September 2011

GII BI TP TRONG CC THI I HC T NM 2007 N NM 2011

KHI A-2007 M 182

Gii
Ta c:
mbnh tng = mX = 6,7 gam
nX = 0,2 mol
n Br2 phn ng = 0,35
nX < n Br2 < 2nX X chc chn c 1 ankin, hirocacbon cn li c th l anken hoc ankan.
TH1: X gm 1 anken (a mol) + 1 ankin (b mol)
Cn H 2n

Br2 Cn H 2n Br2

a
a
Cn' H 2n'-2 + 2Br2 Cn' H 2n'-2 Br4
b

2b

a + b = 0,2
a = 0,05

Ta c:
a + 2b = 0.35 b = 0,15
mX = 6,7 gam 14na + (14n'-2)b = 6,7
0,7n + 2,1n' = 7 n + 3n' = 10
Chn n = 4 v n = 2 (X): C2H2 + C4H8
TH2: loi

Gii
HNO3
2FeS2
Fe 2 (SO 4 )3

0,12

0,06

HNO3
Cu 2S
2CuSO 4

2a

Theo nh lut bo ton nguyn t: nSO2- = nS = 0,24 + a

4

Theo nh lut bo ton in tch:

3n Fe3+ + 2n Cu 2+ = 2nSO2- = 3.0,12 + 2.2a = 2.(0,24 + a)
4

a = 0, 06 mol

Trang 1
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

Gii
Cng thc amin n chc: CxHyN
n N2 = 0,0625 n Cx Hy N = 2n N2 = 0,125
n CO2 = 0,0625 s C =

n CO2
nX

=2

Lu :
A. t chy hp cht hu c CxHy hoc CxHyOz (khng cha N):
1. Ankan hay hp cht c lin kt n:
CnH2n + 2 + O2 nCO2 + (n + 1)H2O

n CO2 < n H2O

n H2O - n CO2 = n Cn H2n+2

2. Anken hay hp cht c 1 lin kt (1 vng):
CnH2n + O2 nCO2 + nH2O
n CO2 = n H2O
3. Ankin ankaien hay hp cht c 2 lin kt :
CnH2n 2 + O2 nCO2 + (n 1)H2O

n CO2 > n H2O

n CO2 - n H2O = n Cn H2n-2

4. Hp cht c 3 lin kt :
CnH2n 4 + O2 nCO2 + (n 2)H2O

n CO2 > n H2O

n CO2 - n H2O = 2n Cn H2n-4

5. Hp cht c 4 lin kt (aren):
CnH2n 6 + O2 nCO2 + (n 3)H2O

n CO2 > n H2O

n CO2 - n H2O = 3n Cn H2n-6

B. t chy hp cht hu c CxHyNt hoc CxHyOzNt:
1. Amin n chc no:
3
CnH2n + 3N + O2 nCO2 + (n + )H2O + N2
2

n CO2 < n H2O

n H2O - n CO2 = 1,5n Cn H2n+3 N

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LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

2. Amin n chc khng no c 1 lin kt :

CnH2n + 1N + O2 nCO2 + (n +

1
)H2O + N2
2

n CO2 < n H2O

n H2O - n CO2 = 0,5n Cn H2n+1N

3. Amin n chc khng no c 2 lin kt :
CnH2n 1N + O2 nCO2 + (n -

1
)H2O + N2
2

n CO2 > n H2O

n CO2 - n H2O = 0,5n Cn H2n-1N

C. t chy hn hp hai hirocacbon bt k:
Nu n CO2 > n H2O
2 ankan
Hai hirocacbon c th l: 1 ankan + 1 anken
1 ankan (x mol) + 1 ankin (y mol) (x > y)

Nu n CO2 n H2O

2 anken
Hai hirocacbon c th l:
1 ankan (x mol) + 1 ankin-ankadien (y mol) (x = y)

Nu n CO2 < n H2O

2 ankin
Hai hirocacbon c th l: 1 anken + 1 ankin
1 ankan (x mol) + 1 ankin (y mol) (x < y)

S dng s liu CO2 v H2O sau phn ng t chy suy ra cc d kin sau:
- So snh ln nh v s mol xc nh loi lin kt trong hp cht hu c.
- Trong 3 i lng s mol CO2, s mol H2O, s mol hp cht hu c, nu bit 2 th ta tm
c i lng cn li.

nC
suy ra cng thc thc nghim ca hp cht hu c.
nH

Lp t l

Xc nh s C hoc H trung bnh theo cng thc:

S

C = nn
hchc
CO2

hoc

H = 2n
n hchc

H2O

Bo ton nguyn t C v H, suy ra khi lng hirocacbon.

Trang 3
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

Gii

ROH + Na RONa +

1
H2
2

p dng LBTKL:
mH2 = mancol + mNa - mcht rn = 0,3
n ancol = 2n H2 = 0,3

15,6
= 52 < 60 (C3H7 OH) (do ng ng lin tip)
0,3
Lu : Ancol tc dng vi Na
46 (C2 H5OH) < Mancol =

n
H 2 vi n l s nhm chc
2
Cng thc tnh s nhm OH hay s H linh ng
Na
R(OH)n

S nhm OH (H) =

Dng xc nh s nhm chc OH trong ancol hoc COOH trong axit khi cho tc dng vi
Na.
Trng hp thng gp: n H2 = ncht hu c cht c 2 nhm OH hoc 2 nhm COOH

Gii
Cho t t HCl vo dung dch Na2CO3 ta c ln lt cc phn ng xy ra

H + + CO32- HCO3b
H

+ HCO CO2 + H 2 O

(a - b)

(a - b)

Khi cho d Ca(OH)2 vo X thy xut hin kt ta trong X cn HCO3 V = 22,4(a b)

Lu : Khi cho t t dung dch HCl vo dung dch Na2CO3 ta c ln lt cc phn ng nh trn,
nhng khi cho ngc li ta ch c mt phn ng duy nht
2H+ + CO32- CO2 + H2O

Trang 4
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

Gii
Thu phn lipit thu c 2 loi axit bo:
Lipit: RCOO-C3H5-(OOCR)2
Ta c: nglixerol = nlipit = 0,5
Mlipit = 888
Chn : C17H35COOH v C17H33COOH
Lu :
Cn thuc lng M ca Tristearin: M = 890 (lipit no) lm chun
Mlipit gim 2 trong lipit c 1 gc axit bo khng no c 1

Gii
Cl2
( CH 2 -CHCl ) k
C2k H3k-1Clk+1 + HCl
C2k H3k Clk

35,5(k + 1)
= 0,6396 k = 3
62,5k + 34,5
V d: Cao su lu ho c 2% S v khi lng, c bao nhiu mc xch isopren c 1 cu ni
isunfua (-S-S-). Gi thit rng cc S thay th cho H cu metylen ca cao su.
A.23.
B. 46.
C. 45.
D. 40.
Gii
%Cl =

( CH2C(CH3 )=CH-CH2 ) n + 2S ( S-CH-C(CH3 )=CH-CH2 -S )n

%S =

64
= 0,02 n = 46
68n - 2 + 64

Gii:
X, Y, Z l ng ng (hn km nhau 1 nhm CH2) nn:
M Y M X 14

M Z M X 28 M X 28 2M X M X 28
M 2M
X
Z
MY = 42 (C3H6)

Trang 5
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

O2
+ Ca(OH)2
C3H6
3CO2
3CaCO3

0,1 mol

0,3

0,3

m = 30 gam

Gii
Phng trnh cho nhn e:
N +5 + 3e N +2
0,3 0,1

Ag Ag + + 1e
0,3

0,3

nAg = 0,3mol

TH1: RCHO 2Ag

nX = 0,15 MX = 44 (CH3CHO)
TH2: RCHO 4Ag
nX = 0,075 MX = 88 (loi)

Gii
nAg = 0,4 = 4nX X c th l HCHO hoc X c 2 chc CHO loi B, D.
nNa = 0,2 = 2nY X c 2 chc CHO Chn C

Gii
Ton CO2, SO2 tc dng vi dung dch kim
1. CO2 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH
t: T =

