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7 BV Mathmatic All Chapter PDF
7 BV Mathmatic All Chapter PDF
7 BV Mathmatic All Chapter PDF
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gvawgK wkvi AbZg weeP welq|
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cwigvwRZ GB wkvg RvZxq Av`k, j, Dk I mgKvjxb Pvwn`vi cwZdjb NUvbv nqQ, mB mv_
wkv_x`i eqm, gav I MnY gZv Abyhvqx wkLbdj wbaviY Kiv nqQ| GQvov wkv_xi bwZK I
gvbweK g~jeva _K i Ki BwZnvm I HwZn PZbv, gnvb gywhyi PZbv, wk-mvwnZ-mswZeva,
`kcgeva, cKwZ-PZbv Ges ag-eY-Mv I bvix-cyil wbwekl mevi cwZ mgghv`veva RvMZ Kivi
Pv Kiv nqQ| GKwU wevbgb RvwZ MVbi Rb Rxebi cwZwU wevbi ^ZtZ cqvM I
wWwRUvj evsjv`ki i~cK-2021 Gi j evevqb wkv_x`i mg Ki Zvjvi Pv Kiv nqQ|
bZzb GB wkvgi AvjvK cYxZ nqQ gvawgK ii cvq mKj cvVcyK| D cvVcyK cYqb
wkv_x`i mvg_, ceYZv I c~e AwfZvK iZi m weePbv Kiv nqQ| cvVcyKjvi welq
wbevPb I Dcvcbi wkv_xi mRbkxj cwZfvi weKvk mvabi w`K weklfve iZ `Iqv nqQ|
cwZwU Aavqi iZ wkLbdj hy Ki wkv_xi AwRZe vbi BwZ c`vb Kiv nqQ Ges wewP KvR,
mRbkxj ck I Abvb ck mshvRb Ki g~jvqbK mRbkxj Kiv nqQ|
GKwesk kZKi GB hyM vb-wevbi weKvk MwYZi f~wgKv AZxe iZc~Y| ay ZvB bq, ewMZ Rxeb
_K i Ki cvwievwiK I mvgvwRK Rxebi MwYZi cqvM AbK eoQ| GB me welq weePbvq iL
wbggvawgK chvq bZzb MvwYwZK welq wkv_x DchvMx I Avb``vqK Ki Zvjvi Rb MwYZK mnR I
my`ifve Dcvcb Kiv nqQ Ges ek wKQ~ bZzb MvwYwZK welq Af~ Kiv nqQ|
GKwesk kZKi AxKvi I cZqK mvgb iL cwigvwRZ wkvgi AvjvK cvVcyKwU iwPZ
nqQ| KvRB cvVcyKwUi AviI mgwmvabi Rb hKvbv MVbg~jK I hywmZ civgk iZi m
weewPZ ne| cvVcyK cYqbi wecyj Kghi ga AwZ ^ mgqi ga cyKwU iwPZ nqQ| dj
wKQz fyjwU _K hZ cvi| cieZx msiYjvZ cvVcyKwUK AviI my`i, kvfb I wUgy Kivi
Pv AevnZ, _vKe| evbvbi AbymZ nqQ evsjv GKvWgx KZK cYxZ evbvbixwZ|
cvVcyKwU iPbv, mv`bv, wPvb, bgybv ckvw` cYqb I cKvkbvi KvR hviv AvwiKfve gav I kg
w`qQb Zuv`i abev` vcb KiwQ| cvVcyKwU wkv_x`i Avbw`Z cvV I cZvwkZ `Zv ARb wbwZ
Kie ej Avkv Kwi|
cdmi gvt gvdv KvgvjDwb
Pqvigvb
RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW, XvKv
m~wPc
Aavqi
c_g
Aavqi wkivbvg
g~j` I Ag~j` msLv
cv
1-15
wZxq
mgvbycvZ I jvf-wZ
16-34
ZZxq
cwigvc
35-43
PZz_
44-61
cg
62-79
exRMwYZxq fMvsk
80-90
mg
mij mgxKiY
91-105
Ag
mgvivj mijiLv
106-112
beg
wfyR
113-129
`kg
memgZv I m`kZv
130-144
GKv`k
Z_ I Dcv
145-156
Digvjv
152-156
c_g Aavq
12 eM I eMg~j
eM GKwU AvqZ, hvi evjv cii mgvb| eMi evi `N K GKK nj eMi dj ne K
K eM GKK ev K2 eM GKK| wecixZfve, eMi dj K2 eM GKK nj, Gi cwZwU evi `N ne
K GKK|
z z z
z z z
z zwP z
wP, 9wU gvejK eMvKvi mvRvbv nqQ| mgvb `~iZ cwZwU mvwiZ 3wU Ki 3wU mvwiZ gvej
mvRvbv AvQ Ges gvU gveji msLv 3 3 = 32 = 9| GLvb, cZK mvwiZ gveji msLv Ges
mvwii msLv mgvb| ZvB wPwU eMvKwZi nqQ| dj 3 Gi eM 9 Ges 9 Gi eMg~j 3|
Kvbv msLvK mB msLv viv Y Kij h Ydj cvIqv hvq Zv H msLvi eM Ges msLvwU
Ydji eMg~j|
eMi dj (wg2)
1 1 = 1 = 12
2 2 = 4 = 22
3 3 = 9 = 32
5 5 = 25 = 5 2
7 7 = 49 = 7 2
a a = a2
1, 4, 9, 25, 49 msLvjvi ewk njv h, Gjv Kvbv c~YmsLv I Gi wbRi Ydj wnme cKvk
Kiv hvq| 1, 4, 9, 25, 49 G aibi msLv eMmsLv|
2
mvaviYfve GKwU ^vfvweK msLv m , hw` Ab GKwU ^vfvweK msLv n Gi eM n AvKvi cKvk Kiv hvq Ze
m eMmsLv| G msLvjvK c~YeMmsLv ejv nq|
eMmsLvi ag
wbPi mviwYZ 1 _K 20 msLvi eM jLv nqQ|
msLv
eMmsLv
msLv
eMmsLv
1
1
11
121
2
4
12
144
3
9
13
169
4
16
14
196
5
25
15
225
msLv
6
7
8
9
10
eMmsLv
36
49
64
81
100
msLv
16
17
18
19
20
eMmsLv
256
289
324
361
400
mviwYfz eMmsLvjvi GKKi Nii Ajv fvjvfve cheY Kwi| j Kwi h, G msLvjvi
GKK vbxq A 0, 1, 4, 5, 6 ev 9| Kvbv eMmsLvi GKK vb 2, 3, 7, ev 8 AwU bB|
KvR :
1| GKwU msLvi GKK vbxq 0, 1, 4, 5, 6, 9 njB wK msLvwU eMmsLv ne?
2| wbPi msLvjvi Kvbjv c~YeM msLv? wbYq Ki|
2062, 1057, 23453, 33333, 1068
3| cuvPwU msLv jL hvi GKK vbi A `LB Zv eMmsLv bq ej wmv bIqv hvq|
MwYZ
wbP eMgj
~ mn KqKwU c~Y eMmsLvi ZvwjKv `Iqv nj :
eMmsLv eMgj
~
eMmsLv
eMgj
~
eMmsLv
1
1
64
8
225
4
2
81
9
256
9
3
100
10
289
16
4
121
11
324
25
5
144
12
361
36
6
169
13
400
49
7
196
14
441
eMgj
~
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
4
msLv
g~j` I Ag~j`
eMg~ji wP
eMgj
~ cKvki Rb `yBwU cZxKwP eeZ nq| 25 Gi eMgj
~ evSvZ jLv nq 25 ev (25)2 |
Avgiv Rvwb, 5 5 = 25, KvRB 25 Gi eMgj
~ 5|
KvR : KqKwU msLv wbq c~Y eMmsLvi ZvwjKv Zwi Ki|
2 16
2 8
2 4
2
16 = 2 2 2 2 = (2 2) (2 2)
cwZ Rvov _K GKwU Ki YbxqK wbq cvB 2 2 = 4
16 Gi eMgj
~ = 16 = 4
Avevi, 36 = 6 6 = 62
36 Gi eMgj
~ 6
2 36
2 18
3 9
3
2 392
2 196
2 98
7 49
7
MwYZ
GLvb, 3136
=22222277
= (2 2) (2 2) (2 2) (7 7)
3136 Gi eMgj
~ =
3136 = 2 2 2 7 = 56
23 04
23 04
23 04
23 04 4
16
23 04 4
16
7
23 04 4
16
7 04
23 04 4
16
8 7 04
23 04 48
16
88 7 04
7 04
0
2304 = 48
3 16 84 178
1
27 216
189
348 2784
2784
0
31684 Gi eMgj
~ = 31684 = 178
wbYq eMgj
~ 178|
KvR : fvMi mvnvh 1444 Ges 10404 Gi eMg~j wbYq Ki|
MwYZ
7
o
hgb,
D`vniY 4| 8655 _K Kvb z`Zg msLv weqvM Kij weqvMdj GKwU c~Ym
sLv ne?
86 55 93
mgvavb :
81
183
5 55
5 49
6
GLvb, 8655 Gi eMgj
~ fvMi mvnvh wbYq KiZ wMq 6 Aewk _vK|
myZivs c` msLv _K 6 ev` w`j cv msLvwU c~Y eMmsLv ne|
wbYq z`Z
g msLv 6
65 12 01 806
mgvavb :
1606
64
1 12 01
96 36
15 65
Abykxjbx 11
1|
2|
(M) 1521
(N) 11025
(M) 3969
(N) 10404
3|
4|
5|
6| 5605 Gi mv_ Kvb z`Zg msLv hvM Kij hvMdj GKwU c~Y eMmsLv ne?
MwYZ
26 52 25 515
mgvavb :
25
101 1 52
1 01
1025
51 25
51 25
wbYq eMgj
~ = 515
wbYq eMgj
~ = 0054
9 25 30 00 00 30418
mgvavb :
9
604
25 30
24 16
6081
1 14 00
60 81
60828
53 19 00
48 66 24
4 52 76
wbYq eMgj
~ = 3042 (cvq)
`e : Dcii eMg~ j `kwgKi ci PZz_ AwU 8 nIqvq ZZxq AwUi mv_ 1 hvM Ki wbYq eMg~ ji
10
15 c~YeM fMvsk
25
50
K jwN AvKvi wjL cvB
32
16
25
25
fMvski je 25 GKwU c~Y eMmsLv Ges ni 16 GKwU c~Y eMmsLv| myZivs
GKwU c~YeM
GLvb,
16
16
fMvsk|
Kvbv fMvski je I ni c~Y eMmsLv ev fMvskK jwN AvKvi cwiYZ Kij hw` Zvi je I ni c~Y
eMmsLv nq, Ze H fMvskK c~YeM fMvsk ejv nq|
16 fMvski eMg~j
fMvski jei eMgj
~ K nii eMgj
~ viv fvM Kij fMvski eMgj
~ cvIqv hvq| ni hw` c~Y eMmsLv bv
nq, Ze Yb viv GK c~Ye M Ki wbZ nq|
D`vniY 4|
64
Gi eMgj
~ wbYq Ki|
81
64 8
64
Gi eMgj
~ =
=
81 9
81
8
wbYq eMgj
~ =
9
9
Gi eMgj
~ wbYq Ki|
D`vniY 5| 52
16
9
9
mgvavb : 52
Gi eMgj
~ = 52
=
16
16
9
1
52
Gi eMgj
~ =7
16
4
841 29
1
=
=7
16
4
4
MwYZ
11
D`vniY 6| 2
mgvavb : 2
8
Gi eMgj
~
15
= 2
8
Gi eMgj
~ wZb `kwgK vb ch wbYq Ki|
15
8
=
15
38
=
15
38 15
15 15
570 23 8747
= 15916 (cvq)
=
225
15
wZb `kwgK vb ch eMgj
~ = 1592 (cvq)
KvR : 1| 27
2| 1
46
Gi eMg~j wbYq Ki|
49
4
Gi eMg~j `yB `kwgK vb ch wbYq Ki|
5
j Kwi : 2 , 3 , 5 , 6, ........... BZvw` Ag~j` msLv Ges 2,3,5,6, .......... BZvw` c~Y eMmsLv
bq| myZivs c~Y eMmsLv bq Gic msLvi eMgj
~ Ag~j` msLv|
12
D`vniY 7| 0 12, 25 , 72 ,
mgvavb : GLvb, 0 12 =
4 49
,
msLvjv _K Ag~j` msLv evQvB Ki|
9 7
12
3
=
; hv GKwU fMvsk msLv
100 25
Ges
49
72 7
=
= = 1 ; hv GKwU ^vfvweK msLv|
7
7
7
0 12, 25 ,
49
g~j` msLv Ges
7
1
4
,
KvR : 1 ,
2 25
72 Ag~j` msLv|
27
, 1 0563, 32 , 121 msLvjv _K g~j` I Ag~j` msLv ei Ki|
16
0 1 2 3 4 5
Dcii msLviLvwUZ Mvp wPwZ AskwU 2 wb`k Ki|
Avevi,
0
1
2
Dcii msLviLvwUZ Mvp wPwZ AskwUi Aevb 1 I 2 gvS| Mvp wPwZ AskUyKz 4 fvMi 3 Ask|
3
3
myZivs wPwZ AskwU 1 + ev 1 wb`k Ki|
4
4
Ag~j` msLvi msLviLv :
3 GKwU Ag~j` msLv hLvb, 3 = 1 732 ......... = 1 7 (cvq)|
Gevi msLviLvq 1 I 2 Gi gvSi AskK mgvb 10 Ask fvM Ki mg AskwU Mvp Kwi hv cvq 1.7 Z_v
3 wb`k Ki|
0
MwYZ
13
D`vniY 8| Kvbv evMvb 1296wU AvgMvQ AvQ| evMvbi `N I ci Dfq w`Ki cZK mvwiZ mgvb
msLK AvgMvQ _vKj cZK mvwiZ MvQi msLv wbYq Ki|
mgvavb : evMvbi `N I ci Dfq w`Ki cZK mvwiZ mgvb msLK AvgMvQ AvQ|
cZK mvwiZ AvgMvQi msLv ne 1296 Gi eMg~j|
GLb,
12 96 36
9
66
3 96
3 96
0
wbYq AvgMvQi msLv 36 wU|
D`vniY 9| GKwU vDU `jK 9, 10, Ges 12 mvwiZ mvRvbv hvq| Avevi Zv`i eMvKviI mvRvbv hvq|
H vDU `j Kgc KZRb vDU iqQ|
mgvavb : vDU `jK 9, 10 Ges 12 mvwiZ mvRvbv hvq| dj vDU Gi msLv 9, 10 Ges 12 viv
wefvR| Gic z`Zg msLv ne 9, 10 Ges 12 Gi j.mv..|
GLvb,
2 9, 10, 12
3 9, 5, 6
3, 5, 2
9, 10 Ges 12 Gi j.mv.. = 2 2 3 3 5 = (2 2) (3 3) 5
cv j.mv.. (2 2) (3 3) 5 K eMvKvi mvRvbv hvq bv|
(2 2) (3 3) 5 K eMmsLv KiZ nj Kgc 5 viv Y KiZ ne|
14
Abykxjbx 12
1|
289
Gi eMgj
~ KZ?
361
(K)
2|
13
19
(L)
17
19
(M)
19
13
(N)
19
17
(L) 1005
(M) 105
(N) 005
(M) 11
(N) 13
(L) 9
(3) `yBwU msLvi ga KvbwUi eM _K 25 weqvM Kij weqvMdj GKwU c~Y eMmsLv ne?
(K) eowU
4|
(L) QvUwU
(M) DfqwU
(N) GKwUI bv
wbPi Z_jv j Ki :
i. 00001 Gi eMg~j 001
iii.
ii.
16
GKwU c~YeM fMvsk
225
(L) ii I iii
(M) i I iii
(N) i, ii I iii
GKRb KlK evMvb Kivi Rb 595wU PvivMvQ wKb Avbb| cZKwU PvivMvQi g~j 12 UvKv|
(K) PvivMvQjv wKbZ Zuvi KZ LiP nqQ?
(L) evMvb cZK mvwiZ mgvb msLK MvQ jvMvbvi ci KqwU PvivMvQ Aewk _vKe?
(M) LiPi UvKvi msLv I PvivMvQi msLvi weqvMdji mv_ Kvb z`Zg msLv hvM Kij
hvMdj GKwU c~Y eMmsLv ne?
MwYZ
6|
15
eMg~j wbYq Ki :
(K) 036
(L) 225
(O) 0000576
7|
8|
(N) 6411024
(P) 144841225
9|
(M) 00049
1
64
(L)
49
121
(M) 11
97
144
(N) 32
241
324
6
7
(L) 2
5
6
(M) 7
9
13
10| 56728 Rb mb _K Kgc KZRb mb mwiq ivLj ev Zv`i mv_ Kgc Avi KZRb mb
hvM w`j mb`jK eMvKvi mvRvbv hve?
11| Kvbv we`vjqi 2704 Rb wkv_xK cvZwnK mgvek Kivi Rb eMvKvi mvRvbv njv| cZK
mvwiZ wkv_xi msLv wbYq Ki|
12| GKwU mgevq mwgwZi hZRb m`m wQj cZK ZZ 20 UvKv Ki Puv`v `Iqvq gvU 20480 UvKv
njv | H mwgwZi m`mmsLv wbYq Ki|
13| Kvbv evMvb 1800 wU PvivMvQ eMvKvi jvMvZ wMq 36wU MvQ ewk njv| cZK mvwiZ
PvivMvQi msLv wbYq Ki|
14| Kvb z`Zg c~Y eMmsLv 9, 15 Ges 25 viv wefvR?
15| GKwU avbZi avb KvUZ kwgK bIqv njv| cZK kwgKi `wbK gRywi Zv`i msLvi 10 Y|
`wbK gvU gRywi 6250 UvKv nj kwgKi msLv ei Ki|
16| `yBwU wgK msLvi eMi Ai 37 nj, msLv `yBwU wbYq Ki|
17| Ggb `yBwU z`Zg wgK msLv wbYq Ki hv`i eMi Ai GKwU c~Y eMmsLv|
18| GKwU mb`jK 5,6,9 mvwiZ mvRvbv hvq, wK eMvKvi mvRvbv hvq bv|
(K) 6 Gi YbxqKjv ei Ki|
(L) mbmsLvK Kvb z`Zg msLv viv Y Kij mbmsLvK eMvKvi mvRvbv hve?
(M) H `j Kgc KZRb mb hvM w`j mb`jK eMvKvi mvRvbv hve?
wZxq Aavq
mgvbycvZ I jvf-wZ
Avgiv `bw`b Rxeb AbK mgmvi myLxb nB Ges G mKj mgmv AbycvZ I mgvbycvZi aviYv I evLv
eenvi Ki mnR mgvavb KiZ cvwi| ZvB AbycvZ I mgvbycvZ m^ aviYv _vKv I cqvMi `Zv ARb
Kiv wkv_x`i Rb AvekKxq| Abyicfve Avgv`i `bw`b Rxeb AbKLvwb RvqMv Ryo AvQ jb`b,
hvi mv_ RwoZ jvf-wZ| G cwZ jvf-wZ m^ wkv_xi cwivi vb _vKv Acwinvh| ZvB G
Aavq AbycvZ-mgvbycvZ I jvf-wZ welqK welqe wevwiZfve Dcvcb Kiv nqQ|
Aavq kl wkv_xiv
MwYZ
17
=
=
1g AbycvZ = 7 : 5 = 7 8 : 5 8
= 56 : 40
7
5
7 8
56
5 8
40
= 56 : 40
2q AbycvZ
2q AbycvZ
=8:9=85:95
= 40 : 45
=8:9
=
=
8
9
85
40
45
9 5
= 40 : 45
23 : 11 Ges 7 : 13
3|
19 : 25 Ges 9 : 17
22 mgvbycvZ
gb Kwi, mvnvM Kvbv `vKvb _K 10 UvKv w`q GKwU wPcmi cvKU Ges 25 UvKv w`q 1 KwR jeY
wKbjv| GLvb jeY I wPcm& Gi `vgi AbycvZ = 25 : 10 ev 5 : 2|
Avevi, mvnvM`i kwYZ wkv_xi msLv 70| G`i ga Qv 50 Rb Ges Qvx 20 Rb| GLvb Qv I
QvxmsLvi AbycvZ = 50 : 20 ev 5 : 2| Dfq AbycvZ `yBwU mgvb |
AZGi , Avgiv ejZ cvwi, 25 : 10 = 50 : 20| GB AbycvZ 4wU ivwk AvQ|
Gi ga 1g ivwk 25, 2q ivwk 10, 3q ivwk 50 Ges 4_ ivwk 20 wnme weePbv Kij Avgiv wjLZ
cvwi, 1g ivwk : 2q ivwk = 3q ivwk : 4_ ivwk|
PviwU ivwki 1g I 2q ivwki AbycvZ Ges 3q I 4_ ivwki AbycvZ cii mgvb nj, ivwk PviwU GKwU
mgvbycvZ Zwi Ki| mgvbycvZi cZK ivwkK mgvbycvZx ej|
18
mgvbycvZ I jvf-wZ
3q ivwk
4_ ivwk
j Kwi, mgvbycvZ hw` 2q ivwk I 3q ivwk mgvb nq, Ze 1g ivwk 4_ ivwk = (2q ivwk)2
mgvbycvZi 1g I 4_ ivwkK cvxq ivwk ej |
mgvbycvZi 2q I 3q ivwkK ga ivwk ej |
D`vniY 2| 3, 6,7 Gi 4_ mgvbycvZx wbYq Ki|
mgvavb : GLvb 1g ivwk 3, 2q ivwk 6, 3q ivwk 7
ev, 4_ ivwk
6 7
ev, 14
31
wbYq 4_ mgvbycvwZK 14
D`vniY 3| 8, 7 Ges 14 Gi 3q ivwk wbYq Ki|
mgvavb : GLvb 1g ivwk 8, 2q ivwk 7 Ges 4_ ivwk 14
8 14 = 7 3q ivwk
3q ivwk
8 142
=
71
= 16
MwYZ
19
KvR :
wbPi Lvwj Ni c~iY Ki
(K)
: 9 :: 16 : 8
(L) 9 : 18 :: 25 :
wgK mgvbycvZ
gb Kwi, 5 UvKv, 10 UvKv I 20 UvKv GB wZbwU ivwk viv 5 : 10 Ges 10 : 20 GB `yBwU AbycvZ
bIqv njv| GLvb, 5 : 10 :: 10 : 20| G aibi mgvbycvZK wgK mgvbycvZ ej| 5 UvKv, 10 UvKv I
20 UvKvK wgK mgvbycvZx ej|
wZbwU ivwki 1g I 2q ivwki AbycvZ Ges 2q I 3q ivwki AbycvZ cii mgvb nj, mgvbycvZwUK wgK
mgvbycvZ ej| ivwk wZbwUK wgK mgvbycvZx ej| K : L :: L : M mgvbycvZwUi wZbwU ivwk K, L, M
K
L
=
ev K M = (L)2 ne| A_vr, 1g I 3q ivwki Ydj wZxq ivwki eMi
wgK mgvbycvZx nj,
L
M
mgvb|
j Kwi :
y 2q ivwkK 1g I 3q ivwki ga mgvbycvZx ev ga ivwk ej|
y wgK mgvbycvZi wZbwU ivwkB mgRvZxq|
D`vniY 4| GKwU wgK mgvbycvZi 1g I 3q ivwk h_vg 4 I 16 nj, ga mgvbycvZx I wgK
mgvbycvZ wbYq Ki|
mgvavb : Avgiv Rvwb, 1g ivwk 3q ivwk = (2q ivwk)2
GLvb, 1g ivwk = 4 Ges 3q ivwk = 16
4 16 = (ga ivwk)2
(ga ivwk)2 = 64
ga ivwk = 64 = 8
wbYq wgK mgvbycvZ 4 : 8 :: 8 : 16 Ges wbYq ga mgvbycvZx 8
ivwkK
Avgiv Rvwb, 1g ivwk 4_ ivwk = 2q ivwk 3q ivwk
gb Kwi,
1g, 2q I 3q ivwk h_vg 9, 18, 20|
Ze, 9 4_ ivwk = 18 20
4_ ivwk =
2 18 20
91
= 40
4_ ivwk = 40
Gfve mgvbycvZi wZbwU ivwk Rvbv _vKj 4_ ivwk wbYq Kiv hvq| GB 4_ ivwk wbYq Kivi cwZK
ivwkK ej|
20
mgvbycvZ I jvf-wZ
D`vniY 5| 5wU LvZvi `vg 200 UvKv nj, 7wU LvZvi `vg KZ?
mgvavb : GLvb LvZvi msLv evoj `vgI evoe|
A_vr, LvZvi msLvi AbycvZ = LvZvi `vgi AbycvZ
5 : 7 = 200 UvKv : 7wU LvZvi `vg
ev,
5
200 UvKv
=
7 7wU LvZvi `vg
40
7 200 UvKv
ev, 7wU LvZvi `vg =
= 280 UvKv|
5
1
D`vniY 6| 12 Rb jvK GKwU KvR 9 w`b KiZ cvi| GKB nvi KvR Kij 18 Rb KvRwU KZ w`b
KiZ cvie?
mgvavb : j Kwi, jvKmsLv evoj mgq Kg jvMe, Avevi jvKmsLv Kgj mgq ewk jvMe|
12 2
wbYq mgq
=
ev,
9 w`b
18 3
ev, wbYq mgq =
mgvbycvwZK fvM
2 93
w`b = 6 w`b
31
3
Ask = 300 UvKv
5
2
Ges 2q fvM = 500 UvKvi
Ask = 200 UvKv|
5
1g fvM = 500 UvKvi
GKwU c` ivwkK GKvwaK wbw` msLvi AbycvZ wef KivK mgvbycvwZK fvM ej|
D`vniY 7| 20 wgUvi KvcoK wZb fvBevb AwgZ, mywgZ I PwZi ga 5 : 3 : 2 AbycvZ fvM Kij
cZKi Kvcoi cwigvY KZ ?
