I.

T VN
Do thc t trnh nhn thc ca hc sinh THCS cha cao, c bit l i
vi vng nng thn, thi gian tip thu trn lp cn t so vi lng kin thc v
kh nng t duy, nhn dng, phn loi bi ton xc nh c yu cu ca bi
ton l ht sc kh khn i vi phn ln hc sinh.
Bn cnh , do nhu cu ham hc, ham hiu bit ca s hc sinh c trin
vng, do mc quan trng ca vt l 9 i vi vic thi hc sinh gioi cc cp v
tip tc hc ban khoa hc t nhin cc lp trn nn yu cu t ra l phi chn
la, sng lc v phn loi bi tp hng dn cho hc sinh l cng vic v
cng quan trng i vi mi gio vin dy bi dng.
Thc t cho thy: kin thc l v hn, cc loi, cc dng bi tp ni
chung, bi tp v mch in ni ring l rt phong ph v a dng:
- Mch in mc ni tip, mc song song.
- Mch in hn hp tng minh.
- Mch in hn hp khng tng minh.
- Mch cu, mch i xng, mch tun hon, mch bc thang...
Trong qu trnh bi dng vt l THCS cho hc sinh, nu ta ch phn ra cc
phn c, nhit, in, quang; mi phn lm mt vi bi hc sinh quan st, ghi
chp v ghi nh my mc theo kiu ti hin th rt kh c th ghi nh bn
vng v p dng khi cn thit.
Vic bi dng hc sinh c trin vng i hoi gio vin phi nh hng
c v phn loi tng dng bi tp cho hc sinh, vi mi dng trc ht cung
cp cho hc sinh h thng kin thc c bn, nhng im cn lu , cung cp
cch gii c th, chn la bi tp cho hc sinh luyn gii nm vng phng
php vi mc t n gin n phc tp. Trong cc dng bi tp th vic
hc sinh bit phn tch cch mc cc b phn trong mch in phc tp th mi
c th bt tay vo vic gii cc bi tp khc.
Trong qu trnh bi dng cho hc sinh mi nhn, hc sinh thuc i
tuyn d thi hc sinh gioi, iu m ti nhn thy hu ht hc sinh l i vi

nhng mch in phc tp, cc em u b lng tng, b tc khng tm ra hng

phn tch mch in.
Song do iu kin c hn v thi gian, iu kin v phng tin, dng,
vt cht.. nn khng th nghin cu k trnh by cc cho cc dng bi tp
v cc loi mch in m y ti ch a ra mt vi kinh nghim nho gip
hc sinh bin i t mch in hn hp khng tng minh tr v mch in hn
hp tng minh c th thc hin gii mt cch n gin v nh vy, khi hc
sinh bit cch v li mch in th khi hc sinh s c s hng th bt
tay vo vic khai thc nhiu dng ton, bi ton v mch in.
Vy gip hc sinh c kh nng gii ton vt l phn nh lut m, bi
dng hc sinh c trin vng chn i tuyn hc sinh gioi... t kt qu cao,
ti la chn chuyn NHNG KINH NGHIM GIP HOC SINH G
MACH IN V TNH GI TRI IN TR THOA MN YU CU BI
TON VT L LP 9 trong chuyn ny ti ch nu ra cc bi ton v
mch in hn hp khng tng minh cung cp cho hc sinh c thm gii
php gii bi ton loi mch in ny.

II. GIAI QUYT VN

1. C S L LUN
Chng I . Nhc li mt s kin thc c bn
Mt mch in c th gm nhiu on mch in. Mi on mch in
gia hai im ca on mch in c th gm mt hay nhiu b phn, cc b
phn c th mc ni tip hoc mc song song vi nhau.
1. nh lut m:
I

U
R

U = I.R v

U
I

2. nh lut m i vi cc loi on mch

a/ on mch ni tip:
A

C
R1

R2

H.1

* Tnh cht:
Hai in tr R1 v R2 c mt im chung l C.

*Ch :

I = I1 = I2.

(1a)

U = U1 + U2.

(2a)

R = R1 + R2.