KOH :

n NaOH
b
=
n CO
a
2

TH1: T 1 CO2 d to mui NaHCO3

TH2 : T 2 NaOH d to mui Na2CO3
TH3: 1 < T < 2
Kho st:
CO2 NaOH NaHCO3
a
a

NaHCO NaOH Na CO H O
3
2
3
2

b a b a b a

Trang 6
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

n Na CO = b - a (S ln S b)
2
3

n NaHCO3 = a - (b - a) = 2a - b (2S b S ln)

2. CO2 tc dng vi dung dch

t: T =

Ca(OH)2

Ba(OH)2 :

n CO
a
=
n Ca(OH)
b
2

TH1: T 1 Ca(OH)2 d to mui CaCO3

TH2 : T 2 CO2 d to mui Ca(HCO3)2
TH3: 1 < T < 2
Kho st:
CO 2 Ca OH 2 CaCO3 H 2O

b
b
b

CO 2 CaCO3 H 2O Ca HCO 3 2
a b a b a b

n Ca(HCO ) = a - b (S ln S b)
3 2

n CaCO3 = b - (a - b) = 2b - a (2S b S ln)

3. CO2 tc dng vi hn hp dung dch NaOH

t: T =

KOH v

Ca(OH)2

Ba(OH)2 :

OH
b
=
n CO
a
-

TH1: T 1 CO2 d to mui HCO3TH2: T 2 OH- d to mui CO32TH3: 1 < T < 2

Kho st:

CO2 OH HCO3

a
a a

OH CO32 H 2 O
HCO3
b a b a b a

Trang 7
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

n 2- = b - a (S ln S b)
CO3

n HCO3- = a -(b - a) = 2a - b (2S b S ln)

Lu :

Tnh lng kt ta sinh ra phi da trn n CO2- so vi

3

Nu n CO2- <

Ca 2+

Nu n CO2- >
3

Ca 2+

Ba

2+

Ca 2+

Ba 2+

n = n CO23

n =

Ca 2+

Ba 2+

Ba 2+

Thng thng ch cn nh TH3 th c th p dng tng qut cho hai trng hp trn.
Ton SO2 cng thc tnh tng t.
Gii

Ta c:
n CO = 0,12 mol
2
n BaCO3 < n CO2 Xy ra hai trng hp
n Ba(OH)2 = 2,5a mol

n BaCO3 = n CO32 = 0,08 mol

Theo cng thc, ta c:
n BaCO3 = 2n Ba(OH)2 - n CO2 2.2,5a - 0,12 = 0,08

a = 0, 04 mol

Gii
IN PHN
in phn dung dch:
Catot cc (-): cc cho e cation tin v nhn e
- C mt cc cation kim loi Mn+ v H+ (do nc hoc axit in li).
- Th t nhn electron:
K+ < Ca2+ < Na+ < Mg2+ < Al3+ < H2O < Mn2+ < Zn2+ < Cr3+ < Fe2+ < Ni2+ < Sn2+ < Pb2+ <
Fe3+ < H+ (axit) < Cu2+ < Ag+ < Hg2+ < Pt2+ < Au3+
Quy lut: Cht no c tnh oxi ho mnh s b kh trc
- Ion kim loi mnh t Al3+ tr v trc thc t khng in phn, thay vo l nc in
phn.
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LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

2H2O + 2e 2OH- + H2

Kim loi tip theo b kh theo phng trnh:

Mn+ + ne M
anot cc (+): cc nhn e
C mt cc anion gc axit hoc OH- (do nc hoc baz in li).
Th t nhng electron:
Kim loi lm in cc > S2- > I- > Br- > Cl- > OH- (baz) > H2O > Gc axit c oxi (SO42-,
NO3-, CO32-,F-)
Quy lut:Cht c tnh kh mnh s b oxi ho trc.
- Cc anion SO42-, NO3-, CO32-, SO32-, PO43-, F-,thc t khng in phn, thay vo
nc s in phn.
- Cc dng khng phi l in cc tr (than ch, Pt) th s b in phn trc tin ti cc
dng (hin tng dng cc tan). Khi cc dng b tan dn, cc m c bi p
dn bi kim loi do cc dng tan ra. y l hin tng xy ra khi m, trng kim loi.
- Thc t anion gc axit c oxi khng b in phn, thay vo nc s b in phn (b
oxi ho)
-

H 2O 2H + +

1
O2 + 2e
2

Cng thc Faraday:

m=

A It
.
n F

Hoc dng cng thc tnh s mol kh thot ra mi in cc:

n=

It
96500n

Trong :
A: nguyn t khi.
n: s e tham gia phn ng in cc.
I: cng dng in.
t: thi gian in phn.
F: s Faraday ph thuc vo t.
Nu t(s) F = 96500.
Nu t(h) F = 26,8.
Cc kiu mc bnh in phn:
1. Mc ni tip:
- Cng dng in qua mi bnh l bng nhau.
- S thu v nhng e cc in cc cng tn phi nh nhau cc cht sinh ra cc in
cc cng tn phi t l mol vi nhau.
V d:
Trang 9
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

Bnh 1: catot
Cu2+ + 2e Cu
x
2x
Bnh 2: catot
Ag+ + 1e Ag
y y
y = 2x
2. Mc song song:
Cng dng in I qua n bnh bng

I.
n

in phn nng chy

C 3 loi hp cht in phn nng chy:
1. Oxit kim loi:
y
dpnc
MxOy
O2
xM +
2
2. Mui clorua:
dpnc
MCln
M

n
Cl2
2

3. Hiroxit kim loi (nhm IA):

dpnc
2MOH
2M + O2 + H2O
Phng php ny dng iu ch nhng kim loi t Al tr v trc t cc oxit thay v dng
CO, H2.
Gii

Catot (-)

Anot (+)

Cu 2+ + 2e Cu
2Cl- Cl2 + 2e
0,01 0,005
0,005 0,01
2NaOH + Cl2 NaClO + NaCl + H2 O
0,01 0,005
nNaOH cn li = 0,01 mol
nNaOH ban u = 0,01 + 0,01 = 0,02 mol
[NaOH] = 0,1M

Gii
NH2 -R-COOH + HCl ClNH3 -R-COOH
Chnh lch khi lng:
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LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

m 13,95 - 10,3
=
= 0,1mol
M
36,5
MX = 103 Chn C
Lu :
Cng thc tnh s mol da vo s chnh lch khi lng
nX =

m
M
ng trong trng hp h s cn bng trong phng trnh bng nhau.
V d 1:
n=

Fe + Cu 2+ Fe2+ + Cu
n Fe = n Cu =

mCu - mFe
64 - 56

V d 2:

2Al + 3Cu 2+ 2Al3+ + 3Cu

n Al = 2.

mCu - mAl
phi nhn h s cn bng ca cht cn tnh s mol.
3.64 - 2.27

Gii
H 2SO4 (l)
Fe
FeSO4

0,1 mol

0,1 mol

KMnO4 + H2SO4
FeSO4
Fe2 (SO4 )3 + MnSO4

p dng LBT e ta c:

Fe2+ Fe3+ + 1e
0,1

0,1

Mn 7+ + 5e Mn 2+
0, 02 0,1

n KMnO4 = 0,02 mol

V = 0,04 lt = 40 ml

Gii
un dung dch X thu thm kt ta trong X c Ca(HCO3)2

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LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

t
Ca(HCO3 ) 2
CaCO3 + CO2 + H 2O
o

1 mol

1 mol

n CaCO3 = 5,5 mol

Bo ton C:
n CO2 = 2n Ca(HCO3 )2 + n CaCO3 7,5 mol
enzim
( C6 H10O5 ) n
2nC2 H5OH + 2nCO2

3,75 mol
mtinh bt =

7,5 mol

3, 75.162
= 750 gam
0, 81

Gii
Ta c:
S C =

n CO2
nY

2a
=2
a

S nhm chc COOH =

n NaOH
2a
=
2
nY
a

Chn D

Gii
(X): C2H7NO2 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH thu c 2 kh
(X) gm: CH3COONH4 (mui amoni) v HCOONH3CH3 (mui to bi HCOOH v CH3NH2)
n NH3 = 0,05
Ta c:
n CH3 NH2 = 0,15
Phng trnh:
NaOH
CH3COONH 4
CH3COONa + NH3

0, 05

0,05

HCOONH3CH3
HCOONa + CH3 NH 2
NaOH

0,15

0,15

mmui = 14,3 gam

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LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

