’ 4 4 : A oe SS PS ai _ sa ee ~ tadHeinemann English Language Teaching, Halley Court Jordan Hil, Oxford OX2 8] A division of Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Lid OXFORD MADRID FLORENCE ATHENS PRAGUE SAO PAULO MEXICO CITY CHICAGO PORTSMOUTH (NH). TOKYO. SINGAPORE KUALALUMPUR MELBOURNE AUCKLAND JOHANNESBURG IBADAN GABORONE. Heinemann isa registered trademark of Reed Educational & Professional Publishing Limited ISBN 0 435 28202 6 te © Martin Mills 1990 First published 1990 All rights reserved; no par ofthis publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmiteed in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior turitien permission of the Publishers. The author would like to express his gratitude to the following for their contributions to the course: Ben Duncan; Paul Cane; Eileen Miller; Yvonne Harvey; Dave Chumbley; John Gillow; Dr Hugh King; Martin Parrocr; Malcolm Hebden; Psyche Kennett; Jan McCarry; Tony Robinson: David Boyd. Text acknowledgements (Our thanks are due to the following for their kind permission to reproduce a text: International House (pp. 2 and 3); Steve Elsworth (p. 7); Newsweek (pp. 14 and 15); Department of Health and Social Security (Crown Copyright) (pp. 18 and 19); The Guardian (pp. 26 and 27); Jacquie Hughes (pp. 30 and 31); Prentice Hall Trade Division, a division of Simon & Schuster, Inc. (pp. 38 and 39); Time Inc. (pp. 42 and 43); Oxford University Press (pp. 50 and 51); The Independent (p. 55); Pan Books Led (p. 64); The Sunday Times (pp. 68 and 69); Constable Publishers (pp. 76 and 77); Her Majesty's Stationery Office (Crown Copyright) (pp. 80 and 81); The Observer (pp. 86 and 87); Martin Walker (pp. 90 and 91); Curtis Brown (Aust.) Pty Ltd, Sydney (pp. 98 and 99); Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. (pp. 102 and 103); New English Library, Hodder and Stoughton Ltd (pp. 110 and 111); Coronet (pp. 116 and 117); Newsweek (pp. 124 and 125); Intemational Herald Tribune (p. 129); The Observer Colour Supplement (pp. 134 and 135); Fiat Auto (UK) Led, Citréen Cars Ltd, Subaru (UK) Ltd, VAG (United Kingdom) Ltd, Suzuki GB (Cars) Ltd (pp. 140 and 141); Fanfare Publications (p. 146); Prentice Hall Trade Division, a division of Simon & Schuster, Ine. (p. 147); The Observer Colour Supplement (pp. 150 and 151); Cambridge University Press (pp. 154 and 155) Photograph acknowledgements We would also like to thank the following for permission to reproduce photographs: ‘The Bell Educational Trust (p. 1); Liz Somerville (p- 4); © Henry Moore Foundation. Reproduced by kind permission of the Henry Moore Foundation and the Tate Gallery, London (p. 13); Aspect Picture Library (p. 19); David Hoffman/Camera Press, London (p. 19); Nigel Coke/Science Photo Library (p. 19); Cath Tate (p. 25); Mary Evans Picture Library (p. 37); Barry Lewis/Necwork (p. 43); Windsor Castle Royal Library © Her Majesty The Queen (p. 61); Mary Evans Picture Library (pp. 68 and 69); British Heart Foundation (p. 70); Electronic Graphics Ltd (p. 73); The Kobal Collection. A First National Production (p. 76); The Mansell Collection (p. 85); Rex Features Led (p. 88); G. & G. Attwell/Aquila Photographies Led (p. 97);,J. J. Brooks/ Aquila Photographics Led (p. 99); Octopus Publishing Group Library (p. 101); Mary Evans Picture Library (p. 109); Camera Press Ltd (p. 110); Zefa (p. 117); Fay Godwin/ Barbara Heller Photo Library (p. 121); WWE/Save the Rhino Trust (p. 124); ‘Andreas Ramer/Rex Features Ltd (p. 124); Andes Press Agency (p. 129); Chris Honeywell (p. 131); ‘Winnebago Industries Inc., Iowa, U.S.A. (p. 134); Fiat Auto (UK) Ltd (p. 140); Subaru (UK) Ltd (p. 141); VAG (United Kingdom) Led (p. 141); Mary Evans Picture Library (p. 145); Christine Osborne (pp. 146 and 147). While every effort has been made to trace the owners of copyright material in this book, there have been some cases where the publishers have been unable to locate the sources. We would be grateful to hear from anyone who recognises their copyright material and who is unacknowledged. Mlustrations by: se Matthew Buckley lan Kella Paul Campion David Mostyn Barbara Crow Chris Price + Rob Fowler John Pugh Steve Fricker Trevor Ridley Val Hill Paul Slater . Keith Hume Billy Stevenson ; ‘Typeset by Tradespools Ltd, Frome, Somerset