Nhap Mon Internet Va E-Learning

BI GING
NHP MN INTERNET
V E-LEARNING
Bin son:
Ths. Nguyn Duy Phng

Ths. Dng Trn c
KS. o Quang chiu
KS. Phm th hu
KS. Nguyn Th Ngc Hn
0 LI NI U
Ngy nay, Internet tr nn gn gi v quen thuc vi hng triu ngi Vit Nam, c bit
khu vc thnh th, trong gii tr thc v gii tr. S tn ti ca Internet thay i cch thc lm
vic, trao i thng tin, k c cch hc tp, nghin cu ca nhiu ngi. Trn phm vi ton cu,
Internet cha mt khi lng thng tin khng l phn tn hng chc ngn mng con thuc hng
trm nc trn th gii. Cc dch v Internet cng ngy cng tr nn a dng v hu ch hn. Chnh
v th, s hiu bit v Internet v kh nng s dng, khai thc thng tin trn Internet cng ngy cng
tr nn quan trng v thit thc cho mi ngi.
trin khai o to h i hc t xa qua mng tin hc- vin thng, Hc vin Cng ngh
Bu chnh Vin thng xy dng mt h thng a dng cc bi ging trn mng, cc bi ging
in t a phng tin, v s dng Internet nh mt trong cc phng tin chnh truyn ti v
to mi trng dy v hc cho bc i hc t xa. Do , Internet ng mt vai tr quan trng
trong qu trnh vic cung cp hc liu, bi ging v t chc hng dn hc tp, trao i qua mng.
Chnh v vy, vic bin son tp sch hng dn hc tp mn Nhp mn Internet v ELearning cho cc sinh vin nm th nht nhm trang b cho sinh vin nhng kin thc v k
nng c bn v Internet, cch s dng cc dch v ca Internet phc v cho qu trnh t hc, t
nghin cu v trao i kin thc theo hnh thc gio dc t xa l mt vic lm cn thit. Ti liu
cng gii thiu cc kin thc c bn v E-Learning, cc khi nim, cc c im, cu trc ca h
thng cng nh phng php v quy trnh hc E-Learning.
Ti liu c cu trc gm 3 chng. Chng 1 gii thiu tng quan v Internet, cc khi
nim, nh ngha, kin trc chung ca mng Internet. Chng 2 gii thiu v cc dch v trn
Internet, hng dn chi tit cch s dng cc dch v. Chng cui cng gii thiu tng quan v
E-Learning gip cho sinh vin nm c cc kin thc v cng ngh o to s dng E-learning
m cc c s o to hin ang s dng.
Cng cn nhn mnh rng, ni dung chnh ca tp ti liu ch cp n nhng vn c
lin quan thit thc nht n vic khai thc, s dng Internet cho vic hc tp trong mi trng
gio dc in t. Sinh vin c th tham kho, nghin cu su hn v nhng ni dung c lin quan
nhng gio trnh, ti liu v trang Web m cui mi chng nhm tc gi lit k. Sinh vin
cng c th nghin cu nhng ni dung ca mn hc ny thng qua vic s dng b bi ging
in t c ng gi trong a CD-ROM do Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh vin thng
bin son.
Mc d cc tc gi cng c nhiu c gng, song do nhiu l do cc thiu st cn tn ti
trong tp ti liu l iu kh trnh khi. Nhm tc gi xin chn thnh ch n s ng gp kin
ca cc bn ng nghip, sinh vin xa gn v xin cm n v iu tp ti liu ngy cng hon
thin hn nhng ln xut bn sau.
Nhm tc gi
Chng 1: Tng quan v Internet
0 CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V INTERNET

GII THIU
Vo nhng thp k trc, rt t ngi trong chng ta bit v Internet. Cho ti nm 1997, khi
Internet chnh thc c a vo cung cp cho ngi s dng Vit Nam, thut ng Internet bt
u c nhiu ngi bit ti, v tr thnh mt dch v truyn thng hu ch cho nhiu ngi.
Ngy nay, Internet tr nn gn gi v quen thuc vi hng triu ngi Vit Nam, c bit
khu vc thnh th, trong gii tr thc v gii tr. S tn ti ca Internet thay i cch thc
lm vic, trao i thng tin, k c cch hc tp, nghin cu ca nhiu ngi. Trn phm vi ton
cu, Internet cha mt khi lng thng tin khng l phn tn hng chc ngn mng con thuc
hng trm nc trn th gii. Cc dch v Internet cng ngy cng tr nn a dng v hu ch
hn. Chnh v th, s hiu bit v Internet v kh nng s dng, khai thc thng tin trn Internet
cng ngy cng tr nn quan trng v thit thc cho mi ngi.
Trong chng ny, chng ta s cng tng bc nghin cu, tm hiu nhng ni dung c bn
nht, cng nh ng dng Internet trong i sng v cng vic, c bit l vic s dng Internet
trong trao i thng tin, nghin cu v hc tp.
Ni dung chng ny s cp n bao gm
Cc kin thc tng quan v Internet, lch s pht trin
Cu trc ca Internet, cc giao thc trn Internet, v.v
Cc khi nim v nh ngha c lin quan n Internet, cc cch kt ni, cc khi nim
v a ch IP, tn min, ...
nm c ni dung ca chng ny mt cch tt nht, ngi c cn c mt s vn t

ting Anh cng nh bit cc thao tc s dng my tnh n gin.
Cui chng, ngi c c th t nh gi nhng kin thc thu lm c ca mnh
bng cch tr li cc cu hi v lm mt s bi tp.
1.1.
KHI QUT
1.1.1. Lch s pht trin

Internet c hnh thnh t cui thp k 60 ca th k trc, t mt d n nghin cu ca
B quc phng M. Thng 7 nm 1968, C quan qun l d n nghin cu cp cao ca B Quc
phng M (ARPA-Advanced Research Project Agency) ngh lin kt 4 a im: Vin
Nghin cu Standford, Trng i hc tng hp California LosAngeles, UC - Santa Barbara v
Trng i hc tng hp Utah. Bn im trn c ni thnh mng vo nm 1969 nh du
s ra i ca Internet ngy nay. Mng ny c bit n di ci tn ARPANET.
5
ARPANET l mt mng th nghim phc v cc nghin cu quc phng. Mt trong nhng

mc ch ca n l xy dng mt mng my tnh c kh nng khc phc cc s c. Mng my
tnh ny c nhng c trng sau :
C th tip tc hot ng ngay khi c nhiu kt ni b h hng.
Phi m bo cc my tnh vi cc phn cng khc nhau u c th s dng mng.
C kh nng t ng iu chnh hng truyn thng tin, b qua nhng phn b

h hng.
C c tnh l mng ca cc mng my tnh, ngha l c kh nng m rng lin kt

d dng.
Ban u, my tnh v ng lin lc c kh nng x l rt chm, vi ng dy di th tc

chuyn tn hiu nhanh nht l 50 kbits/giy. S lng my tnh ni vo mng rt t (ch 200
my ch vo nm 1981).
ARPANET cng pht trin khi c nhiu my ni vo - rt nhiu trong s ny l t cc c
quan ca B quc phng M hoc nhng trng i hc nghin cu vi cc u ni vo B quc
phng. y l nhng giao im trn mng. Trong khi ARPANET ang c gng chim lnh mng
quc gia th mt nghin cu ti Trung tm nghin cu Palo Alto ca cng ty Xerox pht trin
mt k thut c s dng trong mng cc b l Ethernet.
Theo thi gian, Ethernet tr thnh mt trong nhng chun quan trng kt ni trong cc
mng cc b. Cng trong thi gian ny, DARPA (t li tn t ARPA) chuyn sang hp nht
TCP/IP (giao thc c s dng trong vic truyn thng trn Internet) vo phin bn h iu hnh
UNIX ca trng i hc tng hp California Berkeley. Vi s hp nht nh vy, nhng trm
lm vic c lp s dng UNIX to nn mt th mnh trn th trng, TCP/IP cng c th d
dng tch hp vo phn mm h iu hnh. TCP/IP trn Ethernet tr thnh mt cch thc thng
dng trm lm vic ni n trm khc.
Trong thp k 1980, my tnh c nhn c s dng rng ri trong cc cng ty v trng
i hc trn th gii. Mng Ethernet kt ni cc my tnh c nhn (PC) tr thnh ph bin. Cc
nh sn xut phn mm thng mi cng a ra nhng chng trnh cho php cc my PC v
my UNIX giao tip cng mt ngn ng trn mng.
Vo gia thp k 1980, giao thc TCP/IP c dng trong mt s kt ni khu vc-khu vc
(lin khu vc) v cng c s dng cho cc mng cc b v mng lin khu vc.
Thut ng "Internet" xut hin ln u vo khong 1974 trong khi mng vn c gi l
ARPANET. Vo thi im ny, ARPANET (hay Internet) cn qui m rt nh.
Mc lch s quan trng ca Internet c chn vo gia thp k 1980, khi Qu khoa hc
quc gia M NSF (National Science Foundation) thnh lp mng lin kt cc trung tm my tnh
ln vi nhau gi l NSFNET. Mng ny chnh l mng Internet. im quan trng ca NSFNET l
cho php mi ngi cng s dng. Trc NSFNET, ch cc nh khoa hc, chuyn gia my tnh v
nhn vin cc c quan chnh ph c kt ni Internet.
Nhiu doanh nghip chuyn t ARPANET sang NSFNET. Chnh v vy, sau gn 20 nm
ARPANET tr nn khng cn hiu qu v ngng hot ng vo khong nm 1990.
6
Ngy nay, mng Internet pht trin mnh m hn cc phng tin truyn thng truyn
thng khc nh pht thanh v truyn hnh, do s ci tin v pht trin khng ngng. Cc cng
ngh ang p dng trn Internet gip cho Internet tr thnh mng lin kt v s kho thng tin ton
cu, c dch v phong ph v ni dung, hnh thc. cng chnh l iu thc y chng ta nn
bt u ngay vi hnh trnh khm ph th gii mi - th gii Internet.
800 triu my tnh
kt ni
11 triu my tnh kt ni
NSFNET thay th ARPANET
ARPANET s dng b giao thc TCP/IP
ARPANET c thnh lp
1969
1986
1983
1996
2004
Hnh 1.1: S lch s pht trin Internet

1.1.2. Internet l g ?
Internet (Inter-network) l mt mng my tnh rt rng ln kt ni cc mng my tnh khc
nhau nm ri rng khp ton cu. Mt mng (Network) l mt nhm my tnh kt ni nhau, cc
mng ny li lin kt vi nhau bng nhiu loi phng tin, tc truyn tin khc nhau. Do vy
c th ni Internet l mng ca cc mng my tnh. Cc mng lin kt vi nhau da trn b giao
thc (nh l ngn ng giao tip) TCP/IP (Transmision Control Protocol - Internet Protocol): Giao
thc iu khin truyn dn- giao thc Internet. B giao thc ny cho php mi my tnh lin kt,
giao tip vi nhau theo mt ngn ng my tnh thng nht ging nh mt ngn ng quc t (v d
nh Ting Anh) m mi ngi s dng giao tip.
Mng Internet khng ch cho php chuyn ti thng tin nhanh chng m cn gip cung cp
thng tin. N cng l din n trao i v l th vin ton cu u tin.
1.1.2.1. Cu trc mng Internet

Internet l mt lin mng, tc l mng ca cc mng con. kt ni hai mng con vi
nhau, c hai vn cn gii quyt :
- Vn th nht: V mt vt l, hai mng con ch c th kt ni vi nhau khi c mt thit
b c th kt ni vi c hai mng ny. Vic kt ni n thun v vt l cha th lm cho hai mng
con c th trao i thng tin vi nhau.
- Vn th hai: Thit b kt ni c v mt vt l vi hai mng con phi hiu c c hai
giao thc truyn tin c s dng trn hai mng con ny v cc gi thng tin ca hai mng con s
c gi qua nhau thng qua thit b . Thit b ny c gi l cng ni Internet (Internet
Gateway) hay B nh tuyn (Router).
7
Hnh 1.2: Hai mng Net 1 v Net 2 kt ni thng qua Router R.

Khi kt ni mng tr nn phc tp hn, cc Router cn phi bit v s kin trc ca
cc mng kt ni.
V d trong hnh sau y cho thy nhiu mng c kt ni bng 2 Router.
Hnh 1.3: 3 Mng kt ni vi nhau thng qua 2 router
Nh vy, Router R1 phi chuyn tt c cc gi thng tin n mt my nm mng Net 2

hoc Net 3. Vi kch thc ln nh mng Internet, vic cc Router quyt nh chuyn cc gi
thng tin cho cc my trong cc mng s tr nn phc tp hn.
cc Router c th thc hin c cng vic chuyn mt s ln cc gi thng tin thuc
cc mng khc nhau, ngi ta ra quy tc l: cc Router chuyn cc gi thng tin da trn a
ch mng ni n, ch khng phi da trn a ch ca my nhn. Nh vy, da trn a ch mng
nn tng s thng tin m Router phi lu gi v s kin trc mng s tun theo s mng trn
Internet ch khng phi l s my trn Internet.
Trn Internet, tt c cc mng u c quyn bnh ng cho d chng c t chc hay s
lng my c s khc nhau. B giao thc TCP/IP ca Internet hot ng tun theo quan im sau:
tt cc cc mng con trong Internet nh l Ethernet, mt mng din rng nh NSFNET Backbone
hay mt lin kt im-im gia hai my duy nht u c coi nh l mt mng. iu ny xut
pht t quan im u tin khi thit k giao thc TCP/IP l c th lin kt gia cc mng c kin
trc hon ton khc nhau. Khi nim "mng" i vi TCP/IP b n i phn kin trc vt l ca
mng. y chnh l im gip cho TCP/IP tr ln rt mnh. Nh vy, ngi dng trong Internet
hnh dung Internet l mt mng thng nht v bt k hai my no trn Internet u c ni vi
nhau thng qua mt mng duy nht.
Hnh sau m t kin trc tng th ca Internet.
8
(a) Mng Internet di con mt ngi s dng.

Cc my c ni vi nhau thng qua mt mng duy nht.
Mng
vt l
My
ch
My
ch
(b) Kin trc tng qut ca mng Internet.

