Jess A.

Toal

Martn A. Guerrero
@IAA-Spain

H
[OIII]
X-ray

Jane Arthur
@CRyA-Mexico

You-Hua Chu
Robert Gruendl
@University of Illinois
UIUC, USA

Dublin / June 2014

Outline:
Introduction

Wolf-Rayet Nebulae

Theory: X-ray Emission

Old/Recent Observations
Conclusions

NGC 3199

Introduction: Stellar Evolution

Depending on the initial mass (and other parameters)

O-type star

Red Supergiant (RSG)

Luminous Blue Variable(LBV)
Yellow Supergiant (YSG)

(~106 yr)

(~105 yr)

Characterized by
dense and slow winds
M ~ 10-4 10-3 M/yr
V ~ 10 102 km/s

WR

(~104 yr)

Introduction: WR Nebulae

B Bubble
C Clumpy/Disrupted
M Mixed

Toal et al. in prep.

Introduction: WR Nebulae
NGC 2359 WR7

H
[OIII]

WISE
22m
12m
4.6m
Toal et al. in prep.

Introduction: WR Nebulae
WR101

WISE
22m
12m
4.6m

Toal et al. in prep.

Theory: X-ray Emission

Shocked gas inside the WR nebula

Dyson & Williams (1997)
T ~ V2

Shocked Stellar Wind

Theory: X-ray Emission

Shocked gas inside the WR nebula

Dyson & Williams (1997)
T ~ V2

Shocked Stellar Wind

WR stars
V 1000 km/s

T = 107 108 K

Theory: X-ray Emission

Conduction front

Weaver + (1977)

Soft X-ray emission with temperatures T~106 K

LX 1035 erg/s

Kastner + (2012)
Chandra

Eskimo Nebula
(NGC 2392)
Ruiz + (2013)

S 308
Around WR 6

H
[OIII]

WISE
22m
12m
4.6m

ROSAT, Wrigge (1999)

T = [1.5 28] 106 K

LX ~ 3.71033 erg/s

S 308
Around WR 6

ROSAT,
Wrigge (1999)
T = [1.5 28] 106 K

S 308 WR 6
D ~ 40 arcmin
XMM-Newton
Chu et al. (2003)

H
[OIII]

Estimated luminosity
LX = 1.2 x 1034 erg/s

S 308 - WR6
D ~ 40 arcmin
XMM-Newton
Toal et al. (2012)

H
[OIII]

S 308 WR6
D ~ 40 arcmin
XMM-Newton
Toal et al. (2012)

H
[OIII]
Newton

S 308 WR6

T1 = 1.1 106 K
T2 = 1.3 107 K (< 10%)
LX = 2 1033 erg/s
ne = 0.1 cm-3

H
[OIII]
X-ray
Newton

RCW 58 WR 40
D ~ 10 arcmin
XMM-Newton
Gosset et al. (2005)
Exposure 20 ks

H
[OIII]

WISE
22m
12m
4.6m

RCW 58 WR 40
D ~ 10 arcmin
XMM-Newton
Gosset et al. (2005)
Exposure 20 ks

NOT
DETECTED!

RCW 58 WR 40

H
[OIII]

D ~ 10 arcmin
XMM-Newton
Gosset et al. (2005)
Exposure 20 ks

NOT
DETECTED!

Estimated luminosity
LX < 7 1033 erg/s

Toala & Arthur (2011)

WR 16
D ~ 9

WISE
22m
12m
4.6m

WR 16
D ~ 9
XMM-Newton
Skinner et al. (2012)
Exposure time 33 ks
H

WR 16

Estimated

D ~ 9

LX < 7 1032 erg/s

Toal & Guerrero (2013)

n < 0.6 cm-3

NOT DETECTED!
25:00.0

So6 [0.3-1.15] keV

Medium [1.15-2.5] keV
Hard [2.5 - 10] keV

0.3 10 keV

-57:30:00.0

Declination (J2000)

35:00.0

40:00.0

45:00.0

50:00.0

55:00.0

-58:00:00.0
57:00.0

30.0

56:00.0

30.0

9:55:00.0

30.0

Right Ascension (J2000)

54:00.0

30.0

53:00.0

57:00.0

30.0

56:00.0

30.0 9:55:00.0

30.0

Right Ascension (J2000)

54:00.0

30.0

53:00.0

NGC 6888 WR 136

Size ~ 12 18

The most studied in X-rays

Einstein
ASCA
ROSAT
Suzaku
Chandra
XMM-Newton

H
[OIII]

NGC 6888 WR 136

5
Einstein
Bochkarev (1988)
T = [8-10]106 K

H
[OIII]

NGC 6888 WR 136

Size ~ 12 18
Chandra
Toal et al. (2014)

ACIS-S

H
[OIII]

NGC 6888 WR 136

Size ~ 12 18
Chandra
Toal et al. (2014)

ACIS-S

CCD S3

CCD S4

Point sources excised

Adaptively smoothed

NGC 6888 WR 136

Size ~ 12 18
Chandra
Toal et al. (2014)
H
[OIII]
Chandra

H
[OIII]
ROSAT

NGC 6888 WR 136

CCD S3
E
A1

B1
B2

A2

5
CCD S4

NGC 6888 WR 136

T1 = 1.4 106 K
T2 = 7.5 107 K (< 5%)

Last week . . .
NGC 2359 WR7

Zhekov (2014)

T = 2.3106 K
LX = 5 1032 erg/s

Halpha - SuperCosmos
B-Band - DSS
XMM-Newton

Toal & Guerrero (2013) + Zhekov (2014)

3 detected & 2 non-detections

Why?

X-ray emission from WR nebulae is still a growing field

X-ray emission is soft and luminosities below expectations

Models fail to reproduce both detections and non-detections

How effective is thermal conduction or mixing from the RSG shell?

Conclusions:
S 308 and NGC 6888 do not present the same X-ray-emitting
gas distribution

H
[OIII]
Newton

22

H
[OIII]
ROSAT

Conclusions:
RCW 58 and the WR nebula around WR16 are not detected
Disrupted morphology
H
[OIII]

5
22

WISE
22m
12m
4.6m

Inhibited thermal conduction

THANK YOU