MwYZ
21
5
Ask = 10 wgUvi
10
3
Ask = 6 wgUvi
mywgZi Ask = 20 wgUvii
10
2
Ask = 4 wgUvi
Ges PwZi Ask = 20 wgUvii
10
2|
4800 UvKv Avqkv, wdivRv I Lvw`Rvi ga 4 : 3 : 1 AbycvZ fvM Ki w`j K KZ UvKv cve ?
3|
wZbRb Qvi ga 570 UvKv Zv`i eqmi AbycvZ fvM Ki `Iqv njv| Zv`i eqm h_vg 10, 13
I 15 eQi nj, K KZ UvKv cve?
D`vniY 8| cwbi I Zcbi Avqi AbycvZ 4 : 3| Zcb I iwebi Avqi AbycvZ 5 : 4| cwbii Avq
120 UvKv nj, iwebi Avq KZ?
mgvavb : cwbi I Zcbi Avqi AbycvZ 4 : 3 =
4 4 5 20
=
=
= 20 : 15
3 3 5 15
5 5 3 15
=
=
= 15 : 12
4 4 3 12
cwbii Avq
iwebi Avq
20
12
6 120 12
201
UvKv ev 72 UvKv|
22
mgvbycvZ I jvf-wZ
Abykxjbx 21
1|
2|
wbPi wgK mgvbycvZi cvxq ivwk `yBwU `Iqv AvQ| mgvbycvZ Zwi Ki :
(K) 6, 24
3|
(M) 16, 49
(N)
5 2
,1
7 5
k~bvb c~iY Ki :
(K) 11 : 25 ::
(N)
4|
(L) 25, 81
1 1
:
::
3 5
: 50
:
7
10
(L) 7 :
(O)
1
,4
2
:: 8 : 64 (M) 25 : 50 :: 7 :
: 125 :: 5 : 25
(O) 5, 45, 7
5|
15 KwR Pvji `vg 600 UvKv nj, Gic 25 KwR Pvji `vg KZ ?
6|
GKwU MvgUm dvwiZ `wbK 550 wU kvU Zwi nq | H dvwiZ GKB nvi 1 mvn KZwU kvU
Zwi nq ?
7|
Kwei mvnei wZb cyi eqm h_vg 5 eQi, 7 eQi I 9 eQi | wZwb 4200 UvKv wZb cyK
Zv`i eqm AbycvZ fvM Ki w`jb, K KZ UvKv cve ?
8|
2160 UvKv iwg, Rmwgb I KvKwji ga 1 : 2 : 3 AbycvZ fvM Ki w`j K KZ UvKv cve?
9|
wKQy UvKv jvwee, mvwg I wmqvg Gi ga 5 : 4 : 2 AbycvZ fvM Ki `Iqv njv| wmqvg 180 UvKv
cj jvwee I mvwg KZ UvKv cve wbYq Ki |
MwYZ
23
10| meyR, Wvwjg I wjsKb wZb fvB| Zv`i wcZv 6300 UvKv Zv`i ga fvM Ki w`jb| GZ meyR
3
Wvwjgi
Ask Ges Wvwjg wjsKbi wY UvKv cvq| cZKi UvKvi cwigvY ei Ki|
5
11| Zvgv, `v I icv wgwkq GK iKgi Mnbv Zwi Kiv njv| H Mnbvq Zvgv I `vi AbycvZ 1 : 2
Ges `v I icvi AbycvZ 3 : 5 | 19 Mvg IRbi Mnbvq KZ Mvg icv AvQ?
12| `yBwU mgvb gvci Mvm kieZ c~Y AvQ| H kieZ cvwb I wmivci AbycvZ h_vg c_g Mvm 3 :
2 I wZxq Mvm 5 : 4 | H `yBwU Mvmi kieZ GK wgkY Kij cvwb I wmivci AbycvZ wbYq
Ki |
13| K : L = 4 : 7, L : M = 10 : 7 nj, K : L : M wbYq Ki|
14| 9600 UvKv mviv, gvBgybv I ivBmvi ga 4 : 3 : 1 AbycvZ fvM Ki w`j K KZ UvKv cve ?
15| wZbRb Qvi ga 4200 UvKv Zv`i kwY AbycvZ fvM Ki `Iqv njv| Zviv hw` h_vg 6,
7g I 8g kwYi wkv_x nq, Ze K KZ UvKv cve ?
16| mvjvqgvb I mvjgvbi Avqi AbycvZ 5 : 7| mvjgvb I BDmydi Avqi AbycvZ 4 : 5|
mvjvqgvbi Avq 120 UvKv nj BDmydi Avq KZ?
23 jvf-wZ
GKRb `vKvb`vi 1 WRb ejcb 60 UvKvq q Ki 72 UvKvq weq Kijb| GLvb `vKvb`vi 12wU
ejcb 60 UvKvq q Kijb| dj 1wU ejcbi qg~j
72 UvKvq weq Kijb| dj 1wU ejcbi weqg~j
1wU ejcbi qg~j 5 UvKv I weqg~j 6 UvKv|
60
UvKv ev 5 UvKv| Avevi wZwb 12wU ejcb
12
72
UvKv ev 6 UvKv|
12
Kvbv wRwbm h g~j q Kiv nq, ZvK qg~j Ges h g~j weq Kiv nq, ZvK weqg~j ej|
qg~ji Pq weqg~j ewk nj, jvf nq|
jvf = weqg~j qg~j = 6 UvKv 5 UvKv ev 1 UvKv|
GLvb `vKvb`vi cwZwU ejcb 1 UvKv Ki jvf Kijb|
Avevi gb Kwi, GKRb KjvweZv 1 nvwj Kjv 20 UvKvq q Ki 18 UvKvq weq Kijb| qg~ji
Pq weqg~j Kg nj, wZ ev jvKmvb nq|
wZ = qg~j weqg~j = (2018) UvKv
= 2 UvKv
GLvb KjvweZv cwZ nvwjZ 2 UvKv Ki wZ Kijb|
24
mgvbycvZ I jvf-wZ
gb Kwi, GKRb Kvco eemvqx gvKUi GKwU `vKvb fvov wbq 5 Rb KgPvix wbqvM w`jb| wZwb
`vKvbi fvov, KgPvix`i eZb, `vKvbi we`yr wej I Abvb AvbylwK LiP enb Kib| G mKj LiP
Zuvi Kvcoi qg~ji mv_ hvM Kiv nq| GB hvMdjKB wewbqvM ej| hw` H Kvco eemvqx gvm
2,00,000 UvKv wewbqvM Ki gvm 2,50,000 UvKvi Kvco weq Kib, Ze Zvi (2,50,000
2,00,000) UvKv ev 50,000 UvKv jvf ne| Avevi hw` gvmkl 1,80,000 UvKvi Kvco weq Ki
_vKb Zvnj Zuvi (2,00,000 1,80,000) UvKv ev 20,000 UvKv wZ ev jvKmvb ne|
j Kwi :
y
wZ = qg~j weqg~j
ev, qg~j = weqg~j + wZ
ev, weqg~j = qg~j wZ
jvf ev wZK Avgiv kZKivq cKvk KiZ cvwi| hgb, Dcii AvjvPbvq 5 UvKvq ejcb wKb 6 UvKvq
weq Kivq 1 UvKv jvf nq|
A_vr,
1 10020
= 20 UvKv
100
51
100
wbYq wZ 10%
20
2 1005
ev 10 UvKv
201
MwYZ
25
D`vniY 9| GKRb KgjvweZv cwZkZ Kgjv 1000 UvKvq wKb 1200 UvKvq weq Kijb| Zuvi KZ
jvf njv?
mgvavb : 100wU Kgjvi qg~j 1000 UvKv
100wU weqg~j 1200
GLvb qg~ji Pq weqg~j ewk nIqvq jvf nqQ|
wZ = qg~j weqg~j
100
AZGe jvf 20%|
15
75
1 15 10020
75 5
ev 20 UvKv
26
mgvbycvZ I jvf-wZ
D`vniY 12| GKRb gvQweZv cwZ nvwj Bwjk gvQ 1600 UvKvq wKb cwZwU gvQ 350 UvKv Ki weq
Kijb| Zuvi kZKiv KZ jvf ev wZ njv ?
mgvavb : cwZ nvwj ev 4wU Bwjki `vg = 1600 UvKv
400
1600
UvKv = 400 UvKv
1wU =
41
Avevi, 1wU Bwjki weqg~j 350 UvKv
GLvb, qg~ji Pq weqg~j Kg nIqvq wZ nqQ|
wZ = qg~j weqg~j
= 400 UvKv 350 UvKv = 50 UvKv
100
50
400
25
1
5025 1001
ev
UvKv ev 12 UvKv
4004
2
2
2
1
2
wZ 12 %
D`vniY 13| GKev Avyi 2750 UvKvq weq Kivq 450 UvKv wZ njv| H Avyi 3600 UvKvq weq
Kij KZ jvf ev wZ nZv?
mgvavb : Avyii weqg~j = 2750 UvKv
wZ = 450 UvKv
qg~j = 3200 UvKv
Avevi, weqg~j = 3600 UvKv
qg~j = 3200 UvKv
jvf = 400 UvKv
MwYZ
27
5 UvKv wZ nq 1 KwRZ
1
1 500100
500
5
1
= 100 KwRZ
5
101 5 UvKv ev 505 UvKv
Avevi, 1 WRb wWgi qg~j 90 UvKv
6
(5+6) WRb ev 11 WRb wWgi qg~j (505 + 540) UvKv ev 1045 UvKv
1045
11
UvKv ev 95 UvKv
28
mgvbycvZ I jvf-wZ
450
100 UvKv
100
15
100 45030
151
= 3000 UvKv
QvMjwUi qg~j 3000 UvKv
D`vniY 17| bvwej wgwi `vKvb _K 250 UvKv `i 2 KwR m`k q Kijv| fvUi nvi 4 UvKv nj,
m`k q eve` m `vKvwbK KZ UvKv `e?
mgvavb :
(250 2) UvKv
= 500 UvKv
500
100
4 500 5
= 20 UvKv
1001
MwYZ
29
mgvavb :
12
1,51,800
10
100
1,51,8
10 1,51,800
ev 15,180 UvKv
1001
dj ZuvK mv_ Ki BDGm Wjvi wbq hZ nq| hw` 1 BDGm Wjvi = 8150 UvKv nq Ges Zuvi hw`
7000 Wjvi cqvRb nq, Ze evsjv`wk KZ UvKv jvMe?
mgvavb :
= 5,70,50000 UvKv
wbYq UvKvi cwigvY = 5,70,500 UvKv|
Abykxjbx 22
1|
GKRb `vKvb`vi cwZ wgUvi 200 UvKv `i 5 wgUvi Kvco wKb cwZ wgUvi 225 UvKv `i weq
Kij KZ jvf nqQ?
2|
GKRb KgjvweZv cwZ nvwj 60 UvKv `i 5 WRb Kgjv wKb cwZ nvwj 50 UvKv `i weq Kij
KZ wZ nqQ?
3|
iwe cwZ KwR 40 UvKv `i 50 KwR PvDj wKb 44 UvKv KwR `i weq Kij KZ jvf ev wZ
ne?
4|
cwZ wjUvi wgwfUv `ya 52 UvKvq wKb 55 UvKv `i weq Kij kZKiv KZ jvf nq?
30
mgvbycvZ I jvf-wZ
5|
cwZwU PKjU 8 UvKv wnme q Ki 850 UvKv wnme weq Ki 25 UvKv jvf njv, gvU KqwU
PKjU q Kiv nqwQj?
6|
cwZ wgUvi 125 UvKv `i Kvco q Ki 150 UvKv `i weq Kij `vKvb`vii 2000 UvKv jvf
nq| `vKvb`vi gvU KZ wgUvi Kvco q KiwQjb?
7|
GKwU `e 190 UvKvq q Ki 175 UvKvq weq Kij kZKiv KZ jvf ev &wZ ne ?
8|
25 wgUvi Kvco h g~j q Ki, mB g~j 20 wgUvi Kvco weq Kij kZKiv KZ jvf ev wZ
ne ?
9|
4
5
11| GKwU `e 400 UvKvq weq Kij hZ wZ nq 480 UvKvq weq Kij, Zvi wZbY jvf nq|
`ewUi qg~j wbYq Ki|
12| GKwU Nwo 625 UvKvq weq Kij 10% wZ nq| KZ UvKvq weq Kij 10% jvf ne ?
13| gvBkv 20 UvKv `i 15 wgUvi jvj wdZv q Kijv| fvUi nvi 4 UvKv| m `vKvwbK 500 UvKvi
GKwU bvU w`j| `vKwb ZvK KZ UvKv diZ `eb|
14| wg. ivq GKRb miKvix KgKZv| wZwb Zx_vb cwi`kbi Rb fviZ hveb| hw` evsjv`wk 1 UvKv
mgvb fviZxq 0.63 iwc nq, Ze fviZxq 3000 iwci Rb evsjv`ki KZ UvKv cqvRb ne ?
15| bxwjg GKRb PvKwiRxwe| Zuvi gvwmK g~jeZb 22,250 UvKv| evwlK gvU Avqi c_g GK j Avwk
nvRvi AvqKi 0 (k~b) UvKv| cieZx UvKvi Dci AvqKii nvi 10 UvKv nj bxwjg Ki eve` KZ
UvKv cwikva Kib?
MwYZ
31
D`vniY 20| GKwU bKv wi cvwbZ Nvq 6 wK.wg. hZ cvi| vZi cwZK~j 6 wK.wg. hZ
bKvwUi 3 Y mgq jvM| vZi AbyK~j 50 wK.wg. hZ bKvwUi KZ mgq jvMe?
mgvavb : bKvwU wi cvwbZ 6 wK.wg. hvq 1 Nvq
1
6
vZi cwZK~j 6 wK.wg. hvq 13 Nvq ev 3 Nvq
ckgZ, 3 Nvq hvq 6 wK.wg.
ev 2 wK.wg.
3
vZi cwZK~j bKvi KvhKix eM = bKvi cKZ eM vZi eM
10
1 505
50
Nvq ev 5 Nvq
10
1
vZi AbyK~j hZ 5 Nv jvMe|
D`vniY 21| GKwU cvwbi Uv 2wU bj AvQ| GKwU bj viv cvwb wfZi cek Ki Ges Ab bj viv
cvwb ei nq| 1g bjwU viv Lvwj UvwU c~Y KiZ mgq jvM 40 wgwbU Avi 2q bjwU viv cvwb c~Y UvwU
Lvwj nZ mgq jvM 50 wgwbU| GLb `yBwU bj GK Lyj w`j KZ wgwbU UvwU c~Y ne?
mgvavb : 1g bj viv UvwU 40 wgwbU cvwb c~Y nq
1
1
Ask
40
Avevi, 2q bj viv UvwU 50 wgwbU Lvwj nq
1
Ask
50
1
1
bj `yBwU GK Lyj w`j 1 wgwbU cvwb c~Y ne UvwUi Ask
40 50
54
1
=
Ask =
Ask
200
200
32
mgvbycvZ I jvf-wZ
UvwUi
200
1 200
wgwbU
1
= 200 wgwbU = 3 Nv 20 wgwbU
D`vniY 22| 60 wgUvi `xN GKwU Ubi MwZeM Nvq 48 wK.wg.| ijjvBbi cvki GKwU LuywUK
AwZg KiZ UbwUi KZ mgq jvMe ?
mgvavb : LuywUwU AwZg KiZ UbwUK wbRi `Ni mgvb `~iZ AwZg KiZ ne|
48 wK.wg. = 48 1000 wgUvi ev 48000 wgUvi
UbwU 48000 wg. AwZg Ki 1 Nvq
1
1 60 60
Nvq ev
mK
48000
48000
1 60 603 603
60
mK
8
480004
2
9
=
mK
2
1
= 4 mK
2
1
UbwU 4 mK LuywUwU AwZg Kie|
2
Abykxjbx 23
1|
2|
3|
MwYZ
4|
33
GKRb `vKvb`vi GKwU w`qvkjvB e 1.50 UvKvq q Ki 2.00 UvKvq weq Kij Zuvi kZKiv
KZ jvf ne ?
(K) 20%
(L) 15%
(M) 25%
(N) 33
1
%
3
5|
GKRb KjvweZv cwZ nvwj Kjv 25 UvKv `i q Ki cwZ nvwj 27 UvKv `i weq Kij, Zuvi
50 UvKv jvf nq| m KZ nvwj Kjv q KiwQj ?
(K) 25 nvwj
(L) 20 nvwj
(M) 50 nvwj
(N) 27 nvwj
6|
(K) Kg jvM
(L) jvf nq
(M) ewk jvM
(N) wZ nq
7|
5 Rb kwgK 6 w`b 8 weNv Rwgi dmj DVvZ cvi| 20 weNv Rwgi dmj DVvZ 25 Rb kwgKi
KZ w`b jvMe?
8|
^cb GKwU KvR 24 w`b KiZ cvi| iZb D KvR 16 w`b KiZ cvi| ^cb I iZb GK
KvRwU KZ w`b kl KiZ cvie?
9|
nvweev I nvwjgv GKwU KvR GK 20 w`b KiZ cvi| nvweev I nvwjgv GK 8 w`b KvR Kivi
ci nvweev Pj Mj| nvwjgv evwK KvR 21 w`b kl Kij| m~Y KvRwU nvwjgv KZ w`b KiZ
cviZ?
10| 30 Rb kwgK 20 w`b GKwU evwo Zwi KiZ cvi| KvR ii 10 w`b ci Lvivc AvenvIqvi Rb
6 w`b KvR e ivLZ nqQ| wbavwiZ mgq KvRwU kl KiZ AwZwi KZRb kwgK jvMe?
11| GKwU KvR K I L GK 16 w`b, L I M GK 12 w`b Ges K I M GK 20 w`b KiZ cvi|
K, L I M GK KvRwU KZ w`b KiZ cvie?
12| GKwU PevPvq `yBwU bj AvQ| c_g I wZxq bj viv h_vg 12 Nv I 18 Nvq Lvwj PevPvwU
c~Y nq| `yBwU bj GK mv_ Lyj w`j Lvwj PevPvwU KZ Nvq c~Y ne?
13| vZi AbyK~ j GKwU bKv 4 Nvq 36 wK.wg. c_ AwZg Ki| vZi eM cwZNvq 3 wK.wg.
nj, wi cvwbZ bKvi eM KZ?
34
mgvbycvZ I jvf-wZ
14| vZi cwZK~j GKwU RvnvR 11 Nvq 77 wK.wg. c_ AwZg Ki| wi cvwbZ RvnvRi MwZeM
cwZNvq 9 wK.wg. nj, vZi MwZeM cwZNvq KZ?
15| `uvo eq GKwU bKv vZi AbyK~j 15 wgwbU 3 wK.wg. Ges vZi cwZK~j 15 wgwbU 1 wK.wg.
c_ AwZg Ki| wi cvwbZ bKv I vZi MwZeM wbYq Ki|
16| GKRb KlK 5 Rvov Mi viv 8 w`b 40 ni Rwg Pvl KiZ cvib| wZwb 7 Rvov Mi viv 12
w`b KZ ni Rwg Pvl KiZ cvieb?
17| wjwj GKv GKwU KvR 10 Nvq KiZ cvib| wgwj GKv H KvRwU 8 Nvq KiZ cvib| wjwj I
wgwj GK H KvRwU KZ Nvq KiZ cvieb?
18| `yBwU bj viv GKwU Lvwj PevPv h_vg 20 wgwbU I 30 wgwbU cvwb-c~Y Kiv hvq| PevPvwU
Lvwj _vKv Aevq `yBwU bj GK mv_ Lyj `Iqv njv| c_g bjwU KLb e Kij PevPvwU 18
wgwbU cvwb-c~Y ne?
19| 100 wgUvi `xN GKwU Ubi MwZeM Nvq 48 wKjvwgUvi| H UbwU 30 mK GKwU mZz
AwZg Ki| mZzwUi `N KZ?
20| 120 wgUvi `xN GKwU Ub 330 wgUvi `xN GKwU mZz AwZg Kie| UbwUi MwZeM Nvq 30
wK.wg. nj, mZzwU AwZg KiZ UbwUi KZ mgq jvMe?
21| Rwmg mvne GKRb KUvi| wZwb 2 wK.wg. ivv 30 w`b 2 j UvKvq givgZi Rb KvR cjb|
wZwb GB KvRwU Kivi Rb 20 Rb kwgK wbqvM w`jb| wK 12 w`b ci Lvivc AvenvIqvi KviY
ZuvK 4 w`b KvR e iL evwK KvR kl KiZ njv| KvR kl `Lv Mj 2,25,000 UvKv LiP
njv| GgZvevq wbPi ckjvi Di `vI :
(K) 12 w`b ivvi kZKiv KZ Ask mb nqwQj?
(L) wbw` mgq evwK KvR Kivq AwZwi KZ Rb kwgK jMwQj?
(M) AwZwi kwgKmsLv c` kwgK msLvi kZKiv KZ?
