Civil

Constructio
ns
Project II
Project Advisors: Prof.Dr.Ing. R.Pescaru
As Dr. Ing
R. Cozmanciuc
As Dr. Ing
Romila

Student: Ssiac GabrielAdrian

Group no. 3307
1|Page

PROJECT THEME

Design a reinforced concrete shear wall multi-storey

building(Ug+G+10Fl).
The project consists in some elements of design for a building that can
have one of the following destinations:
block of flats;
hotel;
students accommodation building.
The building has UG+G+4Fl and it is placed in urban area on a land with
the natural slope of 2% and connected to the city services facilities.
The envelope of the building consists of:
- load-bearing walls of reinforced concrete or non load-bearing
walls of hollow brick or cellular concrete block masonry protected on the
external face with al layer of efficient thermo insulating materials (fireproofed
expanded polystyrene for face wall, mineral wool rigid plates, extruded
polystyrene etc.);
- ventilated or un-ventilated could (insulated) terrace roof;
- the ground floor plate over unheated basement will be insulated
on the ceiling of the basement;
- the doors and windows can be of multi-layer wood or PVC
profiles with thermal insulating double or triple glassed window panels with
Low CTE float glass. The windows will be provided with ventilating systems or
with three opening positions in order to provide a adequate thermal protection
and natural ventilation of the indoor space;
- the staircase is insulated and heated.
The project must contain information and details about:
- the type and the composition of structural and for envelope
elements ( walls, columns, floors, foundations, and roof);
- the joints of the main structural and for envelope elements;
- the heat conservation capacity of the building;
- the structural performance under the load combination that
contain dead, snow, live loads and seismic action.
2|Page

The thermal and structural design and the constructive details of the
elements already mentioned.

Electricity supply will be made from the electricity network, with authorization
obtained from E-on.The sewerage will be made by joining the sewerage
network of neighborhood.The heating will be made by connecting to the
thermic network of the neighborhood or individually by central heating.
The thickness of the load bearing walls must satisfy the following criterion:
1).Structural safety
2).Thermal insulation
3).Soundproofing
4).Fire protection

The project consists of the following elements:

A. Written part :
1. The project theme;
2. Project content;
3. Technical report;
4. The design of the walls and roof for hygrothermal conditions:
- the general factor of heat loos G,
- estimation of water vapour condensation risk in the envelop
structure;
5. The assessment of loads and design load combination;
6. The computation of the cross shear walls sectional characteristics;
7. Stress and strain analysis for the cross shear walls.
B. Drawings :
1. Current floor plan, scale 1:50,
2. Ground floor plan (building access detail), scale 1:50,
3. Cross section through the staircase, scale 1:50,
4. Roof plan, scale 1:100,
3|Page

5. Constructive details, plan, scale 1:5, 1:10.

A.Building geometrical characteristics determination

1. Inferior slab area (A1), superior slab area (A2) are:
A1=A2=A3=A4=A5= 436.84m2
2. The perimeter:
P = 90.4 m
3. The free height of the ground floor (measured between the upper side of
the inferior slab and the lower side of the superior slab) is: H = 2,70 m.
Envelope's elements name
ground
floor
1-4 floors
ground
Exteri
Windo floor
or
ws
walls
1-4 floors
ground
Doors floor
1-4 floors
Inferior plate [A1]
Superior plate [A2]
Envelope's surface
Masonr
y

4|Page

Envelope's elements surface [sqm]

N
S
E
V

Total
[sqm]

77.94

78.66

36.18

36.18

311.76

314.64

144.72

144.72

10.08
40.32

9.36
37.44

0
0

0
0

97.2

3.78
15.12

0
0

0
0

0
0

18.9

436.84
436.84

1144.8

436.84
436.84
2134.58

B.Thermal resistance determination (R)

R - the unidirectional specific thermic resistance, in the area without thermal
bridges,where the element is composed of one or more layers of material
considered homogenious(without thermal bridges),including layers of
unventilated air, all disposed perpendicular to the direction of the air flow.
R=Rsi+d/+Rse [m2 *K/W]
a).Outer wall masonry blocks
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6

Material layer
1/i
Lime plaster
BCA GBN 30
Rigid mineral wool
Cement plaster
1/2

R> Rmin

if

Layer thickness [m]

0,03
0,2
X
0,015
R=

, it results that

0,8774+

Thermal conductivity ()[W/mK]

0,87
0.30
0,05
0,93
-

X
>2,16
0,05

d/
0,125
0,0344
0.6666
0
0,016129
0.042
0.8774

2
[ m k /W ].

X>0,06m .
Therefore the thermal thickness of the outer wall made of masonry will be of 10cm.

No.