(3a)

U1
R
1
U 2 R2

(4a)

R1

U1 = I1.R1 = I.R1 =

U
R

.R1 = U. R R .
1
2

U2 = I2.R2 = I.R2 =

U
R

.R2 = U. R R .
1
2

R2

Chia U thnh U1 v U2 t l thun vi R1 v R2.

- Nu R2 = 0 th theo (5a) ta thy :

(5a)

U1
R
1
U 2 R2

U2 = 0 v U1 = U.

Do trn s (H.1). Hai im C v B: U CB = I.R2 = 0. Khi im C coi

nh trng vi im B (hay im C v B c cng in th).
R1
I1
- Nu R2 = (rt ln)
A
I
U1 = 0 v U2 = U.

R2
I2

H.2

b/ on mch mc song song:

* Tnh cht:
Hai in tr R1 v R2 c hai im chung l A v B.
U = U1 = U2 .

(1b)

I = I1 + I2.

(2b)

I 1 R2

I2
R1

(3b)

1
1
1

Rtd
R1 R2

*Ch :

(4b)

I1

U1 U
I .R1 .R2
R2

I.
R1 R 1 R1 ( R1 R2 )
R1 R2

I2

U2 U
I .R1 .R2
R1

I.
R2 R 2 R2 ( R1 R2 )
R1 R2

Chia I thnh I1 v I2 t l nghch vi R1 v R2 :

- Nu R2 = 0 th theo (5b) ta c:

(5b)

I 1 R2

I2
R1

I1 = 0 v I2 = I.

Do trn s (H.2). Hai im A v B c :UAB = 0. Khi hai im A v B c

th coi l trng nhau (hay hai im A v B c cng in th).
- Nu R2 = (rt ln) th ta c : I2 = 0 v I1 = I.
(Khi R2 c in tr rt ln so vi R1 th kh nng cn tr dng in ca vt dn
l rt ln. Do ta c th coi dng in khng qua R2.)
3. Mt s im lu :
- Trong mt mch in, cc im ni vi nhau bng dy ni (hoc ampe k) c
in tr khng ng k c coi l trng nhau. Khi ta chp cc im li
v v li mch tnh ton.
- Trong cc bi ton, nu khng c ghi ch g c bit th ta c th coi:
RA 0 v RV .
- Khi gii bi ton vi nhng s mch in mc hn hp tng i phc tp,
nn tm cch a v mt s tng ng n gin hn. Trn s tng
ng, nhng im c in th nh nhau (bng nhau) c gp li (chp li)

lm r nhng b phn phc tp ca on mch c ghp li to thnh on

mch n gin hn.
Chng II. Mch in hn hp khng tng minh.
1/ Nhn xt chung:
- Mch in hn hp khng tng minh cng l mt loi mch in mc hn
hp, song cch mc kh phc tp, khng n gin m phn tch cch mc cc b
phn trong mch in c ngay. V vy, thc hin c k hoch gii, bt
buc phi tm cch mc li a v mch in tng ng n gin hn.
Nh rng, gia cc im ni vi nhau bng dy dn, ampe k... c in
tr khng ng k l nhng im c cng in th, ta gp li (chp li). Khi
v li mch in, ta s c mch in tng ng dng n gin hn.
- Phn tch cch mc cc b phn trong mch in l bc kh quan trng, n
gip ta thc hin yu cu ca bi ton trnh c nhng sai st.
Cui cng, ta p dng cc tnh cht v h qu ca nh lut m i vi
tng loi on mch ni tip v song song.
2/ Cc bi tp th d c th
2.1 Bi tp th d 1:
Cho s mch in c mc nh s hnh v 3.
Bit R1 = 6; R2 = 3; R3 = 8; R4 = 4.

R1

Khi on mch c mc vo mt ngun in,

R4

ampe k ch 3A.

R2

a/ Tnh hiu in th ca ngun in.

D

b/ Tnh dng in i qua R1 v R2.

R3

H.3.
..