Gii
Gi s nng hai cht l aM
HCl l cht in li mnh nn in li hon ton

HCl H + + Cl a

pH = x = lg[H+] = lg(a) (1)

100 phn t CH3COOH th c 1 phn t in li

in li = 0,01

CH3COOH CH3COO- + H +

0,01a

pH = y = lg[H+] = lg(0,01a) lg(a) = y + 2 (2)

T (1) v (2) x = y + 2 y = x 2
Lu :
in li cho bit phn trm cht tan phn li thnh ion v c biu din bng t s nng
mol ca phn t cht tan phn li thnh ion (C) v nng ban u ca cht in li (C0).
MA M+ + A-

C
[M + ] [A- ]
=
=
C0
C0
C0

k: 0 1
- = 0: cht khng in li.
- =1: cht in li hon ton
in li ph thuc vo bn cht ca cht tan, nhit v nng dung dch. Dung dch
cng long (C0 cng nh) th cng ln.
i vi dung dch axit yu ( < 1)
H+ + A- (Ka)
HA
Ban u:
C0
0
0
in li:
C0
C0
C0
Cn bng: (1-)C0
C0
C0

[H + ][A- ] 2C0
Ka =
=
[HA]
1-
<< 1 1 -

1 =

Ka
C0

i vi dung dch baz yu ( < 1)

M+ + OH- (Kb)
MOH
Ban u:
C0
0
0
Trang 13
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

in li:
Cn bng:

C0
(1-)C0

Kb =

C0
C0

C0
C0

[M+ ][OH- ] 2C0

=
[MOH]
1-

<< 1 1 -

1 =

Kb
C0

Gii

n H+ = 0,5 mol
n H2SO4 = 0,125

Kim loi + 2H+ H2

n H2 = 0,2375 mol S mol H+ phn ng = 2. n H2 = 0,475 mol
n HCl = 0,25

S mol H+ d = 0,025 mol

[H+] = 0,1M pH = 1

Gii
Bn cht ca oxit tc dng vi axit khng c tnh oxi ho
+
22Htrong
axit + Otrong oxit H 2O

Ta c:
n H2SO4 = 0,05 n H+ = 0,1 mol

2H

O H 2O

0,1 0,05
mO trong oxit = 0,05.16 = 0,8 gam
mKL trong oxit = moxit mO = 2,01 gam
mmui = mKL + mSO2 = 2,01 + 0,05.96 = 6,81 gam
4

Cch khc:
Oxit + H2SO4 Mui + H2O
Ta c: n H2O = n H2SO4 = 0,05 mol
p dng LBTKL:
mmui = mOxit + mAxit mNc = 2,81 + 0,05.98 0,05.18 = 6,81 gam
Trang 14
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

Gii
t chy hon ton X vi oxi thu c kh Y gm CO2 + H2O + O2 d
Y qua H2SO4 c H2O b gi li Z gm CO2 v O2 d
y
)O2 xCO2 +
4
y
(x + ) mol x mol
4

Cx H y + (x +
1 mol

n O2 d = 10 - (x +

dZ

H2

y
H2O
2

y
)
4

19 M Z = 38

mO2 + mCO2
n O2 + n CO2

y
)] + 44x
4
38
y
10 - (x + ) + x
4

32.[10 - (x +
=

8x + y = 40

Chn x = 4 v y = 8 (C4H8)

Gii
Kho st p n X n chc cha 1 N
n N2 = 0,025 n X = 0,05 mol
n CO2 = 0,15 mol

S C =

n CO2
nX

= 3 loi A, D.

Khi X tc dng vi NaOH thu c sn phm H2N-CH2-COONa Chn B.

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LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

Gii
CH3COOH + C2H5OH CH3COOC2 H5 + H2O
Ban u:

1
2
3

Phn ng:
Kt thc:

(1 -

1
2
3

2
)
3

(1 -

0
2
3
2
3

2
)
3

0
2
3
2
3

2 2
.
3 3
=4
Hng s cn bng: KC =
2 2
1 . 1
3 3
Hmax = 90%
CH 3COOH + C 2 H 5OH CH 3COOC2 H5 + H 2O
Bd:
Pu:

1 mol
0,9 mol

x mol
0
0,9 mol 0,9 mol

KT:

0,1 mol

(x - 0,9)

0,9 mol

0
0,9 mol
0,9 mol

Nhit khng i KC khng i

0,9.0,9
= 4 x = 2,925 mol
KC =
0,1.(x - 0,9)

Gii
Ta c:
nO trong oxit = 3a + b + c
Oxit tc dng vi axit:

2H
(6a + 2b + 2c)

O
(3a + b + c)

HNO3 ht
Trong dung dch c cc mui: Al(NO3)3: 2a mol, Cu(NO3)2: b mol, AgNO3; 2c mol
tch Ag ra khi mui ch cn dng kim loi c tnh kh mnh v AgNO3 tc dng trc v
Ag+ c tnh oxi ho mnh hn.
Ag + + 1e Ag
2c 2c mol
S mol e Ag+ nhn = 2c mol Chn B.

Trang 16
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

KHI B-2007 M 285

Gii
mcht rn gim = mO trong oxit = 0,32 gam

R-CH 2OH + [O] R-CHO + H 2O

0,02 0,02

0,02

Hn hp hi gm R-CHO v H2O ( M 31)

Ta c: n RCHO+H2O = 0,04 mol mRCHO+H2O = 0,04.31 = 1,24 gam
Bo ton khi lng:
m = mRCHO+H2O - m[O] = 1,24 - 0,02.16 = 0,92 gam

Gii

n Al3+ = 0,3 mol

Ta c: n OH- = 0,5V mol

n Al(OH)3 = 0,2 mol

Gi tr ln nht ng vi trng hp kt ta to ra v tan mt phn trong NaOH d.

Al3+ + 3OH- Al(OH)3

Al(OH)3

OH- [Al(OH)4 ]-

p dng cng thc:

n Al(OH)3 = 4n Al3+ - n OH- = 4.0,3 - 0,5V = 0,2 V = 2 lt

Gii
Cn H 2n O2 +
1 mol

3n - 2
O2 nCO2 + nH 2 O
2
3n - 2
mol n mol
n mol
2

3n - 2
S mol O2 ban u = 3n 2
2
3n - 2
Hn hp sau khi t chy gm: O2 d =
mol, CO2 = n mol, H2O = n mol
2

S mol O2 d =

Trang 17
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

Hn hp ban u gm: CnH2nO2 = 1 mol, O2 = (3n 2) mol

Qu trnh ng tch, ta c:
p1
n
1 + (3n - 2)
0,8
= 1
=
n = 3 Chn D
3n - 2
p2
n2
0,95
n+n+
2

Gii
nFe = 0,12 mol

2Fe + 6H 2SO4 Fe 2 (SO 4 )3 + 3SO 2 + 6H 2O

0,1 0,3

0,05

nFe d = 0,02 mol

Fe

Fe2 (SO4 )3 3FeSO4

0,02 mol

0, 02

cn li

0,06

= 0,03 mol

Chn A

Lu :
TON KIM LOI TC DNG VI AXIT HNO3 v H2SO4 , nng
Vi HNO3:

Kim loi

HNO3

Mui

H2 O

- Kim loi t Mg Al c th to ra tt c cc sn phm kh trn.

