TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 7542-1 : 2005 (ISO 4531-1 : 1998);

TCVN 7542-2 : 2005 (ISO 4531-2 : 1998);
TCVN 7543 : 2005 (ISO 2747 : 1998)
MEN THY TINH V MEN S - S THI RA CA CH V CADIMI T CC DNG C TRNG
MEN KHI TIP XC VI THC PHM - DNG C TRNG MEN DNG UN NU
BAN HNH NM 2005
MC LC
TCVN 7542-1 : 2005
ISO 4531-1 : 1998
TCVN 7542-2: 2005
ISO 4531-2 : 1998
TCVN 7543 : 2005
ISO 2747 : 1998

Men thy tinh v men s - S thi ra ca ch v cadimi t cc

dng c trng men khi tip xc vi thc phm. Phn 1: Phng
php th.
Men thy tinh v men s - S thi ra ca ch v cadimi t cc
dng c trng men khi tip xc vi thc phm. Phn 2: Gii hn
cho php.
Men thy tinh v men s - Dng c trng men dng un nu
- Xc nh bn sc nhit.

Li ni u
TCVN 7542-1 : 2005 hon ton tng ng vi ISO 4531-1 : 1998.
TCVN 7542-2 : 2005 hon ton tng ng vi ISO 4531-2 : 1998.
TCVN 7543: 2005 hon ton tng ng vi ISO 2747 : 1998.
TCVN 7542 : 2005 gm 2 phn:
TCVN 7542-1 : 2005 Men thy tinh v men s - S thi ra ca ch v cadimi t cc dng c trng
men khi tip xc vi thc phm. Phn 1: Phng php th.
- TCVN 7542-2 : 2005 Men thy tinh v men s - S thi ra ca ch v cadimi t cc dng c
trng men khi tip xc vi thc phm. Phn 2: Gii hn cho php.
TCVN 7542-1 : 2005; TCVN 7542-2 : 2005; TCVN 7543: 2005 do Tiu ban K thut tiu chun
TCVN/TC 107/SC 2 Dng c gia dng bng thy tinh v s trng men bin son, Tng cc Tiu
chun o lng Cht lng ngh, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh ban hnh.

TCVN 7542-1 : 2005

MEN THY TINH V MEN S - S THI RA CA CH V CADIMI T CC DNG C TRNG
MEN KHI TIP XC VI THC PHM - PHN 1: PHNG PHP TH
Vitreous and porcelain enamels - Release of lead and cadmium from enamelled ware in contact
with food - Part 1: Method of test
1. Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun ny quy nh phng php th xc nh s thi ra ca ch v cadimi t cc dng
c c trng men dng tip xc vi thc phm (k c ung).
Tiu chun ny p dng cho cc dng c c trng men k c bnh v chu dng chun b,
phc v ba n, bo qun thc phm.
Tiu chun ny cng quy nh phng php th xc nh s thi ra ca ch v cadimi t vnh
ung.

Tiu chun ny khng p dng cho dng c bng gm, dng c thy tinh v dng c gm thy
tinh.
2. Ti liu vin dn
Cc ti liu vin dn sau rt cn thit cho vic p dng tiu chun. i vi cc ti liu vin dn
ghi nm ban hnh th p dng bn c nu. i vi cc ti liu vin dn khng ghi nm ban
hnh th p dng phin bn mi nht, bao gm c cc sa i.
TCVN 4851 - 89 (ISO 3696: 1987), Nc dng phn tch trong phng th nghim - Yu cu k
thut v phng php th.
TCVN 7149 - 2: 2002 (ISO 385 - 2: 1984), Dng c th nghim bng thy tinh - Buret - Phn 2:
Buret khng quy nh thi gian ch;
TCVN 7151: 2002 (ISO 648 - 1977), Dng c th nghim bng thy tinh - Pipet mt mc.
TCVN 7153: 2002 (ISO 1042: 1998), Dng c th nghim bng thy tinh - Bnh nh mc.
TCVN 7542 - 2 (ISO 4531 -2: 1998), Men thy tinh v men s - S thi ra ca ch v cadimi t
cc dng c trng men khi tip xc vi thc phm - Phn 2: Gii hn cho php.
ISO 2723, Vitreous and porcelain enamels for sheet steel - Production of specimens for testing
(Men thy tinh v men s dng cho thp tm - Ch to mu th).
ISO 2724, Vitreous and porcelain enamels for cast iron - Production of specimens for testing
(Men thy tinh v men s dng cho gang - Ch to mu th).
ISO 3585: 1998, Borosilicat glassware 3.3 - Properties (Thy tinh borosilicat 3.3 - Tnh cht)
ISO 4788 Laboretory glassware - Graduated measuring cylinders (Dng c th nghim bng thy
tinh - ng ong chia )
3. Thut ng v nh ngha
Trong tiu chun ny, p dng nhng thut ng v nh ngha sau y.
3.1. Men thy tinh [vitreous enamel (USA: porcelain, enamel)]
Vt liu thy tinh dng mt hoc nhiu lp mng ph bm ln b mt ca sn phm kim loi,
c to ra bng cch nung chy mt hn hp v c hoc bt thy tinh trn b mt sn phm
(xem thy tinh frit).
3.2. Dng c trng men (enamelled ware)
Dng c kim loi c ph bng men thy tinh hoc men s.
3.3. Dng c ng thc phm (foodware)
Dng c c dng vi mc ch chun b, nu nng, phc v ba n v bo qun thc
phm hoc ung bao gm c bnh v chu.
3.4. Dng c c lng nng phng (flat ware)
Dng c khng y nc c v dng c c th y nc c, c su bn trong
khng qu 25 mm, c o t im su nht n pha trn ca ming.
CH THCH - Dng c c lng nng phng bao gm c cc mu th th dng c trng men
s thy tinh, vt cha v dng un nc.
3.5. Dng c c lng su (hollow ware)
Dng c c th y nc c c su ln hn 25 mm, c o t im su nht n
pha trn ca ming, tr cc loi dng c lng su c dung tch y vt qu 3 lt c xp
vo loi l bnh dng bo qun; v d dng c dng cho nh bp nh chu, ni v m un
nc.
3.6. Dng c nu (cooking ware)

Dng c ng thc phm, ch dng un nng khi ch bin thc phm v ung bng cc
phng php nh hp, un, ninh, hm, quay, nng hoc cho l vi sng; chng hn nh cc
dng c l ni nu, l nng, l quay, soufles, bnh lc v ni nu nc st.
3.7. Bnh, chu dng bo qun (storage vessel, tank)
Cc dng c c dung tch bng hoc ln hn 3 lt.
3.8. Vnh ung (drinking rim)
Phn rng 20 mm o c t trn ming dc theo thnh bnh b mt bn ngoi ca bnh dng
ung.
3.9. Dung dch th (test solution)
Dung dch c dng chit ch v cadimi t b mt men thy tinh.
3.10. Dung dch chit (extract solution)
Dung dch axit thu c do s thi ra t b mt men thy tinh vo dung dch th.
3.11. Dung dch mu o (sample measuring solution)
Dung dch dng o nng ca cht cn phn tch v c th l dung dch chit hoc mt
dung dch chit c pha long cho ph hp.
3.12. Cht cn phn tch (analyte)
Nguyn t hoc thnh phn cn xc nh.
3.13. Dung dch gc (stock solution)
Dung dch c thnh phn thch hp cha cht cn phn tch c nng cao bit.
3.14. Dung dch chun (standard solution)
Dung dch cha cht cn phn tch c nng thch hp bit pha cc dung dch hiu
chun.
3.15. Dy cc dung dch hiu chun (set of calibration solutions)
Dy cc dung dch hiu chun n hoc tng hp c nng cht cn phn tch khc nhau.
Dung dch "0", theo nguyn tc l dung dch c nng cht cn phn tch bng "0".
3.16. Quang ph hp th nguyn t (atomic absorption spectrometry) (AAS)
Phng php xc nh cc nguyn t ha hc trn c s o s hp th tia bc x c trng bi
cc nguyn t trong pha kh.
3.17. Khong lm vic ti u (optimum working range)
Khong nng ca mt cht phn tch qua mi lin quan gia hp th v nng c
biu th bng mt ng thng tuyn tnh, hoc gn nh tuyn tnh sao cho mt s sai lch ti
gii hn bt buc khng nh hng r rng n mt s php xc nh phn tch.
3.18. Phng php xc nh trc tip; k thut ng cong phn tch (direct method of
determination, analytical-curve-technique)
Phng php bao gm vic ghp cc gi tr o c vo hm phn tch, t suy ra nng
ca cht cn phn tch.
3.19. Hm phn tch; hm hiu chun (analytical function, calibration function)
Hm s lin quan n cc gi tr nng vi gi tr c trng thu c t dy cc dung dch hiu
chun.
CH THCH - th ca cc hm s ny c gi l "ng cong phn tch ( th hiu chun)"
3.20. K thut iu chnh (bracketing technique)

Phng php iu chnh di hp th c o hoc nng ca dung dch th nm gia hai gi

tr o trn cc dung dch hiu chun vi cc nng .
4. Nguyn tc
B mt trng men c cho tip xc vi dung dch axit axtc 4 % (V/V) trong 24 gi nhit
22 oC chit ch v/hoc cadimi, nu thi ra, t cc b mt ca dng c hoc cc mu th.
Lng ch v cadimi chit c s c xc nh bng phng php quang ph hp th nguyn
t ngn la (FAAS).
CH THCH - Trong cc php th thng thng, c th s dng cc phng php phn tch
tng ng khc.
5. Thuc th
Trong qu trnh xc nh, ch s dng thuc th loi tinh khit phn tch v nc ct, hoc nc
c tinh khit tng ng [nc loi 3 ph hp vi yu cu ca TCVN 4851-89 (ISO 3696:
1987)].
Cho php pha ch lng dung dch th v dung dch phn tch ln hn nhng t l phi theo quy
nh 5.2, 5.4 v 5.5.
5.1. Axit axtc, bng, (CH3COOH), t trng p = 1,05 g/ml
5.2. Dung dch th, dung dch axit axtc, 4 % (V/V)
Dng ng ong chia (6.7) thm 40 ml 1 ml axit axtc bng (5.1) vo 500 ml nc, v pha
thnh 1 lt. Chun b dung dch th mi trc khi dng, v vi s lng va c th hon
thnh mi php th v phn tch.
5.3. Dung dch phn tch gc
5.3.1. Dung dch ch gc (1 g ch trong 1 lt)
Chun b dung dch phn tch gc c cha 1 000 mg 1 mg ch trong mt lt dung dch th (5.2).
C th dng cc dung dch ch c bn sn ngoi th trng, dung dch c cung cp ny c
nng tng ng chnh xc bit.
1 ml dung dch gc ny

1 mg ch.

5.3.2. Dung dch cadimi gc (1 g cadimi trong 1 lt)

Chun b dung dch phn tch gc c cha 1 000 mg 1 mg cadimi trong mt lt dung dch th
(5.2).
C th dng cc dung dch cadimi c bn sn ngoi th trng, dung dch c cung cp ny c
nng tng ng chnh xc bit.
1 ml dung dch gc ny

1 mg cadimi.

5.4. Dung dch phn tch chun

5.4.1. Dung dch ch chun (0,1 g ch trong 1 lt)
Dng pipet mt mc (6.4) chuyn 10 ml dung dch ch gc (5.3.1) vo bnh nh mc 100 ml
(6.3), thm dung dch th (5.2) n vch v trn u. C sau bn tun phi pha dung dch mi.
1 ml dung dch chun ny

0,1 mg ch.

T dung dch ny chun b dung dch hiu chun bng cch dng buret (6.5) pha long vi dung
dch th (5.2), v gi chng trong bnh cha thch hp c chun b. C sau bn tun
phi pha dung dch mi. Cho php chun b dung dch ch hiu chun trc tip t dung dch gc
bng cch dng pipet mt mc hoc pipet chnh xc c pitng vi chu trnh hot ng c nh v
bnh nh mc 500 ml n 2 000 ml.

5.4.2. Dung dch cadimi chun (0,01 g cadimi trong 1 lt)

Dng pipet mt mc (6.4) chuyn 1 ml dung dch cadimi gc (5.3.2) vo bnh nh mc 100 ml
(6.3), thm dung dch th (5.2) n vch v trn u. C sau bn tun phi pha dung dch mi.
1 ml dung dch chun ny

0,01 mg cadimi.

T dung dch ny chun b dung dch hiu chun bng cch dng buret (6.5) pha long vi dung
dch th (5.2), v gi chng trong bnh cha thch hp c chun b. C sau bn tun
phi pha dung dch mi. Cho php chun b dung dch cadimi trc tip t dung dch gc bng
cch dng pipet mt mc hoc pipet chnh xc c pit tng vi chu trnh hot ng c nh v
bnh nh mc 500 ml n 2 000 ml.
5.5. Sp parafin, c im nng chy cao.
CH THCH - Loi sp ph hp, v d nh qui nh trong dc in chu u.
5.6. Cht ty ra, cht ty ra khng cha axit c bn sn ngoi th trng c pha theo ch
dn ca hng sn xut.
5.7. Keo silicon, dng ng hoc ng nh lng, c kh nng to thnh mt bng dnh c
ng knh khong 6 mm.
6. Thit b, dng c
Ch s dng cc dng c th nghim bng thy tinh, ph hp vi qui nh ca cc tiu chun hin
hnh, v c lm bng thy tinh borosilicat nh qui nh ISO 3585.
6.1. My quang ph hp th nguyn t ngn la
C b pht hin gii hn ca ch bng hoc nh hn 0,1 mg/l [trong axit acetic 4 % (V/V)] v ca
cadimi bng hoc nh hn 0,01 mg/l [trong axit acetic 4 % (V/V)] im pht hin gii hn hm
lng nng ca cht cn phn tch c hp th l ba ln lch chun nhiu nn ca h
thng.
CH THCH - Nhiu nn ca h thng c th thu c hoc l t mt lot cc php o hp
th thc hin trn dung dch c cha ch v cadimi mt mt nng m c th pht hin
c trn, nhng n gn nh l thnh phn ca cht dung mi trng, hoc l trc tip o
hp th bng my quang ph hp th nguyn t ca dung mi trng.
6.2. Ngun vch quang ph, cho ch v cadimi.
6.3. Bnh nh mc, dung tch 100 ml v 1000 ml, cp B hoc tt hn ph hp vi qui nh trong
TCVN 7153: 2002 (ISO 1042: 1998). Cc c khc theo yu cu.
6.4. Pipt mt mc, c dung tch 10 ml v 100 ml, cp B hoc tt hn ph hp vi qui nh
trong TCVN 7151: 2002 (ISO 648: 1977). Cc c khc theo yu cu.
6.5. Buret, dung tch 25 ml, c chia t 0,05 ml, cp B hoc tt hn ph hp vi qui nh
trong TCVN 7149 - 2: 2002 (ISO 385 - 2: 1984).
6.6. Np y, cho cc dng c th nghim, v d nh a, mt knh ng h, a petri vi cc c
khc nhau. Cc np phi m nu khng c phng ti.
6.7. ng ong chia , dung tch 50 ml v 500 ml, ph hp vi cc yu cu c qui nh trong
ISO 4788. Cc c khc theo yu cu.
6.8. Thc kim, thanh bng kim loi hoc bng vt liu khc, c t nht mt cnh c khc
du, khc thng v khng c lch vi thng tng ng vi cc vch milimet trn mt mt.
6.9. Dng c o su v thng, c hiu chun theo milimt, s dng kt hp vi thc
kim (6.8)
7. Ly mu

Mu th nghim c ly t nht bn mu ring bit ging nhau, phn bit theo vt liu, hnh
dng, kch thc v ha tit trang tr.
th cc bnh v chu c trng men s v men thy tinh, mu th phi c chun b theo
ISO 2723 hoc ISO 2724. Nhng mu th ny c th nh cc dng c c lng nng phng.
8. Chun b mu th
8.1. S phn bit gia cc dng c c lng nng phng v lng su
T mt nhm cc dng c c ly, chn mt mu ring v t trn mt mt phng nm
ngang. t thc kim (6.8) trn ming ca dng c. Nu dng c c vi rt, t thc kim
ngang vi im thp nht ca vi rt. o khong cch, h, gia im thp nht pha trong ca
dng c v thc kim. Nu dng c c gi tr h nh hn hoc bng 25 mm th c xc nh l
dng c c lng nng phng, cn dng c no c gi tr ca h ln hn 25 mm th c xc nh
l dng c c lng su. Nu dng c c h ranh gii ca c hai trng hp lng nng phng v
lng su, th dng c c xp vo loi dng c c lng nng phng.
8.2. Xc nh din tch b mt tip xc ca dng c c lng nng phng
Lt p mu th trn mt t giy k dng v th v v mt ng quanh vnh ung. Tnh
ton hoc o din tch bao quanh bi ng vin v ghi li din tch S R ny, tnh bng decimet
vung v ly n hai s sau du phy. i vi cc dng c c hnh trn, din tch b mt tip xc
c tnh theo ng knh ca dng c. thun li cho vic xc nh din tch b mt tip xc
ca dng c khng th y c, ch o b mt khng c che chit (8.4 a) hoc 8.4 b)).
CH THCH - Phng php o ny c tnh n nh hng ca ng cong ca cc dng
c.
8.3. Lm sch mu th
Ra sch mu nhanh gn trong dung dch lng cha 1 ml/l cht ty ra nhit 40 o C 5 o C.
X sch di vi nc v sau vi nc ct ri cho ro nc. Lau kh bng giy lc.
Khng s dng mu cn vt bn.
Trong iu kin s dng thng thng, nu c mt din tch b mt ca mu khng cn thit
phi tip xc vi thc phm, tr mt trong ca bt k np y no [xem 8.4 a) v 8.4 b)], sau khi
ra v sy kh, che din tch ny li bng mt lp ph bo v bn di tc dng ca dung dch
th (5.2) v khng b thi nhim bt k lng ch hoc cadimi c th pht hin c vo dung
dch th trong qu trnh th.
Khng s tay ln b mt cc mu s c th sau khi lm sch hoc c chun b.
8.4. Chun b cc dng c khng th y c
Cc dng c khng th y c n 6 mm tnh t im trn nh qui nh 9.2.2.1 c coi
l khng th y c.
a) Ph ln ton b b mt ca dng c ny bng sp parafin nng chy (5.5), tr b mt tip xc
(xem 8.2) v th nh qui nh 9.2.2.2 a) hoc
b) Gn mt di bng bng keo silicon (5.7), rng 6 mm ln b mt trng men xung quanh ton b
chu vi ca dng c. Kim tra di bng v phi bo m di bng keo hon ton tip xc trc tip
vi b mt trng men xung quanh ton b chu vi. nh du cao khong 4 mm ca di bng
keo v cho thm va mt lng dung dch th (5.2). dng c qua m cho keo silicon lu
kh v th nh qui nh 9.2.2.2 b).
8.5. Vnh ung
Xc nh khu vc vnh ung bng cch lt p dng c trn mt mt phng trn nhn, cho
quay trn v dng bt d c nh cao ph hp vi gii hn ca vnh ung (3.8).

Che cn thn phn b mt bn ngoi khng phi th ca dng c bng sp parafin nng chy
(5.5). Np y v quai c vng vnh ung phi th cng mt phng php nh nhau. Cho
php ct ri vnh ung v th ring r.
9. Cch tin hnh
9.1. Yu cu chung
Nu ch xc nh ch, tin hnh chit di cc iu kin nh sng bnh thng trong phng th
nghim. Nu ch xc nh cadimi, hoc cng vi ch, th tin hnh chit trong bng ti.
9.2. Chit
9.2.1. Nhit th
iu ha mu hoc mu th v dung dch th (5.2) nhit 22 o C 2 o C, khi tin hnh theo
9.2.2.
9.2.2. Mi quan h gia mu th v dung dch th
9.2.2.1. Mu th c th y c
t mu th trn mt tm c mt phng nm ngang v dng ng ong chia dung dch th
(5.2) vo mu n di im trn 1 mm. Trong trng hp mu th c lng nng hoc vnh
ming dc, th phi bo m khong cch gia b mt cht lng v im trn khng c vt
qu 6 mm, o dc theo dc ca ming. Trong trng hp dng c c lng nng phng, xc
nh th tch V ca dung dch th chnh xc n 2 % sau khi chit (chng hn th tch y).
y v gi trong bng ti nu xc nh cadimi.
9.2.2.2. Mu th khng th y c
a) Nu chun b theo 8.4 a):
- t mu th trong mt bnh thch hp, chng hn nh bnh thy tinh borosilicat c kch c thch
hp v dng ng ong chia (6.7) thm dung dch th (5.2) cho n khi hon ton ph y
mu th.
- Ghi li th tch qui nh V ca dung dch th (th tch tip xc) chnh xc n 2 %. y bnh
bng mt np y ph hp (6.6), nu xc nh cadimi th trong bng ti.
b) Nu chun b theo 8.4 b):
- Gn dng c trn mt tm phng c b mt nm ngang bng keo v dng ng ong chia
(6.7) thm dung dch th (5.2).
- Ghi li th tch qui nh V ca dung dch th (th tch tip xc) chnh xc n 2 %. y dng c
bng mt np y thch hp (6.6), nu xc nh cadimi th trong bng ti.
CH THCH - Dng c chun c th nhn r c dung dch th (5.2) nu gn vo khun cao
su silicon c mt lp xi khng thm nc v lp xi ny khng c ln su qu 6 mm k t vnh
ca dng c v to thnh mt su khng ln hn 7 mm.
9.2.2.3. Np y ca dng c
Nu dng c c np y, ch th b mt bn trong ca np.
9.2.2.4. Vnh ung
t mu th c chun b (xem 8.5) vi vnh nm p xung trong mt bnh c y phng.
Ph ton b vnh vi dung dch th 5.2.
Nu vnh ung c ct ri, t ring tng vnh trong bnh y phng c chiu cao khng nh
hn 25 mm (v d a petri hoc cc ong) v ph hon ton vi dung dch th.
Kch c bnh v cao c ph dung dch th phi m bo th tch ca dung dch th l nh
nht; xc nh th tch ca dung dch th, chnh xc n 2 %.

9.2.3. Thi gian chit

Rt y, hoc ngm mu nhit 22 oC 2 oC trong 24 h 30 min vi cc iu kin phi ngn
nga s hao ht do bay hi.
CH THCH - Khay nha c gn np y kn l dng c cha thch hp ngn nga s hao
ht do bay hi t bnh th. c bit ch l phi m bo rng s hao ht do bay hi ca dung
dch th (5.2) l ti thiu. Nu cn, s hao ht ny c th kim tra bng cch cn.
9.3. Ly mu dung dch th phn tch (dung dch mu o)
Lm ng nht mu th bng cch khuy, hoc bng cc phng php khc, nhng khng lm
hao ht dung dch hoc lm mn b mt c th.
CH THCH - Mt phng php lm ng nht dung dch chit ph hp l dng pipet chuyn
mt lng dung dch v lc i lc li mu vi ln, trnh lm long hoc hao ht do bay hi trong
qu trnh thao tc.
Chuyn dung dch chit hoc mt phn ca dung dch vo mt bnh thch hp. y l dung dch
mu o. Thc hin php phn tch cng nhanh cng tt.
9.4. Hiu chun v phng php xc nh
9.4.1. Hiu chun
t ch lm vic ca my quang ph hp th nguyn t ngn la theo cc ch dn ca hng
sn xut, s dng cc bc sng 217,0 nm xc nh ch v 228,8 nm xc nh cadimi vi
h s iu chnh thch hp i vi cc nh hng hp th nn.
CH THCH - Bc sng 283,3 nm cng c th c dng cho php phn tch ch.
Ht dung dch s "0" ca dy cc dung dch hiu chun (dung dch th 5.2) v iu chnh v s
khng ("zero"). Ht dy cc dung dch hiu chun c chun b bng cch pha dung dch
chun (xem 5.4) vi dung dch th (5.2).
Cc dy d kin:
- 0,2 mg/l n 10,0 mg/l Pb;
- 0,02 mg/l n 0,5 mg/l Cd.
Ht dung dch th (5.2) sau mi dung dch hiu chun v ghi li cc gi tr hp th thu c.
9.4.2. Phng php xc nh
t ch lm vic ca my quang ph nh qui nh trn. Ht nc ct v sau l dung
dch th (5.2) v iu chnh hp th v s khng ("zero"). Ht dung dch mu th (xem 9.3),
cng vi dung dch th (5.2). o gi tr hp th ca cc dung dch mu o.
Nu hm lng nng ch trong dung dch mu o vt qu 10 mg/l, hoc nu hm lng
nng cadimi vt qu 0,5 mg/l, pha long mt phn dch chit ph hp vi dung dch th
c c hm lng nng ch nh hn 10 mg/l v hm lng nng cadimi nh hn 0,5
mg/l. l cc tn hiu trong khong lm vic ti u. o tng dung dch mu o t nht ba ln, v
ly gi tr trung bnh tnh ton.
tng thm chnh xc, c bit l khi lp li php o ca dung dch hiu chun bng
phng tin biu th nng kim loi vi sai lch nh nht, dng k thut iu chnh (3.20). Mc
ch ca phng php ny l theo php th s b a ra cc gi tr gn ng cho hm lng
nng ch v/hoc cadimi trong cc dung dch hiu chun, dng dung dch hiu chun c cha
cc ion kim loi trong hm lng nng cng gn vi gi tr trn v di ca dung dch mu o
cng tt.
10. Biu th kt qu
10.1. K thut iu chnh

Nng ch hoc cadimi, Co c tnh bng miligam trn lt dung dch chit, c tnh theo cng
thc 1):
Co =

A o A1

C 2 C1 C1 d

A 2 A1

... (1)

trong :
A o l hp th tng ng ca ch hoc cadimi trong dung dch mu o;
A1 l hp th tng ng ca ch hoc cadimi trong dung dch iu chnh c nng thp hn;
A2 l hp th tng ng ca ch hoc cadimi trong dung dch iu chnh c nng cao hn;
C1 l nng ch hoc cadimi, ca dung dch iu chnh thp hn, tnh bng miligam trn lt;
C2 l nng ch hoc cadimi, ca dung dch iu chnh cao hn, tnh bng miligam trn lt;
d l h s, c s dng nu mu th dung dch chit c pha long.
10.2. K thut hiu chun ng cong
c nng ch hoc cadimi trc tip t ng cong hiu chun, tnh bng miligam trn lt dung
dch mu o.
10.3. Tnh ton thi ra ca ch v cadimi ca dng c c lng nng phng, dng c
khng th y v cc mu th
S thi ra ch hoc cadimi trn mt n v din tch ca dng c c lng nng phng v dng c
khng th y hoc cc mu th, RPb hoc RCd, c tnh bng miligam trn decimet vung,
theo cng thc (2) v (3):
RPb =

Co V
SR

...(2)

RCd =

Co V
SR

...(3)

trong :
Co l hm lng nng ch v cadimi ca dch chit, c tnh nh qui nh 10.1 hoc 10.2,
tnh bng miligam trn lt;
V l th tch dung dch th c dng chit (xem 9.2.2 v 9.2.3 tng ng), tnh bng lt;
SR l din tch b mt tip xc ca dng c (xem 8.2), tnh bng decimet vung.
10.4. Tnh ton thi ra ca ch v cadimi t vnh ung
thi ra ca ch hoc cadimi t vnh ung ca dng c AO,T, tnh bng miligam trn dng c
c tnh theo cng thc (4):
AO,T = Co . V

...(4)

Trong :
Co l hm lng nng ch v cadimi ca dch chit, c tnh theo qui nh 9.2.2.4, tnh
bng miligam trn lt;
V l th tch ca dung dch th c dng chit, tnh bng lt;
10.5. Tnh ton thi ra ca ch v cadimi ca dng c c np y
thi ra ca ch hoc cadimi ca c dng c v ton b b mt bn trong ca np, c tnh
ring r tng ci, tnh bng miligam trn mt dng c v trn mt np. Cc gi tr c cng vo

vi nhau v tng l thi ra, ph thuc vo tng trng hp, nu lin quan n din tch b
mt, th c tnh bng miligam trn decimet vung, hoc nu ch lin quan n th tch ca vt
cha th c tnh bng miligam trn lt.
10.6. Bo co kt qu
i vi dng c c lng su, bo co kt qu chnh xc n 0,1 mg/l ch v 0,01 mg/l cadimi.
i vi dng c c lng nng phng (v dng c khng th y c v cc mu th), bo
co kt qu chnh xc n 0,1 mg/ dm2 ch v 0,01 mg/ dm2 cadimi.
i vi vnh ung, bo co s thi ra chnh xc n 0,1 mg trn vnh i vi ch v 0,01 mg trn
vnh i vi cadimi.
Nu dng c c np y c th, bo co tng s ca hai gi tr chit ring bit chnh xc n
0,1 mg/l v 0,1 mg/ dm2 i vi ch v 0,01 mg/l v 0,01 mg/ dm2 i vi cadimi.
10.7. S so snh vi gii hn cho php
Mt dng c c coi l tun theo qui nh ca gii hn cho php, khi dng c c cc gi tr
thi ra ca ch v/hoc cadimi khng vt qu gii hn, v n c xc nh theo qui nh trong
tiu chun ny.
i vi cc dng c c np y, gii hn cho php thi ra ca ch v/hoc cadimi, tnh bng
miligam trn decimet vung hoc miligam trn lt, c coi l ph hp khi gi tr ch p dng cho
dng c c np y.
Nu cc kt qu ca dng c vt qu gii hn qui nh, nhng khng qu 50 %, tuy nhin dng
c ny cng c coi l tun theo gii hn cho php, nu c t nht ba dng c khc ging ht
nhau c th cc iu kin qui nh trong tiu chun ny v kt qu thu c l trung bnh
s hc ca ch hoc cadimi thi ra t cc dng c khng vt qu gii hn cho php v
khng c dng c no vt qu 50 % gii hn cho php.
11. Bo co th nghim
Bo co th nghim bao gm cc thng tin sau:
a) vin dn tiu chun ny;
b) nhn dng dng c c th, bao gm loi, ngun gc v mc ch;
c) a im v ngy ly mu;
d) ngy nhn v ngy th mu;
e) din tch b mt hoc din tch b mt tip xc v dung tch y hoc th tch lin quan n
cc dng c khng th y c;
f) s mu th;
g) tng kt qu ring l, ph hp vi 10.6, v gi tr trung bnh ca tng dng c hoc mu th,
c tnh bng miligam ch v/hoc cadimi trn decimet vung din tch b mt i vi dng c
c lng nng phng, hoc bng miligam ch v/hoc cadimi trn lt dung tch ca dng c c lng
su;
h) i vi dng c c np y, l tng ca hai gi tr chit, ngha l gi tr ca dng c v gi tr
ca np y c th ring l;
i) i vi vnh ung, thi ra ca ch v/hoc cadimi tnh bng miligam trn vnh ca dng c;
j) nhng thao tc khng qui nh trong tiu chun ny hoc c coi l t chn;
k) c dng c no p ng c cc yu cu gii hn cho php s thi ra nh qui nh trong
TCVN 7542 - 2:2005 (ISO 4531 - 2: 1998) khng.
CH THCH - Nhng chi tit khng bnh thng trong qu trnh xc nh cng c ghi trong
bo co.

TH MC TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] TCVN 7149 - 1: 2002 (ISO 385 - 1: 1984), Dng c th nghim bng thy tinh - Buret - Phn 1:
Yu cu chung.
[2] TCVN 7146 - 1: 2002 (ISO 6486 - 1: 1999), Dng c bng gm, gm thy tinh v dng c
ng thc n bng thy tinh tip xc vi thc phm - S thi ra ca ch v cadimi - Phn 1:
Phng php th.
[3] ISO 6955: 1982, Analytical spectroscopic methods - Flame emission, atomic absorption and
atomic fluorescence - Vocabulary.
[4] TCVN 7147 - 1: 2002 (ISO 7086 - 1: 2000), Dng c bng thy tinh c lng su tip xc vi
thc phm - S thi ra ca ch v cadimi - Phn 1: Phng php th.
[5] EN 1388 - 2: 1995, Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs - Silicate surfaces - Part 2:
Determination of the release lead and cadmium from silicate surfaces other than ceramic ware.
[6] WHO/Food Additives 77.44, Glass Foodware Safety, Sampling, Analysis, and Limits release
(Report of a WHO Meeting, Geneva 8-10 June 1976).
[7] WHO/Food Additives HCS/79.7. Glass Foodware Safety, Critival Review of Sampling,
Analysis, and Limits for Lead and Cadmium Release (Report of a WHO Meeting, Geneva 12-14
November 1979).
[8] FREY, E. and SCHOLZE, H., Blei- und Cadmiumlaessigkeit von Schmetzfarben, Glasuren und
Emails in Kontakt mit Essigsaere und Lebensmitteln und unter Lichteinwirkung (Lead and
cadmium release from fused colours, glazes, and enamels in contact with acetic acid and food
under the influence of light), Bericht Deutsche Keramische Gesellschaft, 1979 (vol.56): pp. 293297.