HIV/AIDSandSTIs

1.Gotothefollowingwebsitestoanswerthefollowing
questions:
http://www.hcsc.gc.ca/hcps/dcma/aidssidaeng.php
http://www.hcsc.gc.ca/hcps/dcma/stiitseng.php
WhatdoesHIVandAIDSstandfor?
Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency
Syndrome.

Whathappenswhenyougetthesediseases?

It attacks the immune system which results in a chronic, progressive

illness that leaves people vulnerable to infections. HIV leads to AIDS

HowisHIVtransmitted?

engaging in unprotected sex

sharing sex toys
sharing needles or equipment for injecting drugs or steroids
mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy, delivery, and
breast-feeding

WhyisHIVsodifficulttotreatordeveloppreventionsfor?

-Need to figure out if different methods will be effective, which takes a

lot of time and research
-Attacks our immune systems in a different and complicated way that
is different than any other diseases

Whichgroupsofpeoplearemostatrisktoday?

Gay men, Aboriginal peoples, people who use injection drugs, prison inmates, women,
youth at risk, and people from countries where HIV is endemic.

GotooneofthereportsonAIDS.Describetwothingsinthe
reportthatyoudidnotknowbeforeaboutAIDS.
TheaveragetimetodevelopAIDSafterinfectedbyHIVis10years.
Anestimated2.1peoplediedfromAIDSin2007aroundtheworld.Many,manypeople
areaffectedbytheepidemic.

4.GototheSTIswebsiteanddescribethesymptomsofeach
ofthefollowing:
i)Chlamydia
-Majority of people have no symptoms.
-vaginal discharge
-burning sensation when urinating
-pain in the lower abdomen, sometimes with fever and chills

-pain during sex

-vaginal bleeding between periods or after intercourse
-discharge from the penis
-burning sensation when urinating
-burning or itching at the opening of the penis
-pain and/or swelling in the testicles

ii)Gonorrhea

-a burning sensation when urinating

-yellowish/white discharge from the penis
-burning or itching at the opening of the penis
-painful or swollen testicles
-a burning sensation when urinating
-vaginal discharge
-pain in the lower abdomen
-pain during sex
-vaginal bleeding between periods or after sex

iii)Herpes(Genital)

-sores on the penis, around the testicles, near the anus, or on the
thighs or buttocks
-tender lumps in the groin (lymphadenopathy)
-sores inside or near the vagina, the cervix, on the external genitals,
near the anus, or on the thighs or buttocks
-tender lumps in the groin (lymphadenopathy)

iv)HumanPapillomavirus(HPV)

-Anogenital warts
-warts may appear on the vulva, thigh, anus, rectum, or in the vagina
or urethra
-In men, the warts may appear on the penis, scrotum, thigh, anus,
rectum, or in the urethra.

v)Syphilis

-patchy hair loss

-a rash on the soles of the feet, the palms of the hands, or elsewhere
on the body
-fever
-malaise
-swollen glands
-flat grayish-white sores in mouth and on genitals

5.Howareeachoftheabovetreatedorcured?
i)Chlamydia

-It is diagnosed through a urine sample or by swabbing the infected

area and is treated with antibiotics.

ii)Gonorrhea

-Testing for gonorrhea can be done with a urine test or through

swabbing. Gonorrhea can be treated with antibiotics, though the
infection is becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics.

iii)Herpes(Genital)

-cannot be cured, but genital herpes can be managed with antiviral

medication that may help control the recurrences

iv)HumanPapillomavirus(HPV)

-Immunizations
-Warts can be effectively treated by applying prescribed medication
either in a doctor's office or by you at home

v)Syphilis

-treated with penicillin or other antibiotics

-diagnosed with a blood test

6.Whataretheconsequencesofeachofthesediseases?
i)Chlamydia
-untreated chlamydia can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease. PID
effects include abdominal pain, fever, internal abscesses and longlasting pelvic pain
-Men can develop scarring of the urethra, making urination difficult and
occasionally causing infertility
- Rare, but at risk of a type of arthritis known as Reiter's Syndrome that
causes inflammation and swelling of the joints.
-baby may be born prematurely, have eye infections or develop
pneumonia.

ii)Gonorrhea
-untreated gonorrhea can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

-Men can develop epididymitis

-If left untreated, at risk of the infection spreading through the
bloodstream and infecting other parts of the body, including joints. This
condition can be life-threatening.
-infection can be passed to the baby in the birth canal during delivery,
causing blindness, joint infection, or a life-threatening blood infection.
-increases the risk of contracting and transmitting HIV

iii)Herpes(Genital)

-Pain and discomfort

-can cause emotional and social problems
-may cause serious complications such as blindness and inflammation
of the brain (rare)
-can sometimes be passed from an infected mother to her child during
pregnancy or birth

iv)HumanPapillomavirus(HPV)

-causes almost all cervical cancers but is also linked to cancer of the

throat, oral cavity, penis, anus, vagina or vulva

-baby may be at risk of getting an HPV infection in the throat
-Anogenital warts, although rarely associated with cancer, are still a
significant burden for those affected often leading to physical,
emotional and social problems

v)Syphilis

-interaction between syphilis and HIV/AIDS

-many symptoms
-can cause birth defects

7.FindaRELIABLEsourcetodescribethedifferenttypesof
hepatitis: http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/hep/index-eng.php and
http://www.immunize.org/catg.d/p4075.pdf

i)HepA

-Hepatitis A virus causes an acute inflammation of the liver (hepatitis)

that almost always gets better on its own
-Easily spread from person to person

ii)HepB

-can be both acute (short-term illness) and chronic (ongoing illness),

and is spread through blood or other body fluids in various ways

iii)HepC

-is almost always chronic and spreads only by blood

8.Whatarethesymptomsofhepatitis?
i)HepA
-Fever
- Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and white of the eyes)
- Joint pain
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Loss of appetite
- Stomach pain
- Dark urine
- Fatigue

ii)HepB

-Jaundice
- Loss of appetite
- Stomach pain
- Dark urine
- Fatigue
-May show no symptoms

iii)HepC

-The majority of cases show no symptoms

- May show jaundice
- Uneasiness
- Loss of appetite
- Stomach pain
- Dark urine
- Fatigue

9.Describethetreatmentsorcures?
i)HepA

-Most cases will heal on their own in weeks or months

-Vaccination available

ii)HepB

-For chronic, antiviral medications such as pegylated interferon

(peginterferon) injections or oral antivirals such as lamivudine for
hepatitis B or ribavirin (trade name Copegus, Rebetol, Ribasphere) for
hepatitis C
-acute causes can heal on their own in weeks or months
-Immunizations available

iii)HepC
See above

l0.Whataretheconsequencesofeachofthethreetypesof
hepatitis?
i)
HepA
Infection lasting up to two months
-Uncomfortable symptoms
-Rarely any complications

ii)HepB

-Most people will fully recover

-Could become a chronic carrier, meaning they can infect other people
and can develop chronic liver damage
-Uncomfortable systems
-Increases risk of liver cancer, liver failure, and scarring of the liver

iii)HepC

-Increases risk of liver cancer, liver failure, and scarring of the liver
-Could become a chronic carrier, meaning they can infect other people
and can develop chronic liver damage