Printed and bound in Great Britain by Scotprint Ltd, Musselburgh, Scotland 97 98 99 10987Ingeneral Nem isa course for students of English whose level, isapproximately equivalent to pass standard at Cambridge FCE. By the end of the course, the English of such users should be most of the way to the level required for a Cambridge Proficiency candidate. However, the course is a general one, nota specific preparation for any examination, The aims of News are to broaden and enrich, your English, and to help you to use it more comrectly, creatively and fluently. An equally important aim isto help you to be an adult, autonomous learner of English, for whom time spent in the classroom is only a part of your studies. Scudents who think for themselves and take their English out of the classroom when they leave it are much more likely to be successful leamers. To this, effect, Nexus contains practical advice on how to organise your learning effectively, and a varied selection of voluntary projects and assignments, to be tackled creatively outside class time. In. audition, at every stage of the course you, the students, are encouraged to bring your own. knowledge, ideas and experience to the work in hand, and to discuss them with each other and with your teacher. ‘The structure of the course Neus consists of thirteen units, each divided into seven sections. There are two sections for reading, and one each for listening, speaking, writing, grammar and vocabulary. Reading Inthe Reading sections you will read, analyse and discuss a variety of written material, ranging from literary extracts to advertisements. The exercises aim net only to check your understanding but also toimprove your reading in various ways. The following are some of the subskills practised: rredicting while reading; guessing words from context; identifying words with given meanings; appreciating stylistic features; reacting for gist; scanning for specific information. Speaking The Speaking sections are of two types. In one type youuse your English freely and creatively, in an organised discussion, a game, or a role play. In another, you study and practise useful items of spoken English, selected according to functional criteria, through a series of guided exercises. Introduction Listening ‘You will hear a fairly long piece of authentic spoken English, with from one to four people speaking. The exercises test your comprehension, and also ask you to listen hard for certain useful words and expressions. Writing The Writing sections aim to help you write ina more organised and thoughtful way. Study of the ‘organisation and language used in model texts is followed by controlled writing exercises. There are alo many opportunities for free writing. Grammar E The aim of the Grammar sections is to clear up your doubts about the basics of English grammar, 10 introduce you to more advanced language points, and to provide varied practice. In every Grammar section you will have the opportunity to discuss and share what you already know about the grammar before studying a description of the language area in question, and then going on to practice activities, Vocabulary Advice about how to expand and store your vocabulary in your own time is given in the > Organising your learning sections in the Study pages. The Vocabulary sections aim to teach you new words in class time. Each section teaches a vocabulary set in an integrated and systematic way. Your own knowledge is activated and then a variety of activities strengthen your understanding of the new words. The Study pages These pages, at the back of your Coursebook, are an essential and integral part of your work in the course. They contain: language descriptions for the Grammar sections; some back-up vocabulary exercises; answer keys for re-ordered texts; transcripts of dialogues; information fo: role plays, and information-exchange activities {| This cassette symbol tells you when to switch, ‘on your cassette and listen to recorded material. Nexus aims to offer a balanced, stimulating and challenging programme, and it is hoped that the users of the course will benefit from it not only in. terms of language improvement, but also through the opportunities ic offers for communication and interaction with other users of English.