B GIO DC&O TO

TRNG I HC S PHM K THUT THNH PH H CH MINH

KHOA IN-IN T

------

BO CO ANTEN

GVHD: Trng Quang Phc

SVTH: Nhm 5
1. Nguyn c Anh
2. Tng Th Thm
3. Trn Vn Ton

Tp.H Ch Minh, thng 11/2014

I. MC TIU

Thc tp vin thng 2

II.

Sau khi hc xong bi ny ngi hc c kh nng:

Trnh by c khi nim anten, phn bit c cc loi anten
Trnh by c cc c tnh ca anten
o c, tin hnh c 1 s bi th nghim v ATS05
Tnh ton v v c th bc x ca anten
S dng phn mm PCADD v th bc x
C thi hc tp nghim tc
Chp hnh ng ni quy ti phng thc tp

C S L THUYT V ANTEN
1. NH NGHA
Anten l thit b dng bc x v (hoc) thu nhn nng
lng in t.
Anten l thit b dng truyn nng lung in t gia my
pht v my thu m khng cn phng tin truyn dn tp
trung.
Bc x in t: t nhng vng c in tch hay dng in
bin thin c th bc x sng in t lan truyn trong khng
gian. Cc vng c in tch hay dng in bin thin gi l
ngun bc x.

2. CC LOI ANTEN
Dipole di rng

Nhm 5

GVHD: Trng Quang PhcTrang 1

Thc tp vin thng 2

Hnh 1.1: Dipole di rng

C cc loi:
Dipole c ng knh ln
Dipole nn kp
Dipole b vng
Anten Yagi

Hnh 1.2: Anten Yagi

Anten Helic
Anten Parabol
Anten Vi di

Hnh 1.3: Anten vi di

3. CC THNG S C BN CA ANTEN
Bc x ca mt phn t dng in cn c gi l bc x lng
cc. c dng nh ngha cc thng s c bn ca anten ni
chung.

Nhm 5

GVHD: Trng Quang PhcTrang 2

Thc tp vin thng 2

Kiu bc x: Phn b tng i ca cng sut bc x nh l hm

ca hng bc x trong khng gian
Tia na cng sut: Gia cc im m cng sut bc x= cng sut
cc i
H s nh hng cc i(thng vit tt l h s nh hng) c
trng cho kh nng ca anten tp trung nng lng bc x theo mt
hng cho trc.
li G(,)nca 1 anten c nh ngha tng t nh h s nh
hng, nhng cng sut bc x c thay bng cng sut ton phn
t vo anten Pin.
in tr bc x Ra: l in tr tng ng tiu th cng 1 lng
cng sut nh anten bc x khi dng cung cp nh nhau.

4. H THNG BC X
H thng bc x l kt hp nhiu anten n l thnh h thng bc x
nhm ci thin th bc x, tng nh hng.

Hnh 1.4: H thng bc x

iu khin nh hng bng cch thay i bin v pha kch

thch tng anten ring l.

5. CC C TNH CA ANTEN
5.1TR KHNG
Mc ch : Phi hp tr khng vi ng truyn tn hiu v t c
hiu sut cao
Nhm 5

GVHD: Trng Quang PhcTrang 3

Thc tp vin thng 2

Trng hp l tng : tr khng vo Ra, khi ni trc tip anten

vi ng truyn c tr khng c trng Zc (Zc= Ra).
H s phn x ti sng u vo:
=

Z aZ C
Z a+ Z C

Tr khng ca anten:
Za =

Pr + Pd +2 j(W mW e )
0.5 I 0 I 0

Tr khng tng h: khi 2 anten dipole t gn nhau, phn b dng

trn anten chu nh hng bi trng bc x ca anten cn li.

5.2HIU SUT

PD-PR=(1-e)PA
1
PA= 2 RA|IA|2
PR=
PD=

1
2
1
2

RR|IA|2
RD|IA|2

6. TRNG IN T BC X T CA ANTEN
Nhm 5

GVHD: Trng Quang PhcTrang 4

Thc tp vin thng 2

jkr
( r = e
[F(,). ^ + F(,). ^ ]
E
r

5.3MT CNG SUT

r
r
W ( =| |=

III.

2
2
1
F ( , ) + F ( , ) ]
2 [

2r

GII THIU THIT B

1. GII THIU S LC ATS05 V CC BC
HNH TH NGHIM
1.1 GII THIU
DOWN: Nt nhn ny dng gim tn s theo bc nhy c
chn. Ngoi ra nt ny cn dng cun xung menu la chn v v tr
nh.
MENU: Nt nhn ny dng la chn ch lm vic cng nh l
bc nhy tn s t 50Khz n lOOMhz.
ENTER: Dng lu cc tn s ring bit ti cc v tr hin thi ca b
nh. V cng c dng la chn v lu tr li cc bc nhy tn s
v thit lp truyn d liu ni tip.
ESCAPE: Dng lu cc tn s ring bit ti cc v tr hin thi ca
b nh. V cng c dng la chn v lu tr li cc bc nhy tn
s v thit lp truyn d liu ni tip.
FM/CW: Cng tc gt dng o c anten khi cc mc cn li mc
n nh. FM dng iu tn ting ni trong thng tin vi di tn gii
hn lOOKhz.
MIC/INT 1KHZ: Cng tc gt dng la chn tn hiu iu ch c
a vo t microphone hoc l tn hiu sin lKhz c pht ra t bn
trong.
FM DIVIATION: Chic p c dng thay i di tn ca tn hiu
FM, khi xoay theo chiu kim ng h s lm tng di tn v ngc
li.
MIC: Dng kt ni vi microphone nhn tn hiu ting ni vo
iu tn theo tn s sng mang c hin th trn mn hnh.
MOD EXIT IN: Dng kt ni vi cc tn hiu m tn t bn ngoi
vo iu tn theo sng mang c lo ra.

Nhm 5

GVHD: Trng Quang PhcTrang 5

Thc tp vin thng 2

RF OUT: Ti y tn s c pht theo tn s t 86Mhz-860Mhz, tr

khng ng ra ca n l 50 Ohms. Anten pht c kt ni vi ng ra
ny dng cc u ni BNC. Vi mc ng ra khong 110 dBuV.
RF IN: Ti y tn hiu c thu vi dy tn s t 86-860Mhz. Tr
khng ca n l 50 ohms.
RS 232: Dng truyn d liu vi my tnh thng qua cp RS 232. e
truyn c d liu thng qua cp RS232 vi my tnh ta cn m nt
MENU nhiu ln n khi hin ch truyn d liu ni tip chn
yes. Ket ni cp RS2323 vi my tnh m giao din phn mm
AMITEC ANTENNA PLOTTING lc ny xut hin hp thoi yu cu
chn cng kt ni. Ta chn Comport 1 v bt u qu trnh truyn d
liu.
HIGH LOW: mode high nhy ca my thu l cc i. mode
low nhy ca my thu xp x 40dB tr xung.
DOWN CONVER TER: Ti ng ra ny tn hiu c tn s 39Mhz, c th
dng kt ni vo cc my phn tch ph xem iu ch FM v mc
tn hiu cao tn thu c. Khi tn hiu thu c cao tn thu c gim
th tn s ny cng gim theo xu hng ca b thu.
RSSI: L b ch bo mnh ca tn hiu thu c. in p ng ra ti
DC ti y tng ng vi mc ca tn hiu cao tn thu c.
FM DEMODULATION: Cho ra tn hiu gii iu ch FM. Ta c th
nghe c tn hiu gii iu ch ny thng qua loa.
VOLUME: iu chnh m lng ca tn hiu c gii iu ch.
STEPPER IN: Cp stepper c cng tc ti u cui ca cp c th
dng kt ni vi ng vo. iu chnh b thu ch auto n cng
tc ng vi mi v tr.

1.2 CC LOI ANTEN KHO ST

Hnh 2.1: Anten dipole

Nhm 5

GVHD: Trng Quang PhcTrang 6

Thc tp vin thng 2

Hnh 2.2: Anten yagi 4el

Hnh 2.3: Anten patch

Hnh 2.4: Anten vng vung

Nhm 5

GVHD: Trng Quang PhcTrang 7

Thc tp vin thng 2

Hnh 2.5: Anten ch v

Hnh 2.6:Mng broadsite

Hnh 2.8:Mng Enfire

IV.

CC BC TIN HNH TH NGHIM

Bc 1: Lp rp 2 gi 1 bn pht v mt bn thu.
Bc 2: Tin hnh kt ni anten thu vi anten pht vi my o ATS05.
Bc 3: o v c kt qu ghi vo bng s liu

4.1 KT QU TH NGHIM (ANTEN YAGI)

4.1.1 Bng s liu
Nhm 5

GVHD: Trng Quang PhcTrang 8

Thc tp vin thng 2

Ln o
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37

0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180

Gi tr(dB)
54
62
57
60
59
60
60
57
59.6
61
56
53
60
55
66
63.2
63.8
61.4
62.4
64.2
63.1
60.4
65
61.8
62.9
61.5
61.1
62
64
52.2
57.9
60.3
60.3
59.5
57.8
54
54

Ln o
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73

4.1.2 V bng excel

Nhm 5

GVHD: Trng Quang PhcTrang 9

185
190
195
200
205
210
215
220
225
230
235
240
245
250
255
260
265
270
275
280
285
290
295
300
305
310
315
320
325
330
335
340
345
350
355
360

Gi tr(dB)
54
64
59.4
56.9
57.8
61.8
62.8
61.5
62.8
61.2
59.5
60.1
60.7
59.7
62.2
61.4
61.7
61.7
62.2
61.9
59.4
57
58.9
56.7
58.6
58.3
59.9
58.9
57.3
58.7
57.2
57.9
59.1
61.9
62.9
64.1

Thc tp vin thng 2

Anten YAGI 4
0510
360
355
350
12
5025
340345
335
30
330
35
325
40
100
320
45
315
50
310
55
305
60
300
65
50
295
70
290
75
285
80
280
85
275
90
0
270
95
265
100
260
105
255
110
250
115
245
120
240
125
235
130
230
135
225
140
220
145
215
150
210205
160155
200
165
195
170
190
175
185
180

4.2
Ln o
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Nhm 5

Anten YAGI 4

KT QU TH NGHIM (ANTEN DIPOLE)

4.2.1 Bng s liu

0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105

Gi tr(dB)
61.1
62.5
63.4
63.8
63.9
63
59.5
59
60.3
59.7
59
62
61.7
62.5
65
61
60.7
51
60
61.5
59
60.5

Ln o
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59

GVHD: Trng Quang PhcTrang 10

185
190
195
200
205
210
215
220
225
230
235
240
245
250
255
260
265
270
275
280
285
290

Gi tr(dB)
61.3
60.7
61.1
61.3
61.44
61.2
60.4
61.5
60.7
60.9
60.5
60.8
60.3
61.7
62.8
62.7
62.8
62.9
62.7
61.7
60.8
60.3

Thc tp vin thng 2

23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37

110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180

61
60.5
60.7
59
58.7
58
59.7
58.8
58.1
60.6
60.5
60.7
60.6
61.3
60.9

60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73

295
300
305
310
315
320
325
330
335
340
345
350
355
360

61.7
62.8
62.7
62.8
62.9
62.7
62.8
62.9
63.1
63
62.7
62.8
63
62.9

4.2.2 V bng excel

3600 51015
355
350
20 25
340345
335
3035
330
100
325
40
320
45
315
50
310
55
305
60
300
65
50
295
70
290
75
285
80
280
85
275
90
0
270
95
265
100
260
105
255
110
250
115
245
120
240
125
235
130
230
135
225
140
220
145
215
150
210205
155
160
200
165
195
170
190
175
185
180

4.3

Nhm 5

KT LUN
4.3.1 Anten yagi
GVHD: Trng Quang PhcTrang 11

Gi tr(dB)

Thc tp vin thng 2

Trong qu trnh lm th nghim ta thy rng c tnh ca anten b

nh hng bi chiu di, khong cch v v tr ca chng.
Cc phn t dn x l phn quan trng nht trong vic thit k yagi,
n iu khin tr khng ng vo, cc mc bc x ph v t s trc
sau ca anten.
4.3.2 Anten dipole
Khi thay i chiu di ca anten dipole th gc na cng sut gim
4.4

M PHNG

4.4.1 GII THIU PHN MM

PCAAD l mt cng c m phng cc c tnh ca anten gip ngi
dng c th kho st c cc c tnh nh: tnh hng tnh, h s nh
hng ca anten, li (hay tng ch), tnh bc x ca anten...
Chng trnh cho php ngi kho st v c cc th trong cc h ta
cc, h ta vung gc dng 2-D v 3-D. Ngi kho st c th kho
st c cc c tnh tr khng sng v t s sng ng v tnh ton phi
hp tr khng theo s Smith.
4.4.2 KT QU M PHNG
Anten yagi-uda l mt h thng bc x gm mt s phn t dipole thng
nh sau:
Mt phn t c cp in trc tip bng ng dy truyn dn gi l
Driven (phn t c cp in), cn cc phn t cn li c gi l cc b
bc x k sinh m dng ca n c cm ng bng cch ghp tng h,
thng thng phn t c cp in ca yagi l dipole b vng nhng trong
th nghim ny phn t c cp in c dng l dipole thng.
B bc x ny c thit k hot ng nh l h thng bc x trc, cc
phn t k bc x ny c thit k hot ng nh l h thng bc x
trc, cc phn t k sinh theo chiu bc x thun l cc thanh hng x.
Yagi 4
(Space=15cm)
Yagi 3

Director #2
20cm
Director #1
22cm

Director #1
22cm
Fed element
24cm

Yagi 4

Nhm 5

GVHD: Trng Quang PhcTrang 12

Fed element
24cm
Reflector
26cm

Reflector
26cm
Space
7cm

Thc tp vin thng 2

Hnh1.6 th bc x yagi 4

Yagi 3

Nhm 5

GVHD: Trng Quang PhcTrang 13

Thc tp vin thng 2

Hnh1.7 th bc x yagi 3

Nhm 5

GVHD: Trng Quang PhcTrang 14

Thc tp vin thng 2

Hnh 1.8 th bc x yagi3 (2D)

V. NG DNG
Trong thng tin v tuyn, anten l mt h thng cho php truyn v nhn
nng lng trng in t. Anten cng c th c xem nh l mt thit b
dng truyn nng lng trng in t gia my pht v my thu m
khng cn bt c phng tin truyn dn tp trung no: nh cp ng, cp
quang hay ng dn sng.
Trongnhiu ng dng, anten hon ton c th so snh c vi cc phng
tin truyn dn khc chuyn ti nng lng trng in t. Chnh do
hiu ng da nn vic s dng dy dn truyn ti thng tin tr nn km
hiu qu trong cc h thngthng tin tn s cao, lc ny anten cng th hin
c s vt tri ca mnhtrong vic trong vic chuyn ti cc trng in
t.
c bit trong cc h thngthng tin cc khu vc c a hnh phc tp
hoc cc khu vc t dn c, vic xy dng cc h thng hu tuyn tr nn
tn km v kh khn th thng tin v tuyn c chn l gii php ti u
Nm1886: nh vt l ngi c, Heinrich Hertz kim tra bng th
nghim s tn tica sng in t, ng pht trin cc lng cc n gin
v cc anten vng.
Nm1987: nh vt l ngi Nga, Alexander Popov pht trin tuyn
anten u tinv c kh nng truyn tn hiu khong cch ba dm.

Nhm 5

GVHD: Trng Quang PhcTrang 15

Thc tp vin thng 2

Nm1901: Guglielmo Marconi ng thnh cng vi h thng thng tin v

tuyn xuyn i Ty Dng vi tn s hot ng l 60Khz. Nm1916: ln
u tin s dng k thut iu bin truyn tn hiu ting ni.
Nm1920: vic to ra cc tn hiu c tn s cao ln n 1Mhz nn lm cho
cc antenc kch thc nh v in.
Nm1930: cc ngun dao ng cao tn c tao ra vi tn s ln n dy
Ghz.
Nm1934: h thng v tuyn in thoi thng mi u tin c to ra
hot ng giaAnh v Php vi tn s hot ng 1.8Ghz.
Nm1940-1945: t c nhiu kt qu nghin cu trong vic pht trin
radar, cc mng v cc anten thu knh. Nm1945 n nay: k nguyn ca
anten hin i.
Anten hin i cho php phn phicc tn hiu v tuyn trn phm vi ton
th gii, cho php thng thoi c tnhton cu nhanh chng.
Cc ng dng trong cng ngh thng tin v tinh, v sbng n ca cng
ngh vin thng dn n lnh vc anten ang thu ht c rtnhiu s quan
tm.

VI.

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. L Tin Thng Trn Vn S, Truyn sng v awnten, nh xut bn i
hc Quc gia TP.H Ch Minh, nm 2011
2. http://www.academia.edu/6150182/B%C3%A1o_c%C3%A1o_b
%C3%A0i_t%E1%BA%ADp_l%E1%BB%9Bn_He_thong_vien_thong

Nhm 5

GVHD: Trng Quang PhcTrang 16