- Kim loi sau hiro hu nh to ra NO2, NO.
- HNO3 c, ngui khng tc dng vi Al, Fe, Cr, Au, Pt.
Bi tp chnh:

Trang 18
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

Gii

[KOH] = 0,24M
Bi ny yu cu thuc phng trnh iu ch KClO3

Gii

Bo ton O:

Gii

Lu : Quan h s mol ca kim loi v H2 trong cc phn ng gii phng H2

M (ho tr n)
V d: Kim loi ho tr I H2
Kim loi ho tr II H2
Kim loi ho tr III 3/2H2

Gii
Gi s V = 22,4 lt
TH1: Al tc dng vi NaOH ca Na sinh ra
Trang 21
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

(X): ROOC-R-COOR (axit hai chc, ancol n chc)

ROOC-R-COOR + 2NaOH R(COONa)2 + ROH + ROH
2. Este 2 chc (X) + NaOH 2 mui + 1 ancol
(X): RCOO-R-OOCR (axit n chc, ancol hai chc)
RCOO-R-OOCR + 2NaOH RCOONa + RCOONa + R(OH)2
3. Este 2 chc (X) + NaOH 1 mui + 1 ancol
(X): RCOO-R-OOCR hoc ROOC-R-COOR
Phng trnh:
RCOO-R-OOCR + 2NaOH 2RCOONa + R(OH)2
ROOC-R-COOR + 2NaOH R(COONa)2 + 2ROH
4. Este 2 chc (X) + NaOH 1 mui + 1 ancol c s mol bng nhau
(X): R(COO)2R (axit v ancol u 2 chc)
PT: R(COO)2R + 2NaOH R(COONa)2 + R(OH)2

Gii
dp
CuSO4 + H 2O
Cu + H 2SO4 +

a mol

a mol

dp
NaCl + H 2O
NaOH +

b mol

1
O2
2

1
1
Cl2 + H 2
2
2

b mol

dung dch phenolphtalein chuyn sang mu hng th b > 2a (mi trng kim)
Lu : Bn cht ca phn ng gia axit v baz l:

Gii
Ta c:

= 0,005 mol [H+] = 0,01M pH = 2

Trang 24

LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

Gii
n CO2 < 0,8 s C < 8 loi A, B

X tc dng vi NaOH theo t l 1:1 X c 1 nhm chc COOH hoc 1 nhm chc phenol
Chn C.

Gii

n X = 0,05

Ta c: n O2 = 0,175

n CO2 = 0,15

S C = 3 loi A

n H2O = n CO2 + n X 0,2 mol (do X no)

Bo ton O:

n[O] = n[O]
X

S O trong X =

+ n[O]
CO2

- n[O]
H2O

= 0,15 mol
O2

Chn C.

Gii
TH1: Cu d

TH2: H+ va

V2 = 2V1
Trang 25
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

Gii

n Zn = a mol
t:
n Fe = b mol
p dng LBT e, ta c:
Zn Zn 2+ + 2e
a

2a

Fe Fe 2+ + 2e
b

Cu 2 + 2e

Cu

2(a + b) (a + b)

2b

Ta c: mFe + Zn = mCu 65a + 56b = 64(a + b) a = 8b

%mZn = 90,27%

Gii
RCHO + [O] RCOOH
Bo ton khi lng:
mO = 3 2,2 = 0,8 nO = 0,05 = nanehit
Manehit = 44 Chn D.

Gii
n C2 H4 = 0,2
+ O2
+HCN
C2 H 4
CH3CHO
CH3CH(CN)OH
PdCl2 , CuCl2

0,1

0,1 mol

H = 50%

Gii

Trang 26
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

2Al + Cr2O3 Al2O3 + 2Cr

0,2 0,1
nAl d = 0,1 mol

HCl

Al

0,1
HCl
Cr

0,2

0,2 mol

3
H2
2
0,15 n H = 0,35 V = 7, 84 lt
2
H2
0,2

KHI A-2008 M 263

Gii
Vlc u = VX + VH2 = 4V
Vlc sau = VY = 2V
Vlc u Vlc sau = VH2 phn ng = 2V = 2VX X c 2 loi A, C
n H2

Z + Na H2
= n Z Z c hai nhm OH X c 2 nhm CHO, m trong X c 2 X no, hai chc.

Chn B.

Gii

Lu :
Cng thc tnh khi lng mol trung bnh cho hn hp hai cht:
(1)
Hoc:

M = a.M1 + (1-a)M 2 (2) vi a l phn trm ca M1 (M1 > M2)

Trang 27
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

4. Dung dch H+ tc dng vi hn hp dung dch OH- v [Al(OH)4]-:

Tng t TH3 nhng cng thm lng OHS mol kt ta cn li:

TON KM:
Dung dch Zn2+ tc dng vi dung dch kim:
t:
Kho st:
Zn2+ + 2OH- Zn(OH)2
a
2a
a
Zn(OH)2 + 2OH [Zn(OH)4]2 (b 2a)
S mol kt ta:

p dng cho bi ton trn

Ta c:
Phng trnh phn ng: u tin H+ trc

cn li

= 2V 0,2

Gi tr ln nht ca V ng vi trng hp kt ta to ra sau b ho tan mt phn

Ta c: n = 4n Al3+ - n OH- = 4.0,2 - (2V - 0,2) = 0,1 V = 0,45 lt

Gii
Oxit tc dng vi CO hoc H2: (i vi oxit ca kim loi sau nhm)
Trang 31
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

Vkh thin nhin =

VCH4
80%

= 448 m 3

Gii
Bo ton e:

Al Al3+ + 3e
0,1

0,3
Fe Fe2+ +

2e

0,1 0,1

0, 2

Ag + + 1e Ag
0,5 0,5 0,5

0,5 mol

= 0,05 tip tc tc dng vi Fe2+

Phng trnh:

nAg = 0,55 mAg = 59,4 gam

Gii
Phn 2: tc dng vi dd NaOH thu c kh H2 Al d v Fe2O3 ht

nAl d = 0,025 mol

Phn 1:

Phng trnh:
Trang 36
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

2Al + Fe2O3 Al2O3 + 2Fe

0,1

0,05

0,1 mol

nAl ban u = 2.(0,1 + 0,025) = 0,25

n Fe2O3 ban u = 0,05.2 = 0,1
(do chia thnh hai phn bng nhau)
m = mAl + mFe2O3 = 22,75 gam

Gii
T l th tch cng chnh l t l v s mol

M=24
mY = 24.3 = 72
M mX = mY MX = 72 (C5H12)

Gii

2Cr +3 + 3Cl2 + 16OH- 2CrO2-4 + 6Cl- + 8H 2 O

0, 01 0,015

0,08

KHI B-2008 M 195

Gii
Do hai ru n chc no nn ta c th t cng thc chung l:

Bo ton khi lng

Trang 37
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

Gii
n CH3OH ban u = 0,0375 mol
AgNO3 /NH3
HCHO

4Ag

0, 03 mol

0,12 mol

H%
CH3OH + [O]
HCHO + H 2 O

0,03 mol

0,03 mol

n CH3OH phn ng = 0,03 mol

H = 80%

Gii
ru =

Th tch ru nguyn cht = 5.0,46 = 2,3 lt

Khi lng ru nguyn cht = 2,3.0,8 = 1,84 kg
nru = 0,04 kmol
S phn ng
H
ln men
(C6 H10O5 )n
nC6 H12O6
2nC2 H5OH + 2nCO2
+

0,02 kmol

0,04 kmol

Khi lng tinh bt thc t = 0,02.162 = 3,24 kg

Khi lng tinh bt l thuyt = 3,24:0,72 = 4,5 kg

Gii

Trang 38
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

p sut trong bnh trc v sau phn ng bng nhau c ngha l lng kh O2 tham gia phn ng
bng lng kh sinh ra
0,25a + 2,75b = a + 2b a = b

Gii
FeO
FeO a mol

Hn hp: Fe2O3
72a + 160b = 9,12 (*)
Fe
O
b
mol
2
3

Fe O
3 4

Phng trnh phn ng

HCl
FeO
FeCl2

a mol

Fe 2 O3 2FeCl3
HCl

2b mol

Ta c: n FeCl2 = 0,06 mol a = 0,06 mol

Th a vo (*) b = 0,03
n FeCl3 = 2b = 0,06 mol

m FeCl3 = 9, 75 gam

Gii

n Mg = 0,09 mol
Ta c:
n NO = 0,04 mol
Bo ton e:

Mg Mg 2+ + 2e
0,09

0,18

N +5 + 3e N+2
0,12 0,04

Nhn thy, nu ch c sn phm kh l NO, s mol e cho ln hn s mol e nhn trong khi HNO3
d, vy ngoi NO cn c sn phm kh khc v l NH4NO3

Dung dch X cha Mg(NO3)2 0,09 mol v NH4NO3 0,0075 mol

mmui khan = 13,92 gam
Trang 39
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

Lu :

Kim loi

HNO3

Mui

H2 O

Kim loi t Mg Al c th to ra tt c cc sn phm kh trn.

Kim loi sau hiro hu nh to ra NO2, NO.
HNO3 c, ngui khng tc dng vi Al, Fe, Cr, Au, Pt.

