Ebraioi Thraki

&
:
,
.

:
19
2006
:
19

: 20 2007

...
19

ISBN

(. 5343/1932, 202, . 2)
1
19 .

1.1.
19
1.1.1.
19
1.1.2.
25
1.2.
33
1.2.1.
33
1.2.2.
38
2

2.1.
2.1.1. (1839-1912)
2.1.2.
2.2.
2.3.
2.4.
61
70
73
3
(1856-1912)
3.1. 19o .
3.2. (1900-1912)
3.3.
3.4.
79
86
91
94
47
47
54
4

4.1.
4.1.1. 19 .
4.1.2. (1900-1912)
4.1.3. (1913-1928)
4.1.4. (1929-1940)
4.2. T
4.2.1. 1912
4.2.2. 1940
4.3.
4.3.1. (1856-1920)
4.3.2. :
4.4.
4.4.1.
4.4.2.
4.4.3.
4.4.4.
105
105
115
121
130
141
141
149
155
155
159
171
171
176
178
182
5
(1856-1912)
5.1.
187
5.2.
194
5.3.
202
5.4.
208
216
5.5.
6

1912-1913
6.1.
221
6.2.
230
6.2.1. :

230
6.2.2. :

235
6.3.
242
7
:

7.1.
(1913-1915)
245
7.2. (1916-1918)
252
7.3.
(1913-1918)
259
7.4.
(1918)
264
7.5.
(1919)
269
7.6. :
(1919-1922)
276
7.7.
290
8

8.1. (1922-1932)
8.1.2.
8.1.3 (1925)
8.1.4.

8.1.5.

8.2. ,
(1929-1933)
8.3. 4
(1932-1941):
8.3.1. (1932-1935)
8.3.2. (1936-1941)
299
314
323
329
339
348
360
360
371
(, )
383
395
425

Archives du Ministre des Affaires trangres
Arch. de l AIU
Archives de l Alliance Isralite Universelle
Bulletin de l AIU
Bulletin de l Alliance Isralite Universelle
CADN
Centre des Archives Diplomatiques de Nantes
FO
Foreign Office
NARA
National Archives and Records Administration
p
opis
r.
roll
PRO
Public Record Office
USHMM
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
YVA
Yad Vashem Archives
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IAETE

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. Kuppernic Alliance Isralite
Universelle ,

. Cras,
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Yad Vashem
, Public Record Office , .
MacDowell
, . Mayer United
States Holocaust Memorial Museum .
.
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. Rodrique Fischer
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, . .
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,
2003, .
.
, ,

, ,
3
,
Samuel Rebecca Yohai.

. ,
, .
,
, ,
.
. ,
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,
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, ,
,
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, .
,

. ,

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,
18
19 . 13.
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,
,
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8
14. , , ,

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,
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. 18 .,

. 1750
,
16.
,
.
(1781), ,

(Toleranz Patent, 1782)17.
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.

(26 1789),
(29 1791)18.
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(1796)19.
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)20. (1806)
14
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, Elizabeth Mahler Schacter,
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17
Pauley, From Prejudice, .. . 17-18.
18
Benbassa, The Jews of France, .. . 82.
19
Hans Daalder, Dutch Jews in a Segmented Society, Birnbaum Katznelson (.), Paths of
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20
Segre, The Emancipation of Jews, .. . 215-216.
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1870 22.
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( 1851

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, (21 1867)

23.
1858 24.
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26.

.
,
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,
28. ,
,
21
Werner E. Mosse, From Schutzjuden to Deutsche Staatsbrger Jdischen Glaubens: The Long
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22
Katz, Jewish Emancipation, .. . 66.
23
Pauley, From Prejudice, .. . 21-22.
24

M.
C. N. Salbstein, The Emancipation of the Jews in Britain: the Question of the Admission of the Jews in
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25
Pauley, From Prejudice, .. . 78.
26
27
Benbassa, The Jews of France, .. . 81.
28
Antony Smith, National Identity, 1991, . 11.
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29.
,
30. 31.

.
32.

33. ,
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34. :
, ,
,
35.

, 36.
,
, 37.
,
29
Antony Smith, Nations and Nationalism in a Global Era, 1995, . 101.

David Brown, Contemporary Nationalism: Civic, Ethnocultural and Multicultural Politics,
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31
32
Pierre Birnbaum, The Jews of the Rebublic: A Political History of the State Jews in France from
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33
Katz, Jewish Emancipation, .. . 9.
34
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36
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11
38. ,
,
,
19 . ,
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.
40.
, ,
41. ,

42. ,
, ,
, ,
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. 5.200.000
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,
( ),
,
.

38
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of Emancipation, . 94-127.
39
David Sorkin, The impact of emancipation on German Jewry: a reconsideration, Frankel
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40
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( 7)46.
,
, (1829)47.
19 . , ,
,
48.

. ,
,
49. , ,
,
50.
,
51.
,
1453 16 .,
: (srgn)
44
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, . 5.
46
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45
13
()
,
15 .52.
,
53.
,
,

( )54.
,

, , 55.
, 16 .,
56.

, ,
57. ,
, ,
58.
,
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,
52
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53
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54
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56
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57
, ,
, , 2000 (
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58
, . 745.
59
, 18 , . , .
, . , . , . , 1996, . 221-227 Benbassa and
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14
, ,
60.

(1839-1876)

. ,
,

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Archiv de lAIU/Grce /269,

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19 20 .,
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1920 . , 1890-1913.

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63.
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64. , 19
20 .,
62
Rodrigue, French Jews, Turkish Jews, ...

, 1856-1919. , 2001, .
289.
64
, , :
., 2000 Mercado Covo, Aperu
Historique sur la communaute isralite de Serres, 1962 Aron Rodrigue, Jewish Society and
Schooling in a Thracian Town: The Alliance Isralite Universelle in Demotica, 1897-1924, Jewish
Social Studies, XLV (3-4 - 1983) 263-283.
63
18
65.
, ,
66.
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67.
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1923,
() () .
65
Bernard Pierron, , ,
2004 , .
. , , 2005.
66
George Mavrogordatos, Stillborn Rebublic, Social Coalitions and Party Strategies in Greece, 19221936, 1983 . , ,
(.), 20 . 1922-1940 , . 2, 2003, . 9-35.
67
,
: , 1992.
68
-, .
, , 52-53 (-
1994) 15-24 , - , ...
19
1o
19 .
1.1.
(1839-1912)
1.1.1.
(1839-1876),
,

1. , ,
1878,

. 20 .,

,
(1,1% 1878-1911)2.
19 .,
, ,
, (1.500 5%
Glhne (1839), ,
. , 1856,
1839,
.
1876 , . Benbassa and
Rodrigue, Sephardi Jewry, .. . 69-71.
2
1783 1913 ,
. (18811906), 20%
, . Kemal Karpat, Jewish Population Movements in
the Ottoman Empire, 1862-1914, Avigdor Levy (.), The Jews of the Ottoman Empire,
1994, . 399-421. .
Justin McCarthy, Jewish Population in the Late Ottoman Period, Avigdor Levy (.), The Jews
of the Ottoman Empire, 1994, . 379.
20
)3. 18 .
(1865), ,
,

4. 1870, ,

5.
, (1878),

6.
, 135
1878 , 7.
1877/78
, ( ), , . Kemal Karpat, Ottoman
Population 1830-1914. Demographic and Social Characteristics, 1985, . 118.
1880 1912,
(-), , , . PRO/FO/294/13,
, 31 1884
, , . , 2000, . 84.
. Arch. de lAIU/Grce/VIIB/28 Serrs/ Scaloni 1873-1878,
, 21
1874.
4
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/ID/3, ,
25 1904.
5
, Arch. de lAIU/Grce/VB/24 Danon 1893,
, 8 1893.
1877/78 , ,
- ( ) -, . Karpat, Ottoman Population
1830-1914, .. . 118. , 1878,
, (-) nhiye ()
(), CADN/Fond Salonique Consulat/Srie B/Carton 11,
, 10
1878. 1881/82-1893
, Karpat, Ottoman Population 1830-1914, .. . 136. 20
. , , , , , .
, , .. . , 2000, . 84.
6
1870, ()
.
, .
, , 1976, . 146-147. 1879
, CADN/Fond Salonique
Consulat/Srie B/Carton 11, , 18
1879. 1884
1890 1912, . ,
, .. . 147 , , .. . , 1998, . 140-141.
7
CADN/Fond Salonique Consulat/Srie B/Carton 11, , 10
1878.
21
, ,

. ,
, ,

(1877-1878)8.
, , 130 650 1884
0,27% (.
3)9. ,
,
1868 20 .10.
, 19 .,

.
, ,
11.

()
1877/78 , Karpat, Ottoman

Population 1830-1914, .. . 118. ,
1879 , , ,
, CADN/Fond Salonique Consulat/Srie B/Carton 11,
, 18 1879. 1902
, . ,
, .. . , 1998, . 140-141. 1905,
, , .
, 1999, . 203. 1884, . Arch. de
lAIU/Bulgarie/XXVE/Gumuldjina 240/Barishac Ecoles 1901-1904,
, 28 1901.
9
Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IB/6 Comites locaux et communautes, Gumuldjina 1884-1914,
, 27 1884.
10
(1858) : (. )
35, , . ,
19
, 1980, . 185. 1868
, . ,
1942. 1/3
, Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IE/11bis. Albert Agi,
Communaut Isralite 1922-1926, A,
14 1924 . Rodrigue, Jewish Society, .. . 268.
11

(1850-1880), . , ,
, , , ,
1992, . 35.
22
(1872) ,
1877-1878, 12. ,
,
, (1878),
,

13.
1880-1912,
, ,

. 1880,
. 0,27% 1883
(. 2),
.

( 19 .)14.
1880 ,
, ,
1.200 (1901),
, , ,
(5% )15. ,
, 2%
12

, , ,
. Kurt Grunwald, Europes Railways and Jewish Enterprise. German Jews as Pioneers of Railway
Promotion, Year Book, XII (1967) 163-209. , .
- , .
, 1997, . 172-174.
13
H 3.000
, 2 1878.
, . Basil Gounaris, Steam over Macedonia (1870-1912),
1993, . 132,194. , CADN/Fond Salonique
Consulat/Srie B/Carton 11, , 18 1879.
14

Commercial Company
(1900), . ,
, , 8-9 (1997) 131.
15
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/ID/3, , 15 1901.
23
1900
16

,
17.

(
2)18.
(1892)19. ,

,
20.
, ,
. ,
,
, 21.
16
, PRO/FO/195/1324,

, 8 1880.
17
, , 1939, . 110.
18
, Arch. de lAIU/Grce/XXIE/268 Jacob Azaria
1883-1886, , 1 1883.
()
(38 1902), . , , .. . , 2000, .
84-85 Covo, Aperu Historique, .. . 24.
19
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/VB/24 Danon 1893, , 8 1893.

1891-1892, . Selim Deringil, Jewish Immigration to the Ottoman Empire at the
Time of the First Zionist Congresses: A Comment, Minna Rosen (.), The Last Ottoman
Century and Beyond: The Jews in Turkey and the Balkans 1808-1945, 2002, . 143.
20
, . - , , .. .
244. 1315 [1897], 21.607 , .
, ,
19 .- 20 ., . , . , . , . (.), -
, ( 17-20
1996), 2000, . 297. , , 28.000
( 9,3%), . V. Kanov, Makedonija Ethnografija statistika, 1900,
. 176 , ,
, . . , , 1988, . 1.
1.200 1902-1903, //45/2, Statistique de la population presente du
Vilayet de Salonique publie dans l Annuarie du Vilayet de 1320/1902 //45/2,
Statistique de la population presente du Vilayet de Salonique (extraite de la varification fait en
Janvier 1903).
21
, 9,5%
(6.000 , 3.500 1.000 maximum ), Arch.
de lAIU/Bulgarie/IB/ 6 Gumuldjina 1884-1914,
24
,
, , , ,
188722. ,
39 180 (1898),
23. ,
(850 7%-8%
1898), , ,
,
,
24.
, 1899.
.
22
1881/82-1893,
. Karpat, Ottoman Population 1830-1914, .. . 124. 20 .
, , . ,
, .. . , 1998, . 140-141.
23
Arch. de lAIU/Turquie/XCIVE/Ddagatch 1898-1906,
, 3 1898, . Alexandra Yerolympos,
New Data Relating to the spatial Organisation of the Jewish Communities in the European Provinces
of the Ottoman Empire (19th c.), Ioannis Hasiotis (.), The Jewish Communities of
Southeastern Europe from the fifteenth century to the end of World War II,
( 30 3 1992), 1997, . 628-629.
24
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IE/14 Joseph Barishac 1890-1901, , 21
1898.
25
1.1.2.
20 . (1912-1913),
,

25.
, , 1.800
1905 (7,5% )26.
27, 2.300 2.500 (. 2)28.
7,5% 10% ,
.
1900, 3%
1,5% ,
29.
20-30% 30,

(. 2)30.
,
. ,
.
25
. . , , 1914, . 50.
Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/3a Bassat 1905-1909,
, 7 1905.
27
Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IIE/5a Melle Carmona 1907-1909,
, 7 1906.
28
,
, 1919, . 12 Bulletin de L AIU, . 73/ . 36 (1911) 109.
.
29
, . , , .. . , 2000, . 473.
, . , . , 1998, . 528.
, , ,
. . Arch. de lAIU/Grce/XXIE/275
Dollmann 1904-1906, , 6
1906.
30
,
19 ., , Arch. de lAIU/Grce/ID/3, ,
25 1904. 1900,
, 26.575 ,
/1905/72/ -, - , .
26
26

( 1)31.
1
( 1905)
(1)
(2)
(3)
120 (32,44%)
1.050 (57,70%)
148 (63,25%)
250 (67,56%)
770 (42,30%)
86 (36,75%)
370
1.820
234
: 1. , , .. . , 2000, . 473, 2.
1906/... ,
, 24 1906. , ,
1.048 718 , . , -
, .. . 129, 3. , , .. . , 1998, . 528.
, ,

190532.
25 (. 3),
, (1.200
1910)33. ,
( 1900)34,
35.
: 4,5%
1906 (. 3)36. ,
,
8,5% .
31
Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IIE/5a Melle Carmona, , 7 1906.

,
20 1905,
, . , , .. . ,
1999, . 124-128.
33
Bulletin de L AIU, . 72/N. 35 (1910) 233.
34
, , .. . , 1999, . 211.
35
, -.
, , 75-76 ( 2001) 71.
36
, , .. . , 1999, . 313.
32
27
(),
-,
(1910)
37.
, 190638.
50%

, (
)
39.
37
- , -Corporate Securities, 1870-1940, 2001, . 48. 1906 3.747 ,

, , .. . , 1999, . 314. Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IE/16
Isaac Behar 1909-1910, , 27
1910.
38
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IC/10 Zcharia 1913, Prise de Dmotica par les Bulgares,
, 17 1913.
20 1906 , . , , .. . ,
1999, . 313.
39
----, , .. . 33-37.
28
2
1883 1905
/
1883
447.904
1883
143.860
1883
78.806
/
1905
419.604
1905
68.168
1905
124.850
227.237
70.459
14.334
263.881
46.018
32.178
222.684
123.437
3.440
155.710
69.034
4.195
37.206
1.112
270
52.395
1.420
2.176
4.813
1.013
132
29.769
6.006
1.920
989.844
339.881
96.982
921.359
190.646
165.319
: Karpat, Ottoman Population 1830-1914, .. . 136-137 166-167.

.
/
1883
/
1883
/
1883
1883
/
1905
/
1905
1905
434.366
117.208
28.532
182.062
618.604
153.893
43.735
239.870
267.220
77.830
23.827
13.854
340.908
103.258
27.573
21.545
102.245
30.921
12.449
19.427
119.476
28.614
16.923
28.614
13.717
8.918
35
604
23.839
15.534
326
1.290
18.493
4.196
357
562
30.969
7.147
476
801
836.041
239.073
65.200
216.509
1.133.796
308.446
89.033
292.120
/
1905
3
1883 1905
: Karpat, Ottoman Population 1830-1914, .. . 124-125 166-167.

.
29
4
1874-1912
, 1874 (1)
1.500
350
, 1880
(2)
75
15
, 1880 (3)
A, 1883 (4)
300
100
20
1-1,5
4,5
, 1894 (5)
, 1897 (6)
250
1.100
300
2-2,5
, 1897 (7)
750
150
1.2001.300
250
, 1905 (12)
1.800
470
7,5
Bulletin de L AIU, 1911 (13)
2.500
8,5
2.300
7,5
M, 1901 (8)
150-200
1.000
3,5
, 1905
(10,11)
1.300
. . , .1912
(14)
370
500
30-40
3,5
30
:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/VIIB/28 Serrs/Scaloni 1873-1878, , 21 1874.

PRO/FO/195/1324, , 8 1880.
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/XXIE/268 Jacob Azaria 1883-1886, , 1 1883.
Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/1 Comit Local et scolaire 1904-1909, , 4 1904.
Mercado Covo, Lettre de Turquie, L Univers Isralite, 35 (21 1897) 281-282.
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IB/5 Nahmias Nathan 1892-1897, , 25 1897.
/1905/72/ -, - , .
, , .. . , 2000, . 473.
Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/3a Bassat 1905-1909, , 7 1905.
, , .. . 12.
31
5

1884-1912
, 1884 (1)
.
650
130
.
%
, 1892 (2)
485
850
900
8,5
930
960
8,5
900
N, 1898 (3)
180
39
, 1898 (4)
, 1899 (5)
1.000
, 1905 (8)
75
, 1906 (9)
234
15
9,5
0,5
1,5
, 1906 (10)
230

1.200
A, 1910 (13)
1.000
4,5
32
:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IB/6 Gumuldjina 1884-1914, , 27 1884.

, , 1 (1978) 17-19.
Arch. de lAIU/Turquie/XCIVE/Ddagatch 1898-1906, , 3 1898.
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IE/ 14 Joseph Barishac 1890-1901, , 21 1898.
Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IB/ 6 Gumuldjina 1884-1914, , 1899.
Bulletin de L AIU, . 64 / N. 27 (1902) 144.
, , .. . , 1998, . 482.
, . 528-529.
, . , 1999, . 313.
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IE/12 . Atti 1910-1912, A, 21 1910.
33
1.2. (1912-1940)
1.2.1.

(1912-1922)
.

, , ,
40.
,
41.
,
, 28 /10
1913, 20%
, 42.
,
30%,
43. ,
,
40
CADN/Fond Salonique Consulat/Srie B/Carton 12, Agence Consulaire Cavalla

1910-1919, , 6
1912.
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IC/10 Zcharia 1913, , 17
1913.
, . ,
La Situation Isralite dans les Balkans , Archives Isralites, . 74/N 4 (10/23 1913) 2728.
41
Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IB/ 6. Gumuldjina 1884-1914,
, 19 1912.
42
, .
1912-1913, 1914, . 194.
, , Arch. de
lAIU/Grce/XXIE/282 Semach 1913,
, 8 1913. , .
, 19 ,
, , 1999, . 22.
43
, . ,
, .. . 4 ,
, 1913,
1915, . 44. , Arch. de lAIU/Grce/XXIE/
279b Elizer Mitrani 1918-1932,
,
30 1918.
34

44.
, 1915,
(500 ),
45.
( 1916),
,

.
1916-1917
(4,3% )46. ,

, 1.000 1918 (43,5%
)47.
, 1/3
48. ,

44
George F. Kennan, The Other Balkan Wars. A 1913 Carnegie Endowment Inquiry in Retrospect with
a New Introduction and Reflections on the Present Conflicts, 1993, . 205 / 194/ 2-01 21-31,
(1929), . , . 4629 -/ 194/ 2-01 32-49,
(1930), . 2, . 16957, 17281.
1912
, , 9/22 1913, .
. 176 (2086).
45
CZA/L6/411, , 27
1915. , , 4/17 1915, . . 1314.
46
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IE/4 Benjamin Bidjerano 1919,
, 2 1919.
47
, . Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IE/4 Benjamin
Bidjerano 1919, , 2 1919.
12.000 , . ,
,
. ( 18-22 1994), . . , 1998,
. 2, . 650. , . ,
, .. . 23. , .
//1918/1,
, .
48
,
1916, Arch. de lAIU/Grce XXIE/279b Elizer Mitrani 19181932, , 1 1919. , .
Elizer Mitrani, Les Juifs en Macedoine. La collective Isralite de Serrs, . Progrs,
, 13 1932. 50%
1912, /. /1921/. . 244, ,
18-19 1920, , ,
, , , . 279.
35
49.
, 1918,
50.
,
(10 1913) ,

(1920)51.

