Professional Documents
Culture Documents
English at Home
English at Home
English at Home
By
Asad yaqub
03009466533
asad_2002pk@yahoo.com
Contents
Page No.
Chapter 1
CD 1
Chapter 2
CD 2
Contractions
Chapter 3
CD 2
Modal Verbs
10
Chapter 4
CD 3
11
Chapter 5
CD 4
20
Relation
Rat
Small
Flat
Tall
B
Book
Bribe
Bubble
Bat
Bird
Bluff
But
Balcony
Brown
Bamboo
C
Come
Computer
Cry
Place
Cat
Coconut
Cook
Trace
Cut
Cucumber
Contain
Face
Couple
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Curtain
Race
CH
Change
Chocolate
Chin
Chemistry
1.
2.
3.
Mat
Fall
Chalk
Chamber
Challenge
Chemical
Charge
China
Cheat
Dog
Drive
Duration
E
Electronic
Envelope
Enable
Elephant
Echo
Equal
FGHIJ
Fan
Gang
House
Islam
Jack
Fun
Gun
Honest
Ink
Jet
For
Ghost
Hour
Intel
Just
K
King
Karachi
Know
Kind
Kabul
Knowledge
Kilo
Kurd
Knight
1.
2.
3.
Escape
Electricity
Equality
Grand
Host
Insect
Journalist
Kashmir
Kilometer
Loyal
Must
Not
Onion
Library
Music
Nest
Oops!
Low
Miss
Name
Oil
P
Pakistan
Personal
Principal
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Decorate
Delay
Day
LMNO
Lion
Most
No
Orange
1.
2.
3.
4.
Design
Destroy
Direction
Play
People
Place
Police
Pupil
Pin
Put
Pot
Pink
QRS
Question
Rabbit
Suggestion
Quality
Race
Stage
Quit
Range
Say
Quarter
Rest
Sorry
1.
2.
3.
T
Total
Toy
Touch
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Titanic
Tonic
Taste
Tolerate
Test
Tub
Th
Thin
There
Tooth
1.
2.
3.
Trust
Train
Table
Think
The
Truth
Nothing
Therefore
Forth
Thank
Then
North
I think thin Smith can thank you for telling the truth.
Thin people of North and south think of the toothache.
Then, their think tank thought to do nothing in north and south themselves.
UVWX
Union
Volcano
Work
X-Ray
Use
Various
Waste
Xenophobe
United
Very
West
Unit
YZ
Yellow
Cry
Zebra
Young
Fry
Zest
Yell
My
Zoo
Yes
Buy
Zurich
Vast
When
Chapter 2 CD 2: Contractions
Positive Contractions
Notes
Be careful. Some contractions can have two or three meanings. For example, he'd can be he had or he
would. It depends on the rest of the sentence. Look at these examples:
He'd like to go. (He would like to go.)
He'd finished when I arrived. (He had finished when I arrived.)
The contraction 's (= is or has) is not used only with pronouns. It can also be used with nouns, names,
question words and words like "here" and "there", for example: The train's late. John's arrived. Where's the
phone? Here's your change. There's a policeman.
Short form
I'm
I've
I'll
I'd
Youre
Youve
Youll
Youd
Hes
Hell
Hed
Shes
Shell
Shed
Its
Itll
Were
Weve
Well
Wed
Theyre
Theyve
Theyll
Theyd
Long form
I am
I have
I will/I shall
I would/I should/I had
you are
you have
you will
you had/you would
he has/he is
he will
he had/he would
she has/she is
she will
she had/she would
it has/it is
it will
we are
we have
we will
we had/we would
they are
they have
they will
they had/they would
Sentences
Im in the class room.
Ive had my breakfast.
Ill talk to you tomorrow.
Id like to eat a sandwich. Id reached when he came.
Youre the best student.
Youve reached Lahore.
Youll be very happy.
Youd like to eat ice cream, right? Youd slept when it rained.
Hes gone back home. Hes going back home.
Hell come tomorrow.
Hed like to drive my car. Hed gone when teacher came.
Shes washing the dishes. Shes washed the dishes.
Shell be delighted to see you.
Shed like to eat pizza. Shed slept when it rained.
Its raining. Its rained.
Itll be a very good idea.
Were planning to buy a new car.
Weve been living in Lahore for ages.
Well never disappoint you.
Wed like to help you. Wed gone when you came.
Theyre playing very well.
Theyve tried to cheat us.
Theyll be in trouble if they dont follow me.
Theyd like to meet me. Theyd had dinner when I reached.
Negative Contractions
Notes
With the verb "to be", two negative forms are possible - we aren't or we're not etc.
In questions, am not is contracted to aren't, for example: I'm late, aren't I?
Short form
Long form
Sentences
Arent
are not
We arent telling the false stories.
Cant
cannot, can not
I cant speak Arabic.
