FINITE ELEMENT METHOD AND BOUNDARY

ELEMENT METHODS
Data Book
(Subject code: 08ED07)

Department of Engineering Design

Government College of Technology
Coimbatore

(This Data Book contains page number 1 to 10)

Professor of Mechanical engineering

Contents

Page number

Solutions of equations
1. Variational method
Ritz method
2. Weighted Residual method
Collocation method
Subdomain method
Least square method
Galerkins method
II.

Elements
1. Bar element
2. Beam element
3. Solid element
4. Higher order element

Solution of Equations
1. Variational method:
Ritz Method:
x2

f ( y , y ' , y ' ' )dx

x1

=U+P
= Potential energy
y = Polynomial or Trigonometric functions
U= Strain energy
P= Work done by external force

2. Weighted Residual method:

wi R ( x ; a1 , a2 ,a 3 , .. , an ) dx=0
D

R ( x ; a 1 , a2 , a3 , .. , a n) =0

y=

f ( x ; a1 , a2 ,a 3 , .. , an )
wi = weighting function
D = domain
R = Residual

SHAPE FUNCTIONS:

1. Linear element:
e =N i i + N j j

N i=

x ix
x jx

N i=

xx i
x jx i

2. Triangular element:
e =N i i + N j j+ N k k
N i=

1
1
1
( ai + x b i+ y c i )N j=
a j+ x b j + y c j ) N k =
(
( a + x b k+ y c k )
2A
2A
2A k

ai= x j y k x k y j

bi=( y j y k )

c i=( x jx k )

a j=x k y ix i y k

b j=( y k y i )

c j =( x k x i )

ak =xi y j x j y i

bk =( y i y j )

c k =(x ix j )

[ ]

1
2 A= 1
1

xi
xj
xk

yi
yj
yk

3. Bilinear element;
e =N i i +N j j+ N k k + N m m
N i=(1

s
t
)(1 )
2b
2a

N m=(1

s t
)
2b 2a

N j=

st
4 ab

N k=

s
t
(1 )
2b
2a

4. Six node element:

N 1= ( 21 )

N 2= ( 2 1 )

N 4 =4

N 3= (2 1 )

N 5=4

N 6=4

5. Eight node element:

N 1=

( 1 )( 1 )( 1+ + )
4

N 2=

( 1+ ) ( 1 )( 1+ )
4

N 3=

(1+ ) ( 1+ ) (1)
4

N4=

( 1 ) ( 1+ ) (1+)
4

N 6=

( 1+ ) ( 12 )
2

N 8=

( 1 ) ( 1 2)
2

N 5=

( 12 ) ( 1 )

N 7=

( 12 ) ( 1+ )
2

6. Nine node element:

L1 ( ) =
L1 =

(1 )
2

(1)
2

N 1=L1 ( )L1

L2 ( )= (1 ) (1+)
L2 ( )=( 1 )(1+ )

N 2=L3 ( )L1

L3 ( ) =
L3 ( ) =

(1+ )
2

(1+)
2

N 3=L3 ( )L3

N 4 =L1 ( )L3

N 5=L2 ( )L1

N 6=L3 ( )L2

N 7=L2 ( )L3

N 8=L1 ( )L2

N 9=L3 ( )L2

SOLID MECHANICS:

Governing equations:
d
du
EA
+ A=0
dx
dx

. Governing equations

[ K ][ Q ] =[F ]

Global stiffness matrix equations

1. One Dimensional element:

{ [

]} { }

q1 Ale 1
=
+Q
2 1
q2

EA 1 1
l e 1 1

[]

E
[1 1 ] q i
e
qj
l

()

Reaction

Ri= i Ai

If temperature effects are included, then

{ [

]} { }

EA 1 1
e
l 1 1

q1
=EA T 1 +Q
1
q2

( )

[]

E
[1 1 ] qi E T
e
qj
l

2. Trusses;
2

lm l 2 lm m2
l m2

l2

EA 2
e
K = e [ m ]
l

l=

x2 x1
l

m=

y 2 y 1
l

e
2
` l = ( x2 x1 ) +( y 2 y 1 )

[]

qi
q
E
= e [ l m l m ] j
qk
l
qm