Hng dn hc sinh thc hin gii

Vi vic ln u tin gii bi ton mch in hn hp nh th ny, hc

sinh lng tng trong vic phn tch mch in. V vy, sau khi c gio vin
cung cp vic chp cc im ni vi nhau bng dy dn, ta yu cu hc sinh
quan st k s v nhn xt cch mc.
Bc 1: Nhn xt:
5

Ta thy cc im A v D c ni vi nhau bng dy dn c din tr

khng ng k, nn chng c cng in th v ta chp l thnh mt im. Nh
vy th gia hai im A v B c mt on mch mc song song gm 3 mch r.
Mch r th nht cha R1, mch r th hai cha R 2, mch r th ba cha R3 v
R4.
Bc 2: Thc hin bi gii:
- Mch in c v li tng ng nh sau:
A

R1
R1

- Mch in c mc:

R4

R3

R1 // R2 // (R3 nt R4 )

Gi I1, I2, I3,4 l cc dng in i qua cc in tr R1, R2, R3 v R4.

a/ Hiu in th gia hai c ca ngun in cng chnh l hiu in th gia hai
mch r cha R3 v R4.
Ta c:

UAB = I34.R34 = I34(R3 + R4)

= 3(8 + 4) = 36(V)

b/ Cng dng in qua R1 v R2 ln lt l :

U

36

AB
I 1 = R 6 6( A)
1

36

AB
I2 = R 3 12( A)
2

S: U = 36V; I1 = 6A; I2 = 12A.

2.2 Bi tp th d 2:
Cho mch in c s cch mc nh hnh v 4.
A

Bit: R1 = 6,5; R2 = 6; R3 = 12; R4 = 10;

R5 = 30. Ampe k ch 2A. Tnh:
a/ Hiu in th 2 cc ca ngun in.
b/ Cng dng in qua mi in tr.

R2
R3

R1

C
+
H. 4

Hng dn hc sinh thc hin gii

R4

R5

Khi hc sinh quan st s mch in, rt kh c th phn tch c

cch mc cc b phn trong mch in, ta yu cu hc sinh quan st v nhn xt
s cch mc.
Bc 1; Nhn xt
Ta thy hai im B v C c ni vi nhau bng dy dn c in tr
khng ng k. Do , ta chp hai im ny li vi nhau. Khi on mch AC
v on mch CD l hai on mch mc ni tip, mi on mch li c 2
in tr c mc song song. Nh vy, mch in gm: Hai on mch mc
song song AC v CD mvs ni tip vi nhau v ni tip vi in tr R 1 mc vo
ngun in.
Bc 2: Thc hin bi gii:
- Mch in c v li tng ng nh sau:
R4

R2

C
R5

R3

R1

- Mch in c mc nh sau:

R1 nt {(R2 // R3) nt (R4 // R5)}

a/ in tr tng ng ca mch AC l :
R R3
1
1
1

2
R AC R2 R3
R2 .R3

R AC

R2 R3
6.12
72

4()
R2 R3 6 12 18

in tr tng ng ca on mch CD l:
R R5
1
1
1

4
RCD R4 R5
R4 .R5

in tr ton mch l:

R CD

R4 R5
10.30
300

7,5()
R4 R5 10 30 40

R = R1 + RAC + RCD = 6,5 + 4 + 7,5 = 18()

Vy hiu in th hai cc ca ngun in l:

U = I.R = 2.18 = 36(V)
b/ Cng dng in qua R1 l I1:
I1 = I = 2(A)
Cng dng in qua R2 v R3 l I2 v I3 :
7

I 2 R3 12

2
I 3 R2
6

Ta c :

M : I2 + I3 = I = 2A

I 2 2 .I 3

(1)

(2)

Kt hp (1) v (2), ta c :I2 =

4
3

(A)

v I3 =

2
3

(A)

Cng dng in qua R4 v R5 l I4 v I5:

I 4 R5 30

3
I 5 R4 10

Ta c :

M: I4 + I5 = I = 2A

I 4 3.I 5

(3)

(4)

Kt hp (3) v (4), ta c :
S:

I4 =

U = 36V; I1 = 2A; I2 =

4
3

3
2

(A) v I5 =
2
3

A; I3 =

A; I4 =

1
2

3
2

(A).

A; I5 =

1
2

A.

