c c xt n hay khng trong khi nh kch thc cc cu kin ch yu. Cc chi tit truyn lc ct
qua mt tip xc vi cu kin bng thp cn tha mn cc quy nh thch hp iu 6.6.
Phi cu to hu hiu ng lc gia mt cu v cc chi tit ph hoc cu kin khc.
9.4.2. Thot nc mt cu
Tr mt cu bng li thp khng ph kn, mt cu phi lm dc ngang v dc dc theo quy nh
iu 2.6.6. Hiu ng kt cu ca cc l thot nc phi c xt n trong thit k mt cu.

Tiu chun thit k cu

394

9.4.3. Cc chi tit ph bng b tng

Tr khi Ch u t c quy nh khc i, cc b va, tng phng h, lan can, lan can t v tng phn
cch phi c lm lin tc v mt kt cu. Xem xt s tham gia v mt kt cu ca chng vi mt cu
cn c gii hn ph hp vi cc quy nh iu 9.5.1.
9.4.4. B mp
Tr khi bn mt cu c thit k chu ti trng bnh xe v tr mp, cc mp bn c b . Dm
mp khng y cn ph hp vi cc quy nh iu 9.7.1.4.
9.4.5. Vn khun li cho b phn hng
Vn khun li, ngoi loi dng mt cu bng thp c lp kn, khng c dng trong phn hng
ca mt cu b tng.
9.5. Cc trng thi gii hn
9.5.1. Tng qut
Vic cng tham gia chu lc vi mt cu ca cc chi tit b tng c th c xt n cho trng thi gii
hn s dng v mi nhng khng c xt cho trng thi gii hn cng v c bit.
Tr phn mt cu hng, ni no tho mn c cc iu kin ghi iu 9.7.2 th c th xem nh mt
cu b tng tha mn cc yu cu ca cc trng thi gii hn s dng, mi, c bit v cng , v
khng cn phi tha mn cc quy nh khc ca iu 9.5.
9.5.2. Trng thi gii hn s dng
trng thi gii hn s dng mt cu v h mt cu phi c phn tch nh l mt kt cu hon ton
n hi v phi oc thit k v cu to tha mn cc quy nh cc phn 5 v 6.
Cc hiu ng ca bin dng mt cu qa mc cn c xt cc mt cu khng lm bng b tng v
mt cu thp c lp bng b tng.
9.5.3. Trng thi gii hn mi v t gy
Mi khng cn phi kho st i vi :

Mt cu b tng v mt cu dng mng dm lp y trong cc kt cu c nhiu dm,

Phn lp y ca mt cu dng mng dm lp mt phn,

Mt cu mng dm thp v bn thp trc hng cn ph hp vi quy nh iu 6.5.3.

Tiu chun thit k cu

395

Mt cu b tng khng phi l mt cu nhiu dm phi c kho st v trng thi gii hn mi ghi
iu 5.5.3.
9.5.4. Trng thi gii hn cng
trng thi gii hn cng mt cu v h mt cu c th c phn tch nh kt cu n hi hoc
khng n hi v cn c thit k v cu to tha mn cc quy nh Phn 5 v 6.
9.5.5. Trng thi gii hn c bit
Mt cu phi c thit k theo hiu ng lc truyn t xa v t hp ti trng dng cho lan can, cc bin
php phn tch v trng thi gii hn ghi Phn 13. Th nghim nghim thu, ph hp vi Phn 13, c
th c dng tha mn cc yu cu ny.
9.6. pHn tch
9.6.1. Cc phng php phn tch
C th s dng phng php phn tch n hi gn ng iu 4.6.2.1, hoc phng php chnh xc
iu 4.6.3.2, hoc thit k bn b tng theo kinh nghim iu 9.7 cho cc trng thi gii hn khc
nhau cho php trong iu 9.5.
9.6.2. Ti trng
Ti trng, v tr ti trng, din tch tip xc ca lp xe v cc t hp ti trng cn ph hp vi cc quy
nh ca Phn 3.
9.7. Bn mt cu b tng
9.7.1. Tng qut
9.7.1.1. Chiu dy ti thiu v lp bo v
Tr khi c Ch u t chp nhn, chiu dy bn mt cu b tng, khng bao gm bt k d phng
no v mi mn, xi rnh v lp mt b i, khng c nh hn 175 mm.
Lp bo v ti thiu phi ph hp vi quy nh iu 5.12.3.

9.7.1.2. Tc ng lin hp
Mu neo chu ct phi thit k ph hp vi cc quy nh Phn 5 cho dm b tng v Phn 6 cho dm
kim loi.

9.7.1.3. Mt cu cho
Nu gc cho ca mt cu khng vt qu 25o th ct thp ch c th t theo hng cho; nu khng,
chng phi t theo hng vung gc vi cu kin chu lc chnh.

Tiu chun thit k cu

396

9.7.1.4. B mp
Tr khi c quy nh khc, ng t on tc mp ca bn mt cu phi c tng cng hoc
bng dm hoc cu kin dng tuyn. Dm hoc cu kin ny phi c lm lin hp hoc hp nht vi
mt cu. Dm mp c th thit k nh mt dm c chiu rng ly bng chiu rng hu hiu ca mt
cu theo iu 4.6.2.1.4.
ni hng chnh ca mt cu l hng ngang v/hoc mt cu l lin hp vi ba-ri-e b tng lin tc
v kt cu th khng cn lm thm dm mp.

9.7.1.5. Thit k bn hng

Phn bn hng ca mt cu phi c thit k chu ti trng va p vo lan

can v ph hp vi cc quy nh iu 3.6.1.3.
Hiu ng ct xuyn thng chn pha ngoi ca ct lan can hoc ba-ri-e do ti trng va p ca xe phi
c kho st.
9.7.2. Thit k theo kinh nghim
9.7.2.1. Tng qut
Cc quy nh ca iu 9.7.2 ch lin quan n phng php thit k theo kinh nghim i vi bn mt
cu b tng t trn cc cu kin dc v khng c p dng cho bt k iu no khc trong phn ny,
tr khi c quy nh ring.
Cc thanh ct thp dc ng hng c th tham gia chu m men un cc gi gia ca cc kt cu
lin tc.

9.7.2.2. ng dng
Thit k mt cu b tng ct thp theo kinh nghim c th c dng nu tha mn cc iu kin ghi
iu 9.7.2.4.
Cc quy nh ca iu ny khng c dng cho phn hng. Phn hng cn c thit k vi :

Ti trng bnh xe cho mt cu c lan can v ba-ri-e khng lin tc bng phng php di tng ng,

Ti trng dng tuyn tng ng cho mt cu c ba-ri-e lin tc ghi iu 3.6.1.3.4, v

Lc va dng c cu ph hoi ghi iu A13.2.

9.7.2.3. Chiu di hu hiu

dng phng php thit k theo kinh nghim, chiu di hu hiu ca bn c ly nh sau :

Vi bn c lin khi vi vch hoc dm : c ly t mt n mt,

Vi bn ta trn dm thp hoc dm b tng : c ly gia nh nch cng thm phn nch c ngha
l c ly t nh nch bn kia n bn bng bn ny bt k gc ln th no.

Trng hp cc cu kin t cho nhau, chiu di hu hiu cn ly bng phn rng hn ca chiu
di bn hai v tr trn Hnh 1.

397

Tiu chun thit k cu

Dm 1
D 1
Chiu di c hiu
Ly tr s ln hn trong hai tr s

Sc hiu

Dm 2

Hnh 9.7.2.3-1. Chiu di hu hiu ca cc dm cch nhau khng u.

9.7.2.4. Cc iu kin thit k

Chiu dy thit k ca bn iu ny khng c bao gm phn tn hao c th xy ra do mi mn, xi
rnh hoc ph mt.
Ch nn dng phng php thit k theo kinh nghim nu tho mn cc iu sau:

S dng cc khung ngang hay cc vch ngn trn ton b rng mt ct ngang cc tuyn gi
.

i vi mt ct ngang c gn vo cc b phn cng chu xon nh mt ct gm cc dm

hnh hp tch ring tng hp vi nhau, hoc l c cu to cc vch ngn trung gian nm
gia cc hp vi khong cch khng qu 8000mm, hoc cn c ct thp b sung trn cc bn
bng dm chu c un ngang gia cc hp ring l phi nghin cu v tng cng ct
thp nu cn.

C cc cu kin bng thp v/hay btng.

Bn mt cu phi c c ti ch hon ton v c bo dng bng nc.

Bn mt cu phi c chiu dy khng i, tr ch nch ti cc bn cnh dm v nhng ch

tng dy cc b khc.

T l gia chiu di hu hiu v chiu dy thit k khng c vt qu 18.0 v khng c t hn

6,0.

Chiu dy phn li ca bn khng c t hn 100cm

Chiu di hu hiu theo quy nh trong iu 9.7.2.3 khng c vt qu 4100mm

Chiu dy bn ti thiu khng c t hn 175mm ngoi tr lp mt chu tn tht do mi mn

nu c.

C phn hng nh ra ngoi tim ca dm ngoi cng t nht l 5 ln chiu rng bn, iu kin
ny cng c tho mn nu phn hng t nht bng 3 ln chiu dy bn v lan can b tng
lin tc c cu to lin hp vi phn hng .

Tiu chun thit k cu

Cng quy nh 28 ngy ca btng bn mt cu khng c nh hn 28.0 MPa

Mt cu c lm lin hp vi cc cu kin ca kt cu .

398

p dng iu khon ny, phi lm t nht hai neo chng ct vi c ly tim n tim l 600mm
trong vng mmen m ca kt cu phn trn lin tc bng thp. Cc quy nh ca iu 6.10.3
cng phi c tho mn. i vi cc dm btng, cc ct ai ko di vo trong mt cu phi coi
nh tho mn yu cu ny.

9.7.2.5. Cc yu cu v ct thp
Phi t 4 lp ct thp ng hng trong bn thit k theo kinh nghim. Ct thp phi t cng gn cc
mt ngoi cng tt nh cc i hi v lp bo v cho php. Ct thp phi c t trong mi mt ca
bn vi lp ngoi cng t theo phng ca chiu di hu hiu. S lng ct thp ti thiu bng 0,570
mm2/mm thp cho mi lp y v 0,380 mm2/mm thp cho mi lp nh. C ly ct thp khng c
vt qu 450 mm. Ct thp cp 400 hoc hn. Ton b ct thp l cc thanh thng, tr cc mc cc
ch c yu cu. Ch c dng mi ni chp u.
Nu gc xin vt qu 25o, ct thp theo quy nh c hai hng cn c tng gp i vng cui
bn mt cu. Mi vng cui bn phi xt n mt c ly dc di bng chiu di hu hiu ca bn c
nu iu 9.7.2.3

9.7.2.6. Mt cu vi vn khun li
i vi mt cu lm bng vn khun thp gn sng, chiu dy thit k ca bn c gi nh bng
chiu dy ti thiu ca b tng.
Vn khun b tng li khng c kt hp vi thit k theo kinh nghim ca bn b tng.
9.7.3. Thit k truyn thng
9.7.3.1. Tng qut
Cc quy nh ca iu ny phi p dng cho bn b tng c bn lp ct thp, mi hng hai lp v ph
hp vi iu 9.7.1.1

9.7.3.2. Phn b ct thp

Ct thp phi c b tr hng ph di y bn bng t l phn trm ca ct thp hng chnh
chu m men dng di y:

cho ct thp hng chnh song song vi ln xe: 1750 / S 50%

cho ct thp chnh vung gc vi ln xe: 3840 S 67%

y:
S

chiu di nhp hu hiu ly bng chiu di hu hiu iu 9.7.2.3 (mm)

Tiu chun thit k cu

399

9.7.4 . Vn khun li
9.7.4.1. Tng qut
Vn khun li phi c thit k n hi di ti trng thi cng. Ti trng thi cng khng c ly
nh hn trng lng ca khun v bn b tng cng vi 2.4 10-3 MPa.
ng sut un do ti trng thi cng khng c h s khng vt qu:

75% cng chy ca thp, hoc

65% cng chu nn 28 ngy tui ca b tng chu nn, hoc cng chu ko ca panen
vn khun d ng lc.

Bin dng n hi gy ra bi t trng vn khun, btng t v ct thp khng c vt qu:

i vi chiu di nhp vn khun t 3000 mm tr xung, bng chiu di nhp vn khun chia
cho 180 nhng khng vt qu 6mm, hoc

i vi chiu di nhp vn khun ln hn 3000mm bng chiu di nhp vn khun cho 240
nhng khng vt qu 20mm

9.7.4.2. Vn khun thp

Panen phi c quy nh lin kt vi nhau v c hc u chung v ct cht vi gi . Khng c
php hn vn khun thp vo cu kin tr khi c nu trong h s hp ng.
Vn khun thp khng c xt lm vic lin hp vi bn b tng

9.7.4.3. Vn khun b tng

9.7.4.3.1. Chiu dy
Chiu dy vn khun li bng b tng khng c vt qu 55% chiu dy ca bn sau khi hon
thnh v cng khng c nh hn 90 mm.
9.7.4.3.2 . Ct thp
Panen vn khun bng b tng c th to d ng sut theo phng ca nhp thit k.
Nu khi bn c trc l bn d ng lc th cc b cp c th c coi l ct thp chnh ca bn mt
cu. Vic truyn v ko di cc b cp cn c kho st trong iu kin thi cng v khai thc.
B cp d ng lc v thanh ct thp trong panen c trc khng cn phi ko di ln phn b tng
ti ch pha trn dm
Nu c dng, ct thp phn b pha di c th t thng ln nh panen. Mi ni ca ct thp ch
pha trn ca bn mt cu khng c t trn cc mi ni panen.

Tiu chun thit k cu

400

Lp b tng bo v pha di cc b cp khng nn nh hn 20 mm.

9.7.4.3.3. Khng ch t bin v co ngt
Tui ca b tng panen ti lc b tng ti ch cn tnh sao cho chnh lch gia c co ngt v t bin
ca panen c sn vi co ngt ca b tng ti ch l t nht.
Mt trn ca panen cn c lm nhm m bo tc ng lin hp vi b tng ti ch.
9.7.4.3.4. t panen
u ca cc panen vn khun cn c ta lin tc trn b va hoc c ta trong khi thi cng bng cch
lm cho b tng ti ch chy vo khong trng gia panen v cu kin hnh thnh b b tng.
9.7.5. Bn mt cu c sn t trn dm
9.7.5.1. Tng qut
C th s dng c panen bn b tng ct thp v bn b tng d ng lc . Chiu dy ca bn, khng bao
gm bt k d phng no v mi mn, xoi rnh v lp mt b i, khng c nh hn 175 mm.

9.7.5.2. Mt cu c sn c lin kt ngang

C th dng mt cu khng lin tc chu un bng panen c sn v ni vi nhau bng mi ni chu
ct. Thit k mi ni chu ct v va dng trong mi ni phi c Ch u t duyt. Cc quy nh ca
iu 9.7.4.3.4 c th p dng thit k b .

9.7.5.3. Mt cu c sn ko sau theo chiu dc

Cc cu kin c sn c th t trn dm v ni vi nhau bng ko sau dc cu. d ng lc hu hiu
bnh qun ti thiu khng c thp hn 1,7 MPa.
Mi ni ngang gia cc cu kin v u ni mi ni cc ng gen ko sau phi quy nh lp kn bng
va khng co ngt c cng nn ti thiu bng 35 MPa tui 24 gi.
u ni phi c t trong bn quanh mu neo chu ct v cu c lp bng va nh trn sau khi ko
sau xong.
9.7.6. Bn mt cu thi cng phn on
9.7.6.1. Tng qut
Cc quy nh ca iu ny c dng cho bn pha trn ca dm ko sau m mt ct ngang ca chng
gm mt hp hoc hp c nhiu ngn. Bn c phn tch theo cc quy nh ca iu 4.6.2.1.6

9.7.6.2. Mi ni mt cu
Cc mi ni mt cu ca cu phn on c sn c th l ni kh, dn keo mt tip xc hoc b
tng ti ch (ni t).
Cng ca mi ni b tng ti ch khng c thp hn cng ca b tng c sn. B rng
ca mi ni b tng phi cho php trin khai ct thp mi ni hoc ch ni ca cc ng bc nu c,
nhng khng c nh hn 300 mm.

Tiu chun thit k cu

401

9.8. Mt cu thp
9.8.1. Tng qut
Mt cu thp phi c thit k tho mn cc yu cu ca Phn 6. Din tch tip xc ca lp xe phi
c xc nh theo iu 3.6.1.2.5.
9.8.2. Mt cu dng mng dm thp
9.8.2.1. Tng qut
Mt cu dng mng dm thp bao gm cc cu kin chnh ni gia cc dm, dm dc hoc dm ngang
v cc cu kin ph ni v bc qua cc cu kin chnh. Cc cu kin chnh v ph c th hnh thnh cc
hnh ch nht hoc cho v phi c lin kt chc chn vi nhau.
C th dng cc phng php sau xc nh ng lc:

Cc phng php gn ng iu 4.6.2.1, nu thch hp,

L thuyt bn trc hng,

Phng php li tng ng, hoc

Dng cc cng c tr gip thit k do cc nh sn xut cung cp, nu s lm vic ca mt cu c

minh chng bng c liu k thut y .

Khi mt cu kiu mng dm c lp kn hoc lp tng phn c m hnh ho phn tch nh bn

trc hng hoc li tng ng th cng chng un v chng xon c th c tnh bng cc
phng php gn ng cho php v c sa i hoc bng th nghim vt l.
Mt trong nhng phng php gn ng c chp nhn l da trn din tch mt ct tnh i. Cc mu
neo chu ct c hc bao gm kha rng ca, dp ni, lp ph ct trn mt v cc bin php thch hp
khc c th c dng tng cng tc ng lin hp gia cc b phn ca li vi lp b tng lp.
Nu mt cu c lp y hoc lp mt phn c coi l lin hp vi cc cu kin n trong thit k
cc cu kin ny th chiu rng hu hiu ca bn trong mt ct lin hp cn ly theo iu 4.6.2.1.2

9.8.2.2. Sn mng dm h
Sn mng dm h phi c lin kt vi cu kin bng hn hoc xit c hc mi chi tit chnh.
ni dng hn lin kt c th dng cch hn mt pha vi mi hn di 75 mm hoc hn c hai pha
vi mi hn di 40 mm.
Tr khi c cc cn c khc, hn trong sn mng dm h cn c coi l chi tit Loi E v cn p
dng cc quy nh ca iu 6.6.

Tiu chun thit k cu

402

u, cui v mp sn mng dm h c th cho xe chy qua phi c bi cc thanh hp long hoc

bng cch khc hu hiu qu.

9.8.2.3. Mt cu dng mng dm c lp y hoc lp mt phn

9.8.2.3.1. Tng qut
Loi mt cu ny bao gm mng dm thp hoc h kt cu thp khc c lp y hoc lp mt phn
bng b tng. Cn p dng iu 9.8.2.1 cho mt cu dng mng dm c lp y hoc lp mt phn.
ch c th cn lm lp ph kt cu dy 40,0mm.
Mng dm c lp y hoc lp mt phn phi c ni vi cu kin bng hn hoc inh neo
truyn lc ct gia hai mt.
9.8.2.3.2. Cc yu cu thit k
Trng lng b tng lp c gi nh l hon ton do phn thp ca mt cu chu. Ti trng truyn qua
v tnh ti cht thm c th gi nh do cc thanh ca mng dm cng lm vic vi b tng lp chu.
Lp ph b tng c th coi l mt b phn ca mt cu lin hp v kt cu
9.8.2.3.3. Trng thi gii hn mi v t gy
Lin kt bn trong gia cc b phn ca mng dm thp mt cu dng mng dm c lp y khng
cn phi xt n mi.
Vi mng dm c lp mt phn th lin kt bn trong gia cc b phn ca mng dm thp phn b
tng lp khng cn phi xt n mi. Cc lin kt hn bn trong gia cc b phn ca mng dm thp
m khng c lp b tng phi c coi l cc chi tit Loi E tr khi c chng minh khc.

9.8.2.4. Mt cu dng mng dm khng lp lin hp vi bn b tng ct thp

9.8.2.4.1. Tng qut
tho mn cc yu cu ca iu 9.8.2.1, sn dng mng dm lin hp khng lp c th bao gm mt
mng dm thp khng lp hoc h kt cu thp c lm lin hp vi bn b tng ct thp t trn mt
ca mt cu thp khng c lp. Tc ng lin hp gia bn b tng v mng dm mt cu phi bo
m bng cc mu neo hoc bng bin php hu hiu khc c th chu c lc ct ngang v ng
mt tip xc ca cc cu kin.
Tc ng lin hp gia mt cu dng mng dm v cu kin cn c m bo bng cc mu neo
chu ct c hc.
Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 9.8.2. Tr khi c quy nh khc.
Cc mi ni khng lin tc v ngui loi mt cu ny cn hn ch mc ti thiu.

Tiu chun thit k cu

403

9.8.2.4.2. Thit k
Thit k bn b tng phi ph hp vi cc quy nh Phn 5, ngoi ra c th dng mt lp ct thp cho
mi hng chnh.
Mt tip xc gia bn b tng v h thp phi tho mn cc quy nh ca iu 6.10.7.4
9.8.2.4.3.Trng thi gii hn mi
Phi p dng cc quy nh v mi ca iu 9.8.2.2. Bn b tng ct thp lin hp phi c a vo
tnh ton bin ng sut.
9.8.3. Mt cu bn thp trc hng
9.8.3.1. Tng qut
Mt cu thp trc hng phi bao gm bn mt cu c lm cng v tng cng bi cc sn dc v
dm-sn ngang. Bn mt cu phi lm vic nh l bn cnh chung ca cc sn dm sn v cc cu
kin dc chnh ca cu.
Trong khi khi phc, nu mt cu trc hng c bi cc dm sn hin c th lin kt gia mt cu
v dm sn cn thit k cho tc ng lin hp hon ton, d cho hiu ng ca tc ng lin hp c b
qua trong thit k dm-sn. ni c th, cn lm cc lin kt ph hp to tc ng lin hp gia
mt cu v cc cu kin dc ch.

9.8.3.2. Phn b ti trng bnh xe

C th gi nh,p lc ca lp xe c phn b vi gc 450 mi hng t din tch mt tip xc ti
gia bn mt cu. Vt lp xe c quy nh iu 3.6.1.2.5

9.8.3.3. Lp mt hao mn
Lp mt hao mn cn c coi l mt b phn cu thnh ca h mt cu trc hng v phi c lin
kt vi nh ca bn mt cu.
C th xt ti s ng gp ca lp mt hao mn vo cng ca cc cu kin ca mt cu trc hung,
nu c tnh kt cu v lin kt c chng t l tho mn trong bin nhit t 10oC n +70oC. Nu
s ng gp ca lp mt vo cng c xt trong thit k, th nhng c tnh k thut cn thit ca
lp mt hao mn phi c ch r trong h s hp ng.
Hiu ng lc trong lp mt v mt tip xc vi bn mt cu phi c kho st c xt n cc c
tnh k thut ca lp mt nhit khai thc cc tr cho trc.

Tc ng lin hp di hn gia bn mt cu v lp mt hao mn phi c l gii

bng th nghim tnh ti v ti trng chu k.

Tiu chun thit k cu

404

thit k lp mt hao mn v s dnh kt ca n vi bn mt cu, lp mt hao mn c gi nh l

lin hp vi bn mt cu bt k l bn mt cu c c thit k trn c s khng.

9.8.3.4. Phn tch chnh xc

Hiu ng lc trong bn trc hng c th xc nh bng cc phng php phn

tch n hi, nh li tng ng, di hu hn hoc phn t hu hn c nu
Phn 4
9.8.3.5. Phn tch gn ng
9.8.3.5.1. Chiu rng hu hiu
Chiu rng hu hiu ca bn mt cu cng lm vic vi sn c xc nh theo quy nh iu 4.6.2.6.4
9.8.3.5.2. Mt cu sn h
Sn h c th phn tch nh mt dm lin tc ta trn cc dm-sn.
Vi cc nhp sn khng vt qu 4500 mm ti trng trn mt sn do ti trng bnh xe c th c
xc nh nh l phn lc ca bn lin tc theo phng ngang ta trn cc sn cng.
Vi cc nhp
sn ln hn 4500 mm, hiu ng ca un ca sn ln phn b ngang ca ti trng bnh xe c th
xc nh bng phn tch n hi.
Vi cc nhp sn khng ln hn 3000 mm, un ca dm sn cn c xt n trong tnh ton hiu
ng lc.
9.8.3.5.3. Mt cu sn kn
phn tch mt cu c sn kn c th dng phng php na kinh nghim ca Pellkan-esslinger.
Hiu ng lc trn mt sn kn vi nhp khng ln hn 6000 mm c th tnh theo ti trng bnh xe t
ln mt sn, b qua hiu ng ca ti trng bnh xe bn cnh theo phng ngang.

9.8.3.6. Thit k
9.8.3.6.1. Xp chng hiu ng cc b v tng th
Trong tnh ton ng lc cc tr ca mt cu, t hp ng cc b v ng lc tng th cn c xc nh
theo iu 6.14.3
9.8.3.6.2 . Cc trng thi gii hn
Mt cu trc hng phi oc thit k tha mn cc yu cu ca Phn 6 mi trng thi gii hn c
p dng, tr cc quy nh khc y.
trng thi gii hn s dng, mt cu cn tho mn cc yu cu quy nh iu 2.5.2.6
Khi xt trng thi gii hn cng i vi t hp cc hiu ng lc cc b v tng th phi p dng
cc quy nh ca iu 6.14.3.

405

Tiu chun thit k cu

Cc hiu ng mt n nh do nn ca mt cu trc hng cn c kho st trng thi gii hn cng

. Nu mt n nh khng khng ch th sc khng ca bn mt cu trc hng phi da vo vic t
n gii hn chy mi im ca mt ct.
Vi trng thi gii hn mi, cc quy nh ca iu 6.6.1.2, Bng 6.6.1.2.3-2 phi p dng cho mi do
ti trng. Cc quy nh ca iu 6.6.1.3.3 vi cc yu cu chi tit ca iu 9.8.3.7 p dng cho cc cu
kin chu mi do xon.

9.8.3.7. Yu cu cu to
9.8.3.7.1. Chiu dy ti thiu ca bn
Chiu dy t ca bn khng c nh hn 14,0 mm hoc 4% ca c ly ln hn gia cc bn bng sn.
9.8.3.7.2. Sn kn
Chiu dy ca sn kn khng c nh hn 6,0mm.
Kch thc mt ct ca mt cu thp trc hng tho mn:

t r a3
400
t 3d.eff h'

(9.8.3.7.2-1)

y :
tr

chiu dy ca bn bng sn (mm);

td.eff

chiu dy hu hiu ca bn mt cu c xt n hiu ng cng ca lp mt nh quy nh

trong iu 9.8.3.3 (mm);

c ly ln hn gia cc bn bng sn (mm);

chiu di ca phn nghing ca bn bng sn (mm)

Phn bn trong ca sn kn phi c bt kn :

Bng cc mi hn lin tc mt tip xc gia sn v bn mt cu,

cc mi ni sn bng hn, v

cc vch ngang u cc sn.

Cho php cc mi hn c thu 80% gia bn bng ca sn kn vi bn mt cu.

9.8.3.7.3. Mi hn khng cho php ln mt cu trc hng
Khng cho php hn cc thit b ph, cc gi thit b, cc mc nng hoc cc vu neo chu ct ln
bn mt cu hoc ln sn.

406

Tiu chun thit k cu

9.8.3.7.4. Chi tit mt cu v sn

Cc mi ni mt cu v sn phi c hn hoc xit cht c hc bng bu lng cng cao theo chi
tit cho bng 6.6.1.2.2 v Hnh 1. Sn cu chy lin tc qua cc l ct trn bn bng dm-sn nh
trn Hnh 1. Mi hn i u ct mp mt bn trn thanh m c li.
Mi hn lin tc c thanh m di.
Mi hn gi u ct mp mt bn
Trn thanh m c li
Mi hn gc lin tc c thanh
m di

a) Mi ni dc hn ti ch ca bn mt cu
Khng c mu ct bng

Ghi ch c > h/3 ti thiu

bng 75 mm

Mi cc mp hn khng
c bao quanh

b) Sn giao nhau vi dm sn

Hnh 9.8.3.7.4-1- Cc yu cu cu to i vi mt cu trc hng

Tiu chun thit k cu

407

Phn 10 - Nn mng
10.1. Phm vi
Cc quy nh ca phn ny cn p dng thit k mng m rng, mng cc ng v mng cc khoan
nhi.
C s mang tnh xc sut ca Tiu chun thit k ny, cc t hp ti trng, h s ti trng, sc khng,
h s sc khng v tin cy thng k phi c xem xt khi la chn phng php tnh sc khng
khc vi phng php c cp y. Cc phng php khc, c bit khi c cng nhn mang
tnh a phng v c xem l thch hp cho cc iu kin a phng, c th c s dng nu nh
bn cht thng k ca cc h s c cho trn c xem xt thng qua vic s dng nht qun l
thuyt tin cy, v c Ch u t chp thun
10.2. Cc nh ngha
Cc xin - Cc ng c gc nghing so vi phng thng ng to ra sc khng cao hn i vi ti
trng ngang
Cc chng - Cc chu ti trng dc trc nh ma st hay sc chu lc mi cc.
T hp cc chng v cc ma st- Cc c c kh nng chu lc t t hp ca c sc chu mi cc
v sc khng bao quanh dc thn cc.
mng t hp - Mng hn mt ct
chu lc tt - Khi c cc k nt khng rng qu 3,2 mm.
Mng su - Mng m sc chng ca n c c bng truyn ti trng ti t hay ti su no
bn di kt cu bng kh nng chu lc ti y, s dnh bm hay ma st, hoc c hai.
Cc khoan - Mt kiu mng su, c chn ton b hay mt phn trong t v c thi cng bng
cch b tng ti trong h khoan trc c hoc khng c ct thp. Cc khoan c c kh nng chu
ti t t xung quanh v hay t a tng t hay pha di mi cc. Cc khoan cng thng c coi
nh l cc ging chm, ging chm khoan, cc khoan hay tr khoan.
ng sut hu hiu - ng sut rng trn ton b cc im tip xc ca cc phn t t, ni chung c
xem nh tng ng vi tng ng sut tr i p lc nc l rng.
Cc ma st - Cc m ton b kh nng chu lc ch yu c c t sc khng ca t bao quanh dc
thn cc c chn trong t.
Mng c lp - n l cc phn khc nhau ca mt cu kin kt cu phn di; mng ny c
gi l mng c .

Tiu chun thit k cu

408

Chiu di ca mng - Kch thc theo hnh chiu bng ln nht ca cu kin mng.
T l qu c kt - c nh ngha l t l gia p lc tin c kt v ng sut hu hiu thng ng
hin ti.
Cc - Mt kiu mng su tng i mnh c chn ton b hay mt phn trong t, c thi cng
bng ng, khoan, khoan xon, xi thu lc hay cc phng php khc v n c c kh nng chu ti
t t xung quanh v/ hay t a tng t hay bn di mi cc.
M cc - M s dng cc cc nh l cc cu kin ct.
Mi cc - Ming kim loi gn vo u xuyn ca cc bo v cc chng h hng trong qu trnh
ng cc v thun tin cho vic xuyn qua lp vt liu rt cht.
Thm lu - S xi mn dn t do thm nc m kt qu l to ra cc mch m trong t, qua nc
chy mt cch nguy him v khng kim sot c.
S ln chm - Mt tnh nng lm vic quan st c trong mt s th nghim cht ti cc, khi m
ln ca cc tip tc tng khi khng tng ti trng.
Cc chng - Cc m ton b kh nng chu lc ch yu c c t lc khng ca vt liu mng m
trn mi cc ta vo.
RQD (Rock Quality Designation) Ch tiu xc nh cht lng .
Mng nng - Mng c c sc chu ti bng cch truyn ti trng trc tip ti lp t hay ti chiu
su nng.
Mt trt - B mt b mi v thnh khe trong st hoc do chuyn v ct theo mt phng.
Tng ng sut - Tng p lc do t v nc ln bt k hng no.
Chiu rng ca mng - Kch thc theo hnh chiu bng nh nht ca cu kin mng.
10.3. Cc k hiu
Cc n v o lng km theo cc din gii ca mi thut ng l cc n v gi . C th dng cc n
v khc ph hp vi din gii c xem xt:
A

din tch mng hu hiu dng xc nh ln n hi ca mng chu ti trng

lch tm (mm2) (10.6.2.2.3b)

Ap

din tch ca mi cc hay chn ca cc khoan (mm2) (10.7.3.2)

As

din tch b mt ca cc khoan (mm2) (10.7.3.2)

asi

chu vi cc im ang xt (mm) (10.7.3.4.3c)

Au

din tch b nh ca cc khoan c loe (mm) (10.8.3.7.2 )

chiu rng ca mng (mm); chiu rng ca nhm cc (mm) (10.6.3.1.2c)

chiu rng hu hiu ca mng (mm) (10.6.3.1.5 )

Cae

h s ln th cp d tnh theo kt qu th nghim c kt trong phng ca cc mu

t nguyn dng (DiM) (10.6.2.2.3c)

Cc

ch s nn (DIM) (10.6.2.2.3c)

Tiu chun thit k cu

Cce
Ccr
Co
CPT
Cre
Cv
Cw1Cw2
c
c q, c
c1

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

c2
c

=
=

D
Db
Df
Di
Dp

=
=
=
=
=

dq
Ds
Dw
d
Em
Eo
Ep
Es
Er
eB

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

eL
eo
Fr
fc
fs
fsi
g
H

=
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=
=
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Hc
HD

=
=

Hs

409

t s nn (DIM) (10.6.2.2.3c)
ch s nn li (DIM) (10.6.2.2.3c)
cng chu nn mt trc ca (MPa ) (10.6.2.3.2 )
th nghim xuyn cn tnh (10.5.6 )
t s nn li (DIM) (10.6.2.2.3c)
h s c kt ( mm2/ NM) (10.6.2.2.3c)
cc h s hiu chnh xt n hiu ng nc ngm (DIM) (10.6.3.1.2c)
dnh ca t ( MPa ); cng chu ct khng thot nc (MPa) (10.6.3.1.2b)
h s nn ln ca t (DIM) (10.6.3.1.2c)
cng chu ct khng thot nc ca lp t trn cng c miu t trong
Hnh 3 (MPa) (10.6.3.1.2b )
cng chu ct ca lp t di (MPa) (10.6.3.1.2b)
ng sut hu hiu c chit gim, dnh ca t khi chu ct thng
(MPa) (10.6.3.1.2b )
chiu rng hoc ng knh cc (mm); ng knh cc khoan (mm) (10.7.3.4.2a)
(10.8.3.3.2 )
chiu su hu hiu ca nhm cc (mm) (10.7.2.3.3)
chiu su chn cc trong tng chu lc (mm) (10.7.2.1 )
chiu su chn mng tnh t mt t n y mng (mm) (10.6.3.1.2b)
chiu rng hay ng knh cc im ang xem xt (mm) (10.7.3.4.3c)
ng knh mi cc khoan (mm); ng knh phn loe (mm) (10.8.3.3.2 )
(10.8.3.7.2 )
h s chiu su (DiM) (10.6.3.1.2c)
ng knh ca h khi cc hoc cc khoan c chn trong (mm) (10.7.3.5)
chiu su n mt nc tnh t mt t (mm) (10.6.3.1.2c)
h s chiu su c tnh kh nng ca cc trong (10.7.3.5 )
m un c tnh ca khi (MPa) (C10.6.2.2.3d )
m un n hi ca nguyn khi (MPa) (10.6.2.2.3d )
m un n hi ca cc(MPa) (10.7.4.2 )
m un n hi ca t (MPa) (10.7.4.2 )
m un n hi ca ti hin trng (MPa) (10.8.3.5 )
lch tm ca ti trng song song vi chiu rng ca mng (mm)
(10.6.3.1.5 )
lch tm ca ti trng song song vi chiu di ca mng (mm) (10.6.3.1.5 )
h s rng ng vi ng sut hu hiu thng ng ban u (DIM) (10.6.2.2.3c)
h s gim sc khng mi cc ca cc khoan ng knh ln (DIM) (10.8.3.3.2 )
cng chu nn 28 ngy ca b tng (MPa) (10.6.2.3.2 )
ma st ng o t th nghim xuyn hnh nn (MPa) (10.7.3.4.3a )
sc khng ma st ng n v cc b t CPT ti im ang xt (MPa) (10.7.3.4.3c)
gia tc trng trng ( m/s2)
thnh phn ngang ca ti trng xin (N); khong cch t cc mi cc n nh ca
a tng thp nht (mm) (10.6.3.1.3b)
chiu cao ca lp t chu nn (mm) (10.6.2.2.3c)
chiu cao ca ng thot nc di nht trong lp t chu nn (mm)
(10.6.2.2.3c)
chiu cao ca khi t dc (mm); chiu su chn ca cc hoc cc khoan ngm
trong (mm) (10.6.3.1.2b) (10.7.3.5 )

Tiu chun thit k cu

HS2
hi
I
I

=
=
=
=

iq, i
K
Kc
Ks
Ksp
K

=
=
=
=
=
=

L
L
Lf
Li
N

=
=
=
=
=
=

N
Nc
N q, N
Ncm, Nqm

Nm
Nms
Nu
N m
N1

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

N2
nh

PL

=
=
=

po

Qep

Qg
QL
QLg
Qn
Qp
QR

=
=
=
=
=
=

Ncm, Nqm ,Nm

Ncorr

N corr

410

khong cch t y mng n nh ca lp t th hai (mm) (10.6.3.1.2b)

khong chiu di im ang xt (mm) (10.7.3.4.3c)
h s nh hng n chn hu hiu ca nhm cc (DIM) (10.7.2.3.3)
h s nh hng tnh n cng v kch thc ca mng (DIM ); m men
qun tnh ca cc ( mm4) (10.6.2.2.3d ) (10.7.4.2 )
h s xt nghing ti trng (DiM) (10.6.3.1.2c)
h s truyn ti trng (DIM) (10.8.3.4.2 )
h s hiu chnh xt ma st thnh ng lt trong t st (DIM) (10.7.3.4.3c)
h s hiu chnh xt ma st thnh ng lt trong ct (DIM) (10.7.3.4.3c)
h s kh nng chu ti khng th nguyn (DIM) (10.7.3.6 )
h s kh nng chu ti kinh nghim theo Hnh 10.6.3.1.3d-1 (DIM)
(10.6.3.1.3d )
chiu di mng (mm) (10.6.3.1.5 )
chiu di mng hu hiu (mm) (10.6.3.1.5)
chiu su n im o ma st thnh ng lt (mm) (10.7.3.4.3c)
chiu su tnh n gia ca khong cch im ang xt (mm) (10.7.3.4.3c)
th nghim xuyn tiu chun (SPT) s m ba p (ba/300 mm) (10.7.2.3.3)
s m ba p SPT trung bnh (cha hiu chnh ) dc theo chn cc (ba/ 300
mm) (10.7.3.4.2b )
h s kh nng chu ti (DIM) (10.6.3.1.2b )
cc h s kh nng chu ti (DIM) (10.6.3.1.2c)
cc h s kh nng chu ti sa i (DIM) (10.6.3.1.2b)
cc h s kh nng chu ti sa i (DIM) (10.6.3.1.2b)
s m ba SPT c hiu chnh ( ba/ 300mm (10.7.2.3.3)
gi tr trung bnh s m ba SPT hiu chnh ( ba/ 300mm) (10.6.3.1.3b)
h s kh nng chu ti (DIM) (10.6.3.1.2b )
thng s ca (DIM) (10.6.2.3.2 )
h s dnh bm khi b nh tnh cho loe (DIM) (10.8.3.7.2 )
h s kh nng chu ti sa i (DIM) (10.6.3.1.2c)
sc khng SPT hiu chnh theo su ( ba/ 300 mm); s cc khong chia
gia mt t v mt im dimt t 8D (10.6.2.2.3b-1) (10.7.3.4.3c)
s cc khong chia gia im dimt t 8D v mi cc (10.7.3.4.3c)
tc tng m un ca t theo su ( MPa/ mm) (10.7.4.2 )
p lc gii hn thu c t kt qu th nghim nn hng (MPa)
(10.6.3.1.3d )
tng p lc nm ngang su t dng c th nghim nn hng (MPa)
(10.6.3.1.3d )
sc khng b ng ca t c sn trong sut tui th thit k ca kt cu (N)
(10.6.3.3)
sc khng danh nh ca nhm cc ( N) (10.7.3.10.1 )
sc khng ngang ( bn ) danh nh ca cc n ( N) (10.7.3.11)
sc khng bn danh nh ca nhm cc ( N) (10.7.3.11 )
sc khng danh nh( N) (10.6.3.3)
ti trng danh nh do mi cc chu (N) (10.7.3.2 )
sc khng tnh ton (N) (10.6.3.3)

Tiu chun thit k cu

QS
QSbell
Qug
Quet
Qr
q
qc

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

qc1

qc2

ql
qn
qo
qp
qR
qs

=
=
=
=
=
=

qsbell
qu
qutt
q1

=
=
=
=

q2

Ri

r
ro
Sc
Se
SPT
Ss
Su

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

Su

sc, sq, s
sd
T
t

=
=
=
=

td
t1, t2
V
Wg
X
Y
Z

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

411

ti trng danh nh do thn cc chu (N) (10.7.3.2 )

sc khng nh danh nh ca cc khoan c m chn loe (N) (10.8.3.7.2)
sc khng nh danh nh ca mt nhm cc (N) (10.7.3.7.3)
tng sc khng chu ti danh nh (N) (10.7.3.2 )
sc khng ct ti a gia mng v t (N) (10.5.5)
p lc mng tnh tc dng ti 2Db/3 ( MPa) (10.7.2.3.3)
sc khng chu hnh nn tnh (MPa); Sc khng chu hnh nn tnh trung bnh trn
chiu su B di mng tng ng (MPa) (10.6.3.1.3c) (10.7.2.3.3)
sc khng xuyn ca chu hnh nn tnh trung bnh ti thiu trn chiu su yD
di mi cc (MPa) (10.7.3.4.3b)
sc khng xuyn ca chu hnh nn tnh trung bnh ti thiu trn khong cch 8D
bn trn mi cc (MPa) (10.7.3.4.3b)
sc khng u cc gii hn (MPa) (10.7.3.4.2a)
sc khng danh nh (MPa) (10.6.3.1.1)
ng sut thng ng ca din tch chu ti (MPa) (10.6.2.2.5b)
sc khng n v u cc danh nh (MPa) (10.7.3.2)
sc khng tnh ton (MPa) (10.6.3.1.1)
sc khng ct n v (MPa); sc khng ma st n v danh nh (10.6.3.3)
(10.7.3.2)
sc khng nh n v danh nh ca cc khoan chn loe (MPa)(10.8.3.7.2)
cng nn mt trc trung bnh ca li (MPa) (10.7.3.5)
sc khng danh nh (MPa) (10.6.3.1.1)
kh nng chu ti cc hn ca mng do lp t trn chu trong h thng nn c
hai lp, gi thit lp trn dy v hn (MPa) (10.6.3.1.2a )
kh nng chu ti cc hn ca mng o c cng kch thc v hnh dng nh
mng thc, nhng ta ln mt ca lp th hai (di) trong h thng nn hai lp
t (MPa) (10.6.3.1.2a )
h s chit gim tnh ton i vi tc ng nghing ca ti trng (DIM)
(10.6.3.1.3b )
bn knh mng trn hay B/2 mng vung (mm) (10.6.2.2.3d)
tng p lc thng ng ban u ti cao mng (MPa) (10.6.3.1.3d )
ln c kt (mm) (10.6.2.2.3a )
ln n hi (mm) (10.6.2.2.3a )
th nghim xuyn tiu chun (10.5.4. )
ln th cp (mm) (10.6.2.2.3a)
cng khng ct khng thot nc (10.6.3.1.2b)
cng khng ct khng thot nc trung bnh dc theo thn cc (MPa)
(10.7.3.7.3)
cc h s hnh dng (DIM) (10.6.3.1.2b) (10.6.3.1.2c)
khong cch ca cc im gin on (mm) (10.7.3.5)
h s thi gian (DIM) (10.6.2.2.3c)
thi gian ng vi s phn trm cho trc ca ln c kt mt chiu (nm)
(10.6.2.2.3c)
chiu rng ca cc im gin on (mm) (10.7.3.5)
khong thi gian tu chn xc nh xc nh Ss (NM) (10.6.2.2.3c)
thnh phn thng ng ca cc ti trng nghing (N) (10.6.3.1.3b )
trng lng ca khi t, cc cc v b cc (N) , (10.7.3.7.3)
chiu rng ca nhm cc (mm) (10.7.2.3.3)
chiu di ca nhm cc (mm) (10.7.3.7.3)
tng chiu di ca cc chn trong t (mm) (10.7.3.4.3c)

Tiu chun thit k cu

=
=
=
=

m
2

=
=
=
=
=
=

=
=

pc

ep
f
g

=
=
=
=

L
q

=
=

qs

qp

T
u
ug
1
*

=
=
=
=
=

412

su pha di mt t (mm) (10.8.3.4.2)

h s bm dnh p dng cho Su (10.7.3.3.2a)
h s chit gim (DIM) (10.6.2.2.3d)
h s quan h ng sut hu hiu thng ng v ma st n v b mt ca mt cc ng
hay cc khoan nhi (10.7.3.3.2b )
ch s ct thng (DIM) (10.6.3.1.2b)
h s tnh ton hnh dng v cng ca mng
dung trng ca t (kg/ cm3) (10.6.3.10.2b)
gc khng ct gia t v cc () (10.6.3.3)
h s hu hiu ca cc v nhm cc khoan (DIM) (10.7.3.10.2 )
h s kinh nghim quan h p lc t b ng ngang v ma st b mt n v ca mt
cc (10.7.3.3.2c )
h s chit gim i vi ln c kt xt n hiu ng ba chiu (DIM)
(10.6.2.2.3c)
ln ca nhm cc (mm) (10.7.2.3.3)
ng sut thng ng hu hiu cui cng trong t khong su di mng
(MPa) (10.6.2.2.3c)
ng sut thng ng hu hiu ban u trong t khong su di
mng (MPa) (10.6.2.2.3c)
ng sut thng ng hu hiu c sn ln nht trong t
khong su di mng (MPa) (10.6.2.2.3c)
ng sut thng ng hu hiu hin ti trong t khng bao gm ng sut
b sung thm do ti trng mng (MPa) (10.6.2.2.3c)
h s sc khng (10.5.5 )
h s sc khng i vi p lc b ng (10.6.3.3)
gc ni ma st ca t () (10.6.3.3)
h s sc khng i vi kh nng chu lc ca nhm cc xem nh l mt khi bao
gm cc cc v t gia cc cc (10.7.3.11 )
h s sc khng ca nhm cc i vi ti trng ngang (DIM) (10.7.3.11)
h s sc khng i vi kh nng chu ti ca mt cc dng cho cc phng php
khng c s phn bit gia tng sc khng v sc khng thnh phn mi cc v trn
thn cc (10.7.3.2 )
h s sc khng i vi kh nng chu ca thn cc dng cho cc phng php phn
chia sc khng ca cc thnh sc khng mi cc v thn cc (10.7.3.2 )
h s sc khng i vi kh nng chu ca mi cc dng cho cc phng php phn
chia sc khng ca cc thnh sc khng mi cc v thn cc (10.7.3.2 )
h s sc khng ct gia t v mng (10.5.5)
h s sc khng i vi kh nng chu nh ca mt cc n (10.7.3.7.2)
h s sc khng i vi kh nng chu nh ca nhm cc (10.7.3.7.3)
Gc ni ma st hu hiu ca lp t trn cng () (10.6.3.1.2c)
Gc ma st ca t ng vi ng sut hu hiu c chit gim i vi ct xuyn
()(10.6.3.1.2a )

10.4. xc nh tnh cht ca t

Tiu chun thit k cu

413

10.4.1 Nghin cu thm d di t

Nghin cu thm d di t phi c tin hnh cho mi b phn ca kt cu phn di cung cp
cc thng tin cn thit cho thit k v thi cng cc mng. Quy m thm d phi da vo cc iu kin
di mt t, loi kt cu, v cc yu cu ca cng trnh. Chng trnh thm d phi rng pht
hin bn cht v cc dng trm tch t v/hoc cc thnh to gp phi, cc tnh cht cng trnh ca
t v/ hoc , kh nng ho lng v iu kin nc ngm.
Cc l khoan phi c tin hnh ti cc v tr tr v m, phi s lng v chiu su thit lp
c trc dc cc a tng theo chiu dc v ngang mt cch ng tin cy. Cc mu vt liu gp trong
qu trnh khoan phi c ly v bo qun tham kho v/hoc th nghim sau ny. Nht k khoan
phi chi tit xc nh r cc a tng, kt qu SPT, nc ngm, hot ng ca nc ging phun,
nu c, v cc v tr ly mu.
Phi ch c bit n vic pht hin va t mm yu, hp c th nm bin gii cc a tng.
Nu Ch u t yu cu, cc l khoan v cc h th nghim SPT phi c nt li ngn nga nhim
bn ngun nc ngm .
Nghin cu thm d phi c tin hnh n lp vt liu tt c kh nng chu ti thch hp hoc chiu
su ti cc ng sut ph thm do ti trng mng c tnh nh hn 10% ca ng sut t tng ph
hu hiu hin ti, chn gi tr no ln hn. Nu gp gc nng, l khoan cn xuyn vo gc
ti thiu 3000 mm hoc ti su t mng, ly gi tr no ln hn.
Th nghim trong phng hoc ngoi hin trng phi c tin hnh xc nh cng , bin dng
v cc c tnh chy ca t v/hoc v tnh thch hp ca chng cho dng mng c la chn.
10.4.2. Cc th nghim trong phng th nghim

10.4.2.1. Tng qut

Cc th nghim trong phng th nghim phi c tin hnh tng ng vi cc Tiu chun AASHTO
hoc ASTM hoc cc Tiu chun do Ch u t cung cp v c th bao gm cc th nghim sau y
cho t v . Cc th nghim t trong phng th nghim c th bao gm:

10.4.2.2. Cc th nghim t

Hm lng nc- ASTM D4643

Trng lng ring, -AASHTO T100(ASTM D422)

Phn b thnh phn ht - AASHTO T88 (ASTM D4318)

Gii hn do v chy - AASHTO T90 (ASTM D4318)

Ct trc tip - AASHTO T238(ASTM D3080)

Nn n hng - AASHTO T208 (ASTM D2166)

Nn ba trc khng c kt, khng thot nc - ASTM D2850

Nn ba trc c kt, khng thot nc - AASHTO T297 (ASTM D4767)

Nn c kt - AASHTO T216 (ASTM 2435 hoc D4186)

Tiu chun thit k cu

414

Thm AASHTO T215 (ASTM D2434)

10.4.2.3. Cc th nghim
Cc th nghim trong phng th nghim c th bao gm:

Xc nh cc m un n hi - ASTM D3148

Nn ba trc -AASHTO T286 (ASTM D2664)

Nn n hng -ASTM D2938

Th nghim cng ko ch- ASTM D3967

10.4.3. Cc th nghim hin trng

10.4.3.1. Tng qut
Cc th nghim hin trng phi c tin hnh c c cc thng s v cng v bin dng ca
t nn hoc nhm mc ch thit k v/hoc phn tch. Cc th nghim ny phi c tin hnh theo
ng cc tiu chun thch hp c xut bi ASTM hoc AASHTO v c th bao gm cc th
nghim t ti hin trng v ti hin trng.

10.4.3.2. Cc th nghim t hin trng

Cc th nghim hin trng bao gm:

Xuyn tiu chun - AASHTO T206 (ASTM D1586)

Xuyn cn tnh - ASTM D3441

Ct cnh hin trng - AASHTO T223 (ASTM D2573)

Nn ngang - ASTM D4719

Bn ti trng - AASHTO T235 (ASTM D1194)

Th nghim thm - ASTM D4750

10.4.3.3. Cc th nghim hin trng

Cc th nghim hin trng c th bao gm:

Th nghim nn 1 trc hin trng xc nh bin dng v cng phong ho - ASTM D4555

Xc nh cng khng ct trc tip ca c cc vt nt ASTM D4554

M un bin dng ca khi dng phng php th ti bng tm p mm ASTM D4395

M un bin dng ca khi dng th nghim kch hng tm ASTM D4506

M un bin dng ca khi dng phng php th ti bng tm p cng ASTM D4394

Tiu chun thit k cu

Xc nh ng sut v m un bin dng dng phng php kch phng - ASTM D4729

ng sut trong dng phng php ph hoi thy lc - ASTM D4645

415

10.5. cc trng thi gii hn v cc h s sc khng

10.5.1. Tng qut
Cc trng thi gii hn phi c xc nh nh trong iu 1.3.2; phn ny lm sng t cc vn lin
quan n mng.
10.5.2. Trng thi gii hn s dng
Thit k mng theo trng thi gii hn s dng phi bao gm:

Ln,

Chuyn v ngang, v

Sc chu ti c tnh dng p lc chu ti gi nh

Xem xt ln phi da trn tin cy v tnh kinh t.

10.5.3. Trng thi gii hn cng
Thit k mng theo trng thi gii hn cng phi xt n:

Sc khng , loi tr p lc chu ti gi nh,

Mt tip xc qu nhiu,

Trt ti y mng,

Mt ngang,

Mt n nh chung, v

Kh nng chu lc kt cu.

Mng phi c thit k v mt kch thc sao cho sc khng tnh ton khng nh hn tc ng ca ti
trng tnh ton xc nh trong Phn 3.
10.5.4. Trng thi gii hn c bit
Phi thit k nn mng theo trng thi gii hn c bit theo quy nh.
10.5.5. Cc h s sc khng
Phi ly cc h s sc khng i vi cc loi kt cu nn mng khc nhau theo trng thi gii hn
cng c quy nh trong Bng 1 n bng 3, tr phi c sn cc gi tr ring ca khu vc.

416

Tiu chun thit k cu

Khi quy nh s dng mng cc, cc ti liu hp ng phi quy nh yu cu kim tra mc chu
ti ca cc ti hin trng. Vic nh gi ti hin trng c quy nh phi ph hp vi gi tr
ca V ly theo Bng 2.
Phi ly cc h s sc khng theo trng thi gii hn s dng bng 1,0.
Cn xt s chit gim Pn i vi cc cc trong trng hp d tnh s gp kh khn khi ng cc.
Bng 10.5.5-1. Cc h s sc khng theo trng thi gii cng cho cc mng nng

Phng php / t / iu kin

H s sc khng

Ct
- Phng php bn thc nghim dng
s liu SPT
- Phng php bn thc nghim dng
s liu CPT

0,45

0,55

- Phng php hp l
dng f c tnh t s liu

SPT,

0,35

dng f c tnh t s liu

CPT

0,45

St
- Phng php bn thc nghim dng
s liu CPT

0,50

- Phng php hp l
Kh nng chu ti v
p lc b ng

dng sc khng ct o c trong

phng th nghim

0,60

dng sc khng ct o c trong th

nghim ct cnh hin trng

0,60

dng sc khng ct c tnh t s liu

CPT

0,50

- Phng php bn thc nghim, Carter

v Kulhawy (1988)

0,60

Th nghim bn ti trng

0,55

417

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 10.5.5-1 (tip theo)

B tng c sn t trn ct
dng f c tnh t s liu SPT

0,90

dng f c tnh t s liu

0,90

CPT

B tng ti ch trn ct
dng f c tnh t s liu

SPT

0,80

dng f c tnh t s liu

CPT

0,80

Trt trn t st c khng ch bi cng

ca t st khi lc ct ca t st nh hn
0.5 ln ng sut php, v c khng ch bi
ng sut php khi cng khng ct ca t
st ln hn 0.5 ln ng sut php (xem Hnh 1,
c pht trin cho trng hp trong c t
nht 150mm lp vt liu ht m cht di y
mng)

Trt

t st (Khi sc khng ct nh hn 0.5 ln p

lc php tuyn)
dng sc khng ct o c trong phng th
nghim
dng sc khng ct o c trong th
nghim hin trng

0,85

0,85

dng sc khng ct c tnh t s liu CPT

t st (Khi sc khng ct ln hn 0.5 ln p
lc php tuyn)

0,80
0,85

n nh chung

t trn t

1,0

ep

p lc t b ng thnh phn ca sc khng

trt.

0,50

nh gi n nh tng th v sc khng i vi
dng ph hoi su ca cc mng nng t
trn hoc gn sn dc khi cc tnh cht ca
t hoc v mc nc ngm da trn cc
th nghim trong phng hoc hin trng.

0,90

418

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 10.5.5-2 Cc h s sc khng theo trng thi gii hn cng a k thut
cho cc cc chu ti trng dc trc
Phng php/t/iu kin

Ma st b mt: St
Phng php (Tomlinson, 1987)
Phng php (Esrig & Kirby, 1979 v phng
php Nordlund dng cho t dnh)
Phng php (Vijayvergiya & Focht,1972)
Kh nng chu lc
cc hn ca cc
cc n

Sc khng mi cc: st v
St (Skempton, 1951)
(Hip hi a k thut Canada, 1985)
Ma st b mt v chu lc mi cc: Ct
Phng php SPT
Phng php CPT
Phn tch phng trnh sng vi sc khng ng cc
gi nh
Th nghim ti trng

Ph hoi khi
Kh nng chu lc
nh ca cc cc
n

Kh nng chu lc
nh ca nhm cc

H s
sc khng

0,70v
0,50v
0,55v
070v
0,50v

0,45v
0,55v
0,65v
0,80v

St

0,65

Phng php
Phng php
Phng php SPT
Phng php CPT
Th nghim ti trng

0,60
0,40
0,45
0,35
0,45
0,80

Ct
St

0,55
0,55

Phng php

Phng php kim tra vic thi cng cc cc v nh gi kh nng chu ti

ca chng trong v sau khi ng cc vo t s c quy nh trong cc
h s thu.

Gi tr ca V

Cc cch thc ng cc, th d ENR, phng trnh thiu s o sng ng

sut trong qu trnh ng cc.

0,80

th sc chu ti xc nh t phn tch phng trnh sng khi khng o

sng ng sut trong qu trnh ng cc.

0,85

o sng ng sut cho 2% n 5% s cc, dng phng php n gin

kim tra kh nng chu ti, th d phn tch ng cc.

0,90

o sng ng sut cho 2% n 5% s cc, dng phng php n gin

kim tra kh nng chu ti, th d phn tch v th ti trng tnh kim
tra kh nng chu ti.

1,00

o sng ng sut cho 2% n 5% s cc, dng phng php n gin

kim tra kh nng chu ti, th d phn tch khi ng cc v dng phn
tch CAPWAP kim kh nng chu ti.

1,00

o sng ng sut cho 10% n 70% s cc, dng cc phng php n

gin kim tra kh nng chu ti, th d phn tch khi ng cc.

1,00

419

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 10.5.5-3 . Cc h s sc khng ca cc trng thi gii hn cng a k thut

trong cc khoan chu ti trong dc trc
Phng php/t/iu kin

Sc khng thnh bn
trong t st
Sc khng ti mi cc
t st
Sc khng thnh bn
trong ct
Kh nng chu lc
ti hn ca cc
khoan n

Sc khng ti mi cc
trong ct

Sc khng thnh bn
trong
Sc khng ti mi cc
trong

Ph hoi khi

Sc khng thnh bn
v sc khng mi cc
St
St

Kh nng chu lc
nh ca cc khoan
n

Ct

Kh nng chu lc
nh ca nhm cc

Phng php
(Reese & ONeill 1988)
Tng ng sut
(Reese & ONeill 1988)
Touma & Reese (1974)
Meyerhof (1976)
Quiros & Reese (1977)
Reese & Wright (1977)
Reese & ONeill (1988)
Touma & Reese (1974)
Meyrhof (1976)
Quiros & Reese (1977)
Reese & Wright (1977)
Reese & ONeill (1988)
Carter & Kulhawy (1988)
Horvath & Kenney (1979)
Hip hi a k thut
Canada (1985)
Phng php o p lc
(Hip hi a k thut
Canada, 1985)
Th nghim ti trng
Phng php
(Reese & ONeill)
Cc loe
(Reese & ONeill)
Touma & Reese (1974)
Meyrhof (1976)
Quiros & Reese (1977)
Reese & Wright (1977)
Reese & ONeill (1988)
Carter & Kulhawy
Horath & Kenny
Th nghim ti trng
Ct
t st

H s sc khng

0,65
0,55

Xem cp trong
iu 10.8.3.4

Xem cp trong
iu 10.8.3.4

0,55
0,65
0,50
0,50
0,80
0,65
0,55
0,50
Xem cptrong
iu 10.8.3.7

0,45
0,55
0,80
0,55
0,55

10.6. Mng m rng

10.6.1. Xem xt tng qut
10.6.1.1. Tng qut
Cc quy nh trong iu ny phi c ng dng thit k cc mng n, ni thch hp, vi cc
mng lin hp. Phi ch c bit n cc mng trn nn p.
Cc mng phi c thit k gi sao cho p lc di mng cng ng nht cng tt. S phn b
p lc t phi ph hp vi cc tnh cht ca t v kt cu, v vi cc nguyn l c hc t v
c thit lp.

Tiu chun thit k cu

420

10.6.1.2. su
su ca mng phi c xc nh ph hp vi tnh cht vt liu mng v kh nng ph hoi. Cc
mng nhng ni vt dng chy phi c t su di su xi d kin ln nht nh trnh
by trong iu 2.6.4.4.1.
Phi xem xt n vic s dng vi a k thut hay tng lc dng cp phi ht gim kh nng thm
lu trong x b hoc p tr sau m.

10.6.1.3. Neo c
Cc mng c t trn b mt cng, nhn v nghing m khng c ngm cht bng cc vt liu
ph hoc vt liu c sc khng tt phi c neo mt cch hu hiu bng cc bin php neo nh neo
, bu lng , cc cht, kho hoc cc bin php thch hp khc. Phi trnh chm nng cc din tch
mng rng nhng ni yu cu n mn dn .

10.6.1.4. Nc ngm
Mng phi c thit k c tnh n v tr ca mc nc ngm d kin cao nht.
Phi xem xt nh hng ca mc nc ngm i vi kh nng chu lc ca t hay , v ln ca
kt cu. Trong trng hp khi c cc lc thm phi a chng vo cc trong cc phn tch.

10.6.1.5. Lc nng
Khi mng c kh nng chu lc nng, chng phi c nghin cu v c sc khng nh v cng kt
cu ca chng.

Tiu chun thit k cu

421

10.6.1.6. Cc kt cu ln cn
Trong trng hp mng c t gn k vi cc kt cu hin c phi nghin cu nh hng ca cc kt
cu hin c n s lm vic ca mng v nh hng ca mng ln cc kt cu hin c.
10.6.2. Chuyn v v p lc chu ti di trng thi gii hn s dng
10.6.2.1. Tng qut
Phi nghin cu chuyn v ca mng v c ln thng ng v chuyn v ngang ti cc trng thi
gii hn s dng.
chuyn v ngang ca kt cu phi c nh gi khi:

C ti trng nm ngang hoc ti trng nghing,

Mng c t trn mi dc nn p,

C kh nng tn tht lc ca mng do bo mn hay xi, hoc

Tng chu lc nghing r rt.

10.6.2.2. Cc tiu chun chuyn v

10.6.2.2.1. Tng qut
Cc tiu chun chuyn v thng ng v ngang i vi mng phi c pht trin ph hp vi chc
nng v loi kt cu, tui th phc v d kin, v cc hu qu ca cc chuyn v khng cho php i
vi kh nng lm vic ca kt cu.
Cc tiu chun chuyn v chp nhn c phi c thit lp bng cc phng php thc nghim hay
phn tch kt cu, hoc c hai.
10.6.2.2.2. Ti trng
Phi xc nh ln tc thi bng cch s dng cc t hp ti trng s dng c trnh by trong
Bng 3.4.1-1. Phi xc nh ln theo thi gian trong t dnh bng cch ch s dng tnh ti.
ln gy ra bi ti trng ca nn p sau m cu phi c nghin cu.
Trong nhng vng c ng t, phi xem xt kh nng ln ca mng trn ct do rung gy ra bi
ng t.
10.6.2.2.3. Cc phn tch ln

422

Tiu chun thit k cu

10.6.2.2.3a. Tng qut

Phi c tnh ln ca mng bng cch dng cc phn tch bin dng da trn kt qu th nghim
trong phng th nghim hay th nghim ngoi hin trng. Cc thng s v t dng trong cc phn tch
phi c chn phn nh lch s chu ti ca t, trnh t thi cng v nh hng ca phn tng ca
t.
Phi xem xt c tng ln v ln khc nhau, bao gm c cc nh hng ca thi gian.
Tng ln bao gm ln dn hi, c kt, v cc thnh phn ln th cp c th ly bng:
St= Se + Sc + Ss

(10.6.2.2.3a-1)

trong :
Se

ln n hi (mm)

Sc

ln c kt (mm)

Ss

ln th cp (mm)

Cc yu t khc nh hng n ln, chng hn ti trng ca nn p v ti trng ngang hay

lch tm v i vi cc mng trn t dng ht, ti trng rung ng do cc hot ti ng hay ti
trng ng t cng cn c xem xt khi thch hp. S phn b ca ng sut thng ng bn di
cc mng trn (hay vung) v mng ch nht di, ngha l khi L > 5B c th c tnh theo Hnh 1.

Mng di v hn
(a)

Mng vung
(b)

Hnh 10.6.2.2.3a-1- Cc ng ng ng sut thng ng theo BOUSSINES i vi cc

mng lin tc v vung c SOWERS sa i (1979).