,
,
52. ( 1915) ,
,

53.
1914 (986 2,1%
)
1920

54.
(1920),

1929.
,

49
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/XXIE/279b Elizer Mitrani 1918-1932, , 3

1919.
50
1918.
51
1913. , , 31 /13 1915, . . 242
(2768), , 5 1915, . . 543.
52
-, , 1986,
. 33-35.
53
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IIE/29 Zcharia Menachem 1912-1914, , 3
1914.
54
1914, . Karpat, Ottoman Population 1830-1914, .. . 170.
,
280 , 1.292 , 165
878 , / /2/1,
, 30 /12 1920.
36
192355.
,

191756.
(, ) ()
(1919-1922)57. ,
,
. 1925,
,
( 6 7)58.
1919, 59.
,

,
(1923)
60. ,

61. ,
, , 6%
55
1923, . , ,
, 11 (1933) 28 , 7 1924, . . 176
, 4 1924, . . 302.
56
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/VIIB/32 Xanthie,
, 8 1925. ,
1920,
1917, . Rena Molho, Jewish Working Class Neighborhoods
Established in Salonika Following the 1890 and 1917 Fires Minna Rosen (.), The Last
Ottoman Century and Beyond: The Jews in Turkey and the Balkans 1808-1945, 2002, . 190.
1917, . , . , 1917. La Chronique du
Grand Incendie. Thessalonique, aot 1917, 2002.
57
-/ 194/ 2-01 32-49, . , . 2750, 2758.

1920-1922 , CAHJP/COM/23.
58
, (19121930), , , 1996, . 227, 3.
59
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IIB/12 Drama, ,
17 1919.
60
, . , , .. . 227, 3.
, . , , .. . , 1998, . 546.
61
, , .. . 227, 3.
37

(1924). , ,

62. .
1928,
( 7).
,
13 4
,
( )63.
, ,
92 192564.
62
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IE/11bis Albert Agi, Communaut Isralite 1922-1926, ,

29 1924.
63
, 60
1923, //. 68,
,
12 1925.
64
, . 1921, 29 2006.
21 7 , //. 68,
, 5
1925.
(1925), . ,
, .. . 227, 3.
38
1.2.2.

,
, 1924-1926,

65.
1926-1927,
1928, ,
,
66.
. . 1925 (1)
1.085
1928 (2)
530
28
13
12
694
()
6
(1925-1928)
2.534
3 2.135
22
: 1 , , .. . 227, . 3.
, 2 / /
,
15-16 1928, 1935, . , . 6.
65
1923
1924, 1924, , 11
1924, . . 307. , ,
1926, . ,
, 1941, . 366.
66
, . ,
,
, , 1927-1928, 1928, . 59 ,
1927, 1928, . 32.
1928, . , 1928, .. .
V, . .
39
7
(1925-1928)
. . 1925 (1)
1.221
33
801
145
22
957
56
1928 (2)
1.159
49
725
181
37
684
139
: 1. , , .. . 227, . 3, 2.
, 1928, .. ., . 6.
1929

. ,

193267.

149268. (,
), 69.
,
1924-1931, 70.
, ,

67
, . , .
1931, , [1932;] , .
1932, , [1933;]. ,
//1932/1,
, 2 1932.
68
//1933/1, ,
20 1933.
69
-/ 194/ 2-01 32-49, . 2, . 16909.
70
Elizer Mitrani, Les Juifs en Macedoine. La collective Isralite de Serrs, . Progrs, 13
1932. 1926,
60 , CZA/KKL5/420,
Rapport du Dr. Sussmann sur la situation en Grce, 21 1926.
40
, ,
71.
,

1930.
,
, .

, 19341935, , ,
, , 72.

,
,
73.

, 1928 1940, , , 15,20%
( 8).
26,43% 24,89% .
,
74. ,
71

1932.
72
, . 1912, 16
2004. , 1934-35
11 4 , CAHJP/COM/23,
, 3 1940. . ,
, ,
, 1999, . 213. , Arch. de
lAIU/Grce/IIB/11 Communaut 1933-1939,
, 29 1935.
73
CAHJP/COM/45, , 20
1935. //1935/1,
. , 1 1935.
World Jewry
.
1930, . - ,
1920-1941.
74
2.432
(1938)
, // .
41
. ,
()
.
1940,

,
75.
, , ,

.
8

(1928 1940)
*
1928 (1)
583
0,32
697
0,62
2.165
1,82
1.933
1,07
1.041 0,85 6.419
1940 (2)
533
0,22
780
0,53
1.593
1,15
1.452
0,70
1.085 0,70 5.443
- 50
+ 83
- 572
- 481
+ 44
-976
* .
: 1. , 1928, .. . ,
. 5, 2. -/ 215/ 53.01/98, . 1940.
/1, , 20
1938.
75
, . 1920, 7 1998
, . 1912, 16 2004
, , 1988, . 8 Frederic Kakis, Legacy of courage. A
Holocaust Survival Story in Greece, 2003, . 8.
42
9
(1913-1940)
, 1914 (1)
, 1916 (2)
1.500
, 1919 (3)
, 1920 (4)
350-400
70-80
628
123
600
1.250
400
/, 1926 (7)
2.300
5,5
2.200
60
529
1,8
150
800
2,8
672
500
2.135
, 1929 (10)
, 1931 (11)
725
160
, 1938 (13)
2.432
. , (14)
918
600
4,2
574
550
550
2,5
1932 (12)
Plaut, 1940 (15)
2,8
, 1926 (8)
1928 (9)
2,5-2,8
, 1923 (5)
, 1924 (6)
1,8
1.200
228
2.000
2.100
4,2
43
:
1. //45/12 ,
, 24 /9 1914, . 44-47
2. Elisabeth Kontogiorgi, The Rural Settlement of Greek Refugees in Macedonia: 1923-1930, PhD Thesis, St. Antonys College, Michaelmas Term 1996, .
2.2.
3.Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IIB/12 Drama, , 17 1919
4. Elizer Mitrani, Les Juifs en Macedoine, ..
5. CAHJP/CAV/4, , 1923.
6. Arch. de lAIU/Grce/XXIE/279b Elizer Mitrani 1918-1932, , 17 1932
7. CZA/KKL5/420, Rapport du Dr. Sussmann sur la situation en Grce, 21 1926.
8. , , .. . 59
9. , , .. . , . 7
10. CAHJP/CAV/8, Progrs, 7 1931
11. Mitrani, Les Juifs en Macedoine, ..
12. CAHJP/CAV/8, , 30 1932
13. // . /1, , 20 1938
14. USHMM/RG 46009M/Fond 1/op. 1/ folder 13, ( )
1941, 1941.
15. Joshua Eli Plaut, Greek Jewry in the Twentieth Century, 1913-1983. Patterns of Jewish Survival in the Greek Provinces before and after the Holocaust,
2000, . 68.
44
10
(1913-1940)
950
,1913 (1)
85
(2), 1920
140
1.112
160
950
150
9,5
1.000
150
10
1.148
3,5
1.083
3,5
. World Jewry, 1935

(12)
(13)
. ,
1941 (14)
Plaut, 1940 (15)
176
1,2
120
0,8
147
651
7,5
768
186
900
11,5
197
2,3
,1934-1936 (11)
, 1939
2,8
2
160
, 1930 (10)
92
8,5
, 1925 (8)
718
3,5
A (7), 1924
1928 (9)
2,8
.. (5), 1923
, 1924 (6),
1,5
A (3), 1920
(4), 1922
550
955
2,9
550
700
2,2
550
819
2,5
20
140
0,5
1
45
:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IIE/29 Zcharia Menachem 1912-1914, , 18 1913

//1922/1, , 5/18 1922
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IE/11 Albert Agi, Communaut Isralite 1920-1921, , 10 1920
//1922/1, , 5/18 1922
, , .. . , 1998, . 537
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/VIIB/32 Xanthie, , 23 1924
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IE/11bis Albert Agi, Communaut Isralite 1922-1926, A, 29 1924
//. 68, , 5
1925
,, 1928, .. . , 7
CAHJP/XAN/5, , 16 1930.
, 1934-1936, ..
//1935/1, , 1 1935
CAHJP/COM/23, , 26
1939.
USHMM/RG 46009M/Fond 1/op.1/folder 13, B ( )
1941, 1941
Plaut, Greek Jewry in the Twentieth Century, .. . 68.
46
,
,
, 1880-1912
1920.
,
(), .
,
19 . 20 .
,
( 2 3).
,
,
. ,

(, )
.

, .
(, ,
), (,
) (, , ).
19 .
20 ,
,
. , ,

(, , ).

, ,

().
47
2

2.1.
2.1.1. (1839-1912)

, 18 19 .,

.
. ,
,
, , ( kehilla),
1.

, , 2.

3.
(1839-1876),
(1864)
, ,
4.
,

. 19 .,

,
1
-, , . 16.
- , , .. . 87.
3
-,
: 1870-1920, ,
( 3 4 1998), 1999, . 175.
4
- , , .. . 258.
2
48
5.

.

6.
( 14 .),

7. , ,

, 15 16 .,
,
, .

( )
16 8. ,
,
,
( , )
,
9. , ,
. 89.
Joshua Starr, The Jews in the Byzantine Empire, 641-1204, 1939 Steven Bowman, The Jews
of Byzantium 1204-1453, The University of Alabama Press 1985 ,
: , , 10 (2004)
85-100 Mark A. Epstein, The Ottoman Jewish Communities and Their Role in the Fifteenth and
Sixteenth Centuries, 1980 Aryeh Shmuelevitz, The Jews of the Ottoman Empire in the
late fifteenth and the sixteenth centuries, 1984.
7
. , ,
1964, . 32 Paolo Odorico,
, . (.),
, ( 29 -3 1993), . , 1998, .
633-648.
8
1530-1531
, . Evangelia Balta, Les Vakifs de Serrs et de sa Rgion (XVe et XVIe s.),
1995, . 268.
9
. , , -
, 1991, . 78 ,
6
49
17 ., ,
10.

11.
( 16 .)
12.
19 .,
, ,
,
13.
1825-1865
,
14. , 1870,
, ,

() ,
15.
,
.
, ,
, , 5 (1969) 257-266. , . ,
, .. . 26.
10
, [
], , 1993, . 49-52 .
, , , 7 (1987/90) 190.
11
, , , .. . 44.
, . , , .. . 53
, , .. . 186.
12
, - , .. . 283.
13
18 - 19 ., . Covo, Aperu Historique, .. .
12. ,
, Archiv de l AIU/Grce XXI E/269, , 29
1928. 1806, . William
Leake, Travels in Northern Greece, vol. III, London 1835, . 207 , ,
, 2 (1957) 136-138.
14
1913 , -/ 189/ .
24 . .
15
Archiv de l AIU/Grce VIIB 28, , 21 1874 Archiv de l
AIU/Grce ID 3, , 25 1904.
Dogharb[e]y mahalessi , .
Covo, Aperu Historique, .. . 12, -, . 12 / .. 4925.
1478-1479, . Balta, Les Vakifs de Serrs, .. . 258.
50

( 1)16.
, ,
( )

17. ghetto volontaire (1901),
,

18. 19 .,
, ,
Narl Kchk bahce
( ), 19.
,
,

19 20.
1870,
( )21.
20 .,
.

16

, . , , ... ,

15 . ( ),
1495, . ,
, , 170 (- 2000) 12.
20 .,
, . ,
, , 4 ( 1963) 83.
, cortijos, . , ,
, .. . 768.
17
, . 1928, 8
2001. ,
, . , , .. . 218.
18
Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/XXXVE/240 Gumuldjina Barishac Ecoles 1901-1904,
, 28 1901.
19
-, . / .. 36 ,
1920-1941.
20
Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/XXXVE/240. Gumuldjina, Barishac Ecoles 1901-1904,
, 28 1901. ,
, , 2002, . 117.
21
-, . / .. 478.
51
.

( 2)22.
, 17 .,
, 19 ,
( )23.

,
1858 1888 .
,
(1897)
[ 3] 24.
, 1880,

,
()25.
(1883/84)
,
, 26.

22
Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/XXXVE/240. Gumuldjina, Barishac Ecoles 1901-1904,

, 28 1901.
23
, , 1954, . 10-12, ,
, ,
, 18 (1953) 7. ,
, . , , ,
37 (1963) 68. ,
,
, , , .. . 10.
24
1858,
, . , , .. . 186.
1888 . Arch. de lAIU/Grce//14 Joseph Barishac 1890-1901,
, 21 1898 Arch. de lAIU/Grce//14 Joseph Barishac
1890-1901, , 17 1897.
25
, 1885, 100
. ,
, , .. . 109.
26
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/ID/3, , 15 1901 /. ,,.
52

.
20 ., 40% ,
1905,
(),
27. , 20 . (19001910),

,
. , 1910
.
,
, ,
1890 (1910-1912)
[ 4]28.
,
. ,
, ,
.
Kehilla Yashan
( )
,
( 5)29.
,
, ,
. ( )
20 .30. , 1912,

- (
27
, - , .. . 291.
100
, -/. -.
29
, , .. . 37. , .
- , 1923.
30
, , .. . , 1998, . 528.
28
53
).
31.
, ,

,
. 19 20 .,
, ,
,
.
,
( ),
.
,
, ,
,
. ,

. , ,
,
.

,
.
, , , ,

,
,
.
,
,
.
31
, , .. . 235.
54
2.1.2.
(1913)
(1920),

32. ,

33.

, ,
1920.
(1913),
60%

34.
35.
, ,

2517/1920
.

36. 455/1914

, 1920
(
32
-, , (.),
20 , . 1, , . 243.
33
-, :
, (.), 20 ., .
1, 2002, . 103.
34
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/XXIE/282 Semach 1913, , 8 1913.
35
Arch. de lAIU/Grce//279 Mitrani 1918-1932, , 30
1918.
36
4 2517
, ,

,
, /1920/. / . . 231/ 9 1920.
55
)37. 1394/1918,
,
,
( 6)38.
(1912-1922)

. (1915-1916),

,
- , , 39.

(1919-1922),
, ,
(
)40.
, ,
, , (1925)41.

(1923),

42.
37
/1914/. /.. 372/ 11 1914, 11-13.

, . .
-, . , . , . , . ,
1912, ,
. ( 26-28 1984
29-30 1984), . , 1985, . 406.
38
, , .. . 124.
39
-, . . , . , -
, .. . 285-289.
40
, , .. . 39.
41
, . 44.
42
(30 1923)
. 1925,

, . ,
, 1927, . 43-44 ,
, 1990, . 301. ,
(),
, . Panayotis Tsolakis, The Residential Organisation of the Jews in
Kastoria, Ioannis Hasiotis, The Jewish Communities of Southeastern Europe from the fifteenth
56

43. ,
1927-1928
, (.
). ,
44. , (
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VIIB 32 Xanthie, , 8 1925.
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65
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67
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, 7 I 1906.
1913, Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/3c Bassat 1912-1913, , 15
1913. , Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IIC 53-54,
, K 17 5679 (8/21
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70
, , , .. . 73-75.
71
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1897 [Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IB/5. Nathan Nahmias 18921897, , 25 1897]. 1907 1911,
[Arch. de l AIU/ Bulgarie/IE/3a,
, 6 1907 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IB/ 5. Cavalla,
, 15 1911].
1916 [Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/3d Bassat 1914-1916,
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, 15 1902.
(1905), , Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IIE/ 23. M. Franco 19031905, , 12 1905. ,
,
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73
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74
, Arch. de lAIU/Grce/XXIE/277 Benjamin Hakim 1907-1911,
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, -/ 229/ 2.01, .
. 12179. , CAHJP/XAN/6, ,
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75
,
, Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IB/6 Gumuldjina 1884-1914,
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, Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IB/6 Gumuldjina 1884-1914,
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84
, 28 1901.
85
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, Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/ 3a Bassat 1905-1909, ,
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, Arch. de
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88
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, , .. . 93.
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109
Arch. de lAIU/Grce//14 Joseph Barishac 1890-1901, , 21
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110
CAHJP/CAV/9,
, 16 1935.
111
CAHJP/XAN/4, .. , 26 1922
CAHJP/XAN/7, .. , 29 1937.
112
CAHJP/COM/23, , 3
1940.
113
, , .. . 102.
114
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115
, , .. 11.
116
Na[h]ar Isral (
), , Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/1.Comit Local
et scolaire 1904-1909, , 4 1904.
108
75

20 .. - ( )
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)
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, Ahavat Rhim ( ) 1906

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, Ahavat Rhim
119.
,

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19 .,
,
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, (La Sociedad de Damas)

( 19 .)120.
, 1901
121.
,
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117
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/XXIE/275 Dollmann 1904-1906, , 29

1904 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/1 Comit Local et scolaire 1904-1909, ,
4 1904 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/ 3a Bassat 1905-1909, , 7
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1904 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/3a Bassat 1905-1909, , 7
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76
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1940123.
124.

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(. 1913). 1914
, ,

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125.
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, , 126.

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Cercle des Intimes ( ) [1910]
.
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,
122
CAHJP/CAV/14,
, 20 1922.
123
CAHJP/COM/23, , 3
1940.
124
CAHJP/COM/23,
, 8 1940.
125
Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/3d Bassat 1914-1916, , 6 1914.
126
CAHJP/CAV/9,
, 16 1935.
77
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127
Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/3b. Bassat 1910-1911, , 3 1911.

Arch. de lAIU/Grce/XXIE/277 Hakim 1907-1911, , 14 1910.
129
, Arch. de l AIU/ Bulgarie/IE/3b, , 31
1911 Arch. de l AIU/ Grce/IB/5, , 6 1912.
128
79
3o
(1856-1912)
3.1. 19o .
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3.

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. 19, . Robertson, The Jewish Question, .. . 13,
, . Benbassa, The Jews of France, .. . 29.
2

, . Rodrigue, French Jews, Turkish Jews,
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3
, , .. , . 1472-1481 Avram Galante,
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80
. , Alliance Isralite Universelle
(1860) ,
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(1862), 4.
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5.
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1863
1873
6. 1865
1867
7.

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6
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7
Rodrigue, French Jews, urkish Jews, .. . 50 , , ..
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5
81
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1/3 (93 )

19 ., . ,
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9
10
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/VIIB/28 Serrs/Faraggi Moise Josef 1873-1884,
, 21 1869.