5|Page

Material layer

Layer thickness [m]

Thermal conductivity ()[W/mK]

d/

1/i

Lime plaster

0,03

0,87

3
4
5
6

BCA GBN 30
Rigid mineral wool
Cement plaster
1/2

0,2
0,1
0,015
-

0,30
0,05
0,93
-

0,125
0,034482
8
0,666666
7
2
0,016129
0,042
2,884278
5

R=

b).Outer wall reinforced concrete

No.
1
2
3
4
5
6

Material layer
1/i
Lime plaster
Reinforced concrete wall
Rigid mineral wool
Cement plaster
1/2

R> Rmin

if

Layer thickness [m]

0,03
0,2
X
0,015
R=

, it results that

0,3324+

Thermal conductivity ()[W/mK]

0,87
1.74
0,05
0,93
-

X
>2,16
0,05

d/
0,125
0,0344
0.1149
0
0,016129
0.042
0.3324

2
[ m k /W ].

X>0,09m .

Therefore the thermal thickness of the outer wall made of masonry will be of 10cm.
No.
1

Material layer
1/i

Layer thickness [m]

-

Thermal conductivity ()[W/mK]

-

Lime plaster

0,03

0,87

6|Page

d/
0,125
0,034482
8

3
4
5
6

Reinforced concrete wall

Rigid mineral wool
Cement plaster
1/2

0,2
0,1
0,015
R=

1,62
0,05
0,93
-

0,123456
8
2
0,016129
0,042
2,341

c) Plate over the unheated basement

No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Material layer
1/i
Ceramic tiles
Mortar bead
Reinforced Concrete Slab
Rigid mineral wool
Ceiling plaster
1/2

Layer thickness [m]

0,015
0,03
0,15
X
0,015
R=

'
For plate over the basement the Rmin is 2,90.

Rmin =1,22,90=
R> Rmin

if

Thermal conductivity ()[W/mK]

2,03
0,93
1,74
0,05
0,18
-

d/
0,167
0,0073892
0,0322581
0,08620
0
0,0833333
0,084
0,368

It results that

3,48 [ m k /W ].

, it results that

0,365732+

X
2
>3,48
[ m k /W ].
0,05

X>0,1556 m.
The thickness of the insulation layer for the floor over the unheated basement
will be equal to 20 cm.

No.
1

Material layer
1/i

Layer thickness [m]

-

Thermal conductivity ()[W/mK]

-

Ceramic tiles

0,015

2,03

Mortar bead

0,03

0,93

Reinforced Concrete Slab

0,15

1,62

2
3
4

7|Page

d/
0,167
0,007389
2
0,032258
1
0,092592
6

5
6
7

Rigid mineral wool

0,18

0,05

Ceiling plaster
1/2

0,015
-

0,18
-

Total thermal rezistance of the element R=

3,6
0,083333
3
0,084
4,066573
2

Terrace roof
'
For terrace roof the Rmin is 5,00 .

Rmin =1,25=

2
6 [ m k /W ].

No.
1

Material layer
1/i

Layer thickness [m]

-

Thermal conductivity ()[W/mK]

-

2
3

Ceiling plaster
Reinforced concrete slab

0,015
0,18

0,18
1.74

Sloping layer

0,05

0,93

5
6

Water vapour barrier

Rigid mineral wool

0,002
X

0,38
0,05

7
8
9

if

It results that

Waterproof layer
0,003
Protecting layer(bitumen)
0,05
1/2
Total thermal rezistance of the element R=

R> Rmin

, it results that

0,41278+

0,38
0,17
-

d/
0,167
0,083333
3
0,103448
0,053763
4
0,005263
2
0
0,007894
7
0,2941176
0,084
0.41278

X
2
>6
[ m k /W ].
0,05

X>0,279 m.
The thickness of the insulation layer for the terrace roof will be equal to
30 cm.
No.
1
2

8|Page

Material layer
1/i
Ceiling plaster

Layer thickness [m]

0,015

Thermal conductivity ()[W/mK]

0,18

d/
0,167
0,083333

R.C. Slab

0,18

1,74

Sloping layer

0,05

0,93

5
6

Water vapour barrier

Rigid mineral wool

0,002
0,3

0,38
0,05

7
8
9

Waterproof layer
0,003
Protecting layer(bitumen)
0,05
1/2
Total thermal rezistance of the element R=

0,38
0,17
-

3
0,103448
0,053763
4
0,005263
2
6
0,007894
7
0,2941176
0,084
6,459431

.
C.General factor of heat loss G
This factor of thermal insulation reflects the sum of all thermal loss
trough all the building envelope elements for a thermal difference of 1
Kelvin () plus the losses because of ventilation and air infiltration.
The mean thermal resistance will be computed according to this
formula:
1
R' =
1 ( l)
+
R
A

n=
V=
G=

A=
V=
A/V
GN=

0.5
340
3.9 [m^3]
0.42 [W/m^
52 3K]

