Water Treatment

Wastewater Treatment
Wastewater treatment consists of applying
known technology to improve or upgrade
the quality of a wastewater.

Types
Continuous operation open systems
Batch operation - batches

Classification of treatment methods

Organized or categorized by the nature of
the treatment process
Classification:

Physical treatment method,

Chemical treatment method
Biological treatment method

Physical Treatment method

Passive process.
Allowing suspended pollutants to settle

out.
Not able to remove dissolved pollutants.
Removal depends upon the density of
the pollutants compare to water.

Various methods
Flocculation adding flocculants

Filtration final treatment stage

Membrane treatment

Ultrafiltration
Nanofiltration
Reverse osmosis
Water flows with force
remove colloidal material

Various methods Cond.

Adsorption
Activated charcoal
Any adsorbents Orange peel, Tree barks,
Rice hucks etc.
Air/Steam Stripping
Remove pollutants - gases/low boiling
liquids from water
Gases passes through packed bed (activated
carbon) to prevent air pollution as well as
odor

Various methods Cond.

Aeration
Introducing air into water
Water becomes oxygenated by air
Completely get rid of foul odor creating
chemicals
Chemicals Ammonia or Hydrogen sulfide

Types
Diffused aeration making bubbles spray
water in air
Repeated aeration water go through many
conduits mix with air

Various methods Cond.

Sedimentation (Clarification)
Screening

Flotation and Skimming

Degassification
Equalization

Chemical Treatment Method

Chemicals - Chemical treatment
Method
Types
Chlorination
Ozonation
Neutralization
Coagulation
Adsorption
Ion exchange

Biological Treatment Methods

Biomaterials/microorganisms bacteria, fungus, algae
Biochemically decompose the wastewater
Stabilize the end product.
Types
Aerobic In presence of Oxygen
Anaerobic absence of oxygen

Aerobic Process
Bacteria consumes the organic matter
Convert it to carbon dioxide in presence of
oxygen

Anaerobic Process
Sludge is fermented at a particular
temperature in the absence of oxygen

Aerobic
Activated Sludge Treatment Methods
Trickling Filtration
Oxidation Ponds
Lagoons
Aerobic Digestion

Types
Bioaccumulation
Biodegradation
Biosorption
Phytoremediation

Bioaccumulation
Accumulation of substances,
in the environment before
they are taken in by the first
organism in a food chain.

Biodegradation
Chemical breakdown of materials by a
physiological environment

Biosorption
Binding and concentration of
organic/inorganic materials from aqueous
solutions (even very dilute ones) by
certain types of inactive, dead, microbial
biomass

Phytoremediation
Treatment of environmental problems
(bioremediation) through the use of plants