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Moment of Inertia: Academic Resource Center
Moment of Inertia: Academic Resource Center
and more
The centroid of a 2D surface is a point that corresponds to the
center of gravity of a very thin homogeneous plate of the
same area and shape.
If the area (or section or body) has one line of symmetry, the
centroid will lie somewhere along the line of symmetry.
I x y dA
2
Derivation (contd)
Consider an axis BB parallel to AA
through the centroid C of the area,
known as the centroidal axis. The
equation of the moment inertia
becomes:
I x y dA y d dA
2
2
2
y dA 2 y dA d dA
Derivation (contd)
The first integral is the
moment of inertia about
the centroid.
2
I x y dA
yA ydA y 0
ydA 0
Derivation (contd)
Modify the equation obtained
with the parallel axis theorem:
I x y dA 2 ydA d
2
Ix d A
2
dA
Example
Ix
Area
h b
y dA y dxdy
2
0 0
3
y
bh
b
3
3 0
3
AA`
Alternative Method
Recall the method of finding centroids of composite bodies?
Utilizing a know reference table we can use a similar
tabulation technique to find the moment of inertia of any
composite body.
Example
Find Moment of Inertia of this object:
First we divide the object into two standard shapes present in the
reference tables, the find the MI for each respective shape.
-----------1
Example (contd)
Set up the reference axis at AB and find the centroid:
Bodies
Ai
yi
y i*Ai
1
2
18
18
1
5
18
90
36
yi Ai
Ii
di=y i-ybar
di2Ai
108
108 in
y
3.0 in.
2
Ai 36 in
2
---------1
Example (contd)
2
--------1
Bodies
Ai
yi
y i*Ai
Ii
di=y i-ybar
di2Ai
1
2
18
18
1
5
18
90
6
54
-2
2
72
72
108
60
36
ybar
I
144
3 in.
204 in4
I x I xi yi y
Ai
60 in 4 144 in 4 204 in 4
Example
Find the moment of inertia of the body using
the same procedure illustrated previously.
Example (contd)
Find the MI of the whole rectangle
(120mm*180mm) and then subtract
the MI of the white rectangle
(120mm*80mm) from the total area.
Bodies
Ai
yi
1
2
21600
-9600
90
90
12000
ybar
I
90 mm
46800000 mm4
y i*Ai
Ii
1944000 58320000
-864000 -11520000
1080000 46800000
di=y i-ybar
di2Ai
0
0
0
0
0