Cc R outer cung cp cc kt ni gia cc mng.
R
Hnh 1.4: Kin trc tng th ca Internet

9
1.1.2.2. Gii thiu cc giao thc kt ni mng

a) c im mt s b giao thc kt ni mng :
NetBEUI
- B giao thc nh, nhanh v hiu qu c cung cp theo cc sn phm ca hng IBM,
cng nh s h tr ca Microsoft.
- Bt li chnh ca b giao thc ny l khng h tr nh tuyn v s dng gii hn mng
da vo Microsoft.
IPX/SPX
- y l b giao thc s dng trong mng Novell.
- u th: nh, nhanh v hiu qu trn cc mng cc b ng thi h tr kh nng nh
tuyn.
DECnet
- y l b giao thc c quyn ca hng Digtal Equipment Corpration.
- DECnet nh ngha m t truyn thng qua mng cc b LAN, mng MAN (mng th),
WAN (mng din rng). Giao thc ny c kh nng h tr nh tuyn.
TCP/IP
- u th chnh ca b giao thc ny l kh nng lin kt hot ng ca nhiu loi my tnh
khc nhau.
- TCP/IP tr thnh tiu chun thc t cho kt ni lin mng cng nh kt ni Internet
ton cu.
Hin nay, TCP/IP c s dng rng ri trong cc mng cc b cng nh trn mng
Internet. V vy chng ta s tm hiu tng quan v b giao thc TCP/IP.
b) TCP/IP- ( Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol): L mt tp hp cc giao
thc kt ni s dng cho vic truyn thng tin t my tnh ny sang my tnh khc v t mng
my tnh ny sang mng my tnh khc.
Mt my tnh tng tc vi th gii thng qua mt hoc nhiu ng dng. Nhng ng dng
ny thc hin cc nhim v c th v qun l d liu vo-ra. Nu my tnh l mt phn ca h
thng mng th mt trong s cc ng dng trn s c th giao tip vi cc ng dng trn cc my
tnh khc thuc cng h thng mng. B giao thc mng l mt h thng cc quy nh chung gip
xc nh qu trnh truyn d liu phc tp. D liu i t ng dng trn my ny, qua phn cng
v mng ca my, ti b phn trung gian v n ni nhn, thng qua phn cng ca my tnh ch
ri ti ng dng.
Cc giao thc TCP/IP c vai tr xc nh qu trnh lin lc trong mng v quan trng hn
c l nh ngha hnh dng ca mt n v d liu v nhng thng tin cha trong n my tnh
ch c th dch thng tin mt cch chnh xc. TCP/IP v cc giao thc lin quan to ra mt h
10
thng hon chnh gip qun l qu trnh d liu c x l, chuyn v nhn trn mt mng
s dng TCP/IP. Mt h thng cc giao thc lin quan, chng hn nh TCP/IP, c gi l b
giao thc.
Thc t ca qu trnh nh dng v x l d liu bng TCP/IP c thc hin bng b lc
ca cc hng sn xut. V d, Microsoft TCP/IP l mt phn mm cho php Windows NT x l
cc d liu c nh dng (format) theo TCP/IP v v th c th ho vo mng TCP/IP. Tuy
nhin c s khc bit gia cc chun TCP/IP nh sau :
Mt chun TCP/IP l mt h thng cc quy nh qun l vic trao i trn cc mng

TCP/IP.
B lc TCP/IP l mt phn mm c chc nng cho php mt my tnh ho vo mng

TCP/IP.
Mc ch ca cc chun TCP/IP l nhm m bo tnh tng thch ca tt c b lc

TCP/IP thuc bt k phin bn no hoc ca bt k hng sn xut no.
Mt h thng giao thc nh TCP/IP phi m bo kh nng thc hin nhng cng vic
sau:
o Ct thng tin thnh nhng gi d liu c th d dng i qua b phn truyn
ti trung gian.
o Tng tc vi phn cng ca card mng.
o Xc nh a ch ngun v ch: my tnh gi thng tin i phi c th xc nh
c ni gi n. My tnh ch phi nhn ra u l thng tin gi cho mnh.
o nh tuyn: h thng phi c kh nng hng d liu ti cc mng con, cho
d mng con ngun v ch khc nhau v mt vt l.
o Kim tra li, kim sot ng truyn v xc nhn: i vi mt phng tin
truyn thng tin cy, my tnh gi v nhn phi xc nh v c th sa cha
li trong qu trnh vn chuyn d liu.
o Chp nhn d liu t ng dng v truyn n ti mng ch. c th thc
hin cc cng vic trn, nhng ngi sng to ra TCP/IP chia n thnh
nhng phn ring bit, hot ng c lp vi nhau. Mi thnh phn m
nhim mt chc nng ring bit trong h thng mng.
TCP/IP bao gm bn tng nh sau :

Tng truy cp mng (Network Access Layer)- L tng thp nht trong m hnh
TCP/IP, bao gm cc thit b giao tip mng v chng trnh cung cp cc thng tin cn thit
c th hot ng, truy cp ng truyn vt l qua thit b giao tip mng .
Tng lin mng (Internet Layer)- Cung cp a ch logic, c lp vi phn cng, d
liu c th lt qua cc mng con c cu trc vt l khc nhau. Cung cp chc nng nh tuyn
gim lu lng giao thng v h tr vic vn chuyn lin mng. Thut ng lin mng c dng
11
cp n cc mng rng ln hn, kt ni t nhiu LAN. To s gn kt gia a ch vt l v

a ch logic. Cc giao thc ca tng ny bao gm: IP (Internet Protocol), ICMP (Internet Coltrol
Message Protocol), IGMP (Internet Group Message Protocol).
Tng giao vn (Transport Layer) - Gip kim sot lung d liu, kim tra li v xc
nhn cc dch v cho lin mng. Tng ny ng vai tr giao din cho cc ng dng mng. Tng
ny c hai giao thc chnh: TCP (Transmisson Control Protocol) v UDP (User Datagram
Protocol).
Tng ng dng (Application Layer) - L tng trn cng ca m hnh TCP/IP. Cung
cp cc ng dng gii quyt s c mng, vn chuyn file, iu khin t xa, v cc hot ng
Internet, ng thi h tr Giao din Lp trnh ng dng (API) mng, cho php cc chng trnh
c thit k cho mt h iu hnh no c th truy cp mng.
c) M hnh OSI (Open Systems Interconnection): l tp hp cc c im k thut m t
kin trc mng dnh cho vic kt ni cc thit b khng cng chng loi. M hnh c chia thnh
7 tng. Mi tng bao gm nhng hot ng, thit b v giao thc mng khc nhau.
Chc nng chnh ca by tng trong m hnh OSI nh sau:
Tng vt l (Physical Layer) Chuyn i d liu sang cc dng xung in, i qua b
phn truyn ti trung gian v gim st qu trnh truyn d liu.
Tng lin kt d liu (Data Link Layer) Cung cp giao din cho b iu hp mng,
duy tr kt ni logic cho mng con.
Tng mng (Network Layer) H tr a ch logic v nh tuyn.
Tng giao vn (Transport Layer) Kim tra li v kim sot vic lu chuyn lin mng.
Tng phin (Session Layer) Thit lp cc khu vc cho cc ng dng tng tc gia cc
my tnh.
Tng trnh din (Presentation Layer) Dch d liu sang mt dng tiu chun, qun l
vic m ho v nn d liu.
Tng ng dng (Application Layer) Cung cp giao din cho cc ng dng; h tr ng
dng gi file, truyn thng
TCP/IP vi OSI :
Khi kin trc tiu chun OSI xut hin th TCP/IP trn con ng pht trin. Xt mt
cch cht ch, TCP/IP khng tun theo OSI. Tuy nhin, hai m hnh ny c nhng mc tiu ging
nhau v do c s tng tc gia cc nh thit k tiu chun nn hai m hnh c nhng im tng
thch. Cng chnh v th, cc thut ng ca OSI thng c p dng cho TCP/IP.
Mi tng trong TCP/IP c th l mt hay nhiu tng ca OSI. Mi quan h gia chun
TCP/IP bn tng v m hnh OSI by tng c th hin nh trong hnh sau.
12
M hnh OSI
TCP/IP
Hnh 1.5: Mi quan h gia OSI v TCP/IP
1.1.3. Cc nh cung cp dch v Internet

ISP (Internet Service Provider) - Nh cung cp dch v Internet.
Nh cung cp dch v Internet cp quyn truy cp Internet qua mng vin thng v cc
dch v nh: Email, Web, FTP, Telnet, Chat. ISP c cp cng truy cp vo Internet bi IAP.
Hin ti Vit Nam c 16 ISP ng k cung cp dch v, trong c cc ISP chnh thc
cung cp dch v l: Tng Cng ty Bu chnh Vin thng Vit Nam (VNPT), Cng ty u t pht
trin cng ngh FPT, Cng ty Netnam - Vin cng ngh thng tin, Cng ty in t vin thng
qun i (Viettel), Cng ty c phn dch v Internet (OCI), Cng ty c phn dch v Bu chnh
Vin thng Si Gn (SPT), Cng ty c phn vin thng H Ni (HANOITELECOM).
IAP (Internet Access Provider) - Nh cung cp dch v ng truyn kt ni vi
Internet (cn gi l IXP-Internet Exchange Provider).
Nu hiu Internet nh mt siu xa l thng tin th IAP l nh cung cp phng tin a
ngi dng vo xa l. Ni cch khc IAP l kt ni ngi dng trc tip vi Internet. IAP c th
thc hin c chc nng ca ISP nhng ngc li th khng. Mt IAP thng phc v cho nhiu
ISP khc nhau.
Cc IXP (IAP) ti Vit nam bao gm: Tng Cng ty Bu chnh Vin thng Vit Nam
(VNPT), Cng ty u t pht trin cng ngh FPT, Cng ty in t vin thng qun i (Viettel),
Cng ty vin thng in lc (ETC), Cng ty c phn dch v Bu chnh Vin thng Si Gn
(SPT), Cng ty c phn vin thng H Ni (HANOITELECOM).
13
ISP dng ring

ISP dng ring c quyn cung cp y dch v Internet. iu khc nhau duy nht gia
ISP v ISP dng ring l ISP dng ring khng cung cp dch v Internet vi mc ch kinh
doanh. y l loi hnh dch v Internet ca cc c quan hnh chnh, cc trng i hc hay vin
nghin cu.
ICP (Internet Content Provider) - Nh cung cp dch v ni dung thng tin Internet.
ICP cung cp cc thng tin v: kinh t, gio dc, th thao, chnh tr, qun s (thng xuyn
cp nht thng tin mi theo nh k) a ln mng.
OSP (Online Service Provider) - Nh cung dch v ng dng Internet.
OSP cung cp cc dch v trn c s ng dng Internet (OSP) nh: mua bn qua mng, giao
dch ngn hng, t vn, o to,.
USER - Ngi s dng Internet.
Ngi s dng dch v Internet l t chc, c nhn s dng dch v Internet thng qua nh
cung cp dch v Internet (ISP).
Ngi s dng cn tho thun vi mt ISP hay mt ISP dng ring no v cc dch v
Internet c s dng v cch thc thanh ton.
Hin nay c hai cch kt ni ph bin cho ngi dng:
- Kt ni trc tip n n nh cung cp dch v qua ng in thoi,
- Kt ni thng qua mng cc b c ni kt Internet.
Hnh 1.6: Cc phng thc kt ni Internet ph bin.

14
Mi lin quan gia cc IAP-ISP-ICP- USER c m t tng qut theo s sau:
Leased line: Knh

thu ring
Leased line
PSTN: Mng in
thoi cng cng
Leased line
Leased line
Modem
USER
Hnh 1.7: Mi lin quan gia cc IAP-ISP-ICP- USER
1.2.
KHI NIM V NH NGHA
1.2.1. Cc phng thc kt ni

C nhiu phng thc kt ni mt my tnh vi Internet. Cc phng thc ny khc nhau
tu theo kiu ca h thng my tnh ang c s dng.
Kt ni trc tip
Trong kt ni trc tip, cc chng trnh Internet chy trn my tnh cc b, v my tnh
ny s dng cc giao thc TCP/IP trao i d liu vi mt my tnh khc thng qua Internet.
Dng kt ni ny l mt tu chn dnh cho mt my tnh c lp vn khng kt ni ti Internet
thng qua mt nh cung cp dch v Internet. Hin nay, cc kt ni trc tip t ph bin.
Kt ni thit b cui xa
Mt kt ni thit b cui xa ti Internet s trao i cc lnh v cc d liu nh dng
vn bn ASCII vi mt my tnh ch s dng UNIX hoc mt h iu hnh tng t. Cc chng
trnh ng dng TCP/ IP v cc giao thc TCP/IP u chy trn my ch. Kiu kt ni ny hot
ng c i vi mt s kiu my tnh c lp, nhng khng ph bin.
15
Kt ni cng ni
Mt mng cc b khng s dng cc lnh v cc giao thc TCP/IP, n vn c th cung cp
mt s dch v Internet, chng hn nh th in t hoc truyn tp tin. Cc mng nh vy s dng
cc cng ni chuyn i cc lnh, d liu t nh dng TCP/IP.
Kt ni thng qua mt LAN ( mng cc b)
Khi mt LAN c mt kt ni Internet, kt ni m rng ti mi my tnh trn LAN. Dng
kt ni ny thng c cc t chc kinh doanh s dng cung cp kh nng truy cp Internet
cho nhng ngi dng ca LAN.
Kt ni thng qua mt Modem
Nu khng c LAN ti ch, mt my tnh c th kt ni ti Internet thng qua mt cng
truyn thng d liu v mt Modem. Cc nh cung cp dch v (ISP) cung cp cc dch v kiu
ny cho nhng ngi dng gia nh v cc t chc kinh doanh mun kt ni ti Internet.
a s nhng ngi dng ring l u kt ni ti Internet bng cch s dng mt ng dy
in thoi, mt modem v mt ti khon (account). Khi , tu thuc vo nh cung cp dch v,
my tnh ca khch hng c th c gn mt a ch IP c nh, hoc a ch IP ca n v c th
thay i mi ln khch hng ng nhp vo my phc v ca ISP.
1.2.2. a ch IP v tn min
1.2.2.1. a ch IP
Cc my tnh trn Internet phi lm vic vi nhau theo giao thc chun TCP/IP nn i hi
phi c a ch IP v a ch ny tn ti duy nht trong mng. Cu trc ca a ch IP bao gm 32
bit v c chia thnh 4 nhm; cc nhm cch nhau bi du chm (.), mi nhm gm 3 ch s c
gi tr 0 n 255:
xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx. V d: 206.25.128.123
a ch IP ang c s dng hin ti l (IPv4) c 32 bit. Hin nay mt s quc gia a
vo s dng a ch IPv6 nhm m rng khng gian a ch v nhng ng dng mi, Ipv6 bao
gm 128 bit di gp 4 ln ca IPv4. Version IPv4 c kh nng cung cp 232 = 4 294 967 296 a
ch. Cn Version IPv6 c kh nng cung cp ti 2128 a ch.
Hin nay a ch IP c mt t chc phi chnh ph - InterNIC ( Internet Network Center)
cung cp m bo khng c my tnh kt ni Internet no b trng a ch.
(http://www.internic.net)
1.2.2.2. Tn min
Ngi s dng s kh nh c a ch IP dn n vic s dng dch v t mt my tnh
no l rt kh khn v th h thng DNS (Domain Name System - DNS) c gii thiu
phn tip theo) s gn cho mi a ch IP mt ci tn tng ng mang mt ngha no , d nh
cho ngi s dng m thut ng Internet gi l tn min.
16
V d: My ch Web Server ca VNNIC c a ch l 203.162.57.101, tn min ca n l

www.vnnic.net.vn. Thc t ngi s dng khng cn bit n a ch IP m ch cn nh tn min
ny l truy cp c.
Nh vy, tn min l mt s nhn dng v tr ca mt my tnh trn mng Internet. Ni cch
khc, tn min l tn ca cc mng li, tn ca cc my ch trn mng Internet. Mi a ch dng
ch ny lun tng ng vi mt a ch IP dng s.
a) Gii thiu v h thng qun l tn min (Domain Name System-DNS)
Mi my tnh khi kt ni vo mng Internet th c gn cho mt a ch IP xc nh. a
ch IP ca mi my l duy nht v gip my tnh xc nh ng i n mt my tnh khc mt
cch d dng. H thng DNS ra i nhm gip chuyn i t a ch IP kh nh m my s dng
sang mt tn d nh cho ngi s dng, ng thi gip h thng Internet ngy cng pht trin.
H thng DNS s dng h thng c s d liu phn tn v phn cp hnh cy. V vy, vic
qun l s d dng v thun tin cho vic chuyn i t tn min sang a ch IP v ngc li. H
thng DNS ging nh m hnh qun l cng dn ca mt nc. Mi cng dn s c mt tn xc
nh ng thi cng c a ch chng minh th gip qun l con ngi mt cch d dng hn.
- Mi cng dn u c s cn cc qun l, v d: ng Nguyn Vn A c chng minh
th: 111200765.
- Mi mt a ch IP tng ng vi tn min, v d: trang ch ca nh cung cp dch v ISP
ln nht Vit Nam hin ti l VDC c tn min l: home.vnn.vn , tng ng vi a ch IP l:
203.162.0.12.
b) Hot ng ca h thng DNS :
Gi s ngi s dng mun truy cp vo trang web c a ch l http://www.google.com/ .
Tin trnh hot ng ca DNS nh sau:
Trc ht chng trnh trn my ngi s dng gi yu cu tm kim a ch IP ng vi
tn min www.google.com ti my ch qun l tn min (Name Server) cc b thuc mng ca
n (ISP DNS Server).
My ch qun l tn min cc b ny kim tra trong c s d liu ca n xem c cha
c s d liu chuyn i t tn min sang a ch IP ca tn min m ngi s dng yu cu
khng. Trong trng hp my ch qun l tn min cc b c c s d liu ny, n s gi tr li
a ch IP ca my c tn min ni trn (www.google.com)
Trong trng hp my ch qun l tn min cc b khng c c s d liu v tn min
ny, n thng hi ln cc my ch qun l tn min cp cao nht (my ch qun l tn min
lm vic mc Root). My ch qun l tn min mc Root ny s tr v cho my ch qun l
tn min cc b a ch ca my ch tn min qun l cc tn min c ui .com.
My ch qun l tn min cc b gi yu cu n my ch qun l tn min c ui
(.com) tm tn min www.google.com. My ch qun l tn min qun l cc tn min.com s gi
li a ch ca my ch qun l tn min google.com.
17
My ch qun l tn min cc b s hi my ch qun l tn min google.com ny a

ch IP ca tn min www.google.com. Do my ch qun l tn min google.com c c s d liu
v tn min www.google.com nn a ch IP ca tn min ny s c gi tr li cho my ch
qun l tn min cc b.
My ch tn min cc b chuyn thng tin tm c n my ca ngi s dng.
My tnh ca ngi dng s s dng a ch IP ny m mt phin kt ni TCP/IP n
my ch cha trang web c a ch http://www.google.com/.
T chc H thng DNS theo s phn cp tn min trn Internet c cho hnh di y.
khc
Domain com.vn
Domain sieuthi.com.vn la
domain con ca com.vn
Hnh 1.8: T chc ca h thng qun l tn min
c) Cu to tn min (Domain Name): qun l cc my t ti nhng v tr vt l khc

nhau trn h thng mng nhng thuc cng mt t chc, cng lnh vc hot ng ngi ta
nhm cc my ny vo mt tn min (Domain). Trong min ny nu c nhng t chc nh hn,
lnh vc hot ng hp hn th c chia thnh cc min con (Sub Domain). Tn min dng
du chm (.) lm du phn cch. Cu trc min v cc min con ging nh mt cy phn cp.
V d www.home.vnn.vn l tn min my ch web ca VNNIC. Thnh phn th nht
www l tn ca my ch, thnh phn th hai home thng gi l tn min cp 3 (Third Level
Domain Name), thnh phn th ba vnn gi l tn min mc 2 (Second Level Domain Name)
18
thnh phn cui cng vn l tn min mc cao nht (ccTLD - Country Code Top Level Domain
Name).
Hnh nh m t s phn cp ca tn min
www. yahoo.com 204.23.43.121 -> a ch IP
tn min
Phn loi theo t chc

