ANALOG

&
DIGITAL
COMMUNICATION
LAB
FILE
NSIT
SUBMITTED BY:NAME:-JAIDEEP KUMAR
ROLL NO :- 738/IT/13

INDEX
S.NO.

TOPIC

DATE

T.SIGN

EXPERIMENT NO.1
AIM-(a.) MATRIX COMPUTATION.
SOLUTIONa=[1 6 3; 2 5 6; 3 6 8]
OUTPUT

b=[1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9]
OUTPUT

a=

b=

r=a+2

c=a'

OUTPUT

OUTPUT

r=3

c= 1

10

d=a*b

e=a.*b

OUTPUT
d=

OUTPUT

46

56

66

e=

64

77

90

83

100

117

21

12
25
48

9
36
72

g=inv(a)

d=det(a)

OUTPUT

OUTPUT

g=

d=

0.5714

-4.2857

0.2857

-0.1429

-0.4286

1.7143

3.0000

0
-1.0000

(b.)TO PLOT SINE WAVE OF FREQUENCY 200 HZ

clc;
x=0:0.0002:0.02;
f=200;
y=sin(2*pi*f*x);
plot(x,y);
OUTPUT
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1

0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008

0.01

0.012 0.014 0.016 0.018

0.02

(C) TO PLOT A PULSE OF WIDTH 10.

clc;
x=0:0.05:15;
f=1/20;
y=square(2*pi*f*x);
plot(x,y);

OUTPUT

1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1

10

15

(d)PLOT THE SPECTRUM (AMPLITUDE AND

PHASE)OF THE PULSE GENERATOR IN(c).
clc;
x=0:0.1:13;
f=1/20;
y=square(2*pi*f*x);
z=real(fftshift(fft(y)));
plot(x,z);
OUTPUT

80
60
40
20
0
-20
-40
-60

10

12

14

EXPERIMENT NO. 2

TITLE:1. To plot the probability density function of

a set of random numbers and compute its mean
and variance.
2. To plot the probability density function of a set
of normally distributed numbers and compute its
mean and variance.
Solution:1) clc;
n=rand(1,1000);
m=mean(n)
v=var(n)
hist(n)
OUTPUT:
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

Solution:2) clc;
n=randn(1,1000);
m=mean(n)
v=var(n)
hist(n)
OUTPUT:
250

200

150

100

50

0
-3

-2

-1

EXPERIMENT NO. 3
TITLE:
1. VERIFY THE CENTRAL LIMIT THEOREM
2. GENERATE AN EXPONENTIALLY DISTRIBUTED
RANDOM NUMBER FROM UNIFORMLY
DISTRIBUTEDNUMBER.
3. GENERATE A RAYLEIGH DISTRIBUTED RANDOM
NUMBER FROM GAUSSIAN DISTRIBUTED NUMBERS.

Solution : 1)
clc;
n1=rand(1,10000);
n2=rand(1,10000);
n3=rand(1,10000);
n4=rand(1,10000);
n=(n1+n2+n3+n4)/4;
hist(n);
OUTPUT

2) clc;
len=100000;
lambda=3;
x=rand(1,len);
y=lambda.*exp(-lambda.*x);
bar(hist(y,100))
OUTPUT:

3) RAYLEIGH DISTRIBUTION
clc;
len=20000;
sig=3;
var1=sig.*randn(1,len);
var2=sig.*randn(1,len);
t1=var1.^2;
t2=var2.^2;
y1=sqrt(t1+t2);
bar(hist(y1,100))

OUTPUT:

EXPERIMENT NO 4
AIM:
1)
Amplitude distortion (due to non ideal
amplitude spectrum of the channel).
2)
Phase distortion (due to non ideal phase
spectrum of the channel)
3)
Distortion caused by band limited channel
(ISI).

Answer 1) amplitude distortion

clc;
a=ones(1,10);
b=zeros(1,10);
c=[b,a,b];
subplot(4,1,1),plot(c),grid on,axis
equal,xlabel('time'),ylabel('amplitude'),title('original signal');
amp=abs(fft(c));
subplot(4,1,2);
plot(fftshift(amp)),grid on,axis equal,title('fourier transform');
r=rand(size(amp));
amp=amp.*r;
subplot(4,1,3);
plot(fftshift(amp)),grid on,axis equal,title('amplitude spectrum');
t=real(ifft(amp));
subplot(4,1,4),plot(ifftshift(t)),grid on,axis equal,title('distorted signal');

OUTPUT

2) PHASE DISTORTION

a=ones(1,8);
b=zeros(1,8);
c=[b,a,b,a];
subplot(1,3,1);
plot(c);
xlabel('original dignal');
amp=abs(fft(c));
p=phase(fft(c));
subplot(1,3,2);
plot(p);
title('phase spectrum of undistorted signal');
r=rand(size(p));
p=p.*r;
n1=amp.*sin(p);
n2=amp.*cos(p);
d=ifft(complex(n2,n1));
f=phase(d);
subplot(1,3,3);
plot(d);
xlabel('distorted signal');
OUTPUT

3) Distortion caused by band limited channel (ISI)

clc;
a=zeros(1,10);
b=ones(1,10);
x=[a b a b a b a b a];
subplot(3,1,1);
plot(x);
title('original signal');
y=fft(x,1024);
temp=fftshift(y);
temp(1:400)=0;
temp(600:1000)=0;
subplot(3,1,2);
plot(abs(temp));
title('spectrum of undistorted signal');
subplot(3,1,3);
plot(abs(ifft(temp))),axis([0 60 0 1.5]),xlabel('time'),ylabel('amplitude');
title('distorted signal');
OUTPUT

EXPERIMENT-5

AIM: TO VERIFY
1) Convolution property
2) Time shifting property
3) Frequency shifting property
OF FOURIER TRANSFORM
Answer: 1)
clc;
t=0:1:100;
x=[t>=10&t<=20];
subplot(2,2,1),plot(x),xlabel('time'),ylabel('amplitude'),title('PULSE 1')
y=[t>=10&t<=25];
subplot(2,2,2),plot(y),xlabel('time'),ylabel('amplitude'),title('PULSE 2')
s=abs(ifft(fft(x).*fft(y)));
subplot(2,2,3),plot(s),xlabel('time'),ylabel('amplitude'),title('BY
MULTIPLICATION')
z=conv(x,y);
subplot(2,2,4),plot(z),xlabel('time'),ylabel('amplitude'),title('CONVOLUTION')
;

OUTPUT

2)
clc;
a=ones(1,128)
b=zeros(1,128)
pulse=[b a b a b];
subplot(2,1,1),plot(pulse),xlabel('time'),ylabel('amp'),title('PULSE');
fftpulse=fftshift(fft(pulse,256));
for n=1:1:256
c(n)=fftpulse(n).*exp((128*j*2*pi*n)/256);
end
d=abs(ifft(c));
subplot(2,1,2),plot(d),xlabel('time'),ylabel('amp'),title('TIME SHIFTING');

OUTPUT

3)
clc;
a=ones(1,90)
b=zeros(1,90)
pulse=[b a b];
subplot(2,2,1),plot(pulse),xlabel('time'),ylabel('amplitude'),title('PULSE');
fftpulse=fftshift(fft(pulse,256));
subplot(2,2,2),plot(abs(fftpulse)),xlabel('frequency'),ylabel('amplitude'),title
('FOURIER TRANSFORM')
for n=1:1:128
c(n)=pulse(n).*exp((90*j*2*pi*n)/256);
end
d=(fftshift(fft(c,256)))
subplot(2,2,3),plot(abs(d)),xlabel('frequency'),ylabel('amplitude'),title('SPEC
TRUM');
OUTPUT