Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Answer 45
Answer 45
Jawapan
Biology
JAWAPAN BIOLOGY
Answer
B
B
C
B
D
B
A
D
D
D
No
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Answer
D
B
D
C
B
B
C
C
B
C
No
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Answer
D
A
B
D
A
B
B
A
A
D
No
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Answer
B
A
C
C
D
B
A
B
A
B
No
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
Answer
C
A
A
D
B
D
B
A
B
C
Marking criteria
Marks
Y : Carrier protein
Z : Channel protein / pore protein
1
1
b)(i)
(ii)
Acts as a barrier between the internal and external environment of the cell
// Allows only specific molecules to pass through it
// provide the structural basis for all cell membrane.
c)
d)(i)
1
1
1
1
(ii)
(Any three)
268
(Any three)
2a)(i) W : chromatid
X : spindle fibre
(ii)
b)
1
1
1
Total
1
1
Cell S : metaphase
Cell T : metaphase I
1
1
c)(i)
or
or
or
3
12
2
2
1
(ii)
Testes//Ovary//Anther//Ovule
(iii)
10
-Radiotherapy.
-Radioactive rays will kill cancer cells
-When all the cancer cells are destroyed, they cannot reproduce by
mitosis
Cloning
-Problem: Costly // expensive//All clones have same resistant towards diseases /
environmental factors
d)
e)
3a)
b)
Secretion : Bile
Function : Lipids / fats emulsifier / breaking lipids into tiny droplets
1
Total
1
1
2
12
2
c)(i)
(ii)
Thin wall / Single cell // long / folded// many microvilli// a network of blood
capillaries
JAWAPAN BIOLOGY
e)
269
d)(i)
JAWAPAN BIOLOGY
(ii)
Any 4
Max 2
Total
1
1
2
12
4a)
Q : Mitochondria
R : Golgi body/apparatus
b)(i)
(ii)
1
1
c)(i)
(ii)
1
1
d)
1
1
Any 1
Total
3
12
270
(b)
Pain receptor
3 neurones 2 m
2 neurones - 1 m
c)
Max 4
d)
1
1
e)
1
1
f)
1. The nerve impulse will not be sent from afferent neurone to the
effector
2. The effector / muscles will not contract
3. The hand will not be removed immediately from the needle.
(Any one )
1
Total
Total Marks
1
12
60
JAWAPAN BIOLOGY
5(a)
271
Section B
6(a)
JAWAPAN BIOLOGY
b)
Pl- Tendons, ligaments, bones, muscles and joints are important features in a
movement,
P2- Tendons connect muscles to bones
P3- Tendons are strong and non elastic
P4- Force is transferred to bones through tendons.
P5- Movement at the joint is possible with the aid of ligaments.
P6- Ligaments connect two bones together
P7- to give support and strength to the joint.
P8- Ligaments are strong and elastic.
P9- The quadriceps / extensor muscles contract while the biceps
femoris muscles relax and the leg is straightened.
P10- The biceps femoris muscles contract while the quadriceps /
extensor muscles relax and the leg is bent.
P11- Calf muscles contract to lift up the heels.
P12- Feet push downward and backward
P13- Repeated contraction and relaxation of muscles result in the running movement.
Non-woody plants (herbaceous plants)
Example: Balsam plant/ any suitable answer
P1: (Support in herbaceous plants is) provided by the turgidity of the
parenchyma / collenchyma cells
P2: (When there is enough water in the ground). the cells take in water
by osmosis and become turgid.
P3: The turgor pressure of the fluids in the vacuoles pushes the cell
contents / plasma membrane against the cell wall
P4: creating support for it stem/ roots /leaves
P5: The thin thickening die cell walls with cellulose / collenchyma
cells gives support to herbaceous plants
Woody plants :
Example : Rambutan tree/ hibiscus/ any suitable example
P6: Woody plants have specialised tissues/sclerenchyma tissues/xylem vessels/
tracheids to give them support;
P7: These tissues have cellulose walls which have deposits of lignin for added strength.
P8: Sclerenchyma cells have very thick walls (which do not allow water to pass through).
P9: (These cells are dead cells and) their function is to provide support for the plant.
P10: Xylem vessels have thick walls of lignin which are deposited during the plants
secondary growth.