Cp cao nht
Theo vng a l
:
Gov edu mil com org net int
msn
investor
yahoo
vnn
vn
edu
fpt
onsale
vnu
Hnh 1.9: S phn cp ca tn min
Qui tc t tn min:
Tn min nn c t n gin v c tnh cht gi nh, ph hp vi mc ch v phm vi
hot ng ca t chc, c nhn s hu tn min.
Mi tn min c c ti a 63 k t bao gm c du .. Tn min c t bng cc ch
s v ch ci (a-z A-Z 0-9) v k t -.
Mt tn min y c chiu di khng vt qu 255 k t
19
Di y l cc tn min thng dng :

Domain
M t
com
Cc t chc thng mi, doanh nghip (Commercial)
edu
Cc t chc gio dc ( Education)
gov
Cc t chc chnh ph (Government)
int
Cc t chc Quc t (International Organisations)
mil
Cc t chc qun s (Military)
net
Mt mng khng thuc cc loi phn vng khc (Network)
org
Cc t chc khng thuc mt trong cc loi trn (Other orgnizations)
Ngoi ra, mi Quc gia cn c mt min gm hai k t. V d: vn (Vit Nam), us

(M), ca (Canada)
Bng sau l cc k hiu tn vng ca mt s nc trn th gii:
Domain
Quc gia tng ng
at
be
ca
Canada
fi
Phn Lan
fr
Php
de
CHLB c
il
Israel
it
Italia
jp
Nht
vn
Vit Nam
* Chi tit hn tham kho ti Website: http:www.iana.org/cctld/cctld-whois.htm

1.2.3. Web v HTML
1.2.3.1. Web
World Wide Web (gi tt l Web hay WWW): l mng li ngun thng tin cho php khai
thc thng qua mt s cng c, chng trnh hot ng di cc giao thc mng.
WWW l cng c, phng tin, hay ng hn l mt dch v ca Internet.
Mt ti liu siu vn bn - c gi ph bin hn l mt trang web -, l mt tp tin c m
ho c bit, s dng ngn ng nh du siu vn bn -HTML (HyperText Markup Languages).
20
Ngn ng ny cho php tc gi ca mt ti liu nhng cc lin kt siu vn bn (cn c gi l

cc siu lin kt -hyperlink) vo trong ti liu. Cc lin kt siu vn bn l nn mng ca World
Wide Web.
Khi c mt trang web, c th nhp chut vo mt t hay mt hnh nh c m ho nh
mt lin kt siu vn bn v s lp tc chuyn ti mt v tr khc nm bn trong ti liu hoc
ti mt trang Web khc. Trang th hai c th nm trn cng my tnh vi trang u, hoc c th
nm bt k ni no trn Internet.
Mt tp hp cc trang Web c lin quan c gi l WebSite. Mi WebSite c lu tr
trn trn mt my phc v Web, vn l cc my ch Internet lu tr hng ngn trang Web ring
l. Vic sao chp mt trang ln mt Web Server c gi l ti (hoc np) ln (uploading) hay
cng b ( publishing).
Hnh 1.10: Hnh nh ca 1 trang Web

Web cung cp thng tin rt a dng bao gm vn bn, hnh nh, m thanh, video. Hin nay
cc trang Web s dng phn phi tin tc, cc dch v gio dc, thng tin, danh mc sn phm,
cng nhiu th khc. Cc trang Web tng tc cho php cc c gi tra cu c s d liu, t
hng cc sn phm v cc thng tin, gi s tin thanh ton bng th tn dng ..
Web l mt phn ca Internet, l mt loi dch v i vi nhng ngi truy cp ti nguyn
ca Internet. Di y l mt hnh nh ca mt trang Web :
Cc trnh duyt Web
Mt trnh duyt Web l mt phn mm ng dng c thit k tm cc ti liu siu vn
bn trn Web ri m cc ti liu trn my tnh ngi s dng. Hin nay, cc trnh duyt thng
21
Hnh 1.11: Hnh nh ca ca s trnh duyt Internet Explorer
Hnh 1.12: Hnh nh ca ca s trnh duyt Netscape Navigator.

22
Ngn ng ca WWW c gi l gi l ngn ng nh du siu vn bn - HTML. V vy,

chng ta cn tm hiu HTML l g v hc cch s dng cc th (tag) ca HTML trong phn
tip theo.
1.2.3.2. Gii thiu v HTML

HTML - Hyper Text Markup Language : ngn ng nh du siu vn bn
HTML cho php to cc trang Web phi hp hi ho vn bn thng thng vi hnh nh m
thanh, video, cc mi lin kt n cc trang siu vn bn khc
Tn gi ngn ng nh du siu du siu vn bn phn nh thc cht ca cng c ny. Cc
thut ng c th c hiu nh sau:
- Hyper - (siu): HTML cho php
Internet. N c tc dng che du s phc
Internet c th c vn bn m khng cn
xy dng phc tp nh th no. HTML
kinh in.
lin kt nhiu trang vn bn ri rc khp ni trn

tp ca Internet i vi ngi s dng. Ngi dng
bit n vn bn ang nm u, h thng c
thc s vt ra khi khun kh khi nim vn bn
- Text vn bn: HTML u tin v trc ht l trnh by vn bn v da trn nn tng

l mt vn bn.
- Language - Ngn ng: HTML l mt ngn ng tng t nh cc ngn ng lp trnh, tuy
n gin hn. N c c php cht ch vit cc lnh nhm thc hin vic trnh din vn bn.
- Markup - nh du: HTML l ngn ng ca cc th (Tag) nh du. Cc th ny xc nh
cch thc trnh by on vn bn tng ng trn mn hnh.
Gii thiu cc th HTML
Trang m ngun HTML l vn bn bnh thng bao gm cc k t ASCII, c th c to
ra bng bt c b son tho thng thng no. Theo quy c, tt c cc tp m ngun ca ca
trang siu vn bn phi c ui l.html hoc.htm
Khi b duyt (Browser) c trang m ngun HTML, din dch cc th lnh v hin th n
ln mn hnh my tnh th ta thng gi l trang Web. Vy trang Web khng tn ti nguyn gc
trn a cng ca my tnh. N l ci th hin ca trang m ngun qua x l ca b duyt. Nh sau
ny ta s thy, cc b duyt khc nhau c th hin th cng mt trang m ngun khng hon ton
ging nhau.
Ni son tho siu vn bn tc l to ra trang m ngun HTML ng quy nh b duyt
hiu c v hin th ng.
Hin nay c nhiu cng c son tho siu vn bn mnh nh Frontpage2003, Macromedia
Dreamweaver MX,.vi giao din trc quan v t ng sinh m cho php son tho siu vn bn
nh son tho thng thng.
Tuy nhin, vic tm hiu c php ca HTML, nm vng ngha ca cc th khc nhau vn
rt cn thit to ra cc trang Web ng, tng tc vi ngi s dng, phc v cc ng
dng Internet sau ny.
23
Cc th HTML
Cc th (Tag) dng bo cho trnh duyt cch thc trnh by vn bn trn mn hnh hoc
dng chn mt mi lin kt n cc trang khc, mt on chng trnh khc... Mi th gm
mt t kho - KEYWORD- bao bc bi hai du "b hn" (<) v "ln hn" (>). Hu ht cc lnh
th hin bng mt cp hai th: th m (<KEYWORD >) v th ng (</KEYWORD>). Du gch
xin("/") k hiu th ng. Lnh s tc ng vo on vn bn nm gia hai th.
<KEYWORD> on vn bn chu tc ng ca lnh </KEYWORD>
Mt s th khng c cp, chng c gi l cc th rng hay th n. Ch c th m
<KEYWORD > m thi.
Cu trc ca mt trang vn bn HTML
Mi ti liu HTML u c khung cu trc nh sau:
<HEAD><TITLE></TITLE></HEAD>
<BODY>
</BODY>
</HTML>
trong : <HTML>, </HTML>: m u v kt thc mt chng trnh
<HEAD>, </HEAD>: m u v kt thc phn u chng trnh; <BODY>, </BODY>:
m u v kt thc thn chng trnh;
Bi tp v d :
hiu v HTML, chng ta s bt u vi vic son tho mt ti liu HTML n gin nht.
- Chn mt b son tho bt k : NotePad, WordPad, Word...
- Hy nhp vo chnh xc nh di y, thay ni dung (phn in nghing) vo ch cn thit
<HTML>
<HEAD><TITLE>Thanh tiu </TITLE></HEAD>
<BODY>
Ni dung ca ti liu nm y: bao gm cc hnh nh, m thanh, text, video,.
</BODY>
</HTML>
- Ghi lu vi tn tp l index.htm. Lu dng ch in thng cho tn tp v phn ui phi

l .htm
- Khi ng b duyt Web v m tp HTML va son xong xem kt qu.
Cc mc u trong HTML
Di y s gii thiu mt s th c bn ca HTML :
- Cc tag s dng cho ton b cu trc : <html >, <head>, <body>
24
- Cc tag s dng cho cc tiu v cc paragraph : <title>, <h1> n <h6>, <p>

- Cc tag s dng cho phn bnh ch 
- Cc tag s dng cho cc danh sch <ol>, <ul>, <li> v <dd>
- Tag lin kt HTML (<a> ..</a>) v cc thnh phn khc nhau ca n
- Tag <img > dng lin kt hnh nh trong cc trang Web
- Tag <table> dng to bng
V cch s dng cc th HTML tm hiu su hn c th tm c ti liu tham kho c
lin quan v lp trnh Web vi HTML (xem ti liu tham kho).
1.2.4. Gii thiu v cc dch v ch yu trn Internet
Cc dch v Internet ngy cng phong ph v c b sung, ci tin khng ngng. n nay,
cc dch v chnh ca Inernet l:
1.2.4.1. Dch v ng nhp t xa Telnet

Telnet cho php ngi s dng ng nhp t xa vo h thng t mt thit b u cui no
trn mng. Vi Telnet ngi s dng hon ton c th lm vic vi h thng t xa nh th h
ang ngi lm vic ngay trc mn hnh ca h thng. Kt ni Telnet l mt kt ni TCP dng
truyn d liu vi cc thng tin iu khin.
1.2.4.2. Dch v truyn tp (FTP)

Dch v truyn tp (FTP) l mt dch v c bn v ph bin cho php chuyn cc tp d
liu gia cc my tnh khc nhau trn mng. FTP h tr tt c cc dng tp, trn thc t n khng
quan tm ti dng tp cho d l tp vn bn m ASCII hay cc tp d liu dng nh phn. Vi
cu hnh ca my phc v FTP, c th qui nh quyn truy nhp ca ngi s dng vi tng th
mc d liu, tp d liu cng nh gii hn s lng ngi s dng c kh nng cng mt lc c
th truy nhp vo cng mt ni lu tr d liu.
1.2.4.3. Dch v Gopher

Trc khi Web ra i, Gopher l dch v rt c a chung. Gopher l mt dch v truyn
tp tng t nh FTP, nhng n h tr ngi dng trong vic cung cp thng tin v ti nguyn.
Client Gopher hin th mt thc n, ngi dng ch vic la chn ci m mnh cn. Kt qu ca
vic la chn c th hin mt thc n khc.
Gopher b gii hn trong kiu cc d liu. N ch hin th d liu di dng m ASCII mc
d c th chuyn d liu dng nh phn v hin th n bng mt phn mm khc.
1.2.4.4. Dch v WAIS

WAIS (Wide Area Information Serves) l mt dch v tm kim d liu. WAIS thng
xuyn bt u vic tm kim d liu ti th mc ca my ch, ni cha ton b danh mc ca cc
my phc v khc. Sau WAIS thc hin tm kim ti my phc v thch hp nht. WAIS c
th thc hin cng vic ca mnh vi nhiu loi d liu khc nhau nh vn bn ASCII, PostScript,
GIF, TIFF, in th,
1.2.4.5. Dch v World Wide Web

World Wide Web (WWW hay Web) l mt dch v tch hp, s dng n gin v c hiu
qu nht trn Internet. Web tch hp c FTP, WAIS, Gopher. Trnh duyt Web c th cho php
truy nhp vo tt c cc dch v trn.
25
Ti liu WWW c vit bng ngn ng HTML. Siu vn bn l vn bn bnh thng cng
thm mt s lnh nh dng. HTML c nhiu cch lin kt vi cc ti nguyn FTP, WAIS server,
Gopher Server v Web Server. Web Server l my phc v Web, p ng cc yu cu v truy nhp
ti liu HTML. Web Server trao i cc ti liu HTML bng giao thc HTTP (HyperText Transfer
Protocol) hay cn gi l giao thc truyn siu vn bn.
Trnh duyt Web (Web Client) l chng trnh xem cc ti liu Web. Trnh duyt Web
gi cc a ch URL (URL-Uniform Resource Locator: B nh v ti nguyn ng dng) n cc
my phc v Web sau nhn trang Web t my phc v Web phin dch v hin th chng. Khi
giao tip vi my phc v Web th trnh duyt Web s dng giao thc HTTP. Khi giao tip vi
Gopher Server th trnh duyt Web hot ng nh mt Gopher Client v s dng giao thc
Gopher. Khi giao tip vi FTP Server th trnh duyt Web hot ng nh mt FTP client v s
dng giao thc FTP. Trnh duyt Web c th thc hin cc cng vic khc nh ghi trang Web vo
a, gi Email, tm kim xu k t trn trang Web, Hin nay c hai trnh duyt Web c s
dng nhiu nht l Internet Explorer v Netscape. Ngoi ra, cn c mt s trnh duyt khc nh
Opera, Mozilla,
1.2.4.6. Dch v th in t (E-mail)

Dch v th in t l mt dch v thng dng nht trong mi h thng mng d ln hay
nh. Th in t c s dng rng ri nh mt phng tin giao tip hng ngy trn mng nh
tnh linh hot v ph bin ca n. T cc trao i th tn thng thng, thng tin qung co, tip
th, n nhng cng vn, bo co, hay k c nhng bn hp ng thng mi, chng t,... tt c
u c trao i thng qua th in t.
H thng th in t c chia lm hai phn: MUA (Mail User Agent) v MTA (Message
Transfer Agent). MUA thc cht l mt h thng lm nhim v tng tc trc tip vi ngi
dng cui, gip h nhn bn tin, son tho bn tin, lu cc bn tin v gi bn tin. Nhim v ca
MTA l nh tuyn bn tin v x l cc bn tin n t h thng ca ngi dng sao cho cc bn
tin n c ng h thng ch.
a ch th in t
H thng a ch th in t hot ng cng ging nh a ch th trong h thng th bu
chnh. Mt bn tin (message, bn tin) in t mun n c ch th a ch ngi nhn l mt
yu t khng th thiu. Trong mt h thng th in t, mi ngi c mt a ch th. T a ch
th s xc inh c thng tin ca ngi s hu a ch trong mng. Ni chung khng c mt
quy tc thng nht cho vic nh a ch th, bi v mi h thng th li c th s dng mt qui
c ring v a ch. gii quyt vn ny, ngi ta thng s dng hai khun dng a ch l
a ch min (Domain-Base Address) c s dng nhiu trn h iu hnh Windows, v a ch
UUCP (Unix to Unix Copy Command) c s dng nhiu trn h iu hnh Unix. Ngoi hai
dng a ch trn, cn c mt dng a ch na to thnh bi s kt hp ca c hai dng a ch
trn, gi l a ch hn hp.
a ch min l dng a ch thng dng nht. Khng gian a ch min c cu trc hnh cy.
Mi nt ca cy c mt nhn duy nht cng nh mi ngi dng c mt a ch th duy nht. Cc
26
a ch min xc nh a ch ch tuyt i ca ngi nhn. Do , dng a ch ny d s dng

i vi ngi dng: h khng cn bit ch xc ng i ca bn tin nh th no.
a ch tn min c khun dng nh sau:
Thng_tin_ngi_dng@thng_tin_tn_min
Phn thng_tin_tn_min gm mt xu cc nhn cch nhau bi mt du chm (.).
V d :
nguyen_van_An@yahoo.com
ptit@hn.vnn.vn
levanminh@vnpt.com.vn
Cu trc ca mt bn tin (Message)

Mt bn tin in t gm c nhng thnh phn chnh sau y:
u bn tin (Header): cha a ch th ca ngi nhn. MUA s dng a ch ny
phn bn tin v ng hp th ca ngi nhn.
To
: a ch ca ngi nhn bn tin.
From : a ch ca ngi gi bn tin.

