BigTable (Google)

http://labs.google.com/papers/bigtable.html
http://www.baselinemag.com/article2/0,1540,1985047,00.asp
Dynamo (Amazon)
http://www.allthingsdistributed.com/2007/10/amazons_dynamo.html
highly available distributed key-value storage system
Amazon DynamoDB http://aws.amazon.com/dynamodb/
Amazon "NoSQL" database service
Apache Cassandra http://cassandra.apache.org/
Distributed "NoSQL" database written in Java; CQL (Cassandra Query Language)
Language drivers for Java (JDBC), Python (DBAPI2), Node.JS (Helenus)
key-value / column-oriented hybrid
Developed at Facebook by one of the authors of Dynamo
MongoDB
http://www.mongodb.org/
document database (JSON)
used as default in Meteor
Apache Accumulo http://accumulo.apache.org/
Distributed storage based on Google BigTable written in Java
key-value
with security unlike HBase
Apache CouchDB http://couchdb.apache.org/
"NoSQL" document database written in Erlang
JSON documents
Apache HBase http://hbase.apache.org/
distributed "NoSQL" database based on Google BigTable written in Java
Hypertable http://hypertable.com/
Distributed database based on Google BigTable
Riak http://basho.com/riak/
distributed "NoSQL" fault-tolerant key-value database
implements principles of Amazon Dynamo
Redis http://redis.io/
networked in-memory key-value data store, with persistence options, and optional clustering
Neo4j http://www.neo4j.org/
graph database written in Java
Apache Hadoop http://hadoop.apache.org/
Distributed computing & storage framework
storage is handled by HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File System)
can be hosted on Amazon S3
Amazon S3 http://aws.amazon.com/s3/

RethinkDB http://rethinkdb.com/
Couchbase http://www.couchbase.com/ (formerly Membase, by Memcached developers)
document-based; consistency and partition tolerance.
Aerospike http://www.aerospike.com/
OrientDB http://orientdb.com/orientdb/
Graph database with documents
ClusterPoint https://www.clusterpoint.com/
document-orientes (XML/JSON)
Amazon SimpleDB
distributed database written in Erlang (AWS service)
PostgreSQL http://www.postgresql.org/
has some NoSQL capabilities:
HSTORE, json & jsonb columns for key-value pairs/documents (json, jsonb can nest)
http://nandovieira.com/using-postgresql-and-jsonb-with-ruby-on-rails
http://www.infoworld.com/article/2608863/nosql/postgresql-ramps-up-its-nosql-game.html
http://www.enterprisedb.com/news-events/press-releases/enterprisedb-makes-agile-nosql-developmenteasy-new-postgres-aws-deployme
http://www.linuxjournal.com/content/postgresql-nosql-database
http://info.enterprisedb.com/rs/enterprisedb/images/EDB_White_Paper_Using_the_NoSQL_Features_in_P
ostgres.pdf

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NoSQL
http://sqrrl.com/how-to-choose-a-nosql-database/
http://blog.nahurst.com/visual-guide-to-nosql-systems
http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/6/20/35-use-cases-for-choosing-your-next-nosql-database.html
http://www.slideshare.net/thobe/choosing-the-right-nosql-database
http://db-engines.com/en/system/Redis%3BRiak
http://kkovacs.eu/cassandra-vs-mongodb-vs-couchdb-vs-redis
http://www.datastax.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/WP-Benchmarking-Top-NoSQL-Databases.pdf
http://www.quora.com/Redis-vs-Memcached-which-one-should-I-use-for-a-web-based-application
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/10558465/memcached-vs-redis
http://www.sarahmei.com/blog/2013/11/11/why-you-should-never-use-mongodb/
http://jaxenter.com/evaluating-nosql-performance-which-database-is-right-for-your-data.1-49428.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qI_g07C_Q5I
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lzwAJxIESNU
http://db-engines.com/en/ranking