213
4.6
340
3.9
0.62
71
0.45

[m^2}
[m^3]
m^2/
m^3

Carpent
ry

0.27

78

21.06

Carpent
ry

0.27

9|Page

Carpent
ry

0.27

84

22.68

Carpent
ry

0.27

10 | P a g e

D.The general factor of thermal insulation G

This factor of thermal insulation reflects the sum of all thermal loss
trough all the building envelope elements for a thermal difference of 1
Kelvin () plus the losses because of ventilation and air infiltration.
G G N
G=

1
A
W

+0.34 n [ 3 ]
V
R 'm
m K

GN =

A
V

Where:
- temperature correction factor
A total area of envelope
V total inside(heated) volume

The temperature correction factor

The area chosen is Bistrita city situated on thermal map in zone III
with Te = -210 C.
( T iT u )
=
=0.36
( T iT e )
A The area of the element with the specific main thermal resistance Rm,
[m2
V represents the inside volume of the building [m3] ;
Rm - represents the average corrected thermal resistance of the building
element,
[m2K/W];
n represents the ventilation rate:

The Volume of the envelope

A [sqm]
H [m]
hslab [m]
V [cm3]
Vtotal [cm3]

11 | P a g e

Heated volume
V=A(Hstorey*nost-hslab)
Groundfloor
1..4 Floors
320.52
320.52
2.70
10.80
0.18
0.18
865.404 3403.9224
4269.3264

E.Evaluation of the condensation risk

The data for Arad climatic zone II:
- Ti=+20 C;
- Te= -21 C;
- Te, med= +7.9 C;
- i= 60% ; e= 80%
1. Establishing of the temperature variation in the structure of the element:
T si =T i

(T iT e ,med )
R si [ C]
R

e , med
T iT

di
i
C
x

1
+ []
i
1

T x =T i

Outer wall reinforced concrete

No.
1

Material layer
1/i

Layer thickness [m]

-

Thermal conductivity ()[W/mK]

-

Lime plaster

0,03

0,87

3
4
5
6

Reinforced concrete wall

Rigid mineral wool
Cement plaster
1/2

0,2
0,1
0,015
R=

1,62
0,05
0,93
-

Tsi= 19.47 C C
T1= 19.16 C
T2= 18.11 C
T3= 9.29 C
Outer wall masonry

12 | P a g e

d/
0,125
0,034482
8
0,123456
8
2
0,016129
0,042
2,341

No

Material layer

Layer
thickness(d)

Specific
weight(*g)

Characteristic
load(gk)

Design
load(gd)

[m]

[N/m^3]

[N/m^2]

[N/m^2]

6=4*5

4=2*3

Lime plaster

0.03

16000

480

648

Masonry

0.2

8250

1650

2227.5

Thermal insulation

0.1

700

70

94.5

Cement plaster

0.015

18000

270

1.35

364.5

gk=

2470

gd=

3334.5

Tsi= 19.47 C C
T1= 19.12 C
T2= 18.46 C
T3= 9.13 C
Terrace roof
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Material layer
Layer thickness [m]
Thermal conductivity ()[W/mK]
1/i
Ceiling plaster
0,015
0,18
R.C. Slab
0,18
1,74
Sloping layer
0,05
0,93
Water vapour barrier
0,002
0,38
Rigid mineral wool
0,3
0,05
Waterproof layer
0,003
0,38
Protecting layer(bitumen)
0,05
0,17
1/2
Total thermal rezistance of the element R=

Tsi= 19,77 C
T1= 19,44 C
T2= 18,94 C
T3= 18,35 C
T4= 17,72C
T5= 8.12 C
2. The determination of the saturated vapour pressure of the inside and
outside air (pse,psi) and the saturated vapour pressure on each surface
( ps,si,ps1, ...ps,se).
psi=2340 [Pa]; pse= 1038 [Pa].
a) Reinforced concrete wall
Tsi= 19.47 C C - ps,si = 2267 [Pa]
T1= 19.16 C - ps1 = 1066[Pa]
13 | P a g e

d/
0,167
0,0833333
0,103448
0,0537634
0,0052632
6
0,0078947
0,2941176
0,084
6,459431

T2= 18.11 C - ps2 = 2226[Pa]