423

Tiu chun thit k cu

10.6.2.2.3b. ln ca mng trn nn t khng dnh

C th c tnh ln ca cc mng trn nn t khng dnh bng cc phng php kinh nghim
hay l thuyt n hi.
C th d tnh ln n hi ca cc mng trn nn t khng dnh theo cng thc sau:

Se =

[q (1 - v ) A ]
2

E s z

(10.6.2.2.3b-1)

trong :
q0

cng ti trng (MPa)

din tch mng (mm2)

Es

m un Young ca t ly theo quy nh trong Bng 1 thay cho kt qu th nghim

trong phng (MPa).

h s hnh dng ly theo quy nh ca Bng 2 (DIM)

h s Poisson ly theo quy nh Bng 1 thay cho cc kt qu th nghim trong phng

(DIM)

Tr phi Es thay i ng k theo chiu su, cn xc nh ES su di mng khong 1/2 n

2/3 B. Nu mun ca t thay i ng k theo chiu su, c th dng gi tr trung bnh c trng
s Es.
K hiu sau y c p dng theo Bng 1:
N

sc khng theo xuyn tiu chun ( SPT)

N1

SPT c hiu chnh theo su

Su

cng chng ct khng thot nc (MPa)

qc

sc khng xuyn cn tnh ( MPa).

424

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 10.6.2.2.3b-1- Cc hng s n hi ca cc loi t khc nhau

theo B Hi qun Hoa k (1982) v Bowles (1988).
Phm vi in
hnh ca cc gi
tr

Loi t

M un Young
Es (MPa)
t st:
Mm yu,
Na
cng
cng,
Rt cng
Hong th :
Bn
Ct nh:
Ri xp
Cht va,
Cht
Ct:
Ri xp
Cht va
Cht
Si:
ri xp
Cht va
Cht

0,4 - 0,5
(khng thot
nc)

2,4 - 15
15 - 50

D tnh Es theo N

H s
Poisson, v
(dim)

50 - 100
15 - 60
2 - 20

0,1 - 0,3
0,3 - 0,35

Loi t

Es (MPa)

Bn,bn ct, hn hp t dnh.

Ct nh n trung v ct pha
t bn .
Ct th v ct pha t si.
Si pha ct v si

0,4N1

Si pha ct v si

1,1 N1

0,7N1
1,0N1
1,1N1

c tnh Es theo Su
7,5 - 10
10 - 20
20 - 25

0,25

10 - 25
25 - 50
50 - 75

0,20 - 0,25

25 - 75
75 - 100
100 - 200

0,2- 0,35

0,30 - 0,40

St mm yu.
st 1/2 cng n cng
St rt cng

400 Su - 1000 Su
1.500 Su - 2400 su
3.000 Su - 4000 Su
D tnh Es theo qc

t pha ct

4 qc

0,3- 0,40

Bng 10.6.2.2.3b-2 - Cc h s cng v hnh dng n tnh, EPRI ( 1983)

L/B

Mm, Z
(trung bnh)

Z
Cng

Hnh trn

1,04

1,13

1,06

1,08

1,09

1,10

1,13

1,15

1,22

1,24

10

1.41

1.41

425

Tiu chun thit k cu

10.6.2.2.3c. ln ca mng trn nn t dnh

i vi mng trn nn t dnh cng, c th xc nh ln n hi bng phng trnh
10.6.2.2.3b-1.
i vi mng trn nn t dnh, phi kho st c ln tc thi v ln c kt . i vi t st hu c
do cao, ln th cp c th l ng k v phi xt trong tnh ton.
Nu cc kt qu th nghim trong phng c biu th theo h s rng (e) th c th tnh nh sau
cho ln c kt ca mng trn nn t dnh bo ho hoc gn bo ho:

i vi t qu c kt ban du ( ngha l p > o )

'p
H C
'f
SS =
C cr log ' + C c log '
o
p
(1 + e o )

(10.6.2.2.3c-1)

i vi t c kt thng thng ban u ( ngha l /p = o)

H C
'f
SS =
C
log

'p
(1 + e o )

(10.6.2.2.3c -2)

i vi t cha c kt hon ton ban u (ngha l p < o)

'
H c
f
Sc =
C c log '
(
)
1
e
+
pc
o

(10.6.2.2.3c-3)

Nu cc kt qu th nghim trong phng c biu th theo ng sut thng ng, V, c th ly

ln c kt nh sau:
i vi t c kt cao ban u (ngha l p > o):

'
'p
+ C log f
S c = H c C re log
re
'

'o
p

(10.6.2.2.3c-4)

i vi t c kt thng thng ban u (ngha l p = o):

'
S c = H c C ce log f
'
p

(10.6.2.2.3c-5)

i vi t cha c kt hon ton ban u (ngha l p < o):

'f
S c = H c H ce log '

pc
trong :
Hc
=
=
e0
Ccr
=
Cc
=
=
cce
Cre
=
p
=

(10.6.2.2.3c-6)

chiu cao ca lp t chu nn (mm)

t s rng ti ng sut thng ng hu hiu ban u (DIM)
ch s nn p li, c xc nh theo quy nh ca Hnh 1 (DIM)
ch s nn p , c xc nh theo quy nh ca Hnh 1 (DIM)
t s nn p c xc nh theo quy nh ca Hnh 2 (DIM)
t s nn p li, c xc nh theo quy nh ca Hnh 2 (DIM)
ng sut thng ng ln nht hu hiu tn ti trong t trong khong chiu su
di mng (MPa)

426

Tiu chun thit k cu

ng sut nguyn thu thng ng hu hiu trong t trong khong chiu su di

mng (MPa).

ng sut thng ng cui cng hu hiu trong t trong khong chiu su di

mng (MPa)

pc

ng sut hu hiu thng ng hin c trong t khng bao gm ng sut tng

thm do ti trng mng (MPa)

H s rng e

ng sut thng ng c hiu

(t l Logarit)

Bin dng thng ng Ev

Hnh 10.6.2.2.3c - 1. ng cong nn c kt in hnh i vi nn t qu c kt quan h t s rng vi ng sut thng ng hu hiu EPRI (1983)

ng sut thng ng c hiu, (t l Logarit)

/

Hnh 10.6.2.2.3c - 2. ng cong nn c kt in hnh i vi nn t qu c kt quan h bin dng thng ng vi ng sut thng ng hu hiu EPRI (1983)
Nu b rng mng lin quan t vi chiu dy ca lp t b p, th phi xt nh hng ca ti trng
3 chiu v c th ly nh sau:
Sc (3 - D) = cSc(1-D)
trong :
c

h s chit gim ly theo quy nh ca hnh 3 (DIM)

(10.6.2.2.3c - 7)

427

Tiu chun thit k cu

Sc(1-D) =

ln c kt mt chiu (mm)

H s chit gim, c

H s qu c kt,

p/ / o/

St

Hnh 10.6.2.2.3c - 3. H s chit gim c xt n nh hng

ca ln c kt ba chiu, EPRI (1983).
Thi gian (t) t c mt t l phn trm cho ca tng ln c kt mt chiu d tnh c
th c tnh nh sau:

t=

TH 2d
cv

(10.6.2.2.3c-8)

trong :
T

h s thi gian ly theo quy nh ca Hnh 4 (DIM)

Hd

chiu cao ca ng thot nc di nht trong lp t b nn (mm)

cV

h s c ly t cc kt qu th nghim c kt trong phng ca cc mu t nguyn

dng hoc t vic o ti hin trng bng cc dng c nh qua th p lc hay mi
hnh nn th p lc (mm2/nm)

C th tnh ln th cp ca mng trong t dnh nh sau:

t
S S = C ae H C log 2
t1

(10.8.2.2.3c-9)

trong :
t1

thi im lc bt u c ln th cp, ngha l in hnh thi im tng ng vi

90 phn trm ca c kt trung bnh (Nm)

t2

thi gian tu c th biu th thi k s dng ca kt cu (Nm)

Cae

h s c tnh t cc kt qu th nghim c kt trong phng ca cc mu t nguyn

dng (DIM).

428

Tiu chun thit k cu

S phn trm ca c kt, U

H s thi gian, T

Ban u

Hnh 10.6.2.2.3c-4. S phn trm ca c kt l hm s ca h s thi gian, T, EPRI (1983)

10.6.2.2.3d. Ln ca mng trn nn
i vi cc mng trn nn chc c thit k theo iu 10.6.3.2.2 ni chung, c th gi
thit ln n hi t hn 15mm. Khi xt thy ln n hi c i lng nh vy l khng th
chp nhn hay khng chc th phi phn tch ln trn c s cc c tnh ca khi khi
b v hay nt thnh mng v khng tho mn tiu chun l chc th phi xt trong phn tch
ln v nh hng ca loi , trng thi khng lin tc v mc phong ho.
ln n hi ca mng trn b v hay nt thnh mng c th c tnh nh sau:

i vi mng trn ( hay vung):

= q0 1 v2

) Erl

(10.6.2.2.3d-1)

trong :
p =

( )

(10.6.2.2.3d-2)

i vi mng ch nht

= q0 1 v2

) BlE

(10.6.2.2.3d-3)

trong :

L

B
Ip =
z

1/ 2

(10.6.2.2.3d-4)

429

Tiu chun thit k cu

trong :
qo

ng sut thng ng y ca din tch chu ti (MPa)

h s Poisson (DIM)

bn knh ca mng trn hay

Ip

h s nh hng xt n cng v kch thc ca mng (DIM).

Em

m un ca nn (MPa).

h s xt n hnh dng v cng ca mng (DIM)

B
ca mng vung (mm).
2

i vi cc mng cng c th tnh cc ga tr Ip bng cch dng gi tr z cho trong bng

10.6.2.2.3b-2. Nu khng c cc kt qu th nghim trong phng th h s Poisson v i vi cc
loi in hnh c th ly theo quy nh trong Bng 1. Khi xc nh mun nn Em, cn da
trn kt qu ca th nghim trong phng v ti hin trng. Nu khng c, c th c tnh cc gi
tr ca Em bng cch nhn m un Eo ca nguyn dng ly t kt qu th nghim nn mt trc
vi mt h s chit gim E c xt n tn s xut hin tnh cht t qung, biu th qua ch s xc
nh cht lng (RQD) vi quan h sau (Gardner 1987):
Em= EEo

(10.6.2.2.3d-5)

E = 0,0231(RQD) 1,32 0,15

(10.6.2.2.3d-6)

trong :

Khi thit k s b hay khng th c s liu th nghim ti hin trng c th, c th s dng cc
gi tr c tnh ca Eo theo Bng 2. Khi phn tch s b hay thit k cui cng m khng c cc kt
qu th nghim hin trng, cn dng gi tr E = 0,15 tnh Em
i lng o ln c kt v ln th cp trong nn c gn kt bng vt liu dnh yu hay vt liu
khc c cc c trng ln ph thuc thi gian, c th c c tnh bng cch p dng cc phng
php quy nh theo iu 10.6.2.2.3c

430

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 10.6.2.2.3d-1- Tng hp h s Poisson i vi nguyn dng c

iu chnh theo KULHAWY (1978)

Loi
Granit
Gabro
Diaba
Bazan
Thch anh
mc n
G nai
xt
Ct kt
Bt kt
Phin thch
vi
olomit

S cc
gi tr

S cc
loi

Ln nht

22
3
6
11
6
5
11
12
12
3
3
19
5

22
3
6
11
6
5
11
11
9
3
3
19
5

0,39
0,20
0,38
0,32
0,22
0,40
0,40
0,31
0,46
0,23
0,18
0,33
0,35

H s Poisson v
Trung
Nh nht
bnh
0,09
0,16
0,20
0,16
0,08
0,17
0,09
0,02
0,08
0,09
0,03
0,12
0,14

lch tiu
chun

0,20
0,18
0,29
0,23
0,14
0,28
0,22
0,12
0,20
0,18
0,09
0,23
0,29

0,08
0,02
0,06
0,05
0,05
0,08
0,09
0,08
0,11
0,06
0,06
0,06
0,08

Bng 10.6.2.2.3d-2- Tng hp m un n hi ca nguyn dng

c iu chnh theo KULHAWY (1978)

Loi
Granit
Diorit
Gabro
Diaba
Bazan
Thch anh
mc n
G nai
phin
xt
Filit
Ct kt
Bt kt
Phin thch
vi
olomit

S cc
gi tr
26
3
3
7
12
7
14
13
11
13
3
27
5
30
30
17

S cc
loi
26
3
3
7
12
7
13
13
2
12
3
19
5
14
30
16

Ln nht
100
112
84,1
104
84,1
88,3
73,8
82,1
26,1
69,0
17,3
39,2
32,8
38,6
89,6
78,6

H s Poisson V
Trung
Nh nht
bnh
6,41
52,7
17,1
51,4
67,6
75,8
69,0
88,3
29,0
56,1
36,5
66,1
4,00
42,6
28,5
61,1
2,41
9,58
5,93
34,3
8,62
11,8
0,62
14,7
2,62
16,5
0,007
9,79
4,48
39,3
5,72
29,1

lch tiu
chun
3,55
6,19
0,97
1,78
2,60
2,32
2,49
2,31
0,96
3,18
0,57
1,19
1,65
1,45
3,73
3,44

10.6.2.2.4. Mt n nh tng th
Phi nghin cu n nh tng th trng thi gii hn s dng bng cch p dng cc quy nh
ca iu 3.4.1

431

Tiu chun thit k cu

10.6.2.3. p lc chu ti trng thi gii hn s dng

10.6.2.3.1. Cc gi tr gi nh cho p lc chu ti
Vic s dng gi tr gi nh phi c da trn nhng hiu bit v iu kin a cht ti hoc gn
v tr cu.
10.6.2.3.2. Cc phng php na thc nghim dng xc nh p lc chu ti
p lc chu ti ca c th c xc nh bng cch dng cc quan h thc nghim vi RQD hoc
H thng nh gi khi theo a c hc, RMR, hoc H thng phn loi khi ca Vin a k
thut Nauy, NGI. Kinh nghim a phng c th c xem xt khi dng cc phng php na thc
nghim ny.
Nu gi tr nn dng ca p lc chu ti cho php vt qu cng khng nn n hng hoc ng sut
cho php i vi b tng, p lc chu ti cho php phi c ly theo gi tr nh hn ca cng
khng nn n hng ca , hoc ng sut cho php i vi b tng. ng sut cho php i vi b
tng c th ly bng 0.3 fc.
10.6.3. Sc khng trng thi gii hn cng
10.6.3.1. Sc khng ca t di y mng
10.6.3.1.1. Tng qut
Sc khng phi c xc nh da trn v tr mc nc ngm d kin cao nht ti v tr y mng.
Sc khng tnh ton, qR trng thi gii hn cng phi c ly nh sau:
qR = qn = qult

(10.6.3.1.1-1)

y:

h s sc khng c xc nh trong iu 10.5.4

qn = qult

sc khng danh nh (MPa)

Khi ti trng lch tm, kch thc mng hu hiu L v B c xc nh theo iu 10.6.3.1.5 phi
c dng thay th cho kch thc ton b L v B trong tt c cc phng trnh, bng v cc hnh v
lin quan n kh nng chu ti.
10.6.3.1.2. c tnh l thuyt
10.6.3.1.2a. Tng qut
Sc khng danh nh c xc nh bng cch dng cc l thuyt c hc t c chp nhn da
trn cc thng s o c ca t. Cc thng s ca t c dng trong phn tch phi i din cho
cng khng ct ca t di cc iu kin ti trng v di mt t ang xem xt.

432

Tiu chun thit k cu

Sc khng danh nh ca mng trn t khng dnh phi c nh gi bng cch dng cc phn
tch ng sut hu hiu v cc thng s cng khng ct ca t thot nc.
Sc khng danh nh ca mng trn t dnh phi c nh gi vi cc phn tch ng sut tng
v cc thng s cng ca t khng thot nc. Trong cc trng hp khi t dnh c th b mm
ho v mt cng theo thi gian, sc khng ca cc t ny cng phi c nh gi i vi cc
iu kin cht ti thng xuyn, dng cc phn tch ng sut hu hiu v cc thng s cng ca t
c thot nc.
i vi mng trn t m cht, sc khng danh nh phi c c tnh bng cc phn tch tng
ng sut hoc ng sut hu hiu, ci no nguy him hn.
Khi cn thit, xc nh sc khng danh nh ca t dnh, nh t st v t m cht bng cc
phn tch ng sut hu hiu, nn p dng phng trnh 10.6.3.1.2c.1
Nu c kh nng b h hng do ct cc b hay ct thng, c th c tnh kh nng chu ti danh
nh bng cch s dng cc thng s v cng chu ct c chit gim c* v * trong phng
trnh 10.6.3.1.2b - 1 v 10.6.3.1.2c - 1. Cc thng s chu ct chit gim c th ly nh sau:
c* = 0,67c

(10.6.3.1.2a-1)

* = tan-1 (0,67 tan )

(10.6.3.1.2a-2)

trong :
c*

dnh ca t vi ng sut hu hiu c chit gim khi chu ct thng (MPa)

gc ma st ca t vi ng sut hu hiu c chit gim khi chu ct thng ()

Khi a tng cha lp t th hai c cc c trng khc c nh hng n cng chng ct

trong phm vi mt khong cch di mng t hn HCRIT phi xc nh kh nng chu ti nn t
theo quy nh y cho nn t c 2 lp t. C th ly khong cch HCRIT nh sau:
q
3B ln 1
q2
H CRIT =
B
2 1 +
L

(10.6.3.1.2a-3)

trong :
q1

kh nng chu ti ti hn ca mng c chng bi lp trn ca h 2 lp vi gi

thit lp trn c chiu dy v hn. (MPa)

q2

kh nng chu ti ti hn ca mng o c cng kch thc v hnh dng nh mng

thc nhng c ta ln b mt ca lp th hai ( lp di) trong h hai lp (MPa)

b rng mng (mm)

chiu di mng (mm)

433

Tiu chun thit k cu

Cn ht sc trnh dng cc mng c y mng nghing. Nu khng trnh khi phi dng y
mng nghing th kh nng chu ti danh nh c xc nh theo cc quy nh y phi c
chit gim tip bng phng php hiu chnh c chp nhn trong iu kin y mng nghing
ca ti li tham kho sn c .
10.6.3.1.2b. t st bo ho
Sc khng danh nh ca t st bo ho (MPa) c xc nh t cng khng ct khng thot
nc c th ly nh:
qult =

c Ncm + g DfNqm10-9

(10.6.3.1.2b-1)

y:
c = Su

= cng khng ct khng thot nc (MPa)

Ncm, Nqm

= cc h s sa i kh nng chu lc hm ca hnh dng mng, chiu su chn mng,

nn ca t v nghing ca ti trng (DIM)

= dung trng ca t st (kg/m3)

Df

= chiu su chn tnh n y mng (mm)

C th tnh cc h s kh nng chu ti Ncm v Nqm nh sau:

i vi Df/B 2,5; B/L 1 v H/V 0,4

N cm = N c [1 + 0,2(D f / B )].[1 + 0,2(B / L )].[1 1,3(H / V )]

i vi Df /B> 2,5 v H/V 0,4

N cm = N c [1 + 0,2(B / L )].[1 1,3(H / V )]

Nc

Nqm

(10.6.3.1.2.b - 2)

5,0 dng cho phng trnh 2 trn nn t tng i bng

7,5 dng cho phng trnh 3 trn nn t tng i bng

Ncq theo hnh 1 i vi mng trn hoc lin k mi dc.

1,0 cho t st bo ho v nn t tng i bng

0,0 cho mng trn hoc lin k mi t dc

(10.6.3.1.2.b - 3)

Trong hnh 1 phi ly s n nh Ns nh sau:

i vi B < Hs
Ns = 0

(10.6.3.1.2b - 4)

Ns = [g Hs/c] x 10-9

(10.6.3.1.2b - 5)

i vi B Hs

trong :
B

chiu rng mng (mm)

chiu di mng (mm)

434

Tiu chun thit k cu

Khi mng t ln nn t dnh 2 lp theo ch chu ti khng thot nc, c th xc nh kh

nng chu ti danh nh theo phng trnh 1 vi cc gii thch nh sau:
c1
Ncm
Nqm

=
=
=

cng ct khng thot nc ca lp t trn nh c cho trong hnh 2 (MPa)

Nm, l h s kh nng chu ti theo quy nh di y (DIM)
1,0 (DIM)

Khi a tng nm trn mt lp t dnh rn hn, c th ly Nm theo quy nh ca hnh 3

Khi a tng nm trn mt lp dnh mm yu hn, c th ly Nm nh sau:
1

+ ks c N c s c N c
m

(10.6.3.1.2b-6)

BL
2 (B + L )H s 2 )

(10.6.3.1.2b-7)

Nm =

trong :

m =
k
c1
c2
HS2
sc

=
=
=
=
=

c1/c2
cng chu ct ca lp t trn (MPa)
cng chu ct ca lp t di (MPa)
khong cch t y mng n nh ca lp th hai (mm)
1.0. i vi cc mng lin tc.

1+

=
=

h s kh nng chu ti c th c xc nh y(DIM)

h s sc khng c xc nh y

B N qm

dng cho mng ch nht vi L < 5B

L N c

(10.6.3.1.2b-8)

y:
Nc
Nqm

Khi nn t dnh hai lp theo ch t ti thot nc th phi xc nh kh nng chu ti danh

nh theo phng trnh 10.6.3.1.2c-4.
H
HS
V

=
=
=

ti trng ngang khng c h s (N)

chiu cao ca khi t dc (mm)
ti trng thng ng cha nhn h s (N)

H s kh nng chu ti

C h i u c a o / c h i u
C h i
/ h i

r n g

m n g

H s n n h
m i d c N s

d c

c a

d c
C h i u

c a o / c h i u

r n g

m n g

H s kh nng chu ti

H s n n h
m i d c N s

ly

m n g

tn h t m p d c b /B ( i v i H
h o c b /H ( i v i N s = 0 )

c a

0 )

Hnh 10.6.3.1.2b - 1- Cc h s kh nng chu ti c ci tin dng cho cc mng trong t

dnh v trn nn t dc hoc k gip nn t dc theo MEYERHOF (1957).

435

Tiu chun thit k cu

Lp yu
Lp cng

Lp cng

Lp yu

Hnh 10.6.3.1.2b-2- a tng hai lp.

436

Tiu chun thit k cu

H s kh nng chu ti iu chnh,

(di)
(vung hoc trn)

T l cng khng thot nc

Hnh 10.6.3.1.2b-3- H s kh nng chu ti c iu chnh cho nn t dnh

hai lp vi lp t yu hn nm trn lp cng hn. EPRI (1983).
10.6.3.1.2c. t ri
Sc khng danh nh ca t ri, nh t ct hoc si cui (MPa) c th ly nh:
Qult = 0,5 g BCw1 N m x 10-9 + g Cw2 Df Nqm x 10-9

(10.6.3.1.2c-1)

y:
Df

chiu su mng (mm)

dung trng ca t ct hoc si cui (kg/m3)

chiu rng mng (mm)

CW1, CW2

cc h s ly theo Bng 1 nh l hm ca DW (DIM)

DW

chiu su n mc nc tnh t mt t (mm)

Nm

h s sc khng c iu chnh (DIM)

Bng 10.6.3.1.2c-1- Cc h s Cw1, Cw2 cho cc chiu su nc ngm khc nhau

Dw

Cw1

Cw2

0,0

0,5

0,5

Df

0,5

1,0

> 1,5B + Df

1,0

1,0

i vi cc v tr trung gian ca mc nc ngm, cc gi tr CW1 , CW2 c th xc nh bng cch ni suy

gia cc gi tr c xc nh trong Bng 1.
C th ly cc h s kh nng chu ti Nm, v Nqm nh sau:

437

Tiu chun thit k cu

N m = N s c i

(10.6.3.1.2c-2)

Nqm = Nqsqcqiqdq

(10.6.3.1 .2c-3)

trong :
Nqm

h s kh nng chu ti theo quy nh trong Bng 2 i vi mng trn nn t tng

i bng (DIM)

theo quy nh trong Hnh 1 i vi mng trn nn dc hay k gip nn dc (DIM)

Nq

h s kh nng chu ti theo quy nh ca Bng 2 i vi nn t tng i bng

(DIM)

0.0 i vi mng trn nn t dc hay k gip nn t dc (DIM)

sq , s

cc h s hnh dng c quy nh trong cc Bng 3 v 4 tng ng (DIM)

cq , c

cc h s p ln ca t c quy nh trong Bng 5 v 6 (DIM)

iq , i

cc h s xt nghing ca ti trng c quy nh trong Bng 7 &8 (DIM)

dq

h s su c quy nh trong Bng 9 (DIM)

Phi p dng cc iu gii thch sau:

Trong cc Bng 5 & 6, phi ly q bng ng sut thng ng ban u hu hiu ti su chn
mng, ngha l ng sut thng ng y mng trc khi o, c hiu chnh i vi p lc
nc.

Trong cc Bng 7 v 8, phi ly H v V l ti trng nm ngang v thng ng cha nhn h s.

Trong Bng 9, phi ly gi tr ca dq trong trng hp t nm trn y mng cng tt nh t

di y mng. Nu t yu hn, dng dq = 1,0.
Bng 10.6.3.1.2c-2 - Cc h s kh nng chu ti N v Nq i vi
mng trn nn t khng dnh (BARKER v ngi khc 1991)
Gc ma st
( f) ( )

Nq

28

17

15

30

22

18

32

30

23

34

41

29

36

58

38

38

78

49

40

110

64

42

155

85

44

225

115

46

330

160

438

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 10.6.3.1.2c-3- Cc h s hnh dng Sq cho mng trn t

khng dnh (Barker v ngi khc 1991 )
Gc ma
st (f)
()

L/B = 1

28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46

1,53
1,58
1,62
1,67
173
1,78
1,84
1,90
1,96
2,03

sq
(dim)
L/B = 2
L/B = 5
1,27
1,29
1,31
1,34
1,36
1,39
1,42
1,45
1,48
1,52

L/B = 10

1,11
1,11
1,12
1,13
1,14
1,16
1,17
1,18
1,19
1,21

1,05
1,06
1,06
1,07
1,07
1,08
1,08
1,09
1,10
1,10

Bng 10.6.3.1.2c-4- H s hnh dng s cho mng trn t khng dnh

(Barker v ngi khc1991)
B/L

s (dim)

0,60

0,80

0,92

10

0,96

Bng 10.6.3.1.2c - 5- Cc h s p ln ca t C v Cq cho mng vung trn t

khng dnh (BARKER v ngi khc 1991)
cht
tng i
Dr (%)

Gc ma
st (f)
()

q = 0,024
MPa

20
30
40
50
60
70
80
100

28
32
35
37
40
42
45
50

1,00
1,00
1,00
1,00
1,00
0,96
0,79
0,52

c = cq
q = 0,048
q = 0,096
MPa
MPa
1,00
1,00
0,97
0,96
0,86
0,80
0,66
0,42

0,92
0,85
0,82
0,81
0,72
0,66
0,54
0,35

q = 0,192
MPa
0,89
0,77
0,75
0,73
0,65
0,60
0,48
0,31

439

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 10.6.3.1.2c- 6- Cc h s p ln ca t c v cq cho cc mng bng trn

t khng dnh (Barker v ngi khc 1991)
cht
tng i
Dr (%)

Gc ma st
(f) ()

q = 0,024
MPa

q = 0,048
MPa

q = 0,096
MPa

q = 0,192
MPa

20
30
40
50
60
70
80
100

28
32
35
37
40
42
45
50

0,85
0,80
0,76
0,73
0,62
0,56
0,44
0,25

0,75
0,68
0,64
0,61
0,52
0,47
0,36
0,21

0,65
0,58
0,54
0,52
0,43
0,39
0,30
0,17

0,60
0,53
0,49
0,47
0,39
0,35
0,27
0,15

c = cq ( dim)

Bng 16.6.3.1.2c -7- Cc h s xt nghing ca ti trng i v iq cho cc ti trng

nghing theo chiu b rng mng (Bark v ngi khc1991)
H/V

0,0
0,10
0,15
0,20
0,25
0,30
0,35
0,40
0,45
0,50
0,55
0,60
0,65
0,07

Bng
1,00
0,73
0,61
0,51
0,42
0,34
0,27
0,22
0,17
0,13
0,09
0,06
0,04
0,03

i
(dim)
L/B = 2
1,00
0,76
0,65
0,55
0,46
0,39
0,32
0,26
0,20
0,16
0,12
0,09
0,06
0,04

iq
(dim)
Vung
1,00
0,77
0,67
0,57
0,49
0,41
0,34
0,26
0,22
0,18
0,14
0,10
0,07
0,05

Bng
1,00
0,81
0,72
0,64
0,56
0,49
0,42
0,36
0,30
0,25
0,20
0,16
0,12
0,09

L/B = 2
1,00
0,84
0,76
0,69
0,62
0,55
0,49
0,43
0,37
0,31
0,26
0,22
0,17
0,13

Vung
1,00
0,85
0,78
0,72
0,65
0,59
0,52
0,46
0,41
0,35
0,30
0,25
0,21
0,16

440

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 10.6.3.1.2c- 8- Cc h s xt nghing ca ti trng i v iq cho cc ti trng nghing

theo chiu b rng ca mng (BARKER v ngi khc 1991 )
H/V

iq
(dim)

i
(dim)

0,0
0,10
0,15
0,20
0,25
0,30
0,35
0,40
0,45
0,50
0,55
0,60
0,65
0,07

Bng

L/B = 2

Vung

Bng

L/B = 2

Vung

1,00
0,81
0,72
0,64
0,56
0,49
0,42
0,36
0,30
0,25
0,20
0,16
0,12
0,09

1,00
0,78
0,68
0,59
0,51
0,44
0,37
0,30
0,25
0,20
0,16
0,12
0,09
0,06

1,00
0,77
0,67
0,57
0,49
0,41
0,34
0,28
0,22
0,18
0,14
0,10
0,07
0,05

1,00
0,90
0,85
0,80
0,75
0,70
0,65
0,60
0,55
0,50
0,45
0,40
0,35
0,03

1,00
0,87
0,81
0,74
0,68
0,62
0,56
0,51
0,45
0,40
0,34
0,29
0,25
0,02

1,00
0,85
0,78
0,72
0,65
0,59
0,52
0,46
0,41
0,35
0,30
0,25
0,21
0,16

Bng 10.6.3.1.2c- 9- H s su dq cho loi t khng dnh (Barker v ngi khc 1991)
Df/B
(dim)
1
2
4
8
1
2
4
8
1
2
4
8

Gc ma st f
32

37

42

dq
(dim)
1,20
1,30
1,35
1,40
1,20
1,25
1,30
1,35
1,15
1,20
1,25
1,30

Khi mng t ln h t dnh hai lp chu ti trng khng thot nc, c th ly kh nng chu ti
nh sau:

q ult

2 1+ K tan 1 B 1 '

1
c 1 cot 1'
= q 2 + c 1' cot 1' e L
K
K

'

(10.8.3.1.2c-4)

trong :

K=

1 sin 2 'f
1 + sin 2 1'

(10.6.3.1.2c-5)

441

Tiu chun thit k cu

trong :
c1

cng chu ct khng thot nc ca lp t trn cng ly theo hnh 3 (MPa)

q2

kh nng chu ti cc hn ca mng o c cng kch thc v hnh dng ca mng c

nhng ta ln b mt ca lp th hai (nm di) ca nn c hai lp (MPa)

1'

gc ni ma st tai ng sut hu hiu ca lp t trn cng ()

Chiu di/ chiu rng mng
Df/B = 0
Df/B = 1
Ni suy tuyn tnh cho cc
chiu su trung gian

H s kh nng chu ti Nrq

Gc ma st ni c hiu

nghing ca dc

Chiu di/ chiu rng mng

Df/B = 0
Df/B = 1
Ni suy tuyn tnh cho cc
chiu su trung gian

H s kh nng chu ti Nrq

Gc ma st ni c hiu

C ly mng tnh t mng dc b/B

Hnh 10.8.3.1.2c-1- Cc h s kh nng chu ti c iu chnh cho loi mng trong

t khng dnh v trn nn t dc hay lin k nn t dc theo Mfyerhof(1957)
10.6.3.1.3. Cc phng php bn thc nghim
10.6.3.1.3a . Tng qut
Sc khng danh nh ca cc t mng c th c c tnh t cc kt qu th nghim hin trng
hoc bng sc khng quan st c ca cc t tng t. Vic s dng th nghim hin trng ring l
v ni suy cc kt qu th nghim phi xem xt n cc iu kin a phng. Cc th nghim sau y
c th c dng:

442

Tiu chun thit k cu

Th nghim xuyn tiu chun (SPT)

Th nghim xuyn hnh nn CPT, v

Th nghim o p lc

10.6.3.1.3b. Dng SPT

Sc khng danh nh trong ct (MPa) da trn cc kt qu SPT c th ly nh:
D

qult = 3,2 x 10-5 N corr B C w1 + C w 2 f R i

B

(10.6.3.1.3b-1)

y:
N corr

gi tr s ba trung bnh SPT hiu chnh trong gii hn chiu su t y mng n

1.5B di y mng (Ba/300mm)

chiu rng mng (mm)

CW1,CW2 =

h s hiu chnh khng th nguyn xt n nh hng ca nc ngm, nh c xc

nh trong Bng 10.6.3.1.2c-1

Df

chiu su chn mng ly n mng (mm)

Ri

h s chit gim khng th nguyn tnh n nh hng ca nghing ca ti trng

c cho trong cc Bng 1 v 2 (DIM)

ti trng ngang cha nhn h s xc nh h s H/V trong Bng 1 v 2 (N) hoc

(N/mm)

ti trng ng cha nhn h s xc nh t l H/V trong Bng 1 v 2 (N) hoc

(N/mm)
Bng 10.6.3.1.3b-1- H s nghing ti trng, Ri, cho mng vung
H/V

H s nghing ti trng, Ri
Dt/B = 0

Dt/B = 1

Dt/B = 5

0,0

1,00

1,00

1,00

0,10

0,75

0,80

0,85

0,15

0,65

0,75

0,80

0,20

0,55

0,65

0,70

0,25

0,50

0,55

0,65

0,30

0,40

0,50

0,55

0,35

0,35

0,45

0,50

0,40

0,30

0,35

0,45

0,45

0,25

0,30

0,40

0,50

0,20

0,25

0,30

0,55

0,15

0,20

0,25

0,60

0,10

0,15

0,20

0,50

0,20

0,25

0,30

0,55

0,15

0,20

0,25

0,60

0,10

0,15

0,20

443

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 10.6.3.1.3b-2 - H s nghing ti trng, Ri cho mng hnh ch nht

H/V

H s nghing ti trng, Ri
Ti trng nghing theo chiu rng
Dt/B = 0
Dt/B = 1
Dt/B = 5

0,0

1,00

1,00

1,00

0,10

0,70

0,75

0,80

0,15

0,60

0,65

0,70

0,20

0,50

0,60

0,65

0,25

0,40

0,50

0,55

0,30

0,35

0,40

0,50

0,35

0,30

0,35

0,40

0,40

0,25

0,30

0,35

0,45

0,20

0,25

0,30

0,50

0,15

0,20

0,25

0,55

0,10

0,15

0,20

0,60

0,05

0,10

0,15

H s nghing ti trng, Ri
Ti trng nghing theo chiu di

H/V

Dt/B = 0

Dt/B = 1

Dt/B = 5

0,0

1,00

1,00

1,00

0,10

0,80

0,85

0,90

0,15

0,70

0,80

0,85

0,20

0,65

0,70

0,75

0,25

0,55

0,65

0,70

0,30

0,50

0,60

0,65

0,35

0,40

0,55

0,60

0,40

0,35

0,50

0,55

0,45

0,30

0,45

0,50

0,50

0,25

0,35

0,45

0,55

0,20

0,30

0,40

0,60

0,15

0,25

0,35

10.6.3.1.3c. Dng CPT

Sc khng un danh nh (MPa) i vi cc mng t trn ct hoc si, cn c vo kt qu CPT c th
tnh nh sau:

qult = 8,2 x 10-5 qcB C w1 + C w 2

Df
B

R i

(10.6.3.13c-1)

trong :
qc

sc khng chy hnh nn trung bnh trn ton b chiu su B di mng (MPa)

chiu rng mng

Df

chiu su chn mng tnh ti y ca mng (mm)

Ri

h s iu chnh nghing ti trng theo quy nh Bng 10.6.3.13b-1

CW1,CW2 =

h s hiu chnh nh hng ca nc ngm, nh quy nh trong Bng 10.6.31.2c-1 (DIM)

10.6.3.1.3d. Dng kt qu o p lc

444

Tiu chun thit k cu

Sc khng danh nh ca t nn (MPa) c xc nh t kt qu ca th nghim o p lc c th

tnh nh sau:
qult= [ro + k (pL + po)] Rt

(10.6.3.1.3d-1)

trong :
ro

tng p lc thng ng ban u ti y mng (MPa)

h s kh nng chu ti thc nghim ly t Hnh 1

pL

gi tr trung bnh ca p lc gii hn c c t kt qu th nghim o p lc trong khong

su 1.,5 B trn v di mng (MPa)

po

tng p lc ngang ti chiu su th nghim o p lc (MPa)

Rt

h s chit gim nghing ti trng cho trong Bng 10.6.3.1.3b-1 v 10.6.3.1.3b-2 (DIM)

Nu nh gi tr ca pL thay i ng k trong khong su 1.5B trn v di mng cn phi s

dng k thut ly trung bnh c bit

H s s dng, k

Mng
vung
B/L = 0

Mng di
B/L=0

H s su, Df /B

445

Tiu chun thit k cu

Loi t
St

st hoc
t trng

(PL-Po) (MPa)

Cp

Yu n rt cht

< 1,1

Cng

0,77- 3,8

Ct v

Ri

0,38 0,77

Si cui

Rt cht

2,9 5,8

Bn

Ri n trung bnh

< 0,67

Cht

1,1 2,9

Cng rt thp

0,96-2,9

Cng thp

2,9 - 5,8

Cng trung
bnh n cao

5,7-9,6+

Hnh 10.6.3.1.3d-1- Gi tr ca h s kh nng chu ti thc nghim k

(theo Hi a k thut Canaa (1985)
10.6.3.1.4. Th nghim tm p
Sc khng danh nh c th c xc nh bng th nghim tm p c quy nh trong iu
10.4.3.2, phi thc hin kho st thm d di mt t chnh xc xc nh tnh cht ca t di
mng. Sc khng danh nh c xc nh t th nghim ti trng c th c ngoi suy t cc
mng gn k ni c tnh cht t tng t. nh hng ca lch tm ti trng
Khi ti trng lch tm i vi trng tm ca mng, phi dng din tch hu hiu chit gim, B x L
nm trong gii hn ca mng trong thit k a k thut cho ln hoc sc khng . p lc chu ti
thit k trn din tch hu hiu phi c gi nh l u. Din tch hu hiu chit gim phi l ng
tm vi ti trng.
Cc kch thc chit gim dng cho mng ch nht chu ti trng lch tm c th ly nh:
B = B - 2eB

(10.6.3.1.5-1)

L = L- 2eL

(10.6.3.1.5-2)

y:
eB

lch tm song song vi kch thc B (mm)

eL

lch tm song song vi kch thc L (mm)

Cc mng di cc ti trng lch tm phi thit k nhm bo m:

Sc khng tnh ton khng nh hn cc hiu ng ca cc ti trng tnh ton.

Tiu chun thit k cu

446

i vi mng t trn t, lch tm ca mng c c tnh da trn cc ti trng tnh ton, nh

hn 1/4 ca kch thc mng tng ng, B hoc L.

i vi thit k kt cu mng chu ti trng lch tm, phi s dng phn b p lc tip xc hnh thang
hoc hnh tam gic da trn cc ti trng tnh ton.
i vi mng khng phi l hnh ch nht, cn dng cc phng php tng t da trn cc nguyn tc
c xc nh trn.

10.6.3.2. Sc khng ca
10.6.3.2.1. Tng qut
Cc phng php dng thit k cc mng t trn cn c xem xt s hin trng, hng v iu
kin cc vt nt, cc mt ct phong ho v cc mt ct tng t khc khi ng dng cho cc v tr c th.
i vi cc mng t trn tt, tin cy i vi cc phn tch n gin v trc tip da trn cng
nn mt trc ca v RQD c th c ng dng. tt c nh ngha nh l mt khi vi
cc vt nt khng rng hn 3.2 mm. i vi mng t trn km hn, cc kho st iu tra v phn
tch chi tit hn phi c thc hin xt n nh hng ca phong ho v s hin hu cng nh iu
kin ca cc vt nt.
10.6.3.2.2. Cc phng php na thc nghim
Sc khng danh nh ca c th c xc nh bng cch dng cc quan h thc nghim vi H
thng nh gi khi a c RMR hoc Vin a k thut ca Nauy, NGI, H thngphn loi khi .
Cc kinh nghim i phng phi c xem xt khi s dng cc phng php na thc nghim.
p lc chu ti tnh ton ca mng khng c ly ln hn cng chu ti tnh ton ca b tng
mng.
10.6.3.2.3. Phng php phn tch
Sc khng danh nh ca mng trn phi c xc nh bng cch s dng cc nguyn l c hc
c thit lp da trn cc thng s cng khi . nh hng cu cc vt nt n dng ph
hoi cng phi c xem xt.
10.6.3.2.4. Th ti
Khi thch hp, cc th nghim th ti phi c thc hin xc nh sc khng danh nh ca cc
mng t trn .
10.6.3.2.5. Cc gii hn ca lch tm ti trng
lch tm ca ti trng phi khng vt qu 3/8 ca cc kch thc B v L tng ng.

447

Tiu chun thit k cu

10.6.3.3. Ph hoi do trt

Ph hoi do trt phi c kho st cho nhng mng chu ti trng nghing v/ c t trn mi dc.
i vi nhng mng nm trn t st, phi xem xt kh nng xut hin khong trng do co ngt gia
t v mng. Phi xt n kh nng chuyn v tng lai cu t pha trc mng nu lc khng b ng
l mt phn ca sc khng ct cn thit cho vic chng trt.
Sc khng tnh ton chng li ph hoi do trt, o bng N, c th tnh nh sau:
QR = Qn = T QT + ep Qep

(10.6.3.3-1)

trong :
T

h s sc khng cho sc khng trt gia t v mng cho trong Bng 10.5.5-1

QT

sc khng trt danh nh gia t v mng (N)

ep

h s sc khng cho sc khng b ng cho trong Bng 10.5.5-1

Qep

sc khng b ng danh nh ca t c trong sut tui th thit k ca kt cu (N)

Nu nh t bn di mng l t ri th:
QT = V tan

(10.6.3.3-2)

vi:
tan =

tan f i vi b tng trn t

0,8 tan f i vi mng b tng c sn

gc ni ma st ca t ()

tng cc lc thng ng (N)

y:

i vi nhng mng t trn st, sc khng trt c th ly gi tr nh hn trong:

Lc dnh ca st, hoc

Khi mng c t trn t nht 150 mm vt liu ht m cht, mt na ng sut php tuyn trn
giao din gia mng v t nh trong Hnh 1 cho cc tng chn. Nhng k hiu sau y dng cho
Bng 1.

qs

sc khng ct n v bng Su hay 0,5 'v ly gi tr nh hn

QT

din tch theo biu qs (c k)

Su

cng ct khng thot nc (MPa)

'v

ng sut thng ng c hiu

448

Tiu chun thit k cu

B tng

Hnh 10.6.3.3-1- Phng php c tnh sc khng trt ca cc tng trn t st

10.6.4. Thit k kt cu
Thit k kt cu ca mng phi tun th cc yu cu trong iu 5.13.3.
10.7. Cc ng
10.7.1. Tng qut
10.7.1.1. Phm vi p dng
Phi xt n ng cc khi mng khng th t trn , t dnh trng thi cng hoc vt liu mng
dng ht vi mt chi ph hp l. Ti nhng ni m tnh trng t thng thng cho php s dng mng
m rng nhng c kh nng xy ra xi, cc c th c dng nh mt bin php chng xi.

10.7.1.2. xuyn ca cc
xuyn ca cc phi c xc nh da trn kh nng chu ti trng thng ng v ti trng ngang v
chuyn v ca c cc v t bn di. Ni chung, tr khi t chi, xuyn thit k vi bt k cc
no cng khng c nh hn 3000 mm trong t dnh, rn chc hoc vt liu ht cht v khng c
nh hn 6000 mm trong t dnh mm yu hoc vt liu dng ht ri.
Tr khi t c chi, cc cho tr m kiu khung phi xuyn khng nh hn 1/3 chiu di t do
ca cc.
ng cc nhm xuyn qua mt lp t bn trn mm hoc ri nm trn lp t chc v cng, phi
xuyn qua lp t rn mt khong cch thch hp hn ch chuyn v ca cc cc cng nh t c
kh nng chu ti thch hp.

10.7.1.3. Sc khng
Cc cc phi c thit k c kh nng chu ti v kh nng kt cu m bo vi ln cho php v
chuyn v ngang cho php.

Tiu chun thit k cu

449

Sc khng ca cc cc phi c xc nh bng cc phng php phn tch tnh hc trn c s s

tng tc t - kt cu, th ti, dng thit b phn tch khi ng cc hoc k thut do sng ng sut
khc vi CAPWAP. Kh nng chu ti c th c xc nh thng qua kt qu kho st thm d di
mt t, kt qu th nghim ti hin trng hoc trong phng th nghim, cc phng php phn tch,
th nghim ti trng cc, v bng cch tham kho qu trnh lm vic trc y. Cng phi xt n:

S khc nhau gia sc chu ti ca cc n v nhm cc,

Kh nng chu ti ca lp t nm pha di chu ti trng ca nhm cc,

nh hng ca vic ng cc ti cc kt cu lin k,

Kh nng xi v nh hng ca chng, v

S truyn lc t t ang c kt nh lc ma st b mt m hay cc lc ko xung di

Cc h s sc khng i vi kh nng chu ti ca cc c c t cc th nghim ti trng hin trng

hoc t thit b phn tch ng cc c cho trong Bng 10.5.5-2.

10.7.1.4. nh hng ca t ang ln v cc ti trng ko xung

Phi xt n cc pht trin c th ca cc ti trng ko xung ln cc cc khi:

nhng ni cc cc nm di lp t st, bn hoc than bn,

nhng ni t p mi c p ln trn b mt trc y, v

Khi mc nc ngm b h thp ng k.

Cc ti trng ko xung di phi c xem nh l ti trng khi sc khng v ln ca mng c

kho st.
C th tnh ton ti trng ko xung nh trnh by trong iu 10.7.3.3 vi hng ca cc lc ma st b
mt c o li. Ti trng ko xung tnh ton phi c cng thm vo ti trng tnh thng ng tnh
ton p dng cho mng su khi nh gi kh nng chu ti theo trng thi gii hn cng .
Phi cng ti trng ko xung vo ti trng tnh thng ng dng cho cc mng su khi nh gi ln
trng thi gii hn s dng.

10.7.1.5. Khong cch cc, tnh khng v ngm

Khong cch tim-ti-tim cc khng c nh hn 750 mm hay 2,5 ln ng knh hay chiu rng cc,
chn gi tr no ln hn. Khong cch t mt bn ca bt k cc no ti mp gn nht ca mng phi
ln hn 225 mm.

Tiu chun thit k cu

450

nh ca cc cc phi c thit k ngm su t nht 300 mm trong b mng sau khi dn i tt c

cc vt liu cc h hi. Nu nh cc c gn vi b mng bng cc thanh ct thp chn hay cc tao,
chng phi c chn su khng nh hn 150 mm vo b mng. Khi rm b tng ct thp c c ti
ch v c dng nh rm m c bi cc cc, lp b tng bo v pha cc cc phi dy hn 150
mm, cng thm mt lng nhm xt n s khng thng cho php, v cc cc phi c thit k t nht
ngm su trong b cc 150 mm. Khi ct thp cc c neo trong b cc tho mn cc yu cu ca
iu 5.13.4.1, ngm c th nh hn 150 mm.

10.7.1.6. Cc xin
Phi trnh dng cc xin khi c th c ti trng ko xung (do ma st m) v trong Vng ng t 3
v 4.
Phi dng cc cc xin khi sc khng ngang ca cc cc thng ng khng chng li cc lc
ngang truyn ln mng, hoc khi cn tng thm cng ca ton b kt cu.

10.7.1.7. Mc nc ngm v lc ni
Kh nng chu ti phi c xc nh bng cch dng mc nc ngm ging nh dng tnh cc
hiu ng lc. Phi xt n nh hng ca p lc thu tnh trong thit k.

10.7.1.8. Bo v chng h hng

Ti thiu, phi xt n cc loi h hi sau:

S n mn cc mng cc thp, c bit trong nn t p, pH thp v mi trng bin,

Cc cht sunfat, clorit v a xt ph hu mng cc b tng,

Phi xt n cc tnh trng di y nh l du hiu kh nng xy ra h hi hoc n mn cc:

in tr sut t hn 100 ohm/mm,

pH t hn 5.5,

pH gia 5.5 v 8.5 trong t c hm lng hu c cao,

Nng sunfat ln hn 1000 ppm,

t p hay x p,

t chu nc thi ca m hoc nc thi cng nghip,

Cc vng c hn hp t c in tr sut cao v t c in tr sut thp nhng tnh kim cao, v

Phi xt n cc tnh trng nc sau y nh l du hiu kh nng h hi hay n mn cc:

Hm lng clorit nhiu hn 500 ppm,

Nng sunfat ln hn 500 ppm,

Tiu chun thit k cu

Nc mt chy t m hay khu cng nghip,

Hm lng hu c cao,

pH nh hn 5,5,

Cc chu chu k t/kh.

451

Khi nghi ng c cc cht thi ho hc, phi xt n cc phn tch ho hc mu t v nc ngm.

10.7.1.9. Lc nh
Mng cc c thit k chng li nh phi c kim tra c v sc khng nh v kh nng kt cu
chu c cc ng sut ko.

10.7.1.10. Chiu di c tnh

Phi th hin chiu di c tnh ca cc cho mi kt cu phn di trn cc bn v v phi cn c
vo s nh gi cn trng v cc thng tin ca nn di mt t, cc tnh ton kh nng chu ti
ngang v chu ti tnh, v/hoc kinh nghim trong qu kh.

10.7.1.11. Cao d kin v cao trnh mi cc ti thiu

Cn th hin cc cao trnh d kin v cao trnh mi cc ti thiu ca tng kt cu phn di trong
cc bn v hp ng. Cc cao trnh mi cc d kin phi phn nh c cao ti c th t
c kh nng chu ti cc hn cn thit ca cc.
Cc cao trnh mi cc d kin ti thiu phi phn nh c xuyn vo t cn thit chng
cc ti trng ngang ln cc, bao gm xi l nu c v/ hoc xuyn qua cc a tng khng thch
hp nm trn.

10.7.1.12. Cc cc xuyn qua nn t p

Khi ng cc xuyn qua nn t p, phi m bo ngp xuyn t nht l 3000mm qua lp t
nguyn thu tr phi n chi do gp gc hay gp a tng chu lc rn mt su t
hn. Vt liu p nn phi c chn lc sao cho khng cn tr vic h cc n chiu su yu cu.
Kch c ht ti a ca bt c loi t p no khng c vt qu 150mm. Cc v tr khoan
thm d trc hay cc khoan p cn c quy nh khi cn thit, c bit i vi cc loi cc
chuyn v .

10.7.1.13. Cc cc th
Phi xt n vic ng cc cc th cho kt cu phn di d xc nh cc c trng thi cng, nh gi
kh nng ca cc theo chiu su v thit lp cc chiu di cc ch th cho nh thu phi lm. Cc cc
c th c th nghim theo phng php th ti trng tnh, th ng, cc nghin cu v tnh d h cc
hoc kt hp gia chng vi nhau, cn c vo s hiu bit v cc iu kin ca nn t. C th tng s
lng cc th cn thit tu theo cc iu kin nn t khng ng u. C th khng yu cu th cc
khi c kinh nghim trc v cng loi cc v cng kh nng chu ti ti hn ca cc trong iu kin
nn t tng t.

452

Tiu chun thit k cu

10.7.1.14. Phn tch phng trnh sng

Khi thit k nn mng cc, cn nh gi tnh d thi cng bng cch dng chng trnh vi tnh v
phng trnh sng. Cn s dng phng trnh sng xc nhn c th thi cng on cc theo thit
k t n su mong mun v kh nng chu ti ti hn ca cc cng nh phm vi ca mc ti
cho php khi h cc c quy nh trong iu 10.7.1.16 khi dng mt h thng ng h cc c
kch c thch hp.
10.7.1.15. Vic kim tra ng
C th quy nh vic kim tra ng cho cc cc c thi cng trong cc iu kin nn t kh
khn nh l t c cc vt cn v cui hoc b mt ca gc nghing nhiu, cng nh nh
gi thi cng ph hp vi kh nng chu lc ca cc v mt kt cu. Vic vic kim tra ng c th
cn c xem xt kim nghim kh nng a k thut trong trng hp quy m ca cng trnh
hay cc gii hn khc khng cho php p dng th nghim nn tnh.
10.7.1.16. Cc ng sut ng cc cho php ti a
C th c tnh ti trng ng cc bng cch phn tch phng trnh sng hay kim tra ng i
vi lc v gia tc u cc trong qu trnh ng cc.
Lc ng cc ti a i vi cc cc c ng trn u cc khng c vt qu cc sc khng tnh
ton sau y theo tn gi v cc h s sc khng cho trong cc Chng 5 & 6 khi thch hp:
Cc cc thp

Chu nn

0,90 Fy Ag

Chu ko

0,90 Fy An

Cc cc b tng

Chu nn

0,85 fc Ac

Chu ko

0,70 Fy As

Cc cc b tng d ng lc

Chu nn

(0,85fc - fpe) Ac

Chu ko - mi trng bnh thng

0,25 f c' + f pe A c

Chu ko - mi trng xm thc nghim trng

fpe Aps

10.7.2. Chuyn v v sc khng trng thi gii hn s dng

10.7.2.1. Tng qut
Vi mc nh tnh ton ln ca nhm cc, ti trng c gi nh tc ng ln mng tng ng
t ti hai phn ba su chn cc vo lp chu lc nh trong Hnh 1.
Vi cc cc trong t ri, ln ca mng s c kho cu bng cch dng tt c cc ti trng tc
dng trong T hp Ti trng s dng cho trong Bng 3.4.1-1. Vi cc cc trong t dnh, cng s dng
T hp Ti trng s dng vi tt c cc ti trng, ngoi tr cc ti trng tc thi c th b qua.
Phi s dng tt c cc t hp ti trng theo trng thi gii hn s dng thch hp cho trong Bng 3.4.1-1
nh gi chuyn v ngang ca mng.

453

Tiu chun thit k cu

Mng tng
ng

Lp ym

Lp tt

Mng tng
ng

Hnh 10.7.2.1-1 - V tr mng tng ng (theo Duncan v Buchignani 1976)

10.7.2.2. Cc Tiu chun chuyn v ngang

Phi p dng cc quynh ca iu 10.6.2.2.
Chuyn v ngang khng c vt qu 38 mm.

10.7.2.3. ln
10.7.2.3.1. Tng qut
ln ca mng khng c vt qu ln cho php nh c chn theo iu 10.6.2.2

454

Tiu chun thit k cu

10.7.2.3.2. t dnh
Phi dng cc phng php dng cho mng nng c tnh ln ca nhm cc, bng cch s dng
v tr mng tng ng cho trong Hnh 10.7.2.1-1
10.7.2.3.3. t ri
ln ca nhm cc trong t ri c th c c tnh bng cch s dng kt qu th nghim ngoi
hin trng v v tr mng tng ng cho trong Hnh 10.7.2.1-1.
ln ca nhm cc trong t ri c th tnh nh sau:

S dng SPT:

S dng CPT:

360 q I X
N corr
=

(10.7.2.3.3-1)

qI
2q c

(10.7.2.3.3-2)

trong :
= 1 0,125

D,
0,5

(10.7.2.3.3-3)

1,92
N
'

Ncorr = 0,77 log 10

y :
q

p lc mng tnh tc dng ti 2Db/3 cho trong Hnh 10.7.2.1-1. p lc ny bng vi ti

trng tc dng ti nh ca nhm c chia bi din tch mng tng ng v khng bao
gm trng lng ca cc cc hoc ca t gia cc cc (MPa).

chiu rng hay chiu nh nht ca nhm cc (mm),

ln ca nhm cc (mm)

h s nh hng ca chiu su chn hu hiu ca nhm

su hu hiu ly bng 2Db /3 (mm)

Db

su chn cc trong lp chu lc nh cho trong Hnh 10.7.2.1-1 (mm)

Ncorr =

gi tr trung bnh i din hiu chnh cho s m SPT ca tng ph trn su X pha
di mng tng ng (Ba/300mm)

s m SPT o trong khong ln (Ba/300mm)

455

Tiu chun thit k cu

ng sut thng ng hu hiu (MPa)

qc

sc khng xuyn hnh nn tnh trung bnh trn su X di mng tng ng (MPa)

10.7.2.4. Chuyn v ngang

Chuyn v ngang ca mng cc khng c vt qu chuyn v ngang cho php nh chn theo
iu 10.7.2.2.
Chuyn v ngang ca nhm cc phi c c tnh bng cch dng phng php c xt n tng tc
t-kt cu.

10.7.2.5. cc Gi tr gi nh v lc chng
Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 10.6.2.3.
Sc khng trng thi Gii hn Cng

10.7.3.1. Tng qut

Cc sc khng phi xt n bao gm:

Sc khng ca cc,

Sc khng nh ca cc,

Xuyn thng ca cc t lp t tt vo lp yu hn, v

Sc khng kt cu ca cc cc.

10.7.3.2. Ti trng dc trc ca cc

Phi dnh s u tin cho qu trnh thit k da trn cc phn tch tnh kt hp vi quan trc hin trng
trong khi ng cc hay th nghim ti trng. Kt qu th nghim ti trng c th c ngoi suy cho cc
kt cu gn k c iu kin t tng t. Sc khng ca cc c th c c tnh bng cch dng
cc phng php phn tch hay phng php th nghim hin trng.
Sc khng tnh ton ca cc cc QR c th tnh nh sau:
QR = Qn = q Qult

(10.7.3.2-1)

QR = Qn = q p Qp + qs Qs

(10.7.3.2-2)

Qp = qp Ap

(10.7.3.2-3)

Qs = qs As

(10.7.3.2-4)

hay

vi:

456

Tiu chun thit k cu

trong :
q

h s sc khng dng cho sc khng ca mt cc n, cho trong iu 10.5.4 dng cho

cc phng php khng phn bit gia sc khng ton b v s gp phn ring r ca sc
khng mi v thn cc.

Qult

sc khng ca mt cc n (N)

Qp

sc khng mi cc (N)

Qs

sc khng thn cc (N)

qp

sc khng n v mi cc (MPa)

qs

sc khng n v thn cc (MPa)

As

din tch b mt thn cc (mm2)

Ap

din tch mi cc (mm2)

qp

h s sc khng i vi sc khng mi cc quy nh cho trong Bng 10.5.5-2 dng cho cc

phng php tch ri sc khng ca cc do sc khng ca mi cc v sc khng thn cc.

qs

h s sc khng i vi sc khng thn cc cho trong Bng 10.5.5 -2 dng cho cc phng
php tsch ri sc khng ca cc do sc khng ca mi cc v sc khng thn cc.

10.7.3.3. c tnh na thc nghim sc khng ca cc

10.7.3.3.1. Tng qut
C th dng c phng php tng ng sut v ng sut hu hiu, vi iu kin cc tham s cng
t thch hp l c sn. Cc h s sc khng i vi ma st b mt v sc khng mi, c c tnh
bng phng php na thc nghim, nh quy nh trong Bng 10.5.5-2.
10.7.3.3.2. Sc khng thn cc
C th s dng mt hay nhiu hn trong ba phng php c th c trnh by di y, khi thch hp
10.7.3.3.2a. Phng php
Phng php , da trn tng ng sut, c th c dng lin h s kt dnh gia cc v t
st vi cng khng thot nc ca t st. Ma st n v b mt danh nh (MPa) c th ly bng:
Qs = Su

(10.7.3.3.2a-1)

y:
Su

cng khng ct khng thot nc trung bnh (MPa)

h s kt dnh p dng cho Su (DIM)

H s kt dnh, , c th c gi nh thay i vi gi tr cng khng ct khng thot nc, Su nh

cho trong Hnh 1.

457

Tiu chun thit k cu

Nh hn
H s dnh

Ct hoc
cui ct
Db = ln
hn 40D

St cng

Cng ct khng thot nc Su (MPa)

hn

H s dnh

Ln

St
mm

St
cng

H s dnh

Cng ct khng thot nc Su (MPa)

Db = ln hn

40D

St
na
cng
n
cng

Cng ct khng thot nc Su (MPa)

Hnh 10.7.3.3.2a-1- Cc ng cong thit k v h s kt dnh cho cc

ng vo t st (theo Tomlinson, 1987)
10.7.3.3.2b. Phng php
Phng php , da vo ng sut hu hiu, c th c s dng d on ma st b mt ca cc. Ma
st n v b mt danh nh (MPa) c th c lin quan ti cc ng sut hu hiu trong t nh sau:
qs = v
y:
v

ng sut hu hiu thng ng (MPa)

h s ly t Hnh 1

(10.7.3.3.2b-1)

458

Tiu chun thit k cu

Gii hn kin

Vt qu gii
hn 2.00
Gii hn kin
ngh i vi

Hnh 10.7.3.3.2b-1- Quan h -OCR i vi chuyn v cc (theo Esrig v Kirby, 1979)

C th dng phng php Nordlund m rng phng php cho cc cc khng c hnh lng tr
trong t dnh, trong trng hp ny h s sc khng c th ly nh i vi phng php theo quy
nh trong Bng 10.5.5-2.
10.7.3.3.2c. Phng php
Phng php , da trn ng sut hu hiu, c th dng biu th mi tng quan gia ma st n v
b mt (MPa) vi p lc t b ng nh sau:
qs = (v + 2Su)
y
(v + 2Su)

p lc t nm ngang b ng (MPa)

h s thc nghim ly t Hnh 1 (DIM)

(10.7.3.3.2c-1)

459

Cc xuyn (mm) x 1000

Tiu chun thit k cu

Hnh 10.7.3.3.2c-1- H s cho cc ng ng (theo Vijayvergiya v Focht, 1972)

10.7.3.3.3. Sc khng mi cc
Sc khng n v mi cc trong t st bo ho (MPa) c th tnh nh sau:
qp = 9 Su
Su

(10.7.3.3.3-1)

cng khng ct khng thot nc ca st gn chn cc (MPa)

10.7.3.4. c tnh sc khng ca cc da trn th nghim hin trng

10.7.3.4.1. Tng qut
Cc h s sc khng i vi ma st b mt v sc khng mi cc, c c tnh bng cc phng php
hin trng c quy nh trong Bng 10.5.5-2.
10.7.3.4.2. S dng kt qu SPT
Phng php ny s ch p dng cho ct v bn khng do
10.7.3.4.2a. Sc khng mi cc

460

Tiu chun thit k cu

Sc khng n v mi cc danh nh (MPa), cho cc cc ng ti su Db trong t ri c th tnh

nh sau:

qp =

0,038N corr D b
ql
D

(10.7.3.4.2a-1)

vi:

1,92
N
N corr = 0,77 log 10

(10.7.3.4.2a-2)

y:
Ncorr =

s m SPT gn mi cc hiu chnh cho p lc tng ph, v (Ba/300mm)

s m SPT o c (Ba/300mm)

chiu rng hay ng knh cc (mm)

Db

chiu su xuyn trong tng chu lc (mm)

ql

sc khng im gii hn tnh bng 0,4 Ncorr cho ct v 0,3 Ncorr cho bn khng do (MPa).

10.7.3.4.2b. Ma st b mt
Ma st b mt danh nh ca cc trong t ri (MPa) c th tnh nh sau:

i vi cc ng chuyn dch:
qs = 0,0019 N

(10.7.3.4.2b-1)

i vi cc khng chuyn dch (v d cc thp ch H)

qs = 0,00096 N

(10.7.3.4.2b-2)

y:
qs

ma st n v b mt cho cc ng (MPa)

s m ba SPT trung bnh (cha hiu chnh) dc theo thn cc (Ba/300mm)

10.7.3.4.3. S dng CPT

10.7.3.4.3a. Tng qut
CPT c th dng xc nh:

Sc khng xuyn hnh nn, qc, c th c dng xc nh kh nng chu lc mi cc, v

Ma st ng, fs, c th c dng xc nh kh nng ma st b mt.

461

Tiu chun thit k cu

10.7.3.4.3b. Sc khng mi cc
Sc khng mi cc, qp (MPa) c th c xc nh nh cho trong Hnh 1
vi:
qp = q c1 + q c2

(10.7.3.4.3b-1)

y:
qc1

gi tr trung bnh ca qc trn ton b chiu su yD di mi cc (ng a-b-c). Tng gi tr

qc theo c hng xung (ng a-b) v hng ln (ng b-c). Dng cc gi tr qc thc
dc theo ng a-b v quy tc ng ti thiu dc theo ng b-c. Tnh ton qc1 cho cc
gi tr y t 0,7 n 4,0 v s dng gi tr ti thiu qc1 thu c (MPa).

qc2

gi tr trung bnh ca qc trn ton b khong cch 8D bn trn mi cc (ng c-e). S

dng quy tc ng ti thiu nh i vi ng b-c trong tnh ton qc1. B qua cc nh
lm nh X, nu trong ct, nhng a vo ng nh nht nu trong st.

Sc khng hnh nn trung bnh ti thiu gia 0,7 v 4 ng knh cc bn di cao mi cc c c

thng qua qu trnh th dn, vi vic s dng quy tc ng ti thiu. Quy tc ng ti thiu cng s
c dng tm ra gi tr sc khng hnh nn cho t trong khong tm ln ng knh cc bn trn
mi cc. Tnh trung bnh hai kt qu xc nh sc khng mi cc.