(N) KvRwU mb Kivq Zuvi kZKiv KZ wZ njv?
ZZxq Aavq
cwigvc
`bw`b Rxeb Avgiv wewfb cKvii fvMcY eenvi Kwi hvi ga AvQ Pvj, Wvj, wPwb, jeY, djg~j,
`ya, Zj, cvwb BZvw`| eemvwqK I eenvwiK Gjvi cwigvc cqvRb nq| c~ei kwYZ Avgiv
`N, IRb, dj I mgq cwigvci aviYv cqwQ| `N ev `~iZ cwigvc Kivi Rb Avgiv GKUv wbw`
gvci `Ni mv_ Gi Zzjbv Kwi| Zij eZxZ Abvb `e IRb w`q cwigvc KiZ nq| wK Zij
c`v_i Kvbv AvKvi bB| GwU gvcvi Rb wbw` AvKvii gvcwb eenvi Kiv nq| G Aavq `N,
dj, IRb I Zij c`v_i AvqZb cwigvci wek` AvjvPbv Kiv nqQ|
Aavq kl wkv_xiv
IRb I Zij c`v_i AvqZb cwigvc Kxfve Kiv nq Zv evLv KiZ cvie Ges G mwKZ mgmv
mgvavb KiZ cvie|
IRb cwigvci wewfb cwigvcK eenvi Ki `evw`i IRb cwigvc KiZ cvie|
Zij c`v_i AvqZb cwigvci wewfb cwigvcK eenvi Ki hKvbv Zij c`v_i cwigvc KiZ
cvie|
31 `N cwigvc
Avgiv evRvi wMq Kvco, e`ywZK Zvi, iwk BZvw` wKb _vwK| GKUv wbw` gvci `Ni mv_ Zzjbv
Ki Gjv q-weq nq| Avevi evwo nZ zj, evRvi ev kb KZ `~i Zv-I Avgv`i Rvbvi cqvRb
nq| GB `~iZI Avgiv H wbw` gvci `Ni mv_ Zzjbv Ki ei Kwi| GB `NK cwigvci GKK ejv
nq|
wewUk cwZZ `N cwigvci GKK wnme MR, dzU, Bw Pvjy AvQ| eZgvb cw_exZ AwaKvsk `k
`N cwigvc wnme eeZ nQ gwUK cwZ| cw_exi Di gi _K dvi ivRavbx cvwimi `vwNgv
eivei welyeiLv ch `Ni KvwUfvMi GKfvMK 1 wgUvi wnme MY Kiv nq| gwUK cwZZ `N
cwigvci GKK nQ wgUvi|
36
cwigvc
cvwUbvg I BwiwWqvg avZzi mswgkY Zwi wgUvii Avmj bgybv cw_exi me `ki Rb Av`k ev vvW
ic MY Kiv nq| GwU dvi hv`yNi msiwZ iqQ| wewfb `ki cqvRb Av`k bgybv _K vbxq
bgybv Zwi Ki bIqv nq|
1 wgUvi = Di gi _K welyeiLv ch gvU `~iZi 1 KvwU fvMi 1 fvM
j Kwi, 1982 mvj _K evsjv`ki me `N gvcvi Rb, IRb wbYqi Rb Ges Zij c`v_i AvqZb
cwigvci Rb AvRvwZK Av`kgvb ev wmg Ae BUvibvkbvj BDwbU MnY Kiv nqQ|
`N cwigvci GKKvewj
gwUK cwZ
10 wgwjwgUvi (wg.wg.)
10 mwUwgUvi
10 WwmwgUvi
10 wgUvi
10 WKvwgUvi
10 nvwgUvi
=
=
=
=
=
=
wewUk cwZ
12 Bw
3 dzU
1760 MR
=
=
=
1 dzU
1 MR
1 gvBj
1 gvBj
1 wgUvi
3937 Bw (cvq)
1 wK. wg.
KvR : 1|
2|
3|
`bw`b Rxeb eeZ nq ev KvR jvM Ggb wKQy ei bvg Ki, hv`i `N cwigvc KiZ nq|
j w`q Zvgvi GKwU eBqi I Uweji `N I c BwZ Ges mwUwgUvi gvc| G nZ 1 Bw
mgvb KZ mwUwgUvi Zv wbYq Ki|
gvcvi wdZv w`q kwYKi `N I c cwigvc Ki|
MwYZ
37
32 dj cwigvc
dj cwigvci aviYv Avgv`i Rxeb LyeB iZcY~ | emevmi Rb Ni-evwo nZ i Ki wkv
cwZvb, nvmcvZvj, miKvwi wewfb feb BZvw` Avgv`i LyeB cqvRbxq vcbv| Gjv h Rwgi Dci
Zwi KiZ nq Zvi dj Rvbv Avgv`i GKv cqvRb| Kvbv wbw` mxgviLv viv Ave vb njv
Ges GB i cwigvcK Zvi dj ev Kvwj ej|
hKvbv i mvaviYZ `N I c _vK| G Rb dji GKK wnme GK GKK `Ni evwewk
GKwU eMi djK aiv nq| dji GKKK eM GKK jLv nq| h eMi evi `N 1
wgUvi, Zvi dj 1 eMwgUvi| Abyic 1 eMdzU, 1 eMmwUwgUvi, BZvw`I dji GKK wnme
eeZ nq|
1 m.wg.
1 m.wg.
1 GKK
1 GKK
38
cwigvc
AvqZ
dj = `N c
= lb
l
mvgvwiK
dj = f~wg DPZv
= lh
wfzR
1
f~wg DPZv
2
1
=
(b h)
2
dj =
h
b
vbxq cwZZ
1 eMBw
1 eMdzU
1 eMMR
KvR :
1| j w`q Zvgvi GKwU eBqi I covi Uweji `N mwUwgUvi gc Gi dj wbYq Ki|
2| `jMZfve Zvgiv e, Uwej, `iRv, Rvbvjv BZvw`i `N I c ji mvnvh gc dj ei Ki|
33 IRb cwigvc
cZK ei IRb AvQ| wewfb `k wewfb GKKi mvnvh e IRb Kiv nq|
=
=
=
=
MwYZ
10 WKvMvg
10 nvMvg
100 wKjvMvg (K. wR.)
1000 wKjvMvg ev 10 KzBUvj
IRb cwigvci GKK : Mvg
39
=
=
=
=
eZgvb `vMKvUv evj Gi j wWwRUvj evj eeZ nQ| GwU GKwU QvU evi gZv hvi Mvq GK
cvk msLvq Mvg IRb c`wkZ nq| Gi mvnvh `ei g~jI wbYqi eev AvQ| KviY GB evj
KvjKzjUii myweavI _vK| cwZ wKjvMvg `ei g~jgvb w`q c`wkZ msLvK KvjKzjUii wbqg Y
KijB `ei gvU g~j cvIqv hvq| G Rb GB evj eenvi Kiv myweavRbK| Ze ewk cwigvY `e
IRb KiZ GLbI `uvwocvjv eenvi Kiv nq|
40
cwigvc
KvR : `jxqfve `uvwocvjv A_ev wWwRUvj evj eenvi Ki j, cyK, wUwdbei IRb cwigvc Ki
gwUK cwZZ jL|
1 1
, , 1, 2, 3, 4, .... BZvw` wjUvi wewk
4 2
Gjywgwbqvg ev wUb wkU viv Zwi GK cKvii KvbK AvKwZi cv ev wmwjvi AvKwZi gM| Avevi ^Q
KuvPi Zwi 25, 50, 100, 200, 300, 500, 1000 wgwjwjUvi `vMKvUv Lvov cvI eenvi Kiv nq|
mvaviYZ `ya I Zj gvcvi DwjwLZ cvjv eenvi Kiv nq|
1 wjUvi gvcwb
1 wjUvi`vM KvUv gM
wP
1 Mvjb
1 wjUvi evZj
5 wjUvi evZj
wP
MwYZ
41
=
=
=
=
KvR :
1| GKwU cvbxqRji cvi aviYgZv KZ wm. wm. Zv cwigvc Ki|
2| wkK KZK wbavwiZ ARvbv AvqZbi GKwU cvi AvqZb Abygvb Ki| Zvici Gi mwVK AvqZb ei Ki
fzji cwigvY wbYq Ki|
D`vniY 1| 16 GKi RwgZ 420 gwUK Ub Avjy Drcb nj, 1 GKi RwgZ Kx cwigvY Avjy Drcb nq ?
mgvavb :
1
= 26
420
16
1
g. Ub ev 26 gwUK Ub 250 KwR Avjy|
4
1 g. Ub = 1000 KwR
10
80
1000
wgwjwjUvi ev 125 wgwjwjUvi wWRj
8
42
cwigvc
1
(f~wg DPZv )
2
1
(6 4) eMwgUvi = 12 eMwgUvi
2
ev, DPZv =
216
wgUvi ev 24 wgUvi
9
DPZv 24 wgUvi|
D`vniY 6| cvomn GKwU cyKzii `N 80 wgUvi I c 50 wgUvi| hw` cyKzii cZK cvoi wevi 4
wgUvi nq, Ze cyKzicvoi dj KZ?
80 wg.
mgvavb :
50 wg.
4
wg.
MwYZ
43
Abykxjbx 3
1|
wKjvwgUvi cKvk Ki :
(K) 40390 m. wg.
(L) 75 wgUvi 250 wg. wg.
2| 5.37 WKvwgUviK wgUvi I WwmwgUvi cKvk Ki :
3|
wbP KqKwU wfyRvKvi i f~wg I DPZv `Iqv njv| wfyRvKvi i dj wbYq Ki :
(K) f~wg 10wg. I DPZv 6 wg.|
(L) f~wg 25 m .wg. I DPZv 14 m. wg.|
4| GKwU AvqZvKvi i `N ci 3 Y| Gi Pvwiw`K GKevi c`wY Kij 1 wKjvwgUvi nuvUv
nq| AvqZvKvi wUi `N I c wbYq Ki|
5| cwZ wgUvi 100 UvKv `i 100 wgUvi j^v I 50 wgUvi PIov GKwU AvqZvKvi cvKi Pvwiw`K eov
w`Z KZ LiP jvMe ?
6| GKwU mvgvwiK i f~wg 40 wgUvi I DPZv 50 wgUvi| Gi dj wbYq Ki|
7| GKwU NbKi GKavii `N 4 wgUvi| NbKwUi Zjjvi dj wbYq Ki|
8| hvmd Zuvi GK L RwgZ 500 K. wR. 700 Mvg Avjy Drcv`b Kib| wZwb GKB dj wewk
11 L RwgZ Kx cwigvY Avjy Drcv`b Kieb ?
9| ciki 16 GKi RwgZ 28 gwUK Ub avb Drcb nqQ| Zuvi cwZ GKi RwgZ Kx cwigvY avb
nqQ ?
10| &GKwU wj wgj GK gvm 20000 gwUK Ub iW Zwi nq| H wgj `wbK Kx cwigvY iW Zwi nq ?
11| GK eemvqx Kvbv GKw`b 20 K. wR. 400 Mvg Wvj weq Kib| G wnmve Kx cwigvY Wvj wZwb
GK gvm weq Kieb ?
12| GKL RwgZ 20 K. wR. 850 Mvg mwilv Drcb nj, Abyi~c 7 L RwgZ gvU Kx cwigvY mwilv
Drcb ne ?
13| GKwU gMi wfZii AvqZb 15 wjUvi nj, 270 wjUvi KZ gM cvwb ne ?
14| GK eemvqx Kvbv GKw`b 18 K. wR. 300 Mvg Pvj Ges 5 K. wR. 750 Mvg jeY weq Kib| G
wnmve gvm wZwb Kx cwigvY Pvj I jeY weq Kib ?
15| Kvbv cwievi `wbK 125 wjUvi `ya jvM| cwZ wjUvi `yai `vg 52 UvKv nj, H cwievi 30
w`b KZ UvKvi `ya jvMe ?
16| GKwU AvqZvKvi evMvbi `N I c h_vg 60 wgUvi, 40 wgUvi| Gi wfZi PZyw`K 2 wgUvi
PIov ivv AvQ| ivvwUi dj wbYq Ki|
17| GKwU Nii `N, ci 3 Y| cwZ eMwgUvi 7.50 UvKv `i Nii gS KvcU w`q gyoZ gvU
1102.50 UvKv eq nq| NiwUi `N I c wbYq Ki|
PZz_ Aavq
Aavq kl wkv_xiv
41 exRMwYZxq ivwki Y
Yi wewbgq wewa :
Avgiv Rvwb, 2 3 = 6, Avevi 3 2 = 6
2 3 = 3 2, hv Yi wewbgq wewa|
GKBfve, a, b hKvbv `yBwU exRMwYZxq ivwk nj, a b = b a A_vr, MyY I MyYKi vb wewbgq
Kij, Ydji Kvbv cwieZb nq bv|
Yi mshvM wewa :
( 2 3) 4 = 6 4 = 24; Avevi, 2 (3 4) = 2 12 = 24
42 wPhy ivwki Y
Avgiv Rvwb, 2 K 4 evi wbj 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 8 = 2 4 nq| GLvb ejv hvq h, 2 K 4 viv Y
Kiv nqQ|
A_vr, 2 4 = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 8
MwYZ
45
Avevi, ( 2) 4 = ( 2) + ( 2) + ( 2) + ( 2) = 8 = ( 2 4)
A_vr, ( 2) 4 = ( 2 4) = 8
mvaviYfve, ( a ) b = ( a b ) = ab
.......... .....( ii )
= (b a )
= ( a b )
= ab
A_vr, a (b) = (a b) = ab ...............(iii)
myZivs, ( a ) ( b) = {( a ) b} [(iii ) Abyhvqx]
= {( a b)} [(ii ) Abyhvqx]
= ( ab)
= a b [Q x Gi hvMvZK wecixZ x]
= ab
A_vr, ( a ) ( b) = ab ...............(iv )
j Kwi :
* GKB wPhy `yBwU ivwki Ydj (+) wPhy ne|
( +1) ( +1) =
+1
( 1) ( 1) =
+1
( +1) ( 1) =
( 1) ( +1) =
Yi m~PK wewa :
Avgiv Rvwb, a a = a 2 , a a a = a 3 , a a a a = a 4
a 2 a 4 = (a a) (a a a a) = a a a a a a = a 6 = a 2 + 4
mvaviYfve, a m a n = a m + n m, n hKvbv ^vfvweK msLv|
GB cwqvK Yi m~PK wewa ejv nq|
Avevi, (a3)2 = a3 a3 = a6 = a3 2 = a 6
mvaviYfve, (am )n = a mn
46
Yi eb wewa
Avgiv Rvwb, 2( a + b) = ( a + b) + ( a + b) [Q 2 x = x + x]
= ( a + a ) + (b + b )
= 2a + 2b
ABEF AvqZwUi dj
= `N c = BE AB = a 2 = 2 a = 2a
Avevi, ECDF AvqZwUi dj = `N c
2
B
2
a
= EC CD = b 2 = 2 b = 2b
ABCD AvqZwUi dj
MwYZ
47
= (5 3) ( x 2 x 2 ) ( y 4 y 3 )
=12 ( 6) ( a 2 a ) b ( x x 3 ) y 2
= 72 a 3bx 4 y 2
D`vniY 3| 7 a 2 b 4 c K 4a 2 c 3d viv Y
Ki|
mgvavb : ( 7 a 2 b 4 c ) 4a 2 c 3d
= ( 7 4) ( a 2 a 2 ) b 4 (c c 3 ) d
= 28a 4b 4 c 4 d
wbYq Ydj 28a 4 b 4 c 4 d .
= 20a 4 b 6 c 7
wbYq Ydj 20a 4 b 6 c 7 .
KvR : 1| Y Ki :
(K) 7 a 2 b 5 K 8a 5b 2 viv
(L) 10 x 3 y 4 z K 3 x 2 y 5 viv
= (5 x 2 y 5 x 3 y 3 ) + (7 xy 2 5 x 3 y 3 )
= (5 5) ( x 2 x 3 ) ( y y 3 ) + (7 5) ( x x 3 ) ( y 2 y 3)
= 25 x 5 y 4 + 35 x 4 y 5
wbYq Ydj 25 x 5 y 4 + 35 x 4 y 5
weK cwZ :
5 x 2 y + 7 xy 2
5 x3 y 3
25 x 5 y 4 + 35 x 4 y 5
wbYq Ydj 25 x 5 y 4 + 35 x 4 y 5
48
= ( 2a 3 a 4b 2 ) (b 3 a 4b 2 ) + (3abc a 4b 2 )
= 2a 7 b 2 a 4b 5 + 3a 5b 3c
weK cwZ : 2a 3 b 3 + 3abc
a 4b 2
2a 7 b 2 a 4b 5 + 3a 5b 3c
wbYq Ydj 2a 7 b 2 a 4 b 5 + 3a 5b 3c .
D`vniY 7| 3 x 2 zy 3 + 4 z 3 xy 2 5 y 4 x 3 z 2 K 6 x 2 y 2 z viv Y Ki|
mgvavb : ( 3 x 2 zy 3 + 4 z 3 xy 2 5 y 4 x 3 z 2 ) ( 6 x 2 y 2 z )
= ( 3 x 2 zy 3 ) ( 6 x 2 y 2 z ) + ( 4 z 3 xy 2 ) ( 6 x 2 y 2 z ) (5 y 4 x 3 z 2 ) ( 6 x 2 y 2 z )
= {( 3) ( 6) x 2 x 2 y 3 y 2 z z} + {4 ( 6) x x 2 y 2 y 2 z 3 z}
{5 ( 6) x 3 x 2 y 4 y 2 z 2 z}
= 18 x 4 y 5 z 2 + ( 24 x 3 y 4 z 4 ) ( 30 x 5 y 6 z 3 )
= 18 x 4 y 5 z 2 24 x 3 y 4 z 4 + 30 x 5 y 6 z 3
wbYq Ydj 18 x 4 y 5 z 2 24 x 3 y 4 z 4 + 30 x 5 y 6 z 3 .
KvR : 1| c_g ivwkK wZxq ivwk viv Y Ki :
(K) 5a 2 + 8b 2 , 4ab
(L) 3 p q + 6 pq + 10 p q , 8 p q
2
3 5
3 2
(M) 2c 2 d + 3d 3c 5cd 2 , 7c 3 d 5 .
MwYZ
49
3x + 2 y
x+ y
mgvavb :
3 x + 2 xy
3 xy + 2 y 2
x viv Y
y viv Y
3 x 2 + 5 xy + 2 y 2
Ydj
hvM Ki,
Y
YK
3x
2y
3x 2
2 xy
3 xy
2y2
(3 x + 2 y ) ( x + y )
= 3 x 2 + 5 xy + 2 y 2 .
wbYq Ydj 3 x 2 + 5 xy + 2 y 2 .
D`vniY 9| a 2 2ab + b 2 K a b viv Y Ki|
mgvavb :
a 2 2ab + b 2
ab
a 2a 2b + ab 2
3
a 2b + 2 ab 2 b 3
hvM Ki, a 3 3a 2b + 3ab 2 b 3
wbYq Ydj a 3 3a 2b + 3ab 2 b 3 .
Y
YK
a viv Y
b viv Y
Ydj
Yi wbqg :
(i)
(ii) Gici Yi cZK c`K YKi wZxq c` viv Y Ki Ydj ei KiZ ne| G YdjK
Ggbfve mvwRq wjLZ ne hb Dfq Ydji m`k c`jv wbP wbP co|
(iii) cv `yBwU Ydji exRMwYZxq mgwB njv wbYq Ydj|
D`vniY 10| 2 x 2 + 3 x 4 K 3 x 2 4 x 5 viv Y Ki|
2 x 2 + 3x 4
3x 2 4 x 5
6 x 4 + 9 x 3 12 x 2
8 x 3 12 x 2 + 16 x
10 x 2 15 x + 20
hvM Ki, 6 x 4 + x 3 34 x 2 + x + 20
mgvavb :
wbYq Ydj 6 x 4 + x 3 34 x 2 + x + 20 .
Y
YK
3x 2 viv Y
4 x viv Y
5 viv Y
Ydj
50
Abykxjbx 41
1g ivwkK 2q ivwk viv Y Ki (1 _K 24) :
1|
3ab, 4a 3
2|
5 xy, 6az
3|
5a 2 x 2 , 3ax 5 y
4|
8a 2b, 2b 2
5|
6|
3 p 2q 3 , 6 p5q 4
7|
12m 2 a 2 x 3 , 2ma 2 x 2
8|
7 a 3bx 5 y 2 , 3 x 5 y 3 a 2b 2
9|
2 x + 3 y, 5 xy
10| 5 x 2 4 xy, 9 x 2 y 2
11| 2a 2 3b 2 + c 2 , a 3b 2
12|
13| 2a 3b, 3a + 2b
14| a + b, a b
15| x + 1, x 1
16| a 2 + b 2 , a + b
17| a 2 ab + b 2 , a + b
18|
19| x 2 2 xy + y 2 , x y
20| x 2 + 2 x 3, x + 3
21| a 2 + ab + b 2 , b 2 ab + a 2
23| x + xy + y , x xy + y
2
x 3 y 3 + 3 xyz, x 4 y
x 2 + 2 xy + y 2 , x + y
22| a + b + c, a + b + c
2
24|
y 2 y + 1, 1 + y + y 2
28|
`LvI h, ( x + y )( x y )( x 2 + y 2 ) = x 4 y 4 .
MwYZ
51
ab ( b) = a
j Kwi :
ab
a
ab
b
ab
a
ab
b
a ( b )
a
(a) b
=
b
(a) b
=
a
a ( b )
=
b
=
+ 1
+ 1
1
1
1
+ 1
+ 1
1
+ 1
+ 1
= b
= a
=b
=a
a5 a 2 =
a5 a a a a a
=
= a a a [je I ni _K mvaviY Drcv`K eRb Ki]|
a2
aa
= a3 = a5 2 , a 0
a 0 nj,
am
a a = m = amm = a0
a
am
m
m
Avevi, a a = m = 1
a
0
a = 1, ( a 0).
Abywmv : a 0 = 1, a 0.
m
52
GKc`x ivwkK GKc`x ivwk viv fvM KiZ nj, mvswLK mnMK cvwUMwYZxq wbqg fvM Ges exRMwYZxq
cZxKK m~PK wbqg fvM KiZ nq|
D`vniY 11| 10a5b7 K 5a 2b3 viv fvM Ki|
10a 5b 7 10 a 5 b 7
= 2 3
mgvavb :
5a 2 b 3
5 a b
= 2 a 5 2 b 7 3 = 2a 3b 4
wbYq fvMdj 2a3b4
D`vniY 12| 40 x 8 y10 z 5 K 8x4 y 2 z 4 viv fvM Ki|
40 x 8 y10 z 5 40 x 8 y10 z 5
mgvavb :
=
8x4 y 2 z 4 8 x4 y 2 z 4
= 5 x 8 4 y10 2 z 5 4 = 5 x 4 y 8 z
wbYq fvMdj 5x4 y8 z.