, .
Rodrigue, French Jews, urkish Jews, .. . 49.
11
12
13
14
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/VIIB/28 Serrs/Faraggi Moise Josef 1873-1884, ,
21 1869.
, . ,
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82
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To
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15
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/VIIB/28 Serrs/Faraggi Moise Josef 1873-1884, ,

16 1883.
16
1890 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IB/6 Gumuldjina 1884-1914, ,
1899.
17
Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/XXXVE/240 Gumuldjina, Barishac Ecoles 1901-1904,
, 28 1901 Arch. de lAIU/Grce//14 Joseph Barishac 1890-1901,
, 21 1898.
18
, 14 1904.
19
1865
, . Rodrigue, French Jews, urkish Jews, .. . 50.
, Arch. de lAIU/Grce//14
Joseph Barishac 1890-1901, , 15 1897.
20
1904.
1885, IAYE/1894/...,
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83
188921. ,
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,
22.
19 .,
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(1897),
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24.
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(1896-1901)25.
1897
26. ,
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1/3
28.
1900
21
Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IB/6 Gumuldjina 1884-1914, ,

1899.
22
Arch. de lAIU/Grce /14 Joseph Barishac 1890-1901, , 1
1890.
23
Arch. de lAIU/Grce// 5 Nahmias Nathan 1892-1897, , 25
1897.
24
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/VIIB/ 28 Serrs, , 22
1896.
25
Arch. de lAIU/Grce//274 Mercado Covo 1897-1907,
, 30 1901.
26
Rodrigue, Jewish Society, .. . 269.
27
Arch. de lAIU/Grce//14. Joseph Barishac 1890-1901, , 17
1897.
28
, 3 1898.
84
3.000 . 29.

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30. ,

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(1880-1900),
,

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32.

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19 .,
29
1900
Arch.
de
lAIU/Turquie/XCIVE/Ddagatch 1898-1906, , 18
1900.
30

,

, Arch. de lAIU/Turquie/XCIVE/Ddagatch 1898-1906,
, 29 1898.
1.000.000 . ( 1873)
, . Rodrigue, French Jews, urkish Jews,
.. . 55.
31
, 14 1904.
32
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1980, . 78.
85
,
,
86
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19 . 20 .,
.
,
:
,
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(1884)34, (1897)35,
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( 20 .)37, (1904)38,
(1910)39
33
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/XXIE/277 Benjamin Hakim 1907-1911, , 26

1907, Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IB/6 Gumuldjina 1884-1914, ,
12 1907.
34
Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IB/6 Gumuldjina 1884-1914, , 27
1884.
35
Arch. de lAIU/Grce// 5 Nahmias Nathan 1892-1897, , 25
1897.

, Arch. de lAIU/Grce//5 Nahmias Nathan 1892-1897,
, 28 1892.
36
1897.
37
Arch. de lAIU/Grce//17 M.G. Covo 1901-1902, ,
1901.
38
1904.
39
Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/3b Bassat 1910-1911, , 4 1910.
87
(1924)40

(. 2)41.
,
.
,
.
, 19 . 20 .,

(
1.200 3.000 )42.

.

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, Ecole Normale Isralite Orientale,
,
43.
,
1901,
(1904) 44.
(1905),
45.
20 .,
,
(1910),
40
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IE/11bis Albert Agi, Communaut Isralite 1922-1926, ,

13 1924.
41
,
, :
, Arch. de lAIU/Grce/VIIB/28 Serrs, Faraggi Moise Josef
1873-1884, , 23 1873.
42
Rodrigue, French Jews, urkish Jews, .. . 90.
43
1867
, ,
,
, , . 73.
44
Bulletin de L AIU, . 64/N. 27 (1902) 150, 66/. 29 (1904) 113, 120.
45
88
(1906)46.
,
,
.

,
. ,
,
1904, 47.
, (1909) (19101911), ,
48. ,
,
49.
,
,
,
,
.
1910 ( 1),
( 73,57%):
(28,14%),
(26,04%), ,
(19,39%),
.
46
Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/XXXVE/240 Gumuldjina, Saltiel Carasso, Comit scholaire 1905,

, 12 1907 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IB/6 Gumuldjina 18841914, , 26 1910 Arch. de lAIU/Turquie/XCIVE/Ddagatch
1898-1906.
47
1904.
, . Angel Gaon, The Jews of Rhodes, .. . 80.
48
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/VIIB/28 Serrs, Communaut et comit scolaire 1905-1913,
, 16 1909.
1910, Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IE/12 . Atti 1910-1912,
A, 27 1910, 27 1911,
, Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IE/12 . Atti 1910-1912, ,
3 1911, . Rodrigue, Jewish Society, .. . 272.
49
, 10 1908.
89
,

50. , ,

51.
,
, ,
,
(23,25% 1910),
(3,18% 1910).
(
4,49% )
.
, ,

.

52.
50
, , .. . 480.
1912, ,
, 40%
65%
1905-1910, Bulletin de L AIU, . 75 /. 38 (1913) 123.
52
, , .. . 454.
51
90
1
3.935,00 1.811,00
3.029,00 2.846,50
2.564,80 2.008,85
1.570,00 3.609,50
10.098,80 10.275,85
28,14% 26,04%
,
,
AIU
Alliance Isralite
Universelle (1910) [ ]
2.400,00 420,00 776,85 9.342,85 1.519,20

2.100,00 435,50 3.829,00 12.240,00 339,50
1.772,00 400,00 2.143,50 8.889,15
2.900,00
901,40 8.980,90
9.172,00 1.255,50 7.650,75 39.452,90 1.858,70

23,25%
3,18% 19,39%
100%
: Bulletin de L AIU, . 73 /. 36 (1911).
91
3.3.
,
1870,
,
19 .53. ,
( 1890)
,
54. ,
(1897),
(1898)55. ,

(1886)56. , 19 .,

57.
20 .

, .
(1900) (1901) 77 63
58. ,
.
(, )
59.
53
1874 , . ,
, .. . 153.
1870, . , , .. , .
1487. 1853.
1880 , . ,
, .. . 49.
54
1890.
55
1898.
56
Arch. de lAIU/Grce//268 Azaria Jacob 1883-1886, , 8 1886.
57
1899.
58
(1902),
. Angel Gaon, The Jews of Rhodes, .. . 79.
59
Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/1.Comit Local et scolaire 1904-1909, , 4
1904.
,
92
,
(, , ,
, , )
60.
,
, ,

.
,
, 61.

(1910)62. , , ,

,
.
63.
,

64.
,
(),
, . Rachel Simon, Between the family and the Outside World: Jewish Girls in the Modern
Middle East and North Africa, Jewish Social Studies, vol. 7.1. (2000) 81-108.
60
, 28 1901.
61
1907
, Arch. de lAIU/Grce/XXIE/277 Benjamin Hakim 1907-1911, ,
21 1907.
62
,
100 , Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/3b Bassat 1910-1911, , 4
1910.
63
1904.
64
Rodrigue, French Jews, Turkish Jews, .. . 78. ,

.

,
. -
19 20, . Benbassa, The Jews of France, .. . 128.
93
-
( , , )65.
,
66.
65
Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/5a Melle Carmona 1907-1909, , 7

1906 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/5a Melle Carmona 1907-1909, ,
28 1909. ,
,
Arch. de lAIU/Grce//26 Nissim Guron 1905-1908, , 25
1906 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/5a Melle Carmona 1907-1909, ,
1 1908.
66
94
3.4.
,
,
( ),

.
.
,
,
.

20 67.

,
68. , ,
,

69.

. ,
,
, ,

70. ,
67

1904.
68
, , Registre
gnral des inscriptions d lves 1888-19[86] (
). T 1888-1912
.
69
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/XXIE/275 Dollmann 1904-1906, , 3 1905.
70
1899 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IIE/23 M. Franco 1903-1905, , 25
1905 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/3a Bassat 1905-1909, , 6
95
, (
)
71. ,

.

,
72. , ,
73.

, ,
.
,
,
,
.

74.
1908
:
,

, ,
,
1906 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IIE/26 Guron Nissim 1905-1908,
, 3 1908.
71
1885-1893
(Socit d apprentissage) .
, ,
, Arch. de lAIU/Grce//14 Joseph Barishac 1890-1901, ,
21 1898, . Rodrigue, Jewish Society, .. . 275.
, ,
1894
, Arch. de
lAIU/Grce/XXE/259 Xanthi, -,
7/20 1894.
72
73
74
96
.
. ,
75.
,
, ,
,
, 76.
, ,
,
77. :

. ,

, ,
78.
79.

80.
,
.

;

,
, ,
75
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/XXIE/277 Benjamin Hakim 1907-1911, , 10

1908.
76
77
78
, . 77.
79
, , .. . 156.
80
,
1894
, . Rodrigue, French Jews, Turkish Jews, .. . 86-87.
97

81. ,
,
( )
.
,

,
82.
,
, ,
83,
84.

,

.
,

. ,

.
81

, Arch. de lAIU/Grce/XXIE/275 Dollmann 1904-1906, , 3
1905.
83

, Arch. de lAIU/Grce/XXIE/277 Benjamin Hakim 1907-1911,
, 10 1908. -
, Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie//5a Melle
Carmona 1907-1909, , 7 1906. ,
, 12
1909.
84

, Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IE/12 . Atti 1910-1912,
A, 21 1910.
82
98
,

85.
. , ,

86.
, (1883-1901)
(1903-1905) , (1905-1926)
(1913-1924)

.

, .
20% ,
, ( 6-15
),
1905-1909 ( 2)87. ,
(18,10% 22,10%)
(16,16%)
. , (12%)
. ,
( 15,33% 13,22%), ,

88. 1912 7,20%

.
89.
85

87
88
Bulletin de L AIU, . 73/ . 36 (1911) 93.
89
Bulletin de L AIU, . 74/ . 37 (1912) 106.
86
99
, , ,

90:

.
.
.

.
,

91.
2

(1905-1909)

A

(1905)
144
125
151
276
172
592
12,00%
15,33%
18,10%
15,14%

(1909)
145
86
152
238
210
194
787
12,08%
13,22%
22,10%
16,16%
15,89%
: Bulletin de L AIU, . 68/ . 31 (1906) . 72/ . 35 (1910).

, ,
92. ,
90

(1906)
, Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/3a Bassat 19051909, , 7 1906.
92

() , Arch. de
lAIU/Bulgarie/XXXVE/ 240 Gumuldjina, Hasson Ecoles 1912-1914,
, 27 1914.
91
100

,
93. 1894
(1908)
94.

.
, .

:

(
)
, ,
, ,
95.

, ,
.
, Socit Isralite de bienfaisance
(1872) Bouche de Pain (1908),
96.

, Socit de bienfaisance des lves ,
93

,
, ,
, Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/3a
Bassat 1905-1909, , 6 1906.
94
Rodrigue, French Jews, Turkish Jews, .. . 86-87.
95
1913.
96
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/VIIB/28 Serrs,
, 21 1875 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/3a Bassat 1905-1909,
, 2 1908.
101
97. ,

(1912)98.
, Socit le lecture isralite
(1904) 99.
, ,

.
, 25
1907
100. ,
(1909-1912),
:
,
101. ,

102.

, ;

,
,
,
,
. ,
,
97

1904.
98
Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/3c Bassat 1912-1913, , 25 1912.
99
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IIE/23 M. Franco 1903-1905, , 5
1904.
100
101

, Ost und West, Heft 7 ( 1912) 679.
102
102
,
103. ,
,
,
, ,
.

,

104.
,
,
.
:
,
() , ,

,
.
,

.
103

,
(Mikveh Isral) , Arch. de
lAIU/Bulgarie/XXXVE/240 Gumuldjina, , 16 1909.
104
, Commercial Company
, , Mayer ,
, Arch. de lAIU/Grce//3,
, 31 1926.
103
4

,
,
1.
,
,
2.

.
1870,

, ,
. ,
,
,
: ,
, -
3.
,
,
, ,
:
,
,

.
, , .. . 32
, ,
1926, 1927, . 9.
2
Gounaris, Steam over Macedonia, .. . 188.
3
, . 215-218.
104
,

4. ,

5.
,
.
,
, ,
.

:
6,
7,

8.
, : ,
, ( 3 4 1998),
1999, . 303-338.
5
, , .. . 29.
6
,
, PRO/FO/195/2111, ,
23 1901.
, PRO/FO/195/1945,
, 8/20 1895.
,
, , .. . 60, 81.
7
, PRO/FO/195/1945,
, 8/20 1895 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IIE/29 Zcharia Menachem 19121914, , 26 1914.
8
,
, PRO/FO/195/1665,
, 12 1889. , Arch. de
lAIU/Grce//12 . Atti 1910-1912, , 9 1912.
105
4.1.
4.1.1. 19 .
1850,
,
,
9. (Fratelli
Allatini) , ,
(1850)10.
,
11.

.
(1853-1856),

12. ,
, ,
( )

19 ., . Mosse,
The German Jewish Economic Elite, .. . 170.
10
, , .
, , .. . 333-337 Gounaris, Steam over Macedonia, .. . 169171. , . ,
, .
, 9 ( 1935) 18.
11

(1808-1839).
, -
19 ., . Galante, Histoire des Juifs, .. . 2, . 58. ,
PRO/FO/295/2, ( ),
4 1858. ,

. ,
, Socit Gnrale de l Empire Ottoman,
, .. (Banque de Salonique)
, ,
, . Galante, Histoire des Juifs, .. . 2, . 62, 68.
12
, ,
. - - , 1955, . 11.
106
13.
,

14.
1850, ,

. , o
,
19 .
( 75.000 )15.
,
,
,
.
,

.
, , -
,
. ,
, ,
13
Galante, Histoire des Juifs, .. . 2, . 58.

, - , .. . 181.
15
PRO/FO/295/2, , 6
1860. 1835
1850-1851 . 1867-1919,
, .
, ( 1874), ,
,
, . , , .. . 33, 109.
, , 1764,
1810. 1816,
,
.
, , . 108. 1859,

, PRO/FO/295/2, ,
17 1859.
14
107
16. ,
, ,

, ,
17.
19 .,
,
,
, , .
,

.
(, , ) (, ),
1870 , 18.
(1870-1878)
,
:

, 12,50%
1878 28,85% 1873 ( 1).
19.
42,86% 1872
72,73% 1874. ,
, ,
30%,
1880 ( 800.000
1877 335.000 1880)20.
16
PRO/FO/295/2,
, 6 1860.
17
Henry Fanshawe Tozer, Researches in the Highlands of Turkey; including visits to Mount Ida, Athos,
Olympus and Pelion, to the Mirdite Albanians, and other remote tribes, 1869, . 52.
18
, 9 ( 1935) 16-18.
19
, - , .. . 184.
20
, 26 1878 CADN/Fond Salonique Consulat/Srie B/Carton 11,
, 12 1879. 1880, CADN/Fond
Salonique Consulat/Srie B/Carton 11, , 5 1881.
108
200% 1877-1878
1869, ,
,
1874

21.
,
,
50%
(1883)22.
,
(Rgie cointresse des tabacs de lEmpire ottoman)
23.
,
,
, ,

24.

(,
)25.
1882, ,

(1877-1878),

21

1881.
22
, CADN/Fond Salonique Consulat/Srie
B/Carton 11, , 12 1882.
, 14 1883.
23
24
, . , - , .. . 181-182.
, 6 1883.
25
, , 1909, . 40.
109
26.
,
( ),
()
,
27.
3.100.000
1872-1879 4.700.000 1882-1889.

,
.

. , 1889, Oriental
Tobacco Trading Company Ltd. 28.
, ,
1891
29. 1893
. Mayer et Cie30. 1890-1894,
4.800.000 ,
. ,
,
1896
,
31.
26
1879
, CADN/Fond Salonique Consulat/Srie B/Carton 11, ,
8 1880.
4.750.000 1882-1888 ( 1),
, 4.620.000
, . 1.
27
-, , .. . 108.
28
, 9 ( 1935) 18.
29
-, . / . . 68.
30
, 9 (M 1935) 15. Mayer 1890.
. . 1925,
, . ,
1821-1921. , . 2, -,
1925, . 244.
31
-, . / .. 317.
110

1895, Commercial Company of Salonica Ltd.
. ,
,

. (Banque de Salonique),
Commercial Company

(1894-1895).
, ( 1899)
,
Rgie, 55%
( 30% 15% Rgie)32.
O ,
(
). ,
.
,

17.000
.
,
, 100
500 ( )
.
,
,

T
. 1894-1895,
32
1871,

,
. 4-5 , . , , .. . 189-190.
111
, Commercial
Company 189533. ,
, ,
,
.
Oriental Tobacco Commercial
Company,
19 .. ,
6.900.000
, 1895-1899, 43%
( 1).

34. (1900),
Commercial Company Oriental Tobacco,
70% , , 35.
, ,
,
36.
,
, 30%
, ,
33
CADN/mbassade de France en Turquie/Srie D/Correspondance avec les chelles (18871895)/Carton 15,

, 5 1894 ,
12 1895.
34
,
, CADN/mbassade de France en Turquie/Srie
D/Correspondance avec les chelles (1887-1895)/Carton 15, , 5
1894. ,
,
. , , . 34,
1904. ,
, Oriental Tobacco 1889:
,
,
, , 12 1932, . . 1964.
35
, , .. . 125.
36
20 , o Commercial Company
, ,
, , . 121. 1910-1911,
, . , , ,
--, , .
(1910-1911), 2 . , 1911, . 138.
112
37.

,
, 38.
37
1870
, , CADN/Fond Salonique Consulat/Srie B/Carton 11,
, 12 1879. 19 .,
1.670.000 .
, ,
. ,
500.000 30%
, CADN/Fond Salonique Consulat/Srie B/Carton 11, ,
26 1895.
38

, 1.850.000 ,
, 26 1895.
113
1
( ) (
)
(1869-1899)
1869 (1)
550.000
1.600.000
3.150.000..
1870 (2)
420.000
1.650.000
3.070.000..
1.800.000
5.500.000..
2.310.000
4.186.000..
400.000
3.120.000
6.900.000..
1871 (3)
1872 (4)
990.000
1873 (5)
1.300.000
1874 (6)
1.600.000
1875 (7)
1.215.000
100.000
1877 (8)
1.000.000
800.000
1878 (9)
1.500.000
900.000
1879(10)
900.000
1880(11)
600.000
1882(12)
2.300.000
1883(13)
3.200.000
1884(14)
2.119.000
900.000
390.000
18.000
2.200.000
750.000
30.000
12.000
2.776.000
5.552.000..
750.000
500.000
650.000
60.000
240.000
4.000.000
6.500.000..
950.000
600.000
730.000
30.000
90.000
4.800.000
8.500.000..
750.000
130.000
500.000
120.000
100.000
200.000
50.000
2.750.000
5.500.000..
335.000
120.000
50.000
150.000
25.000
150.000
70.000
1.510.000
3.200.000..
500.000
500.000
350.000
400.000
40.000
380.000
80.000
4.600.000
10.000.000..
100.000
6.400.000
270.000
302.000
385.000
430.000
143.453
3.805.900
10.000
7.564
140.000
1885(15)
5.022.000
420.000 ..
1886(16)
4.910.000
410.000 ..
1887(17)
5.357.000
425.000 ..
4.199.000
7.600.000 ..
1889(19)
3.571.000
320.000 ..
1890(20)
4.017.000
360.000 ..
1891(21)
3.941.740
9.000.000 ..
1892(22)
5.373.000
440.000 ..
1893(23)
6.900.000
1888(18)
1894 (24)
2.432.000
1.850.000
57.000
60.000
300.000
250.000
200.000
50.000
600.000
600.000
4.130.000
1895(25)
4.889.000
547.255 ..
1896(26)
6.124.000
682.154 ..
1897(27)
7.300.000
817.000 ..
1898(28)
7.411.000
830.000 ..
1899(29)
9.001.000
1.190.440..
114
:
1-7.Constantin Ap. Vacapoloupos, Le commerce des portes de Thessalonique et Cavala (18501875), Balkan Studies, 22/ Number 1 (1981) 85-108.
8. CADN/Fond Salonique Consulat/Srie B/Carton 11, , 26
1878.
1879.
1880.
1881.
1883. 1882 50.000 .
13. CADN/Fond Salonique Consulat/Srie B/Carton 11, , 12 1884.
14. CADN/Fond Salonique Consulat/Srie B/Carton 11, , 3 1885.
15-17. Gounaris, Steam over Macedonia, .. . 116.
18. CADN/Fond Salonique Consulat/Srie B/Carton 11, , 1 1889
1892
1895. 1894 100.000 , 80.000 40.000 .
115
4.1.2. (1900-1912)
20 ,

.
1890
American Tobacco
Company
39. ,
,

,
40. American Tobacco
Company ,
,
41.
10.100.000
1900-1905, 10.300.000 1906-1910 ( 46%
1895-1899) 12.700.000 1911-1912
( 2).
(1902) (1907),

42.
,
,
, 1903
1910-191143.