Subject
: M t ngn gn ni dung ca bn tin.
Cc
: Cc a ch ngi nhn bn tin ngoi ngi nhn chnh trng To:.
Bcc
: Cc a ch ngi nhn bn tin b mt, khi ngi gi khng mun cc ngi
nhn trng To: v Cc: bit.
Thn bn tin (Body): cha ni dung ca bn tin.
Chng 2 chng ta s tm hiu k hn v cc dch v thng tin trn mng Internet v cch
s dng, khai thc cc dch v trn.
1.2.4.7. Dch v Internet Relay Chat (IRC-Ni chuyn qua Internet)

IRC l hnh thc hi thoi trc tip trn Internet. Vi dch v ny hai hay nhiu ngi c
th cng trao i thng tin trc tip qua bn phm my tnh. Ngha l bt k cu nh trn my
ca ngi ny u hin th trn mn hnh ca ngi ang cng hi thoi.
C nhiu chng trnh h tr cho php chat trc tip (nhng ngi chat ang Online) hoc
gin tip (nhng ngi chat ang Offline) vi i phng. Ngi s dng c th chat bng ch
(text), chat bng m thanh (voice) hoc bng hnh nh (web-cam)... Ngoi chat trn Internet ngi
s dng cn c th chat vi nhau trn mng LAN.
Textchat v Voice chat
Text chat l g phm trn mt chng trnh chat no mt li nhn, sau g Enter. Li
nhn lp tc c gi ti my ca ngi c gi v sau ngi gi c th nhn ngc li cc
li nhn t ngi bn chat .
27
Hnh 1.13: Ca s mt chng trnh chat

Voice chat cho php cc bn ni chuyn vi nhau (ging nh ni chuyn in thoi) m ch
phi tr mt lng tin rt t so vi bn gi in thoi trc tip, nhng i hi cu hnh my tnh
rt mnh v ng truyn ln v n nh. Vit Nam hin nay, text chat c s dng ph bin.
truyn hnh nh trn Internet ngi ta dng mt thit b camera gi l Webcam. Tuy
nhin, ch c mt s trang web bn c th thy c webcam hoc ch mt s chng trnh chat
client h tr webcam th bn mi lm c iu ny. Cc chng trnh h tr webcam nh:
Yahoo! messenger, MNS messenger...
Hnh 2.25: u ni vi Webcam vi my tnh c nhn
Webchat v chat client

Mun s dng dch v Text chat c th dng mt trong hai cch.
28
Cch th nht l Web chat, vo cc trang web c dch v Chatting s dng. Nguyn tc
c bn khi hi thoi trn trang web l ch cn chn cho mnh mt ci tn chat (Nick name),
v chn chatroom (phng tr chuyn) trong trang web .
Hnh 2.26- Ca s chng trnh webcam

Hin nay trn th gii v Vit Nam c rt nhiu trang web c dch v chat, nh:
http://chatting.com,
http://saigon.vnn.vn,
www.hcmpt.vnn.vn/webchat,
http://usa.net,
www.communityconnect.com,
http://www.vietchat.com,
http://www.infoseek.com,
www.alamak.com, vietfun.com, www.aol.com, www.yahoo.com, www.msn.com
Cch th hai l Chatclient. Nu dng trang web chat th kh n gin v tin li, khng
phi mt cng khai bo thm thng s g khc ngoi vic chn Nickname v ng nhp vo phng
chat. Tuy nhin, chat trn trang web th chm, giao din khng p v t tin ch hn nu dng
chng trnh Chat client.
Hin nay c rt nhiu chng trnh Chat client, nhng chng trnh MIRC l ph bin v
tin li nht. chat bng chng trnh Chat client, ngi truy cp mng phi bit c t nht l
cc khi nim nh "Server chat" (cho php kt ni n server ny chat, v hin nay trn mng
Vit Nam c cc server chat l: irc.saigonnet.vn, chat.fpt.com; irc.vietchat.com Thng cc
Port chat (cng dch v chat) l 6667 hoc 23; Cc server ny c rt nhiu phng chat, nh:
#lobby, #netcenter, #vietchat, #saigonnet,). Mun kt ni vo mt trong cc server trn chat,
ngi s dng phi ti xung (download) chng trnh MIRC s dng hay lm theo hng dn
trong mc Chat client c ngay trn trang web.
Chat server: Cc chat server ca cc chng trnh chat ph bin hin nay
- Chat MIRC: Ngi dng phi nhp vo cc IRC Server ca cc chat server
- Chat AOL: Chat Server ca AOL l: login.oscar.aol.com
- Chat ICQ: Chat Server ca ICQ l: login.icq.com
29
Sau khi kt ni thnh cng trn mn hnh s xut hin mt ca s, hin th tt c cc thnh
vin ang tham gia vo phng chat. Ti y, bn c th ni chuyn vi bt k thnh vin no
ang tham gia hi thoi. Trong danh sch Nickname s c Nickname ca bn. Nu mun ni
chuyn vi nhiu ngi th g dng i thoi vo khung trng nh cui mn hnh sau nhn
Enter. Trng hp mun ni chuyn ring vi mt thnh vin no th nhp p chut vo tn
thnh vin . Mt ca s ring bit s m ra, lc ny c th g bt k thng tin g vo khung
trng pha di chat ring vi thnh vin .
1.2.4.8. Cc dch v khc

Cc dch v cao cp trn Internet c th lit k nh: Internet Telephony, Internet Fax,.
Chi tit hn v cc dch v ny, c th tham kho ti cc Website ca cc nh cung cp dch
v Internet hoc cc sch, gio trnh v mng v Internet.
30
TM TT NI DUNG CHNG 1
Cc kin thc cn ghi nh trong chng 1:

Internet l mt mng my tnh ln nht th gii, hoc chnh xc hn l mng ca cc
mng, tc l bao gm nhiu mng my tnh c ni li vi nhau. Cc mng c lin kt vi
nhau qua giao thc TCP/IP. Internet c ngun gc t mng ARPANET ca B Quc phng M.
Cc my tnh v mng my tnh trn Internet kt ni vi nhau thng qua cc thit b
mng, v d router, ch yu s dng giao thc TCP/IP.
TCP/IP l mt b giao thc kt ni c s dng cho vic truyn thng tin t my tnh
ny sang my khc v t mng my tnh ny sang mng khc. TCP/IP hin nay c s dng rt
rng ri trong vic kt ni mng my tnh.
M hnh phn tng OSI v m hnh phn tng ca Internet
Cc phng thc kt ni Internet (C 5 cch, trong cch kt ni thng qua mng LAN
v qua modem cn ch hn).
Khi nim a ch IP, tn min. H thng qun l tn min.
Web v HTML, cc khi nim v www, trnh duyt web. Ngn ng nh du siu vn bn
HTML.
S lc v mt s dch v ch yu trn Internet.
31
CU HI V BI TP
Cu 1:
Mng Ineternet ra i vo nm no? Trnh by lch s pht trin ca Internet.
a) 1965
b) 1969
c) 1978
d) 1984
Cu 2:
Dch v Ineternet c chnh thc cung cp ti Vit nam vo nm no?.
a) 1986
b) 1990
c) 1997
d) 2000
Cu 3:
Arpanet l?
a) Tin thn ca Internet
b) Mt chun mng cc b (LAN)
c) Mt chun mng din rng (MAN)
d) M hnh phn tng
Cu 4:
Ethernet l?
c) Mt chun mng din rng (MAN)
d) M hnh phn tng
Cu 5:
2 mng c th kt ni vi nhau th:
32
a) Ch cn dng 1 thit b kt ni 2 mng
b) Cn phi c cc giao thc truyn tin nh cc ngn ng 2 mng c th trao i.
c) Cn c 2 iu kin a) v b)
d) Khng th kt ni 2 mng
Cu 6:
Cc quy tc iu khin, qun l vic truyn thng my tnh c gi l :
a) Cc vt mang
b) Cc giao thc
c) Cc dch v
d) Cc h iu hnh mng
Cu 7:
Cc thit b thng dng kt ni cc mng trn Internet
a) Router
b) Card mng
c) Cp
d) HUB
Cu 8:
TCP/IP l
a) 1 giao thc
b) 1 b giao thc
c) 1 thit b mng
d) 1 phn mm
Cu 9:
Giao thc c dng ch yu trn Internet? Trnh by v giao thc .
a) NETBEUI
b) IPX/SPX
c) TCP/IP
d) ARPA
Cu 10:
TCP c my tng?
a) 3 tng
b) 4 tng
33
c) 5 tng
d) 7 tng
Cu 11:
M hnh OSI c my tng? Trnh by v m hnh OSI v cc tng ca TCP/IP?
a) 3 tng
b) 4 tng
c) 5 tng
d) 7 tng
Cu 12:
Cc tng no di y khng thuc giao thc TCP/IP ?
a) Tng truy cp mng
b) Tng vt l
c) Tng Internet
d) Tng giao vn
Cu 13:
Trong cc thut ng di, nhng thut ng no ch b giao thc?
a) TCP/TCP
b) NetBEUI
c) LAN/WAN
d) IPX/SPX
Cu 14:
Trong cc thut ng di y, nhng thut ng no KHNG ch dch v Internet
a) WWW (World Wide Web)
b) Chat
c) E-mail
d) TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)
Cu 15:
Lut l trn Internet l g? Ai t ra chng?
Cu 16:
Hy chn ng cc nh cung cp dch v Internet v nu tn y ca t vit tt
34
a) IAP
b) ISP
c) IIS
d) ICP
Cu 17:
Phng php kt ni Internet no ph bin nht i vi ngi dng ring l?
a) Kt ni trc tip
b) Kt ni thng qua 1 mng cc b (LAN)
c) Kt ni qua modem
d) Kt ni qua card mng
Cu 18:
Trnh by v a ch IP. Nhng cu trc a ch IP no di y l ng ? Ti sao?
a) 10.16.200.300
b) 192.168.1.0
c) 400.20.1.255
d) 172.193.0.0
Cu 19:
Mc ch chnh ca vic a ra tn min
a) D nh
b) Tn min p hn a ch IP
c) Thiu a ch IP
d) Tn min d x l bi my tnh hn
Cu 20:
H thng tn min c t chc theo
a) Ngang hng
b) Phn cp hnh cy
c) Khng c t chc r rng
d) Theo cc lp
Cu 21:
Internet Explorer l
a) 1 chun mng cc b
b) Trnh duyt web dng hin th cc trang web trn Internet

35
c) B giao thc
d) Thit b kt ni cc mng
Cu 23:
Ngn ng nh du siu vn bn c vit tt l? Trnh by v ngn ng nh du siu
vn bn.
a) HTTP
b) FTP
c) WWW
d) HTML
Cu 24:
Ngn ng nh du siu vn bn
a) L 1 ngn ng lp trnh h thng rt mnh
b) L 1 ngn ng lp trnh ng dng rt mnh
c) L ngn ng n gin, s dng cc th to ra cc trang vn bn hn hp
d) Khng phi ngn ng lp trnh
Cu 25:
Hy to ng k, mt hp th in t (e-mail) min ph cho ring mnh trn Internet bng
vic s dng Webserver ca yahoo hoc hotmail.
Cu 26:
Hy s dng notepad to ra mt trang vn bn HTML vi cc yu cu sau :
- t tn file l: baitap2_ho-ten.htm
- To cc thng tin c nhn trong trang, bao gm cc thng tin c bn: H tn, ngy sinh,
gii tnh a ch ni c tr, c quan cng tc, mn th thao a thch,...
- S dng e-mail to ra bi tp 1 k trn gi cho mt ngi bn v gio vin hng dn
ca mnh
36
Chng 2: Cc dch v thng dng trn Internet
0 CHNG 2: CC DCH V THNG DNG TRN

INTERNET
GII THIU
Vic s dng thnh tho khai thc c hiu qu cc dch v trn Internet l nhu cu tt yu
ca ngi s dng trong k nguyn Internet, c bit l i vi nhng ngi thng xuyn s
dng Internet trong cng vic hng ngy cng nh trong vic tip cn ngun ti nguyn tri thc
khng l phc v cng tc nghin cu, hc tp.
i vi sinh vin tham gia chng trnh o to i hc t xa qua mng, nhng ngi s
trc tip s dng cc dch v ny phc v cho vic nghin cu, hc tp ca mnh th vic tm hiu,
v s dng thnh tho cc dch v trn mng cng c ngha quan trng hn ai ht. Chng ny
s gii thiu v cc dch v v cc hng dn s dng chi tit cch s dng mt s dch v
Internet c bn
Cc dch v thng dng trn Internet sau s c gii thiu trong chng:
Dch v World Wide Web (WWW), cch s dng cc trnh duyt Web.
Hng dn kt ni Internet
Dch v tm kim thng tin, tm ting Vit, ting Anh.
Dch v ti tp tin t Internet.
Dch v chat, din n.
nm c ni dung ca chng ny v thc hnh mt cch tt nht, ngi c cn thc
hnh thc t mt s ln trn mt my tnh c ni mng Internet theo cc bc c gii thiu
trong ti liu.
i vi nhng ai s dng thnh tho my tnh v nhng thit b tin hc c th thc hnh
qua n li mt cch c h thng hn v chuyn qua phn tr li cu hi v lm bi tp cui
chng.
2.1. DCH V WWW
2.1.1. Gii thiu chung
Nh ni, Internet l mt kho thng tin khng l. N cho php truy nhp v khai thc cc
c s d liu thuc nhiu lnh vc kinh t x hi, ngnh ngh, cc thng tin v khoa hc k thut,
gio dc v o to, cc kt qu nghin cu khoa hc cng ngh, cc thng tin v thng mi, th
trng, gi c, d bo thi tit,... Cc thng tin ny c hin th di dng cc trang Web c
cha cc loi d liu nh vn bn, hnh nh, m thanh, phim video,... Mun xem v ly c ni
dung trn cc trang WEB cn phi bit cch s dng trnh duyt Web (Web Browser). Hin nay
37
c hai trnh duyt Web ni ting v thng dng nht l: Netscape Navigator ca cng ty Netcape
v Internet Explorer ca cng ty Microsoft.
Thng thng trnh duyt Internet Explorer c ci t sn ngay khi ci t h iu hnh
WINDOWS.
2.1.1. Thc hnh s dng chng trnh INTERNET EXPLORER
(1) Khi ng v thot khi chng trnh Internet Explorer:
- Khi ng: Kch p vo biu tng Internet Explorer
biu tng Internet Explorer trn thanh Taskbar.
- Thot khi: Kch chut vo biu tng
duyt.
trn mn hnh hoc kch vo
gc phi trn cng thanh tiu ca trnh
(2) S dng ng nhp a ch Web trn thanh cng c :

truy nhp n mt a ch (URL - Uniform Resourse Locater) trn Internet, g a ch
vo ng nhp Address. V d, mun truy nhp vo a ch ca trang ch ca nh cung cp dch
v Internet VDC, g a ch http://home.vnn.vn/ nh hnh di y: [ 1 ]
nhp a ch
(3) M thm ca s duyt WEB :
m ca s mi duyt Web, thc hin cc bc sau:
Bc 1: Chn mc FILE trn thanh lnh.
Bc 2: Chn mc New --> Window
Bi tp v d: Hy thc hnh m cc ca s duyt Web vi cc a ch sau:
+ http://www.vnn.vn
+ http://www.fpt.vn
+ http://www.ptit.edu.vn
Lu :
(1) C th s dng ngay t hp phm nng CTRL-N m mt ca s duyt Web mi.
(2) Trong ng nhp: Address c th ch cn nhp a ch bt u t www v b qua
http://.
(3) Hy thu nh ca s duyt Web kim tra thao tc lm.
(3) Cc nt chc nng : Back, Forward, Stop, Refresh
Trong chng 2, do s lng hnh minh ho ln nn cc hnh s khng c nh s
38
Back
Forward (
Stop (
Refresh (
: quay tr li trang Web trc .
) : tin n trang Web tip theo.