T3= 9.29 C - ps3= 2078[Pa]
b) Masonry wall
Tsi=19.47 C - ps,si= 2323 [Pa]
T1= 19.12 C - ps1= 2323 [Pa]
T2= 18.46 C - ps2= 2197 [Pa]
T3= 9.13 C - ps3= 1155 [Pa]
c) Terrace roof
Tsi= 19,77 C ps,si= 2296 [Pa];
T1= 19,44 C ps1= 2267 [Pa];
T2= 18,94 C ps2= 2323 [Pa];
T3= 18,35 C ps3= 2105 [Pa];
T4= 17,72C ps4= 1772[Pa];
T5= 8.12 C ps5= 1081[Pa];

3.The determination of outside and inside air water vapours partial pressure: pve
, pvi.
pvi =

p sii
;
100

pve =

pse e
100

[Pa].

pvi= 1255[Pa];
pve= 141.95 [Pa].
1. Computation of the vapour resistivity of each material.
Rv =R v ,1 + Rv , 2+ + Rv , n= Rv , j= d j Dj M [

M j=

D =

108 54 s1 ;

1
k dj .

a) Reinforced concrete wall

2

Rv,1=

k 2 M
2

d2

= 13.7* 108 m/s

Rv,2= 2,3*1010 m/s;

14 | P a g e

m
]
s

Rv,3= 5.94*109 m/s;

Rv,4= 5,75*108 m/s.
b) Masonry wall
Rv,1=
Rv,2=
Rv,3=
Rv,4=

5,75*108 m/s;
4,12* 109 m/s;
5,94*109 m/s;
13,77*108 m/s.

c) Terrace roof
Rv,1= 18,9*107 m/s
Rv,2= 20.7*1010 m/s
Rv,3= 19,17* 108 m/s
Rv,4 = 7.02 * 108 m/s
Rv,5 = 8,42*1010 m/s
Rv,6= 0
Rv,7= 0

Loads computation
- given by the self weight of the building elements
- constant value, calculated on the basis of nominal dimension
and specific weight
The building elements that you need to consider are:
Shear outer walls
Non-load bearing outer walls
Terrace roof
Floor over the unheated basement
Current floors
Load bearing and partition walls
15 | P a g e

 Stairs
Outer wall masonry

No

0
1
2
3
4

No

0
1
2
16 | P a g e

Material
layer

1
Lime
plaster
Masonry
Thermal
insulation
Cement
plaster

Layer
thickness(
d)

Specific
weight(*
g)

Characterist
ic load(gk)

[m]

[N/m^3]

[N/m^2]

Design
load(gd
)
[N/m^2
]

4=2*3

6=4*5

0.03

16000

480

648

0.2

8250

1650

2227.5

0.1

700

70

94.5

0.015

18000

270

1.35

364.5

gk=

2470

gd=

3334.5

Design
load(gd
)
[N/m^2
]

Outer wall RC
Layer
Material
thickness(
layer
d)

1
Lime
plaster
RC shear

Specific
weight(*
g)

Characterist
ic load(gk)

[m]

[N/m^3]

[N/m^2]

4=2*3

5
1.35

0.03
0.2

16000
25000

480
5000

6=4*5
648
6750

wall
Thermal
insulation
Cement
plaster

3
4

0.1

700

70

94.5

0.015

18000

270

364.5

gk=

5820

Inner wall 1
Mater Layer
Specific Characte
ial thicknes weight( ristic
layer s(d)
*g)
load(gk)
[N/m^3
[m]
]
[N/m^2]

No

1
Lime
plaste
1 r
Maso
2 nry
Lime
plaste
3 r

0.015

16000

240

324

0.2

18000

3600

4860

0.015

16000
gk=

4=2*3

Desi
gn
load(
F gd)
[N/m
^2]
6=4*
5
5

1.3
240 5
gd
4080
=

324
5508

Inner wall 2
No

Mate Layer
Specific Character
rial thicknes weight( istic

17 | P a g e

Desig
n

gd=

7857

layer s(d)
[m]
0

1
Lime
plast
1 er
RC
shear
2 wall
Lime
plast
3 er

*g)

load(gk)

[N/m^3]

[N/m^2]

0.015

16000

240

324

0.2

25000

5000

6750

0.015

16000

240 1.35
gd
5480
=

gk=

4=2*3

load(
gd)
[N/m
^2]
6=4*
5
5

324
7398

Floor over the basement

No
0
1
2
3
4
5

18 | P a g e

Material
layer
1
Ceramic
tiles
Mortar
bead
RC slab
Rigid
mineral
wool
Ceiling
plaster

Layer
thickness(
d)

Specific
weight(*
g)

Characterist
ic load(gk)