.
39
, , .. . 122.
, . 77-78 81-82.
41
, . 124.
42
, , .. . 461, -, ,
.., . 108.
43
, , .. . 16-17.
40
116
,
-
.
, ,
80%
44.
,

Commercial Company, Oriental Tobacco, Herzog et Cie
Mayer .
,
(Schinazi Brothers)
,
45. ,
, Commercial Company,
Herzog et Cie (Oriental Tobacco) Mayer, ,
20-30
(1904)46.
,

.
(1903-1910),

.
1904-191147.
Commercial Company Mayer (1908-1909)
44

M .
. ,
Schinazi Brothers,
. 1916
4.000.000 . 1919, . Galante,
Histoire des Juifs, .. . 4, . 55.
46
Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/1.Comit Local et scolaire 1904-1909, , 4
1904.
47
-, . / .. 145.
, , 1905 1906
.
45
117

(
) 48. (1909),
(1909) (1911)

49.
,
,

: Oriental Tobacco 1889,
Commercial Company 1895,
Herzog et Cie, N. Mayer et Cie
Ltd, , ,
50.

,
, Commercial Company.

: ,
, , 51.
48
-, . / .. 331 -, . / .. 55.
-, . / .. 317 -, . / .. 658 -, .
/ .. 132.
50
, . , , .. . 121. ,
PRO/FO/295/15, ,
26 1912. , CADN/Fond Salonique Consulat/Srie B/Carton 12,
,
30 1913. , Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/3a Bassat
1905-1909, , 8 1906. , Arch. de
lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/3b Bassat 1910-1911, , 5 1910.
Nahmias et Benveniste, (19101911),
, . , , .. . 72. ,
(1900),
150.000 , , . ,
, .. . 126. . ,
,
1885, , ,
, , 9 ( 1935) 15.
51
,
.
.
49
118
19 ,

.
1905, 6.000
Oriental Tobacco Mayer,
Commercial Company 52.
,
(Commercial Company)
2/3 ,
53. 20 ., 200
,
(1912)54.
, , ,
,
55.

.
, Oriental Tobacco (Herzog et Cie) Commercial Company

, 56.
250.000 ,
,
52
PRO/FO/294/19,
, 29 1905.
53
, /1905/...,
, 12/25 1905. 1910,
, 80 5 ( )
, 5-6 10-12 ,
, , Arch. de lAIU/ Bulgarie/IE/3b
Bassat 1910-1911, , 4 1910.
54
400 ,
/1912/... , , 11
1912.
55
Commercial Company 1900 700 , AYE/
1900/... , , 7/20 1900.
56
AYE/1900/... , , 11/24
1900.
119
57.

,

, (Mayer, Commercial Company)
(Oriental Tobacco, Herzog et Cie).
,
, ,
.
57
, , .. . 128.
120
9.834.000
1902 (2)
12.000.000
1903 (3)
11.208.000
1904 (4)
9.334.000
1905 (5)
8.665.000
1906 (6)
11.009.000
1907 (7)
9.479.000
1908 (8)
9.016.000
1909 (9)
7.387.575
2.275.828
876.870
1.052.359
232.740
1.250.743
13.076.115
1910 (10)
3.014.093
588.958
2.578.025
1.332.601
651.205
219.874
915.244
9.300.000
41.850.000
1911 (11)
6.006.873
3.494.340
1.008.371
569.157 1/2
203.385
888.055
12.180.181 1/2
1912 (12)
7.623.096
3.203.239
576.929
618.609
1.282.107
13.303.980
1900 (1)
2
( )
(1900-1912)
:
1-8. Gounaris, Steam over Macedonia, .. . 116
9. , , .. . 51
1911
11. , , .. . 51
12. , . 10-11.
.
121
4.1.3. (1913-1928)

58. 1913, ,
,
,
,
, 59.
, ,
1913 (
) 191460.
(1913), Commercial Company Oriental Tobacco

72.920 72.831 61.

Commercial Company 500 (1914).
200
62.

(1913), ,
,
63.
, ,

.
58
Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/3c Bassat Ecoles 1912-1913, , 1

1913.
59
CADN/Fond Salonique Consulat/Srie B/Carton 12,
, 14 1913.
60
61
PRO/FO/294/17, , 19 1914.
, Oriental
Tobacco , . , .. . 157.
62
Alexandros Dagkas, Recherches sur l Histoire Sociale de la Grce du Nord : Le Mouvement des
Ouvriers du Tabac 1918-1928, 2003, . 297.
63
, 30 1913.
122
1913,
, Hermann Spierer et Cie
,
(1913)64. , (1914)
(1916),
65. 1915,
66.
, ,
.
Commercial Company
Mayer67.
,
, 1916-1918.
, Oriental Tobacco
,
68.
, .

69.
Commercial Company
,
70.

64
/1/40/81/. 348, , 2-3

1927.
65
, 25 /7 1915, . . 236 (2762).
66
, 17/30 1915, . . 228 (2754).
67

, Commercial
Company Mayer 1916
, , . Rapports
et Enqutes de la Commission Interallie sur les Violations du Droit des Gens comises en Macedoine
Orientale par les Armes Bulgares, -- 1919, . 235-237.
68
, , . 235-237.
69
, , . 229.
70
, , . 235-237.
123
71. , ,
.
,
, , 1919,
, .
-, 44,27%
1924 38,85% 1926 (
32,25% 19241926).
,
72.

,
.
,
,
Oriental Tobacco,
(1921-1922)73.
Societ Anonyme de Tabacs d Orient et
d outre Mer (
)74. ,
Oriental Tobacco75. , ,
Commercial Company, ,
,
76. ,
71
, .
, 1996, . 183.
72
, . 196.
73
-, . / . . 68 , , .. . 64.
74
( 50.000.000 )
, . ,
, .. . 224.
75
-, . / . . 68.
, , 12 1932, . . 1964. 1927,
Recolta
, , 12 (. 1927) 3. ,
, /1/34/23/. 10.
76
/1/40/15/. 34, Commercial Company,
13 1921.
124
, ,
77.
,
, ,

.
18% 1924-1926
( 3). ,
Reemtsma AG (1921) Georg Jasmatzi AG
(1925)
78. H Commercial Company
Reemtsma . ,
Hermann Spierer
.
(1922),

79. ,
, 80.
,

. 1921-1923
N. Mayer et Cie 1919 Ltd., Commercial Company, ermann Spierer,
,
, 3.000.000 . ( 130.000
)
77
, , .. . 244.
Recolta Agraria,
. 1935, ,
, 8 ( 1935) 6.
78
Dagkas, Recherches, .. . 376.
79
, . 383.
80
/1/40/81/. 348, , 1
1926.
125
81.
. Commercial Company
(1921)82.
, Hermann Spierer
(1922-1926), (1923), (1924)
(1925-1926)83.
, ,
Commercial Company
Oriental Tobacco ( 1913)
.
Commercial Company
, (1922-1930)84. Societ Anonyme de Tabacs d
Orient et d outre Mer
1923, ,
85.

,
. ,
Commercial Company (1920)
(1923), (1925)
(1926) 86.
, ,
81
-, . / . . 55. N. Mayer et Cie 1919 Ltd.

, , , ,
, , . Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IE/7 Ovadia,
() , 21
1926. Commercial Company, -, . / . . 331. Spierer,
-, . / . . 391. , -, . /
. . 438.
82
, , .. . 55-58.
Commercial Company
. 1895,
.
83
/1/40/81/. 348, , 2-3
1927.
84
-/ 229/ 2.01, . . 10032, 10033.
85
-/ 229/ 2.01, . . 11246, 11793.
86
-, . /. . 379 -, . /. . 317 -, .
/. . 881.
126

87.

.
- , Commercial Company
,
88. Hermann Spierer
, ,
89.
(1924) 90.
(1923)91.
Societ Anonyme de Tabacs d Orient et d outre Mer
Oreintal Tobacco: (1923)
(1928),
, (
1925), . (1927)92. , N. Mayer et Cie 1919
Ltd. ()
93.
,
.
, ,
. 1932,

, 47%
Spierer 26% Commercial Company.
87
, 18 1933, . . 2155.
, 11 1929, . . 1044 -, . 6/ . . 2271 ,
1928 , , 34 (1978) 49.
89
, 29 1930, . . 1312 -, . / . . 22.
90
-, . / . . 44 , 1928 , .. . 49.
91
-/ 229/ 2.01, . . 11082.
92
-/ 229/ 2.01, . . 10843. 1924
, -, . 5/ . . 1322.
, -/ 229/ 2.01, . . 20501. , .
, , .. . 224. , -, . 8/ . .
3058.
93
, Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IE/7 Ovadia, , 21 1926.
1910-1911, .
, , .. . 138. , . , 1928 ,
.. . 49.
88
127
Societ Anonyme de Tabacs d Orient et d outre Mer
1927, 94.
,
.
: ,
, ,
, .

1920: , A
, , ,
, , ,
, , , ,
, , ,
, , ,
, .

,

95.
,

96.
,
,

97.
94
, 17 1932, .. 1995, 18 1932, .. 1996.

1927 , , 30%
6%
, . , , .. . 125.
1930,
25% 12% , . Le Guide Sam, 1930
Le Livre Dor de l Orient, 1931, . 964.
96
American Tobacco Company, Liggett and Myers
Tobacco Co., P. Lorillard R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., . Dagkas, Recherches, .. . 387.
, , . 374-379.
97
Mazower, , ,
2002, . 170.
95
128
1926,

( 4) 98.

, - , ,
. . 99.
,
,
, .
, .
, ,
Austria (1927) ,
100.
,
, .
Societ Anonyme de Tabacs d Orient et d outre Mer,
101.
,
102.
.

,
98
, . 169.
Nicolas G. Inglessi, 1932-1933. Annuaire de Grce Inglessi Economique Commercial Industriel,
1932, . 636-637.
100
Dagkas, Recherches, .. . 367.
101
/1/34/23/. 3, , , 24
1928, .. 11,
.
102
, /1/34/23/. 3,
- .., 22
1932. , -, . / . . 245.

, - 229 2.01, .. 25290.
99
129

(1928)103.
103
, -, . 14/ . . 6304. , /1/34/23/. 3,

-
.., 22 1932. 1930
6.933,13 . , -, . / . . 245 .
130
4.1.4. (1929-1940)
, ,

(1930)104. ,
-, ,
, 105.
, -,
,
, 5%
.

. ,
,
(1931)
106.
1926
.
1929.
, 1931-1934,

107. , 46,3
. 1928 35,6 . 1932 ( 24%) [ 3]

58,6 . 1928 27,83 . 1932 ( 52,5%).
:

104
1930
27,1% , . . ,
(1898-1939), . 1, 1993, . 218.
, , 14 1930, . . 1248.
105
, 15 1932, . . 2047.
106
Mazower, , .. . 171 , 9 1932, .. 2042.
107
, , .. . 277.
131
,
.
,

108. ,
.
Mayer
109. ,
Societ Anonyme de Tabacs d Orient et
d outre Mer (1937)110.
108
, 8 1932, . . 1935.
, , 12 1932, . .
1811. 1932,
, , , , 9
1932, . . 1831.
,
, -, . /.. 405.
110
, 1931
6.852,14 8,5%. 1937 10.177,14
5.597.735. 500.000. ,

Banque nationale de credit , , 9 1937, .. 311
-/ 290, .
, -, . /. . 26 .
109
132
3

(1914-1937)
(.)
1914
20.398.388
1915
22.280.275
1919
26.595.301
1923
1924
1925
21.362.000
8.782.444
1.857.180
1.016.630
41.832.723
18.520.144
7.876.701
66.908
42.253.187
14.717.272
11.252.424
411
21.493.557
9.894.423
896.075
3.416.266.000
1927
61.899.000
55.324.151
53.419.630
18.631.147
11.171.475
901.147
3.975.000.000
1928
52.702.000
46.315.228
20.597.075
8.135.262
2.032.596
3.245.450.000
1929
79.106.000
49.393.389
16.149.733
9.350.037
2.226.231
3.950.000.000
1930
64.186.000
49.472.139
17.448.062
8.816.124
2.437.926
3.382.003.602
1931
42.635.000
43.182.924
8.585.348
9.282.790
3.343.261
2.096.670.814
1932
27.544.000
35.625.338
11.950.449
5.959.535
3.589.475
1.829.806.257
1933
50.190.000
34.900.977
14.392.611
6.390.461
2.292.548
1.735.253.104
1934
40.056.000
37.381.970
15.306.227
8.050.043
2.012.255
2.024.716.037
1935
45.282.000
50.037.383
22.405.242
10.011.320
1.648.131
3.515.067.432
1936
82.074.000
39.599.992
22.717.547
6.318.545
1.584.964
3.394.286.122
42.882.746
18.949.767
9.528.197
1.079.964
4.440.164.316
1926
1937
: -, , ... . 116, , 10 ( 1937) 15-17

, 3 ( 1938).
133
4

(1927-1937)
1927
23.100.000
1928
19.200.000
25.900.000
1929
26.900.000
18.200.000
61,61
1.121.000.000
1930
20.100.000
23.600.000
40,70
962.000.000
1931
15.400.000
16.800.000
36,62
615.000.000
1932
9.000.000
17.600.000
27,83
490.000.000
1933
18.000.000
9.000.000
50,61
453.000.000
1934
14.000.000
17.900.000
38,35
687.000.000
1935
17.100.000
14.900.000
63,77
948.000.000
1936
25.400.000
16.500.000
88,03
1.450.000.000
1937
24.500.000
82,34
2.019.000.000
58,64
1.517.000.000
: , 2 ( 1938) 16-19.
,
.
,
, ,
111. ,
112.

.
,

19 .
. ,
111
-, . / . . 247.
. (1931),
3.071
, -, . / . . 141 194
. /25. , ,
-, . / . . 142.
112
-, . / . . 334 , 16 1932, . . 1815.
134
, 1932, ,
Commercial Company, 1933,
113.
, ,
1932-1933114.
,
115.
,
116. 1935,
1926
44,78% ( 3). 1932,

clearing,
117.
clearing (1934-1936),
60% 118.
Reemtsma

119. Reemtsma
3,45 .

, clearing120. 1935,
Commercial Company
113
, 12 1932, . . 1964 , 18 1933, . . 2155.

, 8 ( 1936) 25.
115
, 7 ( 1937) 29.
116
,

, ,
, , 2
( 1937) 9.
117
, , .. . 315.
118
, . 308.
119
Karmitri AG
Reemtsma 1924, . Dagkas, Recherches, .. . 376.
120
, , .. . 315.
114
135

(. 17)121.
,
( ,
Konzern, ).
,
,
. 25%
,
,
122. 1937,
, Hermann Spierer, ,
,
Bergmann, , 123.
,

. ,
Konzern124. 1936,
57,37% ,
Reemtsma ,
,
125. 1937,
Reemtsma,
200.000
25.000.000 .126. 1937
Commercial Company Reemtsma
121
, 8 ( 1935) 1. Reemtsma ,
, Commercial Company, .
, , .. . 54.
122
, 2 ( 1938) 15.
123
, 3 ( 1937) 1-2.
124
CADN/Ambassade de France Athnes/Srie B, 1920-1957/Carton 71/cote D13,
, 29 1938.
125
, 2 ( 1936) 1.
126
, 29 1938.
136
127. ,

. ,
Commercial Company 128.
(1938)
Austria Tabakwerke A.G.,
,

129. 1939, ,
,

130. ,
131.

Austria132.
Reemtsma

( 31,06% 2,69% ),
1937:
127
, 2 ( 1937) 1.
, 1-2 (- 1940) 1. , ,
Reemtsma ,
Roth Handle A.G. Lahr,
, . Harold James, The Deutsche Bank and the Nazi Economic War Against the Jews: The
Expropriation of Jewish-Owned Property, 2001, . 120.
129
, . Pauley,
From Prejudice, .. . 238.
130
/1/34/23/. 3, 11
.., 31 1939.
(1937)
, -, . / . . 444.
, 1934-1937, 1.280..
, -, . 35/ . . 15930.
131
, .
, (, , ) 1937-1938,
1939-1940, . 817. 1938
AEG , . Steven Bowman, Germans and Jews in Interwar Greece, I.K.Hassiotis
(.), The Jewish Communities of Southeastern Europe, 1997, . 83.
132
Morgens Pelt, Tobacco, Arms and Politics, 1998, . 212.
128
137
5
1936
( )
6.976.000
22,57%
1.280.000
4,14%
Reemtsma
9.600.000
31,06%
3.827.000
12,38%
205.000
0,66%
512.000
1,66%
832.000
2,69%
7.680.000
24,84%
30.912.000
100%
1.600.000
32.512.000

: , 2 ( 1937) 9.

clearing .
, ,
, 60%
1938-1939 ( 1938
1939). ,
25.542.620 . , 2.035.187 .
663.223 . 133.
, Reemtsma 68%
, Austria
Tabakwerke A.G. 134.

.
133
, 5-6 (- 1939) 13.

, 29 1938.
134
138
,
. ,

Commercial Company 135. ,

. , , 60 ( 1/3
, ,
136.
1850-1936

.
,
,
,
.

, 20 .,

.
, ,

, .

, ,

. ,

135

1930, . ,
, ...
136
1932.
139

137.

,
( ) ,

. ,
,

. ,
, ,
,

.
1920,

, 1932138.
, , ,

137
16 (1925)
55 (1929),
(
) ,
,
, . , , .. . 253 , 1928 , ..
. 49. 1926-1932, 51 58%
, . , , .. . 275-276.
138
,
,
- ()
, , 14 1931, . . 6764.
:
,
, , 31 1931, . . 6780.
, , ,
:
. , , 18
1931, . . 6798.
140
,
.

,
,

.
141
4.2.
4.2.1. 1912
19 ,

, .
,

139.
1884: .
.
140.
,

.

141. ,

142.
19 ., ,
,
143.
,
300.000
139
CADN/Fond Salonique Consulat/Srie B/Carton 11, , 6 1883

, 3 1885.
140
PRO/FO/294/13, , 31 1884.
141
.
142
PRO/FO/295/2, , 6
1860.
143
, . Salo
Wittmayer Baron, A Social and Religious History of the Jews. Late Middle Ages and Era of European
Expansion 1200-1650, , . , 1967, . 132-197.
142
144. , ,
,
145.
,
, 1850,
.
, ,
1860 , ,
146.

()147.
,

,
148.
, ,
, 10,5%
149. ,
, ,

150.
144
Covo, Aperu Historique, .. . 21 PRO/FO/294/13,

, 31 1884.
145
146
PRO/FO/295/2, ,
6 1860.
147
Arch. de lAIU/Grce//274 Mercado Covo 1897-1907, , 8
1898.
148
, 1900, , 2004-5, . 219.
149
, , 19
20 102 108 (
20 ), . , , .. . 245.
150
PRO/FO/295/2, , 15 1858.
, , 40.000

.
.
143
19 ,
,
( ) .
,

(1883)151. ,
,

152. ,

.
, 19 ,

(1888)
153.
( 1894) ( 1900)

154.
(1894-1895),
:
,

Commercial Company155. , ,
,
Oriental Tobacco156.
,
151
Commercial
CADN/Fond Salonique Consulat/Srie B/Carton 11, , 6 1883.