)
: dng vic ti ni dung trang Web.

)
: ti li ni dung trang Web.
(5) Hin th/che du thanh cng c:
- Hin th thanh cng c (Toolbar):

+ Bc 1: Vo mc View trn thanh lnh (menu) chn chc nng Toolbar,
+ Bc 2: Kch chut vo tn ca thanh cng c cn hin th ( kt qu l c du "9" xut
hin pha trc tn ca thanh cng c).
- Che du thanh cng c :
+ Bc 1: Vo mc VIEW trn thanh lnh (menu) chn chc nng Toolbar.
+ Bc 2: Kch chut vo tn ca thanh cng c cn hin th (kt qu l c du "9"
bin mt)
(6) Thao tc nhanh i vi vic m trang WEB
- Chc nng ca nt H ome (
):
+ Thit lp a ch trang Web mc nh (gi l trang Home) khi m trnh duyt.

+ Quay tr v trang Web mc nh: khi ang trong mt trang Web no m mun quay
tr li mt trang Web mc nh, ch bng cch n gin l kch chn vo nt Home trn thanh
cng c.
- thit lp a ch trang Web lin kt vi nt Home, cc bc thao tc nh sau:
+ Bc 1: Truy cp vo trang Web c chn l Home page.
39
+ Bc 2: Trn thanh Menu, kch chut vo mc Tool, sau chn Internet Options.
+ Bc 3: Chn trang General. Trong hp Home page, chn nt Use Current.
- quay tr li trang Home, ngoi cch nhn vo nt Home trn thanh cng c chun, c
th s dng phm tt bng cch nhn t hp phm Alt + Home.
(7) B sung a ch vo s cc a ch a thch (Favorite Pages):
- Khi mun lu a ch cc trang Web a thch ln sau c th truy cp li vo trang ny
ch vi ln bm phm chut m khng phi truy tm li cc thao tc lm trc hay g li
dng a ch di dng, kh nh th:
+ Bc 1: Truy cp vo trang Web mun ghi nh,
+ Bc 2: Trn thanh cng c Standard Buttons, n vo nt Favorites,
+ Bc 3: Sau n vo chc nng Add,
+ Bc 4: Trong hp thoi hin ra, hy g tn m t trang Web mun lu a ch v chn nt
OK.
- thm a ch ca trang Web hin ti vo s a ch a thch trong thanh Link, ngoi
cch thao tc nh trn, c th s dng mt trong nhng cch sau:
+ Cch 1: Ko biu tng ca trang Web hin ti t thanh a ch ti thanh cng c Link.
+ Cch 2: Ko mt lin kt t mt trang Web ti thanh cng c Link.
+ Cch 3: Ko mt lin kt ti th mc Link trong s a ch a thch.
C th t chc li cc lin kt bng cch ko chng ti mt v tr khc trn thanh cng c
Link.
Bi tp v d: Hy lu 10 a ch trang Web c hng dn s dng Internet bng ting Vit
vo trnh duyt Web trn my tnh m bn ang s dng.
(8) S dng thanh cng c LINK:
Nu thanh cng c LINK cha xut hin, vo mc VIEW,
chn chc nng TOOLBARS v chn LINKS.
C th xo mc lin kt a ch c trn thanh ny hoc c
th thm cc a ch lin kt bng cch ko a ch t cc ni nh:
thanh a ch, s a ch cc trang Web yu thch hay cc a ch xut
hin trn trang Web ang duyt,...
(9) S dng TEMPORARY INTERNET FILES:
Trnh duyt Web s dng mt khng gian trn a cng gi l TEMPORARY INTERNET
FILES lu cc trang Web trc khi th hin cc trang trn mn hnh. iu ny cho php
bn c th xem li ni dung xem nhanh hn, ng thi c th xem li cc trang WEB xem
trong trng thi khng kt ni INTERNET (Work Offline).
40
- Mun xem li cc trang Web trong

trng thi khng kt ni INTERNET, hy
lm cc bc sau:
+ Bc 1: Trn thanh Menu, kch
chut vo mc FILE, sau chn Work
Offline
+ Bc 2: Chn nt HISTORY trn
thanh cng c STANDARD BUTTONS,
sau chn cc trang Web xem trong
danh sch hin th.
- Mun xo b tt c ni dung lu
trong th mc tm thi , hy lm cc
bc sau:
+ Bc 1: Trn thanh Menu, kch
chut vo mc Tool, sau chn Internet Options.
+ Bc 2: Chn mc DELETE FILES, sau chn nt OK
(10) In ni dung mt trang WEB ra my in:
in ni dung mt trang Web ra my in:
+ Bc 1: M trang mun in.
+ Bc 2: Chn mc FILE --> Print...--> chn tham s cho my in v cui cng l nhn nt
PRINT.
(11) Sao lu mt trang WEB trn my tnh c nhn:
lu mt trang Web a thch trn Internet vo my tnh, thc hin cc bc sau:
+ Bc 1: M trang Web m mnh
yu thch v mun lu vo cng
+ Bc 2: Vo menu File, chn
lnh Save As...
+ Bc 3: Trong hp thoi Save
Web Page chn: (1) Th mc trn cng
mun lu trang Web (Save in:); (2) Tn
file mun lu, c th mc nh hoc g
tn file (File name); (3) Chn kiu file
mun lu (Save as Type) l "WebPage,
complete"; (4) Chn kiu m ho trang
Web (Encoding),
+ Bc 4: Nhn nt Save
* Ghi ch : Mt s trang Web c th khng cho php Save as
(12) Sao chp cc on vn bn trn Web vo trang vn bn:
+ Bc 1: M trang Web c ni dung cn sao chp
41
+ Bc 2: Bi en vn bn mun sao chp, (thao tc ny tng t nh trn cc chng trnh

son tho vn bn thng thng)
+ Bc 3: Chn mc Edit --> chn Copy hay dng t hp phm CTRL + C hoc cng c
Copy,
+ Bc 4: M v di chuyn con tr n v tr trang vn bn cn sao chp (V d : Winword
hoc Wordpad)
+ Bc 5: Vo mc Edit --> chn Paste hay dng t hp phm CTRL+V hoc cng c
Paste.
(13) Sao chp cc hnh nh trn WEB vo trang vn bn:
+ Bc 1: M trang WEB c hnh nh cn sao chp,
+ Bc 2: Kch phm chut phi vo hnh nh mun sao chp ( chn hnh nh),
+ Bc 3: Thc hin lnh COPY (nh mc sao chp on vn bn),
+ Bc 4: M v di chuyn con tr n v tr trang vn bn cn sao chp,
+ Bc 5: Thc hin lnh Paste (nh mc Paste on vn bn)
2.2. KT NI INTERNET
Hin nay c rt nhiu cch kt ni n Internet khc nhau, C hai cch c s dng ph
bin l:
- Kt ni Internet thng qua mng cc b (LAN),
- Kt ni Internet qua ng in thoi thng (hoc ADSL).
2.2.1. Kt ni thng qua mng cc b
y l kiu kt ni thng c s dng trong cc c quan, t chc c mng LAN v
ng kt ni ring n nh cung cp dch v Internet (ISP Internet Service Provider). s
dng kiu kt ni ny i hi ngi s dng phi c c cc thng tin sau:
- Card mng v ng kt ni n my ch Proxy,
- a ch IP my ch Proxy,
(1) Thit lp kt ni:
thit lp kt ni Internet qua mng LAN, ngi s dng c th thc hin theo cc bc
sau :
- Khi ng trnh duyt Internet
Explorer.
Sau khi ca s Internet Explorer
hin ln, chn Tools -> Internet
Options (hnh v di). Sau ca s
Internet Options hin ra.
42
Xc lp cc
thng s cho my
tnh truy cp mng
Trong ca s Internet Options, chn trang Connections (hnh v) v sau khi nhp chut vo
nt "LAN Settings" ca s Local Area Network Setting hin ra nh sau:
a ch IP
my ch
Proxy
Cng
phc v
Trong ca s Local Area Network Settings kch chn Use a proxy server trnh
duyt Internet Explorer chn kt ni Internet qua Proxy Server. Tip theo in a ch IP v tham
s cng vo hai tng ng l Address v Port. c hai thng s ny, cn lin h vi ngi
qun tr mng LAN cung cp. Sau khi in y hai thng s, chn nt OK kt thc qu trnh
thit lp.
2.2.1. Kt ni thng qua ng in thoi
thit lp kt ni qua ng in thoi, ngi dng cn thc hin ln lt 3 thao tc sau:
Ci t modem
43
Ci t Dialup Adapter v TCP/IP

To kt ni mng
2.2.2.1. Ci t modem
(1) Vi h iu hnh Windows 98:
ci t Modem mi vi h iu hnh Windows 98, cc bc tin hnh tun t nh sau :
- Kch p vo biu tng My Computer trn mn hnh, sau kch p vo biu tng
Control Panel. Trong ca s Control Panel kch vo biu tng Modem tin hnh ci t.
- Ca s Install new modem xut hin nh di y:
- Kch chn Next nu mun my tnh t tm modem. Mn hnh my tnh s hin ra ca s

tm kim modem.
44
- Khi my tnh tm thy modem s xut hin ca s modem standard.
- ch mc nh my s tm kim c modem v cng ca n. Nu modem l loi

Plug&Play, my tnh s t nhn ra kiu modem, nu khng my tnh s nhn l modem
standard.
45
- C th thay i kiu modem cho ng chng loi bng cch kch vo Change. Ca s
mn hnh chn loi modem s hin th. Kch Have disk v kch Browse chn ng dn vo
th mc c cha chng trnh iu khin modem (driver modem) v kch nt OK. Trng hp
khng mun thay i kiu modem, hy chn vo loi modem tng ng vi modem cn ci t.
Kch nt Finish, ca s modem properties s hin th nh sau.

ci t Modem mi vi h iu hnh Windows 2000, cc bc tin hnh tun t
nh sau :
- Chn nt Start --> Setting --> Control panel hoc c th kch p vo biu tng My
Computer trn mn hnh v chn vo Control Panel.
- T ca s Control Panel, kch p vo biu tng Phone and Modem Option

46
- Trong ca s Phone and Modem Options, chn trang (tab) Modems
- Kch nt Add ci t modem mi, ca s mn hnh ci t Add/Remove Hardware

Wizardmodem s hin th nh di y.
47
- Trong ca s Add/Remove Hardware Wizard bm nt Next nu mun my tnh t pht

hin modem. Mn hnh s xut hin ca s thng bo trng thi m my tnh ang kim tra nh
di y.
- ch mc nh, my tnh s tm thy modem tng ng vi cng ca n. Vi cc

Modem PnP (Plug and Play), my tnh s t nhn ra kiu modem. Vi nhng modem khng PnP
th my tnh t nhn l Standard Modem. Trong c hai trng hp, chng ta nn thay i kiu v
chng loi modem ng loi vi modem ang ci t bng cch bm vo nt Change. Ca s ci
t modem s xut hin nh sau:
- Bm chut vo nt Have Disk, kch chut vo nt Browse chn ng dn n th

mc cha chng trnh iu khin modem v nhn nt OK.
48
- Bm nt OK v Finish. Lc ny xut hin ca s Modem Properties vi tn modem va

ci t.
(3) Vi h iu hnh Windows XP:

ci t Modem mi vi h iu hnh Windows XP, cc bc tin hnh tun t
nh sau :
- Kch vo nt Start (thng di gc phi ca mn hnh) --> Chn My Computer.
- Chn View system information bn tri mn hnh
49
- Trong ca s System Properties chn Hardware --> Chn chc nng Add hardware
wizard ci t thm modem
- Ca s Add Hardware Wizard hin ra. Chn Next.

- H iu hnh Windows s t tm kim ra modem ang c trong my. Kch vo la chn
Install from a list or specific location (Advanced) --> Chn Next.
50
- Kch vo nt Browse chn th mc c cha driver ca modem --> Chn Next.
- Windows s copy cc file driver ca modem vo my tnh. i n khi copy xong th

chn Next.
51
- Chn Finish kt thc qu trnh ci t modem.
2.2.2.2. Ci t Dial-up Adapter

V Windows 2000 v Windows XP cc phn ny c thit lp sn trong cc dch v
nn ta ch yu ch xt v hai h iu hnh Windows 98 v Windows Me.
- Bm p chut vo: My Computer trn mn hnh. Khi ca s xut hin chn Control
Panel v chn mc Network (hnh di).
- Khi khung ca s Network hin ra (hnh di) c th nhn thy cc thng s ch yu

truy cp Internet l Dial-Up Adapter v giao thc TCP/IP. Nu khng c nhng thng s
thm vo, kch vo nt Add.
52
- Khi ca s Adapter xut hin, kch chn vo Adapter v kch Add.
- Tm vo phn Manufacturers bn khung tri v chn Microsoft

- Chn: Dial-Up Adapter trong danh sch Network Adapter bn khung phi
- Bm chut vo nt: OK
- Mn hnh s quay tr li phn Network Properties. Nu cha thy c giao thc TCP/IP
c ci t, bm chut vo nt Add thc hin ci t.
53
- Khung ca s Network Components Type xut hin. Chn Protocol v bm chut vo

nt Add.
- Khi ca s Network Protocol xut hin, chn dng Microsoft trong danh sch
Manufacturers khung bn tri mn hnh v chn TCP/IP trong danh sch Network Protocols
khung phi ri kch chut vo nt OK.
54
- Khi s thy TCP/IP c b sung vo danh sch Network.
Sau khi hon thnh tt c cc bc trn chn nt OK hon thnh phn ci t Dialup Network Adapter
(2) Vi h iu hnh Windows ME:
Thc hin vic ci t Dial-up Network Adapter trong Windows ME theo cc bc sau:
- Kch thc n Start, chn Setting -> Control Panel
- Kch vo mc Add/Remove Programs trong ca s Control Panel.
55
- Kch chn tab Windows Setup, kch chn Communications
- Kch vo nt Detail, nu thy mc Dial-Up Networking nh du chn th nhn OK 2

ln. nu cha chn th nh du vo tu chn Dial-Up Networking v nhn OK hai ln.
56
- Cui cng chn OK kt thc ci t Dial-Up Networking
2.2.2.3. To kt ni mng
- T mn hnh ca Windows, chn: MyComputer/Dial-Up Networking hoc
Start/Programs/Accessories/Dial-Up Networking
- Chn Make New Connection, t tn cho kt ni (v d internet) v chn ng loi
modem ci t
- Chn Next, tip tc xc lp cc tham s: Area code=04 (M vng), telephone

number=1260 (S in thoi do ISP (VDC) cung cp), Country code= Vietnam (84)
Chn Next, sau chn Finish kt thc qu trnh to kt ni mi.
Ci t cc thng s cho kt ni
57
Trong ca s Dial-Up Networking, click chut phi kt ni va to (internet), chn

