SEISMIC RETROFITTING

OF CONCRETE
BUILDINGS

GUIDED BY

PRESENTED BY
AMBILI RAVI,
LECTURER,
DEPT. OF CIVIL

ENGG,
SNGCE.

ANU
THAMPY,
SEM -7,
ROLL NO-9,
SNGCE.

INTRODUCTION

EARTHQUAKES

EARTHQUAKE GENERATION
3

SEISMIC RETROFITTING

NEED FOR RETROFITTING

BUILDING DEFICIENCIES

STEPS TAKEN PRIOR TO RETROFITTING

NEED FOR RETROFITTING

\

MAKES BUILDING SAFER AND LESS PRONE TO DAMAGE

CONSTUCTION TECHNIQUES ARE IMPROVED

DURABILITY AND AESTHETIC APPEARANCE ARE REDUCED

AFTER DAMAGE

DEMANDS ON EXISTING STRUCTURES ARE INCREASING

UNEXPECTED EXTRA LOADS ARE TO BE CARRIED

MAKES IMPROVEMENTS TO AN EXISTING BUILDING

BUILDING DEFICIENCIES

PLAN IRREGULARITIES.

. VERTICAL

IRREGULARITIES

PLAN IRREGULARITY

Torsional irregularity due to plan asymmetry and

eccentric mass from water tank.
Re-entrant corners in U-,L- and T-shaped building.
Diaphragm discontinuity due to openings or
staggered floors along with absence of collector
elements.
Out-of-plane offset for floating columns along
perimeter.
Nonparallel lateral load resisting systems.
7

VERTICAL IRREGULARITIES

Stiffness irregularity , extreme soft storey due to

open ground storey.
Mass irregularity.
Vertical geometric irregularity from set-back towers.
In-plane discontinuity for floating columns along
perimeter.
Weak storey for open ground storey.

VARIOUS STEPS TAKEN PRIOR TO

RETROFITTING
i.

SCREENING

ii.

EVALUVATION

iii.

RETROFIT

TRADITIONAL APPROACHES
TO SEISMIC RETROFITTING

10

INNOVATIVE
APPROACHES TO SEISMIC
RETROFITTING

STIFFNESS REDUCTION.

DUCTILITY INCREASE.

DAMAGE CONTROL STRUCTURES.

ACTIVE CONTROL.

11

STIFFNESS REDUCTION BY THE

PRINCIPLE OF SPRINGS IN
SERIES

12

Seismic Isolator Placement Alternates

13

LEAD RUBBER BEARING

(Top Mounting
Plate Not Shown)

Cover
Rubber
Bottom Mounting
Plate

Energy
Dissipation
Core

Internal Rubber
Layers
Steel Reinforcing
Plate

It is made from layers of rubber sandwiched together with layers of steel.

The bearing is very stiff and strong in the vertical direction but flexible in the
horizontal direction.
14

BUILDING WITHOUT
BASE ISOLATION

WORKING OF BASE
ISOLATION
SYSTEMS
(BUILDING WITH
BASE ISOLATION)

15

DAMAGE CONTROLLED STRUCTURE

16

X-BRACED FRICTION DAMPER

17

CFRP APPLICATION ON A COLUMN

18

CONCLUSION
Makes buildings more resistant to earthquakes.
Retrofit techniques are applicable for other natural hazards.
Give safety to the occupants.
Cost effective.
Still, no such a technique is completely earthquake proof.
Challenging to select a technique.

19

REFERENCE
Giuseppe Oliveto, Massime Marletta,(2005), Seismic
Retrofitting of Reinforced Concrete Buildings using
Traditional and Innovative Techniques, ISET Journal of
Earthquake Technology, 454, pp 21-46.
Steven.L.Kramer,(2000),
Geotechnical
Earthquake
Engineering, En., Academic Press, New York, 1988.
www.wikipedia.org
www.seismicsafety.com
www.cal-quake.com
20

THANK
YOU
21