D`vniY 13| 45x13 y9 z 4 K 5x6 y 3 z 2 viv fvM Ki|
45 x13 y 9 z 4 45 x13 y 9 z 4
=
mgvavb :
5x6 y3 z 2
5 x6 y3 z 2
= 9 x13 6 y 9 3 z 4 2 = 9 x 7 y 6 z 2
wbYq fvMdj 9x7 y6 z 2
KvR : c_g ivwkK wZxq ivwk viv fvM Ki :
(K) 12a 3b 5c , 3ab 2
(M) 35 x 5 y 7 , 5 x 5 y 2
48 ec`x ivwkK GKc`x ivwk viv fvM
Avgiv Rvwb, a + b + c GKwU ec`x ivwk|
(L) 28 p 3q 2 r 5 , 7 p 2 qr 3
(N) 40 x10 y 5 z 9 , 8 x 6 y 2 z 5
MwYZ
53
GLb (a + b + c) d
1
d
1
1
1
= a + b + c
d
d
d
a b c
= + +
d d d
Avevi, (a + b + c) d
a+b+c a b c
=
= + +
d
d d d
= (a + b + c)
[Yi eb wewa]
+
2x2 y2 2x2 y2 2x2 y 2
= 5 x 52 y 32 6 x 32 y 82 + 3 x 42 y 72
= 5 x 3 y 6 xy 6 + 3 x 2 y 5
wbYq fvMdj 5 x 3 y 6 xy 6 + 3x 2 y 5 .
D`vniY 15| 35a 5b 4 c + 20a 6b8c 3 40a 5b 6 c 4 K 5a 2b 3c viv fvM Ki|
mgvavb :
5a 2 b 3 c
5a 2 b 3 c
5a 2b 3c
= 7 a 52b 43c11 + 4a 62b83c 31 8a 52b 63c 41
= 7 a 3b + 4a 4b 5c 2 8a 3b 3c 3
[Q c11 = c 0 = 1]
wbYq fvMdj 7a 3b + 4a 4b 5c 2 8a 3b 3c 3 .
KvR : 1| 9 x 4 y 5 + 12 x 8 y 5 + 21x 9 y 6 K 3x 3 y 2 viv fvM Ki|
54
fvRi c_g c`wUK fvRKi c_g c` viv fvM Kij h fvMdj nq Zv wbYq fvMdji c_g c`|
fvMdji H c_g c` viv fvRKi cZK c`K Y Ki Ydj m`k c` Abyhvqx fvRi wbP
ewmq fvR _K weqvM KiZ ne|
weqvMdj bZzb fvR ne| weqvMdj Ggbfve wjLZ ne hb Zv AvMi gZv weeP cZxKi
Aatg Abymvi _vK|
bZzb fvRi c_g c`wUK fvRKi c_g c` viv fvM Kij h fvMdj nq Zv wbYq fvMdji wZxq
c`|
(+ )
4x 2
4x 2
1g avc : 6x 2x = 3x
2q avc : 4x 2x = 2
() (+ )
0
wbYq fvMdj 3x + 2 .
D`vniY 17| 2x2 7 xy + 6 y 2 K x 2 y viv fvM Ki|
mgvavb : GLvb ivwk `yBwU x Gi NvZi Aatg Abymvi mvRvbv AvQ|
x 2 y ) 2 x 2 7 xy + 6 y 2 ( 2 x 3 y
2 x 2 4 xy
( ) ( + )
3 xy + 6 y 2
3 xy + 6 y 2
( + ) ( )
0
wbYq fvMdj 2x 3 y .
1g avc : 2 x 2 x = 2 x
2q avc : 3 xy x = 3 y
MwYZ
55
( )
1g avc : 16 x 4 4 x 2 = 4 x 2
(+)
2q avc : 24 x 3 4 x 2 = 6 x
24 x 3 + 81
3q avc : 36 x 2 4 x 2 = 9
24 x 3 36 x 2 + 54 x
( )
(+)
( )
36 x 2 54 x + 81
36 x 2 54 x + 81
( )
(+)
( )
wbYq fvMdj 4x + 6x + 9.
2
GLb, x 2 + 4 x + 11 ) 2 x 4 48 x + 110 ( 2 x 2 8 x + 10
2 x 4 + 8 x 3 + 22 x 2
8 x 3 22 x 2 48 x + 110
8 x 3 32 x 2 88 x
10 x 2 + 40 x + 110
10 x 2 + 40 x + 110
0
wbYq fvMdj 2x 8x + 10.
2
56
x2 + 1 ) x4 1 ( x2 1
x4 + x2
x2 1
x2 1
0
wbYq fvMdj x2 1.
KvR : 1| 2m2 5mn + 2n2 K 2m n viv fvM Ki|
4
2 2
4
2
2
2| a + a b + b K a ab + b viv fvM Ki|
4
4
2 2
2
2
3| 81 p + q 22 p q K 9 p + 2 pq q viv fvM Ki|
Abykxjbx 42
c_g ivwkK wZxq ivwk viv fvM Ki :
1| 45a 4 , 9a 2
3| 30a 4 x 3 , 6a 2 x
5| 36a 3 z 3 y 2 , 4ayz
7| 3a 3b 2 2a 2b 3 , a 2b 2
9| a 3b 4 3a 7b 7 , a 3b 3
11| 15 x 3 y 3 + 12 x 3 y 2 12 x 5 y 3 , 3x 2 y 2
13| 24a 2b 2 c 15a 4b 4 c 4 9a 2b 6 c 2 , 3ab 2
15| 6 x 2 + x 2, 2 x 1
17|
19|
21|
23|
25|
27|
29|
31|
33|
35|
x3 + y 3, x + y
16 p 4 81q 4 , 2 p + 3q
x 2 8 xy + 16 y 2 , x 4 y
x 4 + x 2 + 1, x 2 x + 1
2a 2b 2 + 5abd + 3d 2 , ab + d
1 x6 , 1 x + x2
x 3 y 2 x 2 y 2 + axy, x 2 2 xy + a
a 2 x 4ax + 3ax 2 , a + 3x 4
12a 4 + 11a 2 + 2, 3a 2 + 2
a 5 + 11a 12, a 2 2a + 3
2|
4|
6|
8|
10|
12|
14|
16|
18|
20|
22|
24|
26|
28|
30|
32|
34|
24a 5 , 3a 2
28 x 4 y 3 z 2 , 4 xy 2 z
22 x 3 y 2 z , 2 xyz
36 x 4 y 3 + 9 x 5 y 2 , 9 xy
6a 5b 3 9a 3b 4 , 3a 2b 2
6 x 8 y 6 z 4 x 4 yz + 2 x 2 y 2 z 2 , 2 x 2 y 2 z
a 3b 2 + 2a 2b 3 , a + 2b
6 y 2 + 3x 2 11xy, 3x 2 y
a 2 + 4axyz + 4 x 2 y 2 z 2 , a + 2 xyz
64 a 3 , a 4
x 4 + 8 x 2 + 15, x 2 + 5
4 a 4 + b 4 5a 2 b 2 , 4 a 2 b 2
x 4 y 4 1, x 2 y 2 + 1
x 2 8abx + 15a 2b 2 , x 3ab
a 2bc + b 2ca + c 2 ab, a + b + c
81x 4 + y 4 22 x 2 y 2 , 9 x 2 + 2 xy y 2
x 4 + x 2 y 2 + y 4 , x 2 xy + y 2
MwYZ
57
[{a ( 2b + c ) 10} + d ] 2
GLvb, 1g ebx ( ), 2q ebx { }, 3q ebx [ ] eenvi Kiv nqQ| ebx vcbi wbqg nQ [{()}]| G
QvovI ivwkwUZ cwqv wP +, , I eenvi Kiv nqQ| Gic ivwki mijxKiY ' BODMAS '
AbymiY Kiv nq| Avevi, ebxi chvqg 1g, 2q I 3q ebxi KvR KiZ nq|
ebx AcmviY :
j Kwi : b > c
wP `Lv hvq, a + (b c ) = a + b c
ebxi AvM + wP _vKj, ebx AcmviY ebxi wfZii c`jvi wPi cwieZb nq bv|
Avevi, j Kwi : b > c, a > b c
a b+c
a b
bc
b
a
wP `Lv hvq, a (b c ) = a b + c
ebxi AvM wP _vKj, ebx AcmviY ebxi wfZii c`jvi wPi cwieZb nq wecixZ
wPhy nq|
58
ebxi AvMi wP
ebxi Aevb
7+52
2q I 3q c` 1g
ebxfz
75+2
ab+cd
abcd
ebxhy ivwk
3q I 4_ c` 1g
ebxfz
8 (6 2)
p + q + (r s )
p + q (r s )
mgvavb : a + {b (c d )}
= a + {b c + d }
= a + b c + d.
= a [b c + d e f ]
= a b+cd +e+ f.
ebxgy ivwk
MwYZ
59
D`vniY 25| 3x 4 y 8 z + 5 Gi ZZxq I PZz_ c` ebxi AvM () wP w`q c_g ebxfz Ki|
cieZxZ wZxq c` I c_g ebxfz ivwkK wZxq ebxfz Ki hb ebxi AvM () wP _vK|
mgvavb : 3x 4 y 8 z + 5 ivwkwUi ZZxq I PZz_ c` h_vg 8 z I 5.
ckv bymvi, 3x 4 y (8 z 5)
Avevi, 3x {4 y + (8 z 5)}.
KvR : mij Ki :
1| x {2 x (3 y 4 x + 2 y )}
2| 8 x + y [7 x {5 x (4 x 3x y ) + 2 y}]
Abykxjbx 43
1|
2|
(N) 12 a 3b 3
(L) 5a 6 b 2
(M) 5a 3b 2
(N) 5a 3b 3
25 x 3 y
= KZ ?
5 xy 3
5x 2
5x2
(N)
y2
y2
a = 3, b = 2 nj, (8a 2b) + ( 7 a + 4b) Gi gvb KZ ?
(K) 3
(L) 4
(M) 7
(N) 15
(K) 5 x 2 y 2
4|
(M) 12 a 2 b 3
3|
(L) 12 a 3b 2
(L) 5 x 2 y 2
(M)
60
5|
6|
7|
(N) 2
(L) 2 x 4 y 3 z 2
(M) 2 x 3 y 3 z 3
(N) 2 x 4 y 3 z 3
8|
(L) ii I iii
(M) i I iii
2 eQi c~e eveyji eqm x eQi Ges Zvi gvi eqm 5 x eQi wQj| Zvnj
(1) gvi eZgvb eqm KZ ?
(L) 5 x eQi
(K) x eQi
(M) ( x + 2) eQi
9|
10|
11|
12|
13|
(N) i, ii I iii
7 + 2[ 8 {3 ( 2 3)} 4]
5 [ 8 {4 ( 2 3)} + 13]
7 2[ 6 + 3{5 + 2( 4 3)}]
x {a + ( y b)}
3 x + ( 4 y z ) {a b ( 2c 4a ) 5a}
(N) (5 x + 2) eQi
(N) (6 x + 2) eQi
(N) 4 x eQi
MwYZ
61
cg Aavq
Ab~a wZbwU exRMwYZxq ivwki mvswLK mnMmn M.mv.. I j.mv.. wbYq KiZ cvie|
(a + b) 2 = a 2 + 2ab + b 2
cgvY :
( a + b) 2 Gi A_ ( a + b) K ( a + b) viv Y|
( a + b ) 2 = ( a + b )( a + b )
= a ( a + b ) + b( a + b )
= a 2 + ab + ba + b 2
= a 2 + ab + ab + b 2
( a + b ) 2 = a 2 + 2 ab + b 2
`yBwU ivwki hvMdji eM = 1g ivwki eM + 2 1g ivwk 2q ivwk + 2q ivwki eM
MwYZ
63
AB ev = a + b
BC ev = a + b
eMwUK a I b viv Ggbfve
fvM Kiv nqQ, hLvb PviwU
P, Q, R, S cvIqv MQ|
GLvb P I S eM Ges Q I R AvqZ|
Avgiv Rvwb, eMi dj = (`N)2 Ges AvqZi dj = `N c
AZGe,
P Gi dj = a a = a 2
Q Gi dj = a b = ab
R Gi dj = a b = ab
S Gi dj = b b = b 2
GLb, ABCD eMi dj = ( P + Q + R + S ) Gi dj
( a + b) 2 = a 2 + ab + ab + b 2
= a 2 + 2ab + b 2
( a + b) 2 = a 2 + 2ab + b 2
a 2 + b 2 = (a + b) 2 2ab
Abywmv 1|
a 2 + b 2 = ( a + b) 2 2ab.
D`vniY 1| ( m + n) Gi eM wbYq Ki|
mgvavb : ( m + n)
mgvavb : (3 x + 4) 2
= ( m) 2 + 2 m n + ( n) 2
= m 2 + 2mn + n 2
= (3 x ) 2 + 2 3 x 4 + ( 4 ) 2
= 9 x 2 + 24 x + 16
64
= ( 2 x ) 2 + 2 2 x 3 y + (3 y ) 2
= 4 x 2 + 12 xy + 9 y 2
1| x + 2 y
m~ 2|
cgvY :
2| 3a + 5b
3| 5 + 2a
4| 15
5| 103
(a b) 2 = a 2 2ab + b 2
( a b) 2 Gi A_ ( a b) K ( a b) viv Y|
( a b) 2 = ( a b)( a b)
= a ( a b ) b( a b )
= a 2 ab ba + b 2
= a 2 ab ab + b 2
( a b) 2 = a 2 2 ab + b 2
[ b Gi cwieZ b ewmq]
= a 2 2ab + b 2
Abywmv 2| a 2 + b 2 = (a b ) 2 + 2ab
MwYZ
65
a+ b = (a-b) + 2ab
mgvavb : ( p q )
mgvavb : (5 x 3 y ) 2
= ( p)2 2 p q + (q)2
= p 2 2 pq + q 2
= (5 x ) 2 2 5 x 3 y + (3 y ) 2
= 25 x 2 30 xy + 9 y 2
= (100) 2 2 100 2 + ( 2) 2
= 10000 400 + 4
= 9604
KvR : m~i mvnvh ivwkjvi eM wbYq Ki :
2| ax by
3| 95
1| 5 x 3
4| 5 x 6
= a 2 + b 2 2ab + 4ab
= ( a b) 2 + 4ab
(a + b) 2 = (a b) 2 + 4ab
Abywmv 4| ( a b ) 2 = a 2 2 ab + b 2
= a 2 + b 2 + 2ab 4ab
= ( a + b) 2 4ab
(a b ) 2 = (a + b ) 2 4ab
Abywmv 5| ( a + b) 2 + ( a b) 2 = ( a 2 + 2ab + b 2 ) + ( a 2 2ab + b 2 )
66
= a 2 + 2ab + b 2 + a 2 2ab + b 2
= 2a 2 + 2b 2
= 2( a 2 + b 2 )
(a + b) 2 + (a b) 2 = 2(a 2 + b 2 )
Abywmv 6| ( a + b) 2 ( a b) 2 = ( a 2 + 2ab + b 2 ) ( a 2 2ab + b 2 )
= a 2 + 2ab + b 2 a 2 + 2ab b 2
= 4ab
(a + b) 2 (a b) 2 = 4ab
D`vniY 8| a + b = 7 Ges ab = 9 nj,
a 2 + b 2 Gi gvb wbYq Ki|
mgvavb : a 2 + b 2 = ( a + b ) 2 2ab
= (7 ) 2 2 9
= 49 18
= 31
= (5) 2 4 6
= 25 24
=1
1
= (8) 2 + 2
= 64 + 2
= 66 (cgvwYZ)
weK cwZ :
1
`Iqv AvQ , p p = 8
MwYZ
67
ev,
1 2
p p
= (8 ) 2
[DfqcK eM Ki]
1 1
p2 2 p p +
p
= 64
1
2 = 64
p2
1
= 64 + 2
ev, p 2 +
p2
1
p2 +
= 66 (cgvwYZ)
p2
ev,
p2 +
weK mgvavb :
= {( a + b) + c}2 = ( p + c ) 2
(a + b + c)2
= {( a + b) + c}2
= p 2 + 2 pc + c 2
= ( a + b) 2 + 2 ( a + b) c + c 2
2
2
2
= ( a + b) 2 + 2 ( a + b) c + c 2 [p-Gi gvb ewmq] = a + 2ab + b + 2ac + 2bc + c
68
= x 2 + 2 xy + y 2 2 xz 2 yz + z 2
= x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 2 xy 2 xz 2 yz
= {(3 x 2 y ) + 5 z}2
= (3 x 2 y ) 2 + 2 (3 x 2 y ) 5 z + (5 z ) 2 [Q1g ivwk 3x 2 y , 2q ivwk= 5z ]
= (3 x ) 2 2 3 x 2 y + ( 2 y ) 2 + 2 5 z (3 x 2 y ) + 25 z 2
= 9 x 2 12 xy + 4 y 2 + 30 xz 20 yz + 25 z 2
= 9 x 2 + 4 y 2 + 25 z 2 12 xy + 30 xz 20 yz.
MwYZ
69
= ( 4 x ) 2 2 4 x 5 y + (5 y ) 2
= (4 x 5 y )2
= ( 4 7 5 6) 2 [ x I y Gi gvb ewmq]
= ( 28 30) 2
= ( 2) 2 = ( 2) ( 2)
=4
KvR :
1| 3x 2 y z Gi eM wbYq Ki|
2| mij Ki : (5a 7b)2 + 2(5a 7b)(9b 4a) + (9b 4a)2
3| x = 3 nj, 9 x 2 24 x + 16 Gi gvb KZ ?
Abykxjbx 51
m~i mvnvh eM wbYq Ki (116) :
2| 5 x 7
1| a + 5
6| 990
5| 55
3| 3a 11xy
7| xy 6 y
4| 5a 2 + 9m 2
8| ax by
9| 97
10| 2 x + y z
11| 2a b + 3c
12| x 2 + y 2 z 2
13| a 2b c
14| 3 x 2 y + z
15| bc + ca + ab
16| 2a 2 + 2b c 2
mij Ki (1724) :
17| ( 2 a + 1)2 4a ( 2 a + 1) + 4 a 2
18| (5a + 3b) 2 + 2(5a + 3b)( 4a 3b) + ( 4a 3b) 2
19| (7 a + b) 2 2(7 a + b)(7 a b) + (7 a b) 2
20| ( 2 x + 3 y )2 + 2( 2 x + 3 y )( 2 x 3 y ) + ( 2 x 3 y ) 2
21| (5 x 2) 2 + (5 x + 7) 2 2(5 x 2)(5 x + 7 )
22| (3ab cd ) 2 + 9(cd ab) 2 + 6(3ab cd )(cd ab)
23| ( 2 x + 5 y + 3 z ) 2 + (5 y + 3 z x )2 2(5 y + 3 z x )( 2 x + 5 y + 3 z )
24| ( 2a 3b + 4c ) 2 + ( 2a + 3b 4c ) 2 + 2( 2a 3b + 4c )(2a + 3b 4c )
gvb wbYq Ki (2528) :
25| 25 x 2 + 36 y 2 60 xy, hLb x = 4, y = 5
70
x 2 1 = 525
x2
= x 2 + ax + bx + ab
= x 2 + ( a + b) x + ab
A_vr, ( x + a )( x + b) = x 2 + ( a Ges b Gi exRMwYZxq hvMdj) x + ( a Ges b Gi Ydj)
D`vniY 16| m~i mvnvh 3 x + 2 y K 3 x 2 y viv Y Ki|
mgvavb : (3 x + 2 y )(3 x 2 y )
= (3 x ) 2 ( 2 y ) 2
= 9x2 4 y2
D`vniY 17| m~i mvnvh ax 2 + b K ax 2 b viv Y Ki|
mgvavb : ( ax 2 + b)( ax 2 b)
= ( ax 2 ) 2 (b) 2
= a2 x4 b2
D`vniY 18| m~i mvnvh 3 x + 2 y + 1 K 3 x 2 y + 1 viv Y Ki|
mgvavb : (3 x + 2 y + 1)(3 x 2 y + 1)
MwYZ
71
= {(3 x + 1) + 2 y}{(3 x + 1) 2 y}
= (3 x + 1) 2 ( 2 y ) 2
= 9x2 + 6x + 1 4 y2
= 9x2 4 y2 + 6x + 1
D`vniY 19| a + 3 K a + 2 viv Y Ki|
mgvavb : ( a + 3)( a + 2)
= a 2 + (3 + 2 ) a + 3 2
= a 2 + 5a + 6
=
=
=
=
( px ) 2 + {3 + ( 5 )} px + 3 ( 5 )
p 2 x 2 + ( 3 5 ) px 15
p 2 x 2 + ( 2 ) px 15
p 2 x 2 2 px 15
= ( p 2 ) 2 + ( 2r 3r ) p 2 + ( 2r ) ( 3r )
= p 4 5rp 2 + 6r 2
= p 4 5 p 2 r + 6r 2
KvR : 1| ( 2a + 3) K ( 2a 3) viv Y Ki|
2| ( 4 x + 5) K ( 4 x + 3) viv Y Ki|
3| (6 a 7 ) K (6 a + 5) viv Y Ki|
Abykxjbx 52
m~i mvnvh Ydj wbYq Ki :
1| ( 4 x + 3), ( 4 x 3)
2| (13 12 p ), (13 + 12 p )
3| ( ab + 3), ( ab 3)
4| (10 xy ), (10 + xy )
5| ( 4 x + 3 y ), ( 4 x 3 y )
6| ( a b c ), ( a + b + c )
7| ( x 2 x + 1), ( x 2 + x + 1)
1
5
8| x a , x a
1
1
1
1
9| x y , x + y
10| ( a 4 + 3a 2 x 2 + 9 x 4 ), (9 x 4 3a 2 x 2 + a 4 )
3 4
72
= 2ax 2by = 2( ax by )
D`vniY 24| Drcv`K weklY Ki : 2 x 6 x 2
mgvavb : 2 x 6 x 2 = 2 x(1 3 x )
D`vniY 25| Drcv`K weklY Ki : x 2 + 4 x + xy + 4 y
mgvavb : x 2 + 4 x + xy + 4 y
= x ( x + 4) + y ( x + 4)
= ( x + 4)( x + y )
j Kwi : `yBwU ivwk Ggbfve wbevPb KiZ ne hb ebwewa cqvM Ki cv ivwk `yBwUi ga GKwU
MwYZ
73
2| 15 y 9 y
4| 2 a + 3a + 2 ab + 3b
2
3| 5a b 9 a b
2 4
4 2
5| x + 6 x + 4 x + 24 x
4
= 2 x 2{( 2 x ) 2 ( a ) 2} = 2 x 2 ( 2 x + a )( 2 x a )
D`vniY 28| Drcv`K weklY Ki : 25( a + 2b ) 2 36( 2 a 5b ) 2
mgvavb : awi, a + 2b = x Ges 2a 5b = y
c` ivwk = 25 x 2 36 y 2
= (5 x ) 2 ( 6 y ) 2
= (5 x + 6 y )(5 x 6 y )
= {5( a + 2b) + 6( 2a 5b)}{5( a + 2b) 6( 2a 5b)} [ x I y Gi gvb ewmq]
= (5a + 10b + 12a 30b)(5a + 10b 12a + 30b)
= (17 a 20b)( 40b 7 a )
D`vniY 29| Drcv`K weklY Ki : x 2 + 5 x + 6
Q ( x + a )( x + b)
mgvavb : x 2 + 5 x + 6
= x 2 + ( 2 + 3) x + 2 3
= ( x + 2)( x + 3)
= x 2 + ( a + b) x + ab
GLvb, a = 2 Ges b = 3
= (2 x)2 2 2 x y + ( y )2 z 2
= (2 x y )2 ( z )2
= ( 2 x y + z )( 2 x y z )
74
= b 2 + 2bd + d 2 a 2 + 2ac c 2
[mvwRq]
= (b 2 + 2bd + d 2 ) ( a 2 2ac + c 2 )
= (b + d ) 2 ( a c ) 2
= (b + d + a c )(b + d a + c )
= ( a + b c + d )(b a + c + d )
KvR : Drcv`K weklY Ki :
1| a 81b
2
2| 25 x 36 y
4| x + 7 x + 10
2
3| 9 x ( 2 x + y )
5| m + m 30
2
Abykxjbx 53
Drcv`K weklY Ki :
1|
x 2 + xy + zx + yz
2|
a 2 + bc + ca + ab
3|
ab( px + qy ) + a 2 qx + b 2 py
4|
4x2 y 2
5|
9a 2 4b 2
6|
a 2 b 2 49 y 2
7|
16 x 4 81 y 4
8|
a 2 ( x + y)2
9|
(2 x 3 y + 5 z ) 2 ( x 2 y + 3z ) 2
10| 4 + 8a 2 + 9a 4
11|
2a 2 + 6a 80
12|
13|
p 2 15 p + 56
14| 45a 8 5a 4 x 4
15| a 2 + 3a 40
17|
16| ( x 2 + 1) 2 ( y 2 + 1) 2
x 2 + 11x + 30
18| a 2 b 2 + 2bc c 2
19| 144 x 7 25 x 3a 4
20| 4 x 2 + 12 xy + 9 y 2 16a 2
y =
fvR
fvRK
y 2 6 y 91
z
fvMdj
MwYZ
75
GLvb GKwU fvM cwqv `Lvbv nqQ| x K fvM Kiv nqQ, ZvB x fvR| Avevi, y viv fvM Kiv
nqQ, dj y fvRK Ges z njv fvMdj|
hgb, 10 2 = 5
10
fvR
GLvb,
2
fvRK
5
fvMdj
G 10, 2 Gi GKwU wYZK| Avevi 10, 5 GiI GKwU wYZK|
GKwU ivwk (fvR) Aci GKwU ivwk (fvRK) viv wbtkl wefvR nj, fvRK fvRKi GKwU wYZK
( ( Multiple ) ejv nq| Avi fvRKK YbxqK ev Drcv`K ( Factor ) ej|
1, 2 , 3 , 4, 6 , 12
18
1, 2 , 3 , 6 , 9 , 18
24
1, 2 , 3 , 4, 6 , 8, 12, 24
12, 18 I 24 Gi M.mv.. 6 |
exRMwYZ,
xyz Gi YbxqKjv h_vg x , y, z
5 x Gi YbxqKjv h_vg 5, x
3 xp Gi YbxqKjv h_vg 3, x , p
xyz, 5 x, 3 xp ivwkjvi mvaviY YbxqK x
ivwkjvi M.mv.. x
h ivwk `yB ev ZZvwaK ivwki cZKwUi YbxqK, H ivwkK c` ivwkjvi mvaviY YbxqK ejv nq|
`yB ev ZZvwaK ivwki Mwi mvaviY YbxqK (M.mv..) njv Ggb GKwU ivwk hv mvaviY YbxqKjvi
ga mePq eo gvbi GKwU ivwk Ges hv viv c` ivwkjv wbtkl wefvR nq|
M.mv.. wbYqi wbqg
(K) cvwUMwYZi wbqg c` ivwkjvi mvswLK mnMi M.mv.. wbYq KiZ ne|
(L) exRMwYZxq ivwkjvi gwjK Drcv`K ei KiZ ne|
(M) mvswLK mnMi M.mv.. Ges c` ivwkjvi mevP exRMwYZxq mvaviY gwjK Drcv`Kjvi
avivevwnK Ydj nQ wbYq M.mv..|
76
10 x 3 y 2 z 3 = 2 5 x x x y y z z z
myZivs, `Lv hvQ mvaviY YbxqKjv 2, x, x, y, z, z.