[m]
2

[N/m^3]
3

[N/m^2]
4=2*3

Design
load(gd
)
[N/m^2
]
6=4*5

0.015

16000

240

1.35

324

0.03
0.15

18000
25000

540
3750

1.35
1.35

729
5062.5

0.18

700

126

1.35

207.9

0.015

16000
gk=

240
4896

1.35
gd=

170.1
6203.5

Stairs

No
0
1
2
3
4

Material
layer
1
Finishin
g
Mortar
bead
RC slab
Ceiling
plaster

Layer
thickness(
d)

Specific
weight(*
g)

Characterist
ic load(gk)

[m]
2

[N/m^3]
3

[N/m^2]
4=2*3

Design
load(gd
)
[N/m^2
]
6=4*5

0.015

16000

240

1.35

324

0.03
0.2

18000
25000

540
5000

1.35
1.35

729
6750

0.015

16000
gk=

240
6020

1.35
gd=

324
8127

Terrace roof

No
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
19 | P a g e

Material
layer
1
Ceiling
plaster
RC slab
Sloping
layer
WVB
Diffusion
layer
Rigid
mineral

Layer
thickness(
d)

Specific
weight(* Characterist
g)
ic load(gk)

F
5
1.35

Design
load(g
d)
[N/m^
2]
6=4*5

[m]
2

[N/m^3]
3

[N/m^2]
4=2*3

0.015
0.18

16000
25000

240
4500

324
6075

0.05
0.002

18000
1000

900
2

1215
2.7

0.0012
0.3

1000
700

1.2
210

1.62
283.5

7
8

wool
Waterproo
f layer
Protecting
layer

0.003

6000

18

24.3

0.05

18000

900

gk=

6771.2

1215
9141.6
2

Current floor with cold finishing

Mate Layer
Specific Character
rial thicknes weight( istic
layer s(d)
*g)
load(gk)

No

[m]
0
1
2
3

1
Cera
mic
tiles
Mort
ar
bead
RC
slab
Ceili
ng
plast
er

[N/m^3]
2

0.015

16000

240 1.35

324

0.04

18000

720 1.35

972

0.18

25000

4500 1.35

6075

0.015

16000

240 1.35
gd
5700
=

324

gk=

Current floor with warm finishing

20 | P a g e

[N/m^2]
4=2*3

Desig
n
load(
F gd)
[N/m
^2]
6=4*
5
5

7695

gd=

Mate Layer
Specific Character
rial thicknes weight( istic
layer s(d)
*g)
load(gk)

No

[m]
0
1
2
3

1
Parq
uet
Woo
d
board
RC
slab
Ceili
ng
plast
er

[N/m^3]

[N/m^2]

0.02

8000

160 1.35

0.024

5500

132 1.35 178.2

0.18

25000

4500 1.35

0.015

16000

240 1.35
324
gd 6603.
5032
=
2

gk=

4=2*3

Desig
n
load(
F gd)
[N/m
^2]
6=4*
5
5
216

6075

Snow loads:

sk=i*Ce*Ct*s0,k
Ce=1
Ct=1
Where sk=characteristic value of the snow load on the roof
i=shape coefficient
Ce=exposure coefficient, depending on the type of exposure
Ct=thermal factor
s0,k=characteristic value of the snow load on the ground, depending on the
location of the building
21 | P a g e

=> s0,k=2.5[Kn/m2]=250[daN/m2]
=> sk=0.8*1*1*250=200

Loads evaluation on the current floor plan

Surface
with cold
flooring

St
m^2
2
11.39
4.120
16.20
11.51
48.13

Surface
with
woarm
flooring
Sw
m^2
3
0
0
16.20
0
10.46

P6

20.19

20.19

P7
P8
P9
P10
P11
P12

21.31
18.02
15.53
8.46
23.96

0
18.02
15.53
8.46
23.96
7.82

21.31
0
0
0
0
2.72

Type of
floor

Total
surface

Pi
1
P1
P2
P3
P4
P5

10.54

22 | P a g e

Sc
m^2
4=2-3
11.39
4.120
0
11.51
37.67

Loads on
warm
flooring
solution
gc
kN/m^2
5

6.6

Loads on
cold
flooring
solution
gr
kN/m^2
6

7.69

Weight on
the warm
flooring
solution
Gw
kN
7=3*5
0
0
106.92
0
69.03

Weight
on the
cold
flooring
solution
Gc
kN
8=4*6
87.55
32.5
0
90.92
297.59

Total
weight

No. of
similar
floors

Total of
each type
of floor

G
kN
9=7+8
87.55
32.5
106.92
90.92
366.59

10
2
2
2
4
2

Gt
kN
11=9*10
175.1
65.2
213.84
363.68
733.18

132

132

264

168.34
118.93
102.49
55.48
158.13
69.56

0
0
0
0
0
21.4

168.34
118.93
102.49
55.48
158.13
90.56

1
2
2
2
2
2

168.34
237.86
204.98
110.96
316.26
181.12

SUMGT=3034

Variable loads
Type of
floor

Total
surface

Pi
1
P1
P2
P3
P4
P5
P6
P7
P8
P9
P10
P11
P12

Sf
m^2
2
11.39
4.120
16.20
11.51
48.13
20.19
21.31
18.02
15.53
8.46
23.96

10.54

Unitary
variable
load

Variable
load

q
kN/m^2
3
2.5
2.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5

Q
kN/m^2
4=2*3
28.25
10.3
24.3
17.2
72.95
30.28
31.96
27.03
23.29
12.69
35.94
15.81