462

Tiu chun thit k cu

Chiu su

ng bao cc gi tr
qc ti thiu

Hnh 10.7.3.4.3b-1- Phng php tnh sc chu u cc

(theo Nottinghan v Schmertmann, 1975)
10.7.3.4.3c. Ma st b mt
Sc khng ma st b mt danh nh ca cc (N) c th tnh nh sau:
N1 L
Q s = K s,c i
i =1 8D i

N2

fsi a si .h i +
fsi a si h i

i =1

(10.7.3.4.3c-1)

y:
Ks,c

cc h s hiu chnh: Kc Cho cc t st v Ks cho t ct ly t Hnh 1(DIM)

Li

chiu su n im gia khong chiu di ti im xem xt (mm)

chiu rng hoc ng knh cc xem xt (mm)

463

Tiu chun thit k cu

fsi

sc khng ma st n v thnh ng cc b ly t CPT ti im xem xt (MPa)

asi

chu v cc ti im xem xt (mm)

hi

khong chiu di ti im xem xt (mm)

Ni

s khong gia mt t v im cch di mt t 8D

N2

s khong gia im cch di mt t 8D v mi cc.

T s chiu su trn chiu rng = Z/D

Fs theo MPa

Cc b tng
v g
Cc thp

Mi c hc Begemann
Thp
B
t
Mi Furgo (in)

Dng 0,8 fs cho mi cc

Begemann nu p trong lp st
c OCR cao

Thp
B tng
Ks ca g dng 1,25 Ks ca thp

Hnh 10.7.3.4.3c-1- H s hiu chnh ma st cc Ks v Kc

(theo Nottingham v Schmertmann, 1975)

10.7.3.5. Cc ta trn
H s sc khng i vi sc khng u cc ta trn phi c ly nh quy nh trong Bng 10.5.5.2.
Trong trng hp mi b rng cc v mi khong cch cc ng nt ca vt qu 300mm v
khi chiu dy ng nt khng c lp t nh hn 6.4mm hay c lp bng t hay vn c
b rng nh hn 25mm.
Sc khng n v danh nh ca mi cc qp ca cc cc ng n bng MPa c th tnh nh
sau:
qp = 3 qu Ksp d

(10.7.3.5-1)

464

Tiu chun thit k cu

trong :
K sp =

S
3+ d
D

(10.7.3.5-1)

t
10 1 + 300 d
Sd

d = 1 + 0,4

HS
3,4
DS

y:
qu

cng nn dc trc trung bnh ca li (MPa)

h s chiu su khng th nguyn (DIM)

Kps

h s kh nng chu ti khng th nguyn, t Hnh 1 (DiM)

sd

khong cch cc ng nt (mm)

td

chiu rng cc ng nt (mm)

chiu rng cc (mm)

Hs

chiu su chn cc vo trong h tnh bng 0.0 cho nhng cc t vo nh ca gc (mm)

Ds

ng knh ca h (mm)

Phng php ny khng c p dng cho b phn lp mm, chng hn nh dip thch yu hay
vi yu.
Cc c t trn yu phi c thit k x l mm nh t, c quy nh trong iu 10.7.3.3
cho cc cc t trn vt liu dnh v iu 10.7.3.4 cho cc cc t trn vt liu ri.

465

Gi tr ca Ksp

Tiu chun thit k cu

T s sd/ Ds

Hnh 10.7.3.5-1- H s kh nng chu ti (theoHi a k thut Canada, 1985)

10.7.3.6. Th ti cc v kim tra hin trng

Th nghim ko nn v ti trng ngang ca cc cc phi tun th :

Phng php th cc di ti trng nn dc trc tnh - ASTM D1143

Phng php th nghim cc n di ti trng ko dc trc tnh-ASTM D3689

Phng php th nghim cc di ti trng ngang - ASTM D3966

H s sc khng cho sc khng nn dc trc v kh nng ko dc trc c c t th ti trng cc cho

trong Bng 10.5.5-2.
Th nghim hin trng bng my phn tch ng cc phi tun th:
Phng php th cho Th nghim ng ng sut cao ca cc ASTM D4945
H s sc khng i vi sc khng nn dc trc v sc khng ko ln c c t cc th nghim ti
trng cc c cho trong Bng 10.5.5-2.

10.7.3.7. Lc nh
10.7.3.7.1. Tng qut
Phi xt n lc nh khi hiu ng lc c tnh ton cn c vo t hp ti trng theo trng thi gii hn
cng thch hp l lc ko.
Khi cc cc chu lc ko, chng phi c kho cu c v sc khng nh v kh nng kt cu chng
li s ko v truyn n ti mng.

466

Tiu chun thit k cu

10.7.3.7.2. Sc khng nh ca cc n
Sc khng nh ca cc n phi c c tnh theo phng php tng t nh phng php c tnh
sc khng ma st b mt ca cc chu nn trong iu 10.7.3.3 v 10.7.3.4.
Sc khng nh tnh ton tnh bng N, c th tnh nh sau:
QR = Qn = uQs

(10.7.3.7.2-1)

y:
Qs

kh nng khng nh danh nh do sc khng thn cc (N)

h s sc khng i vi kh nng khng nh cho trong Bng 10.5.5-2.

10.7.3.7.3. Sc khng nh ca nhm cc

Sc khng nh tnh ton ca nhm cc tnh bng N, phi c tnh nh sau:
QR = Qn = ug Qug

(10.7.3.7.3-1)

y:
ug

h s sc khng quy nh trong Bng 10.5.5-2

Qug

kh nng khng nh danh nh ca nhm cc (N)

Sc khng nh, Qug ca nhm cc phi c ly s nh hn trong:

Tng ca sc khng nh ca cc n, hoc

Kh nng khng nh ca nhm cc c xem nh l mt khi.

i vi nhm cc trong t ri. Trng lng ca khi b nng s c xc nh bng cch dng s
truyn ca ti trng l 1/4 t ca nhm cc trong Hnh 1. Trng lng n v ni s c dng cho
t bn di mc nc ngm.
Trong t dnh, khi khng li lc nh khi ct khng thot nc s c ly theo Hnh 2. Lc khng
nh danh nh c th tnh nh sau:
Qn = Qug = (2XZ + 2YZ) S u + Wg
y:
X

chiu rng ca nhm, cho trong Hnh 2 (mm)

chiu di ca nhm, cho trong Hnh 2 (mm)

chiu su ca khi t di b cc, cho trong Hnh 2 (mm)

(10.7.3.7.3-2)

467

Tiu chun thit k cu

Su

cng khng ct khng thot nc trung bnh dc theo thn cc (MPa)

Wg

trng lng ca khi t, cc v b cc (N)

H s sc khng cho kh nng khng nh danh nh ca nhm cc, Qug c xc nh nh l tng cc

lc khng nh ca cc cc n, s c tnh ging nh cch tch cho kh nng khng nh ca cc n
cho trong Bng 10.5.5-2.
H s sc khng cho kh nng khng nh ca nhm cc c xem nh l mt khi c cho trong
Bng 10.5.5-2 cho nhm cc trong t st v trong ct.

Khi t do
nhm cc
nh ln

Hnh 10.7.3.7.3-1- Lc nh ca nhm cc t gn nhau trong t ri

(theo Tomlinson, 1987)

Khi t do
nhm cc
nh ln

Hnh 10.7.3.7.3-2- Lc nh ca nhm cc trong t dnh (theo Tomlinson, 1987)

10.7.3.8. Ti trng ngang

i vi cc cc chu ti trng ngang, u cc s c ngm vo b cc. Bt k t b xo trn no hoc
cc l rng c to ra trong qu trnh ng cc s c thay th bng vt liu ht c m cht.
Cc nh hng ca tng tc t-kt cu hoc -kt cu gia cc cc v t bao gm s lng v
khong cch cc cc trong nhm phi c xem xt khi thit k cc cc chu ti trng ngang.

468

Tiu chun thit k cu

10.7.3.9. sc khng ca cc xin

Sc khng ca nhm cc bao gm cc cc xin c th c c tnh bng cch x l cc xin nh l
cc cc thng ng.

10.7.3.10. Sc khng dc trc ca nhm cc

10.7.3.10.1. Tng qut
Sc khng tnh ton ca nhm cc (N) c tnh nh sau:
QR = Qn = g Qg

(10.7.3.10.1-1)

y:
Qg

sc khng danh nh ca nhm cc (N)

h s sc khng ca nhm cc quy nh trong quy trnh ny

10.7.3.10.2. t dnh
Nu nh b cc tip xc cht ch vi t, khi khng yu cu phi gim h s hu hiu.
Nu nh b cc khng tip xc cht ch vi t, v nu t l cng khi khng yu cu phi gim h
s hu hiu.
Nu nh b cc khng tip xc cht ch vi t, v nu t trn b mt l mm yu kh nng chu ti
ring r tng cc phi c nhn vi h s hu hiu , c ly nh sau:

= 0.65 vi khong cch tim n tim bng 2,5 ln ng knh,

= 1.0 vi khong cch tim n tim bng 6 ln ng knh,

i vi cc khong cch trung gian, gi tr ca c th c xc nh bng ni suy tuyn tnh.

Sc khng ca nhm phi l gi tr nh hn trong:

Tng ca cc sc khng sa i ring r ca mi cc trong nhm, hoc sc khng ca tr tng

ng bao gm cc cc v khi t trong din tch bao bi cc cc .

Khi xc nh tr tng ng:

Sc khng ct ton b ca t phi c dng xc nh sc khng ma st b mt

Tng din tch y ca tr tng ng phi c dng xc nh sc khng u cc, v

Sc khng ph thm ca b cc khng c xt n.

469

Tiu chun thit k cu

H s sc khng cho tr tng ng hoc khi ph hoi khi c cho trong Bng 10.5.5-2 v c p
dng khi b cc c hoc khng tip xc vi t. H s sc khng cho sc khng ca nhm cc c
tnh ton bng cch s dng tng ca cc sc khng ring r ca tng cc, ly nh gi tr cho sc khng
ca cc n cho trong Bng 10.5.5-2.
10.7.3.10.3. t ri
Kh nng chu ti ca nhm cc trong t ri phi l tng kh nng ca cc cc trong nhm. H s c
ch , ly bng 1.0 khi b cc c hoc khng tip xc vi t nn.
H s sc khng l ging nh gi tr cho cc n, c cho trong Bng 10.5.5-2.
10.7.3.10.4. Nhm cc trong t tt nm trn t yu hoc nn ln
Nu nhm cc c ng trong lp trm tch tt nm trn lp trm tch yu phi xt n kh nng ph
hoi chc thng ca mi cc vo trong tng yu hn. Nu tng t nm di bao gm t nn ln yu
hn phi xt n kh nng ln ln trong lp t yu hn.
Thay v s ch dn ti ch vic iu tra nghin cu v kh nng chu ti ca loi t yu bn di
c th cn c vo tnh ton ti trng cng tc dng vi gi thit s phn b p lc di cc mi cc
bng cch chiu din tch vng c bao bi cc mi cc 2 mt dc ng cn 1 nm ngang . Sc
khng bt k chiu su no di cc mi cc phi c xc nh trn c s kch thc hnh chiu
ca mng quy c. Kh nng chu lc phi cn c vo tiu chun ca mng m rng c quy
nh trong quy trnh ny.
10.7.3.11. Sc khng ti trng ngang ca nhm cc.
Sc khng tnh ton ca nhm cc chu ti trng ngang bng N phi c tnh nh sau:
QR = Qn = L QL

(10.7.3.11-1)

trong :
QL

sc khng ngang danh nh ca 1 cc n (N)

QLg

sc khng ngang danh nh ca nhm cc (N)

h s sc khng ca nhm cc c quy nh trong Bng 10.5.4-2

h s hu hiu ca nhm cc c xc nh trong quy trnh ny.

Sc khng ring ca tng cc phi c nhn vi 1 h s hu hiu nh sau:

0.75 cho t ri

0.85 cho t dnh

Phi ly sc khng ngang ca nhm cc bng tng s ca sc khng ca mi cc c h s trong

nhm cc.
10.7.4. Thit k kt cu

470

Tiu chun thit k cu

10.7.4.1. Tng qut

Thit k kt cu cc cc ng bng b tng v thp phi theo cc quy nh ca Phn 5 v 6 tng ng.

10.7.4.2. Bin dng on ca cc

Cc cc nh di qua nc hay khng kh phi gi nh c c nh ti mt khong su bn di t.
n nh s c xc nh theo cc quy nh cho cc cu lin chu nn trong Phn 5 v Phn 6 bng
cch dng chiu di tng ng ca cc bng chiu di khng c ngang, cng vi chiu su
chn cc c nh.
Chiu su c nh bn di t c th tnh nh sau:
Vi t st:
1,4

0,25

EpIp
Es

(mm)

(10.7.4.2-1)

(mm)

(10.7.4.2-2)

Vi ct:
1,8

EpIp

0,2

nh

y:
Ep

m un n hi ca cc (MPa)

Ip

m men qun tnh ca cc (mm4)

Es

m un t i vi t st = 67 Su (MPa)

Su

cng khng ct khng thot nc ca t st (MPa)

nh

t l tng ca m un t theo su i vi ct nh quy nh trong Bng 1 (MPa/mm)

Bng 10.7.4.2-1. T l tng ca m un t vi su nh(Mpa/mm) i vi ct
cht

Kh hoc t

Ngp nc

Ri

9,4 103

4,7 103

Va

0,025

0,013

Cht

0,063

0,031

10.8. Cc khoan
10.8.1. Tng qut
10.8.1.1. Phm vi p dng
Cc iu khon ca phn ny phi c dng thit k cc khoan, khc vi cc khoan c thi cng
bng khoan gung xon lin tc, tc l cc c b tng khi gung xon c rt ln.

Tiu chun thit k cu

471

10.8.1.2. Chiu su chn cc

Chiu su chn cc khoan phi cung cp cc kh nng chu ti thng ng v ngang ph hp v
chuyn v chp nhn c.

10.8.1.3. ng knh cc v cc m rng y

Vi cc cc ngm vo yu cu c cc ng vch xuyn qua cc lp t bn trn, cc h s thi cng
phi ch r rng ng knh hc khoan t nht phi nh hn ng knh trong ca vch l 150 mm.
Vi cc cc ngm vo khng cn c cc ng vch qua cc lp t bn trn, ng knh hc khoan c
th bng ng knh thn cc qua lp t. Vic thit k phi da vo ng knh hc c th.
Trong t dnh cng, c th dng y m rng, loe hnh chung hoc doa mi cc tng thm din
tch ta nhm gim p lc u cc n v hoc to thm sc khng chng ti trng ko ln.
Khi y ca h khoan c dn sch v kim tra trc khi b tng, ton b din tch y c th coi
l hu hiu trong vic truyn ti
Trong thc t, phi xt ti vic chn cc ti su ln hn trnh cc kh khn v chi ph cho vic
o m rng y.

10.8.1.4. Sc khng
Cc quy nh ca iu 10.7.1.3 phi c p dng bng cch thay th thut ng Cc khoan cho Cc
khi thch hp.
Phng php thi cng c th nh hng ti sc khng ca cc khoan v phi xt n nh l mt phn
ca quy trnh thit k. Cc khoan c thi cng bng cch s dng cc phng php thi cng kh, ng
vch hay t hoc l kt hp cc phng php. Trong mi trng hp, o h, b tng v tt c cc
cng vic khc ca qu trnh thi cng cc phi c thc hin theo ng cc quy nh ca Tiu chun
thit k ny v Tiu chun thi cng.

10.8.1.5. Lc ko xung
Cc lc ko xung phi c nh gi nh c quy nh trong iu 10.7.1.4.
i vi cc chng khi lc ko xung l vn trng thi gii hn cng , cc h s ti trng i vi
lc ko xung phi l s nghch o ca h s sc khng dng cho phng php xc nh sc khng
ca cc nh ch ra trong Bng 10.5.5.3.

Tiu chun thit k cu

472

10.8.1.6. Khong cch gia cc cc

Khong cch tim-n-tim ca cc khoan phi ln hn 3.0 ln ng knh hoc khong cch yu cu
nhm trnh nh hng gia cc cc ln cn, ly tr s ln hn.
Nu yu cu khong cch gn hn th trnh t thi cng phi c quy nh r trong cc h s hp ng
v phi nh gi tc ng qua li gia cc cc lin k.

10.8.1.7. Cc xin
Phi trnh dng cc xin. Khi cn tng sc khng bn, phi xem xt n vic tng ng knh cc hoc
tng s lng cc.

10.8.1.8. Mc nc ngm v lc ni
Cc quy nh trong iu 10.7.1.7 phi c p dng nu thch hp.

10.8.1.9. lc nh
Cc quy nh trong iu 10.7.1.9 phi c p dng nu thch hp.
Cc cc khoan c thit k trong t trng n phi c ko di mt chiu su trong t c m
n nh nhm cung cp sc neo chng li lc nh. Phi cung cp khong trng gia mt t v
mt di ca b cc hoc dm ni cc cc nhm loi tr tc ng ca cc lc nh ti im ni cc/b
cc do iu kin trng n ca t.
10.8.2. Chuyn v trng thi gii hn s dng
10.8.2.1. Tng qut
Cc quy nh ca iu 10.7.2.1 phi c p dng khi thch hp. T hp ti trng s dng trong Bng
3.4.1-1 phi c dng khi thch hp.
Khi c tnh ln trng thi gii hn s dng ca cc khoan trong t st, ch c ti trng thng
xuyn c xt n. Ti trng tc thi phi c cng thm vo ti trng thng xuyn khi c tnh
ln ca cc trong t dng ht.

10.8.2.2. Tiu chun chuyn v ngang

Cc quy nh ca iu 10.7.2.2 phi c p dng khi thch hp.

10.8.2.3. ln
10.8.2.3.1. Tng qut
ln ca mng cc khoan k c ln ca cc khoan n v ln ca nhm cc khng c vt
qu tiu chun chuyn v c chn ph hp vi iu 10.6.2.2.
10.8.2.3.2. ln ca cc khoan n
Phi c tnh ln ca cc khoan n c xt n:

473

Tiu chun thit k cu

ln ngn hn,

ln c kt nu cc thi cng trong t dnh, v

nn dc trc ca cc khoan.

10.8.2.3.3. ln ca nhm cc
Cc quy nh ca iu 10.7.2.3 phi c p dng khi thch hp.

10.8.2.4. Chuyn v ngang

Cc quy nh ca iu 10.7.2.4 phi c p dng khi thch hp.
10.8.3. Sc khng trng thi gii hn cng
10.8.3.1. Tng qut
Phi p dng trng thi gii hn cng ca iu 10.7.3.1

10.8.3.2. Ti trng dc trc ca cc khoan

Cc quy nh ca iu 10.7.3.2 v Hnh 10.5.4.3 phi p dng khi thch hp.

10.8.3.3. c tnh bn thc nghim sc khng ca cc khoan trong t dnh

Phng php bn thc nghim c th c dng c tnh sc khng ca cc khoan trong t dnh.
Cc khoan trong t dnh phi c thit k bng phng php tng ng sut v ng sut hu hiu i
vi cc iu kin ti trng thot nc v khng thot nc tng ng.
Cc khoan trong t ri phi c thit k bng phng php ng sut hu hiu i vi cc iu kin
ti trng thot nc hoc phng php bn thc nghim da trn cc kt qu th nghim hin trng.
Cc h s sc khng i vi sc khng bn v sc khng mi cc c quy nh trong Bng 10.5.5-3
10.8.3.3.1. Sc khng ca cc khoan dng phng php
Sc khng bn n v danh nh (MPa) cho cc khoan trong t ri chu ti di iu kin ti trng
khng thot nc c th tnh nh sau:
qs = Su
y:
Su

cng khng ct khng thot nc trung bnh (MPa)

h s dnh bm (DIM)

(10.8.3.3.1-1)

474

Tiu chun thit k cu

Cc phn sau y ca cc khoan c minh ho trong Hnh 1 s khng c tnh ng gp vo s

pht trin ca sc khng thng qua ma st b mt:

t nht 1500 mm trn cng ca bt k cc khoan no,

Vi cc thng, chiu di y ca cc khoan ly bng ng knh cc,

Chu vi ca u loe, nu dng, v

Khong cch trn u loe ly bng ng knh cc.

Cc gi tr ca i vi cc phn ng gp ca cc khoan o kh trong h m hoc ng vch c

cho chi tit trong Bng 1.
Bng 10.8.3.3.1-1- Gi tr ca
dng cho xc nh sc khng
thnh bn trong t dnh
(Reese v O'Neill 1988)
Khng tnh 1500 mm
trn nh

Khng tnh khong bng

ng knh cc trn u loe

Khng tnh b
mt phn loe

Khng tnh on bng

mt ng knh cc
di cng

Cc thng

Cc loe

X l nh i vi cui

Hnh 10.8.3.3.1-1- Gii thch cc phn khng xem xt

trong tnh ton ca cc khoan (Reese v ONeill, 1988)
10.8.3.3.2. Sc khng mi cc
i vi cc chu ti trng dc trc trong t dnh, sc khng n v mi cc danh nh ca cc khoan
(MPa) c th tnh nh sau:
qp = NcSu 4.,

(10.8.3.3.2-1)

Nc = 6[1+ 0,2 (Z/D)] 9

(10.8.3.3.2-2)

y:

trong :
D

ng knh cc khoan (mm)

xuyn ca cc khoan (mm)

Su

cng khng ct khng thot nc (MPa)

475

Tiu chun thit k cu

Gi tr ca Su phi c xc nh t kt qu th nghim hin trng v/ hoc trong phng th nghim

ca cc mu nguyn dng ly trong khong su 2.0 ln ng knh di mi cc. Nu t trong gii
hn 2.0 ng knh cc c Su < 0,024 MPa, gi tr ca Nc s b chit gim 1/3.
i vi cc cc khoan trong t st vi Su > 0.096 MPa vi D > 1900 mm, v ln cc khng c
nh gi, gi tr ca qp phi chit gim thnh qpr nh sau:
qpr = qpFr

(10.8.3.3.2-3)

trong
Fr =

760
1,0
12,0aD p + 760 b

a = 0,0071 + 0,0021

b = 1,45

Z
0,015
Dp

2,0 S u with 0,5 b 1,5

(10.8.3.3.2-4)

(10.8.3.3.2-5)

(10.8.3.3.2-6)

y :
Dp

ng knh mi cc (mm)

10.8.3.4. c tnh sc khng ca cc khoan trong t ri

10.8.3.4.1 Tng qut
Sc khng danh nh ca cc khoan trong t ri phi c c tnh bng cch dng phng php
thch hp c ch ra di y hoc cc phng php a phng khc c chp nhn ph hp vi
iu 10.1. Sc khng tnh ton phi c xc nh bng cch s dng cc kinh nghim sn c trong
iu kin tng t.
10.8.3.4.2. Sc khng thn cc
Sc khng danh nh ca thn cc khoan trong ct c th c xc nh bng cch s dng mt trong
nm phng php quy nh trong Bng 1. Ch c th dng cc gi tr ln hn nu n c hiu chnh
bi cc th nghim ti trng.
Sc khng bn ca cc khoan trong ct c th c tnh bng cch s dng:

gc ma st, f , hoc

s nht ba SPT, N

476

Tiu chun thit k cu

Cc k hiu sau s p dng cho Bng 1

N

s ba SPT cha hiu chnh (Ba/300mm),

ng sut hu hiu thng ng (MPa),

gc ma st ca ct (),

h s truyn ti trng,

Db

chiu su chn cc khoan trong tng t ct chu lc (mm),

h s truyn ti trng,

chiu su di t (mm)

Gc ma st ca ct c th tng quan vi s ba SPT hoc l sc khng xuyn hnh nn c quy nh

trong Bng 2.
Bng 10.8.3.4.2-1- Tng kt cc phng php nh gi sc khng mt
bn, qs, MPa, trong t ct
Tham kho
Touma v
Reese
(1974)

Meyerhof (1976)

M t
qs = Kv tan f < 0,24MPa
y:
K = 0,7 i vi Db 7500mm
K = 0,6 i vi 7500mm < Db 12000mm
K = 0,5 i vi Db > 12000mm
qs = 0,00096N

Quiros v
Reese (1977)

qs = 0,0025N < 0,19 MPa

Reese v
Wright (1977)

Vi N 53
qs = 0,0028 N
Vi 53 < N 100
qs = 0,00021 (N - 53) + 0,15

Reese v

qs = v 0,19 MPa vi 0,25 1,2

y:

O'Neill (1988)

= 1,5 7,7x10-3

477

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 10.8.3.4.2-2- Cc gc ma st ca ct

cht

SPT-N

Qc (MPa)

Rt ri

< 30o

0-4

<1.9

Ri

30o - 35o

4 - 10

1,9 3,8

Va

35o - 40o

10 - 30

3,8 - 11

30 - 50

11 - 19

> 50

> 19

Cht

40 - 45

Rt cht

> 45o

10.8.3.4.3. Sc khng mi cc
Sc khng mi cc danh nh c th tnh ton bng cch dng cc phng php quy nh trong Bng 1,
vi cc k hiu sau y c s dng:
Ncorr =

s ba SPT-N hiu chnh cho p lc tng ph (ba/300mm)

[0,77 lg (1,92 / v)] N

s ba SPT cha hiu chnh (Ba/300mm)

ng knh ca cc khoan (mm)

Dp

ng knh mi cc khoan (mm)

Db

chiu su chn ca cc khoan trong lp chu lc l ct (mm)

ng sut lc thng ng hu hiu (MPa)

i vi cc ng knh y ln hn 1270mm, qp phi chit gim nh sau:

q pr =

1270
qp
Dp

(10.8.3.4.3-1)

478

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 10.8.3.4.3-1- Tng kt cc phng php dng c tnh Sc khng mi cc, qp,
MPa ca cc khoan trong ct

Tham kho
Touma v Reese
(1974)

M t
Ri - qp (MPa) = 0,0
Cht va - qp (MPa) =

1,5
k

3,8
k
K = 1 i vi Dp 500 mm
K = 0.6 Dp i vi Dp 500 mm
Ch dng khi Db > 10D

Rt cht - qp (MPa) =

Meyerhof
(1976)

Qp (MPa) =

0,013N corr D b
< 0,13 Ncorr i vi ct
Dp
< 0,096 Ncorr i vi bn khng do

Reese v Wright

Qp (MPa) = 0.064 N

i vi N 60

(1977)

Qp (MPa) = 3,8

i vi N > 60

Reese v O'Neill

Qp (MPa) = 0,057 N

i vi N 75

(1988)

Qp (MPa) = 4,3

i vi N > 75

10.8.3.5. Sc khng dc trc trong

xc nh sc khng dc trc ca cc khoan ngm trong cc hc , c th b qua sc khng mt bn
t trm tch t ph nm trn.
Nu b xung cp, dng cc phng php thi cng c bit, ng knh hc ln hn hoc phi xt
n chit gim sc khng hc .
Cc h s sc khng cho cc khoan ngm trong phi c ly nh quy nh trong Bng 10.5.5-3.

10.8.3.6. Th ti
Cc th nghim th ti phi c tin hnh bng cch dng cc thi cng theo phng php, kch thc
v vt liu ging nh chng c dng sn sut cc cc khoan.
Sc khng tnh ton i vi kh nng chu nn dc trc, kh nng chu lc nh dc trc hoc kh nng
chu lc ngang phi c ly trong Bng 10.5.5-3.

479

Tiu chun thit k cu

10.8.3.7. Sc khng nh
10.8.3.7.1. Tng qut
Sc khng nh c th c xem xt khi ti trng hng ln trn tc ng ln cc cc khoan. Cc cc
khoan chu cc lc nh phi c iu tra nghin cu v sc khng nh ln i vi cng kt cu
ca chng, v i vi cng ca lin kt ca chng vi cc cu kin .
10.8.3.7.2. Sc khng nh ca cc khoan n
Sc khng nh ca cc khoan n vch thng c th c tnh theo cch tng t nh xc nh sc
khng bn i vi cc khoan chu nn nh quy nh trong cc iu 10.8.3.3 v 10.8.3.4. Khi xc nh
sc khng nh ca cc khoan loe c th b qua sc khng bn pha trn phn loe v c th gi thit
rng phn loe lm vic nh mt neo.
H s sc khng i vi kh nng chu nh ca cc khoan phi ly nh quy nh trong Bng 10.5.5.3
Kh nng chng nh tnh ton ca cc khoan loe trong t dnh, Qr c th c xc nh nh sau:
Qr = Qn = Qsbell

(10.8.3.7.2-1)

Qsbell = qsbell Au

(10.8.3.7.2-2)

y:

y:
qs bel l =

NuSu (MPa)

Au

(Dp2 D2) 4 (mm2)

Nu

h s dnh bm nh ln,

Dp

ng knh ca phn loe (mm)

Db

chiu su chn trong lp mng (mm)

ng knh ca cc khoan (mm)

Su

cng khng ct khng thot nc ly trung bnh trn khong cch bng 2 ln ng
knh loe (2Dp) pha trn y (MPa)

h s sc khng quy nh trong Bng 10.5.5.3.

Nu t pha trn a tng mng l t trng n, Su phi ly gi tr trung bnh nh hn ca 2.0Dp pha
trn y ca mng hoc trn chiu su xuyn ca cc khoan trong a tng mng.
Gi tr ca Nu c th gi thit thay i tuyn tnh t 0.0 ti Db/Dp = 0.75 n gi tr 0.8 ti Db/Dp = 2.5,
y Db l chiu su di a tng mng. nh ca a tng mng phi c ly t y ca vng thay i
m theo ma.

Tiu chun thit k cu

480

10.8.3.7.3. Sc khng nh ca nhm cc

Cc quy nh ca iu10.7.3.7.3 phi c p dng. Cc h s sc khng i vi sc khng nh ca
nhm cc khoan phi c ly nh quy nh trong Bng 10.5.4.3.
10.8.3.8. Ti trng ngang
Thit k cc cc khoan chu ti trng ngang phi xt n cc nh hng ca tng tc gia cc v t
bao gm s lng tr trong nhm.
u cc khoan phi c c nh vo trong b cc.

10.8.3.9. Kh nng chu ti ca nhm cc

10.8.3.9.1. Tng qut
S chit gim sc khng c th do nh hng nhm phi c xem xt.
10.8.3.9.2. t dnh
Cc quy nh ca iu 10.7.3.10.2 phi c p dng.
H s sc khng i vi kh nng chu ti ca nhm cc ca tr tng ng, hoc s ph hoi khi
phi c ly nh c quy nh trong Bng 10.5.5.3 v phi c ng dng khi b cc c hoc khng
tip xc vi t.
Cc h s sc khng cho kh nng chu ti ca nhm cc c tnh ton bng tng ca cc kh nng
ca cc khoan ring l, chng cng ging nh cc gi tr cho cc kh nng ca cc khoan n.
10.8.3.9.3. t ri
Khng xt n s tip xc ca b cc vi t, kh nng ring r ca mi cc khoan phi c chit
gim bi h s cho cc ng ring bit, c ly nh sau:

= 0,65 i vi khong cch tim n tim bng 2,5 ln ng knh,

= 1,0 i vi khong cch tim n tim bng 6,0 ln ng knh,

i vi cc khong cch trung gian, gi tr ca c xc nh bng ni suy tuyn tnh.

10.8.3.9.4. Nhm cc trong t tt nm trn lp t chu nn yu hn.

Cc quy nh ca iu 10.7.3.10.4 phi c p dng.
10.8.4. Thit k kt cu
10.8.4. Tng qut
Thit k kt cu ca cc cc khoan phi theo ng cc quy nh ca Phn 5 i vi thit k b tng
ct thp.

Tiu chun thit k cu

481

10.8.4.2. Bin dng on ca cc khoan

Cc quy nh ca iu 10.7.4.2 phi c p dng.
10.8.5. Cu to ca cc khoan
10.8.5.1. Tng qut
Tt c cc cc khoan phi c kch c vi mc gia tng 150 mm vi ng knh cc ti thiu 450 mm.
Nu nh cc c kim tra th cng, ng knh cc khoan khng c t hn 750 mm. ng knh
ca cc ct c cc khoan khng c vt qu ng knh ca cc khoan.

10.8.5.2. Ct thp
Khi kh nng ti trng ngang l khng ng k, cc khoan c th c b tr ct thp cho ti trng dc
trc. Cc phn ca cc khoan khng chu ti trng ngang phi c thit k nh ct b tng ct thp
theo iu 5.7.4 v ct thp phi c ko di ti thiu 3000 mm di mt phng m t cung cp
ngm cng.
Khi ng vch thp c li v vch l ng trn c dy ln hn 3.0 mm, n c th c xem nh
l chu ti. Phi c d phng cho n mn.

10.8.5.3. Ct thp ngang

Ct thp ngang phi c thit k chu c cc ti trng do b tng ti t pha trong ca lng
n thnh bn ca h o. Ct thp ngang c th c thi cng nh l cc ct ai vng hoc ct ai
xon c.
Cc quy nh lin quan n ng t phi theo ng nh trong iu 5.13.4.6.

10.8.5.4. Btng
Cn xt n kch c ht ln nht ca ct liu, st, btng kh hay t, v sc khng thit k yu
cu khi quy nh btng thn cc. Btng c chn cn c kh nng c v c m ln thch
hp trong iu kin thi cng d kin v cn quy nh cc chi tit cu to thn cc. Ct liu c c ht ti
a phi bng hay nh hn mt phn nm ca c ly tnh gia cc ct thp trong thn cc

10.8.5.5. ct thp chn vo kt cu phn trn

Phi cung cp ct thp ti ch ni ca cc vi kt cu phn trn to c lin kt thch hp. Chn
ct thp vo trong b cc phi theo ng quy nh i vi cc ti ch trong Phn 5.

10.8.5.6. m rng
Cc m rng phi c thit k m bo b tng thng khng b vt qu ng sut. m rng c
gc nghing khng ln hn 30o so vi chiu thng ng v c ng knh y khng ln hn 3 ln
ng knh thn cc khoan. dy ca mp y ca m rng khng nh hn 150 mm.

Tiu chun thit k cu

482

Ph Lc
A10. 1. Kho st
S bt n nh ca mi dc, ho lng, t ln v s tng p lc t ngang thng l cc nhn t c bn
gy thit hi i vi cng trnh cu trong qu trnh ng t. Chnh nhng nguy him ng t ny c
th l cc nhn t thit k quan trng i vi gia tc ng t cc i khi vt qu 0,1g. Phi hnh
thnh vic kho st hin trng c th, nu cc iu kin cng trng v cc cao gia tc hp nht v
cc gii php thit k cho thy cc nguy him nh vy c th rt quan trng. Chnh cc yu t ho lng
gp phn gy nn mt s thit hi cho cu. Do vy cc phng n nh gi kh nng ho lng hin
trng s c trnh by chi tit di y:
Kh nng ho lng : Ho lng t nn ht mn bo ho l l do chnh gy ra h hng cu trong nhng
trn ng t trong lch s. V d trn ng t Alaska nm 1964 lm sp hon ton 9 cy cu, v
26 cu b bin dng nghim trng hay sp mt phn. Kho st cho thy ho lng ca t nn l nguyn
nhn gy ra thit hi chnh vi vic mt dn kh nng h tr mng dn n cc trng thi chuyn dch
ca cc tr v m cu. Vic nghin cu ho lng cm ng a chn v nh hng ca n i vi cu
c Femitto v Forest (1977) bin son bo co ln Cc ng b Hoa K. Thm nh tm tt cc s
liu thit k a chn cho phn mng cu lin quan n kh nng ho lng ca t c bo co trong
ti liu ca Martin (1979). H hng mng c chng minh trong cc bo co ny v trong cc ti liu
ni chung, cho thy r rng l vic thit k mng cu nm trong cc lp t c nguy c ho lng s gp
nhiu kh khn. nhng ni c th, vic thit k tt nht l phi trnh cc ni c lp ct su, cht
trung bnh hoc xp c ri ro ho lng cao. nhng ni nng c lp t cht hoc t c nhiu thnh
phn ht khc nhau, cc phng php n nh nh m cht c th khng tn km. Cng c th cn
nhc n vic s dng ct thp si dc ko di cc tr cu. Vic tnh chng lc ngang c th da
vo gi thit l kh nng ho lng ca vng pha trn l bng khng, v cn phi a ra vn v un
trc. S n nh ton phn ca m cng cn c nh gi cn thn, v m ny c th thch hp vi
vic s dng khu di hn v neo pha sau m t m u ng dn.
Trit l thit k b sung cho cc cu trn khu vc d b ho lng c th l mt cch tnh trc nhng
ri ro, t nht l i vi nhng chic cu c xem l khng my cp thit cho mc ch giao thng
ngay sau khi c ng t. Trit l khng th chnh sa mt cch kinh t thit k mt vi chic
cu c th tr c sau mt trn ng t ln m khng c mt s ph hu ng k no trn mi trng
ha lng . Tuy nhin, trit l c th ti u ho mt bn thit k ci gi ca vic sa cha nhng
thit hi sau trn ng t cho nhng chic cu khng t ti ci gi ca vic sa cha v cn trnh
thit hi khi xy dng thm. Phng php xc nh kh nng ha lng ti hin trng c trnh by c
th trong nhng phn di y.
Mt bn bo co gn y v cc gii php xc nh 2 phng php c bn nhm nh gi kh nng ho
lng tun hon ca trm tch trong ct bo ho c xem l cch xc nh rung ca ng t nh
sau (Seed 1979):
1. Phng php thc nghim da trn s quan st qu trnh trm tch trong mt trn ng t trc v
s tng quan gia cc cng a c v khng c ho lng vi th nghim xuyn ng tiu chun
(SPT) xc nh t trng.

483

Tiu chun thit k cu

2. Phng php phn tch da trn vic xc nh bng th nghim cc c tnh mt ho lng ca cc
mu khng nhiu v s dng cc phn tch nhy v tr ng lc xc nh cng ng t
gy ra cc ng sut ct.
C 2 phng php thc nghim v phn tch u yu cu mc gia tc nn t ti cng a c xc
nh l iu kin tin quyt cho vic xc nh kh nng ho lng. Mc ny thng c to thnh t
cc mi lin quan gia chn cp ng t, khong cch n chn tm v gia tc cc i.
thun tin nh gi vic s dng cch tip cn "ng sut ton phn", c hai gii php trn gn ging
nhau v ch khc tnh cht xc nh cng ho lng. Vi phng php "ng sut ton phn", cc
cng ha lng thng thng c biu hin nhanh trn h s tng ng khng i hay ng sut
tun hon trung bnh, (Th)av, ng vai tr ng sut c hiu ban u tc dng thng ng ln. Theo c
tnh ban u, h s ng sut tun hon, c pht trin trong vng do lc ca ng t, c th c
tnh t phng trnh (Seed v Idriss 1971):

(Th )av

'
o

a
= 0,65rd max
g

o
'
o

(A10.1-1)

trong
amax

gia tc t cc i / hiu ng nh ti mt t (m/SEC2)

p lc lp ph ton phn trn lp ct c xt n (MPa)

'0

p lc lp ph hiu ng ban u trn lp ct c xt n (MPa)

zd

nhn t gim ng sut thay i t gi tr mt ti mt t xung cn 0,9 su 9m.

Phng php thc nghim - Cc gi tr ca h s ng sut tun hon c xc nh bng phng trnh
1 tng quan vi 2 v tr c v khng c ho lng vi cc thng s nh t trng tng i da trn d
liu SPT (Seed. 1975; Castro 1975). Cng thc mi nht ca hnh thc tng quan ny c th hin
trong biu 1& 2. N1 l sc khng xuyn ng tiu chun ca ct c chnh sa theo p sut lp ph
hiu ng ca 0,069 MPa khi p dng mi quan h.

N1 = NCN
trong :
N

sc khng xuyn ng o c (Blows/300mm)

CN

h s hiu chnh ly theo biu 2

Thc vy, ti mt v tr v mt gia tc mt t ti a cho trc, h s ng sut trung bnh pht trin
trong qu trnh ng t (Th)av/'o m ti ho lng c th xut hin, c biu hin bi mi tng
quan thc nghim c th hin trn biu 1. Mi tng quan cng khc nhau phn nh nh
hng ca ng t trong kh nng ho lng. H s an ton chng li ho lng c th c xc nh
bng cch so snh h s ng sut yu cu dn n nguyn nhn gy ho lng vi kt qu tnh ton ng
t gy ra. C th ly h s an ton l 1,5 l m bo an ton chng li ho lng cho trng hp cc
v tr cu l quan trng.

484

im c ch th iu kin thc a
v th nghim khi c h hng

v = 0.1MPa

im h ch th thc a ni khng
xy ra h hng

100% vi gii hn kh nng chu ct

H s ng sut tun hon do h s p lc vng tun hon cc i

Tiu chun thit k cu

Da trn s liu ca vng

Ngoi suy t kt qu th nghim
trong phng vi thang o ln

sc khng xuyn N1 - blows/300mm

p lc c hiu ca lp ph MPa

Hnh A10.1-1 - Mi tng quan gia c tnh ho lng v sc khng xuyn

CN

Hnh A10.1-2 - Mi quan h gia CN v p lc c hiu ca lp ph

485

Tiu chun thit k cu

Vic pht trin phng php thc nghim gn y c m t bi Dezfulian v Prager (1978) trong
s tng quan gia th nghim xuyn tnh CPT vi th nghim xuyn ng tiu chun SPT cho php
s o xuyn tnh CPT trong ct (c biu th l im khng qo) c dng nh mt thc o kh nng
ho lng. CPT c li th l kinh t hn SPT, v v chng c th cung cp cc s lng lin tc v
khng theo chiu su, cc mch lin kt mng c th c kh nng ho lng ca ct c th c xc nh
r hn.
Mc d th nghim xuyn tnh c li th r rng l phng php nh gi ho lng khong sng nh
hng, nhng phi lu rng tng quan thc nghim ny c thit lp t c s d li rt hn ch
ti cc hin trng bao gm ch yu cc trm tch ca loi ct bn ht nh. S tng quan c th b
phn tn i vi bn ct v bn si ( d liu blowcount rt kh gii thch) v vi ct th, ni m h
thng thot nc tng phn t ti p sut ng c th xy ra trong khi ng t. Hn th, trong nhng
tnh hung c ng sut ph xut hin do cc hot ng xy dng, cn cn thn khi gii thch s tng
quan ny.
Phng php phn tch - Cch tip cn bng phn tch nhm nh gi kh nng ho lng phi da trn
s so snh gia cng ho lng khong sng hnh thnh t cc cuc kim tra th nghim theo chu k
trn nhng mu khng nhiu v ng sut ct gy ng t. Trong cch tip cn ny, phi thy c s
pht trin ng cong cng ho lng ly t kt qu chnh s liu th nghim trong phng i vi
im tnh cc yu t nh m phng ng sut tun hon chnh xc, tp m mu, nhng nh hng lo
ho, qu trnh ng sut tun hon khong sng, v chn cp trong ca ng sut theo phng ngang ti
ch. Nhng m phng ny yu cu trnh k s ph hp. ng thi trong nhiu trng hp khng
th ly c cc mu ct khng nhiu.
cong cng ho lng c to thnh s l duy nht, nu phn tch ng sut ton phn c s
dng, kh nng ho lng c nh gi t s so snh vi ng sut ct gy ra ng t theo d tnh c
th hin trong hnh 3.
Dng cn bng chu k

D on min ha hng
ng cong cng rt ra t s
liu th nghim trong phng

S chu k gy ho lng

Chu k cn bng ng sut

i vi N chu k khi ng t
(theo phn tch ng)

Hnh A10.1-3 - Nguyn tc ca phng php phn tch (ng sut ton phn)
nh gi kh nng h hng

h s an ton < 1)

ng sut tun
hon do h
hng trong N
chu k (theo
th nghim
trong phng

Vng ha lnh

Chiu di

T l ng sut T/o'

ca ng sut ct

486

Tiu chun thit k cu

Mc ng sut ct do ng t c th c thit lp t phng php n gin ho (Seed and I driss

1971 ) hoc t nhng nh gi t m nh s dng cc chng trnh ng x ng "tuyn tnh cn bng"
n chiu, v d nh SHAKE. Mc ng sut trung bnh c thit lp bng cch s dng khi nim cn
bng s cc chu k (xp x 10 trong ng t M7 v 30 trong M8.5). Gn y hn, cc chng trnh phi
tuyn c nh hng cho vic tnh ton ng x ny.
Mt biu hin r hn ca vic pht trin ho lng tng ln khng ngng s c nhn bit bng cch s
dng cch tip cn ng sut c hiu ti im m p lc nc ln l rng tng ln ng thi vi li gii
ng x ng hc phi tuyn ( Finn 1978, Martin v Seed 1979) v nh hng ca kh nng p lc nc
ln l rng bin mt trong khi ng t cng c tnh n. Cch tip cn ny cho s liu ng thi
im ca s tng p lc nc ln l rng trong qu trnh ng t nh ch ra trong hnh 4.

Hiu ng ban u ca ng sut php

Thi gian = 4 giy

p lc l rng (MPa)

Chiu su (mt)

Hiu ng ban u ca ng sut php

Thi gian = 4 giy

Chiu su (mt)

p lc l rng (MPa)

Hnh A10.1-4 - Phng php ng sut c hiu nhn bit ho hi nh hiu

ng thm (theo Finn. 1977)

487

Tiu chun thit k cu

Cn ch rng nhng biu hin xu ca kh nng ho lng c th thy c bng cch s dng mi
tng quan thc nghim hnh thnh gia chn cp ca ng t v khong cch t chn tm ti vng
ho lng xa nht. Mt mi quan h nh vy c Youd v Perkins miu t v c s dng nh mt c

Chn cp ng t, m

s cho vic chun b cc bn c th cm nhn s rn nt mt t gy ho lng.

ng bin c tc gi
Youd dng, 1978

ng biu th khong cch

chm tm ca kuribayshi
v tatsuoka, 1975

Khong cch t ngun n vng c hiu ng ho hi lng ra

nht nhn bit trc, r, tnh bng kilomt

Hnh 10.1-5- Khong cch cc i n vng h hng c nhn bit nh l

mt hm s ca chm cp ng t

488

Tiu chun thit k cu

A10.2. Thit k mng

Thng thng trong thc t ngi ta chp nhn vic thit k mng chng ng t bng vic phi s
dng cch tip cn tnh hc hnh thc, trong ti trng ng t tc ng ln mng c xc nh t
cc phn lc v cc momen cn thit cho cn bng kt cu. Mc d cch tip cn thit k sc chu ti
theo kiu truyn thng vn c p dng vi cc yu t gim sc chu ti tng thch nu nh mun c
mt gii hn an ton chng h hng, vn phi lu mt s yu t lin quan n tnh ng hc ca ti
trng ng t.
Di ti trng chu k do tn s ng t, bn sinh ra do nhiu lp t ln hn bn tnh hc. i
vi t khng dnh v khng bo ho, c th tng ln khong 10%, trong khi i vi t dnh c th
tng ln 50%. Tuy nhin i vi cc lp t st bo ho yu hn v ct bo ho, phi pht hin ra kh
nng thoi ha v bn v cng di ti trng lp theo chu k. i vi cc cu c phn loi
Khu vc 2, vic s dng sc bn tnh hc ca t nh gi mng tin cy v an ton v trong hu
ht cc trng hp, bn v cng di tc dng ca ti trng lp s khng phi l vn do
ng t nh. Tuy nhin, i vi cu Khu vc 3, cn phi quan tm n kh nng v cng, bn
ca t ngoi hin trng khi nh gi kh nng gii hn ca mng cho thit k ng t.
V ti trng ng t xy ra ngn trong thin nhin, cho nn s mt kh nng chu lc ca t trong mt
thi gian ngn trong mt chu k ti trng c th l khng ng k. C th cn phi quan tm hn n
chuyn v hoc quay ca mng theo chu k kt hp vi s bin dng ca t, bi v n c th c
nh hng ng k n chuyn v kt cu hoc phn b momen un v lc ct trong cc tr (ct) v
cc kt cu khc.
Do s ph hp ca mng lm nh hng ti phn b lc v m men trong mt kt cu v tc ng n
d bo cc chu k ca thin nhin nn cn c h s cng tng ng cho h s mng. Trong nhiu
trng hp, vic s dng cc gii php phn tch khc nhau c dng cho cc chn b v cc, trong
gi thit rng t l mt mi trng n hi. Trong khi s dng nhng cng thc cn phi nhn
bit rng h s n hi tng ng ca t l mt hm s ca bin ng sut, v gi tr m un ti
trng ng t cao c th khng ng k so vi nhng nh gi i vi m un ti trng ng t
thp. S tng quan gia m un chng ct v bin ng sut ct trong trng hp ct c th hin
trong hnh 1.

h s m un chng ct G/g max

Min tiu biu ca

d liu

ng sut ct

Hnh A10.2-1 - Bin i ca m un chng ct vi ng sut ct i vi ct

489

Tiu chun thit k cu

Da trn c s quan st thc nghim v quan st hin trng, ngi ta ngy cng nhn thy rng dng
mng c th (uplift) hoc lc l (rocking) kh d tc thi khi chm ti trong ng t lm cho mng
tch v khi nn t, c th chp nhn thit k chnh xc nhng bin php ngn nga (Taylor v
Williams 1979). Cc nghin cu thc nghim cho thy rng bin dng quay bn di mng khi lc l
c th to ra hiu qu cho s tiu hao nng lng. Tuy nhin, cn phi cn thn trnh vic gy ra
nhng bin dng dc ng k cng vi s chy do c th ca t trong qu trnh lc l ca ng t
cng nh s di chuyn qu gii hn ca tr. Nhng iu ny c th dn n nhng kh khn trong thit
k vi nhng thay th tng i nhiu.
Ti trng ngang ca cc - Phn ln cc gii php ph bin c tnh cng ngang ca cc thng
ng l da trn gi thit v s lm vic n hi v p dng khi nim dm tng ng (Davisson v
Gill 1960), dm trn nn n hi ca Winkler (Matlock v Reese 1960), gii php chui lin tc n
hi (Poulos 1971). Tuy nhin, vic s dng cc phng php c xt n phn lc th yu phi tuyn dn
n cho php ph hu t c th l quan trng i vi ti trng ngang mc cao ca cc cc nm trong
t st mm v ct . Cch lm nh vy c cp trong li ngh ca Vin du kh M thit k
dn khoan ngoi khi. Phng php p dng phn lc th yu phi tuyn hoc ng cong P-Y i vi
ct v t st c pht trin mt cch thc nghim t cc cuc th nghim cht ti ti hin trng.
Cc yu t chung ca bn phn tch API trong trng hp ct c minh ha trong Hnh 2. Di
nhng ti trng ln, mt vng ph hu b ng pht trin gn u cc. Cc d liu th nghim ch ra
rng gii hn bn,pu, i vi ti trng ngang tng ng vi vng ca u cc, yu, khong 3d/80,
y d l ng knh cc. Lu l phn ln sc khng theo phng ngang tp trung bn trn vi su
khong 5d. Phng php API cng cho thy s thoi ha trong bn chng lc ngang vi trng ti
tun hon, mc d trong trng hp ct bo ho, s thoi ha nu trn khng phn nh s gia tng p
sut nc ln l rng. S gim bn chng lc ngang do ng t gy ra, s gia tng p lc nc
hng trng t do trong ct bo ho c miu t bi Finn v Martin (1979). Mt phng php s
cho php s dng ng cong P.Y. ARL tnh cc c trng cng cc hnh thnh bc c bn cho
chng trnh my tnh BMCOL76 c m t bi Bogard v Matlock (1977)

Ti tng ngang

Bin dng

M men un

Vng b
ng

environment.

P
ng

Pu Tnh

Ti trng tnh

Chu k yu ca ti

Tnh lc
Chu k yu - chiu su 20m

S thoi ha ph hp kt cu sau khi xem xt li vng

b ng sau mt vi chu k hm s ca su n 40m.

Hnh A10.2-2 - Ti trng ngang ca cc trong ct - s dng tiu chun API

Tiu chun thit k cu

490

S nh hng ca hot ng nhm ln cng cc i khi l ch gy tranh ci. Cc gii php da

trn l thuyt n hi c th l gy hiu nhm v cong xut hin gn u cc. Dn chng thc
nghim cho thy rng tc dng ca nhm l khng ng k i vi cc c khong cch trng ln hn
4d ti 6d.
i vi h thng cc xin, s tnh ton cng cc theo phng ngang c t hp bi cng ca
cc cc chu nn v chu ko dc trc. Vic tha nhn bin dng un trong nhm cc xin c th to
thnh phn lc cao trn u cc cng l mt vn quan trng.
Nn nh rng cho d cc xin c kinh t khi chu ti trng ngang, nhng nu gc nghing theo phng
ngang qu nhn th ch gy lc dc trc. Do , s thay i ngang tng i rng ca vng bn bao
quanh do hn c th xut hin trong khi p ng ng t kiu trng t do ti hin trng ( c bit
nu nhng thay i ln trong cng ca t xut hin sut di ca cc), v nhng thay i tng
i ny c th gy ra cc momen un cc cao. V l do ny, cc h thng cc ng do hn c kin
ngh nhng ch m ti trng ngang gy ra un gn u cc. Tuy nhin, cc h thng cc nh vy phi
c thit k cc mm v nhng chuyn v ngang ln c th cn thit chng li ti trng ngang. Mt
bn thit k c tnh n s dng cc xin t nhng khong cch nht nh c th mang li mt h
thng c li v thch ng gii hn v tnh kinh t chu lc dc trc do lc ngang gy ra .
S tng tc gia cc v t - Vic s dng c im cng ca cc xc nh momen un ca
cc ni c ng t da trn phng php tip cn tnh hc hnh thc cho thy rng cc momen sinh
ra ch do cc ti trng ngang t cc tc dng qun tnh ca kt cu cu. Tuy nhin phi nh rng ti
trng qun tnh c sinh ra t s tng tc ca di chuyn t, nu ng t trng t do vi cc cc v
s t dch chuyn trng t do c th nh hng n momen un. iu ny c minh ho chi tit
Hnh 3. Lch s thi gian dch chuyn ng t trng t do cung cp d liu cho cc s liu u vo
ca bn chng lc ngang ca cc phn t mt phn cch truyn xung cc. Gn u cc momen
un b nh hng ca cc ti trng tng tc ngang sinh ra do tc dng qun tnh ln kt cu cu. Ti
mt su ln hn (v d su hn 10d), ti y cng ca t tng dn ln cng vi cng ca cc,
cc s lin kt bin dng ging nh trng t do, v momen un ca cc tr thnh mt hm s ca
cong do s dch chuyn ca trng t do.

Hnh A10.2-3- C ch tng tc gia cc v t trong khi c ti trng ng t

491

Tiu chun thit k cu

Hnh 4 minh ho c tnh dch chuyn ca trng t do, hnh ny miu t mt ct t khng dnh su
61m ca trn ng t El Centro. p ng ca trng t do c xc nh bng cch s dng phn tch
p ng n chiu phi tuyn. T cc mt ct dch chuyn ch ra trong nhng thi gian c bit, c th
c tnh c cong v momen un ca cc nu gi s rng cc b lin kt dch chuyn cng vi
p ng ca trng t do.

su

Dch chuyn

Hnh A10.2-4- Mt ct tiu biu ca dch chuyn do ng t

cong ln c th tng ln ti cc mt phn cch gia cc lp t yu v t cng. Trong nhng
trng hp nh vy, cn phi dng cc do d un. Margason (1979) cho rng ng t mnh c th
sinh ra cong ln n 2,36 x 10-5 mm, nhng khng c vn g i vi cc thp thit k tt hay cc
b tng d ng lc.
Nhng vn nghin cu kt hp vi h thng tng tc kt cu cc t thon thin, nh gii thiu
Hnh 3, c Penzien trnh by cho h thng cc cu tng t su (1970). Matlock (1978) trnh
by mt nghin cu tng t nh vy nhng vi mt h thng kt cu cc n gin hn (SPASM) so
vi nghin cu ca Penzien. Nh vy mu c s dng l mt phin bn nng ng ca chng trnh
BMCOL cp trn.

Tiu chun thit k cu

492

A.10.3. Nhng yu cu c bit v cc

Nhng iu khng th d bo c i vi cc tnh cht p ng ca t nn v cu i hi s dng cc
h thng nn mng c dung sai. Di cong v lc ct sinh ra cn phi c di, v v vy cc cc
nh cc cc thp mt ct H v cc b tng bc v thp thch hp cc khu vc c kh nng xy ra a
chn cao. Nhng cc b tng khng ct thp thng b gy gin trong t nhin, do vy cn xc nh r
s gia c theo chiu di trn qui c gim mc / kh nng ri ro ny. Ct thp chu lc nn c
ko di vo tn mng kt hp vi ct ai v gip cho vic chuyn ti t cc sang mi cc.
Kinh nghim cho thy l nhng cc b tng ct thp thng c xu hng b un cong hay mi cc b v
vn ngay lp tc. Do vy, ta nn gim khong cch ct i ti khu vc ny b tng c chu lc tt
hn. Cc b tng c ly tm cn c ch to vi s lng ct ai xon c ng k m bo tt sc
bn ca mt ct v kh nng chu ng ca nhng cong b on xung di tc ng ca t v s
p ng ca kt cu. Hin nhin, iu nhm m bo rng cc cc khng di ct nn v s un
cong mm do trong cc ct bt buc xy ra trn phn ct nn. Nhng yu cu thm v thit k cc tp
trung vo cc cc dnh cho nhng cu c phn loi Khu vc 3, ni m ti trng ng t thng
xy ra, phn nh trit l trong thit k nhm mc ch gim thiu nhng thit hi di lng t m
khng d dng pht hin c trn ng t ln k tip.
Cc ti liu tham kho
Vin du m M. Gii thiu ng dng v vic lp k hoch, thit k, xy dng dn khoan c nh ngoi
khi. RP2A.1979
Bogard, D., v H. Matlock Chng trnh my tnh dng cho vic phn tch cc ct dm di ti trng
ngang v ti trng trc. Trong hi tho k thut ngoi khi 1977.
Castro, G. S ho lng v tnh lu ng tun hon ca ct bo ho Tp san ca Phng k thut a
cht. ASCE, Tp/ quyn 101, S GT6, 1975.
Davission, M.T v H.L.Gill Cc cc chu ti ngang trong h thng t phn tng. Tp ch ca Phng
c hc t v nn mng. ASCE, Tp/ quyn 89, s SM5, 1960.
Dezfulian, H., v S.R. Prager. Vic s dng s lin xuyn tnh thm nh / nh gi kh nng ca
s ho lng. Trong hi ngh ln th hai v vi m ho. 1978.
Ferritto, J.M., v J.B. Forest. Xc nh kh nng ho lng ca t ng t ti cc cng trng cu.
Vn phng nghin cu v pht trin, FHWA, Cc giao thng M, Washington, 1977.
Finn, W.D.L., K.W. Lee, v G. R. Martin. Mu ng sut tc ng n s ho lng. Tp ch ca Phng
k thut a cht. ASCE, Tp 102, S GT6, 1977.

Tiu chun thit k cu

493

Finn, W. D. L., v G. R. Martin. Thit k ng t Cc dn khoan trn ct, Bi pht biu cho hi
ngh chuyn v ng lc hc t trong mi trng bin, Hi ngh ma xun ASCE, Boston, 1979.
Finn, W. D. L., G. R. Martin, v M. K. W. L. So snh phn tch ng lc hc v ct bo ho. Trong
hi ngh v ng t v ng lc hc t. 1978.
Margoson, E. nh hng ca ng t i vi mng cc ng. Hi tho v K thut hin hnh v
thit k v ng cc, Tng cng ty ng cc, San Francisco, 1977.
Martin, Geoffrey R. Nghin cu thit k a chn cho mng cu v kh nng ho lng ca t cng
trng. Hi tho v cc vn a chn lin quan n cu. Hi ng cng ngh ng dng. Berkeley,
1979.
Martin, P.P., v H. B. Seed. Qui trnh n gin ho v phn tch ng sut tc ng ln p ng ca nn t.
Tp ch ca Phng k thut a cht. ASCE, Tp 105, S GT6, 1979, pp. 739-958.
Matlock, H., v L. C. Reese. Gii php chung cho cc chu ti trng ngang. Tp ch ca Phng thi
cng mng v c hc ca t. ASCE, Tp 89, S SM5, 1960.
Matlock, Hudson, Stephen H. C. Fook, v Lino Cheang. M phng s lm vic ca cc ngang di ti
trng ng t. Hi ngh v ng t ASCE v ng lc hc t. 1978.
Penzien, J. S tng tc ca mng cc t. Trong K thut thi cng ng t. R. L. Wiegel, ed.
Prentice Hall, Inc., 1970.
Poulos, H. G. S lm vic ca cc ti trng ngang I - Cc n. Tp ch v c hc t v mng ASCE,
Tp 97, S SM5, 1971.
Seed, H. B. S ho lng t v nh gi s chuyn ng tun hon ca vng mt t bng trong qu trnh
ng t, Tp ch ca Phng k thut a cht. ASCE, Tp 105, No. GT2, 1979.
Seed, H, B. v I. M. Idriss. Quy trnh n gin ho cch nh gi kh nng ho lng t. Tp ch ca
Phng c hc t v mng. ASCE, Tp 97, S SM9, 1971.
Seed, H. B., I. Arango, v C. K. Chan. nh gi kh nng ho lng ca t trong qu trnh ng t.
Bo co s EERC 75-28. Trung tm nghin cu k thut thi cng chng ng t. Trng i hc
California, Berkeley, 1975.
Taylor, P. W., v R. L. Williams. Nn mng cho cc kt cu thit k. Tp san ca T chc x hi
quc gia New Zealand v k thut thi cng chng ng t. Tp 12, S 2, 1979.
Youd, T.L., v D. M. Perkins. Kh nng h hng ca t do ho lng. Tp ch ca Phng k thut a
cht ASCE, Tp 102, S GT6, 1977.

Tiu chun thit k cu

494

Phn 11- M, tr v tng chn

11.1. Phm vi
Chng ny quy nh cc yu cu thit k m v tng. Cc tng c xem xt gm: Cc tng chn
thng thng, cc tng c neo, cc tng t c gia c c hc (MSE) v cc tng ch to sn theo
m un.
11.2. Cc nh ngha
M - Kt cu dng u cui nhp cu v lm b ngang cho vt liu p ng b nm k ngay
st cu.
Tng c neo - Kt cu thuc h tng chn t in hnh, gm cc b phn ging nh cc tng hng
khng trng lc v to ra sc khng bn ph thm t mt hng hoc nhiu hng neo.
Tng t gia c c hc- H chn t, s dng cc ct gia cng chu ko dng di hoc li bng
kim loi hoc plime t trong trong khi t v mt cu kin mt t thng ng hoc gn nh thng
ng.
Tng hng khng trng lc ( Nongravity Cantilever Wall)- H tng chn t, to ra sc khng
bn qua s chn su cc b phn ca tng thng ng v t b chn bng cc cu kin mt. Cc b
phn tng thng ng c th gm cc cu kin ring r v d nh cc cc, ging chm, cc cc khoan
hoc cc cc khoan nhi c ni vi nhau bng tng mt kt cu, v d nh np cch nhit, panen
hoc b tng phun. Mt cch khc l cc b phn tng thng ng v tng mt c th l lin tc, v
d tm panen tng ngn, cc cc hoc cc cc khoan t tip tuyn vi nhau.
Tr- Phn ca kt cu cu, gia kt cu phn trn v ni vi mng.
Tng c cc mo un ch sn - H thng chn t dng cc khi btng c chn t bn trong hat
kt cu thp chu p lc t, c tc dng ging tng trng lc.
Tng chn trng lc cng v bn trng lc- Kt cu lc ngang do khi t sinh ra v n nh
ca n ch yu c c l do trng lng bn thn v do trng lng ca bt k loi t no t trc
tip trn y tng.
Trong thc tin, c th s dng cc loi tng chn trng lc cng v bn trng lc khc nhau. Chng
gm c:

Tng trng lc : n nh ca tng trng lc ph thuc hon ton vo trng lng ca khi
xy, hoc khi b tng v ca bt k loi t no t trn khi xy. Ch c mt s lng thp danh
nh c t gn cc mt ph ra phng s nt trn b mt do cc thay i nhit gy ra.

Tng bn trng lc mnh hn tng trng lc mt cht v yu cu tng cng bng cc thanh
ct thp thng ng t dc theo mt pha trong v cc cht a vo trong h mng. Tng c b
tr ct thp nhit st mt ph ra.

Tiu chun thit k cu

495

Tng hng gm mt thn tng b tng v mt bn y b tng, c hai u tng i mng v

c b tr ct thp y chu momen v lc ct.

Tng chng gm bn mt tng b tng mng, thng thng t thng ng c chng bi cc

bn hoc thanh chng u, t cch qung mt bn trong v thng gc vi bn tng mt. C
hai bn tng mt v thanh chng c ni vi bn y v khong trng pha trn bn y v gia
cc thanh chng c lp bng t. Tt c cc bn u c t ct thp y .

Tng ch to sn theo mun - Gm cc n nguyn kt cu ring l c lp t ti ch trong

mt dy cc l trng khng c y gi cc ci. Cc ci ny c nhi t v n nh ca chng
khng ch ph thuc vo trng lng ca cc n nguyn v t lp chng, m cn ph thuc vo
c cng ca t dng lp. Bn thn cc n nguyn c th bng b tng ct thp hoc kim
loi ch to.