PRO/FO/195/1665, , 12
1889.
153
, , .. . 222. 1909
.
, (1910), .
, 1900-1936, 1987, . 63.
154
PRO/FO/294/19, , 13 1894 ,
, .. . 56.
155
CADN/mbassade de France en Turquie/Srie D/Correspondance avec les chelles (18871895)/Carton 15, , 5 1894.
156
, , .. . 74.
152
144
Company Oriental Tobacco,
.
,
Commercial Company
157.
20 ,

, , ,
.
,
158. ,
, ,
.
, , , ,

, .

159. , ,
. ,
, - -
,
, 160.
157

11.000 ,
.
, ,
,
AMA/Ambassade
Constantinople/Correspondance
avec
les
Echelles/1020/41/Salonique 1902-1914/Carton sans no/ . 1905-1906, ,
, 26 1905.
158
1905, 18
, PRO/FO/294/19,
, 20 1905.
159
, .
, . . (.),
. , ( 2425 1989), 1996, . 305 -,
Konrad Jacob Josef Von Vilas (1866-1929) ( 19
20 ), 2002-2003, . 62, , - , .. . 305.
160
, . ,
, .. . 64.
145

( )
. 1912,
,
,
161. Commercial Company,
, .
,
.

(1911)162.
20 . ,
,
163.

164.
,
, 1904,
165.
,
161
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IIE/ 29 Zcharia Menachem 1912-1914,

, 27 1913. T 1909 . Simantov et
Azaria , Arch. de lAIU/Grce/VII B/
28 Serrs, , 16 1909. ,
, Arch. de lAIU/Grce/XXI E/
275 Dollmann 1904-1906, , 29 1904.
162
PRO/FO/294/19, , 13 1894.

. , CADN/Fond
163
, ,
, . ,
1895-1908, 1998, . 148.
, . , , .. . 74, 136. , Arch. de
lAIU/Bulgarie/XXXV E/ 240 Gumuldjina, Banderly Ecoles 1910-1914, ,
30 1911.
164
, , .. . 148.
165
, :
1904, 1906, 1909, , 1910, .
Andr Autheman, La Banque impriale ottomane, Comit pour l Histoire conomique et financire de
la France, 1996, . 274-275.
146
,
166.
,
( 5,5%
)
167. ,
,

168. ,
19
, .
,
,
, ,
169.

.
, ,
,
170. ,
,

166
Galante, Histoire des Juifs, .. . 2, . 34. ,

, , Banque D union
Parisienne, . , , .. . 64. Deutsche Bank
, ,
1905 1908, . - ,
, , , 29 (1993/94) 91.
, Deutsche Bank Orient
Bank , .
, , .. . 133.
167
, , .. . 62, 66.
(1915) :
,
, , , 6-8 ( 1915) 90.
168
, , .. . 151.
169
, , .. . 57. ,
, , , ,
, , . , , ..
. 106-109.
170
, , .. . 75.
147
.
171.
, ,
( 15-20%),
172.
:

173.
, M. Simantov et Azaria
Juda Abr. Arditti et Cie 1908174.

175.
: ,
, ,
, ,
.
176.
, ,
,
. ,
,
, , , .
,
1906177. ,
,
171
-, , .. . 92.
, . 102.
173
, , .. . 139.
174
- 229 2.01, . . 10636.
175
,

1909-1910, . , , .. . 102-111.
176

40-50 , 3.000 , , . 111.
177
, , .. . 74 /, ( ), , 13
1906.
172
148

, 178. ,

179. ,

, , 180.
(1910-1911),
50% 20% . ,
,
.
178
, , .. . 127.
, . 133.
180
Moche de Toledo
(1877-1878). 1906
, . Galante, Histoire des Juifs de Turquie, .. . 2, . 60.
: ,
19 Arch. de lAIU/Grce//14
Joseph Barishac 1890-1901, , 15 1897. 1902-1903,
.
, 1914
Haim de Toledo et Cie, . Galante, Histoire des Juifs de Turquie, .. . 2, . 60 ,
, .. . 133.
179
149
4.2.2. 1940
(1912-1918)
,
,
181. ,
, ,

,
. ,
(,
) 1913,
1915,
-
182.
183.
,
184.
,
181
1911,
.
, .
, , 1911, 1991, . 45.
1914
, , . Autheman, La Banque impriale ottomane,
.. . 274-275.
182
, .. . 192-195.
(1923), 1912-1914,
- 229 2.01, . . 10636. ,
1916-1918,
,
, . 1924, 14 2003.
, . ,
, . , 1977, .124-126.
(, 11 1915).
, CAHJP/XAN/3,
, 18/31 1915
183
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IIE/29 Zcharia Menachem 1912-1914, ,
27 1913.
184

,
, Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IE/12 Atti 1910-1912,
, 9 1912.
150
1915,

.
, , , ,
. ,

, ,
.

185.

1920,
.

, ,
.
,
, ,
186. 1920,

, ,
187.
,
188.

: ,
,
185
, , .. . 105.
, , .. . 51.
187
, . 143.
188
1929,
3.000.000 , . Mazower, , .. . 169.
186
151

189.
1920,
. 1922
190.
- (1923)
191.
,
,
.
,
. 1924,
192. ,
, .

(1921),
(1926)193.
, 1929
( ) :
,
, ,
,
189
1932,
, 23 1932, .. 2080.
, . , , .. . 129, 131.
190
, , .. . 222.
1920, ,
/1/34/18/. 37.
1924 Gery Tobacco Company, -, . / . .
44.
191
- 229 2.01, . . 10636
, . 1924, 14 2003.
192
, 15 1924, . . 74.
193
1921,
/1921/.. 282/ 26
1921. 108 ,
, , ,
.
/1/34/18/ . 36.
1926, ,
/1/34/18/ . 36.
152

194. , ,
,

195.

1930,
(60%) ,
(100%), , (80%) (66%)
[ 6]196.
,
, ,
, 197. ,

,
. ,
, , ,
, 198.
194
, 1932, .. . 32 , , .. . 147
, 1931, .. . 117 , 8 1932, . .1935.
,
1931,
1933 (1,2 ), .
, , ,
(.), 20 1922-1940, . 1, 2002, .
46.
195
-, . 29/ . . 463. 1926, 255
, -, .
/ .. 263.
196
, , .. . 888, 895-896, 1270 , , .. . 76
, , .. . 813, 865, 879.
197
, 25 2001. 1929
11 (
), . , .
(1919-1928). , 1990, . 153.
,
1933-1935 1937, . , , .. . 152-153.
198
, , .. . 813.
153
6
(1938)
2
3
1
0
4
1
6
3
0
9
2
6
1
4
1
2
17
28
: , , ..
,
:
1934,
199. ,
200.
,
,
201.

.
,
202.

199
, . , , .. . 136.
, /1/34/18/ . 36.
200
-, . 28/ . . 12551. , , 23
1937, . . 261.
201
,
, ,
, CAHJP/COM/23, ,
25 30 1940.
202
, 4 1931, . . 275.
, . Derek Penslar, Shylocks Children: Economics and
Jewish identity in Modern Europe, 2001, . 13-22.
154
203.

204. ,
, 205.
,
, ,

206.

, ,
, ,

207.
203
, 12 1932, . . 4.
, , .. . 219.
205
- 229 2.01, . . 821 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IE/12 Atti 19101912, , 9 1912. ,
25%
, Arch. de l AIU/Bulgarie/XXXV E/ 240 Banderly Ecoles 1910-1914,
, 31 1911.
206
Hannes Sulzenbacher, Shylock in Wien Elisabeth Klamper (.), Die Macht der Bilder.
Antisemitische Vorurteile und Mythen, 1995, . 122-129. . Lon Poliakov,
The History of Antisemitism. From the time of Christ to the Court Jews,
Richard Howard, 1965. 1930
:
, , 19
1930, .. 1279 , , .. . 56.
207
, . 1923, 26 2002
K ,
, , 47 (1974) 191.
204
155
4.3.
4.3.1. (1856-1920)
19 .,
,
.

(1864),
(1870)
(1893-1896)208. , ,
209

210.

, ,

211.
, ,
, ,
212.
208
Gounaris, Steam over Macedonia, .. . 134, 138.

1878. , ,
, .
,
PRO/FO/294/13, , 31 1884.
210
. (31.3.1884),

, , ,
.
211
Gounaris, Steam over Macedonia, .. . 132 PRO/FO/295/2,
, 21 1878. ,

.
212
CADN/Fond Salonique Consulat/Srie B/Carton 11, , 12 1884.
, , .
, . 1892,
, ,
209
156

, ( )
( ),
,
(1877-1878), ,
.
19
.,
.
, , ,
(,
, , -, )
213. 19 .,
,

. , ,
( , Commercial Company)
( ),
:
214.
,

, (Saul Modiano and Co)
400
(1899)215. , ,
. .
, CADN/Fond Salonique Consulat/Srie B/ Carton 11,

, 14 1892.
213
, , .. . 333-335.
214
, . ,
, .. . 73-74.
215
, . , ,
(.), 20 1900-1922. , . 1, , .
195. , PRO/FO/195/2111, ( )
, 23 1901.
157
( ) ,
216.
(
Misrachi, Fernandez et Cie
19 .)217. 1906, Fernandez et
Cie 218. ,
Misrachi, Fernandez et Cie
(1911) 219.
, Fernandez et Cie

220. ,
221.
,
.
19 . ,
,

(1903)222. ,
1865-1885,
: ,

.

(1911),
216
1928/. /. . 2/. 11, 13-1-1928.

, , .. . 334.
218
-, . 37/ . . 679.
219
, /1/34/2/. 105 ,
:
1912-1940, 1998, . 68 ,
, .. . 334.
220
, , .. . 70.
221
, . 128.
222
, . Donald Quataert,
, (), 1850-1918.
, 1994, . 198-199.
217
158

( Ceriano
Fratelli )223.
,

(1918)224.
,
1913,

.
, ,
1882 ,
225.
,

226.
, ,
,
,
.
,
. , ,

, ,
223
--- -, , .. . 36-37.

, . , , .. . 134.
224
1913, .
Commercial Company ,
, Salonica Cigarette Co 1914.
,
1.000.000 , -
.
, . ,
, . 101-103. 1922
1928, . , , .. . 275.
225
, , .. . 184.
226
-,
, 1975, . 208.
159
4.3.2. :
(1913),
-
,
227.
, ,

. , ,

, 1920,
.
,
,
228.
: ,
229.
,
,

230.
,
,
(1919)
(1925),
,
227
1914, . ,
, .. . 217-219.
228
, 1909-1936.
-, 1987, . 97.
229
, , .. . 23.
230
, . 22.

, . , , .. . 316.
160
231. , ,
, 1927,

,
, , ,
, .

1920, ,

, 232.
1927
5,75%
233.
86% 96%
1925-1939234.
1930-1934,
0,6% ( 2,9%
1925-1929)235.
,
,
.
, , 1920
54 .
,
(1930). 1927 , 16
, . 350
, 500 ()
231
-, , .. . 208, 217
//. 68,
, 14 1925.
232
- , , ,
1998, . 239.
233
Dagkas, Recherches, .. . 310-311.
234
Lois P. Labrianidis, Industrial Location in Capitalist Societies: The Tobacco Industry in Greece,
1880-1980, , London School of Economics and Political Sciences,
1982, . 136.
235
9 1925-1929
16 1930-1934, , . 176.
161
, 90.000-100.000
15.000-20.000 7.000-9.000 .
,
,
, 1924, . ,
.
236.
, ,

.
,

,

() 237. ,

,
1920238.
,
,

.

.
.
1920,

236
----, , .. . 40.
H

20 . , . , ,
.. . 336.
238
//. 68, ,
7 1925.
237
162
(, , )239. ,

, 240.

: 1920

1927 -
241. ,
1921

242.
, ,
1923
243.
1920,
,

244.
,
,
. :
,
239
, , (.),
20 1900-1922. , . 1, 2002, . 122.
240

. 1909, ,
- - . 1912
. 1919 , . ,
, .. . 85-86. 1950 1960,
-, . 54/ . . 25542.
241
/1/34/2/. 105 /1/34/2/. 104.
242
- 229 2.01, . 11/ .. 6730.
.
243
-, . / . . 420.
Diesel 60 , 15-20 400 ,
, 19 1925, .. 487.
244
Entrepts Frigofiques de Salonique S.A. ( 1.500.000
)
, . , ,
.. . 260. ,
- (1921),
, . , , .. . 260-263.
163
, , ,
. ,
,

, 1921 ,
245. 1925
, ( 1.095.000.)246.
, ,
,
, 1928
( 400.000.),
, 247.

. ,

.

,
:
,
248. ,
(, , ),
, ,
.
245
, ,
- , /1/34/2/.
105.
246
33,333%,
33,333%, ,
33,333%. -, . 11/ . . 4542.
247
/1/34/2/. 153 -, . 8/ . . 3147. 1929
--,
, . ,
, .. . 60.
248
, , .. . 123.
164
,

.
,
,

.

,
, .

,
, 249.

- ,
,
,
, 250. ,
.
,
, 1929,
.
(5.015.625.),
,
, 251.
249
-, . 36/ . . 16661.

, /1/34/2/. 105.
1927, .
, /1/34/2/. 104.
, -, . 36/ . . 16661. H
.
, , -, .
38/ . . 18106.
251
: 48%
( ), 16% ( ),
16% ( ),
250
165
,

.
(1924),
252.
,
, 253.
1920,
: -,
, 50%
38KW,
-- .

254.
1926,
255.
, 1928, ,
- ,
256.
1930 -
. ,

,

.
6,5% ( ), 8,5%
5% .
: , ,
, .
, . ,
,
/1/34/6/. 59.
252
, , .. . 40.
253
1932 4.350 , . Mazower,
, .. . 131.
254
, , .. . 59.
255
- 58 2.01, . , . 30/ . . 15485.
256
-, . 16/ . . 7357.
166
, ,
1934
257
.
1920,
,

258. ,
-,
259.
, , 260.

.
.
,
(, )
261.
,
.

257
1931 ,
, 19 1931, . . 344.
:
,
, , 11 1932, . . 34. 1934,

, , , 3 1934,
. . 5511.
,
.
258
, , .. . 25.
259
1930
, , -,
. / .. 165. ,
, . 1912, 16 2004. , 1919,
, 229 2.01, . 6/. . 3092.
260
, 1927
, ,
, 16 2004.
, ,
16 2004 - 229 2.01, . 20/ . . 10409.
261
, , .. . 96.
167

, .
1927,
(). 1929,

262. (1931)

263.
,
, 4%
1934 ( 36% 1929)264.
,
(1930),
(1931)
(1932). 1933
265.
H 1933
.
,
266. , 1936
.., .. (
11.300.000.), -
267. ,
262
, . ,
(.), 20 1900-1922. , . 1,
2002, . 275.
263
, 4 1931, . . 1675.
264
. ..
, , 14 1932, . . 1914. , .
Mazower, H , .. . 342.
265
/1/34/6/. 59.
266
, 28 1933, . . 2164.
267
..
55,5%, 26% 18,5%, -,
. 21/ . . 9857. :
(), (), ( ),
( ), /1/34/6/. 92.
.., -, . 21/ . . 9858, 25%
. , ,
168
, 1938 ,
, ..
( 7.500.000.)268.
,
,
.
1929
, 1933,
.
,

.
,
,
269. ,
1937
1940270.
..

1940271. , ,
1934-1936 1939272.
,
. .
, 1933273.
, (
. ,
/1/34/6/. 91.
268
: (37,025%),
(18,512% 0,512%
), . (18%), . , . , .
(16,5%), (6%) . (3,450%),
-, . 27/ .. 12351. :
(), ( ),
( ), (),
/1/34/6/. 108.
269
/1/34/2/. 153.
270
/1/34/6/. 92.
271
/1/34/6/. 91.
272
/1/34/6/. 59.
273
/1/34/11/. 3.
169
9.000.000.),
.
) 94 , 24
, .
: 86 34
( 1939)274.
275.
1936,
. ,
,
.

,
276.
(1937),
,
277. 1938,

. 1939,
25 278.
,
( , , ),

,
. ,

, .
274
. . ..,
20 1939, /1/34/11/. 3.
275

. . .., 29 1933, /1/34/11/.
3.
276
. .
.. , 8 1937, /1/34/11/. 3.
277
. .
.. , 6 1938, /1/34/11/. 3.
278
. .
.. , 12 1939, /1/34/11/. 3.
170

1930,
, ,
279.
,
()
.
, (
) ,
.
,

.
,
280.

,
281.
,

282.
279
, , .. . 51.
, .
, , .. . 98.
281
, , .. . 322.
282
1933,
, . , , .. . 39.
280
171
4.4.
4.4.1.
19 .,
. ,
, 17 ., ,
283.

18 .,
,
, 284.
19 .,
, ,
. ,
, ,
, 285.
(1861-1865),
, ,

286.

1870,
.
,
283
, , .. , . 747.
, . 1125, 1146.
285
Covo, Aperu Historique, .. . 20. ,
1860, 10.000.000 , . , , .. . 45.
286
Covo, Aperu Historique, .. . 24. ,
,
. ,
, ,
, .
, ,
, 7 (1987) 81-102. , . ,
, .. . 281-282 , , .. , .
1122.
284
172
287.

,
, ,
, , 288.
19 .,
,
, ,
. (1853-56)
(1877-78),

289.
,
,
290.
, ,
( 7).
1896 30.000 7.450.000 . . ( 58,79%
), 291.
(
17,32% 1900 40,73%
1897),
292. ,
287
, Arch. de lAIU/Grce/VB/24 Danon 1893,

, 8 1893 Gounaris, Steam over Macedonia, .. . 190-194 Covo,
Aperu Historique, .. . 20.
288
- , , .. . 244 ,
20 , , 77 ( 2001)
27-32.
289
, , .. . 177.
290
PRO/FO/295/2, , 26 1874
1877.
291
AMA/ Srie Correspondance Consulaire et Commerciale 1793-1901 Andrinople/tome III 18901901/Consulat de France Andrinople/Direction des Consulats et Affaires commerciales,
, 10 1897.
292
, AMA/ Srie Correspondance Consulaire et Commerciale
1793-1901 Andrinople/tome III 1890-1901/Consulat de France Andrinople/Direction des Consulats et
Affaires commerciales, , 14
1899. 1910-1911,
173
,

293.
,
(1850-1880),
, , 294.
1860,

.
19 .,
(
1870), ,
295.
19
. ( 1,3 . . 1896 700
. . 1900) [ 7]296. ,
4.000 70%
, . , , .. . 127.
293
Arch. de lAIU/Grce//12 Atti 1910-1912, , 21 1910.
294
, , .. . 187.
295
AMA/ Srie Correspondance Consulaire et Commerciale 1793-1901 Andrinople/tome II 18751889/Consulat de France Andrinople/Direction des Consulats et Affaires commerciales,
, 30 1878.
, . Donald Quateart, The Silk industry of Bursa 18801914, Huri Islamogu-Inan (), The Ottoman Empire and the World Economy, 1987,
. 284-299. 1880
1.350.000 . .,
150.000 . . , AMA/ Srie Correspondance Consulaire et Commerciale
1793-1901 Andrinople/tome II 1875-1889/Consulat de France Andrinople/Direction des Consulats et
Affaires commerciales, O
, 22 1881. ,

, AMA/ Srie Correspondance Consulaire et
Commerciale 1793-1901 Andrinople/tome III 1890-1901/Consulat de France Andrinople/Direction des
Consulats et Affaires commerciales, , 25 1901.
296

1882 ,
. ----, , .. . 22.
,

, AMA/ Srie Correspondance Consulaire
et Commerciale 1793-1901 Andrinople/ tome II 1875-1889/Consulat de France Andrinople/Direction
des Consulats et Affaires commerciales, , 20
1881.
174

25 25 , 181.436
40% 1889 850.000 50% 1911
297.
,

.

