Introduction

Process Instrumentation and Control which is also known as Process Measurement

and Control, Process Automation or just Instrumentation. It is needed in modern industrial
processes for a business to remain profitable. It helps to improve product quality, reduces
plant emissions, minimizes human error, and reduces operating costs among many other
benefits. In the process, the sensors are used to measure process conditions and the valves are
used to influence process operations are essential for all aspects of engineering
practice. Engineers want to design and operate processes that remain in safe conditions,
produce the desired amounts of high quality products and are profitable. Therefore,
measuring devices for key variables and valves (or other devices, such as variable speed
electric motors) must be provided to influence of steer the process. Discrete-state process
control is a particular sequence of events through which the process accomplishes some
objective. An event in the system is defined by a particular state of the system, that is
particularly assignment of all output values and a particular set of the input variables. PLC or
programmable controller is a digital computer used for automation of typically industrial
electromechanical processes such as control of machinery on factory assembly lines,
amusement rides, or light fixtures.