P11: The lignified xylem vessels form the woody tissues of the stem.
P12: This makes the plant stronger and also provides support for the plant.
P13: Tracheids are also dead cells with thick walls and very small diameters.
P14: They are found with the xylem vessels and together they support the plants.
MAX
= 10
marks
10
Any 4
1
Any 4
MAX
= 10
marks
Total
10
20
272
b)
F: Downss Syndrome
P1: due to the failure of the two homologous chromosome number 21
to separate normally
P2: during anaphase 1/meiosis 1
P3: produce a gamete with a pair of homologous chromosome number
21
P4: when above gamete fuse/fertilized with the normal gametes it
produces a zygote with a three chromosome number 21.
(F with any 3P)
Any 5
Any 3
Genetic factors
F1: Crossing over during prophase 1/meiosis 1
P1:occur between chromatid from a pair of homologous chromosomes
P2: the exchange of parts between chromatid results in new genetic combination.
P3: produced a large number of gametes with different genetic composition.
F2: independent assortment
P4:homologous part of chromosome are arranged randomly on metaphase plate/
during metaphase 1
P5: during anaphase 1, each homologous pair of chromosomes separate.
P6:resulting in an independent assortment of maternal and paternal
chromosomes into daughter cells
JAWAPAN BIOLOGY
(ii)
Max = 9
1
Total
10
20
273
JAWAPAN BIOLOGY
(ii)
(b)
Ways to minimise:
1. The use of technology to reduce pollution and destruction of nature,
Eg; the smoke chimney is raised and there is a filter to decrease
the release of pollutants to the atmosphere, catalytic filters, etc
2. Use alternative renewable sources of energy eg; wind, solar
3. Reforestation
4. Discourage open burning
5. Encourage planting of trees//Green the world campaign
6. Environmental education with emphasis on 4R concept: Reduce,
Recycle, Reuse and Renew.
1
1
1
1
1
1
Any 4
Any 10
Total
10
20
Negative/bad effects
1. Expose soil to soil erosion// loss of nutrients//loss of water
catchment area
2. Cause increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide
3. Deforestation causes the removal and thinning of the soil layer due
to exposure to wind and air.
4. The bottom of river is silted by eroded soil.
5. Landslide occurs as the top layer of soil crumbles.
6. Loss of habitats.
7. Loss of thousand species of flora and fauna due to the loss of
habitats.
Positive/good effects
1. Increases job opportunities among villagers.
2. Improves the infrastructure such as new roads.
3. Increases the economic level of the villagers by selling logs.
4. For building of houses for villagers
274
9a)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Any 6
P1: Drink scheme milk/low fat milk and eat a boiled egg to reduce the cream and fat
from her diet
P2: Replace sausage with an orange to increase her fruit fibre intake
Dinner:
P6: Drink clear soup to reduce the cholesterol
P7: Use tomato sauce with her pasta because it contains less fat and more fibers.
P8: Eat a slice of watermelon/any fruits to increase her intake of fiber to prevent
constipation
(c)
Genetic engineering
P1: Transfer the beneficial genes from one organism to another
organism.
P2: Obtain/produces genetic modified organism/transgenic organism
P3: crop yield/animal contain gene that able to enhance growth/
nutritional properties/resistance against disease.
Tissue Culture
P4: tissue/cell of parent plant are grown in culture medium.
P5: daughter plant is called clone.
P6: Produce many clone in a short time/produce large fruit/maintain
good characteristic of parent plant
1
1
1
1
1
1
Total
6
20
JAWAPAN BIOLOGY
Lunch:
P3: Drink fresh fruit juice because it has lower sugar content/more vitamins
P4: Eat steamed rice/steamed chicken to lower cholesterol intake
P5: Eat vegetable/salad to increase the amount of roughage
275
Mark Scheme
Able to record all 5 readings for the distance traveled by air bubble correctly
Sample answers
Fan speed
0
1
2
3
4
Able to record all 4 readings for the distance traveled by air bubble correctly
Able to record all 3 readings for the distance traveled by air bubble correctly
No response or incorrect response
No.
JAWAPAN BIOLOGY
1
(b)(i)
No.
1
(b)(ii)
Mark Scheme
Able to state two different observations correctly.
Sample answers
1.
At the fan speed of 0, the distance traveled by air bubble is 1.1 cm
2.