wbYq M.mv.. 2 x x y z z = 2 x 2 yz 2
D`vniY 33| 2(a 2 b 2 ) Ges ( a 2 2ab + b 2 ) Gi M.mv.. wbYq Ki|
mgvavb : 1g ivwk = 2(a 2 b 2 ) = 2( a + b)(a b)
2q ivwk = a 2 2ab + b 2 = (a b)(a b)
GLvb mvswLK mnM 2 I 1 Gi M.mv.. = 1.
3q ivwk = x 2 + 5 x + 6 = x 2 + 2 x + 3 x + 6
= x( x + 2) + 3( x + 2) = ( x + 2)( x + 3)
GLvb c` ivwkjvi mvswLK mnM 1, 2 Ges 1 Gi M.mv.. = 1
mvaviY gwjK Drcv`K = ( x + 2)
wbYq M.mv.. 1 ( x + 2) = ( x + 2)
KvR : M.mv.. wbYq Ki :
3
1| 3 x y , 2 x y
3| ( x 25), ( x 5)
2
2| 3 xy, 6 x y, 9 xy
2
4| x 9, x + 7 x + 12, 3 x + 9
2
MwYZ
77
`yB ev ZZvwaK msLvi j.mv.. nQ Ggb GKwU msLv hv c` msLvjvi mvaviY wYZKjvi ga mePq
QvU|
exRMwYZxq ivwki ,
x2 y2 x2 y = y
Ges x 2 y 2 xy 2 = x
A_vr, x 2 y I xy 2 Gi cZKwU viv x 2 y 2 wbtkl wefvR|
myZivs, x 2 y 2 njv x 2 y I xy 2 Gi GKwU mvaviY wYZK|
Avevi, x 2 y = x x y
xy 2 = x y y
GLvb ivwk `yBwUZ x AvQ mevP `yBevi Ges y AvQ mevP `yBevi|
j.mv.. = x x y y = x 2 y 2
ge : j.mv.. = mvaviY Drcv`K mvaviY bq Gic Drcv`K|
`yB ev ZZvwaK ivwki mve mKj Drcv`Ki mevP NvZi YdjK ivwkjvi
jwN mvaviY wYZK (j.mv..) ejv nq|
j.mv.. wbYq Kivi Rb c_g mvswLK mnMjvi j.mv.. ei KiZ ne| Gici Drcv`Ki mevP NvZ
ei KiZ ne| AZtci Dfqi YdjB ne c` ivwkjvi j.mv..|
D`vniY 35| 4 x 2 y 3 z, 6 xy 3 z 2 Ges 8 x 3 yz 3 Gi j.mv.. wbYq Ki|
mgvavb : ivwkjvi mvswLK mnM 4, 6 I 8 Gi j.mv.. 24
c` ivwkjvi Afy x, y, z Drcv`Kjvi mevP NvZ h_vg x 3 , y 3 I z 3
wbYq j.mv.. 24 x 3 y 3 z 3
D`vniY 36| a 2 b 2 I a 2 + 2ab + b 2 Gi j.mv.. wbYq Ki|
mgvavb : 1g ivwk = a 2 b 2 = ( a + b )( a b)
2q ivwk = a 2 + 2ab + b 2 = ( a + b ) 2
c` ivwkjvi mve Drcv`Kjvi mevP NvZ ( a b) I ( a + b) 2
wbYq j.mv.. ( a b )( a + b ) 2
D`vniY 37| 2 x 2 y + 4 xy 2 , 4 x 3 y 16 xy 3 Ges 5 x 2 y 2 ( x 2 + 4 xy + 4 y 2 ) Gi j.mv.. wbYq
Ki|
mgvavb : 1g ivwk = 2 x 2 y + 4 xy 2 = 2 xy ( x + 2 y )
78
3q ivwk = 5 x 2 y 2 ( x 2 + 4 xy + 4 y 2 ) = 5 x 2 y 2 ( x + 2 y ) 2
mvswLK mnM 2, 4 I 5 Gi j.mv.. 20
c` ivwkjvZ mve Drcv`Kjvi mevP NvZ h_vg x 2 , y 2 , ( x + 2 y ) 2 , ( x 2 y )
wbYq j.mv.. 20 x 2 y 2 ( x 2 y )( x + 2 y ) 2
KvR : j.mv.. wbYq Ki :
1| 3 x 2 y 3 , 9 x 3 y 2 I 12 x 2 y 2
3| x 2 + 10 x + 21, x 4 49 x 2
2| 3a 2 + 9, a 4 9 I a 4 + 6a 2 + 9
4| a 2, a 2 4, a 2 a 2
Abykxjbx 54
1|
11 Gi eM KZ ?
(K) 22
(L) 101
(M) 111
(N) 121
2|
a 5 Gi eM KvbwU ?
(K) a 2 + 10 a + 25 (L) a 2 10 a + 25 (M) a 2 + 5a + 25 (N) a 2 5a + 25
3|
( 2 x + 3) I ( 2 x 3) Gi Ydj KZ ?
(K) 4 x 2 9 (L) 4 x 2 + 12 x 9 (M) 4 x 2 12 x 9
4|
( x + y ) 2 + 2( x + y )( x y ) + ( x y ) 2 Gi gvb KvbwU ?
(K) 8x 2
5|
6|
7|
9|
(L) 8 y 2
(M) 4x 2
(N) 4 y 2
(N) 16
GKwU ivwk Aci GKwU ivwk viv wbtkl wefvR nj, fvRK fvRKi Kx ejv nq ?
(K) fvMdj
(L) fvMkl
(M) wYZK
(N) YbxqK
8|
(N) 4 x 2 + 9
(L) a 2
2a I 3b Gi M.mv.. KZ ?
(L) 6
(K) 1
(M) a ( a + b )
(N) a 2 ( a + b )
(M) a
(N) b
(i ) ( a + b) 2 = a 2 + 2ab + b 2
MwYZ
79
(ii ) 4ab = ( a + b) 2 + ( a b) 2
(iii ) a 2 b 2 = ( a + b)( a b)
Dcii Z_i wfwZ wbPi KvbwU mwVK ?
(K) i I ii
(L) i I iii
(M) ii I iii
(N) i, ii I iii
(L) i I iii
(M) ii I iii
(N) i, ii I iii
11| (i ) x 2 16
80
(K) x( x + y )( x y )
(L) y ( x + y )( x y )
(M) xy( x y )( x + 2 y )
(N) xy( x + y )( x + 2 y )
17| a 2 + ab, a 2 b 2
18| x 3 y xy 3 , ( x y ) 2
19| x 2 + 7 x + 12, x 2 + 9 x + 20
21| a 2 16, 3a + 12, a 2 + 5a + 4
20| a 3 ab 2 , a 4 + 2a 3b + a 2b 2
22| xy y, x 3 y xy, x 2 2 x + 1
24| 5 x 2 y 2 , 10 xz 3 , 15 y 3 z 4
25| 2 p 2 xy 2 , 3 pq 2 , 6 pqx 2
26| (b 2 c 2 ), (b + c ) 2
27| x 2 + 2 x, x 2 + 3 x + 2
29| x 2 3 x 10, x 2 10 x + 25
32| x + 5, x 2 + 5 x, x 2 + 7 x + 10
l Aavq
exRMwYZxq fMvsk
fMvsk A_ fvOv Ask| Avgiv `bw`b Rxeb GKwU m~Y wRwbmi mv_ Gi AskI eenvi Kwi| ZvB
fMvsk, MwYZi GKwU Acwinvh welq| cvwUMwYZxq fMvski gZv exRMwYZxq fMvskI jNyKiY I mvaviY
niwewkKiY iyZc~Y f~wgKv ivL| cvwUMwYZxq fMvski AbK RwUj mgmv exRMwYZxq fMvski gvag
mnR mgvavb Kiv hvq| KvRB wkv_x`i exRMwYZxq fMvsk mK my aviYv _vKv cqvRb| G
Aavq exRMwYZxq fMvski jNyKiY, mvaviY niwewkKiY Ges hvM I weqvM Dcvcb Kiv nqQ|
Aavq kl wkv_xiv
61 fMvsk
Avwei GKwU Avcj mgvb `yBfvM fvM Ki GK fvM Zvi fvB KweiK w`j| Zvnj `yB fvBqi cZK
cj AvcjwUi AaK, A_vr
1
1
Ask| GB GKwU fMvsk|
2
2
Avevi aiv hvK, wUbv GKwU ei 4 fvMi 3 fvM Kvjv is Kijv| Zvnj, Zvi is Kiv njv m~Y ewUi
1 3
3
Ask| GLvb , Gjv cvwUMwYZxq fMvsk hv`i je 1, 3 Ges ni 2,
4
2 4
4| hw` Kvbv fMvski ay je ev ay ni ev je I ni DfqK exRMwYZxq
cZxK ev ivwk viv cKvk Kiv nq, Ze Zv ne exRMwYZxq fMvsk| hgb,
a 5 a 2a a
x 2x + 1
, BZvw` exRMwYZxq fMvsk|
, , ,
, ,
,
4 b b a + b 5x x + 1 x 3
82
exRMwYZxq fMvsk
62 mgZzj fMvsk :
1
Ask Kvjv is Kiv nqQ Ges 2bs wP Pvi
2
2
fvMi `yB fvM, A_vr
Ask Kvjv is Kiv nqQ| wK `Lv
4
fvM, A_vr
1bs wP
2bs wP
1 1 2 2
1 1 3 3
=
= ; Avevi, =
=
2 23 6
2 2 2 4
5
1 2 3
Gfve,
= = =
= ........, Gjv cii mgZzj fMvsk|
2 4 6 10
a a c ac
GKBfve exRMwYZxq fMvski , =
[je I niK c viv Y Ki, c o ]
=
b b c bc
AZGe, Avgiv wjLZ cvwi,
ac
ac c
a
=
=
[je I niK c viv fvM Ki, c o ]
bc
bc c
b
a
ac
Ges
cii mgZzj fMvsk|
b
bc
Avevi,
jYxq h, Kvbv fMvski je I niK k~b Qvov GKB ivwk viv Y ev fvM Kij, fMvski gvbi Kvbv
cwieZb nq bv|
KvR :
a
2
Ges
Gi wZbwU Ki mgZzj fMvsk jL|
5
x
63 fMvski jNyKiY
wbPi Lvwj Nijv c~iY Ki (`yBwU Ki `Lvbv njv) :
9
3 3
3
=
=
12
2 23
4
24
a 2b
x3
ab
3x
=
6 xy
23
=
=
2mn
4m 2
x x x
=x
x x
MwYZ
83
Kvbv fMvski jNyKiYi A_ njv fMvskwUK jwN AvKvi cwiYZ Kiv| G Rb je I niK G`i
mvaviY YbxqK ev Drcv`K viv fvM Kiv nq| Kvbv fMvski je I nii ga Kvbv mvaviY YbxqK
ev Drcv`K bv _vKj Gic fMvskK jwN AvKvii fMvsk ejv nq|
D`vniY 1|
mgvavb :
4a 2bc
6ab 2c
4a 2bc
6ab 2c
weK cwZ :
D`vniY 2|
mgvavb :
K jNyKiY Ki|
4a 2bc
2
6ab c
2a 2 + 3ab
4a 2 9b 2
2a 2 + 3ab
2 2 a a b c
2a
.
=
2 3 a b b c
3b
4a 2 9b 2
2abc 2a
2a
. [je I nii M.mv.. 2abc ]
=
2abc 3b
3b
a
a (2a + 3b)
=
. Q x 2 y 2 = ( x + y )( x y )
(2a + 3b)(2a 3b)
2a 3b
D`vniY 3| jNyKiY Ki :
x2 + 5x + 6
x 2 + 3x + 2
x 2 + 5x + 6 x2 + 2x + 3x + 6
mgvavb : 2
= 2
x + x + 2x + 2
x + 3x + 2
=
x+3
x( x + 2) + 3( x + 2)
( x + 2)( x + 3)
=
=
.
x( x + 1) + 2( x + 1)
( x + 1)( x + 2)
x +1
a
a 3n
[Q 6bn 2b = 3n]
=
2b
2b 3n
3an
=
6bn
84
exRMwYZxq fMvsk
m
m 2b
[Q 6bn 3n = 2b]
=
3n
3n 2b
2bm
.
=
6bn
3an 2bm
mvaviY niwewk fMvsk `yBwU
,
.
6bn 6bn
Ges
a
b
.
,
4x 2x2
a
a x
=
Q 4x2 4x = x
4x
4x x
ax
=
.
4x 2
b2
b
Ges
= 2
Q 4x2 2x2 = 2
2
2x
2x 2
2b
= 2.
4x
ax
2b
mvaviY niwewk fMvsk `yBwU 2 , 2 .
4x 4 x
2
5
, 2
a 4 a + 3a 10
2
1g fMvski ni = a 2 4 = ( a + 2)( a 2)
2q fMvski ni = a 2 + 3a 10 = a 2 2 a + 5a 10
= a( a 2) + 5( a 2) = ( a 2)( a + 5)
2
2 ( a + 5)
2
=
=
[je I niK ( a + 5) viv Y Ki]
a 4 ( a + 2)( a 2) ( a + 2)( a 2) ( a + 5)
2
2( a + 5)
( a 4)( a + 5)
2
MwYZ
Ges
85
5
a + 3a 10
2
5
5 ( a + 2)
[je I niK ( a + 2)
=
( a 2)( a + 5) ( a 2)( a + 5) ( a + 2) viv Y Ki]
5( a + 2)
( a 4)( a + 5)
2
2( a + 5)
5( a + 2)
, 2
( a 4)( a + 5) ( a 4)( a + 5)
2
1
2
3
,
,
.
x2 + 3x x2 + 5x + 6 x2 x 12
mgvavb :
1g fMvski ni = x 2 + 3 x = x( x + 3)
2q fMvski ni = x 2 + 5 x + 6 = x 2 + 2 x + 3 x + 6
= x( x + 2) + 3( x + 2) = ( x + 2)( x + 3)
3q fMvski ni = x 2 x 12 = x 2 + 3 x 4 x 12
1
x2 + 3x
2q fMvsk =
2
x + 5x + 6
3q fMvsk =
3
x x 12
= x( x + 3) 4( x + 3) = ( x + 3)( x 4)
( x + 2)( x 4)
1 ( x + 2)( x 4)
=
x( x + 3) ( x + 2)( x 4) x( x + 2)( x + 3)( x 4)
2
2 x ( x 4)
=
( x + 2)(x + 3) ( x + 2)( x + 3) x ( x 4)
2 x ( x 4)
=
x ( x + 2)( x + 3)( x 4)
3
3 x( x + 2)
=
=
( x + 3)(x 4) ( x + 3)(x 4) x( x + 2)
3x( x + 2)
=
x( x + 2)(x + 3)(x 4).
=
( x + 2)( x 4)
2 x ( x 4)
3x( x + 2)
,
,
x ( x + 2)( x + 3)( x 4) x ( x + 2)( x + 3)( x 4) x( x + 2)(x + 3)(x 4).
86
exRMwYZxq fMvsk
KvR :
1| Drcv`K weklY Ki : a 9b , x + x 6.
2
a
b
,
2x 4 y
Abykxjbx 61
jwN AvKvi cKvk Ki (1-10) :
a 2b
1| 3
ac
a 2bc
2|
ab2c
x3 y 3 z 3
3| 2 2 2
x yz
a 2 + 4a + 4
8|
a2 4
2a + 3b
7|
4a 2 9b 2
x2 + x
4|
xy + y
x2 y 2
9|
( x + y) 2
4a 2b
5|
6a3b
6|
2a 4ab
1 4b2
x 2 + 2 x 15
10| 2
x + 9 x + 20
11|
a a
a
b
2x 3 y
x y
,
,
12|
13|
14|
,
,
bc ac
3m 2n
ab a+b
pq pr
x2
y2
,
15| 2
a 2ab a + 2b
18|
20|
a+b ab ac
2
x x2 x + x6
2
16|
19|
2
3
,
a 4 a(a + 2)
17|
a b a + b a(a + b)
a
b
,
a 9 a+3
2
MwYZ
87
cvwUMwYZ
m~Y eMvKvi wUK 1 aiv nj, Gi
2 2
=
4 4
1 1
=
`vMUvbv Ask = 1 Gi
4 4
2 1
gvU is Kiv Ask =
+
4 4
2 +1 3
=
=
4
4
4 3
3
mv`v Ask = 1 =
4 4
4
Kvjv Ask = 1 Gi
2 2x
=
4
4
x
1
`vMUvbv Ask = x Gi
=
4 4
Kvjv Ask = x Gi
2x x
+
4
4
2 x + x 3x
=
4
4
3x
=
4
4x 3x
=
=
4
mv`v Ask = x
43 1
=
4
4
4x 3x
4 4
x
4
a
b
Ges hvM Ki|
m
n
a
b
an bm
mgvavb :
+
=
+
m n mn nm
an + bm
=
mn
D`vniY 8|
88
exRMwYZxq fMvsk
3a b
.
+
2x 2 y
3a b 3a y b x 3ay + bx
=
+
=
+
2x 2 y 2 x y 2 y x
2xy
=
=
3 xy
3x 3 y
3xy
3xy
D`vniY 10| weqvM Ki :
1
1
.
2
a+2 a 4
1
1
1
1
1 ( a 2)
1
=
2
a + 2 a 4 a + 2 ( a + 2)( a 2) ( a + 2) ( a 2) ( a + 2)( a 2)
a3
(a 2) 1
a 2 1
=
=
=
.
(a + 2)(a 2) (a + 2)(a 2) a 2 4
mgvavb :
1 3
+ =
5 5
3 2
+ =
m n
2 5
+
=
x 2x
3
2
+ 2 =
m m
4 2
=
5 5
5 1
=
ab a
7
2z
=
xyz xy
5
2
=
2
p 3p
MwYZ
89
a
b
.
+
a+b ab
a
b
a ( a b) + b ( a + b) a 2 ab + ab + b2
mgvavb :
=
=
+
a+b ab
( a + b)( a b)
(a + b)(a b)
a2 + b2
.
= 2
a b2
D`vniY 14| mij Ki :
mgvavb :
x+ y y+z
z ( x + y) x ( y + z)
zx + zy xy xz
=
=
xy
yz
xyz
xyz
yz xy
y( z x) z x
=
=
.
xz
xyz
xyz
x+ y y+z
.
xy
yz
x y yz zx
+
xy
yz
zx
x y y z z x ( x y) z + ( y z) x ( z x) y
=
+
xy
yz
zx
xyz
zx yz + xy zx yz + xy 2xy 2 yz 2 y( x z) 2( x z)
=
=
=
xz
xyz
xyz
xyz
Abykxjbx 62
1|
ab
Gi mgZzj fMvsk wbPi KvbwU ?
xy
abc
(K).
xyz
a2b
(L). 2
x y
(M).
abz
xyz
(N).
a
x
90
exRMwYZxq fMvsk
2x + x2
2|
Gi jwN AvKvi wbPi KvbwU ?
6x
x
1
2+ x
(K).
(L).
(M).
3
6
6
3|
4|
5|
2
3
I
Gi mgniwewk fMvsk wbPi KvbwU ?
3a 5ab
b
10b
9
6
2
3
(K).
(L).
(M).
,
,
,
15ab 15ab
15ab 15ab
15ab 15ab
y
x
I
Gi mvaviY niwewk fMvsk wbPi KvbwU ?
yz zx
zx 2
y2z
x2
y2
x
y
,
,
(L).
(M).
(K).
,
xyz xyz
xyz 2 xyz 2
xyz 2 xyz 2
1+ x
3
(N).
9a
10a
,
2
15a b 15a 2b
x2 y2
(N).
,
xyz xyz
wbPi Z_jv j Ki :
i.
ac
ac + 1
a
a
3a
; ii.
+
=
;
+1 =
bd
bd + 1
2b 4b 4b
(N).
iii.
3 x 2 x 13 x
=
y 5y 5y
(M). i I iii
(N). i, ii I iii
3a
a
a
,
, 2
wZbwU exRMwYZxq fMvsk|
x + 1 2x + 2 x 1
1
2x + 2
(L).