11.3. K hiu
Ab
Am
AReffi
as

=
=
=
=

B
=
B
=
b
=
bi
=
C0
=
D60/D10 =
d
Ec
En
es
e
Fr
fd
f*
H
Hm
H1
H2
hi

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

i
k
ka
k0
L
Lei
l

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

din tch b mt ca ct thp ngang chu (ng knh nhn vi chiu di) (mm2) (11.9.5.3)
h s gia tc ln nht ca tng ti trng tm (11.9.6)
din tch ct gia cng theo chiu thng ng (mm2/mm) (11.9.6.2)
tng din tch b mt ca ct gia cng( nh v y) ngoi mt phng ph hoi, tr i
bt k b dy tn tht no (mm2) (11.9.5.3)
b rng mng tng chn (mm) (11.9.7)
b rng hu hiu ca mng tng chn (mm)
b rng ca m un thng (mm) (11.10.4.1)
b rrng ct gia cng i vi lp i (mm) (11.9.6.2)
cng nn dc trc ca (MPa) (11.5.6)
h s ng u ca t c nh ngha theo t s ca 60% trng lng c ht lt qua mt
sng trn 10% trng lng c ht t lt qua mt sng
t p pha trn tng (mm) (11.9.7)
b dy ct gia cng kim loi ti cui tui th s dng (mm) (11.9.8.1)
b dy danh nh ca ct gia cng bng thp khi thi cng (mm) (11.9.8.1)
b dy tn tht ca kim loi, d kin b n mn ng u trong tui th s dng (mm) (11.9.81)
lch tm ca ti trng tnh t ng tim mng (mm) (C 11.9.4.2)
thnh phn ma st ca hp lc trn y mng (N/mm) (11.6.3.1)
h s sc khng i vi trt trc tip ca ct gia cng (11.9.5.3)
h s ma st b ngoi ca ti mi lp ct gia cng (11.9.5.3)
chiu cao tng (mm) (C119.5.1.4)
lc qun tnh ng tng ln ti cao i (N/mm ca kt cu) (11.9.6.2)
chiu cao tng ng ca tng (mm) (11.9.5.2.2)
chiu cao hu hiu ca tng (mm) (11.9.6.1)
chiu cao ca vng t c gia c ng gp vo ti trng nm ngang ti ct gia cng ti
cao i (mm) (11.9.5.2.1)
nghing ca mi t pha sau mt tng () (11.9.5.2.2)
h s p lc t (11.9.5.2.2)
h s p lc t ch ng (11.9.4)
h s p lc t khi ngh (11.9.5.2.2)
khong cch gia cc b phn thng ng hoc cc tm mt (mm); (11.8.5.2)
chiu di ct gia cng hu hiu i vi lp i (mm) (11.9.6.2)
chiu di tm li ngoi mt phng ph hoi (mm) (11.9.5.3)

Tiu chun thit k cu

Is
Mmax
N
Ncorr
Np
n
Pa
PAE
Pb
Pi
PIR
Pfg
Pfs
Ph
PIR
PIS
Pv
p

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

Qa
qmax
Rn
RR
SHi
SPT
T1
T5

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

w
x
y
Z
Yp
Ys

f
H
Hmax
v
v1
v2

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

496

ch s cng ti trng im (MPa) (11.5.6)

m men un ln nht trong b phn tng hoc tng mt (N-mm hoc N mm/mm) (11.8.5.2)
thnh phn php tuyn ca hp lc ln y mng (N/mm) (11.6.3.1)
s nht m SPT hiu chnh ca lp ph (s nht/300mm) ( 11.8.4.2)
h s khng b ng (11.9.5.3)
s cu kin chu lc ngang sau mt phng ph hoi (11.9.5.3)
hp lc ca p lc t ch ng ngang (N/mm) (11.6.3.1)
lc y ng nm ngang (N/mm) (11.9.6.1)
p lc bn trong m un thng (MPa) (11.10.4)
lc nm ngang trn mm tng c truyn ti ct gia cng t ti cao i (N/mm) (11.9.5.2.1)
lc qun tnh ngang (N/mm) (11.9.6.1)
kh nng chu lc nh c tng ln bi sc khng b ng trn li (N) (11.9.5.3)
kh nng chu lc nh ca di bng (N) (11.9.5.3)
thnh phn nm ngang ca p lc ngang ca t (N/mm) (11.6.3.1)
lc qun tnh ngang (N/mm) (11.9.6.1)
lc qun tnh bn trong (N/mm) (11.9.6.2)
thnh phn thng ng ca p lc ngang ca t (N/mm) (11.6.3.1)
p lc ngang trung bnh, bao gm p lc t, p lc gia ti v p lc nc tc ng ln mt
ct tng ang c xem xt (MPa) (11.8.5.2)
sc khng n v cc hn ca neo (N/mm) (11.8.4.2)
p lc n v ln nht ca t trn y mng (MPa) (11.6.3.1)
sc khng danh nh (11.5.4)
sc khng tnh ton (11.5.4)
khong cch ct gia cng ngang i vi lp i (mm) ( 11.9.6.2)
th nghim xuyn tiu chun (11.8.4.2)
lc ko ca ct gia cng trng thi gii hn (N) (119.5.1.3)
ti trng ko m ti bin dng trong ct gia cng plyme t trong t vt qu 5%
(N) (11.9.5.1.3)
b rng tm li (mm) (11.9.5.3)
khong cch gia cc im cu kin thng ng (mm) (11.8.5.2)
khong cch trn y mng ti v tr ca Ph (mm) (11.6.3.1)
chiu su di nh tng hu hiu hoc t ct gia cng (mm) (11.9.5.3)
h s ti trng i vi p lc t trong bng 3.4.1.2 (11.9.5.2.2)
t trng t (kg/m3) (11.9.5.3)
gc ma st gi mt tng v t p pha sau () (C11.10.1)
gc ma st ct gia cng t () (11.9.5.3)
h s sc khng (11.5.4)
gc ni ma st ca t t mng () (11.9.5.2.2)
ln ca p lc ngang do gia ti (MPa) (11.9.5.2.1)
ng sut lnnht ca ct gia cng t trong vng m (11.9.7)
ng sut thng ng trong t (MPa) (11.9.5.2.2)
ng sut thng ng ca t (MPa) (11.9.7)
ng sut thng ng ca t do ti trng trn b mng (MPa) (11.9.7)

11.4. Cc tnh cht ca t v vt liu

11.4.1. Tng qut
Khi c th cc loi vt liu dng p nn thuc dng c ht v thot nc t do. Khi s dng cc loi
t st p, phi b tr thot nc ng sau tng gim p lc thu tnh.

Tiu chun thit k cu

497

11.4.2. Xc nh cc tnh cht ca t

Phi p dng quy nh ca iu 2.4 v 10.4
11.5. Cc trng thi gii hn v h s sc khng
11.5.1. Tng qut
Vic thit k cc m, tr v tng phi tho mn cc tiu chun dng cho trng thi gii hn s dng
quy nh trong iu 11.5.2 v trng thi gii hn cng quy nh trong iu 11.5.3
11.5.2. Cc trng thi gii hn s dng
Phi nghin cu s chuyn dch qu mc trng thi gii hn s dng i vi cc m, tr v tng.
11.5.3. Trng thi gii hn cng
Phi nghin cu thit k cc m v tng theo trng thi gii hn cng bng cch dng phng
trnh 1.3.2.1-1 i vi:

S ph hoi sc khng ,

trt ngang,

Tn tht qu mc ca tip xc y,

mt n nh chung,

S ph hoi do ko tut ca cc neo hoc ca cc ct gia cng t v

Ph hoi kt cu.

11.5.4. Yu cu v sc khng
Cc m tr v kt cu chn, cc mng ca chng v cc cu kin khc phi c nh kch thc
bng cc phng php thch hp c quy nh trong cc iu 11.6, 11.7, 11.8, 11.9 hoc 11.10 sao
cho sc khng ca chng tho mn iu 11.5.5
Sc khng tnh ton RR c tnh cho mi trng thi gii hn c th p dng c phi l sc khng
danh nh Rn nhn v h s sc khng thch hp , c quy nh trong bng 11.5.6-1
11.5.5. Cc t hp ti trng v h s ti trng
Cc m, kt cu chn v mng ca chng, cc cu kin khc phi cn xng vi tt c cc t hp ti
trng quy nh trong iu 3.4.1
11.5.6. Cc h s sc khng
Cc h s sc khng dng cho thit k a k thut i vi mng c quy nh trong cc Bng t
10.5.4-1 ti 10.5.4-3 v Bng 1, trong :

Cc h s i vi mm c th dng cho c c trng theo cng nn n trc C0 nh

hn 7,0 MPa hoc ch s cng ti trng im ls nh hn 0,30 MPa.

Cc h s dng cho cc tng vnh cu c th p dng cho cc tng c tui th s dng quy nh
ln hn 36 thng, cc tung trong mi trng xm thc ln, hoc cc tng m hu qu do ph
hoi l nghim trng .

Cc h s dng cho cc tng tm thi c th s dng c cho cc tng c tui th s dng quy
nh nh hn hoc bng 36 thng. Khng p dng vo trong mi trng xm thc v hu qu do
ph hoi l khng nghim trng.

498

Tiu chun thit k cu

Cc cu kin thng ng, nh l cc cc chng, cc tip tuyn v tng b tng t trong rnh o
c va qunh phi c x l hoc theo mng nng, hoc theo mng su, khi thch hp c tnh
sc khng dng cc phng php c m t trong cc Phn 10.6, 10.7 v 10.8.

Nu dng cc phng php khc vi cc phng php c cho trong cc Bng 10.5.4-1 n 10.5.4-3
v Bng 1 c tnh kh nng chu lc ca t, cc h s lm vic c chn phi c cng tin cy
nh vi cc h s cho trong cc bng ny
Bng 11.5.6-1- Cc h s sc khng dng cho tng chn
Loi tng v trng thi

H s sc khng

Cc tng neo
Sc khng ca cc cu kin thng ng
Chng lt

Sc khng b ng ca cc cu kin thng ng

trong t
trong
Sc khng nh ca neo
Ct
Tng quan vi sc khng SPT c hiu chnh cho
p lc lp ph cc th nghim ti trng nh
Cc th nghim ti trng nh
St
Tng quan vi cng nn n hng.
Dng cng ct t th nghim trong phng
Dng cng ct t th nghim hin trng
Cc th nghim ti trng nh

Ch lin quan ti loi
Dng sc khng ct nh nht o trong phng- ch vi
mm
Th nghim dnh kt - va trong phng
Th nghim ti trng nh

Sc khng ko
ca neo

0,60
0,60

0,65
0,70
0,65
0,65
0,65
0,70
0,55
0,60
0,75
0,80

Thng xuyn
Chy do ca mt ct nguyn
t gim ca mt ct thc
Tm thi
Chy do ca mt ct nguyn
t gy ca mt ct thc

Kh nmg un
ca cu kin
thng ng

p dng
Chng 10.5

Thng xuyn
Tm thi

0,90
0,75
1,00
0,85
0,90
1,00

Cc tng t gia c c hc
Sc khng

p dng Chng 10.5

Trt

p dng Chng 10.5

499

Tiu chun thit k cu

Loi tng v trng thi

Cc tng neo
Sc khng ca cc cu kin thng ng

H s sc khng
p dng
Chng 10.5

Ct gia cng kiu di bng

Chy do ca mt ct nguyn tr i phn din tch
tn tht
Sc khng ko
ca ct gia
cng bng kim
loi

Ph hoi ca mt ct thc tr i din tch tn tht.

Ct gia cng kiu li
Chy do ca mt ct nguyn tr i din tch tn
tht
Ph hoi ca mt ct thc tr i din tch tn tht
Cc mi ni
Chy do ca mt ct nguyn tr i phn din tch
tn tht.
Ph hoi ca mt ct thc tr i din tch tn tht

Sc khng ko
ca ct gia
cng polyme
trong trng thi
gii hn cng

T kt qu th nghim t bin trong phng trong

khong thi gian t nht l 10.000 gi.
T kt qu th nghim ko mu c b rng ln - ASTM D 4595
Polyetylen
Polypopylen
polyester
polyamin
Polyetylen t trng cao

Sc khng ca
ct gia cng
polymer trong
trng thi gii
hn s dng

T kt qu th nghim t bin trong phng trong khong

thi gian t nht l 10.000 gi.
T cng chu ko trng thi gii hn 4b

Sc khng nh cc hn ca t

0,85
0,70
0,75
0,60
0,75
0,60
0,27
Cc hn ng vi 5%
s bin dng
0,05 - 0,08
0,05 - 0,08
0,11 - 0,16
0,09 - 0,14
0,09 - 0,14
0,41
0,66
0,90

Cc tng lp ghp t cc m un
Sc khng

p dng chng 10.5

Chng trt

p dng chng 10.5

p lc b ng

p dng chng 10.5

11.5.7. Trng thi gii hn c bit

Phi nghin cu vic p dng cc t hp ti trng quy nh trong bng 3.4.1-1. Tt c cc h s sc
khng u phi ly l 1,0 khi nghin cu trng thi gii hn c bit tr khi c quy nh khc.
11.6. Cc m v tng chn thng thng
11.6.1. Cc xem xt chung

11.6.1.1. Ti trng
Cc m v tng chn phi c nghin cu i vi:

Tiu chun thit k cu

500

Cc p lc ngang i vi t v nc, bao gm bt k s gia ti ca hat ti v tnh ti.

Trng lng bn thn ca tng.

Cc tc ng bin dng nhit v co ngt v

Cc ti trng ng t theo nh quy nh y, trong chng 3 v cc ch khc trong B Tiu

chun ny.

Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 3.11.5. i vi cc tnh ton v n nh, cc ti trng t phi

c nhn vi cc h s ti trng ln nht v/hoc nh nht cho trong Bng 3.4.1-2 khi thch hp.

11.6.1.2. Cc m lin khi.

Cc m lin khi phi c thit k chu v hp th cc bin dng t bin, co ngt v nhit ca kt
cu phn trn.

11.6.1.3. Cc tc ng ca ti trng ln m
Trng lng ca vt liu p trc tip trn mt nghing hoc mt pha sau c bc, hoc trn y ca
mng m rng b tng ct thp c th c xem xt nh l phn trng lng hu hiu ca m khi tnh
cc tc ng ti trng vo m.
Khi dng cc mng m rng , on nh ra v pha sau phi thit k nh l mt dm hng c bi
thn m v c cht ti vi ton b trng lng ca vt liu t pha trn, tr khi p dng mt phng
php chnh xc hn.

11.6.1.4. Cc tng bn cnh v tng hng

Cc tng bn cnh c th c thit k lin khi vi cc m, hoc ng tch ring, phn cch vi
tng m bi mt khe co gin.
Chiu di tng bn cnh phi c tnh ton theo mi dc yu cu ca ng b. Cc tng bn cnh
phi c chiu di chn nn p ng b v bo v chng xi mn.
Thn ca tng hng phi c thit k theo s dm hng ngm y tng.

11.6.1.5. Cc khe co gin

Phi xem xt cc bin php to iu kin cho s co v gin ca cc tng b tng.
11.6.2. Chuyn v trng thi gii hn s dng
11.6.2.1. M
Phi p dng cc quy nh ca cc iu 10.6.2.2.3, 10.7.2.3 v 10.8.2.3 khi thch hp.

501

Tiu chun thit k cu

11.6.2.2. Tng chn thng thng

Cc tiu chun i vi chuyn v c th chp nhn c cho cc tung chn phi c ra da trn
chc nng v loi hnh tng tui th d kin v cc hu qu ca cc chuyn v khng th chp nhn
c.
Phi p dng cc quy nh ca cc iu 10.6.2.2, 10.7.2.2 v 10.8.2.2 khi thch hp.
11.6.3. Sc khng v n nh trng thi gii hn cng
11.6.3.1. Tng qut
Cc m v tng chn phi c nh kch thc m bo n nh chng ph hoi kh nng chu
lc , lt v trt. Khi tung c bi mng t trn t st cng phi nghin cu, an ton
chng ph hoi mng t su. Hnh 1 ti Hnh 3 ch ra cc tiu chun n nh cho cc tng chng mt
s dng ph hoi khc nhau. Khi p lc nm ngang ca t c tnh theo l thuyt Culng, v khi p
lc nm ngang ca t khng tc ng trc tip ln pha sau tng, phi xt ti thnh phn thng ng
ca ti trng tc ng ln mt phng thng ng, t mp mng tng ko ln pha trn.

c dng kim tra sc khng

Sc khng tnh ton

Chiu rng
C hiu

Ti
Ti trng
trng t
t

Tiu chun n nh

Hnh 11.6.3.1-1- Ti trng t v tiu chun n nh i vi tng dng t st lp pha sau

tng lp hoc trong mng (ti liu ca Duncan v cc tc gi khc 1990).

502

Tiu chun thit k cu

Ti trng t

(b) Cc lc trn mt phng thng

ng i qua mp tng

(a) Cc lc trn tng

Dng kim tra sc khng

Tiu chun n nh

Sc khng tnh ton

Chiu rng
C hiu

Hnh 10.6.3.1-2- Ti trng t v tiu chun n inh i vi cc tng c t lp

dng ht v cc mng trn ct v si cui (Duncan 1990)

Chiu rng
C hiu

Dng kim tra sc khng

Sc khng tnh ton

Ti trng t

Tiu chun n nh

Hnh 11.6.3.1.3- Ti trng t v tiu chun n nh i vi cc tng c t lp

dng ht v cc mng t trn , (Duncan 1990).

Tiu chun thit k cu

503

11.6.3.2. Sc khng
Phi nghin cu sc khng theo trng thi gii hn cng bng cch gi nh s phn b p lc
t nh sau:

Nu my tng t trn t: Mt p lc phn b u ln trn din tch y hu hiu, nh th hin

trong cc Hnh 11.6.3.1-1 v 11.6.3.1-2.

Nu mng tng t trn : Mt p lc phn b thay i tuyn tnh trn din tch y hu hiu,
nh th hin Hnh 11.6.3.1-3

11.6.3.3. lt
Vi cc mng t trn t, v tr hp lc ca cc phn lc phi nm bn trong khong na gia ca y.
Vi cc mng t trn , v tr hp lc ca phn lc phi nm bn trong khong ba phn t ca y.

11.6.3.4. n nh chung
n nh chung ca tng chn, mi dc c chn v mng t trn t hoc phi c nh gi
i vi tt c cc tng bng cch dng phng php phn tch cn bng gii hn. C th c yu cu
thm d c bit, th nghim v phn tch i vi cc m cu hoc cc tng chn thi cng pha trn
cc lp trm tch mm.

11.6.3.5. Xi mn pha di b mt
Phi nh gi s xi mn cc vt liu di mng trong khi thit k cc tng xy dng dc theo cc
con sng v sui nh quy nh trong iu 2.6.4.4.2. Khi tin liu cc iu kin c vn c th xy ra,
th phi a vo thit k cc bin php bo v y .
Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 10.6.1.2 dc thu lc khng c vt qu:

Vi t bn v t dnh : 0,20

Vi cc loi t khng dnh khc : 0,30

Khi c nc d di tng, phi xem xt cc tc ng ca cc lc y ni v d r i vi cc p lc

ch ng v b ng ca t.

11.6.3.6. Sc khng b ng
Sc khng b ng phi c b qua khi tnh ton v n nh, tr khi y tng ko su di chiu su
xi ln nht, hoc cc chiu su xo trn khc. Ch trong trng hp sau, chiu su chn thp hn s
ln hn ca cc su ny c th c xem l hu hiu.
Khi sc khng b ng c s dng m bo y n nh ca tng, th sc khng b ng
tnh ton ca t pha trc cc m v cc tng phi ngn nga s chuyn dch v pha trc
khng th chp nhn c ca tng.

Tiu chun thit k cu

504

Sc khng b ng cn b qua nu t to ra p lc b ng l loi mm, ri rc hoc b xo trn, hoc

nu s tip xc gia t v tng l khng cht.

11.6.3.7. trt
Phi p dng quy nh ca iu 10.6.3.3.
11.6.4. An ton chng ph hoi kt cu
Thit k kt cu cc cu kin ring bit ca tng v cc mng tng phi tun theo cc quy nh ca
cc Phn 5 v 6.
Phi dng cc quy nh ca iu 10.6.3.1.5 xc nh s phn b ca p lc tip xc khi thit k kt
cu cc mng.
11.6.5. Quy nh v thit k ng t
Phi nghin cu tc ng ca ng t bng cch s dng trng thi gii hn c bit ca Bng 3.4.1-1
vi h s sc khng = 1,0 v mt phng php c chp nhn. Quy nh ny ch nn p dng cho
cc cu nhiu nhp.
i vi mng trn t, v tr hp lc ca cc phn lc phi t khong gia 0,4 ca mng.
i vi mng trn , v tr hp lc ca cc phn lc phi t khong gia 0.6 ca mng.
11.6.6.Thot nc
t lp sau cc m v cc tng chn phi c thot nc hoc nu khng b tr thot nc c th
m v tng phi thit k theo cc ti trng sinh ra do p lc t, cng vi ton b p lc thu tnh do
nc trong khi t p.
11.7. Tr.
Cc tr phi c thit k truyn cc ti trng ca kt cu phn trn v cc ti trng ca bn thn tr
xung nn mng. Cc ti trng v t hp ti trng phi theo quy nh trong Phn 3.
Thit k kt cu tr phi theo ng cc quy nh ca cc Phn 5 v 6 khi thch hp.
11.8. Tng c neo
11.8.1 Tng qut
Cc tng c neo, th hin Hnh 1, c th xt chng tm thi v vnh cu cho cc khi t
n nh v khng n nh.
Tnh kh thi ca vic dng tng c neo ti ni c bit nn c da trn s ph hp ca cc iu kin
t pha di b mt trong vng to ng sut neo dnh kt.
Khi p t sau tng, p xung quanh hoc trn chiu di khng dnh kt, phi quy nh cc iu
kin thit k v thi cng c bit trnh lm h hi neo.

505

Tiu chun thit k cu

Chiu cao thit k ( H)

ng ghen
Va phun

B phn
neo tng

S cn thit

neo

Lp ph gia ti theo

Tm
u neo

Tng (b phn
thng ng vi
mt thi cng)
nghing neo
theo s cn thit

Chiu su chn cu
kin thng ng

Mt t hon thin

Va xi mng yu

Hnh 11.8.1-1- Thut ng tng c neo v Hng dn chiu su chn neo

11.8.2. Ti trng
Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 11.8.1.1 tr cc tc ng co ngt v nhit khng cn xt.
11.8.3. Chuyn v trng thi gii hn s dng .
Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 10.6.2,10,7.2 v 10.8.2.
Phi xt ti cc nh hng ca chuyn dch ca tng ln cc thit b k bn khi trin khai p lc t
thit k ph hp cc quy nh ca iu 3.11.5.6.
11.8.4. An ton chng ph hoi t
11.8.4.1. Sc khng
Phi p dng cc quy nh ca cc iu 10.6.3. 10.7.3 v 10.8.3.
Phi xc nh cc ti trng ti y cc cu kin tng thng ng vi gi nh l ton b cc thnh
phn thng ng ca ti trng c truyn ti y cc cu kin. Ma st bn ca cc cu kin tng
khng c a vo tnh ton chu cc ti trng thng ng.

11.8.4.2. Kh nng chu lc nh ca neo

Phi thit k cc neo d ng lc chng li s nh theo chiu di dnh kt trong t hoc . Sc
khng ca cc neo thn ct thng t trong cc l ng knh nh dng p lc va thp, c th c
da trn cc kt qu th nghim ti trng nh ca neo, hoc c tnh bng cch dng cc Bng 1 v 2,
khi cc tr s SPT c chnh l theo cc p lc gia ti.

506

Tiu chun thit k cu

C th yu cu th nghim ti ch xc nh cc tr s thit k thch hp i vi cc loi neo v cc

trnh t lp t khc.
Bng 11.8.4.2-1- Sc khng n v cc hn ca cc neo t trong t.

Loi t
Ct v cui si

Ct

cht hoc sc khng

SPT
Ri

4-10

Sc khng ca neo
Qa(N/mm)
145

Trung bnh

10-30

220

Cht

30-50

290

Ri

4-10

100

Trung bnh

10-30

145

Cht

30-50

190

Ct v

Ri

4-10

75

Bn st

Trung bnh

10-30

100

Cht

30-50

130

Loi t

Cng chu nn n
hng (MPa)

Sc khng ca neo
Qa(N/mm)

Hn hp

Cng

0,10-0,24

30

St-bn

Rn

0,24-0,38

60

Bng 11.8.4-2- Sc khng n v cc hn ca neo trong

Loi

Sc khng n v
cc hn ca neo
Qa(N/mm)

Grant hoc badan

730

vi lmt

585

vi mm/sa thch

440

phin v dip thch cng

365

Dip thch mm

145

Ti trng ca neo phi c trin khai theo chiu su chn thch hp ngoi mt ph hoi nguy him
trong khi t b chn.
Vic xc nh chiu di neo khng dnh kt, nghing v lp ph qu ti xt theo:

V tr ca b mt ph hoi xa nht tnh t tng.

Chiu di nh nht yu cu m bo tn tht nh nht ca ng sut neo do cc chuyn v di hn

ca t.

Chiu di ti lp t t neo, nh th hin trong Hnh 11.8.1-1 v

Phng php t neo v phun va.

Tiu chun thit k cu

507

Khong cch cc neo theo hng nm ngang nh nht nn l s ln hn 3 ln ng knh vng dnh kt
hoc 1500mm. Nu khong cch nh hn c yu cu trin khai ti trng yu cu, c th xem xt
cho neo c cc nghing khc nhau.

11.8.4.3. n nh chung
Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 11.6.3.4.

11.8.4.4. Sc khng b ng
Phi p dng cc quy nh ca cc iu 11.6.3.6 v 11.6.3.7
11.8.5. An ton chng ph hoi kt cu
11.8.5.1. Neo
Phi tnh ton thnh phn nm ngang ca lc neo bng cch s dng cc s phn b p lc t quy nh
trong iu 3.11 v bt k cc thnh phn p lc nm ngang khc tc ng ln tng. Lc neo tng
cng phi c xc nh theo nghing neo. Khong cch nm ngang ca neo v kh nng chu lc
ca neo phi c la chn t c lc neo tng cng yu cu.

11.8.5.2. Cc cu kin ca tng thng ng

Cc b phn ring l ca tng thng ng phi c thit k chng li ton b p lc t nm
ngang, gia ti. p lc nc, cc ti trng neo v ng t, cng nh thnh phn thng ng ca cc ti
trng neo v bt k ti trng thng ng no khc. Cc im nm ngang c th c coi l ti mi
v tr neo v ti y h o nu cu kin thng ng c chn su di y h o.

11.8.5.3. Tng mt
Khong cch ln nht gia cc b phn ring l ca tng thng ng phi c xc nh da trn
cng tng i ca cc cu kin thng ng v tng mt, loi v trng thi t c . Tng mt c
th c thit k theo gi nh n gin gi cc cu kin , c hoc khng c vm t, hoc gi nh
c lin tc qua vi neo.
11.8.6. Quy nh v thit k ng t
Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 11.6.5.
11.8.7. Bo v chng n mn
Cc neo v u neo hud ng lc phi c bo v chng n mn tu theo cc iu kin ca t v
nc ngm ti ch. Mc v phm vi bo v chng n mn l hm s ca mi trng t v cc hu
qu c th xy ra khi neo b ph hoi. Bo v chng n mn phi c p dng ng cc quy nh ca
Tiu chun Thi cng, Phn 806-. Cc neo t.
11.8.8. To ng sut v th nghim neo
Tt c cc neo sn xut phi chu th ti v to ng sut theo ng quy nh ca Tiu chun Thi cng
AASHTO- LRFD, iu 6.5.5. Th nghim v to ng sut. C th quy nh th nghim ti trng trc
khi sn xut khi gp cc iu kin khng bnh thng, kim tra s an ton i vi ti trng thit k,
hoc thit lp ti trng neo cc hn hoc ti trng xy ra t bin thi qu.

Tiu chun thit k cu

508

11.8.9. Thot nc
S d r phi c kim sot bng lp t h thng thot nc pha sau tng vi cc l ra y hoc
gn y tng. Cc panen thot nc phi c thit k v cu to duy tr cc c trng thot nc
theo cc p lc t thit k v cc ti trng gia ti v phi ko di t y tng ti mc 300mm di
nh tng.
11.9. Tng t n nh bng c hc.(MSE)
11.9.1 Tng qut
Cc tng MSE c th c xem xt ni cc tng trng lc thng thng, tng hng hoc tng
chn c tr chng b tng c xem xt, v c bit ni m tng ln v chnh ln c lng
trc.
Khng dng tng MSE trong cc iu kin sau y:

Khi cc thit b tin ch khc ngoi thit b thot nc ca ng b c xy dng bn trong

vng c gia c.

Khi s xi mn do l hoc xi c th lm yu vng p gia c, hoc b bt k, hoc

Vi cc ct gia cng bng kim loi mt ph ra trong nc mt hoc nc ngm b nhim bn do

thot nc ca m axit hoc cc nhim cng nghip khc th hin qua pH thp, chlorit v
sulfat cao.

Kch thc ca khi t gia c phi xc nh trn c s ca:

Cc yu cu v n nh v cng a k thut nh quy nh trong iu 11.9.4 i vi tng

trng lc;

Cc yu cu i vi sc khng kt cu pha trong bn thn khi t gia c, nh quy nh trong iu

11.9.5, i vi cc n nguyn panen v i vi s tng thm s gia cng ra ngoi vng ph hoi
gi nh, v

Cc yu cu truyn thng i vi chiu di gia cng khng nh hn 70% chiu cao tng, hoc
2400mm nh quy nh trong iu 11.9.5.1.4.

11.9.2. Ti trng
Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 11.6.1.1, tr cc tc ng co ngt v nhit khng cn xt.
11.9.3. Chuyn v trng thi gii hn s dng.
Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 11.6.2 khi thch hp.
Vi cc h thng c din tch panen nh hn 2,8x106 mm2 v b rng ni ln nht l 19mm, mi dc
ln nht do chnh ln tnh ton phi ly theo s cho trong Bng 1.
Khi cc iu kin ca mng cho thy c cc chnh ln ln trn khong cch ngang ngn, th phi b
tr khp trt thng ng trn ton b chiu cao.

509

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 11.9.3-1- Quan h gia chiu rng mi ni v cong vnh

gii hn ca mt tng MSE
Chiu rng mi ni
(mm)
19

cong vnh thng ng

gii hn

12,7
6,4

1/100
1/200
1/300

11.9.4. An ton chng ph hoi ca t

Phi nh gi an ton chng ph hoi ca t theo gi nh khi t c gia c l vt th cng. H
s p lc t ch ng Ka dng tnh p lc t ca t lp no trn mt sau ca khi t gia c
phi c xc nh bng cch dng gc ma st ca t lp . Khi khng c cc s liu c th c th
dng gc ma st ln nht l 300.

11.9.4.1. trt.
Phi dng cc quy nh ca iu 10.6.3.3.
H s ma st trt ti y ca khi t gia c phi xc nh bng cch dng gc ma st ca t mng.
Khi khng c cc s liu c th, c th dng gc ma st ln nht l 300.

11.9.4.2. Sc khng
tnh kh nng chu v cng , phi gi nh mt b mng tng ng c chiu di l chiu
di ca tng v chiu rng l chiu di ca di ct gia cng ti cao y mng. Phi tnh cc p lc
bng cch dng s phn b p lc ng u y trn chiu rng hu hiu ca mng xc nh ph
hp vi quy nh ca cc iu 10.6.3.1 v 10.6.3.2.

11.9.4.3. lt
Phi thc hin cc quy nh ca iu 11.6.3.3.

11.9.4.4. n nh chung.
Phi thc hin cc quy nh ca iu 11.6.3.4.
11.9.5. An ton chng ph hoi kt cu
11.9.5.1. Kch thc kt cu
11.9.5.1.1. Tng qut
S tnh ton s b kch thc kt cu ca khi t gia c c th thc hin da trn ct gia cng chng
lc ko ra ngoi vng ph hoi , trong sc khng ko ra c quy nh trong iu 11.9.5.3

Tiu chun thit k cu

510

11.9.5.1.2. Ct gia cng bng thp trong t

Cc cu kin ca li ct gia cng phi c cng kch thc theo chiu ngang v chiu dc.
Lc nm ngang dng thit k cc lin kt vi panen c th ly khng nh hn 85% ca lc tnh ton
ln nht, xc nh theo quy nh trong iu 11.9.5.2.2 hoc 11.9.5.2.3,, ngoi tr phn na di kt
cu phi ly bng 100% lc tnh ton ln nht.
11.9.5.1.3. Ct gia cng bng plime trong t
Tnh nng ng sut-bin dng- thi gian di hn ca ct gia cng phi c xc nh t cc kt qu
th nghim t bin khng ch tin hnh trong phng th nghim trong thi gian t nht l 10.000 h vi
mt phm vi cc mc ti trng trn cc mu th ca sn phm hon thin theo ng ASTM-D 5262.
Cc mu th phi c th nghim theo phng m ti trng s c t. Cc kt qu th nghim c
th c ngoi suy theo tui th thit k yu cu bng cch s dng theo cc trnh t vch ra trong
ASTM D2837.
Cng chu ko ca ct gia cng phi l s nh hn ca:

T1 - Mc ti trng cao nht ti t l bin dng t bin- log thi gian tip tc gim theo thi
gian trong phm vi tui th yu cu v khng xy ra ph hoi gin hoc do, hoc

T5- Mc chu ko m ti tng bin dng d kin khng vt qu 5% trong thi gian tui th
thit k.

Cc tc ng ca s lo ho, s ph by ra chia tc ng ho hc v sinh hc, s nt do ng sut

mi trng, chng ng sut, s thu phn v cc thay i trong qu trnh sn xut, cng nh cc tc
ng h hi do thi cng phi c nh gi v ngoi suy ti tui th thit k yu cu.
11.9.5.1.4. Chiu di nh nht ca ct gia cng t
i vi c hai loi ct gia cng di v li, chiu di ct gia cng t nh nht nn c ly theo
s ln hn ca 70% chiu cao tng o t lp m san bng hoc 2400mm. Chiu di gia cng phi
c tng ln i vi cc gia ti v cc ti trng bn ngoi khc.
Chiu di ct gia cng phi ng nht trn sut chiu cao ca tng, tr khi c chng c xc ng ch
ra s thay i chiu di l hp l.
11.9.5.1.5. Chiu su chn tng mt trc nh nht
Tr phi xy dng trn nn , chiu su chn ti mt trc ca tng theo mm khng c nh hn:

Tr s quy nh trong Bng 1, trong H l chiu cao kt cu bn trn nh lp m san bng

theo mm.

Chiu su da trn yu cu n nh pha ngoi; v

600mm.

511

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 11.9.5.1.5-1- Chiu su chn tng mt trc nh nht

Mi dc pha trc kt cu
Nm ngang

Chiu su chn
nh nht

i vi tng

H/20,0

Vi m

H/10,0

3,0H : 1,0V

Tng

H/10,0

2,0H : 1,0V

Tng

H/7,0

1,5H ; 1,0V

Tng

H/5,0

Phi b tr trn mi dc mt trc tng mt bc thm nm ngang (h o) rng t nht l 1200mm.

11.9.5.1.6. Panen
Cc tm panen phi c thit k chu lc nm ngang trong ct gia cng t ti ct gia cng ti
ch lin kt panen nh quy nh trong cc iu 11.9.5.1.2 v 11.9.5.2. Lc ko trong ct gia cng c
th coi nh chu p lc t phn b u trn phn sau ca panen.
Chiu dy nh nht ca panen ti v trong vng ln cn ca cc lin kt chn su phi l 140mm v
bng 90mm cc ch khc. Lp bo v b tng ti thiu phi l 38mm. Phi b tr ct thp chu cc
iu kin ti trng trung bnh i vi tng panen. Thp chu nhit v co ngt phi c ly theo quy
nh trong iu 5.10.8. Ct thp c sn ph poxy phi c xem xt ni d kin c cht n
mn mnh.

11.9.5.2. n nh bn trong
11.9.5.2.1. Tng qut
Cc tng MSE phi c nh gi i vi s ph hoi bn trong do cc ct gia cng b trt hoc b
t. Lc nm ngang tnh ton tc ng ln ct gia cng ti cao ct gia cng bt k Pi phi l:
Pi = H . hi

(11.9.5.2.1-1)

trong :
hi

chiu cao vng ct gia c ng gp vo ti trng nm ngang ti ct gia cng cao i

c xc nh nh l khong cch thng ng t im gi ca lp i v lp tip theo nm
pha trn ti im gi ca lp i v lp tip theo nm pha di (mm).

ng sut nm ngang tnh ton ta lp th i, c xc nh ph hp vi iu 11.9.5.2.2 hoc

iu 11.9.5.2.3 (MPa).

512

Tiu chun thit k cu

11.9.5.2.2. Cc ct gia cng khng gin di

n nh bn trong ca kt cu c thi cng vi cc ct gia cng lm bng cc di hoc li kim
loi phi c phn tch bng cch xem xt l vng c gia c ti ch b chia thnh hai vng, vng
ch ng v vng khng.
B mt ph hoi phi c gi nh nh c quy nh Hnh 1.
ng sut nm ngang tnh ton H ti mi cao ct gia cng phi l :
H = YP V k

(11.9.5.2.2-1)

trong :
YP

h s ti trng i vi p lc t trong Bn;g 3.4.1.2;

h s p lc nm ngang c cho di;

p lc sinh ra do cc lc thng ng ca hp lc ti cao ct gia cng ang c nh

gi, c xc nh bng cch s dng s phn b p lc ng u trn chiu rng hu hiu
(L- 2e) nh quy nh trong iu 10.6.3.1.5 (MPa).

ng sut hu hiu thng ng, v , ti mi cao ca ct gia cng phi c xem xt s cn bng cc
b ca tt c cc lc ti ch cao ;
Cc kt cu phi c thit k bng cch dng k = ko ti H1 trn nh lp m san bng v gim tuyn
tnh ti k = ka ti chiu su 6000mm nh c ch r trong Hnh 1. Phi dng k = ka di chiu su
6000mm. Cc h s ka v ko phi c gi nh l cng tn ti, khng k ti cc iu kin t ti bn
ngoi. Cc tr s ca ka v ko phi c ly t iu 3.11.5.7 vi t c ly nh l gc ma st ca vng
t c gia c. Mt khc, cc ng sut nm ngang ti mi cao gia cng c th c tnh bng
cch dng cc quan im v cng kt cu.
Gc ma st ti a c dng xc nh lc nm ngang bn trong vng t gia c phi ly bng 340,
tr khi t lp chn lc cho d n c th nghim vi cng ma st bng cc phng php th
nghim 3 trc hoc ct trc tip tng ng vi ASTM D 2850 v AASHTO T236 (ASTM D 3080). Cc
hot ti phi c t tng xng vi hiu ng lc cc hn trong vng vt l c th i vi hot ti.
Phi dng cc quy nh ca iu 3.11.6

513

Tiu chun thit k cu

Vng ch ng

Vng sc khng
Chiu di ko ra hu hiu

Mt phng ph hoi
c kh nng
Ct gia cng t

Chiu di ko ra hu hiu

H1 = H +

tan i x 3 H
(1 3 tan i )

Hnh 11.9.5.2.2-1- Xc nh mt phng ph hoi v cc h s p lc t ca tng MSE

c ct gia cng khng gin di

11.9.5.2.3. Cc ct gia cng c th gin di.

n nh bn trong i vi cc kt cu c thi cng vi cc ct gia cng plime phi c phn
tch bng cch dng phng php lun ca phng php gn ng chm ging pha sau. Mt phng ph
hoi c th c ga nh theo nh ngha vng p lc t ch ng Rankin ly theo ng thng i qua
chn tng v to gc 450 + f/2 so vi ng nm ngang, cho c hai trng hp t lp nm ngang v
t lp c mi dc. S phn b p lc Rankin c th xc nh theo quy nh trong iu 3.11.5.7.
Cc ct gia cng phi c thit k chng li cc p lc thu tnh v p lc ch ng trn panen
sinh ra t tt c cc ti trng thng ng c p dng.
Gi tr ca ka trong khi t gia c phi c gi nh l c lp vi tt c cc ti trng bn ngoi, tr
t p dc nghing. Phi dng quy nh ca iu 11.9.5.2 i vi gc ma st ln nht.
Khi cc th nghim ring ti ch c tin hnh, cng t phi c nh gi theo cc mc ng
sut d.

514

Tiu chun thit k cu

11.9.5.3. Cc thng s thit k chu lc nh

Sc khng nh phi c nghin cu ti mi cao . Ch c chiu di nh hu hiu ko di ra xa cc
mt ph hoi l thuyt mi c s dng trong vic nghin cu ny.
Chiu di nh nht trong vng khng phi ly bng 900mm. Chiu di ct gia cng ti tt c cc cao
phi ly nh nhau. Chiu di tng cng ti thiu phi l 2400mm.
Kh nng chu lc nh cc hn ca cc di ct thp trn hoc c gn phi c ly nh sau:Phn 11M, tr v tng chn
Pfs = gf*YsZAs x 10-9

(11.9.5.3-1)

trong :
g

gia tc trng trng (m/s2)

f*

h s ma st biu kin ti mi cao ct gia cng.

AS

tng din tch b mt ct gia cng nh v y dc theo chiu di nh hu hiu

ngoi mt phng ph hoi quy nh trong Hnh 1 tr i bt k chiu dy tn tht
no (mm);

chiu su bn di nh tng hu hiu hoc ti ct gia cng (mm);

Ys

t trng t cha nhn h s (kg/m3);

Khi khng c cc s liu th nghim v lc nh i vi cc di ct thp c gn trong cc vt liu lp

ph hp vi Tiu chun Thi cng Phn 807, phi ly mt tr s h s ma st biu kin ln nht f* bng
2,0 hoc nh hn ti cao mt t, v c th gi nh gim tuyn tnh ti mt tr s bng vi tgf , ti
chiu su 6000mm, trong f l gc ma st ca t lp bn trong khi gia c.
i vi cc di ct thp trn, h s ma st biu kin phi l hng s ti tt c cc chiu su v c th
ly theo;
f* = tg 0,4

(11.9.5.3-2)

trong :

gc ma st ct gia cng-t ().

i vi h ct thp li c thanh ngang t cch nhau 150mm hoc ln hn, quan h tng qut i
vi kh nng nh cc hn c ly nh sau:
Pfg = gNpYsZnAb x 10-9

(11.9.5.3-3 )

trong :
g

gia tc trng trng (m/s2);

Np

h s sc khng b ng c ly hoc theo cc th nghim nh ring cho t lp hoc

thay cho cc s liu th nghim nh vy, ly theo chiu su nh quy nh Hnh 1;

Ys

t trng t khng c h s (kg/m3);

515

Tiu chun thit k cu

chiu su bn di nh tng hu hiu hoc ti ct gia cng (mm);

h s cu kin ngang pha sau mt phng ph hoi;

Ab

din tch b mt ca ct gia cng ngang chu tr i bt k chiu dy tn tht no ca

cc thanh t ngang( ng knh nhn vi chiu di) (mm2);

Chiu su ti ct gia cng theo mm x 1000

Chiu su ti ct gia cng theo mm x 1000

Np - h s sc khng b ng

Ghi ch: c gi tr i vi
t lp c gc f
ti thiu bng 34o

Hnh 11.9.5.3.1- Cc h s nh i vi ct gia cng li v mng li khng gin di.

i vi ct gia cng li thp c khong cch nh hn 150mm kh nng chu lc nh Pfg phi c
ly theo :
Pfg = 2 g w l Ys Z fd tan f x 10-9

(11.9.5.3-4)

trong :
g

gia tc trng trng (m/s2);

chiu rng tm li (mm);

chiu di tm li xa mt phng ph hoi (mm);

Ys

t trng ca t khng h s (kg/m3);

chiu su di nh tng hu hiu hoc ti ct gia cng (mm);

fd

h s sc khng i vi trt trc tip ca ct gia cng;

gc ni ma st ca vng t gia c ().

Tr s fd c th gi nh thay i t 0,45 i vi cc tm lin tc ti 0,80 i vi cc tm thanh c

khong cch ngang 150mm. Cc h s ca fd phi c xc nh bng thc nghim i vi mi kch
thc li.
i vi ct gia cng plime, c th p dng phng trnh 4 khi fd c tng trong khong ng sut
thng thng ph hp vi Phng php th nghim GG-5 ca Vin Nghin cu vt liu a tng hp.
H s fd nhn c theo thc nghim c th b gii hn bi ti trng chu ko trong trng thi gii hn
T1 i vi sn phm quy nh trong iu 11.9.5.1.3.

516

Tiu chun thit k cu

11.9.6. Quy nh v thit k ng t

11.9.6.1. n nh bn ngoi
Vic xc nh n nh phi c thc hin bng cch xt ti cc lc tnh, lc qun tnh nm ngang
PIR v 50% lc y ng nm ngang PAE. Lc y ng nm ngang PAE phi c nh gi bng cch
s dng phng php gi tnh hc Mononabe-Okabe v phi tc ng vo b mt pha sau ca khi p
gia c ti chiu cao 0,6H tnh t y v lc qun tnh nm ngang vo gia chiu cao ca kt cu. Cc
tr s PAE v PIR i vi cc kt cu lp t ngang c th dc xc nh nh sau:
Am = (1,45-A)A

(11.9.6.1-1)

PAE = 0,375Am g Ys H2x 10-9

(11.9.6.1-2)

PIR = 0,5Am g Ys H2 x 10-9

(11.9.6.1-3)

trong :
A

gia tc ng t ln nht;

Am

h s gia tc ln nht ca tng ti trng tm.

gia tc trng trng (m/s2);

Ys

t trng t (kg/m3);

chiu cao tng (mm).

i vi cc kt cu c t lp mt dc nghing, lc qun tnh PIR phi c da trn khi lng hu

hiu c chiu cao H2 v chiu rng y bng 0,5H2.
H2 c xc nh nh sau:

H2 = H +

0,5H tan(i )
(1 0,5H tan(i ))

(11.9.6.1-4)

trong :
i

mi dc t lp ();

Lc qun tnh phi c tnh ti tc ng ng thi vi mt na lc y ng nm ngang PAE, c tnh

theo phng php gi tnh hc Mononabe-Okabe v tc ng vo 0,60H2, trn y b mt pha sau ca
khi hu hiu.

11.9.6.2. n nh bn trong
Ct gia cng phi c thit k chu cc lc nm ngang pht sinh bi lc qun tnh bn trong, Pis v
cc lc tnh. Tng lc qun tnh Pis trn n v chiu di. Kt cu phi c xem l bng vi khi lng
ca vng ch ng nhn vi h s gia tc ln nht ca tng Am. Lc qun tnh ny phi c phn b
ti cc ct gia cng t l vi din tch chu lc ca chng nh sau:

517

Tiu chun thit k cu

A
Re ffi
H m = Pis

A Re ffi

(11.9.6.2-1)

vi:

A Re ffi =

b' i L ei
S Hi

(11.9.6.2-2)

trong :
Hm

s tng ca lc qun tnh ng ti cao i (N/mm) ca kt cu.

Pis

chiu rng ct gia cng i vi lp th i (mm).

bi

chiu rng ct gia cng i vi lp th i (mm)

Lei

chiu di ct gia cng hu hiu i vi lp th i (mm).

SH i

khong cch ct gia cng ngang i vi lp th i (mm)

Vi cc iu kin ti trng ng t,cc tr s ca cc h s sc khng c th p dng c vi f*, Np

v fd, quy nh trong iu 11.9.5.3 nn c gim ti 80% ca cc tr s quy nh trong iu 11.5.6.
11.9.7. M kiu c neo ( m kiu MSE)
Cc b mng m cu phi c kch thc cn xng p ng cc tiu chun v trt v lt quy
nh trong cc iu 11.9.4.1 v 11.9.4.3 tng ng v cc p lc ng u ln nht bng cch s
dng mt chiu rng hu hiu (L - 2e) ca mng nh quy nh trong iu 10.6.3.1.5.
Tng MSE di b mng m phi c thit k theo cc ti trng b sung do p lc b mng v cc
p lc t ph thuc do cc ti trng ngang ti gi cu v t tng pha sau. Ti trng t trn b mng
c th c gi nh l phn b u qua chiu rng hu hiu ca mng (L - 2e) ti y b mng v
c truyn theo chiu su dc 2:1 (V:H). Cc ti trng nm ngang ph thm c th c t vo
nh l cc lc ct dc theo y b mng, gim ng u theo chiu su ti mt im trn mt tng
bng 2 ln chiu rng hu hiu ca b mng.
Lc nm ngang tnh ton tc ng ln ct gia cng ti bt k cao ct gia cng no Pi phi c
ly theo:
Pi =

Hmax

hi

(11.9.7-1)

trong :
Hmax =
hi

ng sut nm ngang tnh ton ti lp i, theo nh ngha trong Phng trnh 2(MPa).
chiu cao ca khi t c gia c gp vo ti trng nmg ngang i vi ct gia cng ti
cao i, tnh theo khong cch thng ng t im gia lp th i v lp nm trn tip theo
ti im gia lp i v lp nm di tip theo (mm).

518

Tiu chun thit k cu

Cc ng sut nm ngang trong khi m c gia c phi c xc nh theo s chng ln nhau nh sau
v theo quy nh trong Hnh 1
Hmax = YP(V1 k + V2 ka + H )

(11.9.7-2)

trong :
YP

h s ti trng i vi p lc t trong Bng 3.4.1-2

ln ca p lc ngang do gia ti (MPa).

V1

ng sut thng ng ca t (MPa).

V2

ng sut thng ng ca t do ti trng ca b mng (MPa).

h s p lc t thay i gia ko v ka theo quy nh trong Hnh 11.9.5.2.2-1.

ko

h s p lc t khi ngh c quy nh trong iu 3.11.5.7.

ka

h s p lc t ch ng c quy nh trong iu 3.11.5.7.

Chiu di hu hiu ca ct gia cng dng cho cc tnh ton n nh bn trong phn di b mng m
phi l s nh hn ca chiu di cch xa u cui b mng hoc chiu di cch xa mt khong cch
tnh t mt ng bng vi 30% ca (H+d), trong H v d c ly nh trong Hnh 1.
Khong cch nh nht t tim gi trn m ti mp ngoi ca tng mt phi l 1000mm. Khong
cch nh gia mt sau panen v b mng phi l 150mm.
Phi p dng cc quy nh trong iu 10.6.2.2.
Vi cc kt cu ca cc m cu, lc nm ngang ln nht phi c s dng thit k lin kt gi
panen v ct gia cng trn sut chiu cao kt cu.
T trng, chiu di v mt ct ngang ca ct gia cng t c thit k tng m phi c thc
hin trn cc tng bn bn cnh vi khong cch nm ngang nh nht bng 50% chiu cao ca tng
m.
Vi cc m c bng cc, cc lc nm ngang truyn ti cc cc do kh nng chu lc ngang ca
cc chu bng cch b tr cc ct gia cng ph ging m cc vo trong khi t hoc dng cc cc
xin, tng mt phi c tch ra khi cc ti trng ngang gn vi un ngang ca cc. Phi b tr
mt khong cch ti thiu 450mm gia mt tng v cc. Cc cc phi oc quy nh ng trc khi
thi cng tng v c ng bc qua nn p khi cn thit.
S cn bng ca h nn c kim tra ti mi cao ct gia cng pha di gi cu. Do cc p lc
gn ch ni vi panen tng i ln; s y v kh nng chu lc cc hn ca cc ch ni panen nn
c xc nh bng ch tin hnh cc thc nghim un nh trn panen c kch thc tht.

519

Tiu chun thit k cu

Cc ti trng t

Cc ti trng ca b mng

(gia ti)

S phn b ti
trng thng
ng ca cu
t
Cu
Cu
Vi e = lch tm

Vi e = lch tm (M v ti tim b mng)

Cc Ti trng ph

ph

Hnh 11.9.7-1- Cc ng sut nm ngang m

11.9.8. Cc xem xt v tui th thit k.

11.9.8.1. Ct gia cng bng thp
Vic thit k cc ct gia cng bng thp m trong t v cc ch ni phi c thc hin trn c s
chiu dy Ec nh sau:
E c = En - E s

(11.9.8.1-1)

trong :
Ec

chiu d ca ct gia cng kim loi ti thi Im ht tui th s dng (mm).

En

chiu dy danh nh ca ct gia cng thp khi thi cng (mm).

Es

chiu dy tn tht ca kim loi d kin b mt bi s n mn ng u trong tui th s

dng kt cu (mm).

520

Tiu chun thit k cu

i vi vic thit k kt cu, dy tn tht phi c d tnh cho mi b mt l ra nh sau:

Tn tht lp m

Tn tht thp cc bon

0,015 mm/nm cho 2 nm u tin.

0,004 mm/nm cho cc nm tip theo.

0,012mm/nm khi mt ht lp km m.

Cc lp ph chng n mn khc, nu c quy nh, phi s dng loi sn tnh in, sn keo poxy vi
cc chiu dy ph nh nht 0,40mm ph hp vi cc yu cu ca AASHTO M284M.

11.9.8.2. Ct gia cng bng plime

Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 11.9.5.1.3
11.9.9. Thot nc
Phi xem xt cc bin php thot nc pha trong i vi ton b cc kt cu phng s bo ho ca
t lp gia c v ngn chn cc dng nc mt bt k cha cc cht xm thc.
Cc tng MSE trong cc khu vc o v cc ch p bn sn i c cc mc nc ngm c
thit lp phi c thi cng vi cc lp tiu nc pha sau v pha di vng gia c.
11.9.10. Xi mn di b mt
Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 11.6.3.5
11.9.11. Cc iu kin t ti c bit
Trong thit k, cc ti trng tp trung thng ng c th gi nh phn b u theo chiu su ca khi
t gia c bng cch s dng gc phn b bng 2 theo chiu ng v bng 1,0 theo chiu nm ngang.
Phi xem xt cc ti trng xe theo quy nh ca iu 3.11.6.2.
i vi cc kt cu b tr dc theo cc con sng hoc sui, p lc thu tnh chnh nh nht l 900mm
phi c xem xt khi thit k. Ti trng ny phi c t mc nc cao. Phi s dng trng lng
n v hu hiu trong cc tnh ton v n nh bn trong v bn ngoi bng cch bt u t cc cao
ngay di s tc dng ca p lc chnh thu tnh.
Cc lan can v hng ro chn xe phi tho mn yu cu th nghim va chm nh c quy nh trong
Phn 13.
11.10. Cc tng ch to sn theo m un
H thng tng ch to sn theo m un c th xt dng ni no c xem xt s dng cc tng trng
lc thng thng, tng hng hoc cc tng chn b tng c thanh chng .
H tng ch to sn theo m un khng c dng trong cc iu kin sau y:

Trn ng cong c bn knh nh hn 240 000 mm, tr khi ng cong c th c thay bi cc

ng cong chuyn tip.

Tiu chun thit k cu

521

Cc h m-un bng thp c dng khi nc ngm hoc nc chy trn mt nhim a- xt.

11.10.1. Ti trng
Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 11.6.1.1, tr khi cc tc ng co ngt v nhit khng cn phi
xem xt. Khi ng sau cc m-un ch to sn hnh thnh mt mt phng khng u, mt phng git
cp, p lc t phi c tnh ton theo b mt phng ko t pha trn gc ng sau ca m un nh
ti gt sau thp hn ca m-un y.
Tr s ka dng tnh lc y ngang sinh ra do t lp bt k v cc ti trng khc pha sau tng phi
c tnh ton da trn gc ma st ca t lp, pha sau m-un. Nu khi lng t lp kt cu c
dng p ng sau cc m-un ch to sn l y , gc ma st f c th ly bng 340. Trong trng
hp thiu cc s liu c th, phi dng gc ma st ln nht l 300.
11.10.2. Chuyn v trng thi gii hn s dng
Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 11.6.2 khi thch hp.
ln chnh dc tnh ton dc theo mt tng phi c dc nh hn 1/200
11.10.3. An ton chng ph hoi t
1.10.3.1. Tng qut.
i vi s n nh lt v trt, h thng phi c gi nh chu tc ng nh l mt vt th cng. Phi
xc nh n nh ti mi cao m-un.
Phi b qua cc p lc b ng trong cc tnh ton v n nh, tr khi y tng ko di xung di
chiu su xi ln nht, chiu su tan bng hoc ri lon khc. Ring i vi trng hp ny, s ln hn
ca cc su ny c th c xt cho sc khng b ng hu hiu.

11.10.3.2. trt
Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 10.6.3.3.
Trong cc tnh ton v n nh trt c th xem l s ma st gi khi p v t nn v s ma st
gi cc m un y hoc mng v t nn l hu hiu qu trong vic chng trt. H s ma st
trt gia khi p l t v t nn ti y mng phi l s nh hn ca f ca khi t p v f ca
t nn. H s ma st trt gi cc m-un y hoc mng v t nn ti y tng phi c
gim bt theo s cn thit xt ti cc vng tip xc phng nhn.
Khi thiu cc s liu c th, f phi dng gc ma st ln nht l 300.

Tiu chun thit k cu

Hnh 11.10.3.2-1- Cc b mt p lc lin tc ca tng ch to sn theo m-un

522

Tiu chun thit k cu

Hnh 11.10.3.2-2- Cc b mt p lc khng u ca tng ch to sn theo m un.

11.10.3.3. Sc khng
Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 10.6.3.

523

524

Tiu chun thit k cu

Sc khng phi c tnh ton bng cch gi nh l cc ti trng tnh v cc ti trng p lc t

c bi im trn n v chiu di ti pha sau v trc ca m-un hoc ti cc chn y, t
nht l 80% trng lng t bn trong cc m-un phi c xt c truyn ti cc im gi pha
trc v pha sau. Phi xt tt c trng lng t bn trong cc m-un nu cc iu kin nn mng yu
cu mt b mng theo tng din tch m-un.

11.10.3.4. lt.
Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 11.6.3.3.
Ti a l 80% ca khi lp bng t pha trong cc m-un l hu hiu trong vic chng li cc m
men lt

11.10.3.5. S xi mn di b mt
Tng loi thng c th dng ch trong vng nhy cm vi xi ch khi no c h s chng minh l
thch hp v tho mn yu cu ca Ch u t.

11.10.3.6. n nh chung.
Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 11.6.3.4.

11.10.3.7. Sc khng b ng v trt.

Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 10.6.3.3 v 10.6.3.6 khi thch hp.
11.10.4. An ton chng ph hoI kt cu
Cc n nguyn m un ch to sn phi c thit k vi cc p lc t tnh ton pha sau tng v
vi cc p lc t tnh ton tng thm bn trong cc m-un. Cc b mt sau phi c thit k cho c
cc p lc t tnh ton tng thm bn trong cc m-un trong khi thi cng v s chnh lch gia cc p
lc t tnh ton pha sau v bn trong cc m-un sau khi thi cng. Cc yu cu v cng v ct
thp i vi cc m un b tng phi theo ng Phn 5.
Cc yu cu v cng i vi cc m-un thp phi ph hp vi Phn 6. Mt ct thc dng thit
k phI c gim bt theo iu 11.9.8.1..
Cc p lc thng tnh ton phi l nh nhau i vi mi m-un v khng c nh hn:
Pb = g YYsbx10-9
trong :
Pb

p lc tnh ton pha trong m-dun thng (MPa)

gia tc trng trng (m/s2);

Ys

t trng t (kg/ m3);

h s ti trng quy nh trong Bng 3.4.1.2;

chiu rng ca m-un thng (mm).

(11.10.4-1)

Tiu chun thit k cu

525

Cc ct thp phi c b tr i xng trn c hai mt, tr khi bo m nhn bit ng mi mt ngn
nga o ngc cc n nguyn. Cc gc phi c tng cng y .
11.10.5. M
Cc b m thi cng trn cc n nguyn mun phI c thit k bng cch xt ti p lc t v
cc p lc nm ngang ph thm t dm b m v cc p lc t trn tng sau. M un nh phi
c nh kch thc n nh di tc ng t hp ca p lc t thng thng v ph thm. B
rng ti thiu ca m un trn cng phi l 1800mm. ng tim gi phi c t cch mt pha
ngoi ca m un trn cng ch to sn t nht l 600mm..
B dm m phi c bi m-un trn cng, v c Iin n. B dy mt trc ca m-un trn cng
phi c thit k chu cc lc un do cc p lc t ph gy ra. Cc ti trng trn dm b m phI
c truyn ti cao mng v phi c xt ti khi thit k mng.
Phi p dng cc quy nh v ln chnh lch ra trong iu 11.9.3.
11.10.6. Thot nc
Trong cc vng o v p bn sn i, cc n nguyn m-un ch to sn phi c thit k vi
mt rnh lin tc di b mt t ti, hoc gn cao mng v c ca thot theo yu cu. Trong cc
vng o hc p bn sn i c cc mc nc ngm xc nh c hoc c kh nng pht sinh
trn cao mng, phi b tr mt lp thot nc lin tc v ni vi h thng rnh thot dc.
i vi cc h thng c cc mt trc h th phi b tr mt h thng thot nc mt trn nh tng.

Tiu chun thit k cu

526

Phn 12 - Kt cu vi v o hm
12.1. Phm vi
Phn ny quy nh cc yu cu la chn cc c trng v kch c cc kt cu vi nh cng v bn
thp dng chng khi o hm trong t.
H thng kt cu vi c xem xt y l: ng kim loi, ng bng kt cu bn, kt cu bn c khu
ln, kt cu hp bn, ng b tng ct thp, vm b tng ct thp c ti ch v c sn, kt cu hp
v e lp, ng bng nha do nng.
Loi bn o hm c xem xt l cc pa nen thp un ngui.
12.2. Cc nh ngha
Bo mn - Phn mt ct hoc lp ph ca cng b mt i do tc ng c hc ca nc truyn ti trng
lng l lng ca ct, si v cc ht c si cui tc cao vi s chy ri ng k.
Kt cu vi - Thut ng chung ch kt cu c xy dng bng phng php p nn hoc o ho.
S n mn, g - Phn mt ct v lp ph ca kt cu vi b mt i do cac qu trnh ho hc v/hoc
in-ho hc.
Cng - Mt kt cu vi hnh cong hoc hnh ch nht thot nc, xe c, trang thit b hoc ngi i b.
(FEM) - Phng php phn t hu hn
Chiu rng ca ho hp - Khu bn ngoi ca ng cng cng 300 mm.
T l chiu - T l v c ly thng ng gia nh pha ngoi ca ng v mt t hoc mt mng vi
chiu cao thng ng ca mp ngoi ca ng, ch p dng cho ng b tng ct thp.
Lp bc bng t - Vng t c lp li mt cch c kim tra xung quanh kt cu cng m bo
s lm vic cn thit da trn nhng xem xt v s tng tc t - kt cu.
H tng tc t - kt cu - Kt cu vi c thuc tnh kt cu b nh hng bi s tng tc vi lp
bc bng t.
Hm - Khong trng nm ngang hoc gn nh nm ngang trong t c o theo hnh thit k
trc bng phng php tuy nen, khng bao gm phng php ct-v-ph. (o ho).
12.3. Cc k hiu
A

din tch tng (mm2/mm); hng s ph thuc vo hnh dng ca ng (12.7.2.3)

AL

tng ti trng trc trong mt nhm trc(KIP); tng ti trng trc trn mt trc n hay
trc i (N) (12.9.4.2) (12.9.4.3).