2.3 Bi tp th d 3:
Cho s mch in nh hnh v 5. Cc in tr u bng nhau v c gi
tr l r = 15. Dy ni v ampe k c in tr khng ng k. Khi mc mch
in vo ngun in th ampe k ch 2A. Tnh:
a/ in tr tng ng ca ton mch AB.
b/ Hiu in th gia hai cc ca ngun in.
D
A +

A C

- B

G
H. 5

Hng dn hc sinh thc hin gii

Vi mach in nh th ny, nu hc sinh cha tip cn ln no th d gy
cho hc sinh s chn nn v bo cuc. Song vi vic chp cc im c cng in
th m cc em c tip cn th li gy cho cc em s t m mun c th
sc.
Bc 1: Nhn xt:
Ta thy gia cc im A, C, D, F, I c ni vi nhau bng dy dn v
ampe k c in tr khng ng k nn chng c cng in th. Do , ta chp
cc im ny li lm mt v ni vi dng ngun. Tng t nh vy, gia cc
8

im E, G, H, K, B ta chp li lm mt v ni vi m ngun. Nh vy hai u

mi in tr ny, mt u ni vi cc dng, mt u ni vi cc m ca ngun
in, ngha l mch in AB gm 5 in tr c mc song song vi nhau.
Bc 2: Thc hin k hoch gii:
- Mch in c v li tng ng nh sau:
r
r
+A

- B

r
r

- Mch in c mc:

R1 // R2 // R3 // R4 // R5.

a/ in tr tng ng ca ton mch AB l:

1
1
1
1
1
1

R AB R1 R2 R3 R4 R5

1 1 1 1 1 5

r r r r r r

R AB

r 15

3()
5 5

b/ Hiu in th hai cc ca ngun in l:

UAB = I.RAB = 2.3 = 6(V)
S:

RAB =

3() ;

UAB = 6(V)

2.4 Bi tp th d 4:
Cho s mch in nh hnh v 6. Cc in tr u bng nhau v c gi
tr l r = 49 . Dy ni c in tr khng ng k. Tnh in tr tng ng
ca ton mch.

R1

R2

R3

F
F

R4

+ A

R7

R6

H. 6

Hng dn hc sinh thc hin gii

9

R5

Vi mch in phc tp ny, hc sinh sau khi lm quen vi phng

php quan st nhn ra c gia cc im c ni vi nhau bng dy dn s
c chp li lm r cch mc cc b phn trong mch in.
Bc 1: Nhn xt:
Quan st s mch in, ta thy gia cc im A, C, I, E, G. c ni
vi nhau bng dy dn c in tr khng ng k. V vy, cc im ny c cng
in th, ta chp li lm mt v mc v pha cc dng ca ngun in, tng
t nh vy ta cng c th chp cc im B, K, D, H, F li lm mt v mc v
pha cc m ca ngun.
Bc 2: Thc hin k hoch gii
- Mch in c v li tng ng nh sau :
R1
R2
R3
+A

R4

- B

R5
R6
R7

- Mch in c mc:

R1 // R2 // R3 // R4 // R5 // R6 // R7.

in tr tng ng ca ton mch l:

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

R AB R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7

1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7

R AB
r r r r r r r r

R AB

r 49

7()
7
7

2.5 Bi tp th d 5:
Cho s mch in nh hnh v 7. Cc in tr u bng nhau v c gi
tr l r = 12. in tr dy ni khng ng k. Ampe k ch 2,4A.
10

a/ Tnh in tr tng ng ca ton mch.

b/ Tnh hiu in th gia hai u mch in.

D

B
H.7

Hng dn hc sinh thc hin gii

n y, hc sinh gp phi mt s mch in phc tp hn, khng ch
n gin l chp cc im c ni bng dy dn m hc sinh cn phi xc nh
cc yu t ca nh lut m (I. U, R) v dng in a vo mch nh th no.
T mi nh gi c in th ti cc im, khi nhng im no c cng
in th ta chp li lm mt.
Bc 1:

Nhn xt:

Ta nhn thy:
- Cc in tr c mc vo cc cnh ca hnh lp phng.
- Theo bi cc in tr ny c cng gi tr.
- Dng in c a vo nt A, i ra nt C(hai u ng cho ca
hnh lp phng).
Nh vy, cc im B, D. A c cng in th ta chp li lm mt. Tng
t nh vy, cc im C, B, D cng c cng in th ta chp li lm mt.
Do mch in thc cht gm 3 on mch mc ni tip nhau. Trong
on mch AB c 3 in tr R1, R2, R3 mc song song, on mch BC c 6 in
R4

tr mc song song, on mch CC c 3 in tr mc song song.