2a
x+2
(M).
a
x +1
(N).
a
2( x + 1)
(N). 2( x + 1)
MwYZ
91
K.
a ( x 1)
2( x 2 1)
L.
2( x 1)
2
M.
a ( x 1)
2( x + 1)
N.
2a( x 1)
x2 1
x
y
2
1
3a 2b
+
8|
+
9|
+
5x 5x
5
2a 3b
5
4
3
12| 2
+
x 4x 5 x +1
7|
10|
2
2a
a
2a
+
11|
+
x +1 x 2
a+2 a2
2a 4b
7
7
3
2
16|
x+3 x+2
13|
2x 4 y
5a 5a
p+q q+r
17|
pq
qr
14|
15|
18|
a
b
8x 4 y
2x
x2 4 y2
x
xy + 2 y 2
mij Ki : (19-24) :
a a 3a
1
1
21| +
x + 2 x2 4
3 6 8
a 2 6a + 5
x
y
z
x y yz zx
a 3a 2a
22|
+
23|
24|
+
+
+
b 2b 3b
yz zx xy
xy
yz
zx
x
x
y
25| wZbwU exRMwYZxq fMvsk :
,
,
x + y x 4 y x 2 3 xy 4 y 2
19|
1
a 1
20|
1
1
1
, 2
,
a(a + 2) a + 5a + 6 a 2 a 6
mg Aavq
mij mgxKiY
Avgiv l kwYZ mgxKiY I mij mgxKiY Kx Zv RbwQ Ges evewfwK mgmv _K mgxKiY MVb Ki
Zv mgvavb KiZ wkLwQ| mg kwYi G Aavq Avgiv mgxKiY mgvavbi wKQz wewa I G`i cqvM mK
Rvbe Ges eve mgmvi wfwZ mgxKiY MVb Ki Zv mgvavb Kiv wkLe| G QvovI G Aavq jLwP
mK cv_wgK aviYv `Iqv nqQ Ges mgxKiYi mgvavb jLwP `Lvbv nqQ|
Aavq kl wkv_xiv
mgxKiYi cvi wewa, eRb wewa, AvoYb wewa, cwZmvg wewa evLv KiZ cvie|
mgxKiYi wewamg~n cqvM Ki mgxKiY mgvavb KiZ cvie|
mij mgxKiY MVb I mgvavb KiZ cvie|
jLwP Kx Zv evLv KiZ cvie|
jLwPi A I myweavRbK GKK wbq we`ycvZb KiZ cvie|
jLwPi mvnvh mgxKiYi mgvavb KiZ cvie|
2 y 1 = y + 3,
3z 5 = 0,
4x + 3 = x 1,
MwYZ
93
72 mgxKiYi wewamg~n
(1) cvi wewa :
mgxKiY-1
cieZx avc
(K)
x 5+5=3+5
[^Ztwm (1)]
x5=3
(L)
mgxKiY-2
x = 3+5
cieZx avc
(K) 4x 3x = 3x + 7 3x
[^Ztwm (2)]
4x = 3x + 7
(L)
4x 3x = 7
94
mij mgxKiY
2x + 3 = a + 3
cieZx avc
(K) 2 x + 3 3 = a + 3 3
(L)
mgxKiY-2 7 x 5 = 2a 5
[^Ztwm (2)]
2x = a
cieZx avc
(K) 7 x 5 + 5 = 2a 5 + 5
(L)
[^Ztwm (1)]
7 x = 2a
cieZx avc
(K)
4( 2 x + 1) 4( x 2)
=
4
4
(L)
2x + 1 = x 2
[^Z:wm (4)]
mgxKiYwUi (L) Gi Dfqc _K mvaviY Drcv`K mivmwi eRb Kiv hvq| GK ejv nq Yi eRb
wewa|
(3) AvoYb wewa :
mgxKiY
x 5
=
2 3
cieZx avc
5
x
6= 6
2
3
(L) 3 x = 2 5
(K)
[DfqcK ni 2 I 3 Gi
j.mv.. 6 viv Y Kiv nqQ]
MwYZ
95
2 x + 1 = 5x 8
ev, 5x 8 = 2x + 1
GKB mv_ evgci mejv c` Wvbc I Wvbci mejv c` evgc Kvbv wP cwieZb bv Ki
vbvi Kiv hvq| GK ejv nq cwZmvg wewa|
DwjwLZ ^Ztwmmg~n I wewamg~n cqvM Ki GKwU mgxKiYK Aci GKwU mnR mgxKiY icvi Ki
mekl Zv x = a AvKvi cvIqv hvq| A_vr, PjK x Gi gvb a wbYq Kiv nq|
D`vniY 1| mgvavb Ki : x + 3 = 9.
x+3=9
ev, x = 9 3
ev, x = 6
mgvavb : x = 6
weK wbqg : x + 3 = 9
mgvavb :
[cvi Ki]
ev, x + 3 3 = 9 3 [Dfqc _K 3
ev, x = 6
mgvavb : x = 6
4 y 5 = 2 y 1.
ev,
4 y 2 y = 1 + 5 [cvi Ki]
ev,
2y = 4
ev,
2y = 2 2
ev,
mgvavb : y = 2
w cixv : c` mgxKiY y Gi gvb 2 ewmq cvB,
evgc = 4 y 5 = 4 2 5 = 8 5 = 3
Wvbc = 2 y 1 = 2 2 1 = 4 1 = 3.
evgc = Wvbc
mgxKiYwUi mgvavb nqQ|
weqvM Ki]
96
mij mgxKiY
D`vniY 3| mgvavb Ki :
mgvavb :
ev,
ev,
ev,
ev,
2z z
3
=
3 6
4
2z z
3
=
3 6
4
4z z
3
=
[evgc ni 3, 6 Gi j.mv.. 6 ]
6
4
3z
3
=
6
4
z
3
=
2
4
4 z = 2 (3) [AvoYb Ki]
ev,
2 2z = 2 (3)
ev,
2z
3
= [DfqcK 2 viv fvM Ki]
2
2
3
ev, z =
2
3
mgvavb : z = .
2
D`vniY 4| mgvavb Ki : 2(5 + x ) = 16.
mgvavb : 2(5 + x ) = 16
[eb wewa Abymvi]
ev, 2 5 + 2 x = 16
ev, 10 + 2 x = 16
ev, 2 x + 10 10 = 16 10 [Dfqc _K 10 weqvM Ki]
ev, 2 x = 6
2x 6
=
[DfqcK 2 viv fvM Ki]
ev,
2 2
ev, x = 3.
mgvavb x = 3
ev,
MwYZ
97
3x + 7 5x 4
1
+
= x+3
4
7
2
3x + 7 5x 4
1
mgvavb :
+
= x+3
4
7
2
3x + 7 5x 4
7
+
x=
ev,
[cvi Ki]
4
7
2
7(3 x + 7) + 4(5 x 4) 28 x 7
ev,
=
[evgc ni 4, 7 Gi j.mv.. 28]
28
2
21x + 49 + 20 x 16 28 x 7
ev,
=
[eb wewa Abymvi]
28
2
13 x + 33 7
=
ev,
28
2
7
13 x + 33
ev, 28
= 28 [DfqcK 28 viv Y Ki]
2
28
ev, 13 x + 33 = 98
ev, 13 x = 98 33
ev, 13 x = 65
13 x 65
ev,
=
[DfqcK 13 viv fvM Ki]
13 13
ev, x = 5
mgvavb : x = 5
D`vniY 5| mgvavb Ki :
KvR : mgvavb Ki :
1| 2 x 1 = 0 2|
x
+1 = 3
2
3| 4( y 3) = 8
Abykxjbx 71
mgvavb Ki :
1|
3|
5|
7|
4x + 1 = 2x + 7
3y + 1 = 7 y 1
17 2 z = 3 z + 2
x 1
=
4 3
2|
4|
6|
8|
5x 3 = 2x + 3
7y 5 = y 1
13 z 5 = 3 2 z
x
+1 = 3
2
98
9|
11|
13|
15|
17|
19|
mij mgxKiY
x
x
+5= +7
3
2
y 2 5y 4
=
5 7
7 5
5x 4 x 2
+ = +
7 5 5 7
3y + 1 3y 7
=
5
3
2( x + 3) = 10
7(3 2 y ) + 5( y 1) = 34
10|
12|
14|
16|
18|
20|
y y y 1
=
2 3 5 6
2z 1
=5
3
1
y 2 2y 1
+
= y
4
3
3
x +1 x 2 x 3
=2
2
3
5
5( x 2) = 3( x 4)
( z 1)( z + 2) = ( z + 4)( z 2)
x
+ 1 = 3 | mgxKiYwU mgvavb Kij x Gi gvb cvIqv hve| A_vr,
2
c` Z_
1|
2|
cyi eZgvb eqm y eQi, wcZvi eqm cyi eqmi PviY Ges Zv`i
mgxKiY
y + 4 y = 45
D`vniY 7| Anbv GKwU cixvq BsiwRZ I MwYZ gvU 176 b^i cqQ Ges BsiwR Acv MwYZ
MwYZ
99
ckgZ,
x + x + 10 = 176
ev, 2 x + 10 = 176
ev, 2 x = 176 10 [cvi Ki]
ev, 2 x = 166
2 x 166
[DfqcK 2 viv fvM Ki]
ev,
=
2
2
ev, x = 83
x + 10 = 83 + 10 = 93
Anbv BsiwRZ cqQ 83 b^i Ges MwYZ cqQ 93 b^i|
1
1
D`vniY 8| kvgj `vKvb _K wKQz Kjg wKbj| mjvi
Ask Zvi evbK I
Ask Zvi fvBK
3
2
w`j| Zvi KvQ Avi 5 wU Kjg iBj| kvgj KqwU Kjg wKbwQj?
mgvavb : awi, kvgj x wU Kjg wKbwQj|
1
1
x
x
wU ev wU Kjg Ges Zvi fvBK `q x Gi
wU ev wU
2
2
3
3
x x
+ =5
2 3
x x
x =5
2 3
6 x 3x 2 x
= 5 [evgc ni 2, 3 Gi j.mv.. 6 ]
6
x
=5
6
x = 5 6 [AvoYb Ki]
x = 30
kZvbymvi, x
ev,
ev,
ev,
ev,
ev,
100
mij mgxKiY
D`vniY 9| GKwU evm Nvq 25 wK.wg. MwZeM XvKvi MveZjx _K AvwiPv cuQvj| Avevi evmwU Nvq
1
30 wK.wg. MwZeM AvwiPv _K MveZjx wdi Gj| hvZvqvZ evmwUi gvU 5 Nv mgq jvMj| MveZjx
2
d
Nv|
25
d
Nv|
30
d + d Nv|
25 30
d
d
1
+
=5
2
25 30
6d + 5d 11
ev,
=
150
2
ckgZ,
75
11
ev, 11d = 150
2
1
ev, d = 75
Abykxjbx 72
wbPi mgmvjv _K mgxKiY MVb Ki mgvavb Ki :
1|
2|
3|
4|
5|
6|
7|
`yBwU msLvi hvMdj 55 Ges eo msLvwUi 5 Y QvU msLvwUi 6 Yi mgvb| msLv `yBwU wbYq
Ki|
MwYZ
101
8|
MxZv, wiZv I wgZvi GK 180 UvKv AvQ| wiZvi Pq MxZvi 6 UvKv Kg I wgZvi 12 UvKv ewk
AvQ| Kvi KZ UvKv AvQ?
9|
GKwU LvZv I GKwU Kjgi gvU `vg 75 UvKv| LvZvi `vg 5 UvKv Kg I Kjgi `vg 2 UvKv
ewk nj, LvZvi `vg Kjgi `vgi wY nZv| LvZv I Kjgi KvbwUi `vg KZ?
1
1
Ask Avcj,
Ask Kgjvjey I 40 wU Avg AvQ| Zuvi wbKU
3
2
jLwP
74 vbvi aviYv
dvi weLvZ MwYZwe` ib `KvZ (Rene Descartes :
15961650) : mec_g vbvi aviYv `b| wZwb `yBwU
ciiQ`x j^iLvi mvc we`yi Aevb evLv Kib|
GKwU kwYK GKK Avmbwebvm GKRb wkv_xi Aevb
Kv_vq RvbZ nj Abyf~wgK iLv ev kqvb iLv eivei Kv_vq
AvQ Ges Dj^ iLv ev Lvov iLv eivei Kv_vq AvQ Zv Rvbv
`iKvi|
awi, kwYK GKRb wkv_x wjRv ( L )-Gi Aevb RvbZ
PvB| wjRvi AevbK GKwU we`y () wnme weePbv Kiv hvq|
wP j Kwi, wjRv GKwU wbw` we`y O _K Abyf~wgK iLv
OX eivei 3 GKK `~i M we`yZ Ges mLvb _K Dj^
iLv OY Gi mgvivj iLv eivei Dciw`K 2 GKK `~i L
we`yZ Aevb KiQ| Zvi G AevbK (3, 2) viv cKvk Kiv
nq|
102
mij mgxKiY
75 we`y cvZb
QK KvMR mgvb `~i ciiQ`x mgvivj mijiLv viv QvU
QvU eM wef Kiv _vK| QK KvMR Kvbv we`yi Aevb
`LvbvK ev Kvbv we`y vcb KivK we`y cvZb ej| we`y
cvZbi Rb myweavgZv `yBwU cii j^ mijiLv bIqv nq|
wP XOX I YOY iLvq cii j^fve O we`yZ Q`
KiQ| O we`yK ejv nq g~jwe`y| Abyf~wgK iLv XOX K
MwYZ
103
z`Zg eMi cwZ evi `NK GKK awi| A we`ywU vcb KiZ g~jwe`y O _K x -Ai
Wvbw`K eivei 3wU QvU eMi evi mgvb `~i wMq Dcii w`K 2wU QvU eMi evi mgvb DV Mj h
we`ywU cvIqv hve, Zv A we`y| Abyicfve c` Aewk we`ymg~n vcb Kwi| Zvici
A B C D A Gfve we`yjv hvM Kwi| GZ ABCD wPwU cvIqv Mj| `Lv hvq
h, ABCD wPwU GKwU AvqZ|
KvR :
mgxKiYwUi mgvavb x = |
D`vniY 2| 3 x 6 = 0 mgvavb Ki Ges jLwP mgvavb c`kb Ki|
mgvavb : 3 x 6 = 0
ev, 3x = 6
(6,12)
[cvi Ki]
(5, 9)
3x 6
= [DfqcK 3 viv fvM Ki]
3 3
ev, x = 2
ev,
mgvavb : x = 2
(2, 0)
Y
104
mij mgxKiY
jLwP Ab : c` mgxKiY 3 x 6 = 0
x Gi KqKwU gvb wbq 3 x 6 Gi Abyic
gvb ei Kwi Ges wbPi QKwU Zwi Kwi :
x
3x 6
( x,3 x 6)
2
5
( 2,0)
(5,9)
12
(6,12)
jLwP Abi Rb wZbwU we`y ( 2, 0), (5, 9) I (6, 12) bIqv njv|
gb Kwi, cii j^ XOX I YOY h_vg x -A I y -A Ges 0 g~jwe`y|
QK KvMR Dfq A z`Zg eMi GK evi `NK GKK ai ( 2, 0), (5, 9) , (6, 12) we`yjv
vcb Kwi| Zvici we`yjv cici mshvM Kwi| jLwP GKwU mijiLv cvB| mijiLvwU x -AK
QK-1
x
0
2
4
3x 4
4
2
8
( x, 3 x 4)
(0, 4)
( 2, 2)
( 4, 8)
( 4, 8) wbB|
Avevi, x Gi KqKwU gvb wbq x + 4 Gi Abyic gvb ei Kwi Ges cvki QK-2 Zwi Kwi :
x + 4 Gi jLi Dci wZbwU we`y (0, 4), (2, 2) , (4, 0)
wbB|
gb Kwi, cii j^ XOX I YOY h_vg x -A I y A Ges 0 g~jwe`y| GLb, QK-1 G cv (0, 4), (2, 2) ,
QK-2
x
0
2
4
x+4
( x, - x + 4)
(0, 4)
2
0
(2, 2)
(4, 0)
MwYZ
105
2| 3 x + 5 = 2
Abykxjbx 73
1|
2|
3|
4|
x 1
= mgxKiYi g~j wbPi KvbwU?
2 3
2
1
3
K.
L.
M.
N. 6
3
2
2
x
3 = 0 mgxKiYi g~j wbPi KvbwU?
3
1
K.
L. 3
M. 9
N. 9
3
GKwU wfyRi ev wZbwUi `N ( x + 1) m.wg., ( x + 2) m.wg. I ( x + 3) m.wg. ( x > 0) |
wfyRwUi cwimxgv 15 m.wg. nj, x Gi gvb KZ?
L. 2 m.wg. M. 3 m.wg.
N. 6 m.wg.
K. 1 m.wg.
Kvb msLvi GK-PZz_vsk 4 Gi mgvb ne?
K. 16
5|
L. 12
M. 4
N.
1
4
wbPi Z_jv j Ki :
i. mgxKiYi Dfqc _K mvaviY Drcv`K eRb Kiv hvq|
ii. 2x + 1 = x 3 GKwU wNvZ mgxKiY|
iii. x + 2 = 2 mgxKiYi g~j 0 .
Dcii Z_i wfwZ wbPi KvbwU mwVK?
L. i I iii
M. ii I iii
K. i I ii
N. i, ii I iii
106
6|
7|
mij mgxKiY
KbKi wbKU 8 wU I Kqvi wbKU 12 wU PKjU AvQ| Zvnj wbPi ckjvi Di `vI :
(1) Kqv KbKK x wU PKjU w`j Zv`i PKjU msLv mgvb ne| m wbPi Kvb
mgxKiYwU mwVK?
L. 8 = 12 x
M. 8 + x = 12 x
N. 8 x = x 12
K. 8 + x = 12
(2) x Gi gvb KZ nj Zv`i PKjU msLv mgvb ne?
L. 4
M. 6
N. 10
K. 2
(3) KbK KqvK KqwU PKjU w`j Kqvi PKjU KbKi PKjUi PviY ne?
L. 4
M. 6
N. 10
K. 2
wP _K wbPi QKwU c~iY Ki :
(Dfq A z`Zg eMi evi `NK GKK ai)
we`y
vbv
A
B
C
D
O
P
Q
(4, 3)
(2, )
( , 5)
( , )
( , )
( , 0)
(0, )
8| wbPi we`yjv QK KvMR vcb Ki ZxiwP Abyhvqx hvM Ki I wPwUi RvwgwZK bvgKiY Ki :
(K) (2, 2) (6, 2), (6, 6) (2, 6) (2, 2),
(L) (0, 0) (6, 6), (8, 6) (0, 0)
9| mgvavb Ki Ges mgvavb jLwP `LvI :
(L) 2 x + 4 = 0
(K) x 4 = 0
(O) 3 x + 4 = 5 x
(N) 2x + 1 = x 3
(M) x + 3 = 8
10| GKwU wfyRi wZb evi `N ( x + 2) m.wg. ( x + 4) m.wg. I ( x + 6) m.wg. ( x > 0) Ges
wfyRwUi cwimxgv 18 m.wg.|
K. c` kZvbyhvqx AvbycvwZK wP AuvK|
L. mgxKiY MVb Ki mgvavb Ki|
M. mgvavbi jLwP AuvK|
11| XvKv I AvwiPvi gaeZx `~iZ 77 wK.wg.| GKwU evm Nvq 30 wK.wg. eM XvKv _K AvwiPvi c_
iIbv w`j| Aci GKwU evm Nvq 40 wK.wg. eM AvwiPv _K XvKvi c_ GKB mgq iIbv w`j I
evm `yBwU XvKv _K x wK.wg. `~i wgwjZ njv|
K. evm `yBwU AvwiPv _K KZ `~i wgwjZ ne Zv x Gi gvag cKvk Ki|
L. x Gi gvb wbYq Ki|
M. Mevb cuQvZ Kvb evmi KZ mgq jvMe?
Ag Aavq
mgvivj mijiLv
`bw`b Rxeb Avgv`i Pvicvk hv wKQz `wL I eenvi Kwi Gi wKQz PviKvbv, wKQz MvjvKvi| Avgv`i
Nievwo, `vjvbKvVv, `iRv-Rvbvjv, LvU-Avjgvwi, Uwej-Pqvi, eB-LvZv BZvw` meB PviKvbv| G`i
avijv mijiLv wnme weePbv Kij `Lv hvq h, Giv mg`~ieZx ev mgvivj|
Aavq kl wkv_xiv
mgvivj mijiLv I Q`K viv Drcb KvYi ewk evLv KiZ cvie|
`yBwU mijiLv mgvivj nIqvi kZ eYbv KiZ cvie|
`yBwU mijiLv mgvivj nIqvi kZ cgvY KiZ cvie|
108
mgvivj mijiLv
A_
wP
A_
hvM
KvY
mgvb
j^
>
eni
wfzR
<
z`Zi
memg
hnZz
ll
mgvivj
myZivs , AZGe
8.2 Q`K
Kvbv mijiLv `yB ev ZZvwaK mijiLvK wewfb we`yZ Q` Kij GK Q`K ej|
wP, AB I CD `yBwU mijiLv Ges LM mijiLv mjvK `yBwU wfb we`y P, Q Z Q` KiQ|
LM mijiLv AB I
At KvY
3 , 4 , 5 , 6
ewnt KvY
1 , 2 , 7 , 8
1 Ges 5 , 2 Ges 6
3 Ges 7 , 4 Ges 8
3 Ges 6 , 4 Ges 5
1 Ges 8 , 2 Ges 7
3 Ges 5 , 4 Ges 6
MwYZ
109
KvR
1|(K) wPi KvYjv Rvovq Rvovq kbv Ki|
(L) 3 I 6 Gi Abyi~c KvY `LvI|
(M) 4 Gi wecZxc KvY Ges 1 Gi m~iK KvY wb`k Ki|
Dcii wP, AB I CD `yBwU mgvivj mijiLv Ges EF mijiLv mjvK `yBwU we`y P I Q Z
Q` KiQ| EF mijiLv AB I CD mijiLvqi Q`K| Q`KwU AB I CD mijiLv `yBwUi
mv_ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 gvU AvUwU KvY Zwi KiQ| G KvYjvi ga
(K) 1 Ges 5 , 2 Ges 6 , 3 Ges 7 , 4 Ges 8 cii Abyi~c KvY|
(L) 3 Ges 6 , 4 Ges 5 njv cii GKvi KvY|
(M) 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 At KvY|
110
mgvivj mijiLv
`yBwU mgvivj mijiLvi GKwU Q`K viv Drcb Q`Ki GKB cvki At KvY `yBwU cii
m~iK|
MwYZ
111
Dccv` 1
`yBwU mgvivj mijiLvK G`i GKwU mijiLv Q` Kij GKvi KvY Rvov mgvb|
wekl wbePb : gb Kwi, AB CD Ges PQ
Q`K Zv`i h_vg E I F we`yZ Q`
KiQ| cgvY KiZ ne h, AEF = GKvi
EFD |
cgvY :
avc :
(1) PEB = Abyic EFD
(2) PEB = wecZxc AEF
AEF = EFD
[cgvwYZ]
P
E
A
C
Q
h_v_Zv
[mgvivj iLvi msvbymvi Abyic KvY mgvb]
[wecZxc KvYq cii mgvb]
[(1) I (2) _K]
KvR :
1| cgvY Ki h, `yBwU mgvivj mijiLvi GKwU Q`K viv Drcb Q`Ki GKB cvki
A KvYq cii mgvb|
F we`yZ Q` KiQ|
myZivs, (K) AEF = GKvi EFD
(L) PEB = Abyi~c EFD
(M) BEF + EFD = `yB mgKvY|
KvR :
1| GKwU mijiLvi Dci `yBwU we`y bvI| iLvwUi we`y `yBwUZ GKB w`K 60 Gi mgvb `yBwU KvY AuvK|
KvYqi AwZ ev `yBwU mgvivj wKbv hvPvB Ki|
112
mgvivj mijiLv
Abykxjbx 8
1|
wP, PQR = 55o , LRN = 90 o Ges PQ ll MR nj, MRN Gi gvb wbPi KvbwU ?