Tiu chun thit k cu

527

Asmax

din tch ct thp chu un ti a khng k ct ai (mm2/mm) (12.10.4.2.4c)

AT
Avr

=
=

Avs
Bc
B c
Bd
BFE
BFLL
CA
Cc
Cd
Cdt
CH
CII

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

CN
Cs
C1

=
=
=

C2

din tch ca phn trn cng ca kt cu nm trn ng chn vm (mm2) (12.8.4.2)

din tch ct thp ai chu lc ko hng tm trn b rng mt ct mi hng
ct ai trn c ly chu vi S (mm2/mm) (12.10.4.2.6)
din tch ct ai yu cu cho ct thp chu ct (mm2/mm) (12.10.4.2.6)
ng knh ngoi hoc chiu rng ca kt cu (mm) (12.6.6.3)
chiu cao ng t mp n mp ca ng (mm) (12.6.6.3)
chiu rng ngang ca ho nh ng (mm) (12.10.2.1.2)
h s nn di ti trng t (12.10.4.3.1)
h s nn di hot ti (12.10.4.3.1.)
hng s tu thuc vo hnh dng ng (12.10.4.3.2a)
h s ti trng cho phn nh ng dng (12.10.4.3.2a)
h s ti trng cho thi cng o ho (12.10.2.1.2)
h s ti trng cho thi cng hm (12.13.2.1)
h s iu chnh cho chiu cao lp ph mng trn cng hp kim loi (12.9.4.4)
h s iu chnh hot ti cho cc ti trng trc, ti trng ca cc trc i v cc
trc khng phi 4 bnh = C1C2AL (12.9.4.2)
thng s l hm s ca ti trng thng ng v phn lc thng ng (12.10.4.3.2a)
cng thi cng ca bn o hm (N/mm) (12.5.6.4)
1,0 i vi trc n 0,5 + S/15000 1,0 i vi cc trc i; h s iu chnh theo
s trc; (12.9.4.2) (12.9.4.3)
h s iu chnh theo s bnh xe trn mt trc thit k quy nh trong Bng 1, h
s iu chnh theo s bnh xe trn mt trc ( 12.9.4.2) (12.9.4.3)
c ly t mt trong n trc trung ho ca ng nha (mm); c ly t mt trong n
trc trung ho (mm) (12.12.3.7) (12.12.3.6)
chiu di ca on chn thng ca nnh chng (mm); ng knh ng (mm); sc chu
ti D yu cu i vi ng btng ct thp (N/mm) (12.9.4.1) (12.6.6.2) (12.10.4.3.1)
sc chu ti ca ng t th nghim chu ti theo 3 cnh gy ra vt nt 0.25mm
(N/mm) (12.10.4.3)
ng knh hu hiu ca ng nha (mm) (12.12.3.7)
ng knh trong ca ng (mm) (12.10.4.3.1)
c ly t mt chu p n trng tm ca ct thp chu ko (mm) (12.10.4.2.4a)
mun n hi di hn (50 nm ) ca cht do (MPa) (12.12.3.3)
mun n hi ca kim loi (MPa) (12.7.2.4)
h s do hiu ng cong ln lc ko cho, ct v cng trong cc cu kin cng
(12.10.4.2.5)
h s iu chnh khng ch nt lin quan ti chiu rng vt nt trung bnh ti a
0,25mm ph hp vi Fcr = 1,0 (12.10.4.2.4d)
h s v hiu ng ca chiu su vt nt dn n tng lc ko cho, lc ct v cng
vi vic gim d (12.10.4.2.5)
h s tng tc t - kt cu cho thi cng nn p (12.10.2.1)
h s un (nm/N) (12.5.6.3) (12.7.2.6)
h s xt hiu ng lc y n cng ct (12.10.4.2.5)
h s ch to v vt liu ti ch nh hng n cng chu ko hng tm ca
ng (12.10.4.2.3)

D-Load =
De
Di
d
E
Em
Fc

=
=
=
=
=
=

Fcr

Fd

Fe
FF
Fn
Frp

=
=
=
=

Tiu chun thit k cu

Frt
Ft
Fu
Fvp

=
=
=
=

Fy
fc
fcr
fy

=
=
=
=

HAF
H1
H2
h
hw
l
ID
K

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

k
L
Lw
Mdl

=
=
=
=

Mdlu =
Mll =
Mllu =
Mnu =
Mpc
Mph
Ms

=
=
=

Mu
Ns

=
=

Nu

n
Pc
PL

=
=
=

528

h s xt hiu ng kch c ng n cng chu ko hng tm (12.10.4.2.4c)

h s tng tc t - kt cu i vi thi cng o ho (12.10.2.1)
cng chu ko ti thiu theo quy nh (MPa) (12.7.2.4)
h s ch to v vt liu ti ch nh hng n cng chu ct ca ng
(12.10.4.2.3)
cng chy do ca kim loi (MPa) (12.7.2.3)
cng chu nn ca btng (MPa) (12.4.2.2.)
ng sut on ti hn (MPa) (12.7.2.4)
im gii hn chy ti thiu quy nh cho ct thp(MPa) (12.10.4.2.4a)
chiu cao ca lp ph tnh t nh cng hp n nh mt ng (mm); chiu cao ca
lp ph trn nh; chiu cao ca lp t p trn nh ng hay hp (mm) (12.9.4.2)
(12.9.4.4) (12.10.2.1)
h s vm theo hng ngang (12.10.2.1)
chiu cao lp ph trn b mng tnh n b mt xe chy (mm) (12.8.4.2)
chiu cao lp ph t ng chn vm kt cu n b mt xe chy (mm) (12.8.4.2)
chiu dy vch ng (mm); chiu cao mt t trn nh ng (mm) (12.10.4.2.4a)
chiu cao mt nc pha trn nh ng (mm) (12.12.3.6)
mmem qun tnh (mm4/mm) (12.7.2.6)
ng knh trong (mm) (12.6.6.3)
t l gia n v p lc t nm ngang hu hiu trn n v p lc t thng ng hu
hiu tc l h s Rankine ca p lc t ch ng (12.10.4.2)
h s cng ca t (12.7.2.4) (12.13.3.3)
chiu di ca sn tng cng chn (mm)(12.9.4.1)
chiu rng ln xe (mm) (12.8.4.2)
mmen tnh ti (N.mm/mm); tng mmen danh nh ti nh v nch do tnh ti
(N.mm/mm) (12.9.4.2)
mmen tnh ton do tnh ti theo quy nh ca iu 12.9.4.2 (N.mm) (12.9.4.3)
mmen hot ti (N.mm/mm); tng mmen danh nh ti nh v nch do hot ti
(N.mm/mm) (12.9.4.2)
mmen hot ti theo quy nh ca iu 12.9.4.2 (N.mm) (12.9.4.3)
mmen tnh ton tc dng ln b rng mt ct b bin iu chnh c xt n hiu
ng ca lc y nn hay ko (N.mm/mm) (12.10.4.2.5)
kh nng chu mmen do ca nh vm (N.mm/mm) (12.9.4.3)
kh nng chu mmen do ca nch (N.mm/mm) (12.9.4.3)
mun ca t (MPa); Mmen un trang thi gii hn s dng (N.mm/mm)
(12.12.3.6) (12.10.4.2.4d)
mmen cc hn tc ng trn b rng mt ct ngang (N.mm/mm) (12.10.4.2.4a)
lc y hng tm tc ng trn chiu rng mt ct trang thi gii hn s dng
(N/mm) (12.10.4.2.4d)
lc y hng tm tc ng trn chiu rng mt ct trang thi gii hn cng
(N/mm) (12.10.4.2.4a)
s cc ln xe lin k nhau (12.8.4.2)
phn mmen trong tng mmen do vm cng hp kim loi chu (12.9.4.3)
p lc tnh ton nh (MPa) (12.7.2.2.)

Tiu chun thit k cu

P1
p
p
q
R

=
=
=
=
=

RAL
Rc
Rd
Rf

=
=
=
=

RH
Rh
Rn
Rr
RT
Rv
r
rc
rh
rs
rsd
S

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

Si
Sl
sv
T
TL
t
tb

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

V
=
VAF =
Vc
=
VDL
VLL
Vn

=
=
=

Vr
Vu
WE
WF
WL
WT
x

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

529

p lc nm ngang ti khong cch d1 t kt cu (MPa) (12.8.5.3)

t l phn nh dng (12.10.4.3.2a)
t l phn nh m (12.10.4.3.2a)
t l gia tng p lc ngang trn tng p lc ng (12.10.4.3.2a)
ng tn ca kt cu (mm); chiu cao ca cng hp hay kt cu bn nhp di (mm);
bn knh ca ng (mm) (12.8.4.1) (12.9.4.1) (12.12.3.6)
h s hiu chnh ti trng trc (12.9.4.6)
h s hiu chnh cng btng (12.9.4.6)
t l ca h s sc khng quy nh iu 5.5.4.2 cho lc ct v mmen (12.1.4.2.4c)
h s lin quan ti yu cu v chiu dy bn gim ti dng cho kt cu hp khi chiu
di nhp nh hn 8000mm (12.9.4.6)
thnh phn phn lc nm ngang (N/mm) (12.8.4.2)
h s trit gim mmen nch (12.9.4.3)
sc khng danh nh (N/mm) (12.5.1)
sc khng tnh ton (N/mm) (12.5.1)
bn knh vm nh ca kt cu bn nhp ln (mm) (12.8.3.2)
thnh phn phn lc thng ng ti mng (N/mm) (12.8.4.2)
bn knh quay (mm); Bn knh ng tim ca tng ng btng (mm) (12.7.2.4) (12.10.4.2.5)
bn knh ca nh vm (mm)(12.9.4.1)
bn knh ca nch vm (mm)(12.9.4.1)
bn knh ca ct thp pha trong (mm) (12.10.4.2.4c)
thng s v t l ln (12.10.4.3.2a)
ng knh ng, hm, hay hp cng nh khu nhp (mm); khu kt cu gia cc chn
vm ca kt cu bn nhp ln (mm); khu cng hp (12.6.6.3) (12.8.4.1) (12.9.4.2)
ng knh trong hay khu ngang ca ng (mm) (12.10.4.2.4b)
c ly ca ct thp trn (mm) (12.10.4.2.4d)
c ly ca cc ct ai (mm) (12.10.4.2.6)
tng lc y do tnh ti v hot ti trong kt cu (N/mm) (12.8.5.3)
lc y tnh ton (N/mm) (12.7.2.2)
chiu dy cn thit ca bn btng xi mng gim ti (mm) (12.9.4.6)
chiu dy c bn ca bn btng xi mng gim ti (mm); chiu dy tnh ca lp bo
v ct thp (mm) (12.9.4.6) (12.10.4.2.4d)
phn lc chn, theo hng cnh (thng) ca cng hp (N/mm) (12.9.4.5)
h s vm thng ng (12.10.2.1)
lc ct tnh ton tc ng ln chiu rng mt ct gy nn ph hoi do ko cho khng
c ct thp ai (N/mm) (12.10.4.2.6)
g [ H2(S)AT ]s / (2109 ) (12.8.4.2)
nAL / (2400 + 2 H1) (12.8.4.2)
sc khng ct danh nh ca mt ct ng khng c ct ai hng tm trn n v chiu
di ng (N/mm) (12.10.4.2.5)
sc khng ct tnh ton cho n v chiu di (N/mm) (12.10.4.2.5)
Lc ct cc hn tc ng ln chiu rng mt ct (N/mm) (12.10.4.2.5)
tng ti trng t trn ng hoc vch (N/mm) (12.10.2.1)
ti trng cht lng trong ng (N/mm) (12.10.4.3.1)
tng hot ti trn ng hoc vch (N/mm) (12.10.4.3.1)
tng tnh ti v hot ti trn ng hoc vch (N/mm) (12.10.4.3.1)
thng s l hm ca din tch ca hnh chiu ng ca ng trn p lc ngang ch
ng tc ng (12.10.4.3.2a)
T trng t lp (kg/m3); T trng t (kg/m3); (12.9.2.2) (12.9.4.2)

Tiu chun thit k cu

530

gc xoay ca kt cu (); bn knh ca nch bao gm c phn gc () (12.8.4.2)

(12.9.4.1)

h s ma st gia ng v t (12.10.2.1.2)

h s sc khng (12.5.1)

h s sc khng un (12.10.4.2.4c)

fs

h s ma st gia vt liu lp v vch ho (12.10.4.3.2a)

h s sc khng do ko hng tm (12.10.4.2.4c)

gc tm ng i din vi phn b gi nh ca phn lc bn ngoi () (12.10.4.2.1)

12.4. Tnh cht ca t v vt liu

12.4.1. Xc nh tnh cht ca t
12.4.1.1. Tng qut
Phi tin hnh thm d di mt t xc nh s hin din v nh hng ca cc iu kin a cht
v mi trng n s lm vic ca kt cu vi .Vi kt cu vi ta trn mng v vi cng vm dng ng
v ng ng knh ln cn tin hnh kho st mng nh gi kh nng ca vt liu mng chu tc
ng ca ti trng v tha mn nhng i hi dch chuyn ca kt cu.

12.4.1.2. t nn
Cn xem xt loi t v thuc tnh ca t nn i vi s n nh ca nn v ln di tc dng ca ti trng.

12.4.1.3. t lp quanh
Loi t, t trng sau m nn v cc c tnh cng ca t bao quanh kt cu vi phi c xc
nh. t lp bao gm t bao quanh cn ph hp cc yu cu ca AASHTO M 145 nh sau:

i vi ng mm tiu chun v kt cu b tng : A-1 , A-2 hoc A3 (GW, GP , SW , SP, GM , SM,

SC , GC )

i vi cng hp kim loi v kt cu c nhp ln vi lp ph nh hn 3600 mm: A-1 , A-2-4, A-25 hoc A-3 (GW, GP, SW, SP, GM, SM, SC , GC)

v i vi kt cu kim loi nhp ln c lp ph khng nh hn 3600 mm : A-1 hoc A-3 (GW, GP,
SW, SP, GM, SM ).

12.4.2. Vt liu
12.4.2.1. Cng nhm v kt cu bn
Nhm lm cng kim loi gn sng v vm ng cn ph hp vi cc yu cu ca Quy nh v vt liu
AASHTO M 196 (ASTM B 745). Nhm lm ng kt cu bn, vm ng, vm v kt cu hp cn tha
mn cc yu cu ca Quy nh v vt liu AASHTO M 219 M (ASTM B 746M) .

12.4.2.2. B tng
B tng cn ph hp iu 5.4 tr f'c c th da vo li.

531

Tiu chun thit k cu

12.4.2.3. ng cng b tng c sn

ng cng b tng c sn phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca AASHTO M170M (ASTM C 76M).
C th s dng b dy thit k ca vch khng ging kch thc vch tiu chun vi iu kin phi
thit k ph hp vi mi yu cu ca Phn 12.

12.4.2.4. Kt cu b tng c sn
Vm, kt cu e-lp v hp b tng c sn cn ph hp cc yu cu ca AASHTO M 206 M (ASTM C
506), M207M (ASTM C507), M 259 M (ASTM C 789 M) , v M 273 M (ASTM C 850M)

12.4.2.5. ng cng thp v kt cu bn

Thp lm ng cng kim loi gn sng v vm cng cn ph hp cc yu cu ca Quy nh v vt liu
AASHTO M 36M (ASTM A 760M). Thp lm cng bn, vm cng, vm v kt cu hp cn tha mn
cc yu cu ca AASHTO M167M (ASTM A 761M).

12.4.2.6. Ct thp
Ct thp cn ph hp vi cc yu cu ca iu 5.4.3 v ph hp vi mt trong cc Quy nh v vt liu
sau y: AASHTO M31 (ASTM A 615M), M 32 (ASTM A 82) , M 55 (ASTM 185), M 221(ASTM A
497) hoc M 225(ASTM A 496).
Vi si trn v tm li si hn trn cng chy c th ly bng 450 MPa. Vi tm li si hn c
g cng chy c th ly bng 480 MPa.

12.4.2.7. ng nha do nng

ng nha c th l vch cng, gn sng hoc profin v c th lm bng polyetylen (PE) hoc
polyvinyl clorit (PVC).
ng PE cn ph hp vi cc yu cu ca ASTM F 714 cho ng vch cng, ca AASHTO M294 cho
ng gn sng v ASTM F 894 cho ng vch profin.
ng PVC cn ph hp vi cc yu cu ca AASHTO M 278 cho ng vch cng, ASTM F 679 cho ng
vch cng v AASHTO M 304 cho ng vch profin.
12.5. Trng thi gii hn v h s sc khng
12.5.1. Tng qut
Kt cu vi v mng ca n phi c thit k bng phng php thch hp c quy nh cc iu
12.7 n 12.12 sao cho chng chu c cc ti trng tnh ton bi cc t hp ti trng quy nh cc
iu 12.5.2 v 12.5.3.
Sc khng tnh ton Rr' , cn c tnh ton cho mi trng thi gii hn nh sau :
R r = Rn

(12.5.1-1)

Tiu chun thit k cu

532

y :
Rn

=
=

sc khng danh nh
h s sc khng quy nh trong Bng 12.5.5-1.

12.5.2. Trng thi gii hn s dng

Kt cu vi phi c tnh ton vi T hp ti trng s dng quy nh trong Bng 3.4.1-1 v :

vng ca kt cu kim loi, bn vch hm v ng nha, do nng, v

Chiu rng vt nt trong kt cu b tng ct thp.

12.5.3. Trng thi gii hn cng

Kt cu vi v vch hm phi c tnh ton vi vi ti trng thi cng v t hp ti trng v cng
ghi Bng 3.4.1-1 nh sau :

Vi kt cu kim loi :
+ din tch vch
+ on
+ ph hoi ca mi ni
+ gii hn un trong thi cng
+ un ca kt cu hp

Vi kt cu b tng :
+ un,
+ ct
+ nn
+ ko hng tm

Vi ng nha do nng :
+ din tch vch
+ on
+ gii hn un

Vi bn vch hm :
+ din tch vch
+ on
+ cng mi ni
+ cng thi cng

12.5.4. iu chnh ti trng v h s ti trng

iu chnh ti trng cn c p dng cho kt cu vi v vch hm nh quy nh iu 1.3 tr iu
chnh ti trng thi cng cn ly bng 1,0. Vi trng thi gii hn cng , kt cu vi phi c xem
l khng d di t p v d di hot ti v lc xung kch. Tnh quan trng trong khai thc cn c
xc nh trn c s chc nng lin tc v an ton ca con ng.
12.5.5. H s sc khng
H s sc khng cho kt cu vi phi ly theo Bng 12.5.5-1. Cc gi tr v h s cng cho thit k
a k thut ca mng kt cu vi phi ly theo quy nh trong Phn 10.

533

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 12.5.5.1- H s sc khng ca kt cu vi

Loi hnh kt cu
ng kim loi, vm v kt cu vm - ng
ng dng xon vi mi ni cht hoc hn hon ton :
Din tch vch ti thiu v on :
ng trn vi mi ni hn chm, tn ri v hoc bt bu lng
Din tch vch ti thiu v n nh do un
Cng mi ni ti thiu
ng bn kt cu :
Dn tch vch ti thiu v on
Cng mi ni ti thiu
Sc chu ca mng vm - ng
Bn kt cu nhp ln v kt cu bn vch hm
Din tch vch ti thiu
Cng mi ni ti thiu
Sc chu ca mng vm - ng
Hp bng kt cu bn
Cng m men do
Sc chu ca mng vm ng
ng b tng ct thp
Phng php thit k trc tip :
Lp t loi 1
Un
Ct
Ko hng tm
Cc loi lp t khc
Un
Ct
Ko hng tm
Kt cu hp b tng ct thp ti ch
un
ct
Kt cu hp b tng ct thp c sn
Un
Ct
Cc kt cu c 3 cnh c sn bng b tng
Un
Ct
ng nha do nng
ng PE v PVC
din tch vch ti thiu v on

H s sc khng

1,0
0,67
0,67
0,67
0,67
Tham kho Phn 10
0,67
0,67
Tham kho Phn 10
1,0
Tham kho Phn 10

0,9
0,82
0,82
1,0
0,9
0,9
0,90
0,85
1,00
0,90
0,95
0,90

1,00

12.5.6. Gii hn un v cng thi cng

12.5.6.1. ng kim loi gn sng v kt cu bn
H s un ca ng kim loi gn sng v kt cu bn khng c vt qu cc tr s Bng 1.

534

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 12.5.6.1-1- Gii hn v h s un

Loi vt liu xy
dng

ng thp

Kch c

H s

gn sng (mm)

un (mm/N)

6,35

0,25

12,7

0,25

25,4

0,19

6,35 v 12,7
ng nhm

B dy vt liu 1,52

0,18

B dy vt liu 1,90

0,35

Cc chiu dy khc

0,53

25,4

0,34

150 x 50
Bn thp

ng

0,11

Vm-ng

0,17

Vm

0,17

230 x 64
Bn nhm

ng

0,14

Vm- ng

0,21

Vm

0,41

12.5.6.2. ng kim loi sn xon c v vm ng

H s un ca ng kim loi c sn xon c v vm-ng khng vt qu cc tr s Bng 1, vic
p nn ph hp vi cc quy nh ca iu 12.6.6.2 v 12.6.6.3, vic o ho ph hp vi cc quy nh
ca iu 12.6.6.1 v 12.6.6.3.
Bng 12.5.6.2-1- Gii hn v h s un
Vt liu

iu kin
Nn p

Thp
o ho
Nn p
Nhm
o ho

Kch thc gn
sng (mm)

H s
un (mm/N)

1919190
1925290
1919190
1925 290
1919190
1925 290
1919190
1925 290

0,039 I1/3
0,031 I1/3
0,045 I1/3
0,037 I1/3
0,056 I1/3
0,039 I1/3
0,067 I1/3
0,048 I1/3

Cc tr s m men qun tnh I ca ng thp v nhm v vm-ng ly theo cc Bng A12-2 v A12-5.

12.5.6.3. ng nha do nng

H s un FF ca ng nha khng c vt qu 0,54 mm/N.

535

Tiu chun thit k cu

12.5.6.4. Bn vch hm bng thp

cng thi cng Cs-N/mm khng c nh hn cc tr s di y :

Bn vch hai g :

Cs 8,75 (N/mm)

Bn vch bn g :

Cs 19,5 (N/mm)

12.6. c trng thit k chung

12.6.1. Ti trng
Kt cu vi phi c thit k chu hiu ng do p lc t nm ngang v thng ng, ti trng mt
ng, hot ti v lc xung kch gy nn. Ti trng tng ng ca t v hot ti trn nh v ti
trng ko xung (do ma st m) cng phi c c tnh khi iu kin thi cng v ti ch cho php.
Lc ni ca nc phi c tnh cho phn di mt nc ca kt cu vi kim tra s ni
iu 3.7.2. Ti trng ng t ch cn xt khi kt cu vi ct qua t gy ang hot ng.
Vi p lc t thng ng phi p dng h s ti trng ti a Bng 3.4.1-2.
Ti trng bnh xe phi c phn b qua t p theo quy nh ca iu 3.6.1.2.6.
12.6.2. Trng thi gii hn s dng
12.6.2.1. Chuyn v cho php
Tiu chun chuyn v cho php ca kt cu vi phi c nghin cu trn c s chc nng v loi hnh
kt cu, tui th phc v d kin v nhng hu qu ca cc dch chuyn khng chp nhn c.

12.6.2.2. ln
12.6.2.2.1. Tng qut
ln phi c xc nh theo ch dn iu 10.6.2. Vic xem xt phi c dnh cho nhng chuyn
ng tim tng do :

Ln khc nhau theo chiu dc ng,

Ln khc nhau gia ng v t lp,

Ln ca mng v ln do ti trng khng cn on di mi nn p ca cng cho.

12.6.2.2.2. ln khc nhau theo chiu dc

ln khc nhau dc theo chiu di kt cu vi phi c xc nh ph hp vi iu 10.6.2.2.3. ng
v cng d b ln khc nhau theo chiu dc phi lm mi ni chc chn chu cc lc tch .
C th quy nh vng thi cng m bo dng chy trong tui th phc v ca kt cu.
12.6.2.2.3. ln khc nhau gia kt cu v t lp
ni c th pht sinh ln khc nhau gia kt cu v t p bn ca kt cu vm, mng cn c
thit k cho ln c ch ti t lp.

Tiu chun thit k cu

536

ng c vm ngc khng c t trn mng s ln t hn l t lp bn cnh, cn lm nn ng nht

bng vt liu ht c m nn va phi.

12.6.2.2.4. Ln ca mng
Mng phi c thit k cho ln ng u v chiu dc v chiu ngang. Ln ca mng cn ln
bo v chng lc ko xung c th c do ln ca t lp bn cnh gy nn. Nu gp phi vt liu nn
xu cn xem xt vic o tt c hoc mt phn vt liu khng chp nhn c v thay bng vt liu
chp nhn c v c m nn .
Thit k mng cn ph hp vi cc quy nh ca iu 10.6.
Phn lc mng ca kt cu cng hp kim loi phi c xc nh theo quy nh trong iu 12.9.4.5.
Cc hiu ng ca chiu su mng phi c xt n trong thit k mng vm. Phn lc mng phi ly
tip tuyn vi im lin kt gia vm v mng v phn lc ny phi bng lc nn ca vm mng.
12.6.2.2.5. Ti trng khng cn bng
Kt cu vi cho gc vi tuyn ng v ko di qua nn p phi c thit k c xt n nh hng
ca ti trng khng i xng ln mt ct kt cu.

12.6.2.3. Lc y ni
Phi xt lc y ni ln khi kt cu c t di mc nc ngm cao nht c th xut hin.
12.6.3. an ton chng ph hoi ca t
12.6.3.1. Sc khng v n nh
Kt cu ng v mng ca kt cu vi phi c kho st v sc chu ti ph hoi v xi l ca t lp
do nhng thay i v thy lc.

12.6.3.2. t lp gc ca vm ng kim loi

t lp gc ca vm ng kim loi phi c thit k c xt n p lc gc ly bng lc y ca vm
chia cho bn knh ca gc vm-ng. Lp t xung quanh cc gc ca vm ng phi chu p lc ny. C
th quy nh vic lp bng t kt cu c m ti cht cao hn bnh thng.
12.6.4. Thit k thy lc
Cn p dng tiu chun thit k quy nh iu 2.6 v trong chng 10 xem xt v thit k
thy lc.
12.6.5. Xi l
Phi thit k kt cu vi sao cho khng c dch chuyn ca b phn kt cu no s xy ra do xi l.

Tiu chun thit k cu

537

vng xi l l mi lo ngi th tng bn bn cnh phi c ko di bo v b phn kt cu ca

lp t bao quanh kt cu. Vi kt cu t trn lp trm tch d b xi cn dng tng ngn t qu
di su xi ti a c th xy ra hoc lt lng. Mng ca kt cu phi t thp hn su xi ti a
t nht 600 mm.
12.6.6. t bao
12.6.6.1. Lp t bng cch o ho
Chiu rng ti thiu ca ho cn c khong cch gia ng v tng ho ch lp t v m vt
liu lp tha ng v an ton.
H s hp ng cn i hi phi m bo s n nh ca ho hoc bng lm tng ho dc hoc c
chng i vi tng ho dc hn ph hp ca a phng.

12.6.6.2. Lp t bng cch p nn

Chiu dy ti thiu ca lp t bao cn m bo s hn ch ngang ca kt cu vi. T hp c
chiu dy lp t bao v nn p cn chu tt c cc ti trng trn cng v ph hp vi cc yu
cu v nh ngha quy nh iu 12.6.2.

12.6.6.3. Lp t ph ti thiu
Lp ph ca lp y mng ng bng ht c m nn tt ly t nh mt ng cng hoc y mt
ng mm khng c nh hn quy nh Bng 1, y:
S

ng knh ng (mm)

Bc

ng knh ngoi hoc chiu rng ca kt cu (mm)

B'c

chiu cao ng t mp n mp ngoi ng (mm)

ID

ng knh trong (mm).

538

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 12.6.3-1- Lp t ph ti thiu

Loi hnh

iu kin
-

ng kim loi gn sng

ng kim loi c g xon c

Lp ph ti thiu
S/8 300 mm

ng thp

S/4 300 mm

ng nhm

S/2 300 mm

Khi S 1200 mm
S/2,75 600 mm

ng nhm
khi S > 1200 mm
Kt cu ng bn

S/8 300 mm

Kt cu ng bn nhp ln

Tham kho Bng

12.8.3.1.1-1

Kt cu hp bn

430 mm nh quy nh
iu 12.9.1

Ch khng thm v di
mt ng mm

Bc /8 hoc B'c /8 tr s
no 300 mm

p bng vt liu ri m
cht di mt ng cng

230 mm

ng b tng ct thp

ng nha

ID/8 300 mm

Nu khng c lp t ph th nh ca kt cu hp bng b tng c sn hoc c ti ch phi c

thit k chu tc ng trc tip ca ti trng xe.
12.6.7. C ly ti thiu gia cc ng ca cng c nhiu ca
C ly gia cc ng ca cng c nhiu ca phi c th t ng tt v m t di hng hoc
gia cc ng.
H s hp ng nn yu cu t lp phi phi hp vi vic gim thiu ti trng khng cn gia cc kt
cu nhiu ca t cnh nhau. Khi c th t lp phi gi cao bng nhau khp c lot kt cu. Hiu ng
ca dc dc ln ca ng ln c lot kt cu phi c kho st v n nh ca kt cu mm chu
ti trng khng cn.
12.6.8. X l u cng
12.6.8.1. Tng Qut
Phi ch c bit ti bo v cui mi ta luy khi c nc dnh hoc khi c th xy ra x hoc nc
y ln. Cn xem xt x l v an ton giao thng nh lm li st khe v kt cu ph hp vi mi
nn p, ko di cng ra ngoi im nguy him, hoc lm lan can.

12.6.8.2. Cng mm xy cho

Phi x l u cng mm t cho so vi tim ng v ko di qua nn p hoc bng cch p thm
m bo ti trng i xng hai u ng hoc tng u phi thit k cho chu lc y pha b ct.

539

Tiu chun thit k cu

12.6.9. Cc iu kin g v bo mn
Phi xem xt s xung cp ca sc bn kt cu do g v bo mn.
Nu vic thit k ca cng kim loi v cng nha l do cc h s un trong lp t khng ch th c
th gim hoc loi tr cc i hi v bo v chng g v bo mn min l cng xung cp c bn
chu ti trng trong sut tui th ca kt cu.
12.7. ng kim loi, kt cu vm ng v vm
12.7.1. Tng qut
Cc quy nh y c p dng cho thit k kt cu vi dng ng kim loi gn sng v c sn xon
c v ng bn kt cu.
ng kim loi gn sng v vm ng c th dng tn, hn hoc kho ni cc tm gn sng dng trn
hoc xon c. ng bn kt cu, vm ng v vm ch c bt bu lng cc tm gn sng dng trn.
T l chiu cao trn chiu di nhp ca vm bn kt cu khng c nh hn 0,3.
Cc quy nh ca iu 12.8 cn p dng cho kt cu c bn knh ln hn 4000 mm.
12.7.2. An ton chng ph hoi kt cu
ng kim loi gn sng v xon c, vm- ng v ng bn kt cu phi c kho st trng thi gii
hn cng v:

Din tch vch ng,

Cng n nh do un (on), v

Sc bn mi ni cho kt cu c mi ni dc.

12.7.2.1. Cc c trng mt ct
Kch thc v cc c trng ca cc mt ct ng, chiu di ni ti thiu, cc yu cu c hc v ho hc
ca cc mt ct ng v vm ng bng thp v nhm gn sng, ng bn kt cu bng thp v nhm gn
sng vm- ng v vm c th ly trong Ph lc A12.

12.7.2.2. Lc nn
Lc nn tnh ton TL cho n v chiu di ca vch c ly nh sau :

TL = PL
y :
TL

lc nn tnh ton trn mt n v chiu di (N/mm)

khu ng (mm)

PL

p lc tnh ton nh (MPa)

(12.7.2.2-1)

540

Tiu chun thit k cu

12.7.2.3. Sc khng ca vch

Sc khng hng trc tnh ton Rn cho n v chiu di ca vch khng xt n on c ly nh sau:
Pn = Fy A

(12.7.2.3-1)

y :
A

din tch vch (mm2/mm)

Fy

cng chy ca kim loi (MPa)

h s sc khng theo iu 12.5.5

12.7.2.4. Sc khng on
Din tch vch tnh theo cng thc 12.7.2.3-1 cn c kho st v n nh. Nu fcr < Fy th A phi c
tnh li bng dng fcr thay cho Fy
Nu

24 E m
,
Fu

r
k

S<

Fu k S

= Fu 48 E m

th:

f cr

Nu

S>

th:

f cr =

(12.7.2.4-1)

r 24 E m
,

k Fu

12 E m
kS

(12.7.2.4-2)

y :
Em

m un n hi ca kim loi (MPa)

Fu

cng ko ca kim loi (MPa)

bn knh xoay ca gn sng (mm)

h s cng ca t ly bng 0,22.

ng knh ca ng hoc khu ca kt cu bn (mm)

12.7.2.5. Sc khng ca mi ni
Vi ng c ch to c mi ni dc, sc khng danh nh ca mi ni phi chu lc nn tnh
ton TL trong vch ng.

12.7.2.6. Cc yu cu v cu lp
un khi cu phi c biu th bng h s un xc nh theo :
FF =

S2
EmI

(12.7.2.6-1)

Tiu chun thit k cu

541

y :
S

ng knh ca ng hoc khu ca kt cu bn (mm)

mmen qun tnh ca vch (mm4/mm)

Cc tr s ca h s un v cu lp khng c vt qu cc tr s iu 12. 5.6 cho kt cu ng v

ng bn bng thp v nhm.
12.7.3. ng lt trn
ng kim loi gn sng gm tm lt trn v v gn sng lin kt lm mt cc mi ni xon c cch
nhau khng qu 760 mm c th thit k trn cng mt c s nh ng kim loi gn sng tiu chun c
cng v gn sng v trng lng trn mm khng nh hn tng trng lng trn mm ca tm lt v v
gn sng dng xon c.
Bc gn sng khng vt qu 75 mm v chiu dy ca v khng nn thp hn 60% tng chiu dy
ca ng tiu chun tng ng.
12.7.4. Thanh tng cng cho kt cu bn
C th tng cng cng v sc khng un ca kt cu bn bng cch lm thm cc thanh tng cng
vng trn cho cc nh kt cu. Cc thanh tng cng phi i xng v vt t im di 1/4 cnh bn
ny ca kt cu qua nh n im tng ng ca pha bn kia ca kt cu.
12.7.5. Thi cng v lp t
H s hp ng cn yu cu vic thi cng v lp t ph hp vi Phn 603 ca Tiu chun Thi cng.
12.8. Kt cu bn nhp ln
12.8.1. Tng qut
Cc quy nh y v iu 12.7 c p dng thit k kt cu bn kim loi gn sng nhp ln
b vi.
Cc dng Hnh 1 di y c coi l kt cu bn nhp ln :

Kt cu ng bn v vm i hi vic dng cc c trng ghi iu 12.8.3.5 v

Cc hnh dng c bit vi mi kch thc c bn knh ng cong nh hoc sn bn ln hn

4000 mm. Cng hp kim loi khng c coi l kt cu nhp ln v c ghi iu 12.9.

542

Tiu chun thit k cu

E lp ngang

Vm thp

Qu l ngc

Vm cao

Vm qu l

Hnh 12.8.1-1- Cc hnh dng nhp ln

12.8.2. Trng thi gii hn s dng
Khng cn yu cu v ch tiu trng thi gii hn s dng.
12.8.3. An ton chng h hng kt cu
Phi p dng quy nh ca iu 12.7 tr cc yu cu v n nh v un c m t y.
Kch thc v c trng ca mt ct kt cu, chiu di ni ti thiu cc yu cu v c hc v ho hc v
cc tnh cht ca bu lng cho mt ct bn c nhp ln phi ly theo ph lc A12 hoc quy nh y.

12.8.3.1. Tnh cht mt ct

12.8.3.1.1. Mt ct
Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 12.7 tr quy nh c nu .
Cc kt cu khng m t y phi c coi l thit k c bit.
Khi p dng Bng A12-3. Cc yu cu ti thiu v c trng mt ct phi ly theo Bng 1. C th dng
lp ph nh hn tr s tng ng vi chiu dy bn ti thiu ty theo bn knh Bng 1 nu dng sn
tng cng bn. Nu dng sn th chiu dy bn khng nn gim di tr s ti thiu cho bn knh
, v m men qun tnh ca mt ct bn v sn khng c nh hn m men qun tnh ca bn
khng c sn dy hn theo cng chiu cao t p. Dng lp t ph nh hn tr s ti thiu ty theo
bn knh cn c thit k c bit.

543

Tiu chun thit k cu

Khng c thit k ngoi quy nh Bng 1 tr khi c chng minh bng h s chp nhn c i
vi Ch u t.
Bng12.8.3.1.1-1- Cc yu cu ti thiu i vi cc c trng chp nhn c ca nhp ln

Bn knh nh (mm)
150mm x 50mm
Bn thp gn sng. Chiu dy ti thiu
ca nh vm (mm)

Chiu dy ti thiu ca nh vm (mm)

4500-5200
5200-6100
6100-7000
4500
2,82

3,56

4,32

5,54

7000-7600
6,32

Cc gii hn hnh hc
Cn p dng cc gii hn hnh hc di y:
bn knh bn ti a - 7600 mm
gc gia nh vm ti a - 80.0
t l ti thiu gia bn knh nh vm v chn vm - 2
t l ti a gia bn knh nh vm v chn vm - 5
Chiu dy ti thiu ca t ph (mm)
Bn knh nh (mm)
4500-5200
5200-6100
6100-7000
4500
Chiu dy thp khng
c sn(mm)
2,82
750
3,56
750
900
4,32
750
900
900
4,78
750
900
900
5,54
600
750
750
900
6,32
600
600
750
900
7,11
600
600
750
900

7000-7600

1200
1200

12.8.3.1.2. Kim tra hnh dng

Khng p dng cc yu cu ca iu 12.7.2.4 v 12.7.2.6 cho thit k kt cu bn nhp ln.
12.8.3.1.3. Cc yu cu v c hc v ho hc
p dng cc Bng A12-3 , A12-8 v A12-10.

12.8.3.2. Lc y tnh ton

Lc y tnh ton vch phi c xc nh bng cng thc 12.7.2.2-1, tr s S trong cng thc cn
thay bng hai ln tr s ca bn knh nh vm RT.

12.8.3.3. Din tch vch

p dng cc quy nh ca iu 12.7.2.3

12.8.3.4. Cng mi ni
p dng cc quy nh ca iu 12.7.2.5

544

Tiu chun thit k cu

12.8.3.5. Cc c trng c bit c th chp nhn c

12.8.3.5.1. Cc thanh tng cng dc lin tc
Cc thanh tng cng dc lin tc phi c lin kt vi bn gn sng hai chn nh vm. Thanh tng
cng c th lm bng kim loi hoc b tng ring l hoc t hp.
12.8.3.3.5.2. Sn tng cng
Sn tng cng bng cc dng kt cu c th dng tng cng kt cu bn. Khi dng phi:

Un cong ph hp vi cong ca bn,

Bt cht vo kt cu m bo cng lm vic vi bn gn sng,

v t theo c ly tng m men qun tnh ca mt ct theo yu cu ca thit k.

12.8.4. An ton chng h hng kt cu - Thit k nn mng

12.8.4.1.Gii hn ln
Phi kho st a cht hin trng xc nh cc iu kin hin trng tho mn cc yu cu
cho c kt cu v vng p t nguy him mi bn kt cu c chng tt. Thit k phi
tho mn cc yu cu ca iu 12.6.2.2 khi thit lp cc tiu chun v ln cn xt n cc yu t
di y:

Khi p vt trn nh kt cu, phi gii hn ln tng i gia phn t lp v kt cu

khng ch cc lc ko xung. Nu phn t lp bn b ln nhiu hn kt cu, c th phi
tnh ton chi tit.

Phi gii hn ln dc theo ng tim dc ca kt cu vm duy tr dc v loi tr nt

mng vm.

Chnh lch ln tnh ton ca kt cu gia chn vm ny v chn vm kia phi tho mn:

0,01 S 2
R

(12.8.4.1-1)

trong :
S

khu kt cu gia cc im chn vm ca cc kt cu loi bn c nhp di (mm)

ng tn ca kt cu (mm)

C th yu cu cc gii hn ln nghim ngt hn nu cn thit bo v mt ng hay gii

hn vng chnh lch theo chiu dc.

12.8.4.2. Cc phn lc ti chn ca kt cu vm

C th ly cc phn lc b mng bng:
Rv = (VDL+ VLL) cos

(12.8.4.2-1)

RH = (VDL + VLL) sin

(12.8.4.2-2)

545

Tiu chun thit k cu

trong :

VDL =

g[H 2 (S ).A T ] s
2x10 9

VLL =

n (A L )
(2400 + 2H 1 )

S nguyn [ 2 H1 / Lw + 2] S ln xe lin k nhau

RV

thnh phn phn lc thng ng ti b mng kt cu.

RH

thnh phn phn lc nm ngang ti b mng.

gc xoay ca kt cu ( ).

AL

ti trng trc (N) ly bng 50% ca ton b ti trng trc c th ng thi t vo kt

cu, ngha l:

n
Vi:

145 000 N i vi trc xe ti thit k.

220 000 N i vi cp trc i thit k

AT

din tch phn pha trn ca kt cu nm trn chn vm (mm2)

H1

chiu cao t lp tnh t b mng kt cu n b mt xe chy (mm).

H2

chiu cao t lp tnh t chn vm ca kt cu n b mt xe chy (mm)

LW

chiu rng ln xe (mm)

t trng t (kg/m3)

gia tc trng trng (m/sec2)

khu (mm)

S phn b hot ti qua nn p phi da trn c s ca bt k phng php phn tch no c

chp nhn.

12.8.4.3. Thit k b mng

B mng b tng ct thp phi c thit k theo iu 10.6 v phi xc nh kch thc tho mn
cc yu cu v ln theo iu 12.8.4.1.
12.8.5. An ton chng h hng kt cu - thit k t lp bao xung quanh
12.8.5.1. Tng qut
Vt liu lp kt cu trong phn bao xung quanh kt cu phi tho mn cc yu cu ca iu
12.4.1.3 i vi kt cu khu di. Chiu rng ca phn bao mi bn ca kt cu phi c xc
nh gii hn s thay i v hnh dng trong khi thi cng ngoi ng bao v khng ch c
cc vng trng thi gii hn s dng.

12.8.5.2. Cc yu cu thi cng

Phn t bao lp kt cu phi hoc l c ko di n vch h o v c m cht hoc c
ko di ti mt khong cch ph hp bo v hnh dng kt cu do chu ti trng thi cng. C
th lp t vo phn chiu rng h o cn li bng loi t thch hp v m cht tho mn cc

546

Tiu chun thit k cu

yu cu ca iu 12.8.5.3. Trong iu kin nn p, chiu rng lp t kt cu nh nht phi bng

1800 mm. Nu dng cc vt liu p khc nhau cnh nhau khng m bo cc tiu chun lc
nc a k thut th phi dng vi a k thut thch hp trnh hin tng vt liu p b di
chuyn.

12.8.5.3. Cc yu cu s dng
Chiu rng ca phn bao mi bn kt cu phi gii hn bin dng nn ngang l 1% ca khu
kt cu mi bn ca kt cu.
Khi xc nh bin dng nn ngang, phi da trn c s tnh ton b rng v cht lng ca vt liu
vi lp kt cu c la chn cng nh vt liu nn p ti ch hoc cc vt liu p khc trong
phm vi mi bn ca kt cu ly rng ra mt khong cch bng ng tn ca kt cu, cng vi
chiu cao t ph trn n nh th hin trong Hnh 1.
Cc lc tc dng hng tm ra ngoi phn vm gc c bn knh nh ca kt cu vi mt khong
cch d1 tnh t kt cu c th ly bng:
P1 =

T
R c + d1

(12.8.5.3-1)

trong :
P1

p lc nm ngang mt khong cch d1 tnh t kt cu (MPa).

d1

khong cch tnh t kt cu (mm).

ton b lc y do tnh ti v hot ti tc dng ln kt cu theo (iu 12.8.3.2)

(N/mm).

Rc

bn knh gc ca kt cu (mm).

Chiu rng phn bao k gip ng d c th ly bng:

d=

300T
Rc
PBrg

(12.8.5.3-2)

trong :
d

chiu rng phn bao cn thit lin k kt cu (mm).

PBrg

p lc ta cho php gii hn ng bin nn vch h o hay nn p (MPa).

Phn bao t lp kt cu phi ly lin tc trn nh kt cu cho n tr s nh hn ca :

Cao ph lp nh nht quy nh cho kt cu ,

Mt y ca mt ng hay mt y lp mng ng bng t loi ht, khi lp mng ny nm

di lp mt ng, hoc

Mt y ca bt c bn gim ti no hay kt cu tng t ti c bn gim ti.

547

Tiu chun thit k cu

t p ng thng
Thng
c
m nn

Gii hn ti thiu ca lp kt cu
ht c la chn c m nn

Gii hn ti thiu
ca t p ng
thng thng c
m nn

Lp p ng thng thung

Lp tng lp bng lp
t thng thng

Lp ph
Ti thiu

Kt cu ht c chn

Nn t nhin

Lp tng lp bng

Trn lp ph ti thiu

Hnh 12.8.5.3-1- Phn bao t lp kt cu in hnh v phm vi vng nh hng ca kt cu.

12.8.6. An ton chng h hng kt cu v thit k x l phn u cng

12.8.6.1.Tng qut
Phi xem vic thit k v chn phng n x l phn u kt cu l mt phn khng tch ri vi
thit k kt cu.

12.8.6.2. Cc loi u cng c v tiu chun

Cc loi u cng tiu chun dng cho cc v kiu bn gn sng phi ly theo Hnh 1.

548

Tiu chun thit k cu

Ph bng
t st
hoc

Ca cng

Mt ng

(a) ca vung
Ph bng t
st hoc

Bc trn cng

ai dc bng b
tng ct thp

ai dc bng b tng ct
thp v tng chn

Ca cng

Bc di cng

Mt ng

(b) u vt
Tng u

Tng u bng b tng ct thp

Mt bng

Ca cho

(C). u ct xin (Cc yu cu ton b tng u)

Hnh 12.8.6.2-1- Cc loi u cng tiu chun
Khi dng u vt c bc phi xt n nhng yu cu di y:

Phn nng cao ca bc trn cng phi bng hay ln hn ng tn ca phn vm trn ngha l cc
tm bn phn vm trn khng c ct i.

i vi cc kt cu c bn vm ngc y th bc di cng phi tho mn cc yu cu ca

bc trn cng.

Tiu chun thit k cu

549

i vi cc vm, bc di cng phi cao t nht 150 mm.

Phn dc ca cc tm bn b ct ni chung phi dc hn 3:1.

Mp cnh trn ca cc tm bn b ct phi c lin kt bng bulng v c chng bi

mt vng ai dc bng b tng, bi lp lt mt ngoi mi dc hay bng cch tng t.

Cc u kt cu b vt hon ton ch c s dng khi c thit k c bit. Nhng kt cu c y vm

ngc phi c phn bc di ph hp vi cc yu cu i vi cc u cong kiu vt c bc.
Mp ct vt ca mi tm bn phi c chng bi mt vng ai dc bng b tng cng thch
hp.
Cc phn u b ct cho phi c lin kt y v c chng bi mt tng u bng
BTCT hay kt cu cng khc. Tng u phi ko di ti mt khong cch thch hp trn nh kt
cu c kh nng chng li cc lc y nn vng t cc tm bn. Ngoi cc p lc ch ng
thng gc ca t v p lc do hot ti, phi thit k tng u chng li thnh phn p lc
hng tm do kt cu tc ng vo theo quy nh ca iu 12.8.5.

12.8.6.3. Chng cn bng

Khi thit k v cu to, phi m bo cho t bao quanh chng c tng i cn bng hai
bn. Thay v vic thit k c bit, phi m bo cho cc phn dc chy vung gc ngang qua kt
cu khng c vt qu 10% cho chiu cao lp ph bng hay t hn 3000mm v 15% cho cc lp
ph cao hn.
Nu kt cu t cho vi nn p, phn t p phi c cu to vnh i sao cho m bo chng
cn bng v cung cp mt b rng t lp v b rng nn cn thit gi u cng.

12.8.6.4. Bo v thu lc
12.8.6.4.1. Tng qut
Phi tun th cc quy nh bo v kt cu v phng din thu lc, bao gm bo v phn bao t
lp kt cu, mng v v kt cu cng nh cc vt liu p khc trong phm vi chu nh hng bi
kt cu.
12.8.6.4.2. Bo v t lp
Khi thit k hay la chn cp phi t p, phi xt n cc tn tht i vi tnh nguyn vn ca
t lp do vic t ng, Nu dng vt liu d tri th kt cu v phn u ca t bao phi m bo
c cch ly y khng ch vic t di chuyn v/hoc thm lu.
12.8.6.4.3. Cc tng chn khay
Mi kt cu thu lc c bn y kiu vm ngc hon ton phi c thit k v cu to c cc
tng chn khay thng lu v h lu . Cc tm bn vm ngc phi c lin kt bu lng vi
cc tng chn khay bng bu lng 20mm vi c ly tim n tim l 500 mm.
Phi khai trin tng chn khay ti chiu su thch ng gii hn tnh thm lu thu lc
khng ch lc y ngc theo quy nh ca iu 12.8.6.4.4 v xi l theo iu 12.8.6.4.5.

Tiu chun thit k cu

550

12.8.6.4.4. Lc nng thu lc

Phi xt lc nng i vi cc kt cu thu lc c bn y vm ngc hon ton khi mc nc thit
k trong ng c th h t ngt. Thit k phi c cc phng tin gii hn gradien thu lc khi
mc nc phn t lp cao hn trong cng, m bo cho bn y vm ngc khng b on v
gi cho kt cu khng b ni ln. C th tnh on theo quy nh trong iu 12.7.2.4 vi khu
kt cu bng hai ln bn knh ca bn y vm ngc.
12.8.6.4.5. Xi l
Thit k chng xi l phi tha mn cc yu cu ca iu 12.6.5. Nu gp phi loi t d b xi,
c th dng cc phng tin chng xi l truyn thng tho mn cc yu cu ny.
Khng cn dng cc mng su nh mng cc hay ging chm tr phi phi thit k c bit m
bo xt n ln chnh lch v khng kh nng chng chn gi phn t lp khi xy ra xi l
di b cc.
12.8.7. Bn b tng gim ti
C th dng cc bn b tng gim ti gim mmen trong cc kt cu nhp di.
Chiu di ca bn b tng gim ti phi ly t nht l ln hn khu kt cu 600 mm. Phi ko
di bn gim ti qua phn chiu rng chu ti trng ca xe c v phi xc nh chiu dy ca
chng theo quy nh trong iu 12.9.4.6.
12.8.8. Thi cng v lp t
H s thi cng phi yu cu thi cng v lp t ph hp vi Phn 603 ca Tiu chun thi cng.
12.9. Kt cu hp bn
12.9.1. Tng qut
Phng php thit k y c gii hn cho lp ph t 430 n 1500 mm.
Cc quy nh ca iu ny p dng cho thit k kt cu hp bn, t y v sau gi l Cng hp kim
loi". Cc quy nh ca iu 12.7 v 12.8 khng c p dng cho thit k cng hp tr khi c
ghi r.
Nu dng sn tng cng tng sc khng un v kh nng chu m men ca bn th thanh tng
cng ngang cn lm bng mt ct thp hoc nhm c un theo bn kt cu. Sn phi c bt bu
lng vo bn pht trin sc khng un ca mt ct lin hp. C ly gia cc sn khng nn vt qu
600 mm nh v 1370 mm thnh cng. Mi ni sn cn pht trin c sc khng un do theo
yu cu ti mi ni.
12.9.2. Ti trng
p dng cc quy nh ca iu 3.6.1 cho hot ti.
T trng ca t lp khc 1900 kg/m3 c th xt theo iu 12.9.4.3.

551

Tiu chun thit k cu

12.9.3. Trng thi gii hn s dng

Khng cn p dng ch tiu trng thi gii hn s dng trong thit k kt cu cng hp.
12.9.4. An ton chng h hng kt cu
12.9.4.1. Tng qut
Sc khng ca cng hp gn sng phi c xc nh trng thi gii hn cng ph hp vi cc
iu 12.5.3, 12.5.4 v 12.5.5 v cc yu cu y.
Mt ct cng hp tc dng cc iu ny c nh r trong Hnh 1 v Bng 1. Cn p dng
Bng A12.10.

nh vm
Hng

u sn

Hnh 12.9.4.1-1- Hnh hc cng hp

Bng 12.9.4.1-1- Yu cu hnh hc cng hp

Nhp, S : 2670 mm n 7750 mm

Chiu cao, R : 760 mm n 3200 mm
Bn knh nh, rc 7560 mm
Bn knh hng, rh 760 mm
Gc hng cong, : 50 n 70
Chiu di chn, D : o t y bn c th thay
i t 120 mm n 1800 mm
Chiu di ti thiu ca sn chn L nh hn
480 mm hoc (D - 75) mm hoc n 75 mm trn
nh chn mng b tng.

Sc khng un ca kt cu hp bn gn sng phi c xc nh bng cng chy theo quy nh ca

bn gn sng.
Sc khng un ca kt cu hp bn c on c sn phi c xc nh bng gi tr theo quy nh ca c
sn v v gn sng. Ch c th dng ca tr s tnh ton trong thit k sau khi c khng nh bng th
nghim un i din. Mi ni sn cn pht trin c sc khng un do theo yu cu ti mi ni.

12.9.4.2. M men do ti trng tnh ton

M men hot ti v tnh ti cha c h s phn nch v phn nh vm Mdl v Mg c th ly
nh sau:

552

Tiu chun thit k cu

Mdl =

9,8
S S3 [ 0,0053 - 7,87 x 10 -7 (S - 3660)] + 0,053 (H - 427) S 2
9
10
M ll = C ll K 1

S
300K 2

(12.9.4.2-1)

(12.9.4.2-2).

trong :
Mdl
Mll
S
S
H
Cll

=
=
=
=
=
=

tng m men tnh ti danh nh nh v nch (N.mm/mm).

tng mmen hot ti danh nh nh v nch (N.mm/mm)
khu cng hp (mm)
t trng t (kg/m3)
chiu cao phn ph lp tnh t ng tn cng hp n nh ca mt ng (mm)
h s iu chnh hot ti i vi cc ti trng trc, trc i v cc trc khc vi c 4
bnh xe

C 1C 2 A L

AL

Tng ti trng trc trong nhm trc (N)

C1

1,0 i vi trc n, 0,5 + S/1500 i vi cc trc i.

C2

h s iu chnh i vi s bnh xe trn 1 trc thit k theo quy nh ca Bng 1.

trong :

K1 =

K1 =

0,08
H

S

0,2

i vi 2400 S 6000

0,08 6,6x10 6 (S 6000)

H

s

0,2

(12.9.4.2-3)

i vi 6000 S 8000

(12.9.4.2-4)

K2 = 5,8 x 10-6 H2 - 0,0013H + 5,05 i vi 400 H 900

K2 =

0,0062H + 3 i vi 900 H 1500

Bng 12.9.4.2-1- Cc gi tr h s iu chnh (C2) i vi s bnh xe trn mi trc

Chiu dy ph lp
S cc bnh xe
trn nhm trc
quy c

400

600

900

1500

1,18

1,21

1,24

1,02

1,00

1,00

1,00

1,00

0,63

0,70

0,82

0,93

Tr phi c quy nh khc, xe ti thit k theo quy nh ca iu 3.6.1.2.2 cn c gi thit c 4

bnh xe trn mt trc. Cn gi thit trc i thit k quy nh trong iu 3.6.1.2.3 l mt nhm
trc gm 2 trc vi 4 bnh xe trn mi trc.

553

Tiu chun thit k cu

Phi xc nh cc m men tnh ton Mdlu v Mllu theo iu 12.9.4.3 nh Bng 3.4.1-1 quy nh, tr
phi dng h s hot ti tnh mllu phi bng 2,0. Phi xc nh cc phn lc tnh ton bng cch
a vo cc h s phn lc quy nh trong iu 12.9.4.5.

12.9.4.3. Sc khng m men do

Sc khng m men do ca nh Mpc v sc khng m men do ca hng Mph khng c nh hn tng
theo t l ca m men tnh v hot ti iu chnh.
Cc tr s Mpc v Mph phi c xc nh nh sau :
Mpc CH Pc [ Mdlu + Mllu ]

(12.9.4.3-1)

Mph CH [ 1- Pc ] [ Mdlu + Rh Mllu ]

(12.9.4.3-2)

trong :
CH
Pc
Rh
Mdlu
Mllu

=
=
=
=
=

h s lp t ph nh ly theo iu 12.9.4.5
phm vi cho php ca t l ca tng m men do nh cng chu cho Bng 1
tr s chp nhn c ca h s chit gim m men hng cho Bng 2
m men do tnh ti tnh ton iu 12.9.4.2 (N mm)
m men do hot ti iu 12.9.4.2 (N mm)
Bng 12.9.4.4-1 Tr s t l m men nh Pc

Nhp (mm)

Phm vi cho php ca Pc

< 3000

0,55 - 0,70

3000 - 4500

0,50 - 0,70

4500 - 6000

0,45 - 0,70

6000 - 8000

0,45 - 0,60

Bng 12.9.4.4-2. Tr s gim m men hng RH

Chiu cao lp ph (mm)

Rh

400

600

900

1200 - 1500

0,66

0,74

0,87

1,00

12.9.4.4. H s t ph nh CH
Vi chiu cao lp ph ln hn 1000 mm, h s t ph nh CH ly bng 1,0.
Vi chiu cao lp ph trn nh gia 420 v 1000 mm, h s t ph nh ly bng :

H 420
C H = 1,15

4200
y:
H

chiu cao lp phi trn nh (mm)

(12.9.4.4-1)

554

Tiu chun thit k cu

12.9.4.5. Phn lc mng

Phi xc nh phn lc mng cng hp bng:

H
AL
S2
x10 9 +
V = g s s +
2440 + 2(H + R)
2,0 40,0

(12.9.4.5-1)

y:
g
V
s
H
R
S
AL

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

gia tc trng trng (m/s2)

phn lc mng cha c h s ho (N/mm)
t trng t lp (kg/m3)
chiu cao lp ph trn nh (mm)
chiu cao cng (mm)
chiu di nhp (mm)
tng ti trng trc (N)

12.9.4.6. Bn b tng gim ti

C th dng bn gim ti gim m men un trong cng hp. Bn gim ti khng c tip xc vi
nh cng nh Hnh 1.
Chiu di ca bn b tng gim ti phi ln hn khu cng t nht 600 mm v nh khi mi
bn hng cng 300 mm. Bn gim ti cn t sut chiu rng chu ti trng xe.
Chiu dy ca bn gim ti b tng ct thp phi xc nh theo:
t = tb RAL Rc Rf

(12.9.4.6-1)

y:
t
tb
RAL
Rc
Rf

=
=
=
=
=

chiu dy ti thiu ca bn (mm)

chiu dy c bn ca bn ly theo Bng 1 (mm)
h s iu chnh ti trng trc trong Bng 2.
h s iu chnh cng b tng trong Bng 3.
h s ly bng 1,2 cho kt cu hp c nhp nh hn 8000 mm.
Bn gim ti
t lp xung quanh
Ti thiu
Nhp
Bn gim ti
t lp xung quanh
Ti thiu
Nhp

Hnh 12.9.4.6-1- Cng hp kim loi c bn gim ti bng b tng

555

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 12.9.4.6-2- Chiu dy c bn tb (mm) (Duncan, v ngi khc1985)

Phn loi thng nht
ca nn t di bn
(subgade)

cht tng i % ca t
trng kh ti a ca tiu
chun AASHTO
100

95

90

Chiu dy c bn ca bn (mm)
GW, GP, SW, SP hoc
SM

190

200

220

SM-SC hoc SC

200

220

230

ML hoc CL

220

230

240

Bng 12.9.4.6-2- H s iu chnh ti trng trc RAL(Duncan, v ngi khc1985)

Ti trng trc n
(N)

RAL

45 000
90 000
135 000
142 000
128 000
200 000
222 000

0,6
0,8
0,97
1,00
1,05
1,10
1,15

Bng 12.9.4.6-3- H s iu chnh cng b tng Rc (Duncan, v ngi khc 1985)

Cng nn ca b
tng f 'c (MPa)

Rc

21
24
28
31
34
38

1,19
1,15
1,10
1,05
1,01
0,97

41

0,94

12.9.5. Thi cng v lp t

H s hp ng phi yu cu thi cng v lp t theo ng Phn 603 ca Tiu chun thi cng.
12.10. ng b tng ct thp
12.10.1. Tng qut
phi p dng cc quy nh y cho vic thit k kt cu i vi cc ng b tng ct thp c sn
c vi c cc hnh dng vm, ellip, trn.
C th thit k kt cu cho cc loi ng ni trn theo mt trong hai phng php sau:

556

Tiu chun thit k cu

Phng php thit k trc tip theo trng thi gii hn cng theo quy nh trong iu 12.10.4.2
hoc

Phng php thit k gin tip theo trng thi gii hn s dng theo quy nh trong iu 12.10.4.3

12.10.2. Ti trng
12.10.2.1. Cc cch lp t tiu chun
Trong h s hp ng phi quy nh tng m mng v phn t lp ph hp vi quy nh ca
iu 27.5.2 ca tiu chun thi cng AASHTO LRFD.
Yu cu v cht ti thiu v chiu dy lp m dng cho cc cch p nn tiu chun v thi
cng o ho tiu chun phi theo quy nh ca Bng 1 v 2 tng ng.
Bng 12.10.2.1-1- t dng cho lp t ng trong p nn tiu chun v
cc yu cu m nn ti thiu

Loi lp t
Loi 1

Loi 2 - Cc lp t
dng cho ng ellip
nm, ellip ng hay
ng vm
Loi 3 - Cc lp t
dng cho ng ellip
nm, ellip ng hay
ng vm
Loi 4

Chiu dy lp m
i vi nn t, ti thiu
Bc/600mm, khng t hn 75mm
i vi nn , ti thiu
Bc/300mm, khng t hn 150mm
i vi nn t, ti thiu
Bc/600mm, khng t hn 75mm
i vi nn , ti thiu
Bc/300mm, khng t hn 150mm
i vi nn t, ti thiu
Bc/600mm khng t hn 75mm
i vi nn , ti thiu
Bc/300mm khng t hn 150mm
i vi nn t, khng cn lp
m.
i vi nn , ti thiu
Bc/300mm, khng t hn 150mm

Phn nch v
phn ngoi
lp m

Phn thnh
bn pha di

95% SW

90% SW,
95% ML
hay 100% CL

90% SW hay
95% ML

85% SW,
90% ML
hay 95% CL

85% SW,
90% ML
hay 95% CL

85% SW,
90% ML
hay 95% CL

Khng cn m
ln, tr phi CL
dng 85% CL

Khng cn m
ln, tr phi CL
dng 85% CL

Cc gii thch sau y dng cho Bng 1:

Cc k hiu v m ln v loii t ngha l 95 phn trm SW phi ly theo loi vt liu t SW

vi cht Proctor tiu chun nh nht bng 95% cc gi tr proctor ci tin tng ng c cho
trong Bng 3.

Phn t nm vng ngoi lp m mng, nch v phn di, ngoi phn trong vng Bc/3 tnh t
cc chn vm ca ng, phi c m cht t nht bng cht ca phn ln vng t p lp ph
trn ng.

Chiu rng t nht ca phn di thp ca h o phi ly bng 1,33 Bc hoc rng hn, nu cn c
khng gian thch hp t c cht quy nh i vi vng nch v m mng.

557

Tiu chun thit k cu

i vi phn di h o c cc vch t t nhin, phi m bo rn chc ca bt k phn t

nm bn di ca vch di ca h o t nht c rn chc tng ng vi cc yu cu m ln quy
nh cho vng bn sn pha di v c rn chc nh hu ht phn t lp ph bn trn kt cu.Nu
khng m bo nh vy, phi o i v thay bng t m cht cho n cao trnh quy nh.
Bng 12.10.2.1-2- t dng cho lp t kt cu trong o ho tiu chun v
cc yu cu m nn ti thiu

Loi lp t
Loi 1

Loi 2 - Cc lp
t dng cho ng
ellip nm, ellip
ng hay ng
vm
Loi 3 - Cc lp
t dng cho ng
ellip nm, ellip
ng hay ng
vm
Loi 4

Chiu dy lp m
i vi nn t, ti thiu BC/600
mm, khng t hn 75mm,
i vi nn , ti thiu
BC/300mm ,
khng t hn 150mm
i vi nn t, ti thiu BC/600
mm, khng t hn 75mm
Dng cho nn , ti thiu
BC/300mm,Khng t hn 150mm

Phn nch v
phn ngoi
lp m
95% SW

90% SW hay
95% ML

i vi nn t, ti thiu BC/600
mm, khng t hn 75mm
i vi nn , ti thiu
BC/300mm,Khng t hn 150mm

85% SW,
90% ML
hay 95% CL

i vi nn t, khng cn lp
m.
i vi nn , ti thiu
Bc/300mm khng t hn 150mm

Khng cn m
ln, tr phi CL
dng 85% CL

Phn thnh bn
pha di
90% SW,
95% ML
hay 100% CL hoc
t thin nhin c
rn chc ng u
85% SW,
95% ML,95%CL
hay t thin nhin
c rn chc ng
u
85% SW,
90% ML,
95% CL hay t
thin nhin c
rn chc ng u
85% SW,
90% ML,
95% CL hay t
thin nhin c
rn chc ng u

Cc gii thch sau y dng cho Bng 2:

Cc k hiu v m ln v loi t ngha l 95% SW phi ly theo loi vt liu t SW vi

cht Protor tiu chun nh nht bng 95% cc gi tr Protor ci tin tng ng c cho trong
Bng 3

Cao nh h o khng c thp hn cao trn dc hon thin l 0,1H; i vi lng ng

nh ca n khng c thp hn y ca vt liu lm mng mt ng l 300mm.

t nm trong vng m mng v vch kt cu phi c m ln t nht c cht nh quy nh

i vi hu ht t ca vng t lp.

Nu cn c khng gian thch hp t c m cht quy nh trong vng nch v phn m

mng th b rng h o phi rng hn tr s trong Hnh 1v 2 .

i vi vch ca cc h o c mi dc trong vng 10 so vi ng thng ng th m cht

hay rn chc ca t vng vch h o v vng thnh bn pha di khng cn xem xt.

i vi cc vch h o c mi dc ln hn 10 bao gm c phn nn p th phi m ln phn

vch bn pha di t nht t c m cht theo quy nh i vi t trong vng t lp.

558

Tiu chun thit k cu

Phi xc nh ti trng ca t khng c h s WE nh sau:

WE = g Fe s Bc H x10-9

(12.10.2.1-1)

trong :
WE

ti trng ca t ( N/mm)

Fe

h s tng tc t- kt cu i vi cch lp t c nh ngha y.

Bc

kch thc nm ngang ng o theo mt ngoi n mt ngoi (mm)

gia tc trng trng (m/s2)

chiu cao ca phn t t lp trn ng ( mm)

t trng ca t (kg/m3)

Phi ly trng lng n v ca t dng tnh ti trng do t gy ra bng trng lng n v

i vi t c quy nh dung cho vic lp t ng nhng khng c ly t hn 1760 kg/m3 .
Cc lp t tiu chun dng cho c hai nn p v o ho phi c thit k cho phn nh
(dng) theo cc iu kin ti trng nn p, trong phi ly Fe bng cc h s hiu ng vm
thng ng VAF quy nh trong Bng 1 dng cho tng loi lp t tiu chun.
i vi cc lp t tiu chun, phi dng phn b p lc t theo phn b HEGER nh cho trong
Hnh 1 v Bng 3 i vi tng cch lp t tiu chun.

Hnh 12.10.2.1-1- Phn b p lc HEGER v cc h s hiu ng vm

559

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 12.10.2.1-3- Cc h s dng theo Hnh 1

Loi lp t
1

VAF

1,35

1,40

1,40

1,45

HAF

0,45

0,40

0,37

0,30

A1

0,62

0,85

1,05

1,45

A2

0,73

0,55

0,35

0,00

A3

1,35

1,40

1,40

1,45

A4

0,19

0,15

0,10

0,00

A5

0,08

0,08

0,10

0,11

A6

0,18

0,17

0,17

0,19

1,40

1,45

1,45

1,45

0,40

0,40

0,36

0,30

0,18

0,19

0,20

0,25

0,08

0,10

0,12

0,00

0,05

0,05

0,05

0,80

0,82

0,85

0,90

0,80

0,70

0,60

Gii thch sau phi dng cho Bng 3:

VAF v HAF l cc h s hiu ng vm thng ng v nm ngang. Cc h s ny biu th ton b

cc ti trng t thng ng v nm ngang, tr s khng th nguyn tc dng ln ng.

Tng cc ti trng thc t thng ng v nm ngang bng (VAF) x (PL) v (HAF) x (PL) trong
PL l ti trng ca lng th.