No. of
similar
floors
-

Total of
each
type of
floor
Qt
kN
6=4*5
56.5
20.6
48.6
68.8
145.9
60.56
31.96
54.06
46.58
25.38
71.88
30.62
662.44

5
2
2
2
4
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2

Permanent loads from the self weight of the walls

Ei

St

So

Sn

gp

go

Weight
of the
wall
without
openings
Gn

m2

m2

m2

kN/m2

kN/m2

kN

Type of
wall

Total
surface
of the
wall

The
surface
of the
opening

Walls
surface
without
openings

Loads on
wall
without
openings

Loads
from
carpentr
y

23 | P a g e

No of
similar
walls

Total on
each
type of
wall

Weight
of the
carpentry

Total
weight of
the wall

Go

Gt

kN

kN

kN

4=2-3

7=4*5

8=3*6

9=7+8

10

11=9*10

E1

17.82

17.82

3.33

0.5

59.3406

59.3406

237.3624

E8

8.91

8.91

3.33

0.5

29.6703

29.6703

29.6703

E3

9.72

1.5

8.22

7.85

0.5

64.527

0.75

65.277

261.108

E4

8.91

1.2

7.71

7.85

0.5

0.6

122.247

E5

15.39

2.4

12.99

7.85

0.5

206.343

E6

9.72

9.72

7.85

0.5

60.5235
101.971
5
76.302

61.1235
103.171
5
76.302

76.302

E2

24.84

1.2

23.64

7.85

0.5

185.574

0.6

186.174

372.348

E7

8.91

1.2

7.71

7.85

0.5

60.5235

0.6

61.1235

61.1235

I1

17.55

1.89

15.66

7.397

0.5

115.837

0.945

116.782

233.564

I2

16.2

1.8

14.4

7.39

0.5

106.416

0.9

107.316

214.632

I3

12

0.9

11.1

5.5

0.5

61.05

0.45

61.5

123

I4

11.13

1.89

9.24

5.5

0.5

50.82

0.945

51.765

207.06

I5

15.75

1.89

13.86

5.5

0.5

0.945

154.35

12.25

1.89

10.36

3.362

0.5

71.55064

I7

7.5

1.89

5.61

3.362

0.5

39.61164

I8

15.75

1.89

13.86

7.749

0.5

107.4011

0.945

77.175
35.7753
2
19.8058
2
108.346
1

I6

76.23
34.8303
2
18.8608
2

216.6923

Sum Gt=

2626.965

Loads evaluation on the terrace roof plan

Type of
floor
Pter
1
P1ter

Surface
of the
floor
St
m^2
2
436.84

Loads on
the
terrace
roof
gc
kN/m^2
3
9.14112

Gter
kN
4=2*3
3993.19

Total of
each
type of
floor

No. of
similar
floors

Total
weight
-

5
1

Gt.ter
kN
6=4*5
3993.19

Variable loads

Type of
floor

Total
surface

Unitary
variable
load

Variable
load

No. of
similar
floors

Total of
each
type of
floor

Pterr

St

Qterr

Qt,terr

kN
655.26

Pi,terr

24 | P a g e

m
436.84

kN/m
1.5

Kn
655.26

1.2

0.945
0.945

Permanent loads from the self weight of the attic

Type of
floor
Ei,att

Attic
surface
St

Loads
from the
attic
gc

Total
weight
Gatt

m2
2
17.82
24.81
9.72
8.91
15.39
9.72
24.84
8.91

kN/m2
3
3.33
3.33
7.85
7.85
7.85
7.85
7.85
7.85

kN
4=2*3
59.34
82.6
76.30
69.94
120.81
76.30
186.3
69.94

1
E1,att
E8,att
E3,att
E4,att
E5,att
E6,att
E2,att
E7,att

No of
similar
walls
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Total
load
Gt,att
kN
6=4*5
59.34
82.6
76.3
69.34
120.81
76.30
186.3
69.94