K. 35o
L. 45o
M. 55o
N. 90o
2|
L. 50o
M. 55o
N. 75o
4|
AB ll CD ll EF
L. 104o
M. 128o
N. 156o
MwYZ
113
(1)
(2)
L. 32o
N. 58o
M. 122o
N. 148o
L. 103o
K. 58o
(3) wbPi KvbwU y z Gi gvb ?
5|
M. 45o
L. 77 o
M. 103o
N. 122o
K. 58o
i. GKB iLvi Dci AewZ `yBwU mwbwnZ KvY cii mgvb nZ cvi|
ii. wecZxc KvYqi mgwLK GKB mijiLvq AewZ|
iii. GKwU iLvi ewnt GKwU we`y w`q H iLvi mgvivj GKvwaK iLv AuvKv hvq|
M. ii I iii
o
wP, AB llCD, BPE = 60 Ges PQ = PR.
1
APE = 60o
2
K.
`LvI h,
L.
M.
N. i, ii I iii
beg Aavq
wfyR
Avgiv RbwQ, wZbwU iLvsk viv Ave i mxgviLvK wfyR ejv nq Ges iLvskjvK wfyRi ev
ej| hKvbv `yBwU evi mvaviY we`yK kxlwe`y ejv nq| `yBwU ev kxlwe`yZ h KvY Drcb Ki Zv
wfyRi GKwU KvY| wfyRi wZbwU ev I wZbwU KvY AvQ| evf` wfzR wZb cKvi: mgev, mgwev
I welgev| Avevi KvYf`I wfzR wZb cKvi: m~KvYx, jKvYx I mgKvYx| wfyRi ev wZbwUi
`Ni mgwK wfyRi cwimxgv ejv nq| Gi AvjvK wfzRi Abvb ewk Ges wfzR msv gwjK
Dccv` I Ab welq AvjvPbv Kiv nqQ|
Aavq kl wkv_xiv
91 wfyRi gagv
cvki wP, ABC GKwU wfyR| A, B, C wfzRwUi wZbwU
kxlwe`y| AB, BC , CA wfzRwUi wZbwU ev Ges
MwYZ
115
92 wfyRi DPZv
cvki wP, ABC GKwU wfyR| A kxlwe`y nZ wecixZ ev
1| GKwU wfzR AvuK| Gi KvY wZbwU KU wP (ii) Gi bvq mvRvI| wZbwU KvY wgj GLb GKwU KvY njv|
KvYwU mij KvY Ges Gi cwigvc 180 | wfyRi wZbwU KvYi mgw 180|
116
wfyR
2| GKwU wfzR AuvK Ges Gi Abyic AviI `yBwU wfzR AuvK| wfzR wZbwU wPi bvq mvRvI| KvY
wZbwU GK mij KvY Zwi Ki wK?
3| h Kvbv wZbwU wfzR Ab Ki| Puv`vi mvnvh cwZwU wfzRi KvYjv cwigvc Ki Ges wbPi
mviwYwU c~iY Ki|
wfzR
KvYi cwigvc
ABC
A =
B =
KvYjvi hvMdj
C =
A + B + C
MwYZ
117
cgvY :
avc
h_v_Zv
[cgvwYZ]
wfzRi GKwU evK ewaZ Kij h ewnt KvY Drcb nq, Zv Gi wecixZ At
KvYqi mgwi mgvb|
Abywmv 2|
wfzRi GKwU evK ewaZ Kij h ewnt KvY Drcb nq, Zv Gi At wecixZ KvY
`yBwUi cZKwU Acv eni|
Abywmv 3|
Abywmv 4|
Abykxjbx 91
1|
wP, ABC Gi ABC = 90o , BAC = 48o Ges BD, AC Gi Dci j^| Aewk
KvYjvi gvb wbYq Ki|
2|
GKwU mgwev wfzRi kxlwe`yZ AewZ KvYwUi gvb 500| Aewk KvY `yBwUi gvb wbYq Ki|
3|
4|
Ges
LM RS , EF PQ. cgvY Ki h,
MLO = FEO.
5|
ED
118
wfyR
95 wfyRi ev I KvYi mK
wfzRi ev I KvYi ga mK iqQ| welqwU evSvi Rb wbPi KvRwU Ki|
KvR :
1| hKvbv GKwU KvY AuvK| KvYwUi kxlwe`y _K Dfq evZ mgvb `~iZ `yBwU we`y wPwZ Ki|
we`y `yBwU hy Ki| GKwU mgwev wfzR AwZ njv| Puv`vi mvnvh f~wg msjM KvY `yBwU cwigvc
Ki| KvY `yBwU wK mgvb ?
wfzR
evi cwigvc
KvYi cwigvc
ABC
AB =
BC =
A =
B =
C =
CA =
evi Zzjbv
KvYi Zzjbv
cwZwU Kvbv `yBwU ev I G`i wecixZ KvYjv Zzjbv Ki| G _K Kx wmv DcbxZ nIqv hvq?
Dccv` 2
Kvbv wfzRi GKwU ev Aci GKwU ev Acv eni nj, eni evi wecixZ KvY z`Zi evi
wecixZ KvY Acv eni ne|
wekl wbePb: gb Kwi, ABC - G AC > AB.
MwYZ
cgvY:
avc
119
h_v_Zv
Dccv` 3
Kvbv wfzRi GKwU KvY Aci GKwU KvY Acv eni nj, eni KvYi wecixZ ev z`Zi KvYi
wecixZ ev Acv eni|
wekl wbePb: gb Kwi, ABC Gi
avc
h_v_Zv
120
wfyR
ijvii mvnvh wfzRi evjvi `N gvc Ges wbPi mviwYwU c~iY Ki:
wfzR
wZb evi `N
mZ wKbv
mZ/wg_v
ABC
PQR
XYZ
j Kwi, hKvbv wfzRi hKvbv `yB evi `Ni hvMdj Gi ZZxq evi `N Acv ewk| Avgiv
AviI j Kwi, hKvbv wfzRi hKvbv `yB evi `Ni weqvMdj Gi ZZxq evi `N Acv Kg|
MwYZ
121
Dccv` 4
wfzRi hKvbv `yB evi `Ni mgw Gi ZZxq evi `N Acv eni|
wekl wbePb: gb Kwi, ABC GKwU wfzR| cgvY
(1) ADC - G AD = AC .
h_v_Zv
[mgwev wfzRi f~wg msjM KvYq mgvb]
BD > BC .
(4) wK BD = AB + AD = AB + AC
[ hnZz AC = AD ]
AB + AC > BC . (cgvwYZ)
Abykxjbx 92
wbPi Z_i wfwZ 1-3 b^i cki Di `vI :
122
1|
wfyR
2|
N. 180o
L. mgwev
M. mgev
N. mgKvYx
L. mgKvYx
M. mgev
N. mgwev
L. 4 m.wg.
M. 9 m.wg.
N. 10 m.wg.
mgwev wfyRi mgvb evqK ewaZ Kij Drcb ewnt KvYqi GKwU 120o nj, AciwU KZ?
K. 120o
7|
M. 120o
GKwU wfyRi `yBwU ev h_vg 5 m.wg. Ges 4 m.wg. wfyRi Aci evwU wbPi KvbwU nZ
cvi?
K. 1 m.wg.
6|
L. 90o
K. yjKvYx
5|
N. 120o
4.
M. 60o
3|
L. 45o
L. 90o
M. 60o
N. 30o
mgKvYx wfyRi m~KvYqi GKwU 40o nj, Aci m~KvYi gvb wbPi KvbwU ?
K. 40o
L. 45o
M. 50o
N. 60 o
8|
Kvbv wfyRi GKwU KvY Aci `yBwU KvYi mgwi mgvb nj, wfyRwU Kx aibi ne?
K. mgev
L. m~KvYx
M. mgKvYx
N. jKvYx
9|
10| ABC GKwU mgwev wfzR Ges Gi AB = AC ; BC K hKvbv `~iZ D ch evovbv njv|
cgvY Ki h, AD > AB.
11| ABCD PZzfyR AB = AD, BC = CD Ges CD > AD.
cgvY Ki h, DAB > BCD.
MwYZ
123
12| ABC - G AB = AC Ges D, BC -Gi Dci GKwU we`y| cgvY Ki h, AB > AD.
13| ABC - G AB AC Ges D, AC -Gi Dci GKwU we`y| cgvY Ki h, BC > BD.
14| cgvY Ki h, mgKvYx wfzRi AwZfyRB eng ev|
15| cgvY Ki h, wfzRi eng evi wecixZ KvY eng|
16| wP, PM QR , QPM = RPM Ges
QPR = 90 o
97 wfyR Ab
cZK wfyRi QqwU Ask AvQ; wZbwU ev Ges wZbwU KvY| wfyRi GB QqwU Aski KqKwU Aci
GKwU wfyRi Abyi~c Aski mgvb nj `yBwU wfyR memg nZ cvi| myZivs Kej H Askjv `Iqv
_vKj wfyRwUi AvKvi wbw` nq Ges wfyRwU AuvKv hvq| wbPi Dcvjv Rvbv _vKj GKwU wbw` wfyR
mnRB AuvKv hvq:
(1) wZbwU ev,
(2) `yBwU ev I G`i Afy KvY,
(3) GKwU ev I G`i msjM `yBwU KvY,
(4) `yBwU KvY I G`i GKwUi wecixZ ev,
(5) `yBwU ev I G`i GKwU wecixZ KvY,
(6) mgKvYx wfzRi AwZfyR I Aci GKwU ev A_ev KvY|
mv` 1
Kvbv wfyRi wZbwU ev `Iqv AvQ, wfyRwU AuvKZ ne|
124
Ab :
(1) hKvbv iwk BD _K a Gi mgvb Ki BC KU
wbB|
(2) B I C we`yK K` Ki h_vg b Ges c Gi mgvb
evmva wbq BC Gi GKB cvk `yBwU ePvc AuvwK| ePvc
`yBwU cii A we`yZ Q` Ki|
wfyR
KvR :
1| 8 m.wg., 5 m.wg. I 6 m.wg `Ni wZbwU evwewk GKwU wfzR AuvK|
2| 8 m.wg., 5 m.wg. I 3 m.wg `Ni wZbwU evwewk GKwU wfzR Abi Pv Ki|
ge : wfyRi `yB evi mgw Gi ZZxq ev Acv eni| ZvB c` evjv Ggb nZ ne h,
hKvbv `yBwUi `Ni mgw ZZxqwUi `N Acv eni nq| ZvnjB wfyRwU AuvKv me ne|
MwYZ
mv` 2
Kvbv wfyRi `yBwU ev I G`i Afy KvY `Iqv AvQ, wfyRwU AuvKZ ne|
mv` 3
Kvbv wfyRi GKwU ev I Gi msjM `yBwU KvY `Iqv AvQ| wfyRwU AuvKZ ne|
gb Kwi, GKwU wfyRi GKwU ev a Ges Gi msjM `yBwU KvY
125
126
wfyR
mv` 4
Kvbv wfyRi `yBwU KvY Ges G`i GKwUi wecixZ ev `Iqv AvQ, wfyRwU AuvKZ ne|
Ab :
MwYZ
127
ej BF ll CE ev BA ll CE |
GLb BA ll CE Ges AC G`i Q`K|
mv` 5
Kvbv wfyRi `yBwU ev Ges G`i GKwUi wecixZ KvY `Iqv AvQ, wfyRwU AuvKZ ne|
128
wfyR
mv` 6
Kvbv mgKvYx wfyRi AwZfyR I Aci GKwU ev `Iqv AvQ, wfyRwU AuvKZ ne|
GK mgKvY|
ABC -B wbYq wfyR|
Abykxjbx 93
1|
Kvbv wfzRi `yBwU ev Ges G`i GKwU wecixZ KvY `Iqv _vKj, mevwaK KqwU wfzR AuvKv
hve?
L. 2
M. 3
N. 4
K. 1
2|
Kvb wfzR AuvKv me hLb wZbwU evi `N h_vgL. 3 m.wg., 4 m.wg. 5 m.wg.
K. 1 m.wg., 2 m.wg. 3 m.wg.
N. 3 m.wg., 4 m.wg. 7 m.wg.
M. 2 m.wg., 4 m.wg. 6 m.wg.
3|
i. GKwU wfzRi `yBwU ev Ges Zv`i Afy KvY `Iqv _vKj, wfzRwU Au^vKv hvq|
ii. `yBwU evi mgw ZZxq ev Acv eni nj, wfzRwU AuvKv hvq|
iii. Kvbv wfzRi GKvwaK ~jKvY _vKZ cvi|
MwYZ
129
K. iIi
L. ii I iii
M. i I iii
N. i, ii I iii
4|
C we`yZ BA iLvi mgvivj iLv AuvKZ nj, Kvb KvYi mgvb KvY AuvKZ ne?
L. ACB
M. BAC
N. CAD
K. ABC
5|
K. BAC + ACB
M. ABC + ACB + BAC
L. ABC + ACB
N. ABC + BAC
6|
7|
8|
9|
12| GKwU mgKvYx wfzRi GKwU wbw` ev 5.3 m.wg. Ges GKwU m~KvY 45 `Iqv AvQ| wfzRwU
AuvK|
130
wfyR
`kg Aavq
memgZv I m`kZv
Avgv`i Pviw`K wewfb AvKwZ I AvKvii e `LZ cvB| G`i wKQz e mgvb, Avevi wKQz `LZ
GKB iKg, wK mgvb bq| Zvgv`i kwYi wkv_x`i MwYZ cvVcyKwU AvKwZ, AvKvi I IRb GKB,
mjv mew`K w`q mgvb ev memg| Avevi GKwU MvQi cvZvjvi AvKwZ GKB njI AvKvi wfb,
cvZvjv `LZ GK iKg ev m`k| dUvMvwdi `vKvb hLb Avgiv g~jKwci AwZwi Kwc PvB Zv
g~jKwci e mgvb, eo ev QvU Ki PvBZ cvwi| KwcwU hw` g~jKwci mgvb nq m Kwc `yBwU
memg| Avi j wVK iL KwcwU hw` g~jKwci Pq eo ev QvU nq m Kwc `yBwU m`k| GB
Aavq Avgiv AZ iZc~Y GB `yB RvwgwZK aviYv wbq AvjvPbv Kie| Avgiv AvcvZZ mgZjxq
i memgZv I m`kZv weePbv Kie|
Aavq kl wkv_xiv
wewfb RvwgwZK AvKvi I AvKwZ nZ memg Ges m`k AvKvi I AvKwZ wPwZ KiZ cvie|
101 memgZv
wbPi mgZjxq wP `yBwU `LZ GKB AvKwZ I AvKvii| wP `yBwU memg wKbv wbwZ nIqvi Rb
DcwicvZb cwZ MnY Kiv hvq| G cwZZ c_g wPi GKwU Abyic Kwc Ki wZxqwUi Dci ivwL| hw`
wPjv ciiK m~Yi~c AveZ Ki, Ze Giv memg| wP F1, wP F2 Gi memg nj Avgiv
F1 F2 viv cKvk Kwi|
`yBwU iLvsk KLb memg ne? wP `yB Rvov iLvsk AuvKv nqQ| DcwicvZb cwZZ AB Gi Abyic
Kwc CD Gi Dci iL `wL h, AB iLvsk CD iLvskK XK w`qQ Ges A I B we`y h_vg
132
memgZv I m`kZv
C I D we`yi Dci cwZZ nqQ| myZivs iLvsk `yBwU memg| GKB KvR wZxq Rvov mijiLvi Rb
Ki `wL h, iLvsk `yBwU memg bq| j Kwi, Kej c_g Rvov iLvski `N mgvb|
`yBwU iLvski `N mgvb nj iLvsk `yBwU memg| Avevi wecixZfve, `yBwU iLvsk memg nj G`i `N
mgvb|
`yBwU KvY KLb memg ne? wP 40 `yBwU KvY AuvKv nqQ| DcwicvZb cwZ MnY Ki c_g wPi
GKwU Abyic Kwc Ki wZxqwUi Dci ivwL| B we`y Q we`yi Dci Ges BA iwk QP iwki Ici cwZZ
nqQ| j Kwi, KvY `yBwUi cwigvc mgvb ej BC iwk QR iwki Dci cwZZ nqQ| A_vr
ABC PQR
`yBwU KvYi cwigvc mgvb nj KvY `yBwU memg| Avevi wecixZfve, `yBwU KvY memg nj G`i cwigvcI
mgvb|
A = D, B = E , C = F ne|
ABC I DEF memg evSvZ ABC DEF jLv nq|
wfzRi memgZv cgvYi Rb Kx Z_ cqvRb ? G Rb `jMZfve wbPi KvRwU Ki:
MwYZ
133
KvR :
1| ABC GKwU wfzR AuvK hb AB = 5 m.wg., BC = 6 m.wg.Ges B = 60 nq|
(K) wfyRi ZZxq evi `N Ges Ab KvY `yBwU cwigvc Ki|
(L) Zvgv`i cwigvcjv Zzjbv Ki| Kx `LZ cvQ?
h_v_Zv
[ evi memgZv ]
[ KvYi memgZv ]
[ evi memgZv ]
[ `yBwU we`yi ga w`q GKwU
gv mijiLv Ab Kiv hvq ]
134
memgZv I m`kZv
Dccv` 2
hw` Kvbv wfzRi `yBwU ev cii mgvb nq, Ze G`i wecixZ KvY `yBwUI cii mgvb ne|
wekl wbePb : gb Kwi, ABC wfzR AB = AC |
cgvY KiZ ne h, ABC = ACB |
Ab : BAC Gi mgwLK AD AuvwK hb Zv BC K D
we`yZ Q` Ki|
cgvY : ABD Ges ACD G
(1) AB = AC (c`)
(2) AD mvaviY ev Ges
(3) Afy BAD = Afy CAD (Abvbymvi)
myZivs, ABD ACD [ev-KvY-ev Dccv`]
ABD = ACD A_vr, ABC = ACB (cgvwYZ)
Abykxjbx 101
1| wP, CD, AB Gi j^ mgwLK,
cgvY Ki h ADC BDC .
2| wP, CD = CB Ges DCA = BCA
cgvY Ki h, AB = AD
cgvY Ki h, mgwev wfzRi f~wgK Dfqw`K ewaZ Kij Drcb ewnt KvY `yBwU cii
mgvb|
MwYZ
135
5|
wP, AD = AE, BD = CE
Ges AEC = ADB
cgvY Ki h, AB = AC
6|
7|
8|
cgvY Ki h, mgwev wfzRi f~wgi cvwe`y _K wecixZ evqi Dci AwZ gagvq mgvb|
cgvY Ki h, mgev wfzRi KvYjv cii mgvb|
136
avc
memgZv I m`kZv
h_v_Zv
[Dccv`-2]
[Dccv`-2]
MwYZ
137
D`vniY 1| cgvY Ki h, Kvbv wfyRi wkitKvYi mgwLK hw` f~wgi Dci j^ nq, Ze wfyRwU
mgwev|
wekl wbePb : wP, ABC Gi wkitKvY A -Gi mgwLK AD f~wg BC Gi D we`yZ j^|
138
memgZv I m`kZv
cgvY :
avc
h_v_Zv
[ evi memgZv ]
[Dccv` 2]
[KvY-ev-KvY Dccv`]
Abykxjbx 102
1|
2|
3|
MwYZ
4|
139
AD = AE
5|
6|
cgvY Ki h, mgwev wfyRi f~wgi cvwe`y&q _K wecixZ evi Dci AwZ j^q cii
mgvb|
8| cgvY Ki h, Kvbv wfyRi f~wgi cv we`yq _K wecixZ evi Dci AwZ j^q hw` mgvb
nq, Ze wfyRwU mgwev|
9|
103 m`kZv
wbPi wPjv GKB wPi QvU-eo AvKvi| G`i wewfb Aski AvKvi GKB, wK Abyi~c `yB we`yi `~iZ
mgvb bq| wPjvK m`k wP ejv nq|
140
memgZv I m`kZv
KvR :
1| (K) wPi PZzfyR `yBwU wK m`k ej gb nq?