Cc h s A1 n A6 biu th tch phn ca cc thnh phn p lc t khng th nguyn thng

ng v nm ngang thuc cc thnh phn ch r ca cc biu p lc thnh phn tc l din
tch di cc biu p lc thnh phn.

Gi thit p lc thay i hoc l theo parabn, hoc l ng thng nh th hin trn Hnh 1vi cc
i lng khng th nguyn cc im khng ch c biu th bng h1, h2, uh1, uh2, a v b

Cc gi tr kch thc khng th nguyn nm ngang v thng ng ca cc vng p lc thnh phn

c xc nh bi cc h s c, d, e, uc, vd v f, trong :
d = (0,5-c-e)

(12.10.2.1-2)

h1 =

(1,5A1)
(c)(1 + u)

(12.10.2.1-3)

h2 =

(1,5A2)
[(d)(1 + v) + (2e)]

(12.10.2.1-4)

Tiu chun thit k cu

560

12.10.2.2. Trng lng ca cht lng trong ng

Khi thit k phi xt trng lng cha nhn h s ca cht lng, WF trong ng trn c s t trng
cht lng l 1000kg/m3 nu khng c quy nh khc.
i vi cc lp t tiu chun, trng lng cht lng phi c chng bi p lc t thng ng
c gi thit c phn b ln phn bn di ca ng ging nh trong Hnh 12.10.2.1-1 i vi ti
trng t.

12.10.2.3. Cc hot ti
Phi ly hot ti theo quy nh ca iu 3.6 v phn b qua lp t ph theo quy nh trong iu
3.6.1.2.6. i vi cc lp t tiu chun, phi gi thit hot ti trn ng phn b u theo chiu thng
ng trn nh ng v phn b ln y ng tng t nh trong Hnh 12.10.2.1-1.
12.10.3. Trng thi gii hn s dng
12.10.3.1. Khng ch b rng vt nt trong b tng
Phi tnh ton chiu rng cc vt nt trn vch trng thi gii hn s dng cho mmen v lc nn.
Ni chung chiu rng vt nt khng c vt qa 0,25 mm.
12.10.4. An ton chng h hng kt cu
12.10.4.1. Tng qut
Phi xc nh sc khng ca kt cu ng b tng ct thp b vi chng li h hng kt cu trng thi
gii hn cng cho:

Un

Nn

Ct

Ko hng tm

Phi xc nh cc kch thc mt ct cng hoc bng phng php thit k trc tip cn c vo
tnh ton, hoc gin tip cn c theo kinh nghim.
Khi h s hp ng quy nh dng li ct 1/4 vng trn, ct ai v lng ct thp ellip, th phi
quy nh hng lp t ng v thit k phi tnh n kh nng b t sai hng mt gc l 10o
trong khi lp t ng.

12.10.4.2. Phng php thit k trc tip

12.10.4.2.1. Ti trng v phn b p lc
Tng ti trng thng ng tc ng ln ng phi c xc nh theo iu 12.10.2.1.
Phn b p lc ln ng do ti trng v phn lc mng phi c xc nh t phn tch t, kt cu hoc
t phng php gn ng hp l, c hai u c php dng s p lc bin s Hnh 1 v phng
php phn tch ng.

561

Tiu chun thit k cu

nh nn p

Hnh 12.10.4.2.1-1- Gi v phn b p lc thit k quanh ng b tng vi

phn tch theo thit k trc tip
12.10.4.2.2. Phn tch hiu ng lc vng ng
Hiu ng lc trong ng phi xc nh hoc bng phn tch n hi ca vng ng di phn b p lc
c gi nh hoc phn tch t-kt cu.

562

Tiu chun thit k cu

12.10.4.2.3. H s ch to v vt liu
H s ch to v vt liu, FrP cho ko hng tm v FvP cho cng ct c ly bng 1.0 cho thit k
ng b tng ct thp ch to ti nh my. C th dng cc tr s ln hn nu c chng c th nghim
ph hp vi AASHTO M 242 M (ASTM C 655M)
12.10.4.2.4. Sc khng un trng thi gii hn cng
12.10.4.2.4a. Ct thp vng
Ct thp chu un trn mm di cn tha mn:
As

g d - N u g [ g (d) 2 N u (2d h) - 2M u ]
fy

(12.10.4.2.4a-1)

trong :
g = 0.85 f/c

(12.10.4.2.4a-2)

y:
As

din tch ct thp trn mm chiu di ng ( mm2/mm )

fy

cng chy theo quy nh ca ct thp (MPa)

c ly t mt chu nn ti trng tm ct thp ko (mm )

chiu dy vch ng (mm)

Mu

mmen do ti trng tnh ton (N-mm/ mm)

Nu

lc nn do ti trng tnh ton l dng khi nn (N/mm)

h s sc khng un cho trong iu 12.5.5.

12.10.4.2.4b. Ct thp ti thiu

Din tch ct thp, As , trn mm chiu di ng khng c nh hn:

Cho mt trong ng c hai lp ct thp:

2,26 10 5 (S i + h )
0,15
fy
2

As

(12.10.4.2.4b-1)

Cho mt ngoi ng c hai lp ct thp:

1,36 10 5 (S i + h )
0,15
fy
2

Aa

(12.10.4.2.4b-2)

Vi ct thp hnh e-lip trong ng trn v vi ng trn c ng knh bng hoc nh hn 840 mm
ch c mt vng ct thp mt phn ba vch ng:

4,5 10 5 (S i + h )
0,15
fy
2

As

(12.10.4.2.4b-3)

563

Tiu chun thit k cu

y:
Si

ng knh trong hoc khu ngang ca ng (mm)

chiu dy vch ng (mm)

fy

cng chy ca ct thp (MPa)

12.10.4.2.4c. Ct thp chu un ti a khng c ct ai

Ct thp chu un khng c ct ai trn mm chiu di ng phi tha mn:

vi thp bn trong chu ko hng tm:

A s max

0,111rs Frp f c (R )Frt

fy

(12.10.4.2.4c-1)

y:
rs

bn knh ca thp pha trong (mm)

fc

cng nn ca b tng (MPa)

fy

cng chy ca quy nh ca ct thp (MPa)

r /f t l ca h s sc khng i vi ko hng tm v mmen trong iu 12.5.5

Frp

1,0 tr khi gi tr ln hn c minh chng bng s liu th nghim v c k s duyt

trong :

Vi 300 mm Si 1830 mm
Fn = 1 + 0,000328(1830- Si)

Vi 1830mm Si 3660mm

Frt =

(3660 S i )2
16,77 10 6

+ 0,80

Vi Si > 3660mm
Frt = 0,80

Vi ct thp chu nn:

380,0g d

0,75N u
600 + f y

Asmax =
fy

trong :

g = fc [0,85 - 0,0073 (fc - 28)]

(12.10.4.2.4c-3)

0,85 fc g 0,65 fc

(12.10.4.2.4c-4)

y:

(12.10.4.2.4c-2)

h s sc khng un ly trong iu 5.5.4.2

564

Tiu chun thit k cu

12.10.4.2.4d. Ct thp do khng ch b rng vt nt

H s b rng vt nt, Fcr, c th xc nh theo:

Nu Ns l nn c ly l dng v:

Ms + N s d

1,9 10 B1
2

0,083 C1h 2 fc
Fcr =
dA s
ij

(12.10.4.2.4d-1)

Nu Ns l ko c ly l m v:

Fcr =

1,9 10 4 B 1
(1,1Ms - 0,6Nsd - 0,083C1h2 fc )
dA s

(12.10.4.2.4d-2)

trong :
j = 0,74 + 0,1

i=

e
0,9
d

1
jd

1
e

e =

(12.10.4.2.4d-3)

(12.10.4.2.4d-4)

Ms
h
+d
Ns
2

(12.10.4.2.4d-5)

(25,4 ) t b S l 3
B1 =

2n

y:
Ms

mmen un trng thi gii hn s dng (N-mm/mm)

Ns

lc nn hng tm trng thi gii hn s dng (N/mm)

c ly t mt b nn n trng tm ct thp ko (mm)

chiu dy vch (mm)

fc

cng nn quy nh ca b tng (MPa)

C1

h s khng ch nt cho cc loi ct thp khc nhau Bng 1

As

din tch ct thp mm2/mm

tb

lp bo v ct thp (mm)

Si

c ly ct thp trn (mm)

1,0 khi ct thp ko l mt lp

2,0 khi ct thp ko gm nhiu lp

h s sc khng und nh quy nh trong iu 12.5.5

(12.10.4.2.4d-6)

565

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 12.10.4.2.4d-1 H s kim tra nt

Loi

Ct thp

C1

Si trn hoc thanh trn

1,0

Tm si trn hn vi c ly
ti a theo chiu dc
bng 200 mm

1,5

Tm si c g hn, si c
g, thanh ct thp bt k
vi ct ai neo li.

1,9

Vi ct thp loi 2 trong Bng 1 c t2b Si /n > 50000 th h s chiu rng vt nt Fcr cng phi kho st
bng cc h s B1 v C1 quy nh cho loi 3 v phi dng tr s Fcr no ln hn.
C th dng tr s C1 ln hn nu c minh chng bng s liu th nghim v c K s chp thun.
12.10.4.2.4e. Lp b tng bo v ti thiu

Cn p dng cc quy nh ca iu 5.12.3 v lp b tng bo v ti thiu, tr cc quy nh sau :

Nu chiu dy vch ng nh hn 63 mm, lp bo v khng c mng hn 20 mm v

Nu chiu dy vch ng khng nh hn 63 mm, lp bo v khng mng hn 26 mm.

12.10.4.2.5. Sc khng ct khng c ct ai

Phi kho st mt ct v lc ct mt ct nguy him khi Mu / (Vu d) = 3,0. Sc khng ct tnh ton
khng c ct ai Vr c ly bng:
Vr = Vn

(10.10.4.2.5-1)

F
Vn =5,23d Fvp f c (0,0175 + ) d
Fc F n

(12.10.4.2.5-2)

trong :

As
0,02
d

Vi cc ng c hai lng ct thp hoc mt lng ct elip

Fd = 0,8 +

(12.10.4.2.5-3)

41
1,3
d

(12.10.4.2.5-4)

i vi ng c ng knh vt qu 915mm c mt lng ct thp trn n

Fd = 0,8 +

41
1,4
d

(12.10.4.2.5-5)

566

Tiu chun thit k cu

Nu Nu l nn, n c dng du dng v:

Fn = 1 +

Nu
4200 h

(12.10.4.2.5-6)

Nu Nu l ko, n c dng du m v:

Fn = 1 +

Nu
1050 h

(12.10.4.2.5-7)

Fc = 1

d
2r

(12.10.4.2.5-8)

4(h d )

Mnu = Mu - Nu

(12.10.4.2.5-9)

Du i s Phng trnh 8 ly l dng khi ng sut ko mp bn trong ng v l m khi n mp

bn ngoi ng.
y:
fcmax =

48 MPa

c ly t mt chu nn n trng thp ko (mm)

h s sc khng ct iu 5.5.4.2

bn knh tm vch ng b tng (mm)

Nu

lc nn do ti trng tnh ton (N/mm)

Vu

lc ct do ti trng tnh ton (N/mm)

Fvp

h s ch to v vt liu trong iu 12.10.4.2.3

Nu sc khng ct tnh ton y khng th phi lm cc ct ai hng tm ph hp vi

iu 12.10.4.2.6.
12.10.4.2.6. Sc khng ct c ct ai hng tm

Ct thp chu ko v thp ct ai chu ct hng tm khng c nh hn:

Vi ko hng tm:

A vr =

1,1s v (M u 0,45N u r d )
fy rs r d

Sv 0,75 v d

(12.10.4.2.6-1)
(12.10.4.2.6-2)

Vi ct:

A vr =

1,1S v
(Vu Fc Vc ) + A vr
fy v d

Sv 0,75 r d

(12.10.4.2.6-3)

(12.10.4.2.6-4)

567

Tiu chun thit k cu

trong :

Vc =

4Vv
0,166 v d f c
M nu
+1
Vu d

(12.10.4.2.6-5)

y:
Mu

m men un do ti trng tnh ton (N.mm/mm)

Mnu

m men tnh ton tc dng ln chiu rng mt ct b iu chnh cc hiu ng ca lc

nn hoc ko (N.mm/mm)

Nu

lc nn do ti trng tnh ton (N/mm)

Vu

lc ct do ti trng tnh ton (N/mm)

Vc

sc khng ct ca mt ct b tng (N/mm)

c ly t mt chu nn ti trng tm ct thp ko (mm)

fy

cng chy theo quy nh ca ct thp, tr s ca fy phi ly s nh hn ca cng

chy ca ct ai hoc kh nng neo ca n (MPa)

rs

bn knh ca ct thp bn trong (mm)

sv

c ly gia cc ct ai (mm)

Vr

sc khng ct tnh ton ca mt ct ng khng c ct ai hng tm trn n v chiu di

ng (N/mm)

Avr

din tch ct thp ai chu ko hng tm trn n v chiu rng mt ct ca mi hng ct

ai c ly trn sv (mm2/mm)

Avs

din tch cn thit cho ct thp ai (mm2/mm)

fc

cng nn ca b tng (MPa)

h s khng ct trong iu 12.5.5

h s khng ko hing tm trong iu 12.5.5

Fc

h s cong xc nh theo Phng trnh 12.10.4.2.5-6

12.10.4.2.7. Neo ct thp ai

12.10.4.2.7a. Neo ct ai chu ko hng tm

Khi dng cc ct ai chu ko hng tm, phi neo cc ct ai vng quanh tng ng cun trn ca
lng ct thp bn trong khai trin sc khng ca ct ai v phi neo chng xung quanh lng ngoi
hoc phi c chn vo vng chu nn mt on di pht trin sc khng cn thit ca ct ai.
12.10.4.2.7b. Neo ct ai chu ct

Tr khi c quy nh y, trong trng hp khng yu cu ct ai chu ko hng tm m ch yu cu

chu ct th c ly theo chiu dc ca chng phi m bo neo quanh mi vng trn chu ko hoc mi
vng trn chu ko khc. C ly ca cc ct ai ny khng c vt qu 150mm.
12.10.4.2.7c. chn su ca cc ai

Cc ct ai dng chng li cc lc cc vng bn y vm ngc v vng nh vm phi c neo

y vo pha i din ca vch ng khai trin c sc khng cn thit ca ct ai.

568

Tiu chun thit k cu

12.10.4.3. Phng php thit k gin tip

12.10.4.3.1. Sc khng

Phi xc nh ti trng t v hot ti trn ng ph hp vi iu 12.10.2 v so snh vi ti trng D- sc

khng ba mp ca ng. Phi p dng trng thi gii hn s dng vi cc tiu chun chp nhn c
v b rng vt nt quy nh y.
Ti trng D cho cc lp kch thc ng phi c xc nh ph hp vi AASHTO M 242 (ASTM
C655M)
Sc khng ba mp ca ng cng b tng ct thp ph hp vi chiu rng vt nt 0,25 mm quan st
c qua th nghim khng c nh hn ti trng thit k c xc nh cho lp t ng ly bng:

1000 WE + WF
WL
D=
+

B FLL
S i B FE

(12.10.4.3.1-1)

trong :
BFE

BFLL =

h s nn cho ti trng t quy nh trong iu 12.10.4.3.2a hay iu 12.10.4.3.2b

h s nn cho hot ti quy nh trong iu 12.10.4.3.2c

Si

ng knh trong ca ng (mm)

WE

tng ti trng t cha nhn h s c quy nh trong iu 12.10.2.1 (N/mm)

WF

tng ti trng cht lng cha nhn h s trong ng c quy nh trong iu 12.10.2.3
(N/mm)

WL

ton b hot ti cha nhn h s trn mt n v chiu di ng c quy nh trong

iu 12.10.2.4 (N/mm)

i vi cc lp t loi 1, cc ti trng D tnh trn phi c nhn vi h s lp t bng 1,10

12.10.4.3.2. H s nn

Trong h s hp ng phi yu cu cht ti thiu quy nh trong cc Bng 12.10.2.1-1 v 12.10.2.1- 2.

12.10.4.3.2a. H s nn cho ti trng t i vi ng trn
Cc h s nn cho ti trng t, BFE dng cho ng trn c ng knh lit k trong Bng 1.
i vi cc ng knh ng khc so vi nhng con s lit k trong Bng 1, cc h s nn trong
iu kin nn p BFE c th xc nh theo cch ni suy.

569

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 12.10.4.3.2a-1- Cc h s nn cho ng trn

Cc lp t tiu chun

ng knh ng
danh nh (mm)

Loi 1

Loi 2

Loi 3

Loi 4

300

4,4

3,2

2,5

1,7

600

4,2

3,0

2,4

1,7

900

4,0

2,9

2,3

1,7

1800

3,8

2,8

2,2

1,7

3600

3,6

2,8

2,2

1,7

12.10.4.3.2b. H s nn cho ti trng t i vi ng vm v ng ellip

Phi ly h s nn cho lp t ng vm v ellip theo cng thc:

B FE =

CA
C N xq

(12.10.4.3.2b-1)

trong :
CA
CN

=
=

hng s tng ng vi hnh dng ng theo quy nh ca Bng 1

thng s, l hm s phn b ca ti trng thng ng v phn lc thng ng, theo
quy nh ca Bng 1
thng s, l hm s ca din tch ca phn hnh chiu thng ng ca ng trn p
lc ngang l hu ch theo quy nh Bng 1
t s ca ton b p lc ngang vi ton b ti trng t lp thng ng theo quy nh y

Cc gi tr tnh ton ca CA v x theo Bng 1

Bng 12.10.4.3.2b-1- Cc gi tr tnh ton ca cc thng s trong phng trnh h s nn
Hnh dng
ng
Vm v
ellip nm

Ellip ng

CA

Loi
lp t

CN

1,337

1,021

T s hnh
chiu, P

0,630

0,9
0,7

0,421
0,369

0,763

0,5
0,3

0,268
0,148

0,516

0,9
0,7

0,718
0,639

0,615

0,5
0,3

0,457
0,238

Gi tr ca thng s q c ly nh sau:

i vi ng vm v ng ellip nm:

q = 0,23

B
p
1 + 0,35p c
Fe
H

(12.10.4.3.2b-2)

570

Tiu chun thit k cu

i vi ng ellip ng:

q = 0,48

B
p
1 + 0,73p c
Fe
H

(12.10.4.3.2b-3)

trong :
p

t s hnh chiu, t s ca khong cch thng ng tnh t nh ngoi ca ng n

mt lp lt nn vi chiu cao pha ngoi thng ng ca ng,

12.10.4.3.2c. Cc h s nn cho hot ti

Cc h s nn cho hot ti WL dng cho c ng trn v vm v ng ellip u c ly trong Bng 1
Nu BFE nh hn BFLL th dng BFE thay cho BFLL khi tnh h s nn cho hot ti. i vi ng c
ng knh khng c lit k trong bng 1, c th xc nh h s nn theo cch ni suy.
Bng 12.10.4.3.2c-1- Cc h s nn BFLL dng cho xe ti thit k
Chiu
cao lp
t (mm)

ng knh ng danh nh mm
300

600

900

1200

1500

1800

2100

2400

2700

3000

3600

150

2,2

1,7

1,4

1,3

1,3

1,1

1,1

1,1

1,1

1,1

1,1

300

2,2

2,2

1,7

1,5

1,4

1,3

1,3

1,3

1,1

1,1

1,1

450

2,2

2,2

2,1

1,8

1,5

1,4

1,4

1,3

1,3

1,3

1,1

600

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,0

1,8

1,5

1,5

1,4

1,4

1,3

1,3

750

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,0

1,8

1,7

1,5

1,4

1,4

1,3

900

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,2

1,8

1,7

1,5

1,5

1,4

1050

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,2

1,9

1,8

1,7

1,5

1,4

1200

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,1

1,9

1,8

1,7

1,5

1350

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,0

1,9

1,8

1,7

1500

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,0

1,9

1,8

1650

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,0

1,9

1800

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,1

2,0

1950

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,2

12.10.4.4. Khai trin li ct thp 1/4 vng trn

12.10.4.4.1. Lng ct thp ti thiu

Thay cho vic phn tch chi tit, khi dng li ct thp 1/4 vng trn, th din tch ca lng ct thp ch
khng c nh hn 25 phn trm ca din tch yu cu im c mmen cc i.
12.10.4.4.2. Chiu di khai trin ca li ct si hn
Tr khi y c thay i, phi p dng iu 5.11.2.5
12.10.4.4.3. Khai trin li ct thp 1/4 vng trn bao gm c li ct si hn

chn su ca on ct dc ngoi cng mi u ca cun vng trn khng c nh hn:

Tiu chun thit k cu

571

Gi tr ln hn gia 12 ln ng knh thanh cun trn v ba phn t chiu dy vch ng v i ra

ngoi im ti ct li 1/4 vng trn khng cn na bi gc inh hng v

Khong cch ra bn ngoi im c ng sut un ln nht do bi gc inh hng cng vi chiu di

khai trin Ld trong Ld c quy nh theo iu 5.11.2.5.2.

Li si phi cha khng t hn 2 ct dc vi 1 khong cch ln hn 25mm so vi khong cch

c xc nh bi gc inh hng t mt trong hai bn ca im yu cu ct thp chu un nhiu
nht.

im chn su ca thanh dc ngoi cng ca li si t nht phi m bo mt khong cch c

xc nh bi gc nh hng v vt qua im ti lng ct thp c tip tc ko di khng t
hn hai ln din tch yu cu chu un.

12.10.4.4.4. S khai trin li 1/4 vng trn bao gm cc thanh c g, si thp c g hay li
ct si c g

Khi dng cc thanh c g, si c g hay li ct si c g th cc thanh un trn trong li ct 1/4

vng trn phi tho mn cc yu cu sau:

Cc thanh cun trn phi ko di vt qu im ti chng khng cn yu cu bi gc nh

hng cng vi s ln hn gia 12 ng knh si (hay thanh) v ba phn t chiu dy vch ca
ng.

Cc thanh cun trn phi ko di ra c 2 pha ca im c ng sut chu un cc i, khng nh

hn gc nh hng cng vi chiu di khai trin Lhd theo quy nh ca iu 5.11.2.5.1 v c
iu chnh bi h s hoc cc h s iu chnh thch hp.

Cc thanh cun trn phi ko di t nht 1 khong cch c xc nh bi gc inh hng vt qu

im ti lng ct thp c tip tc ko di khng t hn hai ln din tch yu cu chu un.

12.10.5. Thi cng v lp t

H s hp ng cn phi cu thi cng v lp t ph hp vi Phn 603 ca Tiu chun thi cng

12.11. Cng hp b tng ct thp c ti ch v c sn v vm b tng
ct thp c ti ch
12.11.1. Tng qut

Cc quy nh y phi c p dng cho thit k kt cu cng hp b tng ct thp c ti ch v c

sn v vm b tng ct thp c ti ch vi vnh vm lin khi vi chn vm.
Thit k phi ph hp vi cc iu c th p dng ca Tiu chun ny tr quy nh khc y.

572

Tiu chun thit k cu

12.11.2. Ti trng v phn b hot ti

12.11.2.1. Tng Qut

Phi p dng ti trng v t hp ti trng ghi Bng 3.4.1-1. Phi xt hot ti nh quy nh trong
iu 3.6.1.3. Phn b ti trng bnh xe v lc tp trung i vi cng c lp ph nh hn 600 mm phi
c ly nh i vi bn mt cu trong iu 5.14.4. Yu cu v ct thp phn b pha di ca bn
pha trn ca cng phi lm theo quy nh iu 9.7.3.2.
Phn b ti trng bnh xe i vi cng c lp ph bng hoc ln hn 600 mm phi theo quy nh
iu 3.6.1.2.6.
Lc xung kch i vi kt cu vi phi ph hp vi iu 3.6.2.2.

12.11.2.2. iu chnh ti trng t do tng tc t - kt cu

12.11.2.2.1. Cc iu kin p nn v o ho
Thay cho vic phn tch chnh xc, c th tnh ton b ti trng t cha nhn h s WE tc dng
ln cng nh sau:

i vi cc lp t theo kiu p nn ng

WE = gFe s B c H 10 9

(12.11.2.2.1-1)

trong :

Fe = 1 + 0,20

H
Bc

(12.11.2.2.1-2)

i vi cc lp t theo kiu o ho
WE = g Ft s Bc H 10-9

(12.11.2.2.1-3)

trong :

Ft =

CdB2d
HB c

Fe

trong :
g

gia tc trng trng (m/s2 )

WE

ton b ti trng t cha nhn h s (N/mm)

Bc

chiu rng tnh theo mt ngoi ca cng theo quy nh Hnh 1 hay 2 khi thch hp (mm)

chiu cao phn t lp theo quy nh Hnh 1 v 2 (mm)

Fe

h s tng tc t - kt cu dng cho cch lp t p nn c quy nh y

Ft

h s tng tc t - kt cu dng cho cch lp t o ho c quy nh y

t trng t lp (kg/m3)

Bd

chiu rng nm ngang ca h o quy nh theo Hnh 2 (mm)

Cd

h s quy nh trong Hnh 3

573

Tiu chun thit k cu

Fe khng vt qu 1,15 khi lp t vi t m dc hai bn ca mt ct hp, hoc 1,40 khi lp at

vi t khng m cht dc hai bn ca mt ct hp.
Khi lp t kiu o ho m b rng ho ln hn kch thc nm ngang ca cng qu 300mm,
Ft phi ly khng qu tr s c chn i vi lp t kiu p nn.

t p
p
t

Lp
tobng
mt dng
phng (bng vt liu
Lp lm
ht
nh
dy
ti
thiu 50mm)
vt liu ht nh (ti
thiu ddy 50 mm)

Mt t hoc mt t p hin c
Mt t hoc mt t
p hin c

iu kin nn p

Hnh 12.11.2.2.1-1- iu kin nn p - cc mt ct hp b tng c sn

t lp
t
p

Vtliu
liu
lp c m nn
Vt
lp
c m nn
Lp to mt phng (bng vt liu
Lp lm
ht
nh bng
dy ti thiu 50mm)
dng vt liu
ht nh ti
thiu dy 50 mm

iu kin o ho
Hnh 12.11.2.2.1-2- iu kin o ho - cc mt ct hp b tng c sn

574

Tiu chun thit k cu

K v K '

=0.1924 (min i

vi mt vt liu ht khng
dnh kt)

K v K '

=0.165 ((max

i vi ct v si)

K v K '

= 0.150 ((max i

Ts
sh/b
h/bdd
T

vi t bo ho nc bn
trn)

K v K '

= 0.130 (thng

thng max i vi t st)

K v K '

= 0.110 (max i

vi t st bo ho nc)

Tr s h s ti trng cd

Hnh 12.11.2.2.1-3- H s Cd dng cho cc lp t thuc o ho

12.11.2.2. Cc lp t khc
i vi cc phng php lp t khng thuc p nn hay o ho c th c dng chit gim
ti trng tc dng ln cng, bao gm cc phng php lp t dng mt phn, khng nh (0,0),
nh (m), h dn v kch y.
Ti trng dng cho cc lp t loi ny c th c xc nh theo cc phng php c chp
nhn da trn cc th nghim, phn tch tng tc t - kt cu hay cc kinh nghim qua.

12.11.2.3. Phn b cc ti trng tp trung ln bn y ca cng hp

Chiu rng ca di bn trn nh dng phn b cc ti trng bnh xe tp trung quy nh trong
iu 12.11.2 cng phi dng xc nh cc mmen, lc ct v lc nn cc tng bn v bn
y.

12.11.2.4. Phn b ca cc ti trng tp trung trong cc cng hp cho

Khng cn iu chnh hiu ng cho i vi phn b ti trng bnh xe theo iu 12.11.2.3.
12.11.3. Trng thi gii hn s dng

Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 5.7.3.4 khng ch b rng vt nt trong cng hp c ti ch

v c sn cng nh vm b tng ct thp c ti ch.

Tiu chun thit k cu

575

12.11.4. An ton chng h hng kt cu

12.11.4.1. Tng qut

Tt c cc mt ct phi c thit k trng thi gii hn cng vi ti trng tnh ton quy nh
trong Bng 3.4.1-1 tr nhng iu chnh y. Phi kim tra ct trong cng ph hp vi iu 5.14.5.3.

12.11.4.2. Mmen thit k cho cng hp

Khi m nch ca kt cu lin khi c quy nh vt 45o th ct thp m trong tng v bn c th thit
k theo mmen un mt ct gia nch v bn. Nn khng phi p dng cc quy nh ca Phn 5.

12.11.4.3. Ct thp ti thiu

12.11.4.3.1. Kt cu c ti ch

Ct thp tt c cc mt ct chu un, bao gm mt trong ca tng, khng c t hn quy nh trong

iu 5.7.3.3.2. Ct thp chu co ngt v nhit phi c t gn mt trong ca tng v bn ph hp
vi iu 5.10.8.
12.11.4.3.2. Kt cu hp c sn
tt c cc mt chu ko un t l gia ct thp chu un chnh theo hng nhp trn tng din tch b
tng khng c nh hn 0,002. Ct thp ti thiu ny phi c t mt trong ca tng v mi
hng ca bn nh hp c lp ph nh hn 600 mm.

Khng p dng cc quy nh ca iu 5.10.8 cho mt ct hp b tng c sn c sn xut vi chiu

di khng qa 5000 mm. Nu lm di qa 5000 mm th ct thp dc ti thiu cho co ngt v nhit
phi ph hp vi iu 5.10.8.

12.11.4.4. Lp bo v ti thiu cho kt cu hp c sn

Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 5.12.3 tr cc quy nh y cho kt cu hp c sn.
Nu chiu cao lp ph bng hoc nh hn 600 mm th lp bo v bn nh phi bng 50 mm cho mi
loi ct thp.
Khi dng tm si thp hn, lp bo v ti thiu phi ln hn ba ln ng knh ca si thp hoc
25mm.
12.11.5. Thi cng v lp t

H s hp ng cn yu cu thi cng v lp t ph hp vi Phn 603 ca Tiu chun Thi cng.

12.12. ng nha do nng
12.12.1. Tng qut

Cc quy nh y phi c p dng cho thit k kt cu ng nha vi c vch cng, gn sng hoc
profin lm bng nha polyetylen PE hoc polyvinil clorit PVC.

576

Tiu chun thit k cu

12.12.2. Trng thi gii hn s dng

Phi gii hn xon cc b ti a cho php ca ng nha c lp t trn c s nhng yu cu khai

thc v n nh chung trong lp t. Bin dng ko ca th bin khng c vt qa bin dng di hn
cho php trong Bng 12.12.3.3-1. Bin dng ko tnh phi l chnh s hc gia bin dng ko do un v
bin dng nn vng.
12.12.3. An ton chng h hng kt cu
12.12.3.1. Tng qut
Kt cu ng nha vi phi c kho st trng thi gii hn cng i vi lc nn v on.

12.12.3.2. c trng mt ct
Cc c trng mt ct ca ng gn sng PE, ng c sn PE v ng c sn PVC c th ly tng ng
trong cc Bng A12-11 n A12-13 trong Ph lc A12.

12.12.3.3. Cc yu cu ha hc v c hc
Cc tnh cht c hc dng trong thit k cho Bng 1.
Tr i vi n nh on vic la chn cc yu cu v tnh cht c hc ban u hay 50 nm, ty theo
tng trng hp p dng c th phi do K s xc nh. Kim tra v n nh on phi da trn tr s m
un n hi 50 nm.
Bng 12.12.3.3-1- Tnh cht c hc ca ng nha

Loi ng

Loi c ngn
(Cell) ti thiu

Bin dng
di hn cho
php %

Ban u
Fu min
E min
(PMa)
(PMa)

50 nm
Fu min E min
(PMa)
(PMa)

ng PE vch cng
ASTM F714

ASTM D3350,
335434C

5,0

20,7

758

9,93

152

ng PE gn sng
AASHTO 294

ASTM D3350,
335420C

5,0

20,7

758

6,21

152

ASTM D3350,
334433C
ASTM D3350,
335434C
ASTM D1784,
12454C
ASTM D1784,
12364C
ASTM D1784,
12454C
ASTM D1784,
12364C

5,0

20,7

552

7,72

138

5,0

20,7

758

9,93

152

5,0

48,3

2760

25,5

965

3.5

41,4

3030

17,9

1090

5.0

48,3

2760

25,5

965

3.5

41,4

3030

17,9

1090

ng PE profin
ASTMF894
ng PVC vch cng
AASHTO M278
ASTMF679

ng PVC profin
AASHTO M304

577

Tiu chun thit k cu

12.12.3.4. Lc nn

Lc nn tnh ton trn n v chiu di ca vch kt cu ng nha vi ly bng:

S
T L = PL
2

(12.12.3.4-1)

trong :
TL

lc nn tnh ton trn n v chiu di

ng knh ng (mm)

PL

p lc thng ng tnh ton trn nh (MPa)

(N/mm)

12.12.3.5. Sc khng ca vch

Sc khng tnh ton ca vch i vi lc nn Rr ly bng:
Rr = A Fu

(12.12.3.5-1)

y:
Fu

=
=
=

cng ko (MPa) ly theo Bng 12.12.3.3-1

h s sc khng trong iu 12.5.5
din tch vch (mm2/mm)

12.12.3.6. n nh on
Phi kho st v n nh on i vi vch ng. Nu fcr < Fu th phi tnh li tr s A bng fcr thay cho Fu.
R
f cr = 0,77
A

BM s

EI
0,149R 3

(12.12.3.6-1)

trong :

B = 1 0,33

R=c +

hw
h

ID
2

(12.12.3.6-2)
(12.12.3.6-3)

y:
fcr
c
Ms
E
I
ID
hw
h

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

cng on ca vch ng (MPa)

c ly t mt ngoi n trc trung ha (mm)
m un ca t (MPa)
m un n hi di hn trong Bng 12.12.3.3.1-1 (MPa)
mmen qun tnh (mm4/mm)
ng knh trong (mm)
chiu cao mt nc trn ng (mm)
chiu cao mt t trn ng (mm)

Vi t lp bn ph hp vi iu 12.6.6.3 c th dng tr s 11,7MPa cho Ms trong Phng trnh 1.

12.12.3.7. Cc yu cu v cu lp
H s un FF bng mm/N ly bng:

578

Tiu chun thit k cu

FF =

S2
EI

(12.12.3.7-1)

y:
I

mmen qun tnh (mm4/mm)

m un n hi (MPa)

ng knh ng (mm)

H s un FF phi c gii hn theo quy nh trong iu 12.5.6.3.

12.12.3.8. Sc khng on cc b ca vch ng

Sc khng on ca vch ng dng gn sng v profin phi c kim tra bng th nghim.
12.13. Tm v hm bng thp
12.13.1. Tng qut
Phi p dng cc quy nh trong iu ny cho vic thit k kt cu i vi cc tm v hm bng
thp. Vic thi cng phi tun theo Chng 825 ca Tiu chun Thi cng .
Tm v hm c th c cu to theo kiu hai bn cnh c lm gn sng ton b vi cc mi
ni chng theo chiu dc hoc c th cu to kiu 4 bn cnh gn sng mt phn v c ni dc
bng mt bch. C hai loi u phi dng bulng lin kt to thnh cc vnh khuyn trn.
12.13.2. Ti trng
Khng c p dng cc quy nh v ti trng t theo iu 3.11.5 cho kt cu hm.

12.13.2.1. Ti trng t
Phi p dng quy nh ca iu 12.4.1. Nu khng p dng cc phng php phn tch t chnh
xc hn th p lc ca t c th ly nh sau:
WE = g Cdt S S 10-9

trong :
g

gia tc trng trng (m/S2)

cdt

h s ti trng dng cho xy lp hm c quy nh theo Hnh 1

t trng ton b ca t (kg/m3).

WE

p lc t nh (MPa).

ng knh hay khu nhp ca hm (mm)

(12.3.2.1-1)

579

Cc gi tr ca H/S

Tiu chun thit k cu

Cc gi tr ca h s Cdt

Hnh 12.13.2.1-1- Biu dng cho h s Cdt dng cho hm trong t

trong :
H

chiu cao ca phn t trn nh hm (mm)

12.13.2.3. Hot ti
Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 12.6.1

12.13.2.3. p lc phun va
Nu p lc phun va ln hn ti trng thit k tnh th ti trng thit k WT tc dng ln v
hm phi bng p lc phun va.
12.13.3. An ton chng h hng kt cu
12.13.3.1. Cc c trng mt ct
Tm v hm bng thp phi tho mn cc yu cu ti thiu ca Bng 1 i vi cc c trng mt
ct ngang. Bng 2 dng cho sc khng ca mi ni v Bng 3 dng cho cc c trng c hc.

12.13.3.2. Din tch vch

Phi p dng cc yu cu ca cc iu 12.7.2.2 v 12.7.2.3 bng cch s dng din tch hu hiu
trong Bng 12.13.4.1-1.

12.13.3.3. n nh on
Phi p dng cc yu cu ca iu 12.3.2.2 v 12.7.2.4 tr phi h s cng ca t k c th thay
i t 0,22 n 0,44 ph thuc vo cht lng v mc s dng vt liu chn lp.

580

Tiu chun thit k cu

12.13.3.4. Sc khng ca mi ni
Phi p dng cc yu cu ca iu 12.7.2.5.

12.13.3.5. cng trong thi cng

cng trong thi cng phi c ch nh bng h s cng xy dng bng:

Cs =

EI
S2

(12.13.3.5-1)

trong :
S

ng knh hay khu nhp

m un dn hi (MPa)

m men qun tnh (mm4/mm)

Cc gi tr ca Cs theo phng trnh 1 khng c t hn cc gi tr dng cho tm v hm bng

thp trong iu 12.5.6.4.

581

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 12.13.3.1-1- Cc c trng mt ct ngang - tm v hm bng thp

Tm v hm kiu 2 bn cnh
Chiu dy (mm)

Din tch hu
hiu (mm2/mm)

M men qun
tnh (mm4/mm)

Bn knh hi
chuyn

1,91
2,67
3,43
4,17
4,55
5,31
6,08

2,44
3,43
4,42
5,42
5,92
6,91
7,92

557
808
1048
1296
1428
1692
1932

15,12
15,29
15,39
15,47
15,52
15,63
15,63

Tm v hm kiu 4 bn cnh
Chiu dy
(mm)

Din tch
(mm2/mm)

2,67
3,04
3,43
4,17
4,55
5,31
6,07
6,35
7,94
9,53

3,38
3,86
4,32
5,31
5,77
6,71
7,62
7,85
9,80
11,68

Din tch hu M men qun Bn knh

hiu (mm2/mm) tnh (mm4/mm) hi chuyn
1,70
1,93
2,16
2,67
2,90
3,35
3,81
3,94
4,90
5,84

689
803
901
1150
1230
1430
1970
1660
2020
2340

14,3
14,4
14,4
14,7
14,1
14,6
14,1
14,5
14,3
14,2

Bng 12.13.3.1-2- Cng mi ni dc ti thiu vi cc yu cu v bu lng

v ai c cho tm v hm bng thp
Chiu
dy tm
(mm)
1,91
2,67
3,43
4,17
4,55
5,31
6,07
7,95
9,53

Tm 2 bn cnh
Tm 4 bn cnh
Cng
Cng
Cc bu lng
Cc bu lng
cc hn
cc hn
mi ni dc
ni dc
ca
mi
ni
ca
mi ni
ng
Vt liu
ng knh Vt liu
(N/mm)
(N/mm)
knh (mm) ASTM
(mm)
ASTM
16
A 307
292
16
A 307
438
13
A 307
380
16
A 307
686
13
A 307
628
16
A 307
803
13
A 307
730
16
A 307
905
16
A 307
788
16
A 449
1270
16
A 307
978
16
A 449
1343
16
A 307
1183
16
16
A 307
1679
16
16
A 307
1737

Mi ai c phi ph hp vi A 307, cp A hoc tt hn.

Cc bu lng mi ni theo ng vng trn phi ph hp vi ASTM A 307 hoc tt hn i vi mi
chiu dy tm bn.

582

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 12.13.3.1-3- Cc c trng c hc - Tm bn vch hm bng thp

(Tm bn trc khi c to hnh un ngui)

Cng ko nh nht

290 MPa

Cng chy do nh nht

193 MPa

dn di, 50 mm
M un n hi

30%
200000 MPa

12.14. Cc kt cu c 3 cnh bng b tng ct thp c sn

12.14.1. Tng qut

Phi p dng cc iu quy nh y cho vic thit k cc kt cu ba cnh bng b tng ct thp c
sn ta ln nn mng bng b tng.
12.4.2. Vt liu
12.14.2.1. B tng

B tng phi ph hp vi iu 5.4.2, tr vic nh gi fc' cng c th da trn cc li th.

12.14.2.2. Ct thp
Ct thp phi tho mn cc yu cu ca iu 5.4.3 tr i vi li si thp hn c th s dng cng
chy do l 450 MPa. i vi li ct si, c ly cc si dc phi ly ti a l 200mm, c ly li si
hn un trn khng c ln hn 100mm hay t hn 50mm. Nu p dng d ng lc, phi theo
Phn 5.9.
12.14.3. Lp b tng bo v ct thp

Lp b tng bo v ct thp trong kt cu c sn c ba cnh s dng li si hn phi c ly bng

ba ln ng knh si nhng khng c t hn 25mm. Tr phi ct thp phn nh ca bn trn c
lp t t hn 600mm, khi phi ly lp bo v ti thiu bng 50mm.
12.14.4. Cc c trng hnh hc

Tr phi c quy nh y, hnh dng ca cc kt cu ba cnh c sn c th thay i v khu

nhp, ng tn, chiu dy vch kch thc nch v cong. Nh sn xut phi quy nh cc c trng
hnh hc c th. Chiu dy vch phi dng ti thiu l 200mm i vi khu nhp di 7300mm v l
250mm i vi khu nhp ln hn v bng 7300mm.
12.14.5. Thit k
12.14.5.1. Tng qut

Thit k phi ph hp vi cc phn ca cc tiu chun ny, tr phi c quy nh khc y. Vic phn
tch phi da trn mi ni bng cht b mng v phi tnh n cc chuyn v ca b mng d kin.

Tiu chun thit k cu

583

12.14.5.2. S phn b cc hiu ng ca ti trng tp trung ti cc cnh

Chiu rng ca di bn nh kt cu phn b cc ti trng bnh xe tp trung cng phi c s dng

xc nh cc m men un, lc ct, lc y vo cc cnh. Chiu rng di khng c vt qu chiu
di ca cu kin c sn.

12.14.5.3. S phn b ca cc ti trng tp trung trong cc cng t cho

Phi phn b cc ti trng bnh xe ln cc cng cho theo cc quy nh tng t nh i vi cc ng c
ct thp ch song song vi hng giao thng. i vi cc cu kin cng cho vi cc gc ln hn 15o
phi xt n nh hng gc cho khi phn tch kt cu.

12.14.5.4. S truyn lc ct ti cc mi ni ngang gia cc phn on cng

Phi lm cc kho chng ct mt nh ca cc kt cu gia cc cu kin c sn c phn nh hnh
phng nm di lp ph mng.

12.14.5.5. Chiu di nhp

Khi xt n cc nch ti ch nghing 45o, c th tnh ct thp chu m men m trong cc vch v
cc bn, cn c vo m men un ch giao ca nch v cu kin c chiu dy khng i.

12.14.5.6. Cc h s sc khng
Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 5.5.4.2 v 1.2.5.5 cho thch hp

12.14.5.7. Kim tra nt

Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 5.7.3.4 i vi cc kt cu b vi.

12.14.5.8. Ct thp ti thiu

Khng c p dng cc quy nh ca iu 5.10.8.2 cho cc kt cu c sn 3 cnh.

Ct thp chu un chnh theo hng khu nhp phi m bo t l din tch ca ct thp vi din tch
nguyn ca btng ti thiu bng 0,002. Lng ct thp ti thiu ny phi m bo ti mi mt ct chu
ko un, mt trong ca vch v theo mi chiu lp trn ca cc bn ca cc cu kin ba cnh vi
t lp t hn 600mm.

12.14.5.9. Kim tra vng trng thi gii hn s dng

Cc gii hn vng dng cho cc kt cu b tng c quy nh trong iu 2.5.2.6.2 l bt buc v
s dng cho ngi i b c gii hn cc vng th.

12.14.5.10. Thit k b mng

Khi thit k phi xt n cc chuyn v chnh lch nm ngang v thng ng cng nh gc xoay
ca b mng. Phi p dng cc iu trong Phn 5 v 10 cho vic thit k mng

584

Tiu chun thit k cu

12.14.5.11. Lp t kt cu

Quy nh v yu cu lp t phi tun theo cc gi thit v thit k p dng. Cc h s hp ng cn

yu cu m cht ti thiu ca t lp l 90 phn trm cht Proctor tiu chun ngn nga ln
mt ng ch tip gip kt cu. C th yu cu cht m nn cao hn ca t lp trn kt cu k0.hi
s dng h thng tng tc kt cu t.
12.14.5.12. Bo v chng xi l v xem xt i vi ng thu
Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 2.6 cho thch hp.
Bng A 12-1- ng thp gn sng - c im mt ct ngang
39 x 6,4 mm kch c un
dy
(mm)

A
(mm2/mm)

r
(mm)

l
(mm4/mm)

0,71

0,64

0,86

0,80

1,0

0,97

2,07

4,15

1,3

1,29

2,09

5,64

1,6

1,61

2,11

7,19

2,0

2,01

2,15

9,29

2,8

2,82

2,23

14,0

3,5

3,63

2,33

19,8

4,3

4,45

2,46

26,8

63 x 13 mm kch c un
dy
(mm)

A
(mm2/mm)

r
(mm)

l
(mm4/mm)

1,02

0,98

4,32

18,4

1,32

1,31

4,34

24,6

1,63

1,64

4,35

31,0

2,01

2,05

4,37

39,2

2,77

2,87

4,42

56,1

3,51

3,69

4,49

74,3

4,27

4,52

4,56

93,8

Table A 12-1 ( tip theo)

127 x 26 mm kch c un
dy
(mm)

A
(mm2/mm)

r
(mm)

l
(mm4/mm)

1,63

1,68

9,29

145

2,01

2,10

9,30

182

2,77

2,94

9,34

256

3,51

3,79

9,38

333

4,27

4,63

9,43

411

585

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng A 12-2 - ng thp kiu l xo xon - c im mt ct ngang

20 x 20 x 190 mm kch c un
dy
(mm)

A
(mm2/mm)

r
(mm)

l
(mm4/mm)

1,63

1,08

7,37

58,8

2,01

1,51

7,16

77,7

2,77

2,52

6,81

117

3,51

3,66

6,58

158

20 x 26 x 192 mm kch c un
dy
(mm)

A
(mm2/mm)

r
(mm)

l
(mm4/mm)

1,63

0,79

9,73

75,1

2,01

1,11

9,47

99,6

2,77

1,87

9,02

152

20 x 26 x 192 mm kch c un
dy
(mm)

A
(mm2/mm)

r
(mm)

l
(mm4/mm)

1,63

0,79

9,73

75,1

2,01

1,11

9,47

99,6

2,77

1,87

9,02

152

Ch : c tnh mt ct hu hiu c ly theo cng bin dng ln nht.

586

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng A 12-3 - Tm kt cu kim loi - c tnh mt ct ngang

152 x 50 mm kch c un
dy (mm)

A
(mm2/mm)

r (mm)

l
(mm4/mm)

2,82

3,29

17,3

990

3,56

4,24

17,4

1280

4,32

5,18

17,4

1580

4,78

5,80

17,5

1770

5,54

6,77

17,5

2080

6,32

7,73

17,6

2400

7,11

8,72

17,7

2720

Bng A 12-4 - ng nhm un gn sng - c tnh mt ct ngang

38 x 6,5 mm kch c un
dy
(mm)

A
(mm2/mm)

r
(mm)

l
(mm4/mm)

1,22

1,29

2,10

5,64

1,52

1,61

2,11

5,72

68 x 13 mm kch c un
dy
(mm)

A
(mm2/mm)

r
(mm)

l
(mm4/mm)

1,52

1,64

4,35

31,0

1,91

2,05

4,37

39,2

2,67

2,87

4,42

56,1

3,43

3,69

4,49

74,3

4,17

4,51

4,56

93,8

587

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng A 12-4 (tip theo)

78 x 26 mm kch c un
dy
(mm)

A
(mm2/mm)

r
(mm)

l
(mm4/mm)

1,52

1,88

8,68

142

1,91

2,37

8,70

178

2,67

3,30

8,76

253

3,43

4,42

8,82

331

4,17

5,20

8,89

411

155 x 25 mm kch c un
dy
hu hiu
(mm)

A
(mm2/mm)

Din tch
hu hiu
(mm2/mm)

r
(mm)

1,52

1,64

0,82

9,22

1,91

2,05

1,02

9,22

2,67

2,87

1,44

9,24

3,43

3,69

1,85

9,26

4,17

4,52

2,26

9,29

Bng A 12-5 - ng nhm kiu l xo xon - c tnh mt ct ngang

20 x 20 x 191 mm kch c un
dy
(mm)

A
(mm2/mm)

r
(mm)

l
(mm4/mm)

1,52

0,88

7,70

52,4

1,91

1,21

7,59

69,8

2,67

1,95

7,37

106

3,43

2,76

7,21

143

588

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng A 12-5 (tip theo)

20 x 26 x 292 mm kch c un
dy
(mm)

A
(mm2/mm)

r (mm)

l
(mm4/mm)

1,52

0,66

10,06

66,9

1,91

0,90

9,93

89,3

2,67

1,48

9,65

137

3,43

1,48

9,37

137

Ghi ch: c tnh mt ct hu hiu ly theo cng bin dng ln nht.

Bng A 12-6 - ng hoc tm kt cu nhm un ln sng - c tnh mt ct ngang
230 x 64 mm kch c un
dy
(mm)

Din tch
(mm2/mm)

Bn knh
trn xoay r
(mm)

Mmen ca
Inertia, l
(mm4/mm)

2,54

2,97

21,43

1360

3,18

3,70

21,45

1700

3,81

4,45

21,46

2050

4,45

5,18

21,47

2390

5,08

5,93

21,49

2740

5,72

6,67

21,51

3080

6,35

7,41

21,52

3430

Bng A 12-7- ng thp hoc nhm un ln sng c cng nh nht theo chiu dc
c tn ri-v hoc hn ti ch
64 v 67 x 13 mm ng nhm un ln sng
dy
(mm)

Kch c
inh ri-v

Tn ri-v
n

Tn ri-v
kp

1,52

7,94

131

204

1,91

7,94

131

263

2,67

9,53

228

460

3,43

9,53

237

482

4,17

9,53

245

496

589

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng A 12-7 ( tip theo)

76 x 26 mm ng nhm un ln sng
dy
(mm)

Kch c inh
vi-v (mm)

Tn inh
ri-v kp
(N/mm)

1,52

9,53

241

1,91

9,53

299

2,67

12,7

409

3,43

12,7

613

4,17

12,7

796

152 x 26 mm ng nhm un
ln sng
dy
(mm)

Kch c
inh ri-v
(mm)

Tn inh
ri-v kp
(N/mm)

1,.52

12,7

234

1,91

12,7

291

2,67

12,7

407

3,43

12,7

524

4,24

12,7

635

64 v 67 x 13 mm ng nhm un ln sng
dy
(mm)

Kch c inh
ri-v (mm)

Tn
ri-v n
(N/m)

Tn ri-v
kp
(Nm)

1,63

7,94

244

315

2,01

7,94

266

435

2,77

9,53

342

683

3,51

9,53

358

715

42,7

9,53

374

749

590

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng A 12-7 (tip theo)

76 x 26 mm ng thp un
ln sng
dy
(mm)

Kch c
inh ri-v
(mm)

Tn inh
ri-v kp
(N/mm)

1,63

9,53

419

2,01

9,53

521

2,77

11,1

774

3,51

11,1

930

4,27

11,1

1030

Bng A 12-8 - Tm kt cu nhm v thp c cng

nh nht theo chiu dc

152 x 50 mm ng thp kt cu phng

dy
bulng
(mm)

ng
knh
bulng

13
bulng/m
(N/mm)

20
bulng/m
(N/mm)

26
bulng/m
(N/mm)

2,77

19,1

628

3,51

19,1

905

4,27

19,1

1180

4,78

19,1

1360

5,54

19,1

1640

6,32

19,1

1930

7,11

19,1

2100

2630

2830

591

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng A 12-8 (tip theo)

230 x 64 mm ng kt cu nhm phng
dy
(mm)

ng knh
bulng
(mm)

Bulng
thp 18
bulng/m
(N/mm)

Bulng
nhm, 18
bulng/m
(N/mm)

2,54

20

409

385

3,18

20

599

508

3,81

20

790

648

4,45

20

930

771

5,08

20

1070

771

5,72

20

1220

771

6,35

20

1360

771

Bng A 12-9 - c tnh c kh v li thp l xo dng cho ng thp un

ln sng v ng kt cu phng
Vt liu

Cng lc ko
ti, Fu thiu (MPa)

ng sut chy ti
thiu, Fy (MPa)

Mun do, Em
(MPa)

Nhm (1)

214

165

69000

310

228

200000

Thp

(2)

S phi p ng yu cu ca AASHTO M 197 (ASTM B 744M)

S phi p ng yu cu AASHTO M 167 (ASTM B 761M), v M 246M ( ASTM A742M)
Bng A 12-10 - c tnh c kh - tm thp v nhm un
Cng lc
ko ti thiu
(MPa)

ng sut
chy ti
thiu (MPa)

Mun do
(MPa)

2.54-4.44

241

165

69000

4.45-6.35

234

165

69000

310

228

200000

Vt liu

dy
tm nhm (1)

dy
tm thp (2)
Tt c

592

Tiu chun thit k cu

(1) S phi p ng yu cu AASHTO M 219 (ASTM B 746M) Alloy 5052

(2) S phi p ng yu cu AASHTO M 167 (ASTM B 761M)
Bng A 12-11-PE - ng un nha tng hp (ASSHTO M 294)
Kch c
danh nh
(mm)

ng knh
trong min
(mm)

ng knh
ngoi max
(mm)

Min. A
(mm2/mm)

Min, C
(mm)

Min. l
(mm4/mm)

305

300

373

3.17

8.89

393

380

376

457

4.02

11.4

869

455

450

546

4.87

12.7

1020

610

599

729

6.56

16.5

1900

760

749

925

8.25

19.1

2670

915

902

1080

9.52

22.9

3640

1050*

1034

1200

9.93

28.2

8900

1200*

1182

1380

10.90

29.2

8900

* Kch c ny c quy nh trong tiu chun AASHTO i vi ng un bng nha tng hp AASHTO
MP6-95.
Bng A 12-12 - ng c gn bng nha tng hp (ASTM hnh 894)
Kch
c
danh
nh

ng
knh
trong ti
thiu

ng
knh
ngoi
Max

Loi ht

Loi ht

593

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng A 12-13 - ng PVC (AASHTO M 304)

ng knh
trong, min
(mm)

ng
knh ngoi,
max (mm)

Min. A
(mm2/mm)

Min. C
(mm)

Min. l
(mm4/mm)
Loi ht
12454 C

Min. l
(mm4/mm)
Loi ht
12364 C

305

297

345

2,54

3,81

66

49

381

363

419

2,75

4,32

98

82

457

445

508

3,39

4,57

147

131

533

523

584

3,81

5,33

197

180

610

594

660

4,13

5,84

262

246

762

747

833

4,87

6,86

393

328

914

897

1000

5,50

7,87

574

508

1070

1050

1170

6,14

8,64

770

705

1220

1200

1320

6,69

9,40

1000

918

A Re ffi =

C1

Chiu su ti ct gia cng theo mm x 1000

Kch c
danh
nh
(mm)

b' i L ei
S Hi

Mdl =

9,8
S S3 [ 0,0053 - 7,87 x 10 -7 (S - 3660)] + 0,053 (H - 427) S 2
9
10

1,0 i vi trc n, 0,5 + S/1500 i vi cc trc i.

1,36 10 5 (S i + h )
0,15
fy
2

Aa

B phn
neo tng

(12.9.4.2-1)

Tiu chun thit k cu

594

Phn 13 - Lan can

13.1. Phm vi
Phn ny dng thit k lan can ca cc cu mi v cc cu ci to trong phm vi khi thy cn thay
th lan can l cn thit.
Phn ny ra 5 mc ngn chn ca lan can cu v cc yu cu thit k lin quan n cc mc
. Hng dn cch xc nh mc thch hp vi cc loi v tr cu thng thng.
13.2. Cc nh ngha
B va dng ro chn - L h thm phng hoc khi xy nh cao hn mt ng t dng phn
cch l i b v/hoc ng xe p; xem Hnh 13.7.1-1.
Lan can xe p - H thng lan can hoc ro chn, nh c minh ho Hnh 13.9-1 to s hng dn
vt l i vi ngi i xe p qua cu nhm gim ti mc ti thiu kh nng ngi i xe p b ri ra
ngoi lan can .
Lan can ng u cu - H thng tng h lan cnh ng t trc kt cu v c bt vi h
thng thanh lan can cu nhm phng xe m vo u lan can hoc tng chn thp trn cu .
Lan can dng kt hp - H thng lan can cho xe p hoc cho ngi i b, nh c minh ho
Hnh 13.5.2-1 v 13.9.3-1 c thm vo cng vi h thng lan can hoc ro chn xe.
Ro chn b tng - H thng lan can bng b tng ct thp c mt mt v pha ng t thng
nhng khng phi l lun lun c hnh dng nng cao an ton.
Tng phng h b tng - H thng lan can bng b tng ct thp, thng c xt nh mt tng b
tng c tng cng ct thp mt cch y .
Th nghim xe m vo lan can cu - Cch tin hnh mt lot cc th nghim va p ln nguyn
mu lan can cu .
Lc thit k - Mt lc tnh tng ng i din cho lc ng ca xe c quy nh truyn lc ti h
thng lan can bng cch m vo lan can theo tc v gc n nh.
S xm phm - S xm phm vo bn trong cc vng c quy nh, gii hn hoc hn ch ca h
thng ng b, nh l vt ngang cc ln xe hoc m vo h thng ro chn. Cng vy, s xm phm
vo l gii ca bt k loi hnh no hoc c trng no khng thuc kt cu hoc i tng ng b.

Tiu chun thit k cu

595

Vng u - Vng k vi bt k mi ni m no trong h thng lan can b tng i hi c ct

thp thm.
ng siu cao tc - ng trc chnh t, c li vo c kim sot, c hoc khng c phn
hng hoc c giao khc mc ti cc nt giao ct.
Mt b va - B mt thng ng hoc nghing ca b va pha ng t.
ng cao tc - ng trc chnh t, c li vo c kim sot, c phn hng v giao khc mc
ti cc nt giao ct.
Cc ti trng hng dc - Cc lc thit k nm ngang c t song song vi h thng lan can hoc
ro chn sinh ra do s ma st ca cc ti trng ngang vi h thng lan can.
Lan can a dng - Lan can c th c dng khi c hoc khng c ng ngi i nh cao.
Ch u t - Nh chc trch hoc c quan chuyn ngnh thuc Chnh ph c trch nhim v tt c
cc c im thit k an ton v cc chc nng ca cu.
Lan can cho ngi i b - H thng lan can hoc ro chn, nh c minh ho trong Hnh 13.8.2-1,
to s hng dn vt l i vi ngui i b qua cu, nhm gim ti mc ti thiu kh nng ngi i b
b ri.
Ct - B phn h thng thanh lan can thng ng hoc nghing neo cu kin lan can vi mt cu.
Cu kin thanh lan can - Bt k thnh phn no to ra h thng lan can. Thng thng, n gn lin
vi ngha l b phn lan can t dc.
Tc cao/thp - Tc xe theo km/h. Cc tc thp thng c s dng cho s i li thnh ph
hoc nng thn m cc tc c ghi r trn ct l di 70 km/h. Cc tc cao thng c
gn lin vi ng cao tc loi B hoc loi A, cc tc ghi trn ct l 80 km/h hoc hn .
Lan can ng t - ng ngha vi lan can t, c dng nh mt lan can lp t trn cu hoc
trn kt cu, khc vi tng h lan hoc lan can ro chn gii phn cch gia nh ni trong cc n
phm khc.
Cc ti trng ngang - Cc lc thit k nm ngang c t thng gc ln h thng lan can hoc ro
chn.
13.3. K hiu
B

khong cch t mp ngoi ti mp ngoi bnh xe trn mt trc (mm) (13.7.3.3)

Tiu chun thit k cu

FL
Ft

=
=

Fv
G
H
HR
Hw
L
Lc
LL
Lt

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

Lv
l

=
=

Mb
Mc
Md
Mp
Mw
Pp
W

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

Wb
X

=
=

=
=

596

lc ma st hng dc dc theo lan can = 0,33Ft (N) (13.7.3.3)

lc va ngang ca xe c phn b trn mt chiu d L ti chiu cao He pha trn
mt cu (N) (13.7.3.3)
lc thng ng ca xe nm trn nh lan can (N) (13.7.3.3)
chiu cao t trng tm xe n mt cu
chiu cao tng (mm) (13.7.3.4.1)
chiu cao lan can (mm) (A13.4)
chiu cao tng (mm) (A13.4)
khong cch ct ca nhp n gin (mm) (13.7.3.4.2)
chiu di nguy him ca s ph hoi i vi tng (mm) (13.7.3.4.1)
chiu di phn b lc ma st FL theo hng dc LL = Lt (mm)(13.7.3.3)
chiu di phn b ca lc va Ft theo hng dc, dc theo lan can t chiu cao He
pha trn mt cu (mm) (13.7.3.3)
phn b theo hng dc ca lc thng ng Fv trn nh lan can (13.7.3.3)
chiu di ca ti trng xe va x vo lan can hay ro chn, ly bng Lt, Lv hoc LL
mt cch tng ng (mm) (13.7.3.4.1)
kh nng chu m men cc hn ca rm ti nh tng (N-mm) (13.7.3.4.1)
sc khng un cc hn ca tng i vi trc nm ngang (N-mm/mm)(13.7.3.4.1)
m men tay hng mt cu (N-mm/mm)(13.7.3.5.3a)
sc khng do hoc ph hoi theo ng chy ca lan can (N-mm) (13.7.3.4.2)
sc khng un cc hn ca tng i vi trc thng ng (N-mm/mm)(13.7.3.4.1)
sc khng ti trng cc hn ca mt ct lan can (N) (13.7.3.4.2)
tng cc thnh phn ca cc lc nm ngang tc dng vo lan can (N) (13.7.3.3)
trng lng xe tng ng vi mc lm vic yu cu, ly theo Bng 13.7.2-1 (N)
(13.7.2).
b rng ca tm y hoc khi phn b (mm) (13.7.3.5.3e)
chiu di phn hng tnh t mt ti rm hoc sn rm pha ngoi (mm)
(13.7.3.5.3a)
Chiu cao ca R v pha trn mt cu (mm) (13.7.3.3)
H s sc khng i vi trng thi gii hn cng trong cc Phn 5, 6, hoc i
vi trng thi gii hn c bit quy nh trong Phn 1 (13.7.5.3b)

13.4. Tng qut

Ch u t phi xc nh mc ngn chn ca lan can ph hp vi v tr cu.
Lan can phi c b tr dc theo cc mp kt cu bo v cho xe v ngi i b. C th yu cu lan
can i vi cc cng c chiu di nh cu.
ng dng cho ngi i b c th tch khi ng xe chy k bn bi b va dng ro chn, lan can
ng t hoc lan can dng kt hp nh c ch ra trong Hnh 1. Trn cc ng tc ln, c b
tr ng ngi i b, vng ng i b cn c tch ra khi ng xe chy k bn bng mt lan can
ng t hoc lan can dng kt hp.

597

Tiu chun thit k cu

Lan can kiu

t hp
va

p dng cho tc thp

Lan can chn xe v
ngi i b

Lan can cho

ngi i b

p dng cho tc cao

Hnh 13.4-1 - ng ngi i b
Cc lan can ca cu v s gn vi phn hng mt cu phi c th nghim xe m chng t l
chng p ng cc yu cu kt cu v hnh hc ca mc ngn chn ca lan can bng s dng cc
tiu chun th nghim quy nh trong iu 13.7.2.
13.5. Vt liu
Phi p dng cc yu cu ca cc Phn 5 v 6. i vi cc vt liu c dng trong h thng lan can,
tr khi c s thay i khc y.
13.6. Cc trng thI gii hn v cc h s sc khng
13.6.1. Trng thi gii hn cng
Phi p dng cc trng thi gii hn cng bng cch dng cc t hp ti trng thch hp trong Bng
3.4.1-1 v cc ti trng c quy nh y. Cc h s sc khng i vi ct v cc b phn lan can
phi dng theo quy nh trong cc iu 5.5.4 v 6.5.4 .
Cc ti trng thit k dng cho lan can ngi i b phi theo quy nh trong iu 13.8.2. Cc ti trng
thit k dng cho lan can xe p phI theo quy nh trong iu 13.9.3. Cc ti trng ca ngi i b
hoc xe p phi c t vo cc lan can dng kt hp nh c quy nh trong iu 13.10.3. Cc
phn hng mt cu phi c thit k theo cc t hp ti trng v cng tng ng c quy nh
trong Bng 3.4.1-1.

Tiu chun thit k cu

598

13.6.2. Trng thi gii hn c bit

Cc lc c truyn t lan can cu ti mt cu c th xc nh bng cch phn tch cng cc hn
ca h thng lan can cu, dng cc ti trng cho trong iu 13.7.3.3. Cc lc phi c xem l cc
ti trng tnh ton ti trng thi gii hn c bit.
13.7. Lan can ng t
13.7.1. H thng lan can

13.7.1.1. Tng qut

Mc ch ch yu ca cc lan can ng t l phi chn gi v chnh hng cc xe c s dng
kt cu.
Cn xem xt :

Bo v cho cc ngi ngi trn xe khi xe va vo lan can,

Bo v cc xe khc gn ni va chm,

Bo v ngi v ti sn trn ng xe chy v cc vng khc bn di kt cu,

Hiu qu kinh t ca lan can, v

Dng v v thong ca tm nhn t cc xe chy qua.