At the fan speed of 4, the distance traveled by air bubble is 9.0 cm
Score
2
1
0
Score
Able to state one observation correctly and one observation at idea level
Sample answer
1.
The distance traveled by air bubble changes / increases / decreases
2.
As the fan speed increases, the distance traveled by air bubble increases
Mark Scheme
Able to make two inferences correctly. (Sample answers)
1. At the fan speed of 0, the air movement is slow, thus the plant loses loses less water.
2. At the fan speed of 4, the air movement is high/fast, thus the plant loses a lot of water.
Score
3
Able to make one inferences correctly and one two inaccurate inferences (Sample answers)
1.
The short distance traveled by air bubble shows a low air movement.
2.
The long distance traveled by air bubble shows a high .
Able to state one inferences correctly and one two inferences at idea level (Sample answer)
1.
Transpiration occurs at the shoot
1.
Light intensity increases as distance from light source decreases.
276
Mark Scheme
Able to state all 3 variables and the 3 methods to handle the variable
Sample answers
Variable
Manipulated variable
Fan speed//air movement
Responding variable
Distance traveled by air bubble// Rate of
transpiration
Constant variable
Score
3
2
1
0
Mark Scheme
Score
Able to make a hypothesis relating the manipulated variable and the responding variable correctly.
3
Sample answer
The higher the air movement, the longer the distance traveled by the air bubble// The higher the
air movement, the higher the rate of transpiration// inversely
Able to make a hypothesis relating the manipulated variable and the responding variable incorrectly.
Sample answer
The rate of transpiration is affected by air movement.
Able to make a hypothesis relating the manipulated variable and the responding variable at idea level.
Sample answer
Air movement causes transpiration.
No.
Mark Scheme
1 (e)(i) Able to construct a table correctly according with following aspect.
1.
Able to state the 3 titles with units 1 mark
2.
Able to record all the data correctly 1 mark
3.
Able to calculate and record fan speed and rate of transpiration correctly 1 mark
Score
3
JAWAPAN BIOLOGY
No.
(c)
277
No.
Mark Scheme
Sample answer
Fan speed
Distance traveled by air bubble (cm)
0
1.1
1
2.2
2
4.0
3
6.5
4
9.0
Any two correct.
Any one correct
No response or incorrect response
No.
JAWAPAN BIOLOGY
1
(e)(ii)
Score
Transpiration rate (cm min-1)
0.22
0.44
0.80
1.30
1.80
Mark Scheme
Able to draw graph correctly according with following aspect.
2
1
0
Mark Scheme
Score
Able to interpret data and explain with the following aspect :
3
1. Able to state the relationship between rate of transpiration and air movement
2. Able to relate fan speed to air movement
3. Able to relate to rate of evaporation.
Sample answer
The higher the air movement, the higher the rate of transpiration. A higher fan speed means higher
air movement. At a higher air movement, the rate of evaporation is high. Hence the loss of water
from the plant is high.
Able to interpret data and with 2 aspects.
Able to interpret data and with 1 aspect.
No response or incorrect response
No.
1 (g)
Score
3
P : Correct title with unit on both horizontal and vertical axis 1 mark
T : All points plotted correctly 1 mark
B : Able to join all points to form a smooth graph 1 mark
Any two correct.
Any one correct
No response or incorrect response
No.
1 (f)
2
1
0
Mark Scheme
Able to define operationally rate of transpiration based on the result of the experiment.
1. Distance traveled by air bubble
2. At different fan speed
3. Factor affecting it.
Sample answer
The rate of transpiration is the distance traveled by an air bubble and is affected by different fan
speed which means different air movement.
Able to interpret data and with 2 aspects.
Able to interpret data and with 1 aspect.
No response or incorrect response
2
1
0
Score
3
2
1
0
278
No.
1(h)
Mark Scheme
Able to predict the outcome of the experiment correctly.
1. Correct prediction
2. Reason
3. Effect
Score
3
Sample answer
The rate of transpiration increases, that is the distance traveled by the air bubble is more than
1.1 cm and the rate of transpiration is more than 0.22 cm min-1 because there is an increase in
light intensity. A higher light intensity increases the rate of evaporation of water vapour that
accumulates at the stomata of the leaves. Hence more water is lost at a faster rate from the leaves.