Bc 2:

R5

Thc hin k hoch gii

6
- Mch in cRv
1
li tng ng nh sau:

+A

R2
R3

R7

11

R8
R9

R10
C

R11
R6

- C

- Mch in c mc:

(R1//R2//R3) nt (R4//R5//R6//R7//R8//R9) nt (R10//R11//R12)

a/ in tr tng ng ca on mach AB l :
1
1
1
1
1 1 1 3

R AB
R1 R2 R3 r r r r

R AB

r
( )
3

in tr tng ng ca on mch BC l :
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1 1 1 1 1 6

R BC R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 r r r r r r r

R BC

r
()
6

in tr tng ng ca on mch CC l :
1
1
1
1
1 1 1 3

RCC '
R10 R11 R12 r r r r

R CC'

r
( )
3

Vy in tr tng ng ca ton mch AC l :

RAC = RAB + RBC + RCC =

r r r 5r 5.12

10() .
3 6 3
6
6

b/ Hiu in th gia hai u mch in l :

UAC = I.RAC = 2,4.10 = 24 (V)
S:

RAC = 10;

R3

UAC = 24V.
R1

2.6 Bi tp th d 6:

R2

Cho mch in c s nh hnh v 8:

Bit R1 = 600; R2 = 500; R3 = 700;
U = 100V. Dy ni v kho K c in tr
khng ng k.

+ U H. 8

a/ Gi s vn k c in tr R V = 2000. Tm s ch ca vn k khi kho K

ng, kha K m.
b/ Gi s vn k c in tr rt ln R V = . Tnh cng dng in chy
trong mch khi kho K ng.
12

c/ Nu tho bo in tr R3 v thay vn k bng mt ampe k c in tr khng

ng k th ampe k ch bao nhiu ?
Hng dn hc sinh thc hin k hoch gii
Sau khi hc sinh thc hin tt vic xt in th cc im chp li
v v li mch th gio vin tip tc cho hc sinh lm quen vi dng mch in
c xt thm vai tr, chc nng ca vn k trong mch khi vn k c in tr gii
hn xc nh v khi c in tr v cng ln.
Bc 1:

Nhn xt:

Vi mch in ny, gio vin s nhc li cho hc sinh chc nng ca vn

k v ampe k:
- Nu vn k c in tr l mt gi tr gii hn no khng i th vn
k lc trong mch cho dng in chy qua v xem n nh mt in tr khi
tnh in tr tng ng trong mch.
- Nu vn k c in tr v cng ln (tnh cn tr dng in ca vt dn
ln) th dng in qua n coi nh khng ng k (c th tho ra khi tnh in tr
tng ng).
- Ampe k c in tr khng ng k, c th chp li nhng im c cng
in th lm r cch mc cc b phn trong mch in.
Bc 2:

R3

Thc hin k hoch gii:

a/ Nu vn k c i tr xc nh l RV = 2000
* Khi kho K ng, mch in c mc:

R1

R2

R1 nt {(RV nt R3) // R2)

R (R R )

2
V
3
Ta c : R2,3,V R R R
2
3
V

+ U -

500( 2000 700) 1350000

421,87()
500 700 2000
3200

in tr tng ng ca mch l: Rt = R1 + R2V = 600 + 421,87 = 1021,87 ()

Cng dng in chy trong mch l:
Vy s ch ca vn k l:

U
100
I

0,097(VA)
R 1021,87

UV = U2V = I.R2V = 0,097.400

= 38,8 (V).
R
1

* Khi kho K m, mch in c mc:

13
+ U -

R3

R1 nt RV nt R3.
in tr tng ng ca mch l :
Rt = R1 + R3 + RV
= 600 + 700 +2000 = 3300 ()
Cng dng in chy trong mch l:
I

U
100

0,03( A)
'
R td 3300

Vy s ch ca vn k trong trng hp ny l:

UV = I.RV = 0,03.2000 = 60

(V)
b/ Nu vn k c in tr rt ln (R V = ), coi nh khng c dng in chy
qua vn k v R3 (c th tho ra). Khi kho K ng, mch in lc ny ch gm
c 2 in tr R1 v R2 mc ni tip:

R1

R1 nt R2.