Mt lan can dng kt hp, theo ng cc kch thc cho trong cc Hnh 13.8.2-1 v 13.9.3-1, c th
c xem nh l thch hp dng cho ng ngi i b rng 1000 mm hoc hn, v cc chiu cao
b va ti 200mm.
Vic dng lan can kt hp xe t-ngi i b th hin trong Hnh 1 phi c hn ch i vi cc
ng n nh tc 70 km/h hoc nh hn.

599

Tiu chun thit k cu

B mt lan can

Thng dng
150 mm
Ln nht 200 mm
Phn xe chy
Bn knh

Hnh 13.7.1.1-1. ng ngi i nh cao in hnh

13.7.1.2. Lan can ng u cu

H thng ro chn phng h ng u cu cn c b tr ti ni bt u ca tt c lan can cu tc
cao trong vng nng thn.
Mt h thng lan can ng u cu nn bao gm mt s chuyn tip t h thng ro chn phng h
ti h thng lan can cu cng c kh nng cho sc khng bn i vi xe khng iu khin c. H
thng tng h lan can u cu phi c u mt thch hp.

13.7.1.3. X l vng u
Trong cc vng nng thn tc cao u tng phong h u cu hoc lan can phi c hnh dng ph
hp, hoc c che chn bi ro chn t.
13.7.2. Tiu chun la chn mc ngn chn
Cn quy nh mt trong mc sau y:

L1 - Mc cp mt c chp nhn chung p dng cho cc cng trng vi tc quy nh thp

v lu lng xe rt thp, cho cc ng ph khu vc c tc thp.

L2 - Mc cp hai-c chp nhn chung p dng cho cc cng trng v hu ht cc ng a

phng v ng thu gom vi iu kin ti ch cng nh cng trng thun li v ni d
kin c mt s lng nh cc xe nng v tc quy nh c gim bt.

L3 - Mc cp ba - c chp nhn chung p dng cho hu ht cc ng c tc cao vi hn

hp cc xe ti v cc xe nng.

L4 -

L5 - Mc cp nm - c chp nhn chung p dng ging nh mc cp bn khi c iu kin

ti ch chng minh cn mc ngn chn cao hn.

Mc cp bn - c chp nhn chung p dng cho ng cao tc vi tc cao, lu

lng giao thng ln vi t l cao hn ca cc xe nng v cho ng b vi iu kin
ti ch xu.

600

Tiu chun thit k cu

Trch nhim ca Ch u t l phi xc nh mc ngn chn no l ph hp nht vi v tr

cng trnh.
Trong trng hp Ch u t yu cu th nghim va x th tiu chun th nghim cho mc ngn
chn c chn cn ph hp vi trng lng xe, tc va v gc va m t trong Bng 1.
Bng 13.7.2-1 - Mc ngn chn ca lan can cu v cc tiu chun th nghim va
c trng xe c

Xe con

W (kN)
B (mm)

7
1.700

8
1,700

Xe ti
thng
20
2,000

G (mm)
Gc va ()

550
20o

550
20o

700
25o

Mc
L1
L2
L3
L4
L5

Xe ti
n
80
2,300

Xe ko moc
220
2,450

355
2,450

1,250
15o

1,630
15o

1,850
15o

N/A
N/A
N/A
80
N/A

N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
80

Tc th nghim (km/h)
50
70
100
100
100

50
70
100
100
100

50
70
100
100
100

N/A
N/A
80
N/A
N/A

13.7.3 . Thit k lan can

13.7.3.1. Tng qut

Thng thng lan can ng t nn c mt mt lin tc nhn v pha xe chy. Cc ct tr bng thp
vi cc cu kin lan can nn c t v pha sau ca mt lan can. S lin tc v mt kt cu trong cc
b phn lan can v cc neo cc u cn c xt n.
13.7.3.1.1. p dng cc h thng c th nghim trc y
Mt h thng lan can t ra tho mn cc th nghim va x t l tht trc y c th c s dng m
khng cn c s phn tch v/hoc th nghim thm, vi iu kin l s lp t xut khng c cc
c im m chng khng tn ti trong hnh th th nghim c th lm gim gi tr lm vic ca h
thng lan can th nghim.

Tiu chun thit k cu

601

13.7.3.1.2. H thng mi
Cc h thng lan can mi phi c thit k ph hp vi iu 13.7.3, khi Ch u t yu cu phi b
sung thm th nghim.

13.7.3.2. Hnh hc v cc neo

13.7.3.2.1. Chiu cao tng phng h hoc lan can ng t
Cc lan can b tng thit k theo cc mt nghing v pha xe c phi c chiu cao nh nht l 810.
Xem xt i vi lp ph mt cu trong tng lai khng phi tng y lp c b 75mm ca dng
an ton. Chiu cao nh nht ca vch b tng trong tng phng h b tng c mt phng thng ng
phi l 685mm.
Chiu cao nh nht ca lan can ng ngi i b v xe p cn c o bn trn b mt ca ng
ngi i b hoc ng xe p.
Cc yu cu nh nht v hnh hc i vi cc lan can dng kt hp phi c ly theo quy nh trong
iu 13.9 v 13.10
13.7.3.2.2. Phn cch cc cu kin thanh lan can
i vi cc lan can ng b, cc tiu chun v khong trng ln nht gia cc lan can C, tng b
rng cc thanh lan can A i vi cc khong cch tht vo khc nhau ca ct S phi ly theo
Bng 1. nh ngha ca cc thng s ny i vi cc lan can in hnh c m t trong Hnh 1.

602

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 13.7.3.2.2-1- Tiu chun phn cch lan can v chiu rng
A/H

C (mm)
S (mm)

Max tuyt i

Max mong
mun

250

250

0,75

0,80

25

3000

265

0,65

0,80

50

325

285

0,52

0,80

75

325

300

0,40

0,70

100

325

300

0,30

0,60

125

350

300

0,30

0,50

150

380

300

0,30

0,45

Min

tuyt
i

Min mong
mun

Ct

Tng chn

Tay vn
hay dm

Tay vn

va hoc
tng chn

Ct

Lan can
b tng

Lan can kt hp
b tng v thp

Ct

Ct

va hoc
tng chn

Ct

Tng chn
b tng

Lp nh

Lp cnh

Lan can g
hoc kim loi

Lan can kt hp
b tng v kim loi

Lan can g
hoc kim loi

Hnh 13.7.3.2.2-1- Cc lan can ng t in hnh

i vi lan can dng kt hp v lan can ngi i b khong trng ti a thng ng gia cc thanh lan
can k nhau hoc ct lan can phi theo quy nh trong cc iu 13.8 , 13.9 v 13.10.
13.7.3.2.3 . Neo
Phi to s dnh kt, cc u mc, gn vi cc tm c chn su hoc bt k t hp no vi n
pht huy c cng chy hon ton ca bu lng neo dng cho lan can thp. Ct thp dng cho cc
ro chn b tng phi c chiu di chn su y pht huy ht cng chy.

13.7.3.3. Lc thit k lan can ng t

Tr khi c s thay i y, phi p dng trng thi gii hn cc hn v cc t hp ti trng tng ng
trong Bng 3.4.1-1.

603

Tiu chun thit k cu

Cc lc thit k lan can v cc tiu chun hnh hc phi nh quy nh trong Bng 1 v c minh ho
trong Hnh 1. Cc ti trng ngang v dc c cho trong Bng 1 khng cn thit t cng vi cc ti
trng thng ng.

Cc lan can phi c thit k theo:

R

Ft

(13.7.3.3-1)

He

(13.7.3.3-2)

trong :
R

= Ri

Y=

(13.7.3.3-3)

(R i Yi )
R

(13.7.3.3-4)

vi
Ri

sc khng ca thanh lan can (N)

Yi

khong cch t mt cu ti thanh lan can th i (mm)

Bng 13.7.3.3-1- Cc lc thit k i vi cc lan can ng t

Cc lc thit k v cc
k hiu
Ft Ngang (kN)
FLDc (kN)
Fv Thng ng (kN) hng xung di
Lt v LL (mm)
Lv (mm)
He (min) (mm)
Chiu cao lan can nh nht H (mm)

L-1
60
20
20
1220
5500
460
810

Cc mc thit k ca lan can

L-2
L-3
L-4
120
240
516
40
80
173
20
80
222
1220
5500
510
810

1 070
5 500
810
810

2440
12200
1020
1020

L-5
550
183
355
2440
12200
1070
1370

Hnh 13.7.3.3-1- Cc lc thit k lan can cu kim loi. V tr thng ng v

chiu di phn b ngang
Tt c cc lc phi t vo cc cu kin thanh lan can dc. Vic phn b cc ti trng hng dc ti cc
ct phi ph hp vi tnh lin tc ca cc cu kin thanh lan can. Vic phn b cc ti trng hng
ngang phi ph hp vi c cu ph hoi gi nh ca h thng lan can.

604

Tiu chun thit k cu

13.7.3.4. Quy nh thit k i vi lan can

13.7.3.4.1. Lan can b tng
C th dng phn tch ng chy v thit k cng i vi cc ro chn v tng phng h
bng b tng ct thp v b tng d ng lc.
Sc khng danh nh ca lan can i vi ti trng ngang Rw c th c xc nh bng phng
php ng chy nh sau:

i vi cc va x trong mt phn on tng:

2
M L2
8M b + 8M w H + c c
R w =

H
2L c L t

(13.7.3.4-1)

Chiu di tng ti hn Lc trn xy ra c cu ng chy phi ly bng:

Lc =

L1
L 8H(M b + M w H)
+ t +
2
Mc
2

(13.7.3.4-2)

Vi cc va chm ti u tng hoc ti mi ni :

2
R w =
2L c L t

M L2
M b + M w H + c c

Lc =

Lt
L
+ t +H
2
2

Mb + MwH

Mc

(13.7.3.4-3)

(A13.3.1-4)

trong :
Ft

lc ngang quy nh trong Bng 13.7.3.3 gi nh ang tc ng ti nh tng b tng (N)

chiu cao tng (mm)

Lc

chiu di ti hn ca kiu ph hoi theo ng chy (mm)

Lt

chiu di phn b ca lc va theo hng dc Ft (mm)

Rw

tng sc khng bn ca lan can (N)

605

Tiu chun thit k cu

Mb

sc khng un ph thm ca dm cng thm vi Mw nu c, ti nh tng (N-mm)

Mw

sc khng un ca tng (N-mm/mm)

Mc

sc khng un ca tng hng quy nh trong iu 13.7.3.5.2 (N-mm/mm)

i vi vic dng cc phng trnh trn, Me v Mw khng nn thay i ng k theo chiu cao tng.
i vi cc trng hp khc, nn dng phn tch ph hoi theo ng chy chnh xc.
13.7.3.4.2. Lan can dng ct v dm

Phi dng s phn tch phi n hi thit k cc lan can dng ct-dm ph hoi. Sc khng danh nh
ti hn ca tng, R, phi c ly theo tr s nh nht xc nh t cc phng trnh 1 v 2 cho mt s
nhp lan can khc nhau,N.

i vi cc dng ph hoi gm s lng nhp lan can l N :

R=

16M p + (N 1)(N + 1)Pp L

2NL L t

(13.7.3.4-1)

i vi cc dng ph hoi gm s lng nhp lan can chn N :

R=

16M p + N 2 Pp L
2NL L t

(13.7.3.4-2)

khong cch ct hoc chiu di mt nhp (mm)

Mp

sc khng phi n hi hoc sc khng ng chy ca tt c cc thanh lan can tham gia
vo khp do (N-mm)

PP

sc khng ti trng ngang cc hn ca ct ng n l cao Y pha trn mt cu (N)

tng sc khng cc hn, tc l sc khng danh nh ca lan can (N)

Lt, LL =

chiu di theo chiu ngang ca cc ti trng va phn b ca xe Ft v FL (mm)

13.7.3.4.3 . T hp tng phng h btng v thanh lan can kim loi

Sc khng ca tng b phn ca t hp thanh lan can cu phi c xc nh theo quy nh trong cc
iu 13.7.3.4.1 v13.7.3.4.2. Cng chu un ca thanh lan can phi c xc nh trn mt nhp RR
v trn hai nhp R 'R . Sc khng ca ct trn nh tng, Pp, phi c xc nh bao gm c sc khng
ca cc bu lng neo hoc ct.
Sc khng ca t hp tng phng h v thanh lan can phi ly theo cc sc khng nh hn c xc
nh theo hai phng thc ph hoi c th hin trong cc Hnh 1 v 2.

606

Tiu chun thit k cu

Tay vn

Ct

Tng

Bn mt cu

Mt bng

Hnh 13.7.3.4.3.1- Lc va ti gia nhp thanh lan can T hp tng b tng v thanh lan can kim loi.
Tay vn

Ct

Tng

Bn mt cu

Mt bng

Hnh 13.7.3.4.3-2 - Lc va ti ct ca t hp tng b tng v thanh lan can kim loi

607

Tiu chun thit k cu

Khi xe va vo gia nhp thanh lan can kim loi, nh minh ha trong Hnh 1, sc khng un ca thanh
lan can, RR, v cng ln nht ca tng btng RW, phi c cng vi nhau xc nh cng
t hp R v chiu cao hu hiu, Y c ly theo:
R = RR + Rw

Y=

RRHR + RwHw
R

(13.7.3.4.3-1)
(13.7.3.4.3-2)

trong :
RR

kh nng cc hn ca thanh lan can trn mt nhp (N)

Rw

kh nng cc hn ca tng theo quy nh trong iu 13.7.3.4.1 (N)

Hw

chiu cao tng (mm)

HR

chiu cao thanh lan can (mm)

Khi xe va vo ct, nh c minh ha trong Hnh 2, cng hp lc ln nht, R , phi c ly theo

tng kh nng chu lc ca ct Pp ,cng thanh lan can, R R v cng tng c gim R w t
ti chiu cao Y .
R = PP + RR + Rw

Y=

Pp H R + RR H R + Rw H w
R

(13.7.3.4.3-3)
(13.7.3.4.3-4)

vi :

Rw =

R w H w PP H R
Hw

(13.7.3.4.3.5)

trong :
Pp

sc khng cc hn theo hng ngang ca ct (N)

RR

sc khng cc hn theo hng ngang ca thanh lan can qua hai nhp (N)

Rw

sc khng cc hn hng ngang ca tng theo quy nh trong iu A13.3.1 (N)

Rw

kh nng chu lc ca tng,c gim chu ti trng ct (N)

13.7.3.5. Thit k phn hng mt cu

13.7.3.5.1. Cc trng hp thit k

Cc phn hng ca mt cu phi c thit k vi cc trng hp thit k c xem xt mt cch ring

r nh sau:

608

Tiu chun thit k cu

Trng hp thit k 1: cc lc ngang v dc quy nh trong iu 13.7.3.3 - trng thi gii hn

c bit .

Trng hp thit k 2: cc lc thng ng quy nh trong iu 13.7.3.3- trng thi gii hn

c bit.

Trng hp thit k 3: cc ti trng quy nh trong iu 3.6.1 cc ti trng ny cht ln phn hngtrng thi gii hn cng .

Tr khi c mt chiu dy nh hn c th c chng t l tho mn bi th nghim chng va x, b

dy nh nht ti mp phn hng mt cu b tng phi c ly theo:

i vi cc phn hng mt cu b tng h thng nh cao : 200mm

i vi h thng ct nh cao cnh bn : 300mm

i vi cc phn hng mt cu b tng cc tng phng h hoc cc ro chn b tng : 200mm

13.7.3.5.2. Mt cu cc lan can loi tng phng h btng

i vi trng hp thit k 1, phn hng mt cu c th c thit k to ra sc khng un Ms theo

N-mm/mm, tc ng ng thi vi lc ko T theo N/mm, theo quy nh y, ln hn Ms ca tng
phng h. Lc ko dc trc T, c th ly theo :

T=

Rw
L c + 2H

(13.7.3.5.2-1)

trong
Rw

sc khng ca tng phng h,quy nh trong iu 13.7.3.4.1 (N)

Lc

chiu di ti hn ca kiu ph hoi theo ng chy (mm)

chiu cao tng (mm)

lc ko trn n v chiu di mt cu (N/mm).

Thit k phn hng mt cu theo cc lc thng ng quy nh trong trng hp thit k 2 phi da trn
on hng ca mt cu.

609

Tiu chun thit k cu

13.7.3.5.3. Mt cu cc lan can dng ct v dm

13.7.3.5.3a. Thit k phn hng

i vi trng hp thit k 1, mmen Md trn mm v lc y trn mm ca mt cu T c th c

ly theo:
Md =

T=

M ct
Wb + D
Pp

Wb + D

(13.7.3.5.3a-1)

(13.7.3.5.3a-2)

i vi trng hp thit k 2, lc ct xuyn thng v mmen phn hng c th ly theo:

Pv =
Md =

Fv L
Lv
Pv X
b

(13.7.3.5.3a-3)

(13.7.3.5.3a-4)

vi:
b = 2X +Wb L

(13.7.3.5.3a-5)

trong :
Mct =

sc khng un ca ct lan can (N)

Pp

lc ct tng ng vi Mct (N)

khong cch t mp ngoi ca tm y ct ti mt ct ang xem xt nh quy nh trong

Hnh 1 (mm)

Wb

chiu rng tm y (mm)

lc ko trong mt cu (N/mm)

khong cch t mp ngoi tm y ti hng bulng pha trong nht nh c cho trong
Hnh 1 (mm)

khong cch ct (mm)

Lv

chiu di phn b theo hng dc ca lc thng ng Fv, trn nh lan can (mm).

Fv

lc thng ng ca xe ang nm trn nh ca thanh lan can sau khi cc lc xung kch Ft
v FL qua (N).

610

Tiu chun thit k cu

Mp cnh mt cu

Mt ct thit k

B rng bn ly khng ln hn c ly cc ct

Mp ca dm dc

Hnh 13.7.3.5.3a-1 - Chiu di hu hiu ca bn cnh hng chu cc ti trng tp trung

ca ct-Theo phng ngang hoc thng ng.
13.7.3.5.3b. Sc khng i vi lc ct xuyn thng

i vi trng hp thit k 1, lc ct tnh ton c th c ly theo:

Vu = At Fy

(13.7.3.5.3b-1)

Sc khng tnh ton ca cc phn hng mt cu i vi lc ct xuyn thng c th ly theo:

Vr = V n

(13.7.3.5.3b-2)

B h

Vn = Vc Wb + h + 2 E + + h
2 2

(13.7.3.5.3b -3)

Vc = 0,166 +

0,332 '
fc
c

0,332 f c'

B
h
+
B
2
2

vi:
c =Wb /D
trong :
h

chiu cao bn (mm)

Wb

chiu rng tm y (mm)

At

din tch bn cnh ct chu nn (mm2)

FY

cng chy ca bn cnh ct chu nn (MPa)

chiu di mt cu chu cng ct hoc ti trng ct = h + Wb

(13.7.3.5.3b -4)

(13.7.3.5.3b -5)

611

Tiu chun thit k cu

khong cch gia cc trng tm cc hp lc ng sut ko v nn trong ct (mm)

chiu dy tm y (mm)

khong cch t mp bn ti trng tm ca hp lc ng sut nn trong ct (mm)

cng chu nn ca b tng tui 28 ngy (MPa)

h s sc khng = 1,0

'
c

S phn b gi nh ca cc lc i vi lc ct xuyn thng phi nh c cho trong Hnh 1.

Din tch chu ti gi nh

Chu vi chu ct gii hn

Hnh 13.7.3.5.3b -1- Kiu ph hoi ct xuyn thng

13.8. Lan can ng ngi i b
13.8.1. Hnh hc

Chiu cao nh nht ca lan can ng ngi i b phi l 1060 mm c o mt ng ngi i b.

612

Tiu chun thit k cu

Mt lan can ng ngi i b c th bao gm cc cu kin nm ngang v/hoc thng ng. Khong
h tnh gia cc cu kin lan can khng c vt qu 150 mm.
Khi dng c hai loi cu kin nm ngang v thng ng khong h tnh 150 mm phi p dng vi
phn lan can thp hn 685 mm v khong cch trong phn cao hn khng c ln hn hoc 380 mm
hoc theo nh c ch ra trongBng 13.7.3.2.2-1. Cn dng loi u lan can v b va c dng an ton.
Cc yu cu khong cch thanh lan can cho trn khng nn dng i vi ct lan can v hng ro bng
dy xch hoc ct tm li kim loi. Mt li ca dy xch hoc tm li kim loi khng nn rng
hn 50mm.
13.8.2. Hot ti thit k

Hot ti thit k i vi lan can ng ngi i b phi l w = 0.37 N/mm, theo c hai hng ngang v
thng ng, tc ng ng thi trn tng cu kin hng dc. B phn lan can cng phi c thit k
vi mt ti trong tp trung 890 N, c th tc ng ng thi vi cc ti trng trn ti bt k im no
v theo hng bt k ti nh lan can.
Ti trng thit k i vi hng ro bng dy xch phi l 7,2x10-4 MPa tc ng thng gc ln trn ton
b b mt.
Vic t cc ti trng phi theo nh c ch ra trong Hnh 1, trong cc hnh dng ca cc b phn
lan can ch l minh ho. C th dng bt k vt liu no hoc t hp ca cc vt liu quy nh trong
iu 13.5.

Mt l
i b

Mt l
i b

Hnh 13.8.2-1. Cc ti trng lan can ng ngi i b - c dng trn mp ngoi

ca ng ngi i b khi giao thng ng b c ngn cch vi giao thng ngi i
b bi lan can ng t-Hnh dng lan can ch l minh ha.

613

Tiu chun thit k cu

13.9. Lan can ng xe p

13.9.1. Tng qut

Cc lan can xe p phi c dng cho cc cu chuyn dng c thit k ring cho xe p i v cho
cc cu m nhn thy cn thit phi bo v c bit cho ngi i xe p.
13.9.2. Hnh hc

Chiu cao ca lan can ng xe p khng c nh hn 1370 mm o t b mt ng xe p ln

bnh. Chiu cao vng trn v vng ca lan can xe p phi t nht l 685 mm. Cc vng trn v vng
di phi c lan can c khong cch tha mn cc quy nh tng ng ca iu 13.8.1.
Nu thy l cn thit, cc thanh lan can nhn gn vi lan can hoc hng ro phng s m toc
vo ngi nn cao bo v mt phm vi rng cc chiu cao ghi ng xe p. Nu dng mn chn,
hng ro hoc mt mt c th s lng cc thanh lan can c th gim bt.
13.9.3. Hot ti thit k

Khi chiu cao lan can vt qu 1370 mm bn trn b mt xe ln bnh, cc ti trng thit k phi do
ngi thit k quy nh. Cc ti trng thit k i vi chiu cao lan can xe p thp hn 1370 mm
khng c nh hn cc ti trng thit k c quy nh trong iu 13.8.2.
Vic t cc ti trng phi theo nh th hin trong Hnh 1. C th dng vt liu bt k no hoc t hp

Mt ng
cho xe p

nh tay vn

nh tay vn

nhiu vt liu quy nh trong iu 13.5.

Mt ng
cho xe p

Hnh 13.9.3-1- Cc ti trng lan can ng xe p - c t mp ngoi ng

xe p khi giao thng ng t c ngn cch vi giao thng ng xe p bng
lan can ng t. Hnh dng lan can ch l minh ha.

Tiu chun thit k cu

614

13.10. lan can dng kt hp

13.10.1. Tng qut

Lan can dng kt hp phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca hoc lan can ng ngi i b hoc lan can
ng xe p, nh c quy nh trong iu 13.8 v 13.9, chn theo lan can thch hp. Phn lan can
ng t ca lan can dng kt hp phi ph hp vi iu 13.7.
13.10.2 . Hnh hc

Cc iu khon hnh hc ca cc iu 13.7, 13.8 v 13.9 phi p dng i vi cc phn tng ng ca

chng trong lan can dng kt hp.
13.10.3. Hot ti thit k

Cc ti trng thit k quy nh trong cc iu 13.8 v 13.9 khng c t ng thi cng vi cc

ti trng va ca t.
13.11. b va v l ng i b
13.11.1. Tng qut

Cc kch thc theo chiu ngang ca b rng ng xe chy phi ly t y ca mt b va. B va ca

l ng i b pha giao thng ng t ca lan can cu phi c xem nh l phn khng tch ri
ca lan can v phi c bao gm trong bt k th nghim va x no
13.11.2. L ng i b

Khi dng b va v rnh thot nc vi l ng i b trn cc ng dn u cu th chiu cao b va

cho ng ngi i c nng cao trn cu khng nn cao qu 200 mm. Nu yu cu b va c ro
chn th chiu cao b va khng nn thp di 150 mm. Nu chiu cao b va trn cu khc chiu cao
b va ngoi cu th nn lm on chuyn tip u di hn hoc bng 20 ln chnh lch v chiu cao.
13.11.3. X l u cc lan can
Vic x l u cc lan can ng t hoc ro chn bt k no phi p ng cc yu cu c quy
nh trong cc iu 13.7.1.2 v 13.7.1.3.

Tiu chun thit k cu

615

Phn 14 - Khe co gin v gi cu

14.1. Phm vi
Phn ny bao gm cc yu cu v thit k v chn cc gi cu v khe co gin mt cu.
Cc n v s dng trong phn ny phi ly theo N, mm, RAD, oC v cng Shore, tr khi c ghi
ch khc.
14.2. Cc nh ngha
Gi cu - Thit b kt cu truyn cc ti trng trong khi m bo d dng vic tnh tin v/hoc quay.
Khe co gin gi - Khe co gin mt cu ti cc gi v cc kt cu mt cu khc lm cho d tnh
tin ngang v quay ca cc cu kin kt cu tip gip. Khe co gin mt cu c th hoc khng m bo
s tnh tin thng ng khc nhau ca cc cu kin ny.
Gi ng - Gi cu trong cc chuyn v hoc quay xy ra c do s trt ca b mt ng
vi b mt i tip.
Tm gi c tng cng bng vi bng dy - Tm gi c lm bng cc lp cht do v vi bng
dy, c dnh kt vi nhau qua lu ha.
Khe co gin kn - Khe co gin mt cu c thit k ngn nga cc mnh vn gch lt qua khe
co gin v bo v an ton cho b hnh v xe p qua li.
Khe co gin thi cng - Khe co gin tm thi cho php vic thi cng tip sau.
Khe co gin khng ch theo chu k - Khe co gin ca bn dn ngang c thit k cho php co v
gin dc theo cc cu lin khi v cc bn dn c gn vo .
Khe co gin mt cu - S gin on kt cu gia hai cu kin, t nht l mt trong s l cu kin
mt cu. N c thit k cho php s tnh tin tng i v/hoc quay ca cc cu kin kt cu
tip gip.
Gi a - Gi to ra s quay bng s bin dng ca mt a n bng cht do, c c t mt hp
cht urtan. N c th di ng, c dn hng, khng c dn hng, hoc c nh. S chuyn ng
c to ra do s trt ca thp khng g c nh bng trn PFTE.
Gi hnh tr kp - Gi c lm t hai gi hnh tr t ln trn nhau vi cc trc ca chng vung gc
d dng quay xung quanh bt k trc nm ngang no.
Tm gi c tng cng bng si thy tinh - Tm gi c lm t cc lp cht do v si dt thy
tinh, c dnh kt vi nhau qua lu ho.
Gi c nh - Gi ngn chn s tnh tin dc khc nhau ca cc cu kin kt cu tip gip. Gi c nh
c th hoc khng th cung cp s tnh tin phng ngang khc nhau hoc s quay.

Tiu chun thit k cu

616

Cu hon nguyn, hoc cu khng c khe co gin - Cu khng c cc khe co gin mt cu.
Khe co gin - S gin on kt cu gia hai cu kin. Cc b phn kt cu c s dng lm khung
hoc to s gin on.
Mi bt kn khe co gin - Thit b bng cht do c vo hoc ch to sn c thit k ngn
nga hi m v cc mnh vn gch thm nhp vo cc khe co gin.
Gi con lc - Gi trong mt b mt kim loi lm lc l trn mt b mt kim loi li to kh nng
quay xung quanh bt k trc nm ngang no.
Theo chiu dc - Song song vi phng ca nhp chnh ca cu.
Khe co gin dc - Khe co gin song song vi phng ca nhp cu c cu to tch mt cu hoc
kt cu phn trn thnh hai h kt cu c lp.
Gi u a hoc con ln bng kim loi - Gi chu ti trng thng ng bng s tip xc trc tip
gia hai b mt kim loi v to ra s chuyn ng bng s u a hoc ln ca mt b mt i vi b
mt khc
Gi di ng - Gi lm d dng s tnh tin nm ngang khc nhau ca cc cu kin kt cu tip gip
trong phng dc v /hoc ngang. N c th hoc khng th to ra s quay.
Gi quay a nng - Gi bao gm mt cu kin quay dng chu, dng a hoc dng cu khi s dng
nh l gi c nh v c th, thm vo, c cc b mt trt to s tnh tin khi s dng nh l gi
gin n. S chuyn v c th b hn ch theo phng quy nh bi cc thanh dn.
im trung ha - im m quanh n xy ra tt c cc s thay i v khi lng theo chu k ca mt
kt cu.
Khe co gin c h - Khe co gin c thit k cho php nc v cc mnh vn gch i qua
khe co gin.
Tm Cht do thun - Tm gi cht do ch to ring gii hn s tnh tin v s quay.
PTFE ( Polytetrafluorethylene ) - cng gi l Teflon
Gi chu - Gi chu ti trng thng ng bng nn mt a cht do b gi trong mt xilanh thp v
to ra s quay do s bin dng ca a.
Gi trt PTFE - Gi chu ti trng thng ng nh cc ng sut tip xc gia mt tm PTFE hoc
vi dt v b mt i tip ca n, v n cho php cc chuyn ng bng s trt ca PTFE trn b
mt i tip.
Khe co gin gim nh - Khe co gin mt cu thng l khe ngang, c thit k gim thiu hoc l
tc dng lin hp khng c d nh, hoc l tc ng ca s chuyn ng nm ngang khc nhau
gia mt cu v h kt cu tr .
S quay xung quanh trc dc - S quay xung quanh mt trc song song vi phng ca nhp chnh
ca cu.

Tiu chun thit k cu

617

S quay xung quanh trc ngang - S quay xung quanh mt trc song song vi trc ngang ca cu.
Khe co gin c bt li - Khe co gin c cung cp vi mi bt khe co gin.
Gi trt - Gi to ra s chuyn ng bng s chuyn v ca mt b mt tng i vi b mt khc.
Gi Cht do c tng cng thp - Gi lm t cc tm thp cn mng v cht do xen k c dnh kt
vi nhau qua lu ha. Cc ti trng thng ng c chu bi s nn ca tm cht do. Cc chuyn ng
song song vi cc lp thp tng cng v cc s quay c to nn bi s bin dng ca cht do.
S tnh tin - S chuyn ng nm ngang ca cu theo phng dc hoc phng ngang.
Phng ngang - Phng nm ngang trc giao vi trc dc ca cu.
Khe co gin khng thm nc - Khe co gin kn hoc h c cung cp theo dng lng mng no
bn di khe co gin cha v dn lng nc tho ra ca mt cu khi kt cu.
14.3. k hiu
A

din tch mt bng ca cu kin cao su hoc gi (mm2) (14.6.3.1)

chiu di ca tm gi khi quay xung quanh trc ngang ca n hoc chiu rng ca tm
gi khi xoay xung quanh trc dc ca n (mm) (14.7.5.3.5)

khe h thit k gia pittng v chu (mm) (14.7.4.7)

ng knh ca hnh chiu ca b mt cht ti ca gi trong mt phng nm ngang

(mm); ng knh ca tm gi (mm) (14.7.3.2) (14.7.5.3.5)

Dd

ng knh ca cu kin a (mm) (14.7.8.5)

Dp

ng knh trong ca chu trong gi chu (mm) (14.7.4.3)

D1

ng knh ca b mt cong ca mt con lc hoc con ln (mm) (14.7.1.4)

D2

ng knh ca b mt cong ca mt b phn i tip (D2 = cho tm phng) (mm) (14.7.1.4)

Ec

m un hu hiuca gi cao su chu nn ( MPa) (14.6.3.2)

Es

m un young i vi thp (MPa) (14.7.1.4)

Fy

cng chy do ti thiu quy nh ca thp yu nht ti b mt tip xc (MPa) (14.7.1.4)

m un ct ca cao su (MPa) (14.6.3.1)

Hs

ti trng s dng nm ngang tc dng ln gi (N) (14.7.4.7)

Hu

lc nm ngang tnh ton tc dng trn gi hoc trn thit b kim ch (14.6.3.1)

hmax =

chiu dy ca lp cao su dy nht trong gi cao su (mm) (14.7.5.3.7)

hp

chiu cao ca chu (mm) (14.7.4.6)

hr

chiu cao ca a cao su i vi gi chu (mm) (14.7.4.3)

hri

chiu dy ca lp cao su th i trong gi cao su (mm) (14.7.5.1)

hrt

tng chiu cao Cht do trong mt gi cao su

hs

chiu dy ca l thp trong gi cao su - thp l (mm) (14.7.5.3.7)

m men qun tnh (mm4) (14.6.3.2)

chiu di ca gi cao su hnh ch nht (song song vi trc dc ca cu) (mm); chiu
di hnh chiu ca mt trt vung gc vi trc quay (mm) (14.7.5.1) (14.7.3.3)

Tiu chun thit k cu

618

Mu

m men tnh ton (N.mm) (14.6.3.2)

s cc lp cao su (14.7.5.3.5)

PD

ti trng nn s dng do ti trng thng xuyn (N) (14.7.3.3)

Pr

sc khng tnh ton ca vch chu (N) (14.7.4.6)

Ps

ti trng nn s dng do tng ti trng (N) (14.7.1.4)

Pu

lc nn tnh ton (N) (14.6.3.1)

bn knh ca b mt cong trt (mm) (14.6.3.2)

chiu di ca tm gi nu quay xung quanh trc ngang ca n, hoc chiu rng ca

tm gi nu quay xung quanh trc dc ca n (mm) (14.7.5.3.5)

h s hnh dng ca lp dy nht ca gi cao su (14.7.5.1)

tw

chiu dy ca vch chu (mm) (14.7.4.6)

chiu rng ca khe trng trn ng t (mm); chiu rng ca gi theo phng ngang
(mm); chiu di ca xi lanh (mm) (14.5.3.2) (14.7.1.4) (14.7.3.2)

chiu cao ca vnh pittng trong gi chu (mm) (14.74.7)

gc ma st hu hiutrong cc gi PTFE (RAD) (14.7.3.3)

FTH =

ngng mi bin khng i i vi loi A (14.7.5.3.7)

chuyn v nm ngang ln nht ca mt cu trng thi gii hn s dng (mm)

(14.7.5.3.4)

bin dng ct ln nht ca cao su trng thi gii hn s dng (mm) (14.7.5.3..4)

bin dng ct tnh ton ln nht ca cao su (mm) (14.6.3.1)

ln do nn tc thi ca gi (mm) (14.7.5.3.3)

ng bin nn tc thi trong lp cao su th i ca gi c l thp gia cng (14.7.5.3.3)

gc quay s dng ti a do tng ti trng (RAD) (14.7.5.3.5)

s, x

gc quay s dng ti a do tng ti trng xung quanh trc ngang (RAD) (14.7.6.3.5)

s, z

gc quay s dng ti a do tng ti trng xung quanh trc dc (RAD) (14.7.6.3.5)

gc quay tnh ton hoc thit k (RAD) (14.4.2)

gc cho ca cu hoc khe co gin mt cu () ((14.7.5.3.2)

h s ma st (14.6.3.1)

ng sut nn s dng trung bnh do hot ti (MPa) (14.7.5.3.2)

ng sut nn s dng trung bnh do tng ti trng (MPa) (14.7.5.3)

SS

ng sut tip xc trung bnh ln nht trng thi gii hn cng c php dng
trn PTFE theo Bng 14.7.2.4-1 hay dng trn ng thau theo Bng 14.7.7.3-1 (MPa)
(14.7.3.2)

ng sut nn trung bnh tnh ton (MPa) (14.7.3.2)

h s sc khng (14.6.1)

Tiu chun thit k cu

619

14.4. Cc chuyn v v cc ti trng

14.4.1. Tng qut
Vic la chn v b tr cc khe co gin v cc gi cu phi tnh n cc bin dng do nhit v cc
nguyn nhn khc ph thuc thi gian v phi ph hp vi chc nng ring ca cu.
Cc khe co gin mt cu v cc gi phi c thit k chu cc ti trng v thch nghi vi cc chuyn
v trng thi gii hn s dng v cng v tha mn cc yu cu ca trng thi gii hn mi v
t gy. Cc ti trng pht sinh ti cc khe co gin, cc gi v cc cu kin ph thuc vo cng ca
tng cu kin v cc dung sai t c trong ch to v lp rp. Nhng nh hng ny phi xt n
trong tnh ton cc ti trng thit k i vi cc cu kin. Khng cho php c s h hi do chuyn v
ca khe co gin hoc gi cu trng thi gii hn s dng, v cc trng thi gii hn c bit v
cng , khng c xy ra h hi khng th sa cha.
Cc chuyn v tnh tin v quay ca cu phi c xt trong thit k cc gi. Trnh t thi cng phi
c xem xt, v mi t hp ti hn ca ti trng v chuyn v cng phi c xem xt trong thit k.
Phi xem xt cc chuyn v quay theo hai trc nm ngang v trc thng ng. Cc chuyn v phi bao
gm nhng chuyn v gy ra bi cc ti trng, cc bin dng v cc chuyn v gy ra bi cc hiu ng
t bin, co ngt v nhit, v bi cc s khng chnh xc trong lp rp. Trong mi trng hp phi xem
xt c cc hiu ng tc thi v lu di nhng khng bao gm nh hng ca xung kch. T hp bt lp
nht ca ti trng phi lp thnh bng theo dng hp l nh th hin trong Hnh 1.
xc nh cc hiu ng lc trong cc khe co gin, cc gi v cc cu kin kt cu lin k, phi xem
xt nh hng ca cc cng ca chng v cc dung sai d tnh t ti trong khi ch to v lp rp.
Trong thit k cc gi phi xem xt, cc tc ng ba chiu ca cc chuyn v tnh tin v quay ca cu .
Trong thit k cc khe co gin v cc gi, phi xem xt c hai tc ng lu di v tc thi.

620

Tiu chun thit k cu

Hnh 14.4.1-1- Bn lit k gi cu in hnh

Tn cu hoc s hiu cu
nh du nhn dng gi
S gi yu cu
Vt liu ta

Mt trn
Mt di
Mt trn

p lc tip xc
trung bnh cho php (MPa)
( trng thi gii hn)
Hiu ng lc tnh
ton (N)

Mt di
Trng thi gii hn s
dng

Trng thi gii hn

cng
Tnh tin

Quay(RAD)

Trng thi
gii hn
s dng

Khng o
chiu
o chiu

Trng thi
gii hn
cng

Khng o
chiu
o chiu

Trng thi
gii hn
s dng

Khng o
chiu
o chiu

Mt trn
Kch thc ln nht
ca gi (mm)

Mt di

Tng chiu cao

Chuyn v cho php ca gi di tc ng ca
ti trng nht thi (mm)
Sc khng cho php chng tnh tin trng
thi gii hn s dng (N)
Sc khng cho php chng quay trng thi
gii hn s dng (N/mm)
Kiu gn vi kt cu v kt cu
phn di

S dng
Cng
S dng
Cng
Thng
Ln nht
ng
Cho php
Nh nht
Ngang
Dc
Thng ng
Ngang
Dc
Ngang
Dc
Ngang
Dc
Ngang
Dc
Ngang
Dc
Ngang
Dc
Ngang
Dc
Ngang
Dc
Ngang
Dc
Thng ng
Ngang
Dc
Ngang
Dc
Ngang
Dc
Ngang
Dc

Tiu chun thit k cu

621

14.4.2. Cc yu cu thit k
Cc chuyn v nhit ti thiu phi c tnh t cc nhit cc tr quy nh trong iu 3.12.2 v nhit
d tnh khi lp t. Cc ti trng thit k phi c cn c trn cc t hp ti trng v cc h s ti
trng quy nh trong Phn 3.
Gc quay s dng ti a cha nhn h s do tng ti trng s i vi cc gi nh gi bng tm cao su
hoc gi cao su c tng cng thp tc l gi khng t c tip xc cng gia cc cu kin thp phi
ly bng tng ca:

Cc gc quay do tnh v hot ti, v

Mt dung sai v cc iu khng chc chn phi ly bng 0,005 RAD, tr khi mt k hoch kim tra
cht lng c duyt minh chng cho mt gi tr nh hn.

Gc quay trng thi gii hn cng u i vi cc gi nh gi chu, gi a v mt trt cong tc

l gi c th khai trin tip xc cng gia cc cu kin thp phi ly bng tng ca:

Cc gc xoay do ton b ti trng tnh ton tnh ton thch hp.

Gc xoay ti a do sai s ch to v lp t phi ly bng 0,01 RAD, tr khi mt k hoch kim tra
cht lng c duyt minh chng cho mt gi tr nh hn, v

Mt dung sai v cc iu khng chc chn phi ly bng 0,01 RAD, tr khi mt k hoch kim tra
cht lng c duyt minh chng cho mt gi tr nh hn.

14.5. Cc khe co gin ca cu

14.5.1. Cc yu cu

14.5.1.1. Tng qut

Cc khe co gin mt cu phi bao gm cc thnh phn c b tr to iu kin cho s tnh tin v
s quay ca kt cu ti khe co gin.
Loi khe co gin v cc khe h b mt phi thch nghi vi s chuyn ng ca cc xe my, xe p v
b hnh, nh yu cu, v phi va khng lm gim st mt cch ng k cc c im chy xe ca lng
ng, va khng gy ra s h hng cho xe c.
Cc khe co gin phi c cu to ngn nga s h hng cho kt cu gy ra t nc v cc mnh
vn gch ca lng ng.
Cc khe co gin mt cu theo chiu dc ch phi lm ni cn thit iu chnh cc tc ng ca
chnh lch chuyn ng ngang v/ hoc thng ng gia kt cu phn trn v kt cu phn di.
Cc khe co gin v cc neo lin kt cc kt cu phn trn ca mt cu bn trc hng yu cu cc cu
to c bit.

14.5.1.2. Thit k kt cu
cc khe co gin v cc tr ca chng phi c thit k chu c cc hiu ng lc tnh ton trn
phm vi tnh ton ca cc chuyn ng theo quy nh trong Phn 3. Cc h s sc khng v cc iu
chnh phi ly theo quy nh trong cc Phn 1, 5 v 6.

Tiu chun thit k cu

622

Phi xt cc h s sau y trong vic xc nh cc hiu ng lc v cc chuyn v:

Cc c tnh ca vt liu trong kt cu, bao gm h s gin n nhit, mun n hi v h s

Poisson;

Cc tc ng ca nhit , t bin v co ngt;

Cc kch thc ca cc thnh phn kt cu;

Cc dung sai thi cng;

Cc phng php v trnh t thi cng;

Cho v cong;

Sc khng ca cc khe co gin i vi cc chuyn v;

S tng ca mt ng dn;

Cc chuyn v ca kt cu phn di do thi cng nn p;

Cc chuyn v ca mng lin quan ti s c kt v n nh ca tng t nn;

Cc hn ch kt cu, v

Cc p ng kt cu tnh v ng v s tng tc ca chng.

Chiu di ca kt cu phn trn tc ng n chuyn v ti mt trong cc khe co gin ca n phi l

chiu di t khe co gin ang c xem xt n im trung ha ca kt cu.
i vi kt cu phn trn cong, khng b kim ch ngang bi cc gi c dn hng, th phng ca
chuyn v dc ti khe co gin c th gi nh l song song vi dy cung ca ng tim ca mt cu
ly t khe co gin n im trung ha ca kt cu.
Kh nng v chuyn v dc khng thng theo tim v chuyn v quay ca kt cu phn trn ti khe co gin
cn c xem xt trong thit k cc khe co gin thng ng trong cc b va v cc ro chn c nng ln
v trong xc nh v tr v s nh hng thch hp ca mi hp long hoc cc tm lin kt cu.

14.5.1.3. Hnh hc
Cc b mt di chuyn ca khe co gin phi c thit k lm vic phi hp vi cc gi trnh b
gi cc khe co gin v nh hng ngc li ti cc hiu ng lc t ln cc gi.

14.5.1.4. Vt liu
Cc vt liu phi c tuyn chn bo m rng chng l tng thch v n hi, nhit v ha. ni
c cc s khc bit quan trng, cc mt tip gip vt liu phi c tnh ton chnh xc cung cp cc
h chc nng y .
Cc vt liu, khc vi cht do, cn c tui i s dng khng t hn 100 nm. Cht do cho cc cht
bt khe co gin v cc mng cu nn c tui i s dng khng t hn 25 nm.
Cc khe co gin chu ti trng giao thng cn c s x l b mt chng trt v tt c cc phn phi
chu c s mi mn v s va chm ca xe c.

14.5.1.5. Bo dng
Cc khe co gin mt cu phi c thit k lm vic vi s bo dng t nht trong tui thit k
ca cu.

Tiu chun thit k cu

623

Cn cu to sao cho c th i n cc khe co gin t pha di mt cu v c din tch bo dng.

Cc thnh phn c hc v cht do ca khe co gin phi thay th c.
Cc khe co gin phi c thit k thun tin cho s m rng thng ng ri cc lp thm
lng ng.
14.5.2. S la chn

14.5.2.1. S lng khe co gin

S lng khe co gin mt cu di ng trong mt kt cu cn c gim n ti thiu. Phi u tin s
dng cc h mt cu v cc kt cu phn trn lin tc, v ni no thch hp, th lm cc cu khng c
khe co gin.
S cn thit v mt khe co gin c chc nng y khng ch theo chu k phi c nghin cu t
trn cc on dn ca cu ton khi.
Cc khe co gin di ng c th lm cc m ca cc cu nhp gin n chu ln chnh lch thy r.
Cn xem xt cc khe co gin trung gian ca mt cu cho cc cu nhiu nhp ni m ln chnh lch
s dn n s vt ng sut mt cch ng k.

14.5.2.2. V tr ca cc khe co gin

Cn trnh lm cc khe co gin mt cu vt ng b, ng st, va h, cc khu vc cng cng khc,
v im thp ca cc ng cong lm.
Cc khe co gin cn c nh v i vi cc tng bn cnh v tng lng ca n ngn nga s x
ra ca h thng thot nc mt cu tch trong cc khe co gin ng trn b gi cu.
Cc khe co gin h ca mt cu ch c t ni m h thot nc c th hng trnh cc gi v c
x trc tip di khe co gin.
Cc khe co gin kn hoc khng thm nc ca mt cu cn c t ni m cc khe co gin c t
trc tip trn cc b phn kt cu v cc gi c th b tc ng bt li bi s tch t ca cc mnh vn
gch .
i vi cc cu thng, cc cu kin dc ca cc khe co gin mt cu, nh cc tm kiu lc, cc tm b
va v tm barie, v cc dm mi bt khe co gin theo mun cn c t song song vi trc dc
ca cu. i vi cc cu cong v cho, phi cho php cc chuyn ng ca u mt cu ph hp vi
cc chuyn ng do cc gi.
14.5.3. Cc yu cu thit k

14.5.3.1. Cc chuyn v trong khi thi cng

ni no thc t cho php, cc m v tr t trong hoc lin k vi cc nn p cn c thi cng tr
hn, sau khi lm xong v c kt nn p. Nu khng, cc khe co gin mt cu cn c nh c
ph hp vi cc chuyn ng c kh nng xy ra ca m v tr do s c kt ca nn p sau khi xy
dng chng.

624

Tiu chun thit k cu

C th s dng hp long trong cc cu btng gim thiu tc dng ca s co ngt gy ra d ng

lc trn chiu rng ca cc mi bt v trn quy m ca cc gi.

14.5.3.2. Cc chuyn v trong s dng

Khe h ca b mt lng ng, W, bng mm, trong khe co gin ngang ca mt cu, c o trc giao
vi khe co gin chuyn v ti hn tnh ton, c xc nh bng s dng t hp ti trng cng
quy nh trong Bng 3.4.1-1, phi tha mn:

i vi khe h n:
W 64 + 38 ( 1-2 sin2 )

(14.5.3.2-1)

i vi nhiu khe h theo mun:

W 50 + 25 ( 1-2 sin2 )

14.5.3.2-2)

trong :

cho ca mt cu khe co gin ()

i vi cc kt cu phn trn bng kim loi, chiu rng h ca khe co gin ngang mt cu v khe h
ca b mt lng ng trong khng c nh hn 25 mm ti chuyn v cc hn tnh ton. i vi
cc kt cu phn trn bng b tng, phi xem xt h ca cc khe co gin do t bin v co ngt c th
yu cu cc h nh nht ban u nh hn 25 mm.
Tr phi c cc tiu chun thch hp hn, khe h ln nht ca b mt ca cc khe co gin dc ca lng
ng b khng c vt qa 25 mm.
chuyn v cc hn tnh ton, h gia cc rng lc k nhau trn mt tm rng lc khng c
vt qa:

50 mm i vi cc h dc ln hn 200 mm, hoc

75 mm i vi cc h dc 200 mm hoc nh hn.

S chm ln nhau ca rng lc chuyn v cc hn tnh ton khng c nh hn 38 mm.

ni d kin c xe p i trn lng ng, phi xem xt vic s dng cc tm ph sn c bit trong
cc khu vc l ng.

14.5.3.3. Bo v
Cc khe co gin mt cu phi c thit k thch ng vi cc tc ng ca giao thng xe c v thit
b bo dng mt ng v s h hi lu di khc do mi trng gy ra.
Cc khe co gin trong cc mt cu b tng cn c bc st vi cc thp hnh, thp hn hoc thp c,
Bc st nh th phi c t lm vo bn di cc b mt lng ng.
i vi cc mt ng ca ng dn c khe co gin phi lm cc khe co gin gim nh p lc v cc
neo mt ng. Cc ng dn n cc cu ton khi phi c cung cp vi cc khe co gin mt
ng khng ch theo chu k.

Tiu chun thit k cu

625

14.5.3.4. Cc tm che
Cc tm che ca khe co gin v cc tm rng lc cn c thit k nh cc b phn mt tha c kh
nng chu cc ti trng bnh xe.
Phi nghin cu s ln chnh lch gia hai bn ca tm che ca khe co gin. Nu s ln chnh lch
khng th gim n mc c th chp nhn c, hoc c lm cho ph hp trong thit k v cu to
cc tm bc cu v cc b phn ca chng, th cn s dng mt khe co gin thch hp hn.
Khng s dng cc tm che cc gi cht do hoc cc gi treo tr phi chng c thit k nh l cc
b phn mt tha v cc ti liu hp ng yu cu lp t chng ngn nga s kt ca cc khe co
gin do s chuyn ng thng ng v nm ngang cc gi.

14.5.3.5. Bc thp
Chi tit mp bc thp ca khe co gin c chn vo cc lp b tng gc cn c khot cc l thng
hi thng ng ng knh ti thiu 20 mm t cch tim n tim khng ln hn 460 mm.
Cc b mt kim loi rng hn 300 mm chu giao thng xe c phi c x l chng trt.

14.5.3.6. Cc neo
Cn lm cc neo ca tm st bc hoc cc neo chng ct bo m tp tnh lin hp gia b tng gc
v phn kim kh ca khe co gin, v ngn nga s n mn lp di b mt bng vic trm kn cc
ng bao gia thp bc v lp b tng gc.
Cc neo cho tm thp bc khe co gin ca lng ng phi c trc tip lin kt vo lp nn kt cu,
hoc ko di mu mt cch hu hiuqa vo lp b tng ct thp gc.
Cc mp t do ca st bc lng ng, ln hn 75 mm tnh t cc neo hoc cc chi tit lin kt khc,
phi lm cc inh neo hn u, ng knh 12,0 mm di t nht 100 mm, vi khong cch khng ln
hn 300 mm tnh t cc neo hoc cc chi tit lin kt khc. Cc mp ca ng ngi i v tm thp
bc barie phi c neo tng t.

14.5.3.7. Cc bulng
Cc bulng neo cho cc tm che, cho cc mi bt khe co gin v cc neo ca khe co gin, phi l cc
bulng cng cao chu xon hon ton. Phi trnh xen vo cc lp gc khng phi kim loi trong
cc lin kt bulng cng cao. Cc neo ti ch phi c dng trong b tng mi. Trong cng
trnh mi khng s dng cc neo gin n, cc bulng neo bt vo l khot loe ming v cc neo c
trm va.
14.5.4. Ch to
Cc thp hnh v thp bn phi dy lm cng b phn lp rp v gim s cong vnh do hn.
bo m s va khp thch hp v chc nng, cc ti liu hp ng cn yu cu:

Tiu chun thit k cu

626

Cc thnh phn ca khe co gin c lp rp hon ton phn xng kim tra v nghim thu,

Cc khe co gin v cc cht bt c chuyn ch n hin trng trng thi c lp rp hon

ton, v

Cc khe co gin c lp ghp vi cc chiu di ti 18.000 mm c cung cp khng c cc mi

ni trung gian hin trng.

14.5.5. Lp t

14.5.5.1. S iu chnh
Nu thiu cc thng tin chnh xc hn, nhit lp t phi ly theo nhit trung bnh ca khng kh
trong bng rm di cu 48 gi trc khi lp t khe co gin trong cc cu btng v 24 gi trc
khi lp t khe co gin i vi cc cu m cc b phn chnh c lm bng thp.
i vi cc cu di, cho php c dung sai v chiu rng ca khe co gin quy nh xt n s khng
chnh xc vn c trong vic xc lp cc nhit lp t v cc chuyn v ca kt cu phn trn c th
xy ra trong thi gian gia vic b tr chiu rng ca khe co gin v vic hon thnh s lp t khe co
gin. Trong thit k cc khe co gin cho cc cu di, cn u tin dng cc thit b, cc chi tit v cc
phng php no cho php iu chnh v hon thnh khe co gin trong thi gian ngn nht c th c.
Cc lin kt ca cc chi tit khe co gin vo cc b phn chnh cn cho php cc hiu chnh nm
ngang, thng ng v quay.
Cc mi ni thi cng v cc khi ch to sn cn c s dng ni no thc hin c cho php
lp vt liu p v lp cc thnh phn chnh ca cu trc khi t v hiu chnh khe co gin.

14.5.5.2. Cc thit b chng tm

Cc khe co gin mt cu phi c trang b cc thit b tm thi chng cc thnh phn cu khe co
gin trong ng v tr cho n khi cc lin kt vnh cu c thc hin hoc cho n khi btng bc
t c s ng cng ban u. Cc thit b chng nh th phi gip cho s hiu chnh chiu
rng ca khe co gin i vi cc thay i trong nhit lp t.

14.5.5.3. Cc mi ni hin trng

Cc thit k khe co gin phi bao gm cc chi tit cho cc mi ni ngang hin trng i vi vic thi
cng phn giai on v cho cc khe co gin di hn 18 000 mm. ni no thc hin c, th cc mi
ni cn c t ngoi cc vt bnh xe v cc khu vc mng nc.
Cc chi tit trong cc mi ni cn c tuyn chn tng ti a tui th chu mi.
Cc mi ni hin trng c cung cp cho vic thi cng phn giai on phi c t c lu ti cc
khe co gin thi cng khc cung cp ch lm cc lin kt ca mi ni .
Cc ti liu hp ng cn yu cu l cc cht trm bt vnh cu ch c t sau khi vic lp t khe co
gin hon tt. ni no thc hin c th ch cc cht trm bt l c s dng t vo mt
n v lin tc. ni no khng th trnh phi ni ghp hin trng, th cc mi ni cn c
lu ha.

Tiu chun thit k cu

627

14.5.6. Cc xem xt v cc loi khe co gin c bit

14.5.6.1.Cc khe co gin h

Cc khe co gin h ca mt cu phi cho php nc chy t do qua khe co gin. Cc tr v cc m ti
cc khe co gin h phi tha mn cc yu cu ca iu 2.5.2 ct ngn chn s tch t ca nc v
cc mnh vn gch .

14.5.6.2. Cc khe co gin kn

Cc khe co gin c bt kn ca mt cu phi bt b mt ca cu, bao gm va, l cu, di phn cch
gia, v, ni cn thit, lan can v cc tng ro. Khe co gin c bit li ca mt cu phi ngn chn
s tch t nc v cc mnh vn gch khin hn ch s hot ng ca khe co gin. Cc khe co gin
kn hoc khng thm nc ph ra trc h thng thot nc ca lng ng phi c cc b mt kt cu
thp hn so vi khe co gin c to hnh v c bo v theo yu cu i vi cc khe co gin h.
Cc mi bt kn khe co gin khng c cho r nc v cn y cc mnh vn gch ra khi bt li.
Nc thot tch t trong cc ch lm ca khe co gin v ch st ln ca vt liu bt khng c x ln
cc b cu hoc cc phn nm ngang ca kt cu.
ni m s chuyn ng ca khe co gin c lm cho ph hp bng s thay i hnh hc ca cc
m bt hoc cc mng cht do, th cc ming m hoc cc mng cht do khng c trc tip tip
xc vi cc bnh xe.

14.5.6.3. Cc khe co gin khng thm nc

Cc h khng thm nc cho cc khe co gin, bao gm cc mng, ci gom nc v ng x nc ca
khe co gin phi c thit k gom t, dn v tho x nc mt cu khi kt cu cu.
Trong thit k cc mng thot nc, cn xem xt:

Cc dc ca mng khng nh hn 1mm/ 12 mm,

Cc mng h u hoc cc mng vi cc l tho x ln,

Cc mng c ch to sn,

Cc mng bao gm cc tm cht do c ct tng cng, thp khng g hoc kim loi khc vi cc
lp sn ph bn lu,

Cc linh kin lin kt bng thp khng g,

Cc mng c th c thay th t pha di ca khe co gin,

Cc mng c th ngang bng t b mt lng ng, v

Cc khe co gin bng kim loi hn v cc mi ni bng cht do c lu ha.

14.5.6.4. Cc mi bt kn khe co gin

Cc mi bt kn khe co gin phi lm thch hp vi tt c cc chuyn ng c d kin.

Tiu chun thit k cu

628

Trong la chn loi mi bt, cn xem xt cc mi bt kn:

c to hnh sn hoc ch to sn,

C th c thay th m khng c s sa i ln khe co gin,

Khng chu cc ti trng bnh xe,

C th t trong mt b phn lin tc,

c t tht xung di b mt bc st ca khe co gin,

c neo kt c hc, v

p ng c cc thay i v chiu rng ca khe co gin m khng c sc khng ln.

Vt liu cht do cho cc mi bt kn cn:

Bn lu, bng neopren nguyn cht hoc cao su t nhin v c tng cng vi cc l thp cn
mng hoc tm vi dt.

c lu ha,

c kim tra bng th nghim theo chu k di hn, v

c lin kt bng cc cht dnh kt c x l ha hc.

14.5.6.5. Cc mi bt kn c rt vt liu bt vo
Tr phi cc s liu chng minh cho mt chiu rng nh hn ca khe co gin, chiu rng ca khe co
gin cho cc mi bit rt vo cn t nht bng 6,0 ln chuyn v tnh ton d kin ca khe co gin.
Lin kt vt liu bt kn vo cc vt liu kim loi v xy cn c chng minh bng cc phng php
th nghim c chp nhn.

14.5.6.6. Cc mi bt kn chu nn v c nhiu ngn

Ti ni m cc mi bt kn vi vi dt dy phi chu ton b phm vi chuyn v, th cc khe co gin
khng c cho hn 20o.
Cc mi bt kn chu nn cho cc khe co gin gi, chiu rng khng c nh hn 64 mm m cng
khng c ln hn 150 mm khi khng chu nn v phi c quy nh v s gia ca chiu rng bng
bi s ca 12,0 mm.
Cc mi bt kn chnh ca lng ng phi c lm khng c cc mi ni hoc cc on ct, tr phi
c k s chp thun ring bit.
Trong cc khu vc rnh nc v l cu, cc mi bt kn lng ng phi c un cong thnh cc
ng cong dn dn duy tr s thot nc ca lng ng. Cc u ca cc mi bt kn lng ng
phi c bo v bng cc np hoc chp c l thng c gn vo mt cch chc chn. Cc mi bt
kn ph trong cc b va v cc khu vc c ro chn c th c ct ra v un theo s cn thit gip
cho s un v gi vo khe co gin.
Cc mi bt kn c ngn kn khng c s dng trong cc khe co gin ni m chng s chu nn ko
di, tr phi s thch hp ca cht dnh kt v cht bt kn c chng minh bng cc th nghim lu
di cho cc ng dng tng t.

14.5.6.7. Cc mi bt kn bng tm v di

Tiu chun thit k cu

629

Trong vic chn la v p dng cc mi bt kn bng tm hoc di, cn xem xt:

Cc thit k khe co gin m cc ming m bt vi cc ch neo khng b ph ra chu cc ti trng

xe c,

Cc thit k khe co gin cho php s kn hon ton m khng c cc nh hng c hi ti cc m bt,

Cc thit k khe co gin ni m cc m bt cht do ko rng thng n cc mp ca mt cu,

hn l b un cong cc b va hoc cc ro chn,

Cc mt cu vi mui luyn hoc siu cao bo m s thot nc ngang ca nc tch t v

cc mnh vn gch ,

Cc m bt c to hnh y cc mnh vn gch ra khi, v

Cc m bt khng c cc thay i t ngt theo hng ngang hoc ng.

Ch c dng cc mi bt kn bng tm v di c ghp ni khi c k s chp thun ring bit.

14.5.6.8. Cc mi bt kn kiu tm vn
Ch nn s dng mi bt kn kiu tm vn mt cch hn hu trn cc cu trn ng th yu cho xe ti
nh v cho cc mi ni khng cho hoc cho t.
Cn xem xt:

Cc mi bt kn c cung cp bng mt tm lin tc theo chiu di ca khe co gin,

Cc mi bt kn vi cc mi ni c lu ha, v

Cc ch neo chu c cc lc cn thit ko di ra hoc p mi bt li.

14.5.6.9. Cc mi bt kn theo mun

Cn xem xt:

Cc mi bt kn c kim tra bng th nghim di hn,

Cc mi bt kn vi cc tm bt cht do c khc lm vo thp hn cc phn kim kh ca b phn

lp rp,

Cc mi bt kn c thit k d dng sa cha v thay th cc thnh phn,

Cc mi bt kn cc khu vc th c cc thnh phn c thit k gim thiu ting n, v

Cc mi bt kn c lp rp hon ton bi nh sn xut,

Cu to hnh hc ca khe co gin nn lm cng n gin cng tt. Cc khi lp ngoi cn xem xt
cho php lp t cc mi bt kn sau khi lm xong cc phn chnh ca cu.

14.6. Cc yu cu i vi cc gi cu
14.6.1. Tng qut
Cc gi cu c th l c nh hoc di ng theo yu cu v thit k cu. Cc gi di ng c th bao gm
cc thanh dn khng ch phng tnh tin. Cc gi c nh v c dn hng phi c thit k
chu tt c cc ti trng v kim ch s tnh tin khng mong mun.
Tr phi c ch gii khc, h s sc khng cho cc gi, , phi ly bng 1,0.
Cc gi chu lc nh tnh bt k trng thi gii hn no phi c bo m bng ging xung hoc
neo xung.

630

Tiu chun thit k cu

ln v phng ca cc chuyn v v cc ti trng s dng trong thit k gi phi c xc nh r

rng trong cc ti liu hp ng.
Cc s phi hp ca cc kiu gi c nh hoc di ng khc nhau khng nn s dng cng khe co
gin hoc ch cong, hoc tr cu, tr khi trong thit k c xem xt n hiu ng ca cc c tnh quay
v un khc nhau trn cc gi v cu.
Khng nn s dng cc gi quay a nng theo cc quy nh ca phn ny ni m cc ti trng thng
ng nh hn 20% kh nng chu ti thng ng.
Cc gi cu kiu cng v cc thnh phn ca n phi thit k vn n hi trong ng t tnh ton.
Mi gi cu phi c nh gi v bn ca cu kin v ca lin kt, v n nh ta.
14.6.2. Cc c tnh
Gi c chn cho ng dng c bit phi c cc kh nng chuyn v v chu ti trng thch hp. C
th s dng Bng 1 v Hnh 1 so snh cc h gi khc nhau.
Phi p dng thut ng sau y vo Bng 1:
S
=
Ph hp
U
=
Khng ph hp
L
=
Ph hp cho cc ng dng b gii hn
R
=
C th ph hp, nhng yu cu cc xem xem xt ring bit hoc cc cu kin thm
vo nh cc thanh trt hoc cc ung dn
Long =
Trc dc
Trans=
Trc ngang
Vert =
Trc thng ng

Bng 14.6.2.1- S thch hp ca gi

Loi gi

Chuyn v

Dc
Tm Cht do n gin
S
Tm c tng cng bng
S
si thy tinh
Tm c tng cng bng
U
si bng dy
Gi Cht do c tng
S
cng bng thp
Gi trt phng
S
Gi hnh cu trt cong
R
Gi hnh tr trt cong
R
Gi a
R
Gi hnh tr kp
R
Gi chu
R
Gi u a
S
Gi con lc
U
Gi con ln n
S
Gi nhiu con ln
S

Ngang
S
S

Quay xung quanh

Sc khng li
trc cu ch nh
ti trng
Dc Ngang ng Dc Ngang ng
S
S
L
L
L
L
S
S
L
L
L
L

S
R
R
R
R
R
U
U
U
U

U
S
U
S
S
S
U
U
U
U

U
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
U

S
S
U
L
U
L
U
U
U
U

R
R
R
S
R
S
R
S
U
U

R
R
R
R
R
S
R
R
R
U

S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S

631

Tiu chun thit k cu

Mt trt ma st thp

Mt trt ma st thp

Gi hnh cu

Gi hnh tr
a cht do

Pht tng

Gi hp
Gi hp

Hp

Tm ph bng
cao su

Gi con ln
hnh qut

Lp cao su

Ct thp

Gi tm cht do

Hnh 14.6.2-1- Cc loi gi ph bin

14.6.3. Cc tc ng lc do s kim ch chuyn v gi

14.6.3.1. Lc v chuyn v nm ngang

Cc lc v cc chuyn v nm ngang gy ra trong cu do s kim ch chuyn v gi phi c xc
nh bng s dng cc chuyn v v cc c im ca gi quy nh trong iu 14.7.
Phi thit k cc gi m rng v cc b phn chng ca chng sao cho kt cu c th chu c cc
chuyn ng tng ng vi cc chuyn v do ng t c xc nh theo cc quy nh trong Phn 3
m khng b sp . Phi m bo cc chiu rng gi ta cho cc gi m rng.
K s phi xc nh s lng gi yu cu chng li cc ti trng quy nh trong Phn 3 c xt
n nhng kh nng tham gia lm vic khng u do cc dung sai thi cng, do lch tim khng
lng trc v sc chu ti ca tng gi ring l cng nh do cho.
Cn xt n vic s dng cc cu kin c th iu chnh ti hin trng nhm m bo s tham gia
gn nh ng thi ca mt s cc gi d kin.