No.
2
1
0
Mark Scheme
Able to classify all the factors that can affect the rate of transpiration into environment factors and
structural factors correctly.
Sample answer
Environment factors
Light intensity
Air humidity
Temperature
Able to classify 4 factors in the inaccurately.
Able to classify 3 factors at the idea level.
No response or incorrect response
Score
3
Structural factors
Number of stomata on the leaf
Distribution of stomata on the leaf
Size of leaf
2
1
0
JAWAPAN BIOLOGY
279
Aspect
Identifying
Problem
Statement
JAWAPAN BIOLOGY
Aspect
Objective
/Aim
Aspect
Variables
Aspect
Making
hypothesis
Criteria
Able to write a problem statement correctly base on 3 criteria:
Manipulated variables- (Volume of water intake)
Responding variables- (Volume of urine released)
Relationship.
Score
3
Sample Answer
1.
How does the volume of water intake affect the volume of urine released?
2.
What is the effect of volume of water intake on the volume of urine released?
2
1
Wrong or no response
Criteria
Able to state the objective of the experiment correctly
Sample Answer
To determine the effect of drinking different volume of water on
the volume of urine released.
Score
Criteria
Able to identify all the three variables correctly
Sample Answer
Manipulated variable : volume of water intake
Responding variable : volume of urine released
Fixed variable : same student/same environment/ time
Score
Criteria
Able to write a suitable hypothesis correctly base on the 3 criteria:
Manipulated variable
Responding variable
Relationship
Score
3
Sample Answer
1. The higher the volume of water intake, the higher the volume of urine released.
2. As the volume of water intake increases, the volume of urine released increases.
2
1
0
280
Criteria
Able to list all materials and apparatus needed to carry out the experiment successfully.
Aspect
Procedure
Criteria
Able to state the technique used in carrying out the experiment correctly
Sample Answer
Measure and record the volume of urine released (after a fixed hour of consuming water)
by using a measuring cylinder.
Criteria
Able to write all the steps in carrying out the experiment successfully.
K1 : Steps to set up the apparatus
K2 : Steps to handle the fixed variable
K3 : Steps to handle the manipulated variable
K4 : Steps to handle the responding variable
K5 : Precautionary steps / steps taken to get accurate results / readings
Scoring Rubric
All K1-K5 present
Any 3 4K present
Any 2K present
1K or wrong response
[] is given for any 1K present.
Score
4A + 2M
3
2A + 2M
2
1A + 2M
1
0
Score
B1 = 1
Score
3
2
1
0
JAWAPAN BIOLOGY
Aspect
281
JAWAPAN BIOLOGY
K1
1.
K3
K1
K1
K2
2.
3
4
5
K5
K2
K1
K1/
K5
K5
K5
K4
6
7
8
9
12
13
14
Procedure
A student (Sample A) is chosen and instructed to empty his bladder before the start of the
experiment
Measure 200ml of water and put it into the mug/cup/glass
A student (Sample A) is given 200ml of water to drink.
A stop watch is started immediately after consuming the water.
During the experiment, he is kept in (any fixed suitable room) within 2 hours (any suitable
time range).
He is instructed not to eat or perform any vigorous physical activities (within the given time).
After 2 hour, the stop watch is stopped and he is asked to empty his bladder.
The volume of urine collected is measured and recorded.
Steps 2 8 is repeated for different amount of water drank (400 ml, 600ml, 800ml,
1000ml)
The whole experiment is repeated using 2 different students to get a more accurate result.
Dispose the measured urine properly
Measure and record data collected into a table.
Graph of urine output against the water intake is plotted.
Aspect
Communicating data
Score
5K = 3 m
3-4K = 2 m
1-2K = 1 m
Criteria
Able to draw a complete table to record the relevant data base on the 3 criteria:
Volume of water intake
Volume of urine released
The units in ml or cm3
Score
B2
=1
Sample Answer
Volume of water
intake (ml)
200
400
600
800
1000
Student A
Average
Aspect
Criteria
Conclusion Able to write a suitable conclusion for the experiment:
Sample Answer
The higher the volume of water intake, the higher the volume of urine released. Hypothesis
is accepted.
Planning 7-9 ticks = 3m
experiment 4-6 ticks = 2m
1-3 ticks = 1m
Score