KvY
ev
AB =
EF =
BC =
FG =
CA =
GH =
AD =
EH =
(K)Abyic
~ KvYjv wb`k Ki Ges cwigvc Ki|
(L)Abyic
~ evjv wb`k Ki Ges cwigvc Ki AbycvZ ei Ki| AbycvZjv wK mgvb ?
m`k wP GKB AvKwZi wK AvKvi mgvb bvI nZ cvi| m`k wPi AvKvi mgvb nj Zv memg wP
cwiYZ nq| myZivs memgZv m`kZvi wekl i~c|
`yBwU wfzR ev efzR m`k nj
Abyi~c KvYjv mgvb|
Abyi~c evjv mgvbycvwZK|
m`k wPi evjvi AbycvZ viv g~j wPi Zzjbvq Ab wPi eab A_ev mvPb evSvq|
MwYZ
141
KvR :
1| wZb-Pvi Rbi `j MVb Ki wbPi KvRjv Ki :
142
memgZv I m`kZv
kZ 2| (ev-KvY-ev )
hw` `yBwU wfzRi GKwUi `yB ev h_vg AciwUi `yB evi mgvbycvwZK nq Ges ev `yBwUi Afy KvY
`yBwU cii mgvb nq, Ze wfzR `yBwU m`k|
kZ 3| ( KvY-KvY )
hw` `yBwU wfzRi GKwUi `yBwU KvY h_vg AciwUi `yBwU KvYi mgvb nq, Ze wfzR `yBwU m`k|
kZ 4| (AwZfzR-ev )
hw` `yBwU mgKvYx wfzRi GKwUi AwZfzR I GKwU ev h_vg AciwUi AwZfzR I Abyi~c evi
mgvbycvwZK nq, Ze wfzR `yBwU m`k|
MwYZ
143
KvR :
1| wbPi wPjvi m`k Rvo wPwZ Ki| Zvgvi Dii c hyw `vI|
144
memgZv I m`kZv
Abykxjbx 103
1| wbPi cwZwU wP wfzR `yBwUi m`kZvi KviY eYbv Ki|
MwYZ
145
GKv`k Aavq
Z_ I Dcv
cvPxbKvj _KB Kvbv wbw` Dk eve Rxebi AbK NUbv ev Z_vewj MvwYwZK msLvi gvag
cKvk Kiv nZv| eZgvb `bw`b Rxebi wewfb NUbv ev Z_mg~n msLvi gvag cKvki evcKZv ew
cqQ| Avi msLvevPK Z_mg~n nQ cwimsLvb| `bw`b Rxeb eeZ wewfb cwimsLvb mnReva I
AvKlYxq Kivi Rb Zv wewfb aibi jLwPi mvnvh Dcvcb Kiv nq| Avi Gme jLwP `L
DcvwcZ NUbv m^ Avgiv my aviYv cvB I eySZ cvwi| G Aavq Avgiv Z_ I Dcvi AvqZjL
m^ Rvbe| ZvQvov Aweb Dcv web Kivi Rb kwY eeavbi gvag Kxfve MYmsLv mviwY MVb
Kiv nq Zv Rvbe| cwimsLvbi GB welqjv wkv_x`i `bw`b Rxeb evcK eeZ nq weavq G m^
Zv`i cwivi vb _vKv Acwinvh|
Aavq kl wkv_xiv
kwY eeavbi gvag Aweb Dcv web AvKvi cKvk KiZ cvie|
111 Z_ I Dcv
l kwYZ Avgiv Z_ I Dcv m^ RbwQ| msLvwfwK Kvbv Z_ ev NUbv nQ GKwU cwimsLvb|
Avi Z_ ev NUbv wb`kK msLvjv nQ cwimsLvbi Dcv| aiv hvK, Kvbv GK cixvq mg kwYZ
AaqbiZ 35 Rb wkv_xi MwYZ cv b^i njv 80, 60, 65, 75, 80, 60, 60, 90, 95, 70, 100, 95, 85, 60, 85, 85, 90, 98, 85, 55, 50, 95,
90, 90, 98, 65, 70, 70, 75, 85, 95, 75, 65, 75, 65|
GLvb, msLv viv wb`wkZ b^img~n H cixvi GKwU cwimsLvb| msLv viv wb`wkZ b^ijv njv
cwimsLvbi Dcv| Zvnj Avgiv ejZ cvwi, cwimsLvbi Dcvmg~n msLvi gvag Dcvcb KiZ nq|
Ze Kvbv wewQb msLvK cwimsLvb ejv nq bv| hgb, GKRb Qvi cv b^i 85 ejv nj Zv
cwimsLvb ne bv|
MwYZ
147
Gfve mvRvbv Dcvmg~nK web Dcv ej| Dcvmg~n Aviv mnRfve mviwYfy Ki web Kiv hvq
hv wbP `Lvbv njv|
Aweb DcvK web Kivi mnR wbqg :
Dci ewYZ cv mewbg b^i 50 Ges mevP b^i 100| GLb kwYwebvm Kivi Rb 50 Gi Kg
myweavRbK hKvbv GKwU msLv aiv hvq| myZivs Avgiv hw` 46 _K iy Ki cwZ 5 b^ii eeavbi
Rb GKwU kwY MVb Kwi Zvnj KqwU kwY ne Zv wbaviY KiZ cvwi| DjL, Dcvi msLvi Dci
wfw Ki myweavRbK eeavb wbq KZKjv kwYZ fvM Kiv nq| kwYZ fvM Kivi wbavwiZ Kvbv wbqg
bB| Ze mPviPi cZK kwYi eeavb ev evwi mewb 5 I mevP 15 Gi ga mxgve ivLv nq| msLv
kwY wbaviYi Rb Dcvi cwimi wbYq KiZ nq|
148
Z_ I Dcv
(100 50) + 1 51
= 102 = 11|
ev
5
5
myZivs 46 _K Avi Ki cwZ 5 b^ii Rb eeavbi kwY Zwi Kij kwYmsLv ne 11wU| c_g
evgcvk GKwU Kjvg b^img~ni kwYjv jLv ne| Gici cv b^ijv GK GK weePbv Kwi Ges
c_g b^i h kwYZ coe Zvi Rb H kwYi Wvb Avi GKwU Kjvg Uvwj (Tally) wP | w`B| Kvbv
kwYZ hw` Pvii ewk Uvwj wP co Ze cg UvwjwPwU PviwU wP Ryo AvovAvwofve w`Z ne|
Gfve kwYwebvm kl nj UvwjwP MYbv Ki kwY Abyhvqx b^icv wkv_xi msLv wbaviY Kiv nq|
Kvbv kwYZ hZRb Qv Afy ne ZvB ne H kwYi NUbmsLv ev MYmsLv| MYmsLv msewjZ mviwY
ne MYmsLv mviwY| Dcii AvjvPbvq ewYZ Dcvi web mviwY wbP `Iqv njv :
b^ii kwY
(kwY eeavb/evw = 5)
Uvwj wP
MYmsLv ev NUbmsLv
(wkv_xi msLv)
46 50
51 55
56 60
61 65
66 70
71 75
76 80
81 85
86 90
91 95
96 100
l
l
llll
llll
lll
llll
ll
llll
llll
llll
lll
1
1
4
4
3
4
2
5
4
4
3
gvU
35
j Kwi : GLvb kwY eeavb ev evw aiv nqQ 5| cqvRb Ges Dcv webvmi myweavi Rb kwY
eeavb hKvbv msLv aiv hZ cvi| Ze wnmvei myweav_ kwY eeavb 5 _K 15 Gi ga mxgve
ivLv nq|
MwYZ
149
D`vniY 1| Kvbv knii Rvbyqvwi gvmi 31 w`bi Zvcgvv (wWwM mjwmqvm) wbP `Iqv njv| MYmsLv
mviwY Zwi Ki (Zvcgvvjv c~YmsLvq)|
20, 18, 14, 21, 11, 14, 12, 10, 15, 18, 12, 14, 16, 15, 12, 14, 18, 20, 22, 9, 11, 10, 14, 12,
18, 20, 22, 14, 25, 20, 10|
mgvavb : GLvb Zvcgvvi mewbg msLvgvb 9 Ges mevP msLvgvb 25| myZivs c` Dcvi cwimi =
17
= 3 4
5
kwYmsLv ne 4|
c` Dcvi MYmsLv mviwY njv :
Zvcgvvi kwY
UvwjwP
MYmsLv
9 13
llll llll
10
14 18
13
19 23
llll ll
24 28
1
gvU
31
KvR : 1| Zvgv`i kwYi 30 Rb Ki wkv_x wbq GK GKwU `j MVb Ki| cZK `ji m`mMY wbR wbR
`ji m`m`i DPZv (mwUwgUvi) cwigvc Ki| cv Dcvi MYmsLv mviwY Zwi Ki|
GKwU MYmsLv mviwYi kwY evw x-A eivei jLv nq Ges kwY evw f~wg ai AvqZ AuvKv nq|
myweavRbK j kwY evw bIqv nq|
2|
myweavRbK j y-A eivei MYmsLvi gvb bIqv nq Ges MYmsLv nq AvqZi DPZv| Dfq
Ai Rb GKB ev c_K myweavRbK j bIqv hvq|
150
Z_ I Dcv
D`vniY 2| Zvgv`i zji 10g kwYi 60 Rb wkv_xi IRbi (Avmb wKjvMvg) MYmsLv mviwY wbP
`Iqv njv| MYmsLv mviwY _K Dcvi AvqZjL AuvK Ges AvqZjL `L cPziK (Avmb gvb) wbYq
Ki|
kwY evw
MYmsLv
40 45
8
45 50
50 55
55 60
60 65
25
10
15
mgvavb : x-A I y-A eivei QK KvMRi (Graph Paper) z`Zg eMi cwZ NiK kwYewi GK
GKK Ges y-A eivei QK KvMRi cwZ 2 NiK MYmsLvi 5 GKK ai MYmsLv AvqZjL AuvKv
nqQ| x-A eivei kwYevw Ges y-A eivei MYmsLv aiv nqQ| hnZz kwYevw x-A eivei
41 _K Avi Kiv nqQ, mnZz x-Ai g~j we`y _K 41 ch fvOv wP w`q evSvbv nqQ h,
evwK Nijv we`gvb AvQ|
wP
Dcii AvqZjL _K cZxqgvb nq h, MYmsLvi cvPzh 5055 kwYZ| myZivs cPziK GB kwYZ
we`gvb| cPziK wbaviY Kivi Rb AvqZi DcwifvM KwYK we`y _K `yBwU AvovAvwo iLvsk AvMi I
cii AvqZi DcwifvMi KwYK we`y mv_ mshvM Kiv nq| G`i Q`we`y _K mswk f~wgi Dci j^
Uvbv nq| j^ x-Ai hLvb wgwjZ nq Gi evw wbaviY Kiv nq| wbavwiZ evw njv cPziK| wP _K
`Lv hvq 52 Dcvi cPziK|
wbYq cPziK 52 KwR|
D`vniY 3| Kvbv we`vjqi 10g kwYZ AaqbiZ 125 Rb wkv_xi MwYZ welq cv b^ii MYmsLv
weklY (Frequency Distribution) mviwY wbP `Iqv njv| GKwU AvqZjL AuvK Ges AvqZjL _K
cPziK (Avmb) wbYq Ki|
kwYevw
20-30
30-40
wkv_xi msLv
(MYmsLv)
12
40
20
70-80
80-90
90-100
13
MwYZ
151
mgvavb : c_g QK KvMR x-A I y-A AuvKv nqQ, y-A eivei wkv_xi msLv (MYmsLv) Ges xA eivei kwYevw ai AvqZjLwU AuvKv nqQ| GLvb x I y Dfq A QK KvMRi GK Ni mgvb 2
GKK aiv nqQ| x-A 0 _K 20 ch AvQ evSvZ fvOv wP `Iqv nqQ|
wP
GLvb wPvwqZ AvqZjL _K `Lv hvq, ewk msLK wkv_xi cv b^i 50 _K 60 Gi ga Ges Q`
we`y _K x Ai Dci h j^ Uvbv nqQ Gi evw 50 I 60 Gi gawe`y| ZvB wkv_x`i cv b^ii
cPziK njv 55|
KvR : 1| Zvgv`i kwYZ AaqbiZ wkv_x`i wbq `yBwU `j MVb Ki| `ji bvg `vI| hgb, kvcjv I
iRbxMv| Kvbv gvwmK/AaevwlK cixvq (K) kvcjv `ji evsjvq cv b^ii MYmsLv mviwY Zwi Ki
AvqZjL AuvK| (L) iRbxMv `ji BsiwRZ cv b^ii MYmsLv mviwY Zwi Ki AvqZjL AuvK|
Abykxjbx 11
1|
2|
Dcv KZ cKvii? cZK cKvii Dcv Kxfve msMn Kiv nq Ges cZK cKvi Dcv msMni
myweav I Amyweav wjL|
3|
4|
GKwU Aweb Dcv wjL| gvbi gvbymvi mvwRq web Dcv icvi Ki|
5|
Kvbv kwYi 60 Rb wkv_xi MwYZ welq cv b^i wbP `Iqv njv| MYmsLv mviwY Zwi Ki|
50, 84, 73, 56, 97, 90, 82, 83, 41, 92, 42, 55, 62, 63, 96, 41, 71, 77, 78, 22, 48,
46, 33, 44, 61, 66, 62, 63, 64, 53, 60, 50, 72, 67, 99, 83, 85, 68, 69, 45, 22, 22,
27, 31, 67, 65, 64, 64, 88, 63, 47, 58, 59, 60, 72, 71, 73, 49, 75, 64|
6|
wbP 50wU `vKvbi gvwmK weqi cwigvY (nvRvi UvKvq) `Iqv njv| 5 kwYevw ai MYmsLv
mviwY Zwi Ki|
132, 140, 130, 140, 150, 133, 149, 141, 138, 162, 158, 162, 140, 150, 144, 136,
147, 146, 150, 143, 148, 150, 160, 140, 146, 159, 143, 145, 152, 157, 159, 132,
161, 148, 146, 142, 157, 150, 178, 141, 149, 151, 146, 147, 144, 153, 137, 154,
152, 148|
152
Z_ I Dcv
7|
8|
9|
71-80 81-90
8
5
91-100
3
11| AvRvwZK gvbi T-20 wKU Ljvq Kvbv `ji msMnxZ ivb Ges DBKU cZbi cwimsLvb
wbPi mviwYZ `Iqv njv| AvqZjL AuvK|
Ifvi
1 2 3
6 7 8
6 8 1
0
DBKU 0 0 0
cZb
1
2
0
8 6
ivb
1
2
1 0 0
1
0
7 1
5
0 0
11
1
0
1
1
2
1
2
0
1
3
1
4
0
1
4
1
0
1
1
5
8
1
1
6
1
2
1
1
7
8
2
1
8
1
4
0
1
9
8
2
0
6
[BwZ : x-A eivei Ifvi Ges y-A eivei ivb ai AvqZjL AuvK| h Ifvi DBKU cZb nq mB
Ifvi msMnxZ ivbi Dci y wP w`q DBKU cZb evSvb hvq|
12| Zvgv`i kwYi 30 Rb wkv_xi DPZv (m.wg.) wbP `Iqv njv| DPZvi AvqZjL AuvK Ges Gi
_K cPziK wbYq Ki|
145, 160, 150, 155, 148, 152, 160, 165, 170, 160, 175, 165, 180, 175, 160, 165,
145, 155, 175, 170, 165, 175, 145, 170, 165, 160, 180, 170, 165, 150|
Digvjv
Abykxjbx: 11
1| (K) 13, (L) 23, (M) 39, (N) 105 ; 2| (K) 15, (L) 31, (M) 63 (N) 102 ; 3| (K) 3, (L) 6, (M)
30, (N) 5 ; 4| (K) 3, (L) 6, (M) 7 ; 5| 15 ; 6| 20|
Abykxjbx: 12
1| (L) ; 2| (M) ; 3| 1)(N), 2) (K) 3) (K) ; 4| (N) ; 5| (K) 7140 (L) 19wU (M) 16 ; 6| (K)
6, (L) 15, (M) 007, (N) 2532, (O) 0024, (P) 12035 ; 7| (K) 265, (L) 482, (M) 019 ;
8| (K)
5
1
7
13
, (L)
, (M) 3 , (N) 5
; 9| (K) 0926, (L) 1683, (M) 2774 ; 10| 84
12
8
11
18
Rb, 393 Rb ; 11| 52 Rb ; 12| 32 Rb ; 13| 42wU ; 14| 225 ; 15| 25 Rb ; 16| 18, 19 ; 17|
4, 5 ; 18| (K) 1, 2, 3, 6 (L) 10 (M) 10 Rb|
1|
Abykxjbx 21
2|
3|
7
, (O) 2.5
6
17
(O) 630
4
5| 1000 UvKv 6| 3850 wU
7| 1000 UvKv, 1400 UvKv, 1800 UvKv
8| iwg cve 360 UvKv, Rmwgb cve 720 UvKv Ges KvKwj cve 1080 UvKv
9| jvwee cve 450 UvKv, mvwg cve 360 UvKv
10| meyR cve 1800 UvKv, Wvwjg cve 3000 UvKv I Avbvi cve 1500 UvKv 11|
10 Mvg
12| 26 : 19
13| 40 : 70 : 49
14| mviv cve 4800 UvKv, gvBgybv cve 3600 UvKv Ges
ivBmv cve 1200 UvKv 15| 6 kwYi Qv cve 1200 UvKv, 7g kwYi Qv cve 1400 UvKv Ges 8g
kwYi Qv cve 1600 UvKv 16| BDmydi Avq 210 UvKv
4|
Abykxjbx 22
1|
2| wZ 150 UvKv
5|
50 wU PKvjU
6| 80 wgUvi 7| wZ 7
17
%
19
8
UvKv
9
4|
8| jvf 20%
13| 188 UvKv
jvf 5
10
%
13
9| jvf 33
1
%
3
154
Digvjv
Abykxjbx 23
7| 3 w`b, 8| 9
3
10
1
w`b, 9| 35 w`b, 10| 45 Rb, 11| 10
w`b, 12| 7 Nvq, 13|
5
47
5
eM 4 wK.wg./Nv
4
Nvq, 18| 8 wgwbU ci,
9
Abykxjbx 3
1| (K) 0.4039 wK.wg. (L) 0.07525 wK.wg.
2| 53.7 wgUvi, 537 WwmwgUvi
3| (K) 30 eMwgUvi, (L) 175 eMmwUwgUvi
4| `N 475 eMwgUvi, c 125 wgUvi 5| 30000 UvKv 6| 2000 e.wg. 7| 96 eMwgUvi
8| 5 gwUK Ub 507 K.wR. 700 Mvg
9| 1 gwUK Ub 750 K.wR.
2
10| 666 gwUK Ub 666 K.wR. 666 Mvg 11| 612 K.wR.
3
12| 145 K.wR. 950 Mvg 13| 180 gM 14| 549 K.wR. Pvj Ges 172 K.wR. 500 Mvg jeY
15| 1950 UvKv
16| 384 eMwgUvi
17| `N 21 wgUvi I c 7 wgUvi
Abykxjbx 41
Abykxjbx 42
1| 5a 2| 8a 3| 5a x 4| 7 x 3 yz 5| 9a 2 yz 2 6| 11x 2 y
7| 3a 2b 8| 4 x 3 y 2 + x 4 y 9| b + 3a 4b 4 10| 2a 3b 3ab 2 11| 5 xy + 4 x 4 x 3
12| 3 x 6 y 4 2 x 2 yz + z 13| 8ac + 5a 3b 2 c 4 + 3ab 4 c 2 14| a 2b 2 15| 3 x + 2
16| x 3 y 17| x 2 xy + y 2 18| a + 2 xyz 19| 8 p 3 12 p 2 q + 18 pq 2 27 q 3
20| a 2 4a 16 21| x 4 y 22| x 2 + 3 23| x 2 + x + 1 24| a 2 b 2
25| 2ab + 3d 26| x 2 y 2 1 27| 1 + x x 3 x 4 28| x 5ab 29| xy
30| abc 31| ax 32| 9 x 2 2 xy y 2 33| 4a 2 + 1 34| x 2 + xy + y 2
35| a 3 + 2a 2 + a 4.
2
2 2
MwYZ
155
Abykxjbx 43
1| (N) 2| (M) 3| (N) 4| (M) 5| (K) 6| (L) 7| (K) 8| (1)(N) (2)(M) (3)(N)
9| 21 10| 9 11| 37 12| x y a + b 13| 3 x + 4 y z + b + 2c
14| 2a + 2b 2c 15| 7b 2a 16| 5a b + 11c 17| 2a + 3b + 28c
18| 10 x + 14 y 18 z 19| 3 x + 2 20| 2 y 9 z 21| 14 a 5b 22| 3a 6b
23| 38b 6a 24| a (b c + d ) 25| a (b + c d ) m + ( n x ) + y
26| 7 x + {5 y ( 8 z + 9)} 27| (K) 15 x 2 + 2 x 1 (L) 75 x 3 + 20 x 2 17 x + 2 (M) 3 x + 2
28| (L) 5 x + y z (L) x + 4 y + 3 z 2, 6 x 3 y 4 z + 2 (M) 3 y 2 z 1
(N) 2 x 2 7 xy 6 xz 3 yz + 4 x + 2 y 4 y 2
Abykxjbx 51
1| a 2 + 10a + 25 2| 25 x 2 70 x + 49 3| 9a 2 66axy + 121x 2 y 2
4| 25a 4 + 90a 2 m 2 + 81m 4 5| 3025 6| 980100 7| x 2 y 2 12 xy 2 + 36 y 2
8| a 2 x 2 2abxy + b 2 y 2 9| 9409 10| 4 x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 4 xy 4 xz 2 yz
11| 4a 2 + b 2 + 9c 2 4ab + 12ac 6bc 12| x 4 + y 4 + z 4 + 2 x 2 y 2 2 x 2 z 2 2 y 2 z 2
13| a 2 + 4b 2 + c 2 4ab 2ac + 4bc 14| 9 x 2 + 4 y 2 + z 2 12 xy + 6 xz 4 yz
15| b 2 c 2 + c 2 a 2 + a 2b 2 + 2abc 2 + 2ab 2 c + 2a 2bc 16| 4a 4 + 4b 2 + c 4 + 8a 2b 4a 2 c 2 4bc 2
17| 1 18| 81a 2 19| 4b 2 20| 16 x 2 21| 81 22| 4c 2 d 2 23| 9 x 2 24| 16a 2
25| 100 26| 100 27| 1 28| 16 32| 12 33| 79
Abykxjbx 52
1| 16 x 2 9 2| 169 144 p 2 3| a 2b 2 9 4| 100 x 2 y 2 5| 16 x 4 9 y 4
5 2
x2 y2
6| a b c 2bc 7| x + x + 1 8| x 3ax + a 9|
4
16 9
10| a 8 + 81x 8 + 9a 4 x 4 11| x 4 1 12| 81a 4 b 4
2
Abykxjbx 53
156
Digvjv
Abykxjbx 54
1| (N) 2| (L) 3| (K) 4| (M) 5| (K) 6| (M) 7| (N) 8| (K) 9| (L) 10| (K)
13| 3ab 2 c 14| 5ab
15| 3a 16| 4ax 17| ( a + b) 18| ( x y ) 19| ( x + 4) 20| a( a + b) 21| ( a + 4)
22| ( x 1) 23| 18a 4b 2 cd 2 24| 30 x 2 y 3 z 4 25| 6 p 2 q 2 x 2 y 2 26| (b c )(b + c ) 2
27| x( x 2 + 3 x + 2) 28| 5a(9 x 2 25 y 2 ) 29| ( x + 2)( x 5) 2 30| ( a + 5)(a 2 7 a + 12)
31| ( x 3)( x 2 25) 32| x( x + 2)( x + 5)
33| (K) 2( 2 x + 1) (L) 4 x 2 12 x + 9 (M) 4 x 2 + 4 x 15, 9
34| (K) a 2 b 2 = ( a + b)(a b) (L) ( x + 5)( x 2) (M) ( x + 5) (N) ( x 4 625)( x 2)
Abykxjbx 61
x
x y
b
a
2
2a
1
a+2
2|
3| xyz 4|
5|
6|
7|
8|
9|
ac
b
y
3a
1 + 2b
2a 3b
a2
x+ y
2
a
ab
4nx 9my
rx qy
a ( a + b ) b( a b )
x3
10|
11|
,
12|
,
13|
14| 2
,
,
x+4
pqr pqr
a b2 a2 b2
abc abc
6mn 6mn
a
b(a 3)
3a
2( a 2)
( a + 2b ) x a ( a 2b) y 2
15|
16|
17| 2
, 2
,
,
2
2
2
2
2
2
a( a 4b ) a( a 4b )
a ( a 4 ) a ( a 4)
a 9 a 9
1|
18|
Abykxjbx 62
2 x 2 3 xy + y
26| K. ( a + 2)(a 3)
( x + y )( x 4 y )
a3
a+3
,
L.
( a + 2)( a + 3)( a 3) ( a + 2)( a + 3)( a 3)
a2 + 9
M.
a(a + 2)(a 2 9)
MwYZ
157
Abykxjbx 71
1| 3 2| 2 3|
1
2
8
4|
5| 3 6|
2
3
15
7|
4
8| 4 9| 12 10| 5 11| 1
3
19
16| 7 17| 2 18| 1 19| 2 20| 6
3
Abykxjbx 72
1| 10 2| 6 3| 12 4| 9 5| 36 6| 20,21,22
cyi eqm 5 eQi 12| wjRvi eqm 12 eQi, wkLvi eqm 18 eQi 13| 37 ivb 14| 25 wK.wg. 15|
`N 15 wgUvi, c 5 wgUvi|
Abykxjbx 73
1| L 2| M 3| M 4| K 5| L 6| (1) M 6| (2) (K) 6| (3) (L)
9| (K) 4 (L) 2 (M) 5 (N) 4 (O) 2 10| L. 2 11| K. (77 x) wK.wg. L. 33
+M. XvKv _K AvwiPv : 2 Nv 34 wgwbU, AvwiPv _K XvKv : 1 Nv 55 wgwbU 30 mK|
Abykxjbx 8
1| K 2| K 3| M 4| (1) L, (2) N, (3) L 5| K
Abykxjbx 92
1| M 2| M 3| M 4| N 5| L 6| K 7| M 8| M
Abykxjbx 93
1| L 2| L 3| K 4| K 5| L