Phi tnh cc lc ngang nh cc lc sinh ra do ma st trt, ma st ln hay bin dng ct ca mt cu

kin d un trong gi.
Phi ly lc ma st trt tnh ton nh sau :
Hu = Pu
trong :
Hu

lc nm ngang tnh ton (N)

h s ma st

Pu

lc nn tnh ton (N)

Lc tnh ton do s bin dng ca mt kt cu cht do phi ly nh sau :

(14.6.3.1-1)

632

Tiu chun thit k cu

Hu =GA
trong :
G
=
A
=
u
=
hrt
=

u
h rt

(14.6.3.1-2)

m un ct ca cht do (MPa)
din tch mt bng ca cu kin cht do hoc gi (mm2)
bin dng ct tnh ton (mm)
tng chiu cao ca cht do (mm)

Cc lc ln tnh ton phi c xc nh bng th nghim.

14.6.3.2. M men
C kt cu phn trn v kt cu phn di phi c thit k vi m men tnh ton ln nht, Mu , do gi
truyn n.
i vi cc gi trt cong khng km theo mt trt phng, Mu phi ly nh sau:
Mu

= Pu R

(14.6.3.2-1)

i vi cc gi trt c km theo mt trt phng, Mu phi ly bng:

Mu

= 2 Pu R

(14.6.3.2-2)

trong :
Mu

mmen tnh ton (N.mm)

bn knh ca mt trt cong (mm)

i vi cc gi v cc tm cht do khng b kim ch, Mu phi ly nh sau:

M u = 1,6(0,5E c I )
trong :
I
=
Ec
=
s
=
=
hrt

s
h rt

(14.6.3.2-3)

mmen qun tnh ca dng mt bng ca gi (mm4)

mun hu hiu ca gi cht do chu nn (MPa)
gc quay thit k quy nh trong iu 14.4.2
tng chiu dy cc tm cht do (mm)

14.6.4. Ch to, lp t, th nghim v vn chuyn

Phi p dng cc quy nh v ch to, lp t, th nghim v vn chuyn ca cc gi c quy nh

trong Phn 818 , Thit b gi ca Tiu chun Thi Cng.
14.6.5. Cc quy nh v ng t i vi gi

14.6.5.1. Tng qut

Phi p dng iu ny cho vic phn tch, thit k v cu to chi tit i vi cc gi cho ph hp
vi cc hiu ng ca ng t.
Phi p dng cc quy nh ny b sung vo mi yu cu trong cc quy nh hin hnh khc. Khi chn
loi gi, phi xt n tiu chun v ng t ni trong iu 14.6.5.3 trong cc giai on u thit k.

Tiu chun thit k cu

633

14.6.5.2. Phm vi p dng

Phi p dng cc quy nh ny cho cc gi c cht, gi con ln, gi u a v cc gi trt bng
ng thau hay hp kim ng, cc gi cao su, cc gi cu, cc gi chu v gi a trong cc cu
ph bin loi dm - bn, nhng khng p dng cho cc gi loi dng cho cch ly ng t hay cc
gi cu to nng chy.
Mc d chin lc c s dng y gi thit hn ch tc ng phi n hi i vi cc khu vc
c khp c cu to hp l ca kt cu phn di, nhng mt quan nim khc cng phi c
xem xt l s dng s di ng ca gi phn tn cc lc ng t. Trong trng hp c th p
dng chin lc khc th phi xt n trong thit k v cu to mi s phn tn cc chuyn dch
khi b tng cao v phi d kin n cc lc km theo chng cng nh s truyn ca cc lc .

14.6.5.3. Ch tiu thit k

Khi la chn v thit k cc gi chng ng t, phi xt n cc c trng cng v cng
ca c kt cu phn trn v phn di c lin quan.
Phi thit k gi ph hp vi p ng ng t d kin ca ton b h thng cu.
Nu p dng cc loi gi cng, phi gi thit cc lc ng t t kt cu phn trn c truyn qua
cc vch ngn hay khung ngang v cc lin kt ca chng vo gi, sau truyn xung kt cu
phn di m khng c trit gim do tc ng phi n hi cc b dc theo ng truyn ti
trng .
Cc gi cao su c cng t hn cng ton b theo cc hng b kim ch v nu khng c
thit k tng minh l gi lm lp cch ly hay gi nng chy th c th c s dng trong mi
hon cnh. Nu s dng chng, phi thit k ph hp vi cc ti trng ng t.
14.7. cc quy nh thit k ring bit v gi
14.7.1. Cc gi u a v con ln bng kim loi

14.7.1.1. Tng qut

Trc quay ca gi phi thng hng vi trc m xung quanh n xy ra cc s quay ln nht ca b phn
chu lc. Phi thc hin vic chun b y bo m gi thng hng khng thay i trong sut tui
th ca cu. Cc gi nhiu con ln phi c lin kt bng h thng bnh rng bo m cc con ln
ring l vn song song vi nhau v c ly ban u ca chng.
Cc gi u a v con ln phi c cu to chng c th d dng kim tra v bo dng.
Cn trnh dng cc gi u a khi thc t cho php v nu dng chng khi thit k v cu to phi xem
xt cc chuyn v v xu hng lt ca chng di tc ng ng t.

634

Tiu chun thit k cu

14.7.1.2. Vt liu
Cc gi u a v con ln phi lm bng thp khng g, theo ASTM A240M nh quy nh trong
iu 6.4.7, hoc bng thp kt cu theo AASHTO M169 (ASTM A108), M102 (ASTM A 668M) hoc
M270M (ASTM A 709M) cp 250, 345 hoc 395 W. Tnh cht vt liu ca cc loi thp ny phi ly
theo quy nhn trong Bng 6.4.1-1 v 6.4.2-1.

14.7.1.3. Cc yu cu v hnh hc
Cc kch thc ca gi phi c chn la c tnh n c cc ng sut tip xc v s chuyn ng ca
im tip xc do s ln.
Mi b mt tip xc cong ring phi c mt bn knh khng i. Cc gi vi hn mt b mt cong phi
i xng i vi ng ni cc tm ca hai b mt cong ca chng.
Nu cc cht trc hoc cc c cu bnh rng c s dng dn hng gi, th c tnh hnh hc ca
chng cn cho php s chuyn v t do ca gi.
Cc gi phi c thit k n nh. Nu gi c hai mt hnh tr ring, mi mt ln trn mt tm phng,
c th t c s n nh bng cch lm khong cch gia hai ng tip xc khng ln hn tng ca
cc bn knh ca hai mt hnh tr.

14.7.1.4. Cc ng sut tip xc

trng thi gii hn s dng, ti trng tip xc,Ps, phi tha mn:

i vi cc mt hnh tr:
Ps

8W D 1 D 2
(D 2 D 1 )

Fy2

E s

(14.7.1.4-1)

i vi cc mt hnh cu:
2

3
D 1 D 2 Fy
2
Ps 40
D 2 D1 E s

(14.7.1.4-2)

trong :
D1

ng knh ca b mt u a hoc con ln (mm), v

D2

ng knh ca mt i tip (mm). D2 phi ly nh sau:

dng nu cc cong c cng du, v

v hn nu mt i tip l phng.

FY

cng chy do ti thiu quy nh nh hn ca thp b mt tip xc (MPa)

Es

mun Young ca thp (MPa)

chiu rng ca gi (mm)

14.7.2. Cc mt trt PTFE

C th s dng cht PTFE cho cc mt trt ca gi cu c th chuyn v tnh tin v xoay. Tt
c cc mt PTFE khng phi l mt dn hng phi tho mn cc yu cu quy nh y. Cc mt
PTFE cong cng phi tho mn iu 14.7.3.

Tiu chun thit k cu

635

14.7.2.1. Mt PTFE
Mt PTFE phi c lm t cht nha PTFE tinh khit v nguyn cht tho mn cc yu cu ca
ASTM D1457 hay tiu chun Vit Nam tng ng. N phi c ch to thnh cc tm khng
lp, tm lp y, hay c dt thnh vi t cc si PTFE hay cc si khc.
Phi lm cc tm khng lp t nha PTFE nguyn cht. Cc tm lp y phi c lm bng nha
PTFE c trn u vi cc si thu tinh, si ccbon hay vt liu n tr v ho tnh khc. Hm
lng vt liu n khng c vt qu 15% i vi si thu tinh v 25% i vi si cc bon.
Tm PTFE c th lm cc lm lm c tc dng nh ch ng cht bi trn. Tm PTFE khng bi
trn cng c th lm cc lm lm. ng knh lm lm khng c vt qu 8 mm trn b mt
PTFE v chiu su lm lm khng c nh hn 2mm v khng ln hn mt na chiu dy tm
PTFE. Phi phn b u cc lm lm ny trn ton b b mt ca tm v phi ph trn 20% nhng
t hn 30% b mt tip xc. Khng c t cc lm lm giao vi cc mp cnh ca mt tip xc.
Cht bi trn phi l m Silicone tho mn tiu chun quc phng M MIL-S-8660 hay ASTM
tng ng.

Si dt PTFE phi c lm t cc si PTFE nguyn cht. Tm si t PTFE c ct gia cng phi

c lm bng cc si cng cao nh si thy tinh dt xen k vi si PTFE sao cho khng l
ra cc si gia cng trn mt trt ca tm dt hon thin.

14.7.2.2. Mt i tip
Phi s dng kt hp PTFE vi mt i tip. Cc mt i tip phng phi l thp khng g v cc mt
i tip cong phi lm bng thp khng g hoc nhm x l ant. Mt phng phi l thp khng g
loi 304, theo ASTM A167/ A264 hoc loi tng ng ca Vit Nam, v phi x l mt bng 0,20
m RMS hoc tt hn. bng trn b mt cong bng kim loi khng c qu 0,40 m RMS . Mt
i tip phi rng lun lun ph ln PTFE.

14.7.2.3. Chiu dy nh nht

14.7.2.3.1. PTFE

i vi tt c cc ng dng, chiu dy t nht caPTFE phi l 1,5 mm sau khi nn. PTFE tm lm phi
dy t nht 4,5 mm khi kch thc ln nht ca PTFE nh hn hay bng 600 mm, v 6,0 mm khi kch
thc ln nht ca PTFE l ln hn 600 mm. Vi dt PTFE, c gn cht bng c hc trn lp c s
bng kim loi, phi c chiu dy nh nht bng 1,50 mm v chiu dy ln nht bng 3,0 mm trn
im cao nht ca lp c s.
14.7.2.3.2. Cc mt i tip bng thp khng g

Chiu dy ca mt i tip bng thp khng g t nht phi l 1,5 mm khi kch thc ca mt nh hn
hoc bng 300 mm, v t nht l 3,0 mm khi kch thc ln nht ln hn 300 mm.
Cc yu cu bn m phi ly theo quy nh trong iu 14.7.2.6.2.

14.7.2.4. p lc tip xc
Phi xc nh ng sut gia PTFE v mt i tip trng thi gii hn cng i vi din tch
danh nh.

636

Tiu chun thit k cu

Phi tnh ng sut tip xc trung bnh bng cch chia ti trng cho hnh chiu ca din tch tip
xc ln trn mt phng vung gc vi hng tc dng ca ti trng. Phi xc nh ng sut tip
xc mp cnh bng cch xt n momen ti a do gi truyn vo vi gi thit s phn b ng
sut l tuyn tnh ln mt PTFE.

Cc ng sut khng c vt qu cc tr s cho trong Bng 1. Cc ng sut cho php i vi cc cht

n nm xen k gia phi c tnh theo cch ni suy tuyn tnh trong Bng 1.

Bng 14.7.2.4-1. ng sut tip xc ln nht i vi PTFE trng thi gii hn

cng (MPa)
ng sut tip xc
trung bnh
Vt liu

Ti trng
thng xuyn

Tt c cc
ti trng

PTFE khng b hn ch:

14

20

28

40

Cc tm khng lp kn
Cc tm lp kn vi hm
lng vt liu n ln
nht
PTFE tm b hn ch
Si PTFE dt trn lp
nn bng kim loi
PTFE dt tng cng
trn lp nn bng kim
loi

30

40

30

40

35

50

ng sut tip xc mp
Ti trng
thng xuyn

Tt c cc
ti trng

18

25

35

55

35

55

35

55

40

65

14.7.2.5. H s ma st
H s ma st trng thi gii hn s dng ca mt trt PTFE phi ly theo quy nh trong Bng 1.
Cc gi tr trung gian c th c xc nh bng ni suy. H s ma st phi c xc nh bng s dng
cp ng sut kt hp vi t hp ti trng c th p dng c quy nh trong Bng 3.4.1-1. Cc gi tr
nh hn c th c s dng nu c kim tra bng cc th nghim.
Khi ma st c k n chu ti trng khng phi ti trng ng t, h s ma st thit k di ti
trng ng c th ly khng qu 10% ca gi tr lit k trong Bng 1 cho ng sut ta v loi PTFE
ch nh.
Cc h s ma st trong Bng 1 da trn mt i tip c bng 0,20 m RMS. Cc h s ma st vi
cc mt gia cng th hn phi xc lp bng cc kt qu th nghim theo ng Tiu chun Thi cng
AASHTO, Phn 18.1.5.2.
Cc ti liu hp ng phi yu cu chng nhn th nghim t l sn xut PTFE bo m rng ma st
thc t t c trong gi l ph hp vi vic thit k gi.

637

Tiu chun thit k cu

Bng 14.7.2.5-1- Cc h s ma st thit k - Trng thi gii hn s dng

3,5

H s ma st
7
14

> 20

C lm lm c bi trn

0,04

0,03

0,025

0,02

Khng c lp kn hoc c lm lm
khng c bi trn

0,08

0,07

0,05

0,03

c lp kn

0,24

0,17

0,09

0,06

Vi dt

0,08

0,07

0,06

0,045

p sut (MPa)
Loi PTFE

14.7.2.6. S gn kt
14.7.2.6.1. Ptfe

PTFE tm b kim ch trong mt hc lm trong mt tm y bng kim loi cng, khong na chiu
dy ca n c th c gn kt vo hoc khng gn kt vo tm y.
PTFE tm khng b kim ch phi c gn kt vo mt kim loi hoc lp cht do vi cng Shore
A t nht l 90, bng mt phng php c chp nhn.
PTFE dt trn lp nn kim li phi c gn nh vo lp nn kim loi bng s gn cht c hc c th
chu c lc ct khng nh hn 0,10 ln lc nn t ln.
14.7.2.6.2 Mt i tip

Mt i tip i vi cc mt trt phng phi c gn dnh vo tm y bng hn, theo cch nh vy,
th n vn cn phng v tip xc hon ton vi tm y ca n trong sut i s dng ca n. Mi hn
phi c cu to to thnh mt mi hn kn chng m tt xung quanh ton b chu vi ca mt i
tip ngn nga s n mn ca b mt chung. S gn kt phi c kh nng chu lc ma st ln nht c
th do gi pht trin di cc t hp ti trng trng thi gii hn s dng. Cc mi hn s dng cho
vic gn kt phi lm sch khu vc tip xc v trt ca mt PTFE.
14.7.3. Gi c cc mt trt cong

14.7.3.1. Tng qut

Cc gi c cc mt trt cong phi bao gm hai b phn kim loi c cc b mt cong i tip v mt
mt tip xc c ma st trt thp. Mt cong c th l mt hnh tr trn hay hnh cu. Cc c tnh,
c trng c hc v c tnh ma st trt ca vt liu c quy nh trong cc iu 14.7.2 v 14.7.7.
C hai mt ca mt tip xc trt phi c cng bn knh danh nh.

14.7.3.2. Sc khng p mt
Bn knh ca mt cong phi rng m bo cho ng sut p mt trung bnh ti a SS trn mt
chiu nm ngang ca gi, trng thi gii hn cng , phi tho mn ng sut trung bnh c
quy nh trong iu 14.7.2.4 v 14.7.7.3.
Sc khng tnh ton phi c ly nh sau:

638

Tiu chun thit k cu

i vi cc gi hnh tr:
pr = DWSS

(14.7.3.2-1)

i vi cc gi hnh cu:

Pr =

D 2 SS
4

(14.7.3.2-2)

trong :
pr

sc khng nn tnh ton (N)

ng knh phn hnh chiu ca mt gi chu ti ln mt phng nm ngang (mm)

SS

ng sut tip xc trung bnh ln nht trng thi gii hn cng c php s
dng ca vt liu PTFE theo Bng 14.7.2.4-1 hoc ca vt liu ng thau theo
Bng 14.7.7.3-1 (MPa)

chiu di ca hnh tr (mm)

h s sc khng ly bng 1,0

14.7.3.3. Sc khng ti trng ngang

Trong trng hp yu cu gi chu ti trng ngang trng thi gii hn cng hay trng thi gii
hn c bit phi cu to mt h thng hn ch bn ngoi hoc:

i vi mt trt hnh tr, ti trng nm ngang phi tho mn:

Hu 2RWSS sin ( - - u ) sin

(14.7.3.3-1)

i vi mt hnh cu, ti trng ngang phi tho mn:

Hu R2 SS sin2 ( - - u ) sin

(14.7.3.3-2)

H
= tan 1 u
P
D

(14.7.3.3-3)

trong :

v:

L
= Sin 1

2R
trong :
Hu

ti trng nm ngang tnh ton (N)

chiu di chiu ca mt trt thng gc vi trc quay (mm)

PD

ti trng nn s dng do cc ti trng thng xuyn (N)

bn knh ca mt trt cong (mm)

chiu di ca mt trt hnh tr (mm)

gc gia ng thng ng v hp lc ca ti trng (RAD)

gc quay thit k trong trng thi gii hn cng (RAD)

639

Tiu chun thit k cu

SS

ng sut tip xc trung bnh ti a trong trng thi gii hn cng c p

dng cho vt liu PTFE theo Bng 14.7.2.4-1 hay cho ng thau theo Bng
14.7.7.3-1 (MPa)

gc phn gic i din ca mt cong (RAD)

14.7.4. Cc gi chu

14.7.4.1. Tng qut

ni m cc gi chu c cung cp vi tm trt PTFE m bo c chuyn v quay v nm ngang, cc
mt trt v cc h dn bt k phi c thit k ph hp vi cc quy nh ca cc iu 14.7.2 v 14.7.9.

Cc cu kin quay ca gi chu phi bao gm t nht mt chu, mt pt-tng, mt a cht do v cc

vng bt kn.
V mc ch thit lp cc lc v cc bin dng p t ln gi chu, trc quay phi ly nm trn mt
phng nm ngang na chiu cao ca a cht do.

14.7.4.2. Vt liu
a cht do phi c lm t mt hp cht cn c trn cao su thin nhin nguyn cht hoc neopren
nguyn cht ph hp AASHTO M251 (ASTM D4014). cng danh nh phi nm gia 50 v 60 trn
thang Shore A.

Chu v pittng phi c lm bng thp kt cu ph hp vi AASHTO M270M (ASTM A 709M), cc

cp 250, 345 hoc 345 W, hoc bng thp khng g ph hp vi ASTM A240M. bng ca cc mt
tip xc vi m cht do khng c nhn hn 1,5 m. Cng chy do v cng ca pittng
khng c vt qu cc ch s ca chu.
Cc vng bt kn bng ng thau tho mn cc iu 14.7.4.5.2 v 14.7.4.5.3 phi ph hp vi ASTM
B36M (na cng) i vi cc vng c mt ct ngang hnh ch nht, v Federal Specification QQB626,
Composition 2, i vi cc vng c mt ct ngang hnh trn.

14.7.4.3. Cc yu cu v hnh hc
Chiu cao ca a cht do, hr, phi tha mn:

hr 3,33D p u

(14.7.4.3.-1)

trong :
Dp

ng knh trong ca chu (mm)

quay thit k quy nh trong iu 14.4.2 (RAD)

Cc kch thc ca cc cu kin ca gi chu phi c tha mn cc yu cu sau y di s t hp t

thun li nht ca cc chuyn v v s quay tnh ton:

Chu phi cao cho php vng bt v vnh ca pittng vn trong s tip xc hon ton vi
mt thng ng ca vch chu.

S tip xc hoc s gn kt gia cc thnh phn kim loi khng ngn nga thm chuyn v hoc s quay.

640

Tiu chun thit k cu

14.7.4.4. a cht do
ng sut trung bnh trn cht do trng thi gii hn s dng khng c vt qa 25 MPa. quay
d dng, cc mt trn v di ca cht do phi c x l vi cht bi trn khng c hi cho cht do.
C th dng cc a PTFE mng t trn mt trn v mt di ca cht do.

14.7.4.5. Cc vng bt
14.7.4.5.1. Tng qut

Phi s dng vng bt gia chu v pittng. trng thi gii hn s dng, cc vng bt phi thch hp
ngn nga s bt ra ca cht do di ti trng nn v tc ng ng thi ca cc s quay theo chu
k. trng thi gii hn cng , cc vng bt cng phi thch hp ngn nga s bt ra ca cht
do di ti trng nn v tc ng ng thi ca s quay tnh.
Cc vng ng thau tha mn cc yu cu ca iu 14.7.4.5.2 hoc iu 14.7.4.5.3 c th c s
dng m khng c th nghim tha mn cc yu cu trn. Ngi k s c th chp nhn cc h
thng bt kn khc trn c s c chng minh bng th nghim.
14.7.4.5.2. Cc vng c cc mt ct ngang hnh ch nht

Phi s dng ba vng hnh ch nht. Mi vng phi l trn trong mt phng, nhng phi b ct mt
im trn chu vi ca n. Cc mt ca ch ct phi trn mt mt phng to thnh 45o vi ng thng
ng v vi tip tuyn ca chu vi. Cc vng phi c nh v cc ch ct trn mi vng trong ba
vng cch u theo chu vi ca chu.
Chiu rng ca mi vng phi khng nh hn 0,02 Dp hoc 6,0 mm, v phi khng vt qa 19 mm.
Chiu cao ca mi vng khng c nh hn 0,2 ln chiu rng ca n.
14.7.4.5.3. Cc vng c cc mt ct ngang hnh trn
Phi s dng mt vng kn hnh trn vi ng knh ngoi Dp. N phi c mt ng knh ca mt ct

ngang khng nh hn 0,0175 Dp hoc 8 mm.

14.7.4.6. Chu gi
Chu gi phi bao gm t nht mt vch v y. Tt c cc cu kin ca chu phi c thit k thc
hin vai tr ca mt n v kt cu n.
Chiu dy ti thiu ca bn di gi ta trc tip ln btng hay va phi tho mn:

tbase 0,06 Dp
tbase 19 mm

(14.7.4.6-1)
(14.7.4.6-2)

Chiu dy ca bn di gi ta trc tip ln dm thp hoc bn phn b ti trng phi tho mn:

tbase 0.04 Dp v

tbase 12,5 mm

(14.7.4.6-3)
(14.7.4.6-4)

641

Tiu chun thit k cu

Thay cho vic phn tch chnh xc hn, sc khng p ta tnh ton ca mt vch ca gi hnh chu di
ng trt khng c dn hng c th ly theo:
Pr = 2 Fy tw hp

(14.7.4.6-5)

tw 20 mm

(14.7.4.6-6)

trong :

y:
Pr

= sc khng tnh ton ca vch chu (N)

tw

= chiu dy vch chu (mm)

Fy

= cng chy do ca thp (MPa)

hp

= chiu cao ca chu (mm)

= h s sc khng ly bng 0,90.

Chiu dy ca vch ca cc chu c dn hng hoc c nh phi c xc nh i vi cng p

dng c v cc t hp ti trng c bit quy nh trong Bng 3.4.1-1 bng cch dng mt phn tch
hp l.

14.7.4.7. Pittng
Pittng phi c cng dng mt nh bn trong ca chu. Chiu dy ca n phi thch hp chu cc ti
trng t ln n, nhng khng c nh hn 6,0% ca ng knh trong ca chu, Dp, tr vnh.
Chu vi ca pittng phi c mt vnh tip xc qua cc ti trng nm ngang c th c truyn ti.
Trong cc chu hnh trn, b mt ca n c th l hoc hnh tr hoc hnh cu. Thn ca pittng trn
vnh phi c lm git vo hoc vut thon ngn nga b kt. Chiu cao, w, ca vnh pittng phi
ln truyn cc lc nm ngang tnh ton gia chu v pittng.
Cc gi chu chu cc ti trng ngang phi c tnh ton sao cho tho mn:

tw

40H S S
Fy

(14.7..4.7-1)

Cc gi chu truyn ti trng thng qua pittng phi tho mn:

2,5H S
D p Fy

w 3,2 mm
trong :
HS

ti trng s dng nm ngang tc dng ln gi (N)

gc quay s dng ti a do tng ti trng (RAD)

Fy

cng chy do ca thp (MPa)

(14.7.4.7-2)

(14.7.4.7-3)

642

Tiu chun thit k cu

Dp

ng knh trong ca chu gi (mm)

chiu cao ca vnh pittng (mm)

tW

chiu dy ca vch chu (mm).

ng knh ca vnh pittng phi l ng knh trong ca chu tr i mt khong cch tnh, c. Khong
cch tnh, c, phi cng nh cng tt ngn nga s bt ra ca cht do, nhng khng nh hn 0,5 mm.
Nu b mt ca vnh pittng l hnh tr, khong cch tnh phi tha mn:

c u w

D p u

(14.7.4.7-4)

trong :
Dp

ng knh trong ca chu (mm)

chiu cao ca vnh pittng (mm)

gc quay thit k quy nh trong iu 14.4.2 (RAD)

14.7.5. Gi cht do c tng cng thp - Phng php B

14.7.5.1. Tng qut

C th thit k cc gi cht do c tng cng thp bng cch dng mt trong hai phng php thng
oc gi l Phng php A v Phng php B. Trng hp p dng cc quy nh trong iu ny, cu
kin phi tho mn cc yu cu ca Phng php B. Trng hp p dng cc quy nh ca iu 14.7.6
th cu kin phi p ng cc yu cu ca Phng php A.
Cc gi cht do c tng cng thp phi bao gm cc lp ct thp v cht do xen k, dnh kt vi
nhau. Thm vo bt k ct thp bn trong no, cc gi c th c cc tm thp chu lc bn ngoi c
lin kt vo hoc lp cht do trn hoc di, hoc c lin kt vo c hai lp cht do.
Khng c s dng cc lp cht do vt mng. Tt c cc lp bn trong ca cht do phi cng mt
chiu dy. Cc lp ph trn v di khng c dy hn 70% ca cc lp bn trong.
H s hnh dng ca mt lp gi cht do, Si, phi ly bng din tch mt bng ca lp chia cho din
tch ca chu vi t do phng ra. i vi cc gi hnh ch nht khng c l,h s hnh dng ca mt lp
c th ly nh sau:
Si =

LW
2h ri (L W)

(14.7.5.1-1)

trong :
L

chiu di ca gi cht do hnh ch nht (song song vi trc dc ca cu) (mm)

chiu rng ca gi theo phng ngang(mm)

hri

chiu dy ca lp cht do th i trong gi cht do (mm)

i vi cc gi hnh trn khng c l, h s hnh dng ca mt lp c th ly nh sau:

Si =

D
4h ri

(14.7.5.1-2)

643

Tiu chun thit k cu

trong :
D

ng knh ca hnh chiu ca b mt c t ti ca gi trong mt phng nm

ngang - (mm).

14.7.5.2. Cc tnh cht vt liu

Cht do phi c mun n hi trt t 0,60 n 1,2 MPa v cng danh nh t 50 n 60 trn
thang Shore A, v phi tun theo cc yu cu ca Phn 818 ca Tiu chun Thi cng.
Mun ct ca cht do 23oC phi c dng lm c s cho thit k. Nu cht do c quy nh r
rng bng mun ct ca n, th gi tr phi c s dng trong thit k v cc c tnh khc phi
c ly t Bng 1. Nu vt liu c quy nh bng cng ca n, mun ct phi ly theo gi tr
thch hp nh nht t phm vi v cng c cho trong Bng 1. Cc gi tr trung gian c th c
c bng ni suy.

Bng 14.7.5.2-1 - Mun ct, G

cng (Shore A)

M un ct @ 23 C

50

60

70

0,66 - 0,90

0,90 - 1,38

1,38 - 2,07

0,25

0,35

0,45

un do t bin @ 25 nm chia
cho un tc thi

14.7.5.3. Cc yu cu thit k
14.7.5.3.1. Phm vi

Cc gi thit k theo cc quy nh y phi c kim tra theo cc yu cu i vi cc gi cht do

c tng cng thp theo quy nh trong Phn 818 ca Tiu chun Thi cng.
14.7.5.3.2. ng sut nn

Trong bt k lp gi cht do no, ng sut nn trung bnh trng thi gii hn s dng phi tha mn:

i vi gi chu bin dng ct:

s 1,66 GS 11,0 MPa

(14.7.5.3.2-1)

L 0,66 GS

(14.7.5.3.2-2)

i vi cc gi c c nh chng li bin dng ct:

s 2,00 GS 12,0 MPa

(14.7.5.3.2-3)

L 1,00 GS

(14.7.5.3.2-4)

644

Tiu chun thit k cu

trong :

ng sut nn trung bnh do tng ti trng (MPa)

ng sut nn trung bnh do hot ti (MPa)

m un ct ca cht do (MPa)

h s hnh dng ca lp dy nht ca gi.

14.7.5.3.3. ln do nn

Cc ln ca gi cht do do tng ti trng v ring hot ti phi c xem xt ring bit.

ln tc thi phi ly nh sau:
= i hri

(14.7.5.3.3-1)

trong :
i

ng bin nn tc thi trong lp cht do th i ca gi cn mng

hri

chiu dy ca lp cht do th i trong gi cn mng (mm)

Cc gi tr ca i phi c xc nh t cc kt qa th nghim hoc bng phn tch khi xem xt cc

ln lu di. Cc tc ng ca t bin ca cht do phi c cng vo un tc thi. Cc tc ng t
bin cn c xc nh t cc thng tin lin quan n hp cht cht do s dng. Trong tnh trng thiu
cc s liu c trng vt liu, c th s dng cc gi tr cho trong iu 14.7.5.2.
14.7.5.3.4. Bin dng ct
Chuyn v ngang ca kt cu phn trn cu, o, phi c ly bng chuyn v ln nht gy ra bi t
bin, co ngt, ko sau kt hp vi cc hiu ng nhit tnh theo quy nh ca iu 3.12.2.
Bin dng ct ln nht ca gi trong trng thi gii hn s dng, S, phi c ly bng o c
iu chnh xt n cng ca kt cu phn di v phng php thi cng. Nu mt trt ma
st thp c trang b th khng cn ly S c gi tr ln hn bin dng tng ng on trt
u tin.

Gi phi tha mn:

hrt 2s

(14.7.5.3.4-1)

trong :
hrt

Tng chiu dy cht do (mm)

bin dng ct ln nht ca cht do trng thi gii hn s dng (mm)

14.7.5.3.5. Nn v quay kt hp

Cc quy nh ca Phn ny phi p dng trng thi gii hn s dng. Cc s quay phi c ly theo
tng ln nht ca cc tc ng ca s thiu song song ban u v s quay u dm theo sau do cc ti
trng v cc chuyn ng t ln.
Cc gi phi c thit k khng xy ra s nh ln di bt k t hp ti trng v cc s quay tng
ng no.

645

Tiu chun thit k cu

Cc gi hnh ch nht, tha mn cc yu cu khng b nh ln, c th c dng nu nh chng

tha mn:

S > 1,0 G S S
n

h ri

(14.7.5.3.5-1)

Cc gi ch nht chu bin dng ct cng phi tha mn:

B
S < 1,875 G S 1 0,20 s

n h ri

(14.7.5.3.5-2)

(14.7.5.3.5-3)

Cc gi ch nht c nh i vi bin dng ct cng phi tha mn:

S < 2,25 G S 1 0,167 s

h ri

trong :
n

s lng cc lp bn trong ca cht do

hri

chiu cao ca lp cht do th i (mm)

ng sut trong cht do (MPa)

chiu di ca tm gi nu quay xung quanh trc ngang ca n, hoc chiu

rng ca tm gi nu quay xung quanh trc dc ca n (mm)

quay xung quanh bt k trc no ca tm gi (RAD)

Cc gi trn c th dng tha mn cc yu cu khng b nh ln nu chng tha mn:

S > 0,75 G S S
n

D

h ri

(14.7.5.3.5-4)

Cc gi trn chu bin dng ct cng phi tho mn :

2

S D

S < 2,5G S 1 - 0,15

n h ri

(14.7.5.3.5-5)

Cc gi trn c nh i vi bin dng ct cng phi tho mn :

D
S < 3,0 G S 1 - 0,167 S

n h ri

(14.7.5.3.5-6)

trong :
S

quay ln nht xung quanh bt k trc no (RAD)

ng knh ca tm gi (mm)

14.7.5.3.6. n nh ca cc gi cht do

Cc gi phi c nghin cu v mt n nh cc t hp ti trng ca trng thi gii hn s dng quy

nh trong Bng 3.4.1-1.

646

Tiu chun thit k cu

Cc gi tha mn Phng trnh 1 phi c xem l n nh, v khng cn nghin cu thm v

n nh.
2A B

(14.7.5.3.6-1)

h rt
L
A=
2,0L
S 1+
W

(14.7.5.3.6-2)

vi:
1,92

B=

2,67
L

S (S + 2,0 ) 1 +

4,0W

(14.7.5.3.6-3)

trong :
G

mun ct ca cht do (MPa)

chiu di ca gi cht do ch nht (song song vi trc dc cu ) (mm)

chiu rng ca gi trong phng ngang (mm)

trong :
i vi gi hnh ch nht ni m L ln hn W, phi nghin cu s n nh bng i ch L v W trong
cc Phng trnh 2 v 3.
i vi cc gi trn, c th nghin cu s n nh bng s dng cc phng trnh cho gi vung vi
W = L = 0,8D.
i vi cc gi ch nht, ng sut nn s dng trung bnh do tng ti trng s phi c tho mn:

Nu mt cu c t do tnh tin ngang :

G
2A B

Nu mt cu c c nh chng li tnh tin ngang

G
AB

14.7.5.3.7.Ct tng cng

Chiu dy ca ct thp tng cng, hs, phi tha mn:

(14.7.5.3.6-4)

trng thi gii hn s dng;

(14.7.5.3.6-5)

647

Tiu chun thit k cu

hS

3h max s
Fy

< 1,6 mm

(14.7.5.3.7-1)

trng thi gii hn mi:

hS

2.0h max L
< 1,6 mm
FTH

(14.7.5.3.7-2)

trong :
FTH

ngng mi bin khng i ch cho Loi A theo quy nh trong iu 6.6 (MPa)

hmax

chiu dy ca lp cht do dy nht trong gi cht do (mm)

ng sut nn trung bnh s dng do hot ti (MPa)

ng sut nn trung bnh s dng do tng ti trng (MPa)

Fy

cng chy do ca ct thp (MPa)

Nu c cc l trong ct tng cng, chiu dy nh nht phi c ly tng ln mt h s bng hai ln

tng chiu rng chia cho chiu rng thc.
14.7.5.3.8. Cc quy nh v cu to chng ng t

Cc gi di ng bng cao su phi c cu to neo chng ng t thch ng nhm chng li cc

lc ngang vt qu sc chu ct ca gi chu. Tm v tm m gi phi c lm rng hn b tr
cc bu lng neo. Khng c cho cc linh kin xuyn qua cao su, tr phi c k s ng . Phi thit
k bu lng neo chu c hiu ng t hp un v ct do ti trng ng t theo quy nh ca iu
14.6.5.3. Phi trang b cho cc gi c nh cao su cc cu to kim ch ngang thch ng chng li ton
b ti trng nm ngang.
14.7.6. Cc tm gi cht do v cc gi cht do c tng cng thp Phng php A

14.7.6.1. Tng qut

Cc quy nh ca iu ny p dng cho thit k :

Cc tm gi cht do n gin, PEP,

Cc tm gi c tng cng bng cc lp si thy tinh ring bit, FGP , v

Cc tm gi c tng cng bng cc lp vi bng dy t gn nhau, CDP, v cc gi cht do

tng cng thp.

Cc chiu dy ca lp trong tm FGP c th khc nhau gia tm ny vi tm kia. i vi cc gi cht

do tng cng thp thit k theo quy nh ca Phn ny, cc lp trong phi c cng b dy, v cc lp
ph ngoi phi dng khng qu 70% chiu dy ca cc lp trong.
H s hnh dng i vi cc tm gi cht do v gi cht do c tng cng trong iu ny c xc
nh theo quy nh trong iu 14.7.5.1.

648

Tiu chun thit k cu

14.7.6.2. Cc tnh cht vt liu

Cc vt liu phi tha mn yu cu ca iu 14.7.5.2, tr mun ct phi t 0,60 n 1,70 MPa v
cng danh nh phi t 50 n 70 trn thang Shore A, v phi tun theo cc yu cu ca Phn 818 ca
Tiu chun Thi cng. iu ngoi tr ny khng p dng cho cc gi cht do tng cng thp thit k
theo quy nh ca phn ny.

Lc ct trn kt cu gy ra bi s bin dng ca cht do phi c cn c trn gi tr G, khng nh

hn gi tr ca cht do 23oC. Phi b qua cc tc ng ca s t chng.

14.7.6.3. Cc yu cu thit k
14.7.6.3.1. Phm vi

Cc gi cht do c tng cng thp c th c thit k theo iu ny, trong trng hp chng
tiu chun v cc yu cu th nghim ph hp vi cc tm gi cht do.
Cc quy nh cho FGP ch p dng cho cc tm gi ni m si thy tinh c t thnh cc lp i
cch nhau 3,0 mm.
Cc c tnh vt l ca neopren v cao su thin nhin c s dng trong cc gi ny phi tun theo cc
yu cu sau y ca ASTM hoc AASHTO vi cc sa i nh c lu :
ASTM

AASHTO

Hp cht

Yu cu

Yu cu

Neorpen

D4014

AASHTO M251

Cao su thin nhin

D4014

AASHTO M251

Cc sa i:

cng Durometer phi l 5010 im, v

Cc mu cho cc th nghim tp hp nn phi c chun b bng s dng khun rp Loi 2.

14.7.6.3.2. ng sut nn
trng thi gii hn s dng, ng sut nn trung bnh, s, trong bt k lp no phi tha mn:

i vi PEP:
S 0,55GS 5,5 MPa

(14.7.6.3.2-1)

S 1,00GS 5,5 MPa

(14.7.6.3.2-2)

S 10,5 MPa

(14.7.6.3.2-3)

i vi FGP:

i vi CDP:

i vi FGP, tr s S s dng phi l cho khong cch ln nht gia im gia ca cc lp i ct

tng cng nh v y ca lp cht do
i vi cc gi cao su c ct thp theo quy nh ca iu ny:
S 7MPa v S 1,0 GS

(14.7.6.3.2-4)

649

Tiu chun thit k cu

trong gi tr s phi ly bng chiu dy ca lp dy nht ca gi.

C th tng cc gii hn ng sut ny ln 10% khi ngn nga c bin dng ct.
14.7.6.3.3. ln do nn

Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 14.7.5.3.3

14.7.6.3.4. Ct

Chuyn v nm ngang ca cu phi c tnh ton theo iu 14.4. Bin dng ct ln nht ca tm gi,
S, phi ly theo chuyn v nm ngang ca cu, c gim bt do xt ti mm do ca tr v c
sa i theo cc phng php thi cng. Nu mt mt trt ma st thp c s dng, S khng cn ly
ln hn bin dng tng ng vi ln trt th nht.
Phi p dng cc quy nh ca iu 14.7.5.3.4, tr tm gi phi c thit k nh sau:

i vi PEP, FGP v cc gi cht do c tng cng thp:

hrt 2 S

(14.7.6.3.4-1)

i vi CDP :
hrt 10 S

(14.7.6.3.4-2)

14.7.6.3.5. S quay

Cc quy nh ca iu ny phi p dng trng thi gii hn s dng. Chuyn v quay phi c ly
theo tng s ln nht ca cc tc dng ca s thiu song song ban u v sau s quay ca u dm
do cc ti trng v cc chuyn ng t ln.

Cc tm gi ch nht phi tha mn:

L
S 0,5GS
h rt

s, x

(14.7.6.3.5-1)

W
s, z
S 0,5GS
h rt

(14.7.6.3.5-2)

Cc tm gi trn phi tha mn:

D
S 0,375GS
h rt

trong :
S

ng sut nn trung bnh s dng do tng ti trng (MPa)

mun ct ca cht do (MPa)

h s hnh dng ca lp dy nht ca gi cht do

chiu di ca gi cht do ch nht (song song vi trc dc cu ) (mm)

(14.7.6.3.5-3)

Tiu chun thit k cu

hrt

tng chiu dy cht do trong gi elas-tome (mm)

chiu rng ca gi trong phng ngang (mm)

ng knh ca tm gi (mm)

quay xung quanh bt k trc no ca tm gi (RAD)

s,x

quay s dng do tng ti trng xung quanh trc ngang (RAD)

s.z

quay s dng do tng ti trng xung quanh trc dc (RAD).

650

14.7.6.3.6. n nh

bo m n nh, tng chiu dy ca tm gi phi khng vt qa tr s nh nht ca L/3, W/3,

hoc D/4.
14.7.6.3.7. Ct tng cng

Ct tng cng trong FGP phi l si thy tinh vi cng trong mi phng mt phng t nht l
15,2 hri tnh bng N/mm. V mc ch ca iu ny, nu cc lp ca cht do c chiu dy khc nhau,
hri phi ly theo chiu dy trung bnh ca hai lp cht do dnh kt vo cng ct tng cng. Nu ct
si thy tinh c cc l, cng ca n phi c tng ln trn gi tr nh nht quy nh y tc hai
ln chiu rng ton b chia cho chiu rng thc.
Ct tng cng cho gi cht do tng cng bng thp thit k theo nhng quy nh ca iu ny phi
ph hp vi nhng yu cu ca iu 14.7.5.3.7.

14.7.6.4. S neo kt
Nu lc ct tnh ton do tm gi bin dng chu trng thi gii hn cng vt qa mt phn
nm ca lc nn Psd do cc ti trng thng xuyn th tm gi phi c m bo chng li chuyn v
nm ngang.
14.7.7. Cc b mt trt bng hp kim ng hoc ng thic

14.7.7.1. Vt liu
Hp kim ng hoc ng thic c th s dng cho:

Cc mt trt phng thch ng vi cc chuyn v tnh tin,

Cc mt trt cong thch ng vi s tnh tin v s quay hn ch, v

Cc cht hoc cc xilanh cho cc bc lt trc ca cc gi u a hoc cc gi khc c cc quay ln.

Cc mt trt bng ng hoc cc sn phm c phi tun theo AASHTO M107 (ASTM B22) v
phi lm bng Hp kim C90500, C91100 hoc C86300, tr phi c quy nh khc. B mt i tip
phi l thp kt cu c tr s cng Brinell t nht 100 im ln hn tr s ca ng thic.

Cc gi di ng trt bng hp kim ng v ng thic phi c nh gi v kh nng chu ct v

n nh di ti trng ngang.
Mt i tip phi c lm bng thp v gia cng bng my ph hp vi hnh hc ca b mt ng
thic nhm to iu kin cho ta v tip xc ng u.

651

Tiu chun thit k cu

14.7.7.2. H s ma st
h s ma st c th c xc nh bng thc nghim. Thay th vo cc th nghim nh th, h s ma
st thit k c th ly bng 0,1 cho cc thnh phn ng t bi trn v 0,4 cho cc loi khc.

14.7.7.3. Ggii hn v ti trng

ng sut ta danh nh do t hp tnh v hot ti trng thi gii hn cng khng c vt
qa cc tr s cho trong Bng 1.

Bng 14.7.7.3-1- ng sut ta trng thi gii hn cng

Hp kim ng thic

ng sut ta (MPa)

AASHTIO M107
(ASTM B22)

C90500 - Loi 1

21

C91100 - Loi 2

21

C86300 - Loi 3

83

14.7.7.4. Cc khe h v mt ni tip

Mt ni tip phi lm bng thp v gia cng chnh xc bng my ph hp vi hnh hc ca b mt
ng thic v to iu kin cho ta v tip xc ng u.
14.7.8. Cc gi a

14.7.8.1. Tng qut

Cc kch thc ca cc cu kin ca gi a phi l loi tip xc cng gia cc thnh phn kim loi m

s tip xc ny ngn nga s chuyn v hoc s quay hn na v s khng xy ra di t hp t thun

li nht ca cc chuyn v v cc quay thit k trng thi gii hn cng .
Gi a phi c thit k cho quay thit k, u , quy nh trong iu 14.4.2.
V mc ch xc nh cc lc v cc bin dng t ln gi a, trc quay c th ly nh l nm trong
mt phng nm ngang gia chiu cao ca a. a urethan phi c gi v tr bng mt thit b
nh v chc chn.
Cc vng gii hn c th c s dng gi mt phn tm cht do chng li s gin n ngang.
Chng c th gm cc vng thp c hn vo cc tm trn cng v di cng, hoc mt hc lm
trn trong mi tm .
Nu vng gii hn c s dng, n cn cao t nht l 0,03 Dd .

14.7.8.2. Vt liu
a cht do phi c lm t mt hp cht gc urethan polyete, ch s dng vt liu nguyn khai.
cng phi t 45 n 65 trn thang Shore D.

Tiu chun thit k cu

652

Cc b phn kim loi ca gi phi lm bng thp kt cu ph hp vi AASHTO M270M hoc M183
(ASTM A709M) cp 250, 345 hay 345W hoc bng thp khng g ph hp vi ASTM A240M)

14.7.8.3. a cht do
a cht do phi oc gi v tr bng mt thit b nh v chc chn.
trng thi gii hn s dng, a phi c thit k :

ln tc thi ca n di tng ti trng khng vt qa 10% ca chiu dy ca a khng chu

ng sut, v ln tng thm do t bin khng vt qa 8% chiu dy ca a khng chu ng sut;

Cc thnh phn ca gi khng nng ln khi nhau bt k v tr no,

ng sut nn trung bnh trn a khng vt qa 35 MPa. Nu b mt bn ngoi ca a khng

thng ng, ng sut phi c tnh bng cch s dng din tch mt bng nh nht ca a.
Nu mt trt PTFE c s dng, cc ng sut trn mt trt PTFE khng c vt qa 75% ca cc
gi tr cho cc ng sut trung bnh v mp c cho trong iu 14.7.2.4 i vi trng thi gii hn
cng . nh hng ca cc mmen do a urethan gy ra phi c a vo trong s phn tch ng
sut.

14.7.8.4. C cu chu ct
Trong cc gi c nh v c dn hng, phi cung cp mt c cu chu ct truyn cc lc nm ngang
gia cc tm thp bn trn v bn di. N phi kh nng chu lc nm ngang trong bt k phng
no bng lc ln hn lc ct thit k hoc 10% ca ti trng thng ng thit k.
Khong cch tnh nm ngang thit k gia cc thnh phn bn trn v bn di ca c cu chng ct
khng c vt qa gi tr cho cc thanh dn c cho trong iu 14.7.9.

14.7.8.5. Cc tm thp
Phi p dng cc quy nh ca cc Phn 3, 4 v 6 ca Tiu chun ny mt cch thch hp c.
Chiu dy ca mi tm ca cc tm thp bn trn v bn di khng c nh hn 0,045Dd nu l
tip xc trc tip vi dm thp hoc tm phn b, hoc 0.06 Dd nu n t trc tip trn va hoc
b tng.
14.7.9. Cc chi tit dn hng v kim ch

14.7.9.1. Tng qut

Cc chi tit dn hng c th c s dng ngn nga chuyn v theo mt phng. Cc chi tit kim
ch c th c s dng cho php ch chuyn v gii hn trong mt hoc nhiu phng hn. Cc chi
tit dn hng v kim ch phi c vt liu ma st thp cc mt tip xc trt ca chng.

Tiu chun thit k cu

653

14.7.9.2. Cc ti trng thit k

Cc chi tit dn hng hoc kim ch phi c thit k bng s dng cc t hp ti trng trng thi
gii hn cng quy nh trong Bng 3.4.1-1 cho tr s ln hn ca hoc:

Lc thit k nm ngang tnh ton, hoc

10% ca lc thng ng tnh ton tc ng ln tt c cc gi ti ch b un cong

chia cho s lng cc gi c dn hng ti ch b un cong.

Cc chi tit dn hng v kim ch phi c thit k cho cc lc ng t hoc va chm c th p

dng c bng s dng t hp ti trng trng thi gii hn c bit ca Bng 3.4.1-1.

14.7.9.3. Vt liu
i vi cc gi thp, chi tit dn hng hoc kim ch phi c lm t thp ph hp vi AASHTO

M270M (ASTM A709 M ) cp 250, 345 hoc 345W, hoc thp khng g ph hp vi ASTM A240M.
i vi cc gi bng nhm, chi tit dn hng cng c th bng nhm.
Vt liu b mt tip xc ma st thp phi c k s chp nhn.

14.7.9.4. Cc yu cu v hnh hc
Cc chi tit dn hng phi song song vi nhau, di thch ng vi ton b chuyn v thit k ca

gi trong phng trt, v phi cho php trt t do nh nht l 0,8 mm v ln nht l 1,6 mm trong
phng b kim ch. Cc chi tit dn hng phi c thit k trnh b kt di mi ti trng thit k,
cc chuyn v k c quay.

14.7.9.5. Cn c thit k
14.7.9.5.1. V tr ti trng
Phi gi thit lc nm ngang tc dng vo thit b dn hng hay thit b kim ch tc dng
trng tm ca vt liu mt i tip bng vt liu ma st thp. Khi thit k lin kt ni gia thit b
dn hng hay thit b kim ch vi thn ca h thng gi, phi xt n c lc ct v mmen lt.
Thit k v cu to chi tit ca cc b phn gi chng li ti trng ngang bao gm c ti trng
ng t, c xc nh theo iu 14.6.3.1 phi m bo cng v do thch hp. Cc thanh
dn hng v cc vng chn hay ai c ti cc u cu cht v cc thit b tng t phi c thit
k hoc chng li cc ti trng tc dng ln n hoc phi m bo mt ng truyn ti trng
c th lm vic trc khi vt qu chuyn v tng i ca kt cu phn di v kt cu phn trn.
14.7.9.5.2. ng sut tip xc
ng sut tip xc tc dng ln vt liu ma st thp khng c vt qu tr s c nh sn xut
khuyn ngh. i vi vt liu PTFE cc ng sut trng thi gii hn cng khng c vt
qu cc gi tr quy nh trong Bng 14.7.2.4-1 diti trng phi chu hoc 1,25 ln cc ng sut
di tc dng ca ti trng ngn hn.

Tiu chun thit k cu

654

14.7.9.6. S gn kt ca vt liu ma st thp

Vt liu ma st thp phi c gn bng t nht hai phng php bt k trong s ba phng php sau
y;

Kp cht c hc

Gn dnh cht

Kha lin ng c hc vi lp nn kim loi.

14.7.10. Cc h gi khc

Cc h gi lm t cc thnh phn khng c quy nh trong cc iu t 14.7.1 sut n 14.7.9 cng

c th c s dng, ty thuc vo s chp thun ca K s. Cc gi nh th phi thch hp chu cc
lc v cc bin dng t ln chng cc trng thi gii hn s dng, cng v c bit m khng c
s c v vt liu v khng gy ra cc bin dng bt li cho s hot ng ng n ca chng.
Cc kch thc ca gi phi c la chn cung cp cc chuyn ng thch hp mi lc. Cc vt
liu phi c cng , cng, v sc khng t bin v s phong ha bo m s hot ng ng
n ca gi sut tui th thit k ca cu.
K s phi xc nh cc th nghim m gi phi tha mn. Cc th nghim phi c thit k chng
minh bt k nhc im no c kh nng trong h di ring ti trng nn, ct hoc quay hoc cc t
hp ca chng. Phi yu cu th nghim di ti trng ko di v theo chu k.
14.8. Cc tm ti trng v s neo c cc gi
14.8.1. Cc tm phn b ti trng

Gi, cng vi bt k cc tm ph thm no, phi c thit k :

H t hp l cng ngn nga cc s cong vnh ca gi c th lm xu i s hot ng ng

n ca gi,

Cc ng sut t ln kt cu tha mn cc gii hn quy nh trong cc Phn 5, hoc 6, v

Gi c th c thay th trong phm vi cc gii hn ca chiu cao kch do K s quy nh m

khng gy h hi gi, cc tm phn b hoc kt cu . Nu khng cho gii hn no th phi s
dng chiu cao 9,5 mm.

Sc khng ca cc thnh phn thp phi c tun theo Phn 6.

Thay th cho phng php phn tch chnh xc hn, ti trng t gi do lp va nn chu hon ton, c
th gi nh l phn b theo dc nm ngang so vi thng ng l 1,5 : 1, t mp ca cu kin nh
nht ca gi chu ti trng nn.
Phi s dng v thit k cc b phn tng cng gi cho cc dm thp theo quy nh ca Phn 6.

Phi m bo cc lin kt dng cho tm gi v tm m gi c kh nng chng li cc ti trng

ngang, bao gm cc ti trng ng t c xc nh theo quy nh ca iu 14.6.5.3. Cc tm gi
phi c m rng b tr cc bu lng neo khi cn thit.

Tiu chun thit k cu

655

14.8.2. Cc tm vt

Dii y ti trng thng xuyn tiu chun nhit trung bnh hng nm ti hin trng cu,
nu nghing ca mt di ca dm i vi mt nm ngang vt qa 0,01 RAD, th phi dng mt
tm vt to mt mt ngang bng.
14.8.3. Neo v bu lng neo

14.8.3.1. Tng qut

Phi m bo tt c cc tm phn b ti trng v cc gi c tm thp bn ngoi, c gi chc
chn vo b bng lin kt bu lng hay hn.
Phi m bo tt c cc dm c gi chc chn vo gi bng h thng lin kt c th chng li
cc lc nm ngang tc dng ln chng. Khng c php tch cc b phn gi vi nhau. Cc lin
kt phi chu c t hp ti trng bt li nht trng thi gii hn cng v phi b tr cc
lin kt vo cc v tr cn thit ngn nga s tch ri gia cc b phn.
Phi neo cc gin, dm v dm thp cn mt cch an ton vo kt cu phn di. Nu c th c,
cn chn cc bu lng neo vo b tng ca kt cu phn di, nu khng nh vy, c th chn va
ti ch vo cc bu lng neo. Cc bu lng neo c th c lm mc ch hay ren m bo gn
chc vo vt liu dng chn chng vo trong cc l.
Sc khng tnh ton ca bu lng neo phi ln hn hiu ng lc tnh ton do t hp ti trng cng
I v do tt c cc t hp ti trng c bit ph hp.

Phi xc nh sc khng ko ca bu lng neo theo quy nh ca iu 6.13.2.10.2.

Phi xc nh sc khng ct ca cc bu lng neo v cc inh cht theo quy nh ca iu 6.13.2.7.
Phi xc nh sc khng ca cc bu lng neo va chu ko v ct nh quy nh trong iu 6.13.2.11.
Phi ly sc khng p ta ca b tng theo quy nh ca iu 5.7.5. Xc nh h s iu chnh m
phi cn c vo s phn b khng u ca ng sut ta.

14.8.3.2. Cc yu cu v cu to chi tit v thit k ng t

Phi thit k bu lng neo c dng chng ti trng ng t trong trng thi lm vic do. Cn b
tr ct thp xung quanh cc bu lng neo truyn cc lc nm ngang v neo chng vo khi kt
cu phn di. Phi nhn dng r cc b mt c th c th nt n ca b tng lin k h thng neo gi
v phi tnh ton kh nng chu ma st ct ca chng.
14.9. bo v chng n mn

Tt c cc phn thp b nh ra ngoi ca gi khng c lm bng thp khng g th phi c bo v

chng n mn bng cch ph km, m km nng hoc sn ph c k s chp nhn.

656

Tiu chun thit k cu

Mc lc
Phn 1. Gii thiu chung ...............................................

1.1. Phm vi ...........................................................................................................................

1.2. cc nh ngha ................................................................................................................

1.3. Trit l thit k ...............................................................................................................

Phn 2. Thit k tng th v c im v tr cu ............................

2.1. Phm vi cp.................................................................................................................

2.2.Cc nh ngha..................................................................................................................

2.3. Cc c trng v tr ..........................................................................................................

2.4. Kho st mng ................................................................................................................

14

2.5. Mc ch thit k ............................................................................................................

14

2.6. Thu vn v thu lc ......................................................................................................

20

Phn 3. ti trng v h s ti trng ......................................

27

3.1. Phm vi ...........................................................................................................................

27

3.2. cc nh ngha ................................................................................................................

27

3.3. k hiu ............................................................................................................................

29

Tiu chun thit k cu

657

3.4. cc H s v t hp ti trng ...........................................................................................

32

3.5. Ti trng thng xuyn ...................................................................................................

36

3.6. Hot ti ............................................................................................................................

36

3.7. Ti trng nc: WA ........................................................................................................

44

3.8. Ti trng gi: WL v WS ................................................................................................

45

3.9. v ti trng bng tuyt khng bin son ..........................................................................

49

3.10. Hiu ng ng t: EQ .................................................................................................

49

3.11. p lc t EH, ES, LS v DD ........................................................................................

57

3.12. ng lc do bin dng cng bc: tu, TG, SH,CR, SE ....................................................

69

3.13. Lc ma st: FR .............................................................................................................

72

3.14. Va ca tu thuyn: CV .................................................................................................

72

Phn 4. phn tch v nh gi kt cu .....................................................................

79

4.1. Phm vi .............................................................................................................................

79

4.2. nh ngha ........................................................................................................................

79

4.3. k hiu ..............................................................................................................................

83

4.4. cc phng php phn tch kt cu c chp nhn .........................................................

85

4.5. M hnh ton hc ..............................................................................................................

86

4.6. phn tch tnh hc .............................................................................................................

90

Tiu chun thit k cu

658

4.7. phn tch ng lc hc ......................................................................................................

122

4.8. phn tch theo m hnh vt l ...........................................................................................

127

Phn 5. kt cu b tng .............................................................................................

128

5.1. Phm vi ..............................................................................................................................

128

5.2. Cc nh ngha...................................................................................................................

128

5.3. K hiu ..............................................................................................................................

132

5.4. Cc tnh cht ca vt liu...................................................................................................

138

5.5. Cc trng thi gii hn.......................................................................................................

145

5.6. Cc nghin cu thit k ....................................................................................................

149

5.7. Thit k kt cu chu un v chu lc dc trc ..................................................................

153

5.8. Ct v xon .......................................................................................................................

168

5.9. d ng lc v d ng lc mt phn....................................................................................

182

5.10. Cc chi tit t ct thp ...................................................................................................

195

5.11. Trin khai ct thp v mi ni ct thp ...........................................................................

219

5.12. bn ............................................................................................................................

230

5.13. cc cu kin ring bit .....................................................................................................

233

5.14. Quy nh i vi cc loi kt cu ....................................................................................

246

659

Tiu chun thit k cu

Phn 6. kt cu thp ..................................................................................................

268

6.1. Phm vi .............................................................................................................................

268

6.2. Cc nh ngha...................................................................................................................

268

6.3. K hiu ............................................................................................................................

272

6.4. Vt liu .............................................................................................................................

279

6.5. Cc trng thi gii hn ......................................................................................................

283

6.6. Cc xem xt v mi v ph hoi ........................................................................................

285

6.7. Cc yu cu v kch thc chung v chi tit......................................................................

300

6.8. cu kin chu ko ..............................................................................................................

304

6.9. Cu kin chu nn .............................................................................................................

309

6.10. Cc mt ct ch I chu un .............................................................................................

315

6.11. Cc mt ct hp chu un ..............................................................................................

354

6.12. Cc cu kin chu un khc ...........................................................................................

362

6.13. Cc lin kt v mi ni ..................................................................................................

366

6.14. quy nh cho cc loi kt cu ........................................................................................

384

9. mt cu v h mt cu ................................................ 390

9.1. Phm vi ............................................................................................................................

390

660

Tiu chun thit k cu

9.2. cc nh ngha .................................................................................................................

390

9.3. Cc k hiu ......................................................................................................................

393

9.4. cc yu cu thit k chung ...............................................................................................

393

9.5. Cc trng thi Gii hn ....................................................................................................

394

9.6. Phn tch ..........................................................................................................................

395

9.7. Bn mt cu b tng ........................................................................................................

395

9.8. mt cu thp......................................................................................................................

401

Phn 10. Nn mng..................................................... 407

10.1. Phm vi ..........................................................................................................................

407

10.2. Cc nh ngha................................................................................................................

407

10.3. cc k hiu......................................................................................................................

408

10.4. xc nh tnh cht ca t ...............................................................................................

412

10.5. cc trng thi gii hn v cc h s sc khng ..............................................................

415

10.6. Mng m rng ...............................................................................................................

419

10.7. Cc ng.........................................................................................................................

448

10.8. Cc khoan.......................................................................................................................

470

Phn 11. m, tr v tng chn .......................................... 494

11.1. Phm vi ..........................................................................................................................

494

661

Tiu chun thit k cu

11.2. Cc nh ngha................................................................................................................

494

11.3. K hiu ...........................................................................................................................

495

11.4. Cc tnh cht ca t v vt liu .....................................................................................

496

11.5. Cc trng thi gii hn v h s sc khng.....................................................................

497

11.6. Cc m v tng chn thng thng ..............................................................................

499

11.7. Tr ..................................................................................................................................

504

11.8. Tng c neo ..................................................................................................................

504

11.9. Tng t n nh bng c hc (MSE)...........................................................................

508

11.10. Cc tng ch to sn theo m un ..............................................................................

520

Phn 12. kt cu vi cng v o hm ...................................... 526

12.1. Phm vi ..........................................................................................................................

526

12.2. cc nh ngha ...............................................................................................................

526

12.3. cc k hiu .....................................................................................................................

526

12.4. Tnh cht ca t v vt liu ..........................................................................................

530

12.5. Trng thi gii hn v h s sc khng .........................................................................

531

12.6. c trng thit k chung ................................................................................................

535

12.7. ng kim loi, kt cu vm ng v vm ..........................................................................

539

12.8. kt cu bn nhp ln .......................................................................................................

541

662

Tiu chun thit k cu

12.9. kt cu hp bn ..............................................................................................................

550

12.10. ng b tng ct thp ....................................................................................................

555

12.11. cng hp b tng ct thp c ti ch v c sn v vm b tng ct thp c ti ch

.................................................................................................................................................

571

12.12. ng nha do nng ......................................................................................................

575

12.13. tm v hm bng thp ..................................................................................................

578

12.14. cc kt cu c 3. cnh bng b tng ct thp c sn ..................................................

582

Phn 13. Lan can, ro chn.............................................. 594

13.1. Phm vi ..........................................................................................................................

594

13.2. cc nh ngha ...............................................................................................................

594

13.3. k hiu ...........................................................................................................................

595

13.4. tng qut ........................................................................................................................

596

13.5. Vt liu ..........................................................................................................................

597

3.6. cc trng thi gii hn v cc h s sc khng ................................................................

597

13.7. LAN CAN ng t ...................................................................................................

598

13.8. Lan can ng ngi i b ............................................................................................

611

13.9. Lan can ng xe p ....................................................................................................

613

13.10. Lan can dng kt hp ..................................................................................................

614

663

Tiu chun thit k cu

13.11. b va v ng ngi i b ........................................................................................

614

Phn 14. khe co gin v gi cu .......................................... 615

14.1. Phm vi ..........................................................................................................................

615

14.2. cc nh ngha ...............................................................................................................

615

14.3. k hiu ...........................................................................................................................

617

14.4. cc chuyn v V CC ti trng .....................................................................................

619

14.5. cc khe co gin ca cu .................................................................................................

621

14.6. cc yu cu i vi cc gi cu .....................................................................................

629

14.7. cc quy nh thit k ring bit v gi ...........................................................................

633

14.8. cc tm ti trng v s neo C cc gi ....................................................................

654

14.9. bo v chng n mn .....................................................................................................

655

Ghi ch: Cc cng thc, hnh v v bng c nu trong tng iu c biu th bng s hiu ca
chnh iu v thm mt ch s ph, v d 1.2.3.4.5-1, nhng khi chng c nhc n
ngay trong chnh iu th chng c biu th bng ch s ph. V d trong iu 1.2.3.4.5.
cng thc 1.2.3.4.5-2. ch gi l "cng thc 2". Khi cng thc ny c nu bt k Iu
no khc, n s c gi vi tn y , c ngha l "cng thc 1.2.3.4.5-2". Quy c ny
cng dng cho cc bng v hnh v.

664

Tiu chun thit k cu

283

285
300

447
448
655
395
611