( ) 1920-1935298.
,
. ,
.
,
() 1911
1920,

299.
1920,
300-450.000 (1921-1930),

300.
297
----, , .. . 36-37.
1936, 360.612 (
27.519.000 192.633.000.), 126.890 ( 1.527.300
91.638.000.) 10.212 ( 372.000 ), .
, , 1937, . 38, 42.
50% (1936).
393.916 ( 29.128.444
203.899.908.), 117.227 ( 1.947.316 65.683.896
.) 82.817 ( 4.359.130 273.343.450 .
), , . 64.
299
50%
, (1932)
(1938), .
, ,
. , ,
, . 1920, 8 2003.
300
, , . 37-38.
298
175

( 1924),
( ),
301. , (
1912), , ,

-302.
7
(1896-1900)

1896
1897
1898
1899
1900

7.450.000
3.865.000
938.000
842.000
980.000
58,79%
40,73%
18,49%
13,68%
17,32%

1.300.000
10,26%
1.200.000
12,65%
540.000
10,64%
706.000
11,48%
700.000
12,37%

12.673.000
9.488.500
5.072.900
6.155.800
5.657.400
: AMA/ Srie Correspondance Consulaire et Commerciale 1793-1901 Andrinople/tome III

1890-1901/Consulat de France Andrinople/Direction des Consulats et Affaires commerciales.
301
, . 40. 1936, 7.700 33.209

1.500.000 ( 109.870
), 16.300 700.000 ( ),
, . 40.
302

,
, . 68-70.
176
4.4.2.
,

303. ,
,

304. 18 19 .,
, ,
305.

306. 19 .,

( 1.200.000 . .) 307. ,
,
308.
,

. ,
( 19 .)309. ,

310. ,
1880,
311.
303
, , .. , . 222.
Benbassa and Rodrigue, Sephardi Jewry, .. . 40.
305
, , .. . 259 , , ..
. 42.
306
, , .. . 20 , , ..
, . 1033.
307
1878.
308
, , .. . 145.
309
, , .. . 107 , , .. . 186.
310
, , .. . 128, 131.
311
, . 138 , 1912, 16
2004.
304
177

.
(1924), ,
,
312.
,
, , ,
1929 313. 25%
,
314. ,
50%
315. , ,

316.
,
.
,
.
, , .
, ,
, - -
317.
312
, , .. . 54.
. . , 1925-1926,
[1926], . 366.
314
, , .. . 870 Inglessi, 1932-1933. Annuaire, .. . 407.
315
, , .. . 870, 824.

, Arch. de lAIU/Grce//11 A. Agi, Communaut Israelit 1922-1926, ,
18 1923.
316
, , . 1923, 3 2002.
317
19 . 60.000 40.000
, , ,
, , ,
PRO/FO/294/13, , 31 1884.
30.000
, , , .. . 127 , , .. . 546-547,
872.
313
178
4.4.3.
,
(
, , ..),
318. 19 .,
,
,
,
319.
, 320.
,
321.
, (
1870),
322.
,
,
323.
318
Shmuelevitz, The Jews of the Ottoman Empire, .. . 135.

, . ,
19 :
:
( 23-24 1991), 1995, . 24.
320
, PRO/FO/195/2111,
, 23 1901.

, Arch. de lAIU/Grce/ /275 Dollmann 19041906, , 8 1906.
321
(1858),
, . ,
, .. . 182.
322
, 35%
, ,
, Arch. de lAIU/Grce//14. Joseph Barishac 1890-1901, ,
21 1898. , Arch. de
lAIU/Bulgarie/XXXVE/240 Gumuldjina Barishac Ecoles 1901-1904, ,
28 1901. , 20
., ( 50%)
, , Arch. de lAIU/Grce/ID/3, ,
25 1904.
323
319
179
324. ,
,
325. , ,
(),

( ) (
)326.
,
.
,
, , 19 .,
327. 20 .,

, , ,
.
,
328.

,

329.
.

(1878) (1923).

324
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/ /275 Dollmann 1904-1906, , 12 M

1905.
325
1898 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/ID/3, , 25 1904.
326
1898. , . Rodrigue, Jewish
Society, .. . 268 Covo, Aperu Historique, .. . 22.
327
1899.
328
329
, ,
,
, , ,
, 721-1373.
180
,
,
.
, , ,

,
, 330.
,
.

( 1929),
. 60
( 1/3 )
331.
, ,
,
. ,
, 332. ,
,
.
,
,
333.
330
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IC/10 Zcharia 1913, , 17 1913.

Elizer Mitrani, Les Juifs en Macedoine. La collectivit Isralite de Serrs, Progrs, 13
1932.
332
, , .. . 559-561, 827, 870, 876-878.
333
, , . 1928, 8
2001.
331
181
4.4.4.

,
. ,

, , ,
.

.
,
( , )
334.
,
( ),
( ).
19 ., ,

335.
,

. ,
(1861-1865), (
), 336.
1870 1913,
,
337.
334

, . Levy, The Jews of the Ottoman Enpire, .. . 110.
336
Covo, Aperu Historique, .. . 15-16. 1910-1911, ,
, . , , .. . 107.
1913 ,
. ,
.
337
335
182
1880-1913338.
,
20 339. ,

340.
, ,
341.
,
, ,
342.
,
.

343.
, 1920, ,
338
1880, .
, ,

1913,. , , .. . 74,
82.
339
1880 1932 ,
, , . ,
, .. . 75.
340
, 28 1901.
341
, . 1923, 30
2004.
Ikmal Tahsil. ,
,
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/II E/ 29 Zcharia Menachem 1912-1914, , 17
1913.
342
1908-1910
, 5 1908 Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/3b Bassat 1910-1911,
, 4 1910.
, Arch. de lAIU/Grce/XXI E/277 Hakim 1907-1911,
, 2 1909.
, Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie IE/3a Bassat 1905-1909, ,
6 1906. , ,
()
, Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IE/11bis Albert Agi, Communaut Isralite 1922-1926,
, 13 1924.
, Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/IE/3b Bassat 1910-1911,
, 4 1910. , .
1923, 30 2004.
343
,
< > 50, , 136 (.1986) 32
, 1864-1919, 1990, . 133.
183

,
344.

345.
,

346. ,
. ,
,
.

(, , , ), , ,
.
,
,
. : )

(1856-1912), )
(1912-1922) ) ,
( )
(1923-1933).
344
, < >
, , 136 (.1986) 39.
, 1920, .
. 1927, .
, , .. . 39. 1932
-, Inglessi, 1932-1933. Annuaire de Grce, .. . 395. 1938,
--, . ,
, .. . 551.
. ,
, . , , .. . 53.
345
Arch. de lAIU/Grce//11 A. Agi, Communaut Israelit 1922-1926, ,
18 1923.
346
184
,
,
:
, ,
20 . ,
, , ,
.
, ,
.
,
, ,
,
. ,
,
347.
, ,

1920, .

. ,
(100
)348.
,
1912-1922, ,
.

349. ,

, .
347
Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/XXXVE/240 Banderly Ecoles 1910-1914, ,

30 1912.
348
Arch. de lAIU/Grce /14 Joseph Barishac 1890-1901, , 21
1898.
349
, 1932, .. . 30.
185
,
.
1929

350. ,
,
,

. ,

351.
350

1932.
351
, . 1912, 16 2004
. 1921, 29 2006.
187
5o
(1856-1912)
5.1.
1830,

:
. 1870,

(, , 1878)
( 1878
1911)1.
,

2. ,
,
,
3.

4. ,
,

(,
)5.
Levy, The Jews of the Ottoman Empire, .. . 101-102.

, . 110.
3
Karpat, Jewish Population Movements, .. . 410.
4
Levy, The Jews of the Ottoman, .. . 115.
5
Esther Benbassa Aron Rodrigue,
,
, . Benbassa and Rodrigue, Sephardi
Jewry, .. . 81.
2
188
,

. 18 .
,
.
, ,
(dhimmi)6.
(1839-1876),
.

, ,
7.
19 .,
, ,

8.
, ,
9. ,
,
10. ,
, , (1880)11.
Levy, The Jews of the Ottoman Empire, .. . 93.

, ,
, . Roderic Davison, The Millets as Agents
of Change in the Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Empire Benjamin Braude Bernard Lewis
(.), Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire. The Functioning of a Plural Society, . 1,
1982, . 328.
8

, PRO/FO/295/2, ,
17 1859.
9
,
, PRO/FO/195/2111,
, 23 1901. , PRO/FO/195/1945,
, 8/20
1895. , PRO/FO/195/1665, , 12
1889.
10
,
, .
19 .
, PRO/FO/195/1989, , 10 1897.
11
, , .. . 75.
7
189

,

,
12.

13.
, 20 .,
,
: ,
, , ,
, 14.
, ,
:
. (. ),
15.

.

12

, ,
,
( 15-18 2005), .
(meclis-i idr)
, PRO/FO/195/1945,
, 8/20 1895.
13
, 1884,
, , ,
, PRO/FO/294/13, , 31
1884. 1890, ( )

, . ,
, .. .
14
Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/XXXVE/240 Gumuldjina Barishac Ecoles 1901-1904, ,
28 1901.
15
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IIE/23 M. Franco 1903-1905, ,
1905.
190
16. , ,

17.
,
,
, 18.

19.

, 19 .
.

,
. ,

, ,
20.
,
,
,
.
,
,

: , , ,
Commercial
Company (1894-1895),
16

, 28 1901.
17
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IIE/23 M. Franco 1903-1905, , 12
1905.
18
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IIE/23 M. Franco 1903-1905, , 6 1904.
19
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IIE/23 M. Franco 1903-1905, , 7 1905.
20
Covo, Aperu Historique, .. . 15, 21 , (VLYET)
1318, , , 1999, . 228-235.
191
Herzog21. ,
, ,

.
,
,
. ,
, ,
,
.
19 .,
, (
). ,
,
,
, ,
22. ,
,

23.

:
,
-

.

21
, , .., . , 1999, . 460.

PRO/FO/295/2, , 6
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225

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Hazefirah,
,
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,

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ipso jure
, ,

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17.

18. ,
Hilfsverein,
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19.
16
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, /1913/22/4,
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, ,
/1913/22/4, ,
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Hazefirah (), (1862-1931).
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, , .. . 40.
19
H Hilfsverein der Deutchen Juden 1901

,
226

35 20.

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22.

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21
Archives Isralites, . 74 /N. 6 (6 1913), 42-43.
22
Benbassa and Rodrique, Sephardi Jewry, .. . 95.
23
Benbassa and Rodrigue, A Sephardi Life, .. . 218.
24
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28
. Prague, Encore la Question de Salonique , Archives Isralites, . 74 /N4 (23 1913)
25-26. , Epoca ,

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Communaut et comit scolaire 1905-1913, , 9
1913.
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1912-1914, , 2 1913.
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Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IIE/29 Zcharia Menachem 1912-1914,
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55
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Universelle -Sionisme 1891-1914, . Sionisme 1909-1914,
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Isralite-Sionisme 1891-1914, . Sionisme 1909-1914, , 17
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1977, . 108.
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59
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61
, Les vnements d Orient, Archives Isralites, . 74 /N. 30 (24 1913) 235-236.
62
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Communaut d Serrs, Archives Isralites, . 74 /N 33 (14 1913) 259-260.
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letzten Volkszhlungen in der Schweiz, Bosnien und Herzegowina und Griechenland, Zeitschrift fr
Demographie Statistik der Juden, 6 ( 1911) 95.
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Entry into the First World War: A Diplomatic Study, 1913-1915, PhD.,
1976, . 170.
45
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1914. , Arch. de lAIU/Bulgarie/XXXVE/240
Gumuldjina Melle Benbassat Ecoles 1912-1915, , 1
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1914.
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Petsalis-Diomidis, Greece at the Paris, .. . 154. . Dimitri Kitsikis,
Le Rle des Experts la Confrence de la Paix de 1919. Gestation d une technokratie en politique
internationale, 1972, . 35-44.
101
Petsalis-Diomidis, Greece at the Paris, .. . 162-163.
98
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National Archives
Attitude of Bulgarians and Greeks Towards Jews Compared: Enclosing Cutting from
Hebrew Paper El Liberal. , ,

(1916-1918), NARA/RG 59/M.1207/r.5,
Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Bulgaria, 1910-1944,
, 15 1919.
105

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,
.

(purement) .

,

108.

, ,
,
. 1917
,
109. ,
srael, 15/28
108
//1919/2,
, 2/15 1919.
109
//1919/2, , 9/22
1919.

:

.

, //1919/1,
, , 17/30 1919.
275
1919,

,

, :

,

110;
, , ,

. , ,

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1915.

.
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110
//1919/2,
Israel 15/28 1919.
276
7.6. :
(1919-1922)
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, 1919,
111. ,
,
.
,

112.
,

113.
,
,
114. ,
1/14 1919.
, ,
, .
, 14/27 1919,

,
115. 16/29
111

, . 276.
113
. (1875-1943) .
10/23 1919,
,

.

, . Benbassa and Rodrigue, A Sephardi
Life, .. . 282-283.
114
Ilchev, Bulgarian Jews, .. 166.
115
,
, 14-27
1919, 1919, . 46. 1919, , Zora ()

:
112
277
1919, Mir ()
, ,
.

,
(. 9)116.

117. Mir
,
( 1914),
(1918)118.

.
, Washington Post

Greek premier insists on fair treatment for Jews119.

,
.
:
,
, ,
,
,

, //1919/2,
, 29 / 12 1919.
116
//1920/1, 9
, 2/15 1920.
22 / 5 1919.
117
//1920/1, -
, 28 / 13 1920. L
Indpendant ,
//1920/1,
, 8/21 1920.
118
Holden, Bulgarias Entry, .. . 41.
119
//1919/1, Washington Post, 15/28 1919.
278

120.

. ,
, ,
,
.
.
Ikdam

121. ,
Dacia ,

122.
,

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,
.
,
.

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120
//1919/1, , 17/30
1919.
121
//1919/2, , 20
1919, Ikdam (1903-1928), . Karpat, The Politicazation of Islam, ..
. 360.
122
//1919/2, ,
14 1919.
279
.

123.
,

A124.
,
,
125.

,
126.
:
127,
128,
,
129,
130.

, (19 1919)131.
123
Petsalis-Diomidis, Greece at the Paris, .. . 288-289.

Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IIE/19 Jacque Djivr 1918-1920,
, 8 1918.
125
/ /1/1, , 19
1920.
126
, 10/23 1920, .
-, , .. . 35.
127
/ /1/3, , ..
930 21 /6 1920.
128
/ /1/3, .. , .. 930
4/17 1920.
129
/ /1/3, , .. 930 16/29
1920 .. , .. 930 18/31 1920.
130
, 13/26 1920, . , , .. . 48.
131
(1872-1952) ,
1908,
(1918-1919),
,
1920
(1930-1933), , . 13-16.
124
280

, 132.

133. ,
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134. ,
15 ,
135. ,
,

136.
22 /4
1920 .
, ,
,

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,

137.

, Petsalis-Diomidis, Greece at the Paris, .. . 287.
132
, 28 1920, . , , .. . 38.
133
/ /2/1, , 19 /1 1920
26 /8 1920.
134

, / /1/1,
, 18/31 1919.

, , 14/27 1919, .
-, , .. . 70.
135
, 21 1918/ 3 1919, ,
. 75.
136
, 10/23 1920, , . 3738.
137
, 25 / 7 1920, , . 54.
,
(, )
281
, ,

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138. ,
,
,
.
,

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139. 1920,

140.

1913141. ,
,

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142.
,

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, 8 (1990-1991) 175.
138
. , , . .
, 1919, . 291.
139
, 14/27 1919, . , , .. . 72.
140
/ /1/1, ,
18/31 1920.
141
/ /1/1, , 6/19
1919.
142
/ /1/1, , 19
/ 4 1920 , 13/26 1920.
282
:
,
143.
,
, , ,

144.
,

145. ,

.

.

.
(19-24 1920)

. 14/27

,
146.

1920 (..)
147. ,
143
,
1920, -, , .. . 233-234.
144
, . 217.
145

,
, 14/27 1919,
, 1896-1920, .. . , . 127-128.
146
, , ,
1920 48
( ) , .
Bell, Peasants in Power, .. . 189-190.
147
, 1896-1920, .. . 336.
283

:
,
148.
,
(10 1920),
,
, . ,

,
, ,
.
, ,
,
,
.

.

149.
,
150.

151.
,

152.
148
, , .. . 37.
150
Rodrique, Jewish Society and Schooling, .. 270.
151
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IIE/17 M.G. Covo 1901-1902, , 24
1901.
152

, , ,
, , . -
, 1921-1940. ,
. Rodrique, Jewish Society and Schooling, .. 268.
149
284
,
153. ,

154. 20 .

155.

156.
1920,

.
,

157. ,
,
,
158.
,

, . ,
153
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IIE/17 M. Covo 1901-1902, , 15

1902.
154
1913 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IIE/26 Guron Nissim 1905-1908,
, 1 1908.
155
156
1914.
157
1921 ,
,
,
, . - ,
. (1919-1923),
1997, . 96.
158
,
. , 1896-1920, .. . 231.
285

159.

, 1921
, , ,
160. ,
,

161.
, .
,
,
19 ., ,
162.

163. ,
,
164. ,

,
159
//1921/1, , 16
/ 1 1921.
160
AMA/Europe 1918-1929/Grce 69, Questoire religieuse III Religion israelits, Juin 1918-Dec.
1929, , 18
1921.
161
,
, ,
,
. ,
//1921/1, , 24
/ 7 1921.
162
. , ,
, 5 ( 1962) 13.
163
, () , , 9
(1938) 322 , , , 15 (1941) 318-321.
164
, ,
, , 5 (1938/39) 106-107 . ,
, ,
, 6 (1939/40) 278-279 , ,
, , 22 (1957) 288-289.
286
165.

,

,
166.
,

1912.
( , 16/29
1913),

167. ,
.
,

1914 168.
,
. ,

,
,
,
1915
,
169.
1922,
- - (10 1922),
165
. . , , ,
, 3 (1936/37) 114.
166
, , , 7 (1936) 280.
167
, (1913-1915),
, , 1998, . 33-34.
168
, . 69-71.
169
, . 74-96 139-140.
287

170.
, ,
171.

.
1921
,

172. 1922,
,
, ,
, (sic)
,

,
/ ,
173.
,
,
.

.
(. 10)174.
,

170
- , , .. . 144.
, . 143.
172
Pierron, , .. . 204-205.
173
, ,
, 30 /13 1922 ,
,
, 29 / 12 1922.
174
, ,
, 2/15 1922.
171
288
175.

176.

177.

178.

179.

.
- ( 1919)
( 1920),
.
,
.
,
.
,

.
, ,
.
175
, ,
, 5/18 1922.
176
, ,
, , ,
, , ( ).
177
, ,
, 30 /13 1922.
178
, ,
, 29 / 12 1922.
179
, ,
, 2/15 1922.
289

.
290
7.7.
,
1912-1913,
, ,

180. ,
( ) 1913
181.
(),
1913 1915,
, Commercial Company182.
1915, 150 ( 6,5% )
200
183.

,
. ,
, 1913,
184.
1914,
,
185. 1915
, .

180
. Walter Laquer, The History of Zionism, , 2003.

182
, , .. . 120-121. O
.

,
CADN/Ambassade Constantinople/Correspondance avec les Echelles/Srie D/1020/41/Salonique
1902-1914, Carton sans no, Bulletin de L Amicale Association des Ancines lves de L Alliance
Isralite Universelle, IIIme Anne, , . 137-138.
183
CZA/L6/411, , 27 1915.
184
, , .. . 235, 270.
185
CZA/Z3/960, , 23
1914.
181
291

186.

.
,
1899
Commercial Company, Mayer ,
187. ,
,

188. To 1915,
,

:
,
,
.

.

; ;
,
;
.

