EC 544

Antenna Theory and Design

4 Credits (3 + 1)
CWS: 25
2 Quizzes:

MTE: 25
10

Assignment: 15

ETE: 50

Books:

Sl.
No.

Name of Books / Authors

Year of
Publication

1.

Balanis, C.A., Antenna Theory and Design, 3rd Ed.,

John Wiley & Sons.

2005

2.

Stutzman, W.L. and Thiele, H.A., Antenna Theory and

Design, 2nd Ed., John Wiley & Sons.

1998

3.

Elliot, R.S., Antenna Theory and Design, Revised

edition, Wiley-IEEE Press.

2003

4.

Garg, R., Bhartia, P., Bahl, I. and Ittipiboon, A.,

Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook, Artech House.

2001

Antennas
Antennas can be thought of
as
a
"transducer, that converts radio waves into
electrical currents and voltages and vice
versa
- The human eye can detect EM waves in the
visible region

Spacecraft antennas

Antenna System Components

Transmitter antenna
Receiver antenna
Duplexer
Transmission lines
Combiner
Isolator
other

Some Facts
Antenna Radiation Pattern
Same radiation pattern and gain for transmitting and
receiving antenna

Transceiver
Transmitter and receiver electronics housed in a single
unit
Usually use a single antenna for both

Impedance Match
- Must be taken care of to reduce reflections between
cables and inputs of antennas.

Antenna Types

Isotropic Radiation Pattern

Characteristics
Completely non-directional antenna
Radiates and receives equally well in all directions
- Radiation pattern is spherical

Exists only as a mathematical concept

Used as a reference

Radiation Pattern of Half-wave

Dipole Antenna

3-D view

Vertical section

Horizontal section

Folded Dipole Antenna

Beam

Driven element
length =
Reflector
length 2 + 5%

Folded dipole antenna

Radiation pattern

Loop Antenna

Loop antenna

Radiation pattern in
horizontal plane

Wide-Band Antennas

Fractal Antenna Design

- Similar to Bowtie antenna but more elements

- Wide flare angle, Broadband (1.1GHz - 1.5GHz)
- Dipole-like radiation pattern in all over the bandwidth.

g=19.4cm

SEM Photograph of an Array of Various Antenna Structures.

Signal Coverage Problems

Interference

Multipath condition

Co-Channel Interference

Advanced Antenna Systems

Are expensive
Increase cell coverage and capacity without
building additional sites
Examples
Multi-beam antenna systems
Smart antenna systems

Smart Antennas
Satellite

Helical and whip antennas for dual band applications

A meander antenna