Gii
Ta c:
X cha 1N nn X c th l este ca amino axit hoc mui ca amin hoc mui amoni, d cht
no X cng tc dng vi NaOH theo t l mol 1:1
Nhn thy s mol NaOH d = 0,05 mol
11,7 gam cht rn gm NaOH d v mui
mmui = mrn mNaOH d = 9,7 gam
Ta c: nX = nmui Mmui = 97 (RCOONa) R = 30 (H2NCH2-)
Chn D.

Gii
Ta c:
phn ng

= 0,025 mol
loi D.

Th tch kh cn li l CH4 Th tch hirocacbon phn ng vi Br2 = 0,56 lt nhcb = 0,025

Nhn thy s mol hirocacbon = s mol Br2 phn ng cht cn li l anken loi B
S phn ng t chy:

Trang 40
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

CH 4

CO 2

0, 05 0,05 mol
Cn H 2n nCO 2
0,025

0,025n mol

n CO2 = 0,05 + 0,025n = 0,125

n=3
Chn C.

Gii

(C3H 4 O3 )n C3n H 4n O3n C3n-3n H 4n-3n (COOH)3n

2

C 3n H 5n (COOH) 3n
2

V X no, xem COOH nh 1H, ta c:

3n
5n
3n
+2=
+
n=2
2.S C + 2 = S H 2.
2
2
2
X: C6H8O6
Lu :
t cng thc hp cht hu c:
Cng thc hirocacbon:
CxHy vi x 1, y 2x +2
y = 2x + 2 l s H ti a hp cht c lin kt n.
Hoc: CnH2n + 2 2a vi a l s lin kt .
Cng thc hp cht c nhm chc
CnH2n + 2 2a k(X)k
Vi a l s lin kt , k l s nhm chc, X l k hiu nhm chc.
Nhn nh lin kt trong hp cht hu c
1. Hp cht CxHy hoc CxHyOz:
Hp cht c lin kt n khi s H t ti a y = 2x + 2
Nu gim 2H s to 1 lin kt hoc 1 vng.
2. Hp cht CxHyNt hoc CxHyOzNt:
Hp cht c lin kt n khi s H t ti a y = 2x + 2 + t.
Nu gim 2H s to 1 lin kt hoc 1 vng.
Lu : Tng ho tr cc nguyn t trong hp cht hu c lun l s chn.

Gii
Trang 41
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

m = 0,1.27 + 0,15.64 = 12,3 gam

Gii

n X = 0,1 mol
Ta c:
n NaOH = 0,2 mol
X tc dng vi NaOH cho mui v cht hu c (hoc kho st p n) X l este
Nhn nh lin kt: X c 2, X no c 4O X l este no 2 chc
X tc dng vi NaOH cho hn hp mui X to t ancol 2 chc v axit n chc
X: RCOO-R-OOCR
Phng trnh phn ng:
RCOO R OOCR+2NaOH R'COONa+R"COONa + R(OH)2
0,1 mol

0,1 mol

0,1 mol

mmui = mRCOONa + mRCOONa = 0,1(R + 67) + 0,1 (R + 67) = 17,8

R + R = 44
Chn R = 15 (CH3-) v R = 29 (C2H5-) hoc ngc li
X: CH3COO-(CH2)2-OOCC2H5

Gii
pH = 1 [H ] = 0,1M n H+ = 0,01 mol
+

nNaOH = 0,1a mol

Phng trnh ion:

H+

+ OH- H 2O

0,01 0,01
S mol OH- tham gia phn ng trung ho = 0,01 mol
pH = 12 pOH = 2 [OH-] = 0,01M n OH- = 0,002 mol (s mol NaOH cn li sau phn
ng)
S mol NaOH ban u = 0,002 + 0,01 = 0,012 = 0,1a a = 0,12

Gii
Trang 43
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

Khi lng cht rn hai TN bng nhau

56(a V1) + 64V1 = 56(a 0,05V2) + 10,8V2
V1 = V2

Gii
R trong hp cht RH3 c ho tr III Trong hp cht vi oxi R c ho tr cao nht l V
R2O5
80
= 0,7407 R = 14 (N)
Ta c: %O =
2R + 80

Gii
S phn ng:
Cht bo + 3NaOH mui + C3H5(OH)3
0,06 mol

0,02 mol
Bo ton khi lng:
mx phng = mcht bo + mNaOH - mglixerol = 17,24 + 0,06.40 0,02.92 = 17,80 gam

Gii
Fe tc dng vi HNO3 trc theo phng trnh

Cu tip tc tc dng vi Fe theo phng trnh

Nhn thy s mol Cu d = 0,075 mol

Vy cn thm mt lng HNO3 ho tan Cu d theo phng trnh

Trang 45
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

Gii
Ta c: C =

VCO2
Vhh

2
2 S C ca X l 2 loi C, D
1
S H ca X l 6 trong hai p n cn li

Chn A.
Cch khc:
p dng lu cu 9 khi A-2007
Trng hp t chy 2 hirocacbon, s mol H2O bng s mol CO2
- TH1: Hn hp 2 anken loi, v c C2H2
- TH2: Hn hp gm 1 ankin v 1 ankan c s mol bng nhau
X: CnH2n+2
Ta c:
S phn ng t chy

Gii
S phn ng

Chn C.

Gii
t:
Bo ton e:

Trang 46
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

Cu 2+ + 2e Cu
Zn Zn 2+

2e

(a + b) (a + b) 2(a + b)

2a

Fe 2+ + 2e Fe
b

2b

Khi lng cht rn thu c nh hn khi lng Zn ban u l 0,5 gam, ngha l khi lng Zn
phn ng ln hn khi lng cht rn sinh ra l 0,5 gam hay chnh lch 1 lng m = 0,5
m Zn - (mCu + mFe ) = 0,5

65(a + b) - (64a + 56b) = 0,5

a + 9b = 0,5 (1)
Mt khc: mmui = 13,6 gam mZnCl2 = 13,6 136(a + b) = 13,6 a + b = 0,1 (2)
T (1), (2) suy ra a = b = 0,05 mol
mX = 13,1 gam

KHI A-2009 M 175

Gii
t: n ZnSO4 = x mol
Ta c:
C hai trng hp u cho lng kt ta bng nhau, nn TH2 kt ta to ra sau ho tan 1 phn
trong kim d
Phng trnh phn ng

Lng kt ta hai phn ng bng nhau nn: 2x 0,14 = 0,11 x = 0,125 mol
Trang 47
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

= 22 M Nx Oy = 44 N 2O

d Nx Oy
H2

n N2O = 0,042 mol

Bo ton e:

2N +5 + 8e N 2O

M n+ + ne

0,336
n

0,336

0,336 0,042

MM = 9n
Chn n = 3 M = 27 (Al)

Gii
Ta c:

X no, a chc loi B

Xem

Chn C.

Gii
Nhn xt p n ta nhn thy hn hp hai este l n chc, no.
X phng ho thu c mt mui v hai ancol ng ng hai este ny c to ra t mt axit
v hai ancol l ng ng hay hai este ny l ng ng ca nhau.
Bo ton khi lng ta c:
mNaOH = mmui + mancol - meste = 2,05 + 0,94 1,99 = 1 gam
nNaOH = 0,05 mol
Do n chc: neste = nNaOH = 0,05 mol

Chn A.

Trang 49
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

Gii
t x l s mol Cu(NO3)2 b nhit phn
Phng trnh phn ng:

Bo ton khi lng, ta c

mX = 6,58 4,96 = 1,62 gam
32.0,5x + 46.2x = 1,62 x = 0,015 mol
Hp th X vo nc

[HNO3] = 0,1 pH = 1

Gii
Ta c:

V
V

n CO2 = 22,4 n C = 22,4

a
a
n
=
nH =
H2O 18
9
Hn hp hai ancol no, n chc nn
a
V
n ancol = n H2O - n CO2 =
= n[O] trong ancol
18 22,4
Bo ton khi lng, ta c
mancol = m = mC + m H + m O = 12.
m=a-

V
a
V
a
+ 1. + 16.