.
186
CZA/KKL1/49, , 15
1915.
187
1899, . ,
, .. . 229-287. ,
Commercial Company
Mayer, CZA/KKL1/47, , 1 1914.
188

19 ., . Wistrich, Zionism and its Jewish, .. . 55-56.
1913, . ,
, .. . 269.
292

( )
herem ( )

189. , ,
(1913),

.

190.
,

1915191.

,
.
,
192. ,

193.
1915,
,
,
,
194:

189

1913.
191
Rodrigue, Jewish Society, .. . 280.
192
Rodrique, Jewish Society and Schooling, .. . 279-280.
193
Benbassa and Rodrigue, A Sephardi Life, .. . 235.
194

,
31 1917, , . Laquer,
The History of Zionism, .. . 181-205.
190
293

.

195.
1919, ,
,

,
,
196.

197.

,
198. ,
, Comite des dlgation juives auprs de la
Confrence de la Paix
, ,
199. ,

200.
, ,
195

Pierron, , .. . 208-209.
197

1919,
, . , 1896-1920,
.. . 65-66.
198
, , .. . 280.
199
Andr Chouraqui, L Alliance Isralite Universelle et la Renaissance Juive Contemporaine (18601960), 1965, . 227.
200
,
1919,
. Dimitri Kitsikis, Propagande et
Pressions en Politique Internationale. La Grce et ses revendications Confrence de la Paix (19191920), 1963, . 423-436.
196
294

,

201.
, ,
10 11 1919,
, 15
.
202.
,

.

, :
,

203.

(1916-1918)
1918.
,
,
, 1911-1913, .

,
, ,

201
Rena Molho, Venizelos and the Jewish Community of Salonika, 1912-1919, Journal of the
Hellenic Diaspora, vol XIII/Nos. 3-4 (1986) 120.
202
, , .. . 284.
203
//1919/2,
, 2/15 1919.
295
-
, -

204.
205.
,
,
,
, .
,
206.
, ,
.

.
207.
( 1919)
,
.
, ,
208.

,
,

.
204
Pierron, , .. . 208.
//1920/1,
, 22 / 7
1920.
206
,

, . Oscar I. Janowsky, The Jews and Minority
Rights (1898-1919), 1933, . 272-273. ,
, Reichsrat
, . Pauley, From Prejudice, .. . 78.
207
Janowsky, The Jews and Minority, .. . 263-273.
208
, . 343-359.
205
296
,

209.
,

210.
()
,
, Cercle Isralite
211. ,
60 , 18 24 , 20
( 10% ),
, ,
, , ,
,
212.

,
. 1921, ,
,
.
209

,
,
, 300.000, //1919/2, ,
18 / 1 1919.
210
,
,
, . , , .. . 287.
, , . Leon Simon (.), Ahad
Ha-Am. Selected Essays, 2003.
211
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IE/11 Albert Agi, Communaut Isralite 1920-1921, ,
27 1920.
212
19 1921.
297
, ,
, 213.

,
.
, 1921,
,
,
214.
,
,
, ,
215. 1922,

216.

(1912-1922)
(1912-1918),

,
.
(1918-1919), ,
,

. , ,

(national minority). (1919-1922),
213

5 1921.
214
/1922//3, ,
16/29 1921.
215
/1922//3, ,
16/29 1922: , ,
.
216
/1922//3, ,
2/15 1922.
298

217.
,

. ,
, ,

,

. ,

, .
217
Kerem Hayesod ( ) 1920

. , ,

.
, . Benbassa and Rodrigue, A Sephardi Life, .. . 291.
299
8

8.1. (1922-1932)

. ,
,

.
, ,
1.

,
,
, 2.

,
. ,
, ,
,
3.
1
, ,
,
, , (
1922), ,
,
( 3-5 1986), . . , 1988, . 114-115.
2
, 6 1925, . . 387.
3
,
Mavrogordatos, Stillborn Republic, .. Dimitri Pentzopoulos, The Balkan Exchange of Minorities
and its Impact on Greece, 2002 ( 1962) ,
1924-1935. , , 1999, . 231-232 ,
, .. . 38, 53 . ,
300
1928
. ,
93,83%
6,17% 4. (1926),
89% 42%
1913 62% 17% 19135.
,
234.854
1928 (56,8% 1928) 107.607
(35,4%) [ 1 2]6. , 1926,
158.000
20.000 7.

,
,
. ,

1920, 6 19248.
,
1924, ,
, . - (.),
, 1992, . 9-19 ,
1922 .
, ( 11 12 1997),
1999, . 217-229 , ,
, (.), 20
1922-1940, . 1, 2002, . 9-57.
4
Pentzopoulos, The Balkan Exchange, .. . 129.
5
, :
, (.),
, , 1992, . 86.
6
,
15 16 1928.
, 1933, 6, . .
7
121.574
, Stephen Ladas, The exchange of minorities. Bulgaria, Greece and Turkey,
1932, . 438. 36.450
1926 , ,
(1912-1930), 2003, . 145.
, , . 160.
8
, , .. . 63.
301
9.

10.
,
, 1923
1924 11.
,

, ,
, ,
12.

,
,
,
(64% 1930)13.
(20%
),
, ,
,
14
.
1920,

.
1920,

, :
(1920-1930), , 50-51 (1994) 31.
10

, Pentzopoulos, The Balkan Exchange, .. . 32, 83.
11
, . 78 , , .. . 73.
12
, , .. . 9, 17.
13
, , .. . 201 , , .. .
17.
14
, , .. . 198-200.
302

15
. ,

16.
,
.

17. (1923),
(1924),
,
,

18.

1920
,
( )19.
,

20.
, - -
,
. ,
. ,
15

, 2/15 1920, .. 3140.
16
, 27 /10 1920, .. 3135.
17
AMA/Europe 1918-29/Grce 69, Questoire religieuses III, Religion isralites Juin 1918 Dec
1929, , 18 1923.
18

,
, Pierron, , .. . 192.
, 1923,

, AMA/Europe 1918-29/Grce 69, Questoire religieuses III, Religion isralites Juin 1918
Dec 1929, , 18 1923.
19
Mavrogordatos, Stillborn Rebublic, .. . 239.
20
1929, , 22 1923.
303
1915
. ,

.
.

.

: (70,1%
1928), (63,2%), (63,8%)
(45,7%) [ 1 2].
, ,

,
.
,
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1928 (0,32% 1,82% 1,8%
7,5% ). ,

, 1923,
,
21.
,
,

( 24 1925)22.
,
21
, 21 1923, . . 3 , 14 1925, . . 395.

, ,
(1909) (1940), , . , 2003, .
332.
22
304
(1881-1937), ,
23.

.

. ,
24.

,
,
.

25.

,
26.
1920
,
,
27. , 1924
23
, 1 1924, . . 196.
, 29 1924, . . 59 , 29 1929, . . 1784.
25
, 30 1923, . . 11. , :

, , 3 1924,
. . 4321.
26
, [. ]
-, ,
, .. . 232.
27
,
, 30 /13 1920, .. 3137.
, , ( )
, , 3/16 1920,
.. 3141.

24
305
,

,
192028.
,

.
, ,

29. ,

30. ,

31.
, ,
:

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,
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, , 30 /13 1920, .. 3107, , 6/19
1920, .. 3113, , 25 /8 1920, .. 3133.
28
, 17 1924, . . 129.
29
, 4 1924, . . 144 , 13 1930, . . 1914.
30
, , (.),
20 . 1922-1940 , 2003, . 2, . 83.
31
, ,
(.), 20 1922-1940 , 2002, . 1, . 317.
32
, 27 1925, . . 495.
306

, .
,
,

33.
,
.

(1920),

34. , 1923,

35. 1924,
,

36.
, 192437.
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,
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39. ,
, ,
33
, 15 1924, . . 74.
//1920/1, , 20 /2
1920.
35
, 28 1923, . . 36 , 29 1924, . . 59 , 13
1924, . . 153.
36
, , , 13 1924.
37
, 12 1924, . . 180.
38
, 13 1924, . . 153.
39
, , , 28 1924.
34
307
,
. , 1924,
,
(. 11)40.
1925, , ,
,

41.
,
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. 1925 1929,
- -

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, 42.
1925,
,
43.
,
,
44.
40
Pierron, , .. . 189 ,
, , / 1924/ . / . . 191/ 7 1924.
, / 1924/ . / . . 194/ 14
1924. , / 1924/ . / . . 196/ 18
1924.
41
, 8 1925, . . 506.
42
, 2 1925, .. 621.
43
,
,
/ / . 13, , 16 1925, . . 28.
, ,
, .. . 18.
1921 1926, CAHJP/CAV/14,
, 25 1921 CAHJP/CAV/14,
, 3 1927.
1929, CAHJP/CAV/13,
(17 1929, .. 4438).
44
, 25 1925, .. 643.
, , 29 1925, .. 678.
308
,

. ,

(1920),
,
45.

1925,
46.
,
.

,

47. 1925
.
, ,
16 48. ,
6 866
18 808 ,
49.
50.
1929, , ,

51. ()
45
//. 68, ,
7 1925.
46
, , .. . 262.
47
Pierron, , .. . 170.
48
, , .. . 402.
49
, 1925 ,
, 38 (1983) 120.
50
, , .. . 71.
51
, 7 1929, .. 1910.
309
() 52.
,

,
150
53. ,
, ,
(1927)
54. ,

55.
1930

193056.

,
57. ,
,
58.
, ,
52
, 14 1929, .. 3 , 4 1929, .. 6
, 31 1929, .. 1934 , 2 1929, .. 1935 , 29
1929, .. 1932.
54
, 28 1929, .. 1931 , , .. . 98
, , .. . 48.
55
, 6 1929, .. 1066.
,
. . ,
CAHJP/CAV/13, , 8 1930, .. 1269.
56
1933
1937 (
) , CAHJP/CAV/9,
, 28 1933 CAHJP/CAV/9, ,
, 10 1938.
57
45 ()
,
(1922), , , .. . 308.
58
, 7 1925, . . 475. ,
50
, , , , 143 ( 1987) 43-46.
53
310
59. ,
,
60. , ,
1929, ,
61.
1929
,

. ,

. ,

,
1920,
. ()
62. ,
, ,
,
63.
,
, ,
. ,

.

.
59

, , 17 1924, . . 184.
, ,
, 10 1925, . . 478.
60
,
, .
, , 1985, . 443.
,
, , , 19 1932, . . 1867.
61
, 6 1929, . . 1066.
62
/AIEE/1929/1, Jewish Chronicle, Anti-semitism in the Greek Army, 18 1929.
63
(.), .
, 2000, . 172.
311

.
,

.
, ,
, ,
, . ,
,
.
,

, .
. ,
, ,
.
312
1

( 1928)
1000

1922

1922
1922
1922
182.710
81.724
12.206
69.518
447,29
66,81
380,48
73.403
33.587
3.959
29.628
457,57
53,94
403,63
38.393
14.674
2.391
12.283
382,21
62,28
319,93
32.074
10.611
2.104
8.507
330,83
65,60
265,23
38.840
22.852
3.752
19.100
588,36
96,60
491,76
111.572
78.438
12.326
66.112
703,03
110,48
592,55
98.408
69.061
11.721
57.340
701,78
119,10
582,68
13.164
9.377
605
8.772
712,32
45,96
666,36
119.140
74.692
5.400
69.292
626,93
45,33
581,60
61.006
38.594
3.318
35.276
632,63
54,39
578,24
11.573
1.203
68
1.135
103,95
5,88
98,07
20.546
18.528
341
18.187
901,78
16,60
885,18
26.015
16.367
1.673
14.694
629,14
64,31
564,83
413.422
234.854
29.932
204.922
568,07
72,40
495,67
: - ,
15 16 1928.
, 1933, . .
313
2

( 1928)

1000

1922
1922
1922
1922
180.441
59.778
6.452
53.326
331,29
35,76
295,53
89.266
33.388
3.222
30.166
374,03
36,10
337,93
69.697
20.707
2.790
17.917
297,10
40,03
257,07
21.478
5.683
440
5.243
264,60
20,49
244,11
122.730
47.829
4.891
42.938
389,71
39,85
349,86
25.632
16.365
1.447
14.918
638,46
56,45
582,01
37.718
9.208
1.173
8.035
244,13
31,10
213,03
34.277
14.188
1.180
13.008
413.92
31,42
379,50
21.237
7.876
991
6.885
370,86
46,66
324,20
3.866
192
100
92
49,66
25,86
23,80
303.171
107.607
11.343
96.264
354,94
37,41
317,52
: ,
, .. . .
314
8.1.2.

.
64.
,
,
. ,
,

.
,

-.
(
1924)65,
: M
66, , 67.
1924,
, ,
68. ,
1922,

64
, . Arendt, Eichmann in Jerusalem, .. . 185 Plaut, Greek Jewry, .. . 34 Pierron,

, .. . 202 Bea Lewkowicz, The Jewish Community of Salonika. History,
Memory, Identity, 2006, . 110.
65
1924, . Ladas, The exchange of minorities, .. . 427. ,
, 8.500
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66
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1923. .

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18 1923. Cercle Isralite 1923
, Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IE/11 Albert Agi, Communaut Isralite 19201921, , 10 1924.
71
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72
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73
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1923. , ,
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lAIU/Grce/IE/11 Albert Agi, Communaut Isralite 1922-1926, , 21
1924.
108
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1926,
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Cavalla M. Bassat 1922-1926, E , 29 1926. 1929,

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323
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,

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114
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113
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1925,
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116
, 28 1925, . . 496. 1924 1925
3.000
, . I.K. Hassiotis, Armenians,
Richard Clogg (.), Minorities in Greece. Aspects of a Plural Society, 2002, . 96.
117
//. 68, , 7
1925.
118
, 17 1925, . . 367.
119
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328

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134
, , .. . 175-176.
135
, , .. . 20.
136
27 1923 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IE/11 Albert Agi, Communaut Isralite
1922-1926, , 29 1924 Rodrigue, Jewish Society, .. . 280.
137
Arch. de lAIU/Grce//5 ,
7 1927.
330

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lAIU/Grce/IE/11 Albert Agi, Communaut Isralite 1922-1926, , 14
1924 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IE/11 Albert Agi, Communaut Isralite 1922-1926,
, 29 1924.
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1922-1923, ,
7 8 , Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IE/11 Albert
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, 7 , 7 , 8
10 , Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IE/11 Albert Agi, Communaut Isralite 1920-1921,
, 1 1923, . Rodrigue, Jewish Society, .. . 280.
141
7 1923.
142
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/XXIE/269 Mlle Bouskela 1924-1929, , 6
1925.
143
18 1923 Arch. de lAIU/Grce/XXIE/269 Mlle Bouskela 1924-1929,
, 6 1925.
144
29 1924.
332
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1925 ,
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145

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Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IIB/12 Drama 1919-1925,
, 22 1925.
148
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149
Arch. de lAIU/Grce//5, , 7 1927.
150
, 22 1925, .. 403 , 24 1925, .. 405.
151
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154
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IIE/24 Mlle Graziani 1925,
, 6 1925.
155
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/II/11 Communaut 1919-1932,
, 23 1926.
156
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/II/11 Communaut 1919-1932, ,
9 1928. 1920 1/3
, , 24 1924, . . 216.
157
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1999, . 136.
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1925-1929160. ,
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(6.8.1924) ,
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(1926),
,

163. ,

164.
158
, , .. . 44.
125.000 . 700.000 .
, Arch. de lAIU/Grce/XXIE/279b Elizer Mitrani 1918-1932, , 17
1932. (1924)
, ,
/1924/ /37, ,
25 1924.
159
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1930 //1930/2, , 8
1930.
161
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, .. . 144-146.
162
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163
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164
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335
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1920,
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1928 ()
166.
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1930.
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167
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. , 6
1928.
168
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, 7 1928.
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11 1928 /AIEE/1928/1,
336
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1931, 4862,
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1930-1931172. ,

1928-1932.
,

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171
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172
1932.
173
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337
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1920,

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7 10 179.
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CADN/Ambassade de France Athnes/Srie B 1920-1957, numro du Carton 104, Cote E49,

Ecole des Lazaristes Cavalla 1928-1952,
, 7 1929. 1929-1930,
,
, , 25 1930, . . 1335.
175
, 5 1929, . . 1821 , 26 1930, . . 1387.
176
, 27 1930, . . 1388.
177
CADN/Ambassade de France Athnes/Srie B 1920-1957, numro du Carton 104, Cote E49,
, 25 1931.
178
1932.
179
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, 10 1931.
338
.
180.
1932-1933,

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1932, .
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8.1.5.

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182

,
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184.
182
Pro Isral
, / / . 13,
Pro Isral, 1/14 1922, . . 6.
, Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IE/11 Albert Agi,
Communaut Isralite 1922-1926, , 27 1923. ,
, 1921-1923, Arch.
de lAIU/Grce/IE/11 Albert Agi, Communaut Isralite 1922-1926, , 9
1924.
183
(.
) , , 21 1923, . . 30.

, , 19 1924, . . 159.
, . Rivlin, Mutual-Aid
societies, .. . 99. , , 11 1931, . .
1629.
184
, 25 1925, . . 375 , 26 1925, . . 376 , 31
1925, . . 439.
340

,
185. , ,

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186.
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(1897)
(1917)187.

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188.

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.

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.
185
, , 3
1929, . . 1847.
186
, 10 1932, . . 1937.
187
Wistrich, Zionism and Its Jewish, .. . 60.
188
, . 59.
341

Ostjuden. ,

,

Ostjuden189.
,

190.

. (19181950),
191. , ,

, 20,
.
192.
1917
, 1918,
193.
, 1929
, Ostjuden
194.
(, , , )
,
189
, . 60, Pauley, From Prejudice, .. . 222-224.

150.000 ,
1881 1914,
1917-1925, . Geoffrey Alderman, English Jews or Jews of the English
Persuasion? Reflections on the Emancipation of Anglo-Jewry, Birnbaum Katznelson (.),
Paths of Emancipation, . 141, 155.
191
Stuart Woolf, , , 1995, . 56.
192
Hobsbawm, , .. . 201.
193
Brustein, Roots of Hate, .. . 285, 291, 300.
194
, . 339.
190
342
,
195.

.

196.
,
197.
, ,
20 30, .
Ostjuden198.

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199.
(1924),
-,
,
200.
,
,
201.
,

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,
195
, . 348.
197
. 61.
198
1932 1936
Israelitische Kultusgemeinde Wien, ,
1888, Pauley, From Prejudice, .. . 227-229.
199
200
. 93-98.
201
, ,
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, .. . 139.
196
343
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(1925),
(1923)
(1924)203.
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204.
, ,

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,

202
1922 ,
, , .. . 232.
203
( )
1922 ( ) 1924
, , , .. . 144.
, , 9
1925, . . 448. , . ,
, .. . 211. , Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IE/11 Albert Agi, Communaut
Isralite 1922-1926, , 10 1924.
204
CZA/KKL5/420, Keren Kayemeth Leisrael, 24 1926.
205
206
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344
207.

208.

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(1924),

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, 45 , ,
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(1926),

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, . 215-226.
, 19 1932.
208
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1927.
209
29 1924.
210
345
211. ,
(19131),
212.
1927-1928 ,
, , 213.
,
(1930-1931)214. (1930)
(1934) ,
215.

,
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216.
,
, .
,
.

211
- (.), , .. . 184-185.
Kadima, (1899).
El Avenir 1897, 1930-1933
. 1933
-, . Rena Molho, The Zionist Movement in Thessaloniki, 1899-1919,
Ioannis Hasiotis (.), The Jewish Communities of Southeastern Europe from the fifteenth
century to the end of World War II, ( 30 3
1992), 1997, . 329.
212
- (.), , .. . 235.
213
1927, .
, , .. . 79. , . -
(.), , .. . 190.
214
1931, , 17 1931, . .
1579. . , , .. . 82 , ,
1959, . 46.
215
1930
,
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, 15 1935. ,
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(1923),
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, .. . 192.
346
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218. ,
219.