R2

Cng dng in chy mch l:

I

U
100

0,09( A)
R1 R2 600 500

+ U -

c/ Khi bo i tr R3 v thay vn k bng ampe k (do ampe k c in tr khng

ng k nn mch in c mc:

R1

Khi s ch ca ampe k l :
IA

U
100 1

0,166( A)
R1 600 6

+ U -

S:

a/ K ng: UV = 38,8V;

K m:UV = 60V

b/ I = 0,09A
c/ IA = 0,166A
3/ Mt s bi tp p dng
Bi 1: Tnh in tr tng ng ca on mch AB nh hnh v 9, nu:
a/ K1, K2 m.
b/ K1 m, K2 ng.

R1

R2

K2
R4

14
H. 9

R3

K1

c/ K1 ng, K2 m.
d/ K1, K2 u ng.
Cho R1 = 2; R2 = 4; R3 = 6; R4 =12; in tr cc dy ni l khng ng
k.
S: a/ K1, K2 m:

RAB = 12;

c/ K1 ng, K2 m:

b/ K1 m, K2 ng:

RAB = 1,2;d/ K1, K2 u ng:

RAB = 4.

RAB = 1.

Bi 2: Tnh in tr RAB, v RAG theo mch in c v H. 10a v H. 10b.

Bit mi on u c in tr l R.
H

B
D

S:

RAB =

2R
3

H. 10a

RAG =

H. 10b

5R
6

Bi 3: C mch in nh hnh v 11:

R1

Bit R1 = R3 = R4 = 4; R2 = 2; U = 6V.
a/ Khi ni gia A v D mt vn k th vn k
ch bao nhiu ? Bit vn k c in tr rt ln.

R2
R3

b/ Khi ni gia A v D mt ampe k th ampe k

ch bao nhiu ? Bit in tr ca ampe k rt nho.

R4

D
+ U -

H. 11

Tnh in tr tng ng ca mch trong trng hp ny.

S:

UV = UAD = 5,14V; IA = 2,25A

Phn III - KT QUA AT C V BI HOC KINH NGHIM

1/ Kt qu t c

15

* Trong qu trnh dy hc sinh cc lp bi dng, trc khi hng dn cho

hc sinh kinh nghim ny, khi gp bi tp v mch in khng tng minh th
hc sinh thng lng tng, ch c s t l thc hin c, cn li l thc hin
c nhng cha t yu cu, thm ch l c hc sinh khng c nh hng gii.
iu lm cho hc sinh c tm l chn nn, ngi hc vt l. Kt qu c th:
Kt qu
S HS kho st

HS khng thc
hin c

SL

HS thc hin cha

t yu cu

SL

HS thc hin t
yu cu

SL

40
18
45
17
42,5
5
12,5
* Vi kt qu nh vy, ti nhn thy khi hng dn hc sinh lm bi tp v
mch in phc tp th trc ht ti phi dy kinh nghim gii ton v mch
in khng tng minh, c nh vy th hc sinh mi c c s khai thc tip
cc dng bi tp khc v mch in. Sau khi hng dn cho hc sinh kinh
nghim ny, phn ln hc sinh thc hin bi ton l t yu cu, s t l thc
hin cha t yu cu, ch cn li mt vi hc sinh khng thc hin c. T
gy cho hc sinh nim am m, yu thch b mn vt l hn. Kt qu c th:
Kt qu
S HS kho st