Properties (chn File/Properties) t cc tham s cho kt ni mng.
Sau click vo Server Types v du tch cc la chn Enable software
compression v TCP/IP
Sau click voTCP/IP Setting... kim tra xem la chn ng nh hnh di
58
Vi h iu hnh Windows 2000:

Chn Start > Setting > Control Panel.
Chn Network and Dial-up Connections v la chn Make New Connection trong
ca s mi m ra.
59
Trn ca s Network Connection Wizard, chn Next bt u vic to mt kt

ni mi.
Tip theo, chn mt kiu kt ni mun to, ri nhn nt Next.
bc ny, nhp vo s in thoi hoc mng mun kt ni ti, nhn nt Next.
60
Sau , la chn c chia s kt ni ny vi nhng ngi dng khc trn cng my tnh
hay khng, ri nhn nt Next.
- Ti bc ny, t tn cho kt ni va to, v nhn nt Finish kt thc qu trnh.
- Ngay lc ny bn s thy xut hin mt biu tng nt bm nhanh v mt hp thoi kt

ni trn mn hnh nn Desktop. Nu mun kt ni, ch cn nhn vo nt Dial trn hp thoi, v
nu khng th ch cn nhn vo nt Cancel ng hp thoi trn li.
61
2.3.
TM KIM THNG TIN TRN INTERNET
2.3.1. Tm kim theo cc trang lin kt

Cc trang WEB cung cp a ch lin kt
1. http://www.vnn.vn/utils/weblink.html
2. http://www.angiangservice.com.vn/misc/lienket.html
3. http://teltic.vnn.vn/lienket/lienket.htm
4. http://www.saigonnet.vn/website/index.htm
Cch s dng:
G mt a ch cho trn vo a ch ca trnh duyt WEB. V d cho a ch
http://www.vnn.vn/vnn_news/listweb.html, trang Web cha a ch lin kt xut hin :
Trn trang Web, cc a ch c sp xp theo cc ch gip ngi s dng d dng chn
la cc a ch. Sau khi chn c a ch, ngi s dng ch cn bm chn a ch m trang
Web.
2.3.1. Tm kim theo cu iu kin
Vic tm kim thng tin bt k trn Internet l nhu cu khng th thiu i vi kho tng
thng tin v cng rng ln ca Internet. Do tnh cht phn cp ni dung ca cc trang Web nn
ngi s dng khng th nhn thy ht cc ni dung theo cch thc lin kt trang nh nu trn.
Phng php tm kim a ch trang Web theo cu iu kin l gii php tt cho vic tm
kim thng tin trn Internet.
(1) Cch s dng:
G mt trong nhng a ch c tin ch tm kim thng tin min ph vo a ch ca trnh
duyt Web
62
V d:
tm kim cc trang WEB, chng ta cn cung cp cu iu kin. Cu iu kin c th l
mt t hoc mt cm t c trng nht th hin ch thng tin m chng ta mun tm kim.
Chng ta nn nhp cu iu kin mt cch chnh xc v khng nn s dng nhng t c ni dung
chung chung nh : my tnh, mua hng,.. v nh th kt qu tm kim l v s a ch trang WEB
lm chng ta kh chn c ngay a ch lin kt n ni dung cn thit.
Kt qu tm kim xut hin dng trang Web nhng c bit l trang Web ny cha nhng
dng a ch lin kt n nhng trang Web khc c cha cc t tm kim. Ngi s dng ch cn
nhp chut vo a ch lin kt m trang Web v c thng tin.
(2) Cc bc thc hin:
+ Bc 1: G cu iu kin vo tm kim. V d: nm linh chi
+ Bc 2: kch chn nt Search bt u tm kim.
+ Bc 3: nhp chut vo mt dng a ch lin kt m trang Web c ni dung ni v
nm linh chi.
(3) Cc a ch trang Web tm kim Vit Nam:
SEARCH.NETNAM.VN
WWW.VINASEEK.COM
(4) Cc a ch trang Web tm kim ph bin trn th gii;
WWW.GOOGLE.COM
WWW.YAHOO.COM
WWW.ALTAVISTA.COM
2.3.1. a ch SEARCH.NETNAM.VN vi chc nng tm kim thng tin
B cng c tm kim NetNam Search Engine c Vin Cng ngh thng tin (Vit Nam)
nghin cu v pht trin t nm 1996, h thng NetNam Search Engine v1.0 c a vo phc
v t cui nm 2000 c rt nhiu ngi s dng mng quan tm. NetNam SE c nng cp
ln phin bn v2.0 vo 05/9/2001 v c tip tc nng cp ln phin bn v3.0 beta vo
07/11/2001. Sau gn 2 thng th nghim, phin bn v3.0 c chnh thc gii thiu vo ngy
1/1/2002.
H thng hin ti c ng dng hu ht nhng cng ngh mi nht trong tm kim thng
tin tng t Google search engine v cc cng ngh c th ring dnh cho Vit Nam.
s dng cng c NetNam Search Engine, nhp a ch trn mng nh sau: HTTP://
SEARCH.NETNAM.VN vo a ch ca trnh duyt m trang ch nh hnh di y:
63
Nhp cu iu kin
vo tm kim
Chn ch tm
kim nng cao
Chn chun
ting Vit
M phn hng dn
s dng tin ch tm
kim
Cch s dng:
1. G cu iu kin tm kim gm mt t hoc mt cm t vo tm kim
2. Nhp chut vo nt SEARCH hoc n gin g phm ENTER bt u qu trnh
tm kim
2.3.2.1. Chn chun ting Vit

Trn trang Web, ngi s dng c th chn chun ting Vit l TCVN, UNICODE hay
VNI. Chun c chn cho b tm kim phi ph hp vi chun c chn s dng trn b g (v
d nu chn chun TCVN trn b tm kim th trn b g Vietkey2000 ang s dng cng phi
t chun TCVN3). Nu ngi s dng chn ng th ch ting Vit c th hin ng trong
tm kim.
chn chun
ting Vit
2.3.2.2. S dng bng tr gip

Bm chn mc Tr gip trn trang Web ch, trang Web hng dn xut hin.
64
Mt khi nim
1. Th no l mt t?
Mt t l s kt hp cc ch ci hoc cc s vi nhau trong khng bao gm cc khong
trng. Chng trnh tm kim phn bit cc t theo k t khong trng (to bng phm SpaceBar)
hoc k t cch (to bng phm Tab). V d to cu iu kin c ba t tm kim hi nhp AFTA
nh hnh di y:
2. Th no l mt cm t?
Cc t c ni vi nhau thnh mt cm t khi chng c t trong cp du ngoc kp (v
d to cm t "hi nhp AFTA"), hay s dng du gch ngang (v d to cm t hi-nhpAFTA), hay s dng du gch cho (v d to cm t 20/11/2000), hay s dng mt s k hiu
c bit khc. Cm t m bo rng my tm kim s tm chnh xc theo cu c nhp (ng v
tr, th t, khng c t chen gia...), ch khng phi l tm ring tng t mt.
3. Khong trng trong cu iu kin
Trong cu iu kin c nhp, s k t trng gia cc t khng lm thay i kt qu tm
kim.
4. Ch thng v ch hoa
Khi g vo tm kim mt cu iu kin bng ch thng th h thng tm kim ca
Netnam s tm ra s trang ti liu c cha cc t tm kim di dng c ch thng ln ch hoa.
65
5. Cch thc sp xp cc a ch lin kt trong trang Web kt qu

Ngi s dng ln u tin s dng h thng tm kim c cm gic lo ngi khi kt qu tm
kim l trang Web cha qu nhiu a ch lin kt. Vy thng tin v cch sp xp kt qu l iu
cn thit gip cho ngi s dng nng cao k nng s dng.
H thng tm kim ca Netnam sp xp kt qu tm kim theo tiu ch sau:
- Cc t hoc cc cm t xut hin ngay trong vi dng u tin ca ti liu (v d ngay
trong tiu ca mt trang Web).
- Thng thng ti liu no p ng phn ln cc t hoc cm t cn tm s ng v tr
cao hn. Chng hn, g vo tm kim 3 t, ti liu no ch p ng c 2 trong s 3 t s
ng sau v tr ti liu c cha c 3 t, v ti liu no cha s t xut hin nhiu ln hn li
ng cao hn.
2.3.2.3. S dng cng c tm kim nng cao

Tm kim nng cao cng hot ng ging nh tm kim thng thng nhng c h tr
ngi s dng b sung iu kin tm kim theo cch thc chn la trn danh mc nh ca s
di y:
2.3.1. a ch WWW.GOOGLE.COM vi chc nng tm kim thng tin

Google c bit n nh l mt trong nhng cng c tm kim ni ting nht trn Internet.
Kh nng tra cu vi mc chnh xc cao khin cho Google tr nn quen thuc vi ngi
s dng.
66
s dng Google, g a ch HTTP:// WWW.GOOGLE.COM vo a ch ca trnh

duyt Web xut hin giao din trang ch nh hnh di:
(7)
(6)
(5)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Mc (1): tm kim, ni cho php nhp cu iu kin,

Mc (2): nt khi ng vic tm kim ,
Mc (3): nt khi ng vic tm kim v m ngay a ch Web u tin trong danh sch cc
a ch Web tm thy,
Mc (4): chc nng h tr cho vic chn ngn ng ca trang Web tm kim, quc gia xut
bn trang Web,...
Mc (5): to giao din ring cho ngi dng, trong c h tr chn trang giao din
ting Vit,
Mc (6): chc nng tm kim nng cao,
Mc (7): chn la tm kim theo trang Web, nh s, cc nhm tho lun hay theo ch .
2.3.2.1. To giao din ring

Nu ln u tin s dng trang tm kim ca GOOGLE, hy chn mc PREFERENCES
t giao din ring. Ch cn chn cc mc nh hnh v di v nhp chn nt "Save Preferences"
lu cc chn la.
67
Sau khi to c giao din, ngi s dng c c giao din ting Vit d s dng nh
hnh di
68
2.3.2.2. C php tm kim nng cao

S dng cch thc ghp thm ton t du cng (+) vo mt t s cho kt qu l t phi
xut hin trong kt qu tm kim:
Hy so snh kt qu tm kim khi g cc cu iu kin:
vietnam vi vietnam +culture (lu du cng i lin vi t culture)
Ghp thm ton t du tr (-) vo trc mt t s cho kt qu l t cm khng c xut
hin trong kt qu tm kim
HoChiMinh vi HoChiMinh -city (lu du tr i lin vi t city)
Dng du ngoc kp trc v sau cm t cn tm tm cc trang Web c cha cc t
theo ng th t g vo.
vietnamese culture vi vietnamese culture
2.3.2.3. S dng chc nng tm kim nng cao

Chn mc Advanced Search trong trang ch s dng trang tm kim nng cao nh hnh
v di y
Vi trang Tm Kim Tin B, ngi dng d dng thu hp phm vi tm kim lm cho b
tm kim cho kt qu nhanh v ng vi mong mun ca ngi dng hn. S dng mc Ngy
Thng, ngi dng c th t iu kin nhng trang Web kt qu ch l nhng trang mi xut
bn trong 6 thng gn y.
69
2.3.2.4. Kt hp gia tm kim theo cu iu kin v theo ch

Nh trnh by trong phn tng quan tm kim, ngi s dng c th tm kim mt ni
dung no theo cy th mc ca b tm kim. Nu ngi dng mun tm kim cc phn mm
GAMES min ph th vic n gin v nhanh nht l tm n ch
Computer>Software>Freeware>Games.
Cch thc hin:
Trn trang
ch nhp
chut vo
mc ch
Chn ch mun ly ni dung cho n khi thy a ch trang Web lin kt xut hin
phn WEB page
Nhp chut vo y
m trang Web c ni dung cn
70
Ngi s dng c th kt hp gia tm kim theo cu iu kin v theo ch . u tin, g

cu iu kin vo tm kim hin th trang Web kt qu. Trong trang Web kt qu, chn ch
c ghi km theo. Hy xem trang minh ho sau y :
Nhp chut vo lin kt ch Computer>Software>Freeware>Games m trang ch .
C th chn thm ch con. V d chn mc Sports c nhng tr chi th thao nh

bng, ua nga,...Cui cng m trang Web ly ni dung.
2.3.2.5. Tm ni trong kt qu tm kim c

B tm kim GOOGLE cung cp chc nng cho php tm ni tip trn kt qu c. Chc
nng ny cho php ngi dng khng cn nhp cu iu kin qu di ngay t ban u. V d minh
ho:
Bm chn tm
Nhp thm cu iu kin vo
71
2.4. DCH V TH IN T
Dch v th in t l mt dch v ang c s dng rt rng ri trn th gii, do tnh hiu
qu, thc t v d dng cho ngi s dng. Ngi s dng ng k hp th trc tip trn Website,
tt c cc tc v lin quan n th nh c, son tho v gi u c thc hin trn trnh duyt
Web. Th c lu v qun l trn my ch (Server) ca nh cung cp dch v Webmail.
Dng Webmail c nhiu u im, l:
Min ph: Gn nh tt c cc dch v Webmail u min ph.
C kh nng truy cp bt c ni no: Khi ngi s dng c th truy nhp Internet v
c trnh duyt Web l c kh nng s dng hp th Webmail.
S dng n gin: Khng cn phi ci t cc thng s khi s dng. Chng trnh email
c trnh by sn do nh cung cp Webmail thit k, thng nht trn mi my tnh v mi h
iu hnh.
Tuy nhin, cng nn bit nhng nhc im ca Webmail:
Khng c h tr t nh cung cp. Nu hp th gp trc trc nh khng truy cp c,
khng gi th c,.. Ngc li, nu ng k mt a ch Email vi mt nh cung cp v tr mt
chi ph nht nh hng thng, ngi s dng s c h tr nhng vng mc ny.
Kch thc hp th b hn ch. Kch thc hp th thng thng ch l vi MB ti vi
chc MB v tng dung lng file nh km theo th mi ln gi thng l nh (<5MB).
Tnh ring t v bo mt. V th c lu trn my ch ca nh cung cp nn vn bo
mt hon ton ph thuc vo nh cung cp. Ngoi ra, khi truy cp th t cc im Internet cng
cng, c th th s lu trong cache my tnh, v th trong trng hp ny tt nht nn lu xa
cache trc khi ri khi my.
Tc nhn v gi th: V Webmail thc hin trn trnh duyt Web nn tc s chm v
c th phi ti xung c nhng on qung co. Hoc khi truy nhp vo Website, ngi s dng
s b hin tng nghn mng do c qu nhiu ngi truy cp vo Website cng mt lc.
Sau y, chng ta s thc hnh vic to v s dng cc chng trnh th in t thng dng.
2.4.2. S dng chng trnh th in t ti a ch Vol.vnn.vn
2.4.2.1. Cch ng k mt ngi dng mi

- Bc 1: m trnh duyt Internet Explorer v g vo dng a ch sau: http://vol.vnn.vn
- Bc 2: lm nh ch dn dnh cho ngi cha ng k s dng
72
- Bc 3 : sau khi chn mc ng k, mn hnh mi xut hin cho php ng k s dng.

Ngi s dng cn in y cc thng tin vo cc dng nh trong ca s hng dn.
Ch : (1) Nn tt ch g Ting Vit trong khi g tn truy nhp v mt khu

(2) Cn in y nhng thng tin cn thit vo nhng c du (*).
- Bc 4: sau khi hon thnh vic in cc thng tin vo cc trng, nhn nt Tip
tc cui mn hnh.
- Bc 5: hon tt vic ng k, hy kch chut vo nt Tip tc cui mn hnh.