22,4
9
18 22,4

5V
V
= a28
5, 6

Gii

Trang 51
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

Gii

n CO = 0,4 mol
Ta c: 2
n CO2 = n H2O ete: Cn H 2n O
n
=
0,4
mol
H
O

2
Trong hn hp ban u c 1ancol khng no c 1
loi B, C
S phn ng t chy

Cn H 2n O nCO2
0,4
n

0,4 mol

0,4
.(14n + 16) = 7,2 n = 4
n
Tng s C trong hai ancol bng 4
Chn D.
mete =

Gii

n Fe = 0,02
n = 0,03
Cu
Ta c:
n = 0,4
H+
n 0, 08
NO3
Bo ton e:

ne nhng = 0,12 mol < ne nhn = 0,24 mol

Fe v Cu tan ht
Vit li phng trnh nhn e

Trang 55
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

Ta c:
Phng trnh ion:

OH- d 0,02 mol [OH-] = 0,1M (th tch dung dch lc sau l 200 ml)
pOH = 1 pH = 13

Gii

Gii
Cho kh X vo Ca(OH)2 thu c kt ta trong X c CO2
Do khi lng mol trung bnh ca X bng 32 nn X gm CO, CO2 v O2 d (do in cc lm
bng than ch nn tc dng vi O2)
n = 0,02 mol trong 22,4 lt X c
Trong 67,2 m3 X c
t:
Ta c:

Phng trnh phn ng

Trang 62
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

Nhn thy khng c natri halogen no c khi lng mol > 201
Trng hp ny loi
Vy trng hp cn li l NaF v NaCl

mNaF = 6,03 mNaCl = 2,52 gam

% = 41,8%

Gii
Sau phn ng Cu cn d 2,4 gam, vy trong dung dch tn ti ion Fe2+ v Cu2+ (do Cu d nn
tip tc kh Fe3+ thnh Fe2+)
mX phn ng = 61,2 mCu d = 58,8 gam
t:
Bo ton e, ta c:

T (1) v (2), suy ra a = 0,375 v b = 0,15

S chuyn ho thnh mui

mmui = 151,5 gam

Trang 67
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

Gii
X phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 trong mi trng kim loi B, C

n CO = 0,0195
Ta c: 2
n H2O = n CO2 X c 1 loi A
n
=
0,0195

H2O
Chn D.

Gii
Ta c: nX = nNaOH = a mol X cha 1 chc COOH (hoc OH gn trc tip vo vng benzen)
n X = n H2 = a mol X c 2 H linh ng
Chn C.

Gii
n 2+ = 0,16
Cu
Ta c: n H+ = 0,4

n NO3 = 0,32
Sau phn ng thu c hn hp bt kim loi tc Cu v Fe d, vy trong dung dch ch c ion
kim loi Fe2+
Bo ton e, ta c

4H + + NO3 + 3e NO + 2H 2 O

0,4
Cu

0,3

0,1

V = 2, 24 lt

+ 2e Cu

0,16 0,32

0,16

ne nhn = 0,62 mol

mFe phn ng = 17,36 gam

mFe d = m 17,36
0,6m gam hn hp gm Cu v Fe d
(m 17,36) + 0,16.64 = 0,6m m = 17,8 gam

Trang 68
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

%n C2 H2 =
X

0,15
= 0,25
0, 6

c
= 0,25 (3)
a+b+c
(phn trm s mol khng thay i)
T (1), (2) v (3), suy ra a = 0,2, b = 1 v c = 0,1

Ch : Khi cho 2 th nghim khng ng nht v n v th phng php gii l lp t l mol

Gii
Gi s:
- Hn hp ch gm axit Y: RCOOH

Hn hp ch gm Z: R(COOH)2

0,2 < nX < 0,4

Tnh s C (do Y v Z c cng s C)
S C = 2: CH3COOH (Y) v HOOC-COOH (Z) loi A, B

t:

(1)

Ta c:
T (1) v (2) suy ra a = 0,2 v b = 0,1
%mZ = 42,86%

Gii
Trang 70
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

n X = 0,25 mol
nNaOH d = 0,05 mol (do n chc nn t l mol 1:1)

n NaOH = 0,3 mol

Ta c: Mancol > 32 gc ancol trong X phi l C2H5 X: NH2-CH2-COO-C2H5
X + NaOH NH 2 CH 2 COONa
0,25

0,25 mol

Trong dung dch Y c 0,25 mol mui v 0,05 mol NaOH d

mrn = 26,25 gam

Gii
t (X): Cn H 2n O
Phng trnh

Chnh lch khi lng:

Phng trnh t chy

mX = 0,5.(14n + 16) = 17,8 gam

Gii

n Cu 2+ = 0,02
Ta c:
n Ag+ = 0,02
Nhng thanh Fe vo dung dch theo th t Ag+ b kh trc

Trang 71
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

Gii
S phn ng:

C 2 H 6

C 2 H 6
C2 H 2 0,02 Ni C2 H 4
dd Br2

M Z = 20,16

C
H
H
H 2 0,03
2
2
2

H 2
X
Z
Y

Ta c:
Khi lng bnh Br2 tng chnh l khi lng ca C2H4 v C2H2 b gi li
tng =

Gii
Lu : Theo chiu tnh oxi ho tng dn

Ta c:
Phng trnh

nCu d = 0,1 mol mCu = 6,4 gam

Gii
Trang 76
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

CO 2
CO 2
(CH3 ) 2 NH + O2
H 2SO4 d

H 2 O

C H
N2
N
x y
2
250 ml

500 ml (X)

550 ml (Y)

VH2O = 550 - 250 = 300 ml

V(CH3 )2 NH = a ml
t:
a + b = 100 a = 100 - b (1)
VCx Hy = b ml

(CH 3 ) 2 NH 2CO 2 + 3,5H 2O + 0,5N 2

2a

3,5a

0,5a

C x H y xCO 2 + 0,5yH 2O
b

xb

0,5yb

VCO2 + VN2 = 250

2a + xb + 0,5a = 250 2,5a + xb = 250 (2)
Th (1) vo (2) ta c:

loi A, D
Ta c s H trung bnh ca hn hp X =
S H ca amin bng 7 nn ta loi C, v C2H6 v C3H8 lun c s H trung bnh ln hn 6
Chn B.

Gii

Ta c:

Mt khc, s lin kt < 3, theo quy tc v s H ti a ta c

Trang 77
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

Gii

n BaCO3 = 0,06
Ta c:

n CaCO3 = 0,07

TH1: Ch c Na2CO3 tc dng vi BaCl2 cho kt ta

(V th tch gim mt na)

TH2: Khi un nng c hai mui u tc dng vi CaCl2 theo phng trnh

y = 0,04 mol
Bo ton C, ta c:

Lu : Mui CaCl2, BaCl2 khng cho kt ta vi

nhit thng. Khi un nng

b nhit phn cho CO32- cho kt ta vi hai mui trn

t
HCO3
CO32 + CO2 + H 2 O
o

Ca 2 + CO32 CaCO3

Gii
Trang 80
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

Fe Fen+ + ne
x
nx mol
4H + + SO 42 + 2e SO 2 + H 2 O
5x
Chn D.

nx = 2,5x = y

2,5x

Gii
X phn ng ti a vi 2 mol HCl hoc 2 mol NaOH
(X): NH2-R-(COOH)2 v R-NH2
n CO2
6
= 3
S C =
nX
2
Do s mol mi cht trong X bng nhau nn s C trung bnh cng chnh l s C ca mi cht
(X): NH2-CH-(COOH)2 v C3H7-NH2
Bo ton H v N, suy ra: x = 7 v y = 1

Gii

Ta c h phng trnh:
m = 10,9 gam

Gii
S phn ng:

Trang 84
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

Gi s X l amin no

Cn H 2n+3 N nCO2 + (n + 1,5)H 2 O + 0,5N2

V

nV

(n + 1,5)V

0,5V

VCO2 + VH2O + VN2 = nV + (n + 1,5)V + 0,5V = 8V

n=3
Chn A.

Gii
Tch nc 2 ancol thu c 2 anken Hai ancol c cu to i xng hoc ancol bc 1
loi A.
Nhn xt p n Y l ancol no, n chc
C2 H 5OH 3H 2O (1)
1 mol 3 mol
Cn H 2n+1OH (n + 1)H 2 O (2)
1 mol

(n + 1) mol

Ta c:

Chn C.

