boo. 7 joey WELDING METALLURGY AND WELDABILITY OF STAINLESS STEELS for 2 JOHN C. LIPPOLD 5S DAMIAN J. KOTECKI WILEY- INTERSCIENCE A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION‘Copyright © 2005 by John Wiley & Sos, Ine Al rights reserved Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ine, oboe, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada. 'No pat of his publication may be reproduced tore ia retrieval ysem, or ans in any form ox by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, santng a otherwise seers ‘ermited under Section 107 o 108 ofthe 1976 United States Copyright Ae, without eit el ‘writen permission ofthe Publisher, o authorization though payment ofthe appropriate ot cops fe to the Copyright Clearance Cente, In, 222 Rosewood Drive, Damvers, MA O1923 978-130 8400 or 978-646-8600 oc onthe web a www.copyrigh.com. Request othe Publish for permission should be addressed othe Permissions Deparent, John Wiley & Sons Ine, 111 Rive Stee Hoboken Ni (07030, 201) 748.6011, ax 201) 748-4008. J mito Lisi of Waray: White piss and author ave wed he est lls a ping hs book, thy make eet wanes wih pe oe sen once ofthe coments of hs Yok a psi dsclim my apd wae ‘erty ofr for ical ars No natant ay belo eee sales ‘orsnatves owen ss mtr, The aie and seme conned cen nt ‘sale for your stuaton You sold ont with a roto wc apposite pobliner stra be Half ayo or or ay ahr cece donee hg to ited spine, comet oer das For genera information on our ther products and services pleas contact out Customer Care Department witia the US. a 877-762-2974, outside the U'S. at 3175723993 or fax 317-572-4002. ‘Wiley aso publishes its books ina varity of electronic formas, Some conta that appa in prin, bower, may not be avaabe in election format, Library of Congres Calaloging-n-Publcatio Duta: Lipoid, John. Welding metllny and weldablty of sales stl / JC, Lippld, Damian J, Ketek Peem “A Wley-Intrscience publiition” lnclndes bibliographical references and ind. ISBN 0-471-47579.0 (cloth alk. paper) 4, Ste, Stainless Welding 2. tcl, Stilese—Metalurgy.L. Keto, Damian J. Tie ‘1s2272L37 2005 620.17 —4en2 2004058083 Printed inthe Unite States of America wos 76 sa a2 1 enter eeeenrtenerepen ‘To my parents, Carl and Hilda (Schmieder) Lipo, who have been a source of strength, encouragement, {and inspiration throughout my life. John C. Lippold To Kate (Zander), my bride of more than 40 year without whose support, companionship, and love, ‘my education, my career, and my personal life would have bean much less. Damian J. Kotookd ooees Sepa! 4 CONTENTS PREFACE 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Definition of a Stainless Steel / 2 1.2 History of Stainless Steel / 2 13 ‘Types of Stainless Steel and Their Application / 4 14 Comrosion Resistance / 5 15 Production of Stainless Steel / 6 References / 7 2. PHASE DIAGRAMS 2.1 Iron-Chromium System / 9 22 Iron-Chromium-Carbon System /. 10 23° Iron-Chromium-Nickel System / 12 24 Phase Diagrams for Specific Alloy Systems / 15 References 18 3. ALLOYING ELEMENTS AND CONSTITUTION DIAGRAMS 3.1 Alloying Elements in Stainless Steels / 19 3.11 Chromium / 20 3.12. Nickel / 20 3.1.3 Manganese / 21 , | ! E a