Couldnt
could not
Im so sorry, I couldnt help you.
Darent
dare not
Our enemies darent attack us.
Didnt
did not
She didnt call me.
Doesnt
does not
He doesnt like desserts.
Dont
do not
We dont believe him.
Hasnt
has not
It hasnt rained in Lahore.
Havent
have not
They havent passed this test.
Hadnt
had not
You hadnt told me about that.
is not
may not
might not
must not
need not
ought not
shall not
should not
was not
were not
will not
would not
It isnt fair.
It maynt rain today.
The guests mightnt come.
We mustnt waste our time.
I neednt tell a lie with you.
He oughtnt to disobey his father.
We shant come tomorrow. (old fashioned)
She shouldnt watch television every time.
The servant wasnt at home when the theft took place.
They werent playing cricket when the power failed.
I wont let you down. (Let down means to disappoint)
I wouldnt like to have a cup of tea.
Other Contractions
Here are some more examples showing some very common contractions.
Short form
Long form
Sentences
Heres
here is
Here's your meal.
Therell
there will
There'll be nobody here tomorrow.
Theres
there is
There's a taxi!
Thats
that is
That's my car!
Thatll
that will
That'll be $10, please.
Hows
how is?
How's your wife?
Whatll
what will?
What'll people think?
Whats
what is?
What's the matter?
Whens
when is?
When's the wedding?
Wheres
where is?
Where's the cinema?
Whos
who is?
Who's your teacher?
Whod
who would?
Who'd like ice-cream?
Wholl
who will?
Who'll be there?
Informal Contractions
Informal contractions are short forms of other words that people use when speaking casually. They are not
exactly slang, but they are a little like slang. For example, "gonna" is a short form of "going to". If you say
"going to" very fast, without carefully pronouncing each word, it can sound like "gonna".
Please remember that these are informal contractions. That means that we do not use them in "correct"
speech, and we almost never use them in writing. (If you see them in writing, for example in a comic strip
that is because the written words represent the spoken words or dialogue.) We normally use them only
when speaking fast and casually, for example with friends. Some people never use them, even in informal
speech.
It is probably true to say that informal contractions are more common in American English.
Also note that, unlike normal contractions, we do not usually use apostrophes (') with informal contractions
when written.
On the right are some common informal contractions, with example sentences. Note that the example
sentences may be a little artificial because when we use a contraction we may also use other contractions in
the same sentence, or even drop some words completely. For example:
Wanna coke?
What are you going to do? >>
Whatcha going to do? >>
Ain't = am not/are not/is not
Whatcha gonna do?
I ain't sure.
You ain't my boss.
Do you want a coke?
Do you wanna coke?
Ain't = has not/have not
D'you wanna coke?
I ain't done it.
D'ya wanna coke?
She ain't finished yet.
Ya wanna coke?
Gimme = give me
Gimme your money.
Don't gimme that rubbish.
Can you gimme a hand?
Gonna = going to
Nothing's gonna change my love for
you.
I'm not gonna tell you.
What are you gonna do?
Gotta = (have) got a
I've gotta gun.
I gotta gun.
She hasn't gotta penny.
Have you gotta car?
Gotta = (have) got to
I've gotta go now.
I gotta go now.
We haven't gotta do that.
Have they gotta work?
Kinda = kind of
She's kinda cute.
Lemme = let me
Lemme go!
Wanna = want to
I wanna go home.
Wanna = want a
I wanna coffee.
Ya = you
Who saw ya?
Could
Ought to
Would
May
Shall
Might
Should
Spoken Practice
Make 5 sentences with Might.
Can
1. I can speak Spanish.
2. They can't speak fluently.
3. Can you play the piano?
4. Cant you come tomorrow?
Spoken Practice
Talk about your abilities and disabilities with
can and cant.
Have to
1. I have to learn English.
2. We dont have to get up early in the
morning.
3. Do you have to go at 9?
4. Dont they have to speak English in the
class?
Spoken Practice
Make 5 sentences with have to.
Could
1. He could beat the record easily.
2. I couldnt help you.
3. Could you come yesterday?
4. Couldnt Pakistan win the world cup?
Spoken Practice
Make 5 sentences of this pattern: When I was
small I could read and write.
Have got to
1. I have got to go.
2. She has got to work hard.
3. Have you got to catch the train?
4. Have they got to learn French?
Spoken Practice
Make 5 sentences with have got to.
Must
1. We must get up early in the morning.
2. You mustnt tell a lie.
3. Must I go to college every day?
4. Mustnt they learn English?
Spoken Practice
Make 5 sentences with must and 5 with
mustnt.
Ought to
1. I ought to obey my elders.
2. We ought not to tell a lie.
3. Ought we to learn English?
4. Ought they to not come late?
Spoken Practice
Make 5 sentences ought to.
Should
1.
2.
3.
4.