HS khng thc hin

c

HS thc hin cha

t yu cu

HS thc hin t
yu cu

SL

SL

SL

7,5

22,5

28

70

40

- Kt qu trong nhng nm bi dng hc sinh gioi gn y, ti lun c hc sinh

t gii hc sinh gioi cp huyn v hc sinh c chn vo i tuyn d thi hc
sinh gioi cp tnh vi kt qu kh quan.
2/ Bi hc kinh nghim
Nh ti trnh by phn u, ti ch nghin cu trong phm vi
mch hn hp khng tng minh nhm cung cp cho hc sinh phng php gii
i vi mch in loi ny.
gip hc sinh c hng th v ny sinh tnh hung c vn khi hc
tp th gio vin c cho hc sinh gii cc bi ton v mch in hn hp tng
minh vi 2, 3 ri 4 in tr. Sau , gio vin mi a ra loi mch hn hp
khng tng minh dng n gin, khi hc sinh s bt u gp kh khn khi
16

thc hin gii, lc ny gio vin hng dn cho hc sinh phn kin thc mc 3
...mt s im lu v cng hc hc sinh tin hnh gii ri mi nng dn ln
mch hn hp khng tng minh mc t n gin n phc tp nh ti
trnh by trong ti.
Vic ti a vo th d 6 trong phn cc gii php ci tin l mun sau khi
hc sinh c lm quen vi vic chp cc im c cng in th (2 u dy
dn, kho K, ampe k... c in tr khng ng k), gio vin tip tc gii thiu
cho hc sinh dng ton v mch in c xt n vai tr, chc nng ca vn k
trong mch khi m vn k c nhng gi tr v in tr khc nhau, hoc l trn
nhnh cha vn k c mc thm cc b phn tiu th in khc vic tip thu
ca hc sinh c lin mch v c s lgc khi chuyn t dng ny sang dng
khc, sau khi hng dn cho hc sinh mi dng bi tp trn lp, cn giao thm
cc bi tp thuc dng hc sinh p dng lm nh.
y ti thy: Vi cch xt in th ti cc im tm ra nhng im
c cng in th v li mch in tng ng n gin hn, khi m hc
sinh nm vng kin thc c bn. Vi phng php ny s gip hc sinh trnh
c tm l lo s khi gp mch in loi ny, ng thi hc sinh s gii chnh
xc v n gin hn nhiu nu nguyn mch in ban u (thm ch c nhiu
mch in nu nguyn mch ban u s khng th gii c).
thc hin tt vic xt in th v li mch v phn tch mch in
th nht thit hc sinh phi c gio vin cung cp v t nm vng c
mc 3 - Mt s im lu . ( chng I Nhc li mt s kin thc c bn).
Vic phn tch mch in l rt cn thit thc hin k hoch gii ton.
Song, trong qu trnh lm bi, hc sinh ch nhp m khng cn trnh by phn
ny. Trong qu trnh hng dn hc sinh thc hin gii, ti trnh by thnh 2
bc:
Bc 1:

Nhn xt

Bc 2:

Thc hin k hoch gii.

Trong bi lm, hc sinh ch cn trnh by t bc 2, phn thc hin k hoch

gii.
17

 kt qu c chnh xc v sai s l thp nht th cc php tnh nn

bin i biu thc ch, ch thay gi tr bng s vo cc i lng biu thc
cui cng, sau kim tra li kt qu xem c ph hp vi iu kin bi ton v
thc t khng.
Mong rng, ti ny s gip hc sinh gii ton vt l phn mch in
hn hp khng tng minh c tt hn nhm gp phn nng cao hiu qu, cht
lng dy v hc vt l cp THCS.
Trong qu trnh bin son ti, chc chn l khng th trnh khoi thiu
st m c th bn thn ti cha pht hin ra. ni dung v hnh thc ti
thm phong ph, ti rt mong c s ng gp kin ca cc HKH, ca bn
c v ng nghip. Ti xin chn thnh cm n !

MC LC
Ni dung
Phn I - t vn

Trang
1-2

Phn II Cc gii php ci tin

Chng I - Nhc li mt s kin thc c bn

34

Chng II - Mch in hn hp khng tng minh

18

1 - Nhn xt chung v mch hn hp khng tng minh

2 - Cc th d c th

+ Bi tp th d 1

56

+ Bi tp th d 2

68

+ Bi tp th d 3

89

+ Bi tp th d 4

9 10

+ Bi tp th d 5

10 12

+ Bi tp th d 6

12 - 14

3 Cc bi tp p dng

15

Phn III - Kt qu t c v bi hc kinh nghim

16

1 - Kt qu t c

16

2 Bi hc kinh nghim

16 - 18

19