SURFACE COATING

INDUSTRIES
CHE 432
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS

Introduction
Divided into:
Paints: opaque solid coatings applied as thin
layers, formed by polymerization of
polyunsaturated oil
Varnishes: clear coatings
Enamels: pigmented varnishes
Lacquers: films formed by evaporation only
Printing inks
Polishes

Functions
Decorative - paints decorate by its colors,
textures, finishes and its different levels of
gloss
Protective different paints offer
protection to different types of substrates
depending on formulation, paints can
protect against high humidity, chemicals,
oil, corrosion, algae, abrasion, etc.

Paint Composition
Liquid phase (vehicle) : dispersion of finely
divided pigment composed of resin or binder
and volatile solvent
Characteristics of pigment:
- inorganic substance or pure insoluble organic
dye (toner)
- opaque to ensure good covering power and
chemically inert to secure stability
- non toxic or low toxicity
- wet by the film-forming constituents and low
cost

Classification of paints
Emulsion-based paints: emulsion of binder
in water, binder can be oil, acrylic or
polyvinyl acetate resin
Water-thinned paints
Casein-based paints
Resin-emulsion paints
Latex-based paints: eased of applicationsquick drying, low odor, easy cleaning,
great durability and impermeability to dirt.

Paint formulation
Specific requirements such as:
- hiding power
- color
- weather resistance
- washability
- gloss
- metal anticorrosive properties
- consistency

Manufacturing Procedures
Involved chemical conversions
Step 1: weighing, assembling and mixing
pigments and vehicles
Step 2: further grinding and mixing
Step 3: Tinting and thinning of paints in agitated
tanks
Step 4: transfer to hopper, centrifuge, screened
and filtered to remove nondispersed pigments
Step 5: filling in cans or drums, labeled, packed
and moved to storage (automated)

Paint failure
Chalking: progressive powdering of the paint film
from the surface caused by continued and
destructive oxidation of the oil after the original
drying of the paint
Erosion: rapid chalking
Flaking/peeling: poor attachment of the paint to
the surface due to dirt or grease on surface
Alligatoring: type of peeling in which center
portion of section starting to peel remains
attached to the surface
Checking: fine type of surface cracking