Degrees of Possibility
1. He could be upstairs.
2. He might be upstairs.
3. He may be upstairs.
Prediction
1. She might win.
2. She will win.
3. She may win.
4. She could win.
May
1. It may rain today.
2. Pakistan may win the match.
3. May I come in?
4. May we not sit here?
Write down 5 sentences with May.
Might
1. He might come anytime.
2. She mightnt pass the test.
3. Might they learn English?
4. Mightnt she go to London?
Polite Requests
1. Can I see you in your office, please?
2. Could I see you in your office, please?
3. May I see you in your office, please?
4. Would you tell me the time, please?
5. Could you tell me the time, please?
6. Can you tell me the time, please?
7. Will you tell me the time, please?
10
In positive sentences:
Sharks have sharp teeth (Use 1)
The Present Simple is one of the English tenses (Use 1)
I learn English twice a week(Use 2)
I have two eggs (Use 4)
I come from Basil (Use 3)
In questions:
Questions require the auxiliary verb 'do' or, in the 3rd person, 'does'. Keep in mind that when you ask a
question, you don't need 's' anymore. Compare these examples:
A:Does she like going to the mountains?
B:Yes, she does
OR
B: Yes, she likes going to the mountains.
A:Does John have a dog?
B:No, he doesn't (have a dog).
Does Mike often play tennis? (Use 2)
Do you know what the Present Simple is? (Use 3)
Is China in Europe? (Use 1)
In negative sentences:
He doesn't go to cinema at all (Use 2)
I don't like winter (Use 4)
They don't live in New York anymore (Use 3)
Fish don't smoke cigarettes (Use 1)
Note: To express actions that take place regularly, you may use adverbs of frequency such as:
always
never
frequently/often
usually
seldom/rarely
nowadays
every week/year
sometimes/occasionally
from time to time
11
In positive sentences
He is getting married this month (Use 2)
They are swimming in the sea (Use 1)
I'm drinking hot coffee now (Use 1)
I'm having a shower now (Use 1)
Mike is just preparing to eat his big chicken.
12
13
Yet
Recently
Just
Before
At last
Lately
Write a note on completed action in the present i.e. I have finished my meal etc.
2.
List down the places you have visited in your life so far with the following sentence:
I have been to. For example, I have been to Karachi etc.
3.
14
In questions:
How long did he work there? (Use 2)
Did the telephone ring? (Use 1)
Did you see that? (Use 1)
Remember!
Common time expressions (time adverbials) in the Past Simple:
yesterday, the other day, just now, the day before yesterday, ago, before.
In negative sentences:
He didn't learn any Italian when he was in Italy two year ago (Use 2)
wasn't at my grandma's when you came (Use 1)
Spoken & Written Practice
1. What did you do yesterday?
2. How did you spend your last Sunday or Friday?
3. Write a note on the funniest incident of your life?
4. Write a note on the saddest incident of your life?
5. How did you celebrate your last birthday?
15
What did you do on last Eid Festival or Christmas (for Christian students)?
Describe a memorable or unforgettable incident of your life.
Describe a memorable trip to any place.
Describe a wedding you once attended.
Describe any traveling experience.
When did you go for shopping last time and what did you buy?
16
17
18
19
S+V+O
Passive: S + Be + PP(V3ed) + by + O
EX: My father planted this tree last year.
This tree was planted by my father last year.
The Simple Present Tense
Active: S + V(s/es) + O
Passive: S + am/is/are + PP + by + O
EX: He reads books every day.
Books are read (by him) every day.
The Present Continuous Tense
Active: S + am/is/are + V-ing + O
Passive: S + am/is/are + being +PP + by + O
EX: He is writing a novel at the moment.
A novel is being written (by him) at the moment.
The Present Perfect Tense
Active: S + Has/Have + V3ed + O
Passive: S + has/have + been +PP + by + O
EX: He has just finished a novel.
A novel has just been finished (by him).
The Simple Past Tense
Active: S + V2ed + O
Passive: S + was/were + PP + by + O
EX: He gave Tom a book.
A book was given to Tom (by him).
Tom was given a book (by him).
The Past Continuous Tense
Active: S + was/were + V-ing + O
Passive: S + was/were + being + PP + by + O
EX: He was writing a letter at 8.00 yesterday.
A letter was being written (by him).
The Past Perfect Tense
Active: S + had + V3ed + O
Passive: S + had + been + PP + by + O
EX: He had finished his homework before 8.00 yesterday.
His homework had been finished (by him) before 8.00 yesterday.
The Simple Future Tense
Active: S + will/shall + V + O
Passive: S + will/shall + be + PP + by + O
EX: He will finish the homework.
The homework will be finished.
The Future Continuous Tense
Active: S + will/shall + be + V-ing + O
Passive: S + will/shall + be + being + PP + by + O
EX: Tom will be cooking lunch at 10.00 tomorrow.
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