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221. ,
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7 1923.
218
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/XXIE/279 , 17 1932.
219
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, 17 1932.
, //1930/2, ,
8 1930.
220
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221
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347
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.

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1929-1933, . 1934-1935
, . ,
, .. 213. ,
, Arik Bachar, 6 2005.
, Commercial Company,

, /, . Juda et Semtov Perahia, .
224
348
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(1929-1933)
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1928 , ,

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(1928-1930),

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1931, . . 1645.
227
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228
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1928-1932. , 2002, .
13-14.
349
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230
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1928-1932: ,
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231
, , .. . 20 , , .. .
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, ,

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, , 7 1931, . . 6817, , 13 1931, . . 6823,
, 15 1931, . . 6825 18 1931, . . 6828.
232
Pentzopoulos, The Balkan Exchange, .. . 192 ,
. , 1999, . 171.
233
, 4 1924, . . 173 1928, . ,
, .. . 111.
234
, 31 1930, . . 1314.
350
235. 40%
1930
236. , 1931,

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20 1931

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, ,

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, 27 1931, . . 1594 , 24 1931, . . 2.
238
,

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239
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240
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1931, . . 6805 , . ,
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1998, . 69-75, (.), , .. . 197-210.
241

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, , 16 1932, . . 8.
236
351
242.
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.

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242
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, , 24 1931, . . 423.
, , 30 1931, .. 1645.
243
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.. 1647. 1922/23,
, 15 1924, . . 183. 1923
, -, . 14, . 2622.
1924 , , , 13
1924, . . 153. ,
1923, , 5 1923,
. . 15.
244
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245
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352
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247. ,
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246
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, 1 1931, . . 6811.
248
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249
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250
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.
251
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,
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.
247
353
252.

(1931-1932), .
(1932)253.
254. ,

255.
256.
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.
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.
,
.
,
258. ,
,
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252
, 17 1931, .. 1608 , 13 1931, . . 1734.

, , 30 1931, .. 1645. ,
,
1932
, , 25 1932, .. 2055.
, , 2 1932, .. 1879. ,
,
, , .
254
, , 26 1931, . . 1593,
, , 10 1931, . . 1553.
255
, 2 1931, . . 9.
256
, 26 1931, . . 1645.
257
, 19 1930, . . 1279.
258
, 21 1932, . . 1895.
.
.
259
, 27 1932, . . 1900.
253
354
,
, ,

260.
,
261.
,
,

262. Commercial Company ,
, ,
.
, ,
,
263.

, ,
Commercial Company264.
,
Reemtsma Commercial Company
,

265.
260
, 22 1930, . . 1384 , 20 1932, . . 2078

, , 31 1933, . . 2137.
261
, 27 1930, . . 1492.
262
1932
, ,
18 1932, . . 1866 , 19 1932, . . 1867.
.

, , 22 1932, . . 1869.
, , 21 1932, . . 1999.
263
, .
, 2005, . 131-132.
264
, 3 1932, . . 2009.
265
, 4 1931, . . 1623. 1932, ,
5.000 200 .
, , 7 1932, . . 1908. ,
355
.

1930266.
Commercial Company ,
,
267.
,

,
268.
1932,
269.
,
,
,
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1316 , 26 1930, . . 1440. , , 29 1930, . . 1312.
266
, 22 1930, . . 1358.
267
1930 , ,
1 1930, . . 1237. 1932

, , 16 1932, . . 1942.
1930,
.., , 24
1931, . . 1515. . .. 1933, , 14
1933, . . 2123. 1936, , ..
, , , 20
1936, . . 133.
268
, .
, , 16 1930, . . 1483 17 1930, . . 1484.
Spierer , , 5 1931, . . 1575.
,
,
, , ,
, , 26 1932,
. . 2003. , .
1000 ,
, 22 1932, . . 2053.
, , 23
1932, . . 2080. , , 17 1933, . . 2152.
269
,
, , 26 1932, . .
1899. , . ,
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. , , 10 1932, . . 1937.
356
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,
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,

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273.
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, 1932,
275.
1932
,
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270
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25 1932, 1933, . 55. 9 1935,
,
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, 9 1935,
1935, . 71.
271
, , 16 1932, . . 2019.
1931
, , 27 1931, .. 4.
.
26.3.1934, , 27 1934, .. 3559. 1932,
101 , 76 235.
125 , , 2 1932, . . 2037.
272
, 21 1932, . . 1899.
273
, 22 1932, . . 2053.
274
, 23 1932, . . 2054.
275
, 7 1932, . . 1934.
357
276. ,
500 277.
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278. ,

Commercial Company
,
279.
Commercial Company
280. 1933,
,
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281. ,

282.

1932 , (
), .
, ,
,
283.
,
[. ] .

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1932:
276
, 12 1932, . . 1861.
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278
, 31 1932, . . 1981.
279
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280
, 12 1932, . . 2071.
281
, 21 1933, . . 2128 , 27 1933, . . 2134.
282
, 11 1933, . . 2147.
283
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277
358
,

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284.

,

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,

286.
,
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1932,

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.

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284
, 24 1932, . . 2001.
, 10 1932, . . 2069.
286
//1932/2,
, 19 1932.
, .

, , 8 1933, . . 2118.
285
359

.
360
8.3. 4 :

8.3.1. (1932-1935)
(1922-1932)
1920.

1933 1935287. ,

288.
,
(1930)
289.
,
, , .
,

1932-1933290.

,
1920
291.
1922
(2.7.1933)292.
,
287
Mavrogordatos, Stillborn Rebublic, .. . 44 , ,

.. . 184.
288
Mavrogordatos, Stillborn Rebublic, .. . 40-41.
289
- , 10.6.1930,

425.000 , , , .. . 214.
, . Pentzopoulos, The Balkan Exchange,
.. 2002, . 192, Mavrogordatos, Stillborn Rebublic, .. . 185.
290
, , .. . 27.
291
292
, , .. . 28.
361
.
,
293. , ,
,
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,
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.
, ,
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295. ,
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296.
, 1933
1935,
. ,
,
297.
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298. ,
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299.
1923,
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293

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295
296
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297
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298
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299
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294
362
1922-1932.

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(1933),
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301.

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302.
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300
/1933/. / .. 194, 15 1933,

, 26 1933.
301
, 7 1932, . . 2040 , 19 1932, . . 2077 , 4
1932, . . 2090. , /, .
1926-1941, , 25
1933, .
302
, , .. . 29.
363
,
303.

1933
1934. ,
,

304.

305. ,

.
1934
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. ,

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306.
307.
,

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303
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IIIC/56 Salonique, , 25 1934.

, , .. 176.
305
M, , .. .
306
. , .
, 1998, . 115.
307
CAHJP/CAV/9, ,
20 1934.
304
364
308.
, 309.

.

.
.
,
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, 1933,
310. ,
,

311. , , :
-312. ,
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313. ,
, 1929,

314. ,

(1936;), ,
315.
1934,

308
, 8 1934, . . 154.
, 13 1934, . . 159 , 14 1934, . . 160.
310
, 8 1934, . . 3487.
311
, 27 1934, .. 3506.
312
, 3 1934, .. 5511.
313
, 9 1934, .. 5516.
314
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1934, .. 5522.
315
, 16 1934, .. 5522. , . ,
, .. . 35.
309
365
316.

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317:
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,
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319.
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320.
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1934,
. ,
316
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317
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, , 12 1934, . . 8690.

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318
, 17 (7
, 9 ) 7 .
, 500

() , , 25 1934,
. . 8702.
319
, 15 1934, . . 8748.
320
, 9 1934, . . 8770.
366

321.

(
)
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322.

.

,

323.
,

.

, 1925324.

: .
-
325.

326.

. ,
321
, 30 1934, . . 273.
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IIIC/56 Salonique,
, 8 1934.
323
//1934/1, , 24
1934.
324
Pierron, , .. . 247.
325
, 20 1934, . . 8840.
326
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322
367

327.

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328.

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,

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329:

330. ,

, - -
331.
327
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IIIC/56 Salonique, Exode mementan des Juifs Turcs,

, 6 1934.
328
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IIIC/56 Salonique, , 25 1934.
329
, , 20 1934, . . 8724.
,
2 , , 1
1934, . . 8764.
330
//1934/1,
, 24 1934.
331
Bla Rsky, Plagiierte Hllendialoge. Die Flschungs- und Wirkungsgeschichte der Protokolle
der Weisen von Zion Elisabeth Klamper (.), Die Macht der Bilder. Antisemitische Vorurteile
und Mythen, 1995, . 264-271.
368
,
332.

.
,
333.
,
, , , ,

334. , 1934,

335.
, ,
,
, ,
336. 1934
( 77 ) 337.
, ,
332
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IIIC/56 Salonique Jos. Nehama Propos antijuifs tenus par un colonel de
larme grecque, ,
4 1935.
333
Mavrogordatos, Stillborn Rebublic, .. . 307. ,
,
. ,
, , ,
10 1934, .. 294.
334
Leni Yahil, The Holocaust. The Fate of European Jewry, - 1991, . 34-43.
, . Benbassa, The Jews of France, .. .
154.
335
, 14 1934, . . 8692, ,
( ).
: , 13 1934, . . 8691,
. , , 26
1934, . . 8703, , , 16 1934,
. . 8721, , , 6 1934, .
. 8741,
, , 29 1934, . . 8762, ,
.
336
, 16 1934, .. 3548.
30 , ,
. 1941-1944,
2006, . 57-73.
337
, 21 1934, .. 3526.
369
338.
-,

339. ,
:

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.

,

340.

1933,

341.
1932,
, ,
1933342. 1934,

343. , ,

344.
,
(1935) ,
338
, 19 1934, .. 3551.
, 27 1934, .. 3559 , 12 1934, .. 3602.
340
, 20 1934, .. 334.
341
, , .. . 183.
342
, 31 1934, . . 146.
343
, 22 1934, . . 137.
344
, 27 1934, . . 194.
339
370
1931,
(1936)345.

.
,
,
. ,
,
1931-1932,
, , .

,
, ,
346.
, ,
,
.
345
, , ,
1929-1935 1935
1974, 1977, . 64. ,
1935,

1935, Pierron, , .. . 249. ,
. , . .
,
(1923-1936), . (.), .
, ( 18-22 1994), 1998, . 722.
1946
, 6.666 ,
- - ,
31 1946, 1947, . 59.
, -/ 87/ 1.01,
. .
346
1934,
, , 14 1934, .. 298. ,

1935, CAHJP/CAV/9, , .
371
8.3.2. (1936-1941)
,

,

(1922),

347. 1923,

,
, 348.
1924,
, ,
349.

1923
350.

351. ,
1925.

352.
1926,
, , 4,6% 10.081
347
. , . 1, .., . 782.
, , , 27 1923.
.
349
. , . 1, .. . 808.
350
, , , 26 1923.
351
, , , 27 1923.
352
. , . 1, .. . 419-420.
348
372
,
353.

(1927-1928)
(1933-1935)
.
( 1927)
(
1933)354. ,
,

.
,
233 ,
1936355.

.
(4.8.1936),

356.
,
() 357.
, ,
, 30,

1938. ,
( 1935)

(), ,
353
, , .. . 164. 15,76%
51 , . ,
1923-1940, . , 1977, . 348.
354
, . 360 . , . 205.
355
, , .. . 203.
356
Pierron, , .. . 252.
357
, , .. . 18 Pierron, , .. . 251.
373
( 1940)358.
,
-
(1937)359.
, ,
(1938),
360.
1940,
(1938)361.

362.

363. ,
364.

,
365.

.
(1937)
(1938) 366.
358
Hans-Joachim Hoppe, Bulgarien-Hitlers eigenwilliger Verbndeter, 1979, . 45

Frederick Chary, The Bulgarian Jews and the Final Solution 1940-1944, 1972, . 37.
359
Radu Ioanid, The Holocaust in Romania. The Destruction of Jews and Gypsies Under the Antonescu
Regime, 1940-1944, 2000, . 13.
360
Gerhard Grimm, Albanien, Wolfgang Benz (.), Dimension des Vlkersmord. Die Zahl
der jdischen Opfer des Nationalsozialismus, 1996, . 235.
361
Lucy S. Dawidowicz, The War against the Jews, 1990, . 467.
362
, 4 , , 1988, . 96.
363
, (1936-1940), 1993, . 6870 Pelt, Tobacco, Arms, .. . 14-15.
364
, , .. . 117.
365
, , .. . 115.
366
/1937/. /. . 464/ 15 1937,
, 28 1937 /1938/. / . . 408/
31 1938, , 19
1938 /1938/. /. . 51/ 15 1938,
, 18 1938
/1939/. /. . 271/ 5 1939,
, 24 1939.
374
(1937),
2456/1920
367.
,
1939

368. ,
1320/1938 ( 7
1936) 144
,
369.

, ,
370.
, 1938
, 371. ,
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1937 1940 372. ,
,

(1938)373. ,
,
(1938)
(1937),
367
/1937/. /. . 399/ 13 1937,

, 3 1937.
368
/1939/. / . . 81/ 28 1939,
, 30 1939.
369
/1938/. / . . 306/ 3 1938, . . 1320,
7 1936
144 , 12 1938.
370
, 4 , .. . 67-80.
371
/1938/. / . . 322/ 12 1938,
15 , 1 1938.
372
CAHJP/CAV/18, , 18
1937 CAHJP/COM/23, , 4
1940.
373
CAHJP/COM/23,
, 2 1938.
. , . Plaut, Greek Jewry, .. . 52.
375
374. , ,
, 375.
,

.

376.
, ,
.
,
. , 46.000
,
, 377.

.
1936,

378.

; ,
(1938),
:

379.
, .
1934:
374
CAHJP/COM/13, ,
15 1938 CAHJP/XAN/6, ,
29 1937.
375
, 4 , .. . 161.
376
, ,
, 7 (1994) 71.
377
, . 54.
378
, . 46.
379
Arch. de lAIU/Grce/IIB/11 Dmotica, Communaut 1933-1939,
, 4 1938.
376
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380.
,
(1936),
, ,
381.
,
382. , ,
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,
383. ,
,
,
384.
, , ,
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, 385.
,

. 132/1936,
386.
380
, 7 1934, . . 8654.
/1936/. / . . 419, 25 1936, . .
132/1936
, 7
1936.
382
, , .. . 347.
383

, , CAHJP/COM/23,
, 20 1939.
384
, .
, 2002, . 166 , , .. . 32.
385
CAHJP/COM/23, , 20
1939.
386
/1936/. / . . 419, 25 1936, . .
132/1936
381
377
248/1936,

. 3,
,

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14 11
. ,
, , 6
387.
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,

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388.
,

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,
(1937-1939). ,
,
,
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1936.
387
/1936/. / . . 460/ 17 1936, . .
248/1936 .,
12 1936, . Pierron, , .. . 183.
388
/1937/. / . . 258/ 6 1937, .
, 1 1937.
378
(1939)389. , 4

390. ,

, 391.

1940.
1928 1940,
. 212
447 1928 (659 4,49%
) 2.055 1.589
1940 (3.644 66,95%). ,

,
392.
,
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( 3 4).
3

1928 1940
1928 1940 1928 1940 1928

1940
1928 1940
533
120
664
171
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560 3.233
851
50
413
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609
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212
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583
533
697
780
2.165
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2.906
: - ,
15 16 1928.
389
/1939/. / . . 298/ 24 1939,

,
14 1939.
390
, , .. . 46.
391
, , .. . 170-173.
392
CAHJP/COM/23, , 14 1937.
379
23 1928 . ,
, , 1935, . 265-266, 267-268, 270 -/ 215/
53.01/ . 98, . 1940.
4

1928
1940
1928
1940
1928
1940
1928
1940
1.888
546
1.010
402
2.898
577
45
906
402
683
447
1.589
1.933
1.452
1.412
1.085
3.345
2.166
: - ,
, .. . 280-281 -/ 215/ 53.01/ . 98, .
1940.
,

.
(
)393. , ,
1.000.000 394.

395.
, , ,

, , 396. ,
1939,

397.
393
YVA/03/2990, .
, 4 , .. . 169.
395
1941, . -,
, 1936-1946 ,
(.), 36-49. . , 2003, . 150165.
396
,
, . Bowman,
Germans and Jews, .. . 79.
397
. , 1936-1941, . (1939-1941), 1969, . 10-11.
394
380
,

398.

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400.

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400
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401
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, 25 1938.
399
381
403.
1880
1920404. ,
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. . ,
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406
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407
, , .. . 111.
408
,
1938,
. :
, ,
. , ,
, . . , . , . 321.
409
. , 1935-1941.
, 1985, . 305-306.
383
(1839-1876),

, .
,
(Francos)
,
19 ., .

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.
1890,
, Francos

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:

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1929,
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1912-1913.
,
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394
Summary
This dissertation has as its purpose to examine the particular characteristics of
the evolution of the Jewish communities and the complexity of relations among
Christians, Jews, and Moslems in Eastern Macedonia and Thrace form the period of
the Ottoman Reforms (Tanzimat) to the beginning of the Second World War. Its
research focuses on the leadership of the communities that were members of a small
Jewish elite and undertook during the second half of the 19th century and the
beginning of the 20th century to organize the communities, to integrate within them a
part of the experience of their co-religionists in Europe and in the large Jewish centers
of Thessaloniki and Adrianople. During the transition from the regime of the Ottoman
Empire to that of the Balkan nation-states, new developments brought changes and
challenges the internal and external relations of the communities from the Balkan
Wars until the Interwar Period.
425
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Guerres balkaniques - Dossier gnral 1913.
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Dec 1929.
Srie Correspondance Consulaire et Commerciale, 1793-1901 Andrinople : tome II
(1875-1889), tome III (1890-1901).
Centre des Archives Diplomatiques de Nantes (CADN)
Fond Salonique Consulat, Srie B, Carton 11, Agence Consulaire Cavalla 1876-1906.
Fond Salonique Consulat, Srie B, Carton 12, Agence Consulaire Cavalla 1910-1919.
Ambassade de France Athnes Srie A (1806-1927), carton 288, Isralites de
Salonique, Dossier Guerre Turco Balkanique 1913.
Ambassade de France Athnes Srie B 1920-1957, Carton 71, cote D13.
Ambassade de France Athnes Srie B 1920-1957, numro du Carton 104, Cote E49,
Ecole des Lazaristes Cavalla 1928-1952.
mbassade de France en Turquie, Srie D, Correspondance avec les chelles (18871895), Carton 15.
Ambassade Constantinople, Correspondance avec les Echelles, Srie D,
1020/41/Salonique 1902-1914, Carton sans no.
Ambassade Constantinople, Srie E/712/175 Isralites en Turquie, Alliance Isralite
Universelle -Sionisme (1891-1914), Dossier Sionisme 1909-1914.

National Archives and Records Administration (NARA)
RG 59, M.1207, roll 5, Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of
Bulgaria, 1910-1944.
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM)
RG 46009M/ Fond 1/ op.1/ folder 13, Selected Records from Archives of the Ministry of
the Interior of Bulgaria 1939-1946.
Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People (CAHJP)

Greece
(CAV)
. 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 13, 14, 18.
(COM)
. 13, 23, 41, 45.
(XAN)
. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.
426
Central Zionist Archives (CZA)

Greece
. KKL5/420, L6/411.
Yad Vashem Archives (YVA)
. 03/2990

Public Record Office Foreign Office (PRO/FO)
195 Embassy and Consulates, Turkey (formerly Ottoman Empire):
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294 Consulate, Salonica, Ottoman Empire: General Correspondence:
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295 Consulate, Salonica, Ottoman Empire: . 2.
()
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427
290, AEE . 21.6 .
342/ 1.3, (1934).
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Bulgarie
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XCIVE Ddagatch 1898-1906.
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428
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