Ngi s dng s nhn c thng bo v vic s dng hp th ng k.
73
2.4.2.2. Cch m hp th
- Bc 1: Sau 24 gi, k t khi ng k thnh cng mt ngi s dng, ta c th s dng
m hp th ng k ny. C hai cch m ca s chng trnh nhn th v gi th nh sau:
+ Cch 1: dng a ch http:// www.vnn.vn m trang ch, sau nhp tn ng k v mt
khu vo phn CHECK MAIL nh hnh di y. Nhn nt Xem th tip tc.
+ Cch 2: s dng a ch http://vol.vnn.vn vo ca s nhn v gi th.
- Bc 2: Nhp ng tn v mt khu, hp th c m nh hnh sau:
74
2.4.2.3. Cch c v tr li th
- Bc 1: Kch vo nt Hp th pha tri mn hnh. Cc th mi nhn c trong hp th
lun c sp xp theo th t.
- Bc 2: Chn mt th c.
Kch chut vo tiu

th m th
- Bc 3: tr li ngi gi th, kch chut vo nt Tr li th
75
2.4.2.4. Son th v chn tp gn km

- Bc 1: Nhn chut vo nt Son th pha bn tri mn hnh.
- Bc 2: Mt ca s s hin ra cho php ngi dng nhp cc thng tin v a ch ca
ngi nhn, ch ca bc th, nhng ngi c gi km v phn mn hnh trng rng pha
di dng cho vic son th.
Ngi c ng gi b mt: Khi g a ch ca mt ngi ng nhn vo dng ng

nhn *, a ch ca ngi nhn ny khng xut hin trong bc th khi nhn c. Nhng ngi
nhn khc s khng thy c ngi c ng gi theo kiu ny.
- Bc 3: Sau khi son xong ni dung bc th, nu mun gn km tp vo bc th
gi i th lm nh sau:
Phn cui ca trang c mt phn cho php chn cc tp gi km nh hnh di:
Mn hnh cho php chn tp gn km

- Chn tp gn km t trong a trn my bng cch kch chn nt Browse... v la chn
tp gn km km t danh sch cc tp c m.
76
- Sau khi la chn tp gn km, tn tp s xut hin trong hp nh hnh sau
- Sau khi son xong ni dung bc th, kch vo nt Gi th pha trn, hoc pha di mn
hnh gi bc th.
- Bc 4: Mt mn hnh thng bo vic gi bc th thnh cng
Nu mun tip tc, nhn nt tr li hp th
2.4.2.5. Cch lu mt th ang son

Khi son mt th nhng cha mun gi i, c th lu th li ln sau son tip v gi.
- Nhn chut vo nt Lu th ang son, th s c ghi li.
N t l u th ang son
77
2.4.2.6. Lu a ch vo s a ch
Khi c nhiu a ch th ca nhiu ngi gi ti, vic nh chng s gp kh khn. C th
dng s a ch lu li. Cc thao tc nh sau:
Kch chn vo dng a ch pha tri mn hnh. Mt ca s s m ra nh hnh di y
c th nhp a ch bng tay.
Bm vo y
thm a ch
vo s a ch
Cch khc nhp a ch t ng t cc th gi n nh sau:

- Bc 1: M bc th gi n. Chn mc Thm vo s a ch
Bm vo y
thm a ch
- Bc 2: Bm chn nt Lu thng tin
78
2.4.2.7. Cch s dng s a ch cho vic son th gi
Bm chn mc chn
a ch t s a ch
- Bc 1: Kch vo nt Son th.

- Bc 2: Kch chut vo mc chn a ch t S a ch.
Mt ca s mi hin th cho php kch chn vo tn ngi cn gi th. Tn ny t ng
chn vo dng Gi ti trn bc th.
Chn vo mc To
hay Cc (hay Bcc),
sau bm phm
chp nhn
2.4.3. S dng chng trnh th in t ti a ch MAIL.YAHOO.COM

Nhp a ch HTTP://MAIL.YAHOO.COM m trang WEB c dch v th in t
min ph.
Nu c ti khon s dng, hy nhp tn v mt khu vo cc hp chuyn ti giao
din gi v nhn th.
79
Nhp tn ng
k vo y
Nhp mt khu
vo y
Nu bn l ngi ln u tin s dng dch v ny hoc mun to cho mnh mt a ch th

mi, hy thc hin theo phn ng k tn s dng di y.
2.4.2.8. ng k tn s dng dch v Email min ph trn trang YAHOO.COM
Kch chn vo
y ng k
tn s dng
80
Chn mc ny
ng k s dng dch
v th min ph .
Trn mn hnh s xut hin trang khai bo
Hng dn in thng tin vo hp thoi:

- Ti hp Yahoo! ID: in tn ng k (v d: tran_thanh_hieu, sau ny s c a ch th
nh sau: tran_thanh_hieu@yahoo.com)
- Hp PASSWORD v RE-TYPE PASSWORD: yu cu nhp mt khu. m bo b
mt nn g t nht l 8 k t gm s hoc ch ci.
- Chn mt cu hi cho hp SECURITY QUESTION bng cch nhn vo nt mi tn bn
phi ca hp (v d, chn cu n gin nh What was the name of your first school?).
- Trong phn YOUR ANSWER c th g : HANOI
- Chn ngy sinh cho hp BIRTHDAY (v d chn July) sau g vo thng v nm
- C th b qua phn hi CURRENT EMAIL (v c thng bo tu chn (Optional)).
81
- Ti hp FIRST NAME ghi r H v tn (v d Tran) v LAST NAME (v d Thanh

Hieu)
- Ti hp LANGUAGE&CONTENT gi nguyn mc c l English - United States.
- Ti hp ZIP/POSTAL CODE (m s bu in) hy g vo s 84093 - mt m s bu
in ca M.
- Ti hp GENDER (gii tnh): chn Male (nam) hay Female (n).
- Ti hp OCCUPATION v INDUSTRY: chn ngh nghip v lnh vc cng tc. Nu b
qua mc ny s gp trang thng bo li tip theo
G ch xut hin ti
v tr ny vo hp
(ni dung ca ch
thay i ngu nhin)
82
- G ch xut hin trong hnh ch nht (v d trn l ch enough) vo hp trng. Ni dung

ca ch xut hin l ngu nhin i vi mi ln ng k. Sau chn nt SUBMIT THIS
FORM ng k phn va khai bo.
Trang WEB cho mng vic ng k thnh cng nh hnh sau (nu khng b li trong phn
khai bo)
Bm chn nt CONTINUE TO YAHOO! MAIL hon tt vic ng k. Sau , giao

din chng trnh gi v nhn th xut hin.
Ch :
(1) Khng phi khi no cng c ngay khai bo ng nn phi tp lm quen vi vic sa li
vi cc thng bo bng ting Anh.
(2) Hy lm quen vi dng thng bo khi tn ng k khng hp l (do trng vi mt tn
c) nh hnh di y:
83
- Khi , cn chn mt tn trong danh sch nu (v d chn myemailvn2002) hoc g

mi mt tn khc trong phn Creat My Own, sau tip tc bm nt SUBMIT THIS FORM.
2.4.2.9. S dng cc chc nng c bn
Cc mc xut hin trn mn hnh cn quan tm gm:

- Check mail
: kim tra v hin th hp th
- Compose
: son th gi
- Folders
: cha mt s th mc nh Inbox, Draft, Sent, Trash,...
- Addresses
: tin ch cho php t chc lu gi a ch theo s
- Mail Options
: cha nhiu tin ch trong c chc nng cho php thay i mt khu
Mail Options c
cha mc thay
i mt khu
84
2.4.2.10. M hp th
C th nhn thy thng tin v s th mi c trong hp (cha c)
V d: Inbox (2) ngha l ang c 02 th cha c

Nhn chn mc Check mail hay mc Inbox m hp th
Trong ca s hin ni dung bc th, c th s dng cc chc nng Reply hoc Reply All
hoc Forward. Ngoi ra cn c th s dng chc nng ngn chn cc th khng mi m n, chc
nng ghi a ch ngi gi vo s a ch.
n nt ny
tr li th cho
ngi gi
n nt ny tr li
th cho tt c a ch
lin quan vi th n
n nt ny s
dng chc nng
chuyn tip th
Chn mc ny
ghi a ch
vo s a ch
85
2.4.2.11. Xo bt th
Bm chn mt hoc nhiu th mun xo, sau nhn nt DELETE.
Bm chn hp ny,
sau nhn nt
Delete xa th
Ch : c th chn nhiu th xo cng mt ln. C mc Check All gip chn tt c cc

th mt cch nhanh nht v sau ch cn chn nt Delete.
2.4.2.12. Son th
Nhn vo nt COMPOSE m ca s son th nh sau :
Chc nng nh
km tp
86
2.4.2.13. S dng s a ch
Chn chc nng

Addresses
Chng trnh th ca Yahoo c cch ghi nhn cc a ch th rt tin dng cho ngi s
dng. Chng ta lm quen vi cc khi nim sau:
- Contact Address: a ch ngi gi c ghi nhn vo s.
- Category Name: tn danh mc phn loi. Nu chng ta khng phn loi a ch ngi gi
th n theo danh mc th danh sch a ch ln n hng trm s gy cho vic chn a ch gi i
kh khn. Ngi s dng c kh nng to nhng tn danh mc mi theo mnh.
- Address List: cc a ch ngi gi c ghi nhn theo nhm v tn. Nhm s i din
cho tt c cc a ch trong nhm khi chng ta chn a ch gi th. Tin ch ny gip cho ngi
gi xc nh a ch gi th nhanh chng, chnh xc.
Chn chc nng

Addresses Options
to thm mc
mi
Addresses Options: chn mc ny to thm danh mc (Category) mi.
87
Tip tc chn mc
ny to tthc hin
cc chc nng vi
danh
mc
(C ategory )
Tip tc chn mc
ny to thm
Category mi
in tn Category
mi v chn mc
Add Category
88
Add to Address Book: thm a ch vo s: c hai cch ghi a ch ngi gi vo s

a ch :
n nt ny sau khi
ghi y thng
tin lin quan
Ngi s dng c th ghi a ch ngi gi vo s ngay sau khi c th.
Chn mc ny ghi
a ch ngi gi vo s
sau khi c th.
Insert Addresses: chn a ch- khi son th chng ta c th chn la a ch ghi trong
s, y l tin ch thun li cho ngi dng.
Khi son th hy nhn

mc ny ly a ch
c trong s.
89
Sau s thy ca s di y hin th cho php chn la cc a ch chn vo mc TO,

CC, BCC:
Move to Category: Di chuyn danh mc- c th tch cc a ch ang c theo tng danh
mc phn loi d dng tm kim khi cn.
Bc 1: chn vo
bn tri
Bc 2: chn
Category
Bc 3: cui cng
chn nt OK
Hin th theo Category: chng ta c th hin th theo Category, nh th trn mn hnh s

a ch s khng qu nhiu nn d dng la chn.
90
Ch cn chn Category trong chc nng VIEW c th hin trong hnh trn.
To danh sch a ch (LIST):
Bm chn nt Add
G tn cho LIST
Chn a ch
a vo LIST,
sau bm
chn nt Add
91
Sau khi to LIST, ngi gi th ch cn chn tn LIST th tt c a ch trong LIST s

c xut hin trn hp a ch ngi nhn.
2.4.2.14. S dng chc nng nh km tp

nh km tp l mt chc nng quan trng trong vic gi th in t. C th gi ti a 03
th v kch thc tng cng khng qu 1.5MB (thi im nm 2004) khi dng chc nng min
ph ny ca MAIL.YAHOO.COM.
Thc hin ng ba bc xc nh cc tp nh km nh hnh di
Sau khi thc hin thnh cng ba bc trn, ca s son th xut hin cng vi danh sch
cc tp nh km. Vic cui cng l nhn chn nt gi th.
2.5.
DCH V TI TP TIN
Mt s trang WEB c nhng thng tin min ph cho php sao chp tp tin ln my dng.
d minh ho, c th m phng vic s dng chc nng ny bng vic sao chp tp tin kim tra
VIRUS c cung cp min ph ti a ch: http://www.symantec.com. y l a ch Website ca
Symatec, hng chuyn cung cp cc bn cp nht dit Virus ca phn mm Norton Antivirus
thng dng cho cc h thng my tnh c nhn.
92
Danh sch lit k

cc loi cng c
dit Virus.
Ti y, chn mt lin kt trong phn Download la chn loi tp tin m ngi s dng
cn. V d, la chn Download Virus Removal Tool m danh sch cc cng c tm kim v
loi b Virus Sasser ly nhim vo cc tp tin trn my tnh.
Tip theo, khi tm c tn ca loi virus trong danh sch trn, nhp chut vo lin
kt tng ng m phn ni dung c lin quan.
93
Kch vo y
ti tp tin cn
thit
Sau , tm phn ni dung hng dn cch loi b virus ra khi my tnh c ni dung nh
hnh trn v nhp chut vo lin kt ti tp tin cn thit.
Ca s hin thng bo yu cu la chn thao tc tip theo. Chn Open nu mun trnh
duyt t ng ti tp tin v thc hin chy tp tin ngay khi ti v thnh cng. Nu chn Save th
trnh duyt s ti tp tin xung mt v tr c chn trn a cng. Chn Cancel nu khng
mun thc hin vic ti tp tin xung na.
Cc thao tc ti tp tin trn Internet t cc a ch khc cng thc hin tng t nh cc
bc hng dn trn.
2.6.
DCH V CHAT
Hin nay trn Internet c rt hai hnh thc Chat ph bin l: Web Chat v Instant Message
(IM). Web Chat l dch v thng c cung cp trn cc trang Web dng din n, c dng
cung cp cho cc thnh vin thng tin cn tho lun trc tuyn vi nhau khi cng ang c mt
trong din n. IM s dng kh ph bin, c cc nh cung cp ln nh Yahoo, MSN, AOL,
ICQ,... cung cp. s dng dch v ny, ngi dng cn ng k mt ti khon v s dng ti
khon chat vi cc thnh vin khc trong nhm. im khc gia IM vi Web Chat l khi
mun s dng IM trn mt my tnh no , ngi dng bt buc phi ci t phn mm Chat.
94
Giao
din
chng trnh
ca Yahoo
Messenger
Giao din
Web Chat
2.6.1. Hng dn s dng Yahoo Messenger

Yahoo Messenger l mt chng trnh Chat rt ph dng. s dng, ngi dng cn c
mt ti khon ca Yahoo. Nu c 1 a ch Email ca Yahoo th c th s dng ngay ti
khon dng dch v ny. Nu cha c, hy ng k mt ti khon theo cc bc hng
dn trong phn ng k tn s dng dch v Email min ph trn trang YAHOO.COM.
Tip theo, cn kim tra xem my tnh ci chng trnh Yahoo Messenger cha. Nu
cha c, vo a ch http://messenger.yahoo.com/downloadsuccess.php ti v chng trnh .
Khi khi ng chng trnh, cn nhp cc thng tin v ti khon vo trong hp thoi sau:
Nhp vo tn v
mt khu
ng k.
Khi ng nhp thnh cng, ca s Chat s xut hin vi giao din nh hnh di y.
95
2.6.1. Thm mt ngi bn hi thoi

thm tn mt ngi bn hi thoi vo trong danh sch, nhn vo nt Add
hin cc thao tc sau:
v thc
- Nhp tn ti khon hoc a ch Email ca ngi bn hi thoi mun thm vo danh sch.
Ch l ti khon ca ngi cng phi l ti khon ca Yahoo.
- Nhn nt Next. Trn ca s ny, la chn nhm cho ngi bn hi thoi mi. C th nhp
thm mt thng bo ti ngi bn hi thoi nu cn.
96
- Tip tc nhn nt Next. Lc ny ngi dng c th nhp thm mt s thng tin v ngi
bn hi thot bng cch nhn vo nt Add More Details.., hoc c th kt thc qu trnh bng
cch nhn vo nt Finish.
Nh vy thc hin xong thao tc thm mt ngi bn hi thoi vo danh sch.
97
2.6.1. Gi bn tin ti ngi bn hi thoi

gi bn tin, c th chn mt trong hai cch sau:
- Cch th nht: Chn tn ngi mun gi bn tin trong danh sch ca s chnh. Khi ,
mt ca s gi bn tin hin ra nh hnh di y:
trn thanh cng c lm xut hin ca s nh hnh di. C