Gii
Ta c:
Phng trnh phn ng

nCuO d = 0,2 0,03 = 0,17 mol

mX = mCu + mCuO d = 15,52 gam
%mCu = 12,37%

Trang 88
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

KHI B-2010 M 174

Gii
t: n HNO3 = a mol n H2O = 0,5a
Bo ton N, ta c:
n NO trong mui = n NO trong axit - n N trong NO = a - 0,03
3

S phn ng:

Y + HNO3 X(NO3 ) x + NO + H 2O
2,71 (g) 63a (g)

0,9 (g) 9a (g)

Bo ton khi lng, ta c:

m Y + mHNO3 = mX(NO3 )x + m NO + mH 2O

2,71 + 63a = m X + m NO- + 0,9 + 9a

3

m X(NO3 )x

2,71 + 63a = 2,23 + 62.(a - 0,03) + 0,9 + 9a

a = 0,18 mol
Chn D.
Cch khc:
Y gm c oxit v kim loi d, khi cho tc dng vi HNO3, mt phn axit tham gia phn ng oxit
axit, mt phn tham gia phn ng oxi ho kh
Ta c:
Oxit + HNO3:

Kim loi + HNO3:

Gii
S phn ng:
Trang 89
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

a.panmitic C16 H32O2 16CO2 + 16H 2 O

a.stearic

C18 H36 O2 18CO2 + 18H 2 O

a.linoleic C18 H32O2 18CO2 + 16H 2 O

Nhn xt a.pamitic v a.stearic trong phn t c 1 khi t chy cho n CO2 = n H2O , nn s chnh
lch s mol CO2 v H2O l ca a.linoleic
n CO2 - n H2O = 0,03 = 2n a.linoleic

n a.linoleic = 0, 015 mol

Cch khc:
Gii phng trnh 3 n

Gii
Ta c:
n[O]

= n CO = 0,8mol
oxit

M + H2SO4 0,9 mol SO2

Bo ton e, ta c:

n c hai gi tr 2 v 3

Gii

Ta c:
Trang 90
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

CuSO4 + H 2O Cu +

1
O 2 + H 2SO 4
2
0,5a a mol

m dd gim = mCu + mO2 = 8 gam 64a + 32.0,5a = 8 a = 0,1 mol n H2SO4 = 0,1 mol
Gi

= b mol

Vy trong dung dch Y c b mol CuSO4 d v 0,1 mol H2SO4 u tc dng vi Fe

= 0,3 (0,1 + b) = 0,2 b

12,4 gam kim loi gm c Cu v Fe d

ban u

= a + b = 0,25 mol [CuSO4] = 1,25M

Gii
8Al +
3Fe3O4 4Al2O3 + 9Fe
Ban u: 0,4
0,15
Phn ng: x
0,375x
1,125x
Kt thc: (0,4 x) (0,15 0,375x)
1,125x
Hn hp sau phn ng gm c Al2O3, Fe3O4 d, Al d (0,4 x) mol, Fe 1,125x mol
Fe
1,125x
Al
(0,4 - x)

H 2SO4 l

H2

1,125x

n H2 = 1,125x + 1,5.(0,4 - x) = 0,48 x = 0, 32 mol

3
H2
2
1,5.(0,4 - x)

H 2SO4 l

H=

0, 32
= 80%
0, 4

Gii
X l anehit no, n chc X c 1
Trang 94
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

ROH
x mol

R'COOH + NaOH R'COONa + H 2 O

M gm :
2x
2x
2x mol
R'COOR + NaOH R'COONa + ROH

y
y
y
y mol

Ta c:
Th (1) vo (3) ta c R = 15 (CH3-) loi A v C
Ta lun c x + y < 0,2
(2) R + 17 > 40, 25 R > 23,25 loi B.

Gii
Trng hp 1:
Trng hp 2:

Bo ton in tch ta c
2n Ca 2+ + 1.n Na + = 1.n HCO + 1.n Cl3

2.0,04 + n Na + = 0,06 + 0,1 n Na+ = 0, 08 mol

Khi un nng dung dch X ta c phn ng
to
2HCO3
CO32 + CO2 + H 2O

0,06

0,03

0,03 mol

mcht rn = mX - (mCO2 + mH2O ) = 8,79 gam

Trang 98
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

Ta c:
Theo th t trong dy in ho Cu s b oxi ho trc

Gii
p dng LBTKL, ta c
mHCl = 17,64 - 8,88 = 8,76 n HCl = 0,24
R(NH 2 ) x + xHCl R(NH3Cl) x
0,24
x

0,24

8,88
= 37x ( vi x l s nhm chc NH2)
0,24
x
Chn x = 2 M = 74 (H2NCH2CH2CH2NH2)
M amin =

Gii
Ta c:

X no, n chc
(do X n chc c 1O)

Phng trnh ete ho

Trang 100
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

KHI A-2011 M 273

Gii

n KCl = 0,1
Ta c:
n Cu(NO3 )2 = 0,15
Phng trnh in phn:
2KCl + Cu(NO3 )2 Cu + Cl2 + 2KNO3
0,1 0,05

0,05 0,05

n Cu(NO3 )2 d = 0,1 mol

mdd gim = mCu + mCl2 = 0,05.64 + 0,05.71 = 6,75 gam < 10,75 gam
Cu(NO3)2 tip tc b in phn

mdd gim = 6,75 + 64a + 0,5a.32 = 10,75 a = 0,05 mol <

= 0,1mol

Vy trong dung dch cn Cu(NO3)2, KNO3 v HNO3.

Gii
Axit hai chc, mch h c 1 lin kt C=C CTTQ: CnH2n-4O4

Ta c:

Bo ton nguyn t

Trang 101
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

maxit = x = mC + m H + mO =
V=

V
55V
5V y
.12 + 2.y +
- .4.16 =
- 30y
22, 4
28
224 2

28
x + 30y
55

Gii
Ta c:
Khi cho Fe v Cu vo dung dch theo th t trong dy in ho Fe s phn ng trc
Nhn xt khi lng cht rn thu c sau phn ng l 0,75m ln hn 0,7m khi lng ca Cu,
vy chng t Cu khng tham gia phn ng.
mFe phn ng = 0,25m gam
Do Fe d nn mui thu c cha ion Fe2+
S phn ng

Bo ton nguyn t N
n[N] = n[N]
axit

Fe(NO3 )2

+ n[N]
NO x

0, 7 x.2 + 0,25 x = 0, 225 mol

nFe phn ng = 0,225 mol mFe phn ng = 12,6 gam = 0,25m

m = 50,4 gam

Gii

C 2 H 6

C2 H 2 x mol Ni,t C2 H 4 dd Br2 C2 H 6

M = 16

H 2 x mol
H 2
C 2 H 2
H 2
X
0,2 mol
Y

Ta c:
tng

= 10,8 gam
Trang 102

LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

mC2H6 + mH2 = 16.0,2 = 3,2 gam

mX = mY = mC2H4 + mC2H2 + mC2H6 + mH2 = 14 gam

mX = mC2H2 + mH2 = 26x + 2x = 14

x = 0,5 mol
t chy trng thi Y cng nh t chy trng thi X
5
O 2 2CO 2 + H 2O
2
0,5 1,25 mol
n O2 = 1,5 mol VO2 = 33, 6 lt
1
H2 +
O 2 H 2O
2
0,5 0,25 mol
C2 H 2 +

Gii

n CO2 = 0,03

Ta c: n OH- = 0,05

n Ca 2+ = 0,0125

1<

n OHn CO2

1, 67 < 2 c 2 trng hp xy ra

p dng cng thc dng tng qut, ta c:

Gii
C7H8 c 4 lien kt
X tc dng vi AgNO3/NH3 th phi c lin kt CC u mch
Phng trnh phn ng tng qut

Trang 103
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

Gii
t cng thc chung ca 3 axit l R(COOH)x
+ NaHCO3
R(COOH) x
xCO2

0,7
x

0,7 mol

Bo ton nguyn t O, ta c:

Gii
nn H2SO4 d, Fe v Al phn ng ht 0,32 gam cht rn l

Nhn xt:
Cu nCu = 0,005
t:
d

= 0,03 0,02 = 0,01 mol

Khi thm 0,005 mol NaNO3 vo , ta ln lt c cc phn ng

n H+ d = 0, 02 -

1
1

tip tc oxi ho Fe2+ trong mi trng NO375 150

3Fe2+ + 4H + + NO3 3Fe3+ + NO + 2H 2 O

0,005

1
1

150
600

0,005

1
600

Nhn thy H+ v NO3- ht, ton b Fe2+ b oxi ho thnh Fe3+, nn trong dung dch sau phn ng
ch cn ion kim loi v SO2-4 0,03 mol
Trang 109
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

mmui = mKL + mSO2- = 0,87 + 23.0,005 + 96.0,03 = 3,865 gam

4

Lu : Ngoi ion kim loi ban u cn c ion Na+

Gii
T khi lng ring ta c:
1,55 gam Ca chim th tch l 1 cm3
1,55

mol Ca chim th tch l 1 cm3

40
cm3 (th tch ny gm nguyn t Ca v khe rng)

1 mol Ca chim th tch l

Th tch thc m cc nguyn t Ca chim ly trong 1 mol =

Vy th tch 1 nguyn t Ca =
Ta c:

Gii
Nhn xt: Cc cht u c cng thc tng qut l CnH2n-2O2
Ta c:
Phng trnh t chy

mCO2 + mH2O = 10,62 gam < m = 18 gam

Vy dung dch X gim 18 10,62 = 7,38 gam so vi ban u

Trang 110
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

Gii
X: R-COO-CH2-CH2-OOC-R
S O = 4 S C = 5
Etylen glicol chim 2C Trong axit c 3C R = H v R = CH3-

Gii

Gii
Nhn xt p n ta c Y l axit 2 chc

Ta c:

Chn n = 2 v n = 3 Chn D.

Trang 111
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

Ch c FeSO4 tc dng vi dung dch KMnO4

Mn +7 + 5e Mn 2
0,05 0,01

Fe2+ Fe3+ + 1e
0,05

0,05

n Fe2+ = 0,02 + 2x = 0,05 x = 0,015 mol = nCu

mCu = 0, 96 gam

KHI B-2011 M 794

Gii
Ta c:
%mN = 11,864% mN = 14,16.11,864% = 168 gam
n N = 0,12 n NO = 0,12
3

mKL = mX - mNO = 14,16 - 0,12.62 = 6,72 gam

3

Gii
T ch s axit bo:
1 gam cht bo cn 7 mg KOH trung ho axit bo t do

200 gam cht bo cn 1400 mg KOH

n NaOH = n KOH = 0,025 mol

C3H5 (OOCR)3 + 3NaOH 3RCOONa + C3H 5 (OH)3

R'COOH

x
mol
3
NaOH R'COONa + H 2O
x mol

0,025

0,025

p dng LBTKL, ta c:
mcht bo + mNaOH = mmui + mglixerol +

Lu :
- Ch s axit: S mg KOH cn trung ho axit bo t do c trong 1 gam cht bo.
- Ch s este: S mg KOH cn x phng ht lng triglixerit c trong 1 gam cht bo.
Trang 114
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

Ch s x phng ho: S mg KOH dng x phng ho ht lng triglixerit v trung

ho lng axit bo t do c trong 1 gam cht bo (tng ch s axit v este).
Ch s iot: S gam iot c th cng vo lin kt bi trong mch cacbon ca 100 gam cht
bo.

Gii
S tn Fe3O4 c trong x tn qung manhetit = 0,8x (tn) n Fe3O4 =

0,8x
tmol
232

S tn Fe c trong 800 tn gang = 800.95% = 760 (tn)

Lng st b hao ht 1% H = 99%
H = 99%
Fe3O4
3Fe

0,8x
232

3Fe trong gang

3.0,8x.99%
3.0,8x.99%

232
232
3.0,8x.99%
.56 760 x = 1325,16 tn
mFe trong gang =
232

Gii
n - = 0,168
OH
Ta c: n Ba 2+ = 0,012 n BaSO = 0,012 m BaSO = 2,796 gam
4
4

n SO24 = 0,02
Kt ta gm c Al(OH)3 v BaSO4
mAl(OH)3 = 3,732 - mBaSO4 = 0,936 gam n Al(OH)3 = 0,012

X + Y:

H + + OH - H 2O
0,1 0,1
d

= 0,168 0,1 = 0,068 >

c 2 phn ng xy ra:

p dng cng thc:

Trang 115
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

RCHO + H 2 RCH 2 OH
1 mol
1
Na
RCH 2OH
H2
2
1

0,5 mol
1

V = 11,2 lt

Gii
Ta c: %N = 15,73

14.1
=0,1573 M R = 89 X: NH 2 -CH 2 -COO-CH 3
MR

S phn ng:

m = 2,67 gam

Gii
Lu : Tnh oxi ha tng dn theo th t:

C ngha l Zn s kh Fe3+ xung Fe2+ ri xung Fe

Phng trnh phn ng:

mdd gim = mZn mFe = 9,6 65(0,12 + x) 56x = 9,6 x = 0,2 mol
nZn = 0,32 mol m = 20,8 gam

Gii
Trang 123
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

C4H10 C4H8 + H2 Br2

C4H10 C4H6 + 2H2 2Br2
C4H10
Ta c: MX = 23,2
Gi s n C4H10 ban u = 1, p dng LBTKL, ta c:

mC4H10 = m X 58.n C4H10 = n Y .M Y

1.58 = n Y .23,2 n Y = 2, 5
Vy 2,5 mol Y cn 1,5 mol Br2
0,6 mol Y cn 0,36 mol

Gii
p dng LBT e:

Vy 20 ml c 0,015 mol Fe2+

150 ml c 0,1125 mol Fe2+

Gii
Ta c:
S H =

Y c 1 nhm COOH v Z a chc, do khng c axit hu c no c 1H nn c hai axit u c

2H
Y: HCOOH (x mol) v HOOC-COOH (y mol)
Trang 124
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

Gi s a = 1, ta c h phng trnh:

mHCOOH = 18,4
x + y = 1
x = 0,4

%mHCOOH = 25, 41%

m
=
54
(COOH)
y = 0,6
x + 2y = n CO2 = 1,6

CO (k )
Ban u:
Phn ng:
Kt thc:

0,2
x
(0,2 x)

KC =

Gii
CO2 (k ) + H2 (k )

H2O (k )
0,3
x
(0,3 x)

x
x

x
x

[CO2 ][H 2 ]
x2

1
[CO][H 2O] (0,2 - x)(0,3 - x)

x = 0,12 mol
0, 08

n CO = 0,08 [CO] =
0, 008M

10

n =0,18 [H O] = 0,18 0, 018M

H O
2

10
2

Gii
Gi x l s mol ca Cu tham gia phn ng:
Cu + 2Ag + Cu 2 + 2Ag
x 2x
x
Trong X c (0,08 2x) mol Ag+ v x mol Cu2+
Cho Zn vo X, p dng LBT e ta c:

Ag +

1e

Ag

(0, 08 - 2x) (0,08 - 2x)

Cu 2+ +
x

2e
2x

Cu

Zn Zn 2+ + 2e
0,04

0,08

= 0,08

nZn d = 0,09 0,04 = 0,05 mol mZn d = 3,25 gam

Ta c khi lng Ag kt thc 2 phn ng = 0,08.108 = 8,64 gam (do Zn d nn AgNO3 ht)
mcht rn c 2 phn ng = 10,53 + 7,76 = 18,29
Trang 125
LangQuang.YDS

 September 2011

mCu + mAg + mZn d = 18,29 mCu = 6,4 gam

Nhn xt: Cu tham gia phn ng (1) sau c to thnh phn ng (2) vi khi lng bng
nhau, c th xem Cu khng thay i khi lng trong phn ng.

----------The End----------

Muc luc:
Nam

Trang

A-2007.......................................... 1
B-2007 .......................................... 17
A-2008.......................................... 27
B-2008 .......................................... 37
A-2009.......................................... 47
B-2009 .......................................... 60
A-2010.......................................... 74
B-2010 .......................................... 89
A-2011.......................................... 101
B-2011 .......................................... 114

Trn y l bi gii cc thi i hc cc nm, hi vng n s gip ch cho cc bn trong ma

thi i hc sp n, trong bi gii t nhiu cng c sai st, cc bn hy gp v gi phn hi
v:
LangQuang@yahoo.com

Khoa Y H Y Dc Tp.HCM

Chuc cac ban thanh cong trong k thi sap en !

Trang 126
LangQuang.YDS