Gt,att=679.88

Loads evalution on the whole building

G=G1+G2+G3+G4+G5
G1=G2=G3=G4=G5=Gc
G=4xGc+G5
Gc=2626.96+3034+0.4x(622.44+655.26)
G5=3993.19+679.88+0.5x2626.96+0.4x2

=
=

30739.5
6188.04
5
5987.32

Basic seismic force

Tc=0.7 s
Gtot=Groof+4*Gfloor
Groof=0.5*Gwall+Gterr+Gattic+0.4*max(Qsnow or Qterrace)
=2626.96*0.5+3993,19+679.88+0.4*655.26
=6248.65 kN
25 | P a g e

Gfloor=Gwalls+Gslab+0.4*max(Qliveload or Qinternalwalls)
=2626.96+3034+0.4x1260.45=6165.14
=>Gtot=14501.03kN
=>Fb=0.18*Gtot=2610.18

Determining the moments of inertia for the

reinforced concrete elements
Element No.1

A1 = 0.04 m2
A2 = 0.12 m2
A3 = 0.04 m2
Ix = 0.0039
26 | P a g e

Iy =0.0039
Active sections to shear force
A m , t=

bh 0.200.60
=
=0.10 m2
k
1.1

k = 1.1 for T and L sections;

Seismic load distribution
s = 1
I0 = Im = Iy = 0.0039 m4
I e=

sI 0
10.0039
=
=0.0039 m 4
I
10.00 39
1+ s s 20 1+ 10.87
0.1013.5 2
A m, tH

Cd,i=Ies,i/(Ies,i)=0.0039/23.16=1.6x10^-4
Fb,i= Cd,i*Fb=1.6*10^-4*2610.18=0.41
Si= Fb,i*mi*zi/(mi*zi)
m = Gt/g=14501030/10=1450103kg
zi = 13.5
(mi*zi)=78305560
Si=1.02
Element no2 T Shape

A1 = 0.04 m2
A2 = 0.12 m2
y G=

y 1 A 1+ y 2 A2 0.200.12
=
=0.15 m
A1 + A 2
0.16

Ix = 0.0017
Iy = 0.0037
27 | P a g e

Active sections to shear force

A m , t=

bh 0.200.40
=
=0.07 m2
k
1.1

and L sections;
Seismic load distribution
s = 1
I0 = Im = Iy = 0.0037m4

I e=

sI 0
10.0037
=
=0.0038 m 4
ssI 0
10.0037
1+ 10.87
1+
2
2
0.071 3.5
A m, tH

Cd,i=Ies,i/(Ies,i)=0.0038/23.16=1.64*10^-4
Fb,i= Cd,i*Fb=1.64*10^(-4)*2610.18 =0.42
Si= Fb,i*mi*zi/(mi*zi)
m = Gt/g=14501030/10=1450103kg
zi = 13.5
(mi*zi)=78305560
=> Si=1.05

Element no.3

28 | P a g e

k = 1.1 for T

A1=A2=0.04 m2
A3=1.38 m2
x G=

x 1 A1 + x 2 A2 + x 3 A 3+ x 4 A 4 0.200.0 40.200.0 40.81. 3 8

=
=0.76 m
A1 + A 2 + A 3 + A 4
1.46

Principal moments and X-Y directions about centroid:

Ix: 0.8239 m2
Iy: 41.7186 m2
Active sections to shear force
A m , t=

bh 0.2013.2
=
k
1.1

= 2.4 m2

Seismic load distribution

s = 1
I0 = Im = Ix = 41.7 m4
I e=

sI 0
141.7
=
=20.54
ssI 0
141.7
1+ 10.87
1+
2.413.52
A m , tH 2

29 | P a g e

Cd,i=Ies,i/(Ies,i)=20.54/23.16=0.88
Fb,i= Cd,i*Fb=2296.95
Si= Fb,i*mi*zi/(mi*zi)
m = Gt/g=14501030/10=1450103kg
zi = 13.5
(mi*zi)= 78305560
=> Si=574.366

Element no.4

30 | P a g e

Principal moments and X-Y directions about centroid:

Ix: 0.0086
Iy: 3.3857
A1 = 0.04 m2
A2 = 0.12 m2
A3 = 1.04 m2
x G=

x 1 A 1 + x 2 A2 + x 3 A 3
=0.333m
A 1 + A2 + A3

y G=

y 1 A 1+ y 2 A2 + y 3 A 3 0.100.04 +1.400.12+ 2.7250.15

=
=0.48 m
A 1 + A 2 + A3
1.2

Ix= 3.1282
Iy = 0.0071
Active sections to shear force
A m , t=

bh 0.205.20
2
=
=0.94 m
k
1.1

T and L sections;
Seismic load distribution
s = 1
I0 = Im = Iy = 0.3920 m4
31 | P a g e

k = 1.1 for

I e=

sI 0
13.1282
=
=2.6287 m4
ssI 0
13.1282
1+ 10.87
1+
2
0.9413.52
A m , tH

Cd,i=Ies,i/(Ies,i)=0.3959/23.16=0.015
Fb,i= Cd,i*Fb=0.015*2610.18=39.125
Si= Fb,i*mi*zi/(mi*zi)
m = Gt/g=14501030/10=1450103kg
zi = 13.5
(mi*zi)= 78305560
=> Si=97.81
Concentrated loads in joints
Fb,i=S=S1+S2+...+Sn=S1(1+2+...+n)=97.81*4*5/2=978.1