- Cch th hai: Chn nt
th chn tn ngi mun gi bn tin trong danh sch ko xung v son bn tin trong nhp vn
bn bn di.
Nhp ni dung
tin nhn vo y
Sau khi nhp ni dung bn tin, c th nhn Enter trn bn phm, hoc nhn nt
bn tin.
98
gi
2.6.1. Chatroom
vo cc Chat room (phng hi thoi) c xy dng sn, nhn vo nt Join to
Chatroom
di y.
trn thanh cng c ca s chnh. Khi , mt ca s mi s m ra nh hnh
Trong ca s trn, cc Room c chia thnh nhiu loi chn. Ty s thch, yu cu, la
chn mt Room.
Nu khng mun cc Room c sn, c th chn nt Create New Room to ra mt
Room mi.
99
Cc thit t khi to mt room mi:

Room name: tn Room mi
Welcome Message: dng thng bo cho mng hin th trn Room.
Access: t ch truy nhp.
- Nu phn Public (chung- cng cng) c chn, Room s xut hin trong danh sch cc
Room v cho php tt c mi ngi c php truy nhp.
- Nu phn Private (ring t) c chn th Room s khng xut hin trong phn danh sch
cc room.
- Users can join the room only if I invite them: Ngi bn hi thoi ch c th truy nhp vo
room ny nu c li mi ca ngi to ra Room.
- Enable Voice Chat in room: Cho php dng Voice Chat trong Room.
2.6.1. Cc thao tc vi nhm bn hi thoi
chn cc lnh thao tc vi nhm, cn hin th cc lnh bng cch kch phi chut vo
phn danh sch ngi dng trong phn ca s chnh, mn hnh s xut hin thc n lnh nh
hnh di y:
Cc lnh gm c:
Send Instant Message to All in Group: Gi mt tin nhn ti tt c cc thnh vin nm
trong nhm.
Invite All in Group to Conference: Mi tt c cc thnh vin trong nhm tham gia hi
tho.
Add a Contact to Group: Thm mt thnh vin vo nhm hin ti.
Rename Group: i tn nhm.
Create New Group: To nhm mi.
Stealth Settings: Thit t trng thi.
Conference (din n, hi tho) l mt dch v trong Yahoo! Messenger. N cho php cc
thnh vin trong danh sch hin ti ca ngi dng c th tho lun vi nhau theo nhm v mt
ch c bit.
100
2.7. DIN N
Din n (Forum) tho lun cn cung cp cho cc thnh vin mt din n hon chnh vi
y cc tnh nng nh: thm ch , thm bi, ng bi, tm kim, ng nhp, qun tr, qun l
h s c nhn, chat,...
Giao din ca mt din n :
Menu chnh
Chat
ng nhp
2.7.1. ng k
Nu mt ngi dng mun tr thnh mt thnh vin ca din n tho lun no , trc
tin ngi dng phi thc hin cc th tc ng k (Register).
Nhn vo y tip tc
phn ng k.
Nhn vo y b
qua phn ng k.
101
- Ban u, ngi dng cn c cc quy nh (Regulations) tham gia din n. Mt s

din n c cc quy nh hn ch i tng tham gia. V d hnh di y m t quy nh tham
gia mt din n.
- Sau khi c cc quy nh tham gia din n, nu khng ng ngi dng c th khng
tip tc ng k. Nu ngi dng chn tip tc ng k th phn ni dung ca ca s tip theo s
hin ln nhng phn thng tin khai bo. V d v mn hnh khai bo ng k mt din n.
- Sau khi nhp y cc thng tin theo ch dn trn mn hnh, ngi dng nhn chut vo
nt Chp nhn ghi li. Trong mt s trng hp do vic khai bo ca ngi dng c li, mn
hnh xut hin thng bo yu cu ngi dng khai bo li.
- Nu phn thng tin ngi dng nhp vo y , ngi dng s nhn c phn thng tin
cho mng vic ng k thnh cng nh sau:
102
- Nh cung cp dch v thng gi E-mail yu cu ngi dng kch hot ti khon

ng k.
- Sau khi kch hot thnh cng, ngi dng c th s dng ti khon va ng k
ng nhp vo din n.
2.7.1. ng nhp
vo c din n nh mt thnh vin, ngi dng cn nhp vo ti khon ca mnh
ng k.
Nhp vo tn truy
nhp v mt khu
Lu li ti khon
t ng ng
nhp ln sau
- Mc nhp ti khon ng nhp ti trang chnh
Chn mc ny
khi qun mt
khu ng nhp
103
- Mc nhp ti khon ng nhp ti trang ng nhp
Nhp cc thng tin

ca thnh vin khi
ng k.
- Chc nng cp li Password khi thnh vin qun mt khu

2.7.1. ng, gi bi
Sau khi ng nhp vo din n thnh cng, ngi dng c th ng nhp vo c
nhng mc dnh ring cho thnh vin ca din n. V d, mn hnh s lit k di y cho bit
cc mc ca din n.
Khi la chn mt mc, mn hnh ca mc s lit k cc ch ca mc . V d

hnh cho bit trong mc Khoa hc cng ngh c cc ch c lit k t trn xung di
nh bn tri mn hnh.
104
- Khi ngi dng bm chn mt ch , giao din ch ca din n s xut hin. Thng
qua giao din ny, ngi dng c th thc hin cc chc nng ca mt thnh vin khi tham gia
din n. V d hnh di cho bit thnh vin c th thc hin xem (c) ni dung ch v 4
chc nng di y.
(1): Chc nng ng bi tr li c trch dn.
(2): Chc nng chnh sa bi vit.
(3): Chc nng xa bi vit.
(4): Chc nng xem a ch IP ca tc gi.
- Ngi dng c th kch vo nt New Topic ng mt ch mi trong mc hin

ti, hoc c th chn nt Post Reply ng bi tr li cho bi hin ti.
105
Sau khi nhp xong ch v ni dung ca bi vit, thnh vin c th chn nt Xem trc
xem li ni dung trc khi ng, hoc chn nt Chp nhn ng lun ni dung bi son.
Ti phn ny, thnh vin c th bit c nhng quyn mnh c cp c lit k ti phn
cui ca mi ch (hnh di).
Thnh vin cng c th chuyn nhanh n ch khc bng cch chn ch cn ti hp

lit k nh hnh trn v nhn nt Chuyn.
2.7.1. Tm kim
Ngi dng c th thc hin tm kim thng tin trong din n. Ngi dng tm kim thng
tin bng cch nhp t kha tm kim hoc tm kim theo thnh vin. Cc la chn gip ngi
dng c th ty bin c nhng la chn ca mnh nh: tm kim trong ton din n hoc trong
tng ch ring, tm bi ng theo mt tiu ch no (thi gian, s lng,..), chn cch hin
th kt qu tm c. V d v giao din tm kim trong din n cho hnh sau:
106

Nhp v chn cc iu
kin tm kim vo cc
tng ng
Nhn vo y bt u
thc hin tm kim
Sau khi nhn nt Tm kim, kt qu tm kim s c hin th trn mn hnh tr li. V d v

kt qu tm kim nh trng hp trn cho hnh di:
2.7.1. Danh sch thnh vin

Mc ny s cung cp nhng thng tin v tt c nhng thnh vin gia nhp din n nh:
tn truy nhp, a ch Email, ngy gia nhp, s bi ng trn din n,... Ngi dng c th
chn kiu sp xp d dng tm nhng thng tin cn thit.
Gi tin
nhn
Gi mail
cho thnh
vin
Website ca
thnh vin
107
Ti y, cc thnh vin c th gi bn tin hoc gi th thng qua a ch E-mail cho thnh

vin khc. Khng nhng th, cc thnh vin cn c th c th gii thiu v t cc lin kt v a
ch Website ca chnh h.
2.7.1. Hi p
y l ni a ra phn hng dn, gii thch nhng thc mc chung cho nhng ngi mi
s dng din n. Hnh di cho bit v d v ca s lit k phn hi p trong din n.
2.7.1. Bn tin
Cc thnh vin trong din n c th s dng chc nng ny thng bo ring. V d v
giao din bn tin cho hnh di.
Cc hp chc nng
Tin nhn
cha c
Tin nhn
xem
108
Son tin nhn mi
Cc hp chc nng gm c:
Inbox
: l hp cha cc bn tin nhn c.
Sentbox
: l hp cha cc bn tin gi i.
Outbox
: l hp cha cc bn tin cha gi c.
Savebox
: l hp cha cc bn tin c lu li.
son mt bn tin mi, ngi dng kch vo nt newpost m ra ca s son tho bn

tin. Trn ca s ny, ngi dng c th nhp vo tn cc thnh vin, ch v ni dung cho bn
tin trong cc hp vn bn tng ng. Khi son xong, ngi dng nhn chn nt Xem trc
xem li bn tin va son, hoc nhn nt Chp nhn gi bn tin i. V d giao din phn gi
bn tin trong din n cho hnh di
Khi bn tin c gi thnh cng, thnh vin s nhn c ca s thng bo nh sau:
109
ng thi h thng cng gi bn tin thng bo vo hp th ca thnh vin c gi bn tin

nh sau:
2.7.1. Gi th
Thnh vin trong din n c th s dng chc nng gi th cho cc thnh vin khc thng
qua cc nt Email ti cc bi ca thnh vin ng hoc ti phn Danh sch thnh vin.
Khi , ca s gi th s hin ra nh sau:
110
Sau khi nhp xong ni dung th, ngi dng nhn vo nt Gi mail cho thnh vin. Nu
ngi dng nhp thng tin ti tt c cc phn, ngi dng s nhn c thng bo th
c gi i.
Trong hp th ca ngi gi s nhn c th do thnh vin gi th gi ti.
2.7.1. Thng tin c nhn

Thnh vin khi ng nhp c th chn mc ny xem v thay i cc thng tin ca
chnh bn thn nh thay i password, thay i a ch E-mail nhn th, v nhiu thng tin khc.
111
2.7.1. Chat
y l mt chc nng ci t dnh ring cho cc thnh vin ca din n. vo phn ny,
ngi dng phi ng nhp v chn phn lin kt nh hnh di.
Hp nhn bn tin c giao din thn thin, d dng, c h tr cc biu tng emoticon v g
c ting Vit. y thc s l mt tin ch hp dn vi cc thnh vin ca din n khi cc
thnh vin ny mun cng tho lun v mt ch cn c s tho lun v ng gp kin nhanh
chng ca cc thnh vin ang c mt. Thanh tc v v cc ca s tng ng ca hp nhn bn
tin nh sau :
Hp nhp bn tin
112
Trn thanh tc v c cc la chn sau:
Color: Cho php thnh vin chn li mu bn tin, mc nh mu bn tin l mu en.
Smilies: Thnh vin c th s dng cc hnh nh th hin trng thi cm xc ca

ngi Chat.
Clear: lnh xa mn hnh Chat
Kick: l tnh nng dnh ring cho ngi qun tr.
Khi ng ca s Chatbox hoc nhn vo nt Exit thnh vin s nhn c hp thoi thng
bo vic kt thc hi thoi nh sau:
113
TM TT NI DUNG CHNG 2
Trong chng ny, cn ghi nh cc kin thc v:

Dch v World Wide Web (WWW), cc trnh duyt Web thng dng v cch s dng
(bao gm Internet Explorer, Nescape Navigator)
Cc bc kt ni Internet thng qua mng LAN v modem
Dch v tm kim thng tin, cc phng php tm kim. Cc a ch tm kim thng

dng, cch s dng cc t kha.
Dch v th in t (e-mail). Cch ng k, son th, gi th, tr li ... Cc la chn
nng cao.
Dch v ti tp tin t Internet.
Dch v chat, s dng Instant Messenger, chatroom ...
S dng din n trao i thng tin.
114
CU HI V BI TP
Cu 1:
WWW l vit tt ca?
World Wide Wed
World Wide Web
World Wild Wed
Word Wide Web
Cu 2:
Trang Web l?
L trang vn bn thng thng.
L trang vn bn cha cc lin kt c s d liu bn trong n.
L trang siu vn bn phi hp gia vn bn thng thng vi hnh nh, m thanh,

video v c cc mi lin kt n cc trang siu vn bn khc.
L trang vn bn cha vn bn, hnh nh.
Cu 3:
Chng trnh thng c s dng xem cc trang Web c gi l?
Trnh duyt Web
B duyt Web
Chng trnh xem Web
Phn mm xem Web
Cu 4:
xem mt trang Web, ta g a ch ca trang vo:
Thanh cng c chun ca trnh duyt
Thanh lin kt ca trnh duyt
Thanh a ch ca trnh duyt
Thanh trng thi ca trnh duyt
Cu 5:
Nt Back trn cc trnh duyt Web dng ?
Quay tr li trang Web trc
Quay tr li ca s trc
115
Quay tr li mn hnh trc
i n trang Web tip theo
Cu 6:
Nt Forward trn cc trnh duyt Web dng ?
i n ca s trc
i n mn hnh trc
Quay li trang Web trc
Cu 7:
Nt Home trn cc trnh duyt Web dng ?
Tr v trang nh ca bn
Tr v trang ch ca Website hin ti
i n trang ch ca Windows
Tr v trang khng c ni dung
Cu 8:
Mun lu cc a ch yu thch (Favorites), s dng chc nng:
Add Link
Add Favorite
Add to Favorite
Ogranize Favorite
Cu 9:
Mun xem 1 trang Web offline c lu trn my cc b th:
Chn biu tng Connection > Disconnect
Chn File > Disconnect
Chn Window > Work Offline
Chn File > Work Offline
Cu 10:
Mun sao lu mt trang Web ln my tnh c nhn th:
116
Kch phi chut trn trang Web v chn Save
Chn Edit > Select All, chn Copy v chn Paste trn chng trnh son tho khc.
Chn File > Save
Chn File > Save As
Cu 11:
kt ni Internet thng qua mng cc b (LAN), khng cn thng tin no:
a ch IP my ch Proxy
Ti khon s dng Internet
Card mng v ung kt ni n my ch Proxy
Modem v ung kt ni n my ch Proxy
Cu 12:
thit lp a ch Proxy, khng cn thc hin thao tc no trong cc thao tc sau:
Chn th Connection trong hp thoi Internet Option
Nhn vo nt LAN Settings
Chn nt Add trn mc Dial-up Settings
Nhp cc thng s do ngi qun tr mng cung cp.
Cu 13:
kt ni Internet thng qua ng in thoi, khng cn thng tin no:
Ci t modem
Ci t card mng
To kt ni mng
Cu 14:
ci t modem, khng cn thc hin thao tc no:
Chn biu tng Modem trong ca s Control Panel
Chn Install New Modem
Chn Add tm kim modem mi
Chn tn v b ci driver cho Modem.
Cu 15:
son hoc c E-mail, th trc tin phi kt ni Internet
ng
Sai
Cu 16:
117
Khi kt ni Internet qua in thoi, chng ta c phi tr cc ph in thoi ng di, cc

ph lin lc quc t hay khng?
C, v kt ni Internet l lin lc ng di
Khng, v l vic ca ISP
Cu 17:
Khi mun thay i nh cung cp Internet (ISP) c cn phi thay i s in thoi truy nhp
hay khng?
C, v cc ISP cng chnh l nh cung cp dch v in thoi, h s khng chp
nhn mt s in thoi ca nh cung cp khc.
Khng, v vi mt s in thoi, ta c th truy cp ti nhiu ISP
Cu 18:
Phng php kt ni Internet ang ph bin nht ti Vit Nam hin nay?
ADSL
Dial-up
Cp quang
ISDN
Cu 19:
tm kim thng tin trn Internet, ta c th tm bng cch:
Chn Start > Search
Chn View > Explorer Bar > Search
Chn View > Toolbar > Search
M mt trang tm kim, nhp t kha tm kim v chn Search.
Cu 20:
u khng phi l a ch tm kim thng dng?
www.panvn.com
www.vnn.vn
www.google.com
www.altavista.com
Cