155

9

(Biomechanics of Airborne Activities)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4 Twist Somersault

9
1.
2.
3.

1.

2.
3.
/
1.
2.
3.

 851346 2

4.

1.
2.
3.

156

157

9

(Biomechanics of Activities which the Body Rotates Free of Support)


Twist

(Mediolateral axis) -
(Anteroposterior axis) (Longitudinal axis)



(Realignment)
9-1
layout
tuck layout

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158

9-1 (Wpendy et al., 2013)

layout tuck

(Angular momentum) 3
(Radius of gyration)
(Angular velocity)




9-2

layout
tuck


2

(Inertia: I)

159

9-2
(Kreighbaum, Barthels, 1996)
I = mk2
(1)
I

m

k











( 9-3)


3

L = 0
Larms + Llegs + Ltrunk = 0
I11 + I22 + I33 = 0

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160

(+30) + 0 + Ltrunk = 0
Ltrunk = -3.0 angular momentum units

9-3 (Kreighbaum &

Barthels, 1996)

2

1.
Eccentric torque

Moment (M) = Torque () =F x S
F

161

2.

3.

S = at2
S

a

t

4.

5.


6.

4
1. (Amplitude)
2
- (External amplitude)
( 9-4)

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162

9-4 2 (Adrian & Cooper, 1995)

- (Internal amplitude)

9-5
2. (Segmentation)
14

163

3. (Closure)

9-6
4. Peaking



Somersaults Twists


2 3


1. (Ground reaction rotation)




( 9-7) Somersault ( 9-8)

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9-7 (http://shannonjusticeforall.wordpress.com/2013/04/21/stopdrop-roll)

9-8 Somersault (http://gratewire.com/topic/newt-gingrichbusted-on-his-flip-flopon-libya)

1
9-9






2

165

9-9 2 (Kreighbaum &

Barthels, 1996)
2. (Reaction rotation)

3. (Cat rotation)
Modern twist (Biesterfeldt, 1974b)
Counter-rotation twist (Hery, 1975)
9-10 2 (
)
90
3

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( 9-10)

9-10 (McDonal, 1960)

( 9-11 a, b) ( 9-11 c, d)

9-11 (McDonal, 1960)

167

4. Twist Somersault



(Axis of momentum)
Somersault

2

- ( 9-12)

9-12 Twist Somersault (Kreighbaum & Barthels, 1996)

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Adrian, M.J., & Cooper, J.M. (1995). Biomechanics of Human Movements. 2nd ed. Boston:
WCB McGraw-Hill
Biesterfeldt, H.J. (1975b). Twisting mechanics II. Gymnast. 46-47.
Hery, G. (1975). Mechanics of rotational movements. Paper presented at the Southwest
Gymnastics Clinic, Las Vegas.
http://gratewire.com/topic/newt-gingrichbusted-on-his-flip-flop-on-libya
http://shannonjusticeforall.wordpress.com/2013/04/21/stop-drop-roll
Kreighbaum, E., & Barthels, K.M. (1996). Biomechanics: A Qualitative Approach for
Studying Human Movement. 4th eds. MA: Allyn & Bacon.
McDonald, D. (1960). How does a man twist in the air? New Scientist. 237; 501-503.
Wpendy, S.B., Viren, T. et al. (2013). How to Do a Triple Front Flip. Retrieved from
http://www.wikihow.com/Do-a-Triple-Front-Flip
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1.
2.
3.

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