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Density Determination by Pycnometer
Density Determination by Pycnometer
Density Determination by Pycnometer
Density
The density, , is elementary physical property of matter. For a homogeneous
object it is defined as the ratio of its mass m to its volume V
m
V
[1]
Numerically it represents the mass per unit volume of matter. As it follows from equation
[1], the SI unit of density is kg/m3. However, g/cm3 is another unit commonly used in
a laboratory. Its conversion is
1
g
kg
= 1000 3
3
cm
m
[2]
V=
m H 2O
H 2O
[3]
mL
[4]
H 2O
mL
[5]
L =
mL
H 2O
m H 2O
[6]
Fig. 1: Pycnometer
be obtained as
VH 2O =
m H 2 O
H 2O
[7]
The volume of measured solid object VS is the difference between the volume of water
that fills the empty pycnometer V and volume VH 2 O
VS = V V H 2O =
m H 2O mH 2O
H 2O
[8]
S =
mS
VS
[9]
Experimental procedure:
Accuracy of herein described method for density determination of liquid and/or
solid matter relies on precise measurements of weight and volume. Since it is important
to determine weight of empty pycnometer in its dry state, we do so at the beginning.
9. Calculate the weight of water mH2O=m3-m0, weight of measured liquid mL=m4-m0 and
determine its density according to equation [6]. Repeat this calculation for all of the
measured liquids.
10. In next, calculate the weight of solid object mS=m1-m0 and weight of added water
m H 2 O =m2-m1.
11. Calculate objects volume VS following the equation [8] and its density S according
to equation [9].
t [C]
H2O [g/cm3]
15
0.99996
16
0.99994
17
0.99990
18
0.99985
19
0.99978
20
0.99820
21
0.99799
22
0.99777
23
0.99754
24
0.99730
25
0.99705
Tab. 2. The weight of empty pycnometer m0, pycnometer with solid object m1 and
Tab. 3. The weight of pycnometer filled with water m3 and that of water only mH2O
m3 [g]
mH2O [g]
Tab. 4. The weight of pycnometer filled with measured liquids m4 and calculated weight
m4[g]
mL [g]
1
2
3
4
References:
1.
Kopeck, F.: Physics for Students of Pharmacy I. Bratislava, UK 1999. 184 s. (in
Slovak).
2.
Edition of Department of Physical Chemistry: Laboratory Practice in Physics for
Students of Pharmacy. Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, UK
1991.
3.
Oremusov J., Vojtekov M.: Density determination of liquids and solids. Manual
for laboratory practice. (in Slovak)