Equivalent uniform distributed load:

S1=2*Fb,i/n(n+1)=2*S/n(n+1)=n*S1=2*S/(n+1)=391.24
The equivalent load distributed along the height of the storey will be:
qs=Sn/hstorey=2*S/(n+1)*hstorey=2*n*S/(n+1)*H=2*n*Fb,i/
(n+1)*H=115.92

N,V,M diagrams
Mjk(ji)=ms*qs*H^2/100

32 | P a g e

 For shear walls with no openings

Mjk(ji)=2*ms*qs*H^2/100=ms*422.52
M01=22*422.52=9295.44Kn*m
M10=-16*422.52KN*m=-6760.32=-M12
M21=-10.4*422.52=-4394.20kN*m=-M23
M32=-5.6*422.52=2366.11=-M34
M43=-2*422.52=845.04kN*m=-M45
M54=0

33 | P a g e

Qjk=(Mjk+Mkj)/he

No.

34 | P a g e

Building
element

Bridge
detail

Q01=(M01+M10)/he=2535.12/2.7=938.93kN
Q12=(M12+M21)/he=2366.12/2.7=876.34kN
Q23=(M23+M32)/he=2028.09/2.7=751.14kn
Q34=(M34+M43)/he=1521.07/2.7=563.35kN
Q45=(M45+M54)/he=845.04/2.7=312.97kN

Heat
loss
()

Therma
l bridge
length
(l)

xl

W/mK

W/K

1.

1.

North
faade

South
faade

Outer
corner

0,06

28

1,68

0,04

56

2,24

0,06

56

3,36

Current
floor

0,14
0,09
0,11

18,4
73,6
73,6

2,576
6,624
8,096

Basement

0,15

18,4

2,76

Outer
corner

0,06

28

1,68

0,04

56

2,24

0,06

56

3,36

0,14
0,09
0,11
0,21

18,4
43,2
43,2
30,4

2,576
3,888
4,752
6,384

0,15

30,4

4,56

0,15

18,4

2,76

0,1

28

2,8

0,14

28

3,92

Current
floor

0,15
0,11
0,13

11,4
45,6
45,6

1,71
5,016
5,928

Basement

0,18

11,2

2,016

Outer
corner

0,1

28

2,8

Walls
intersectio
n

0,14

28

3,92

Current
floor

0,15
0,11
0,13

11,4
45,6
45,6

1,71
5,016
5,928

Basement

0,18

11,2

2,016

Basement

0,25

36,8

9,2

Walls
intersectio
n
Attic

Walls
intersectio
n
Attic
Current
floor
Current
floor &
balcony
Basement

1.

1.

2.

35 | P a g e

East
faade

West
faade

Floor

Outer
corner
Walls
intersectio
n
Attic

Attic

over the
basemen
t
Terrace
roof

3.

4.

Openings

0,11

81,6

8,976

0,27

22,4

6,048

Attic

0,18
0,19

36,8
22,4

6,624
4,256

Carpentry
S

0,27

193,4

52,218

Carpentry
E

0,27

60

16,2

Carpentry
N

0,27

116

31,32

Carpentry
V

0,27

60

16,2

Area
(A)

Thermal
resistan
ce (R)

(xl
)

m^2
7

m^2k/w
8

W/K
9

Correcte
d
thermal
resistanc
e (R'j)
m^2k/w
10

240,1

2,88

27,33
6

2,1688455
7

210,94

2,88

32,2

2,0005110
7

36 | P a g e

Temp.
corr.
Factor
()
11

R'm
m2/W
12
1,939566
9

Ax/
R'm
W/K
13

123,790
5

108,756
2

149,5

2,34

21,39

1,7530716
2

77,0790
6

149,5

2,34

21,39

1,7530716
2

77,0790
6

206,08

4,06

24,22
4

2,7483702

0,538

2,748370
2

40,3406
5

206,08

6,84

10,88

5,0252806
4

5,025280
6

41,0086
5

0,7

0,7

165,625
7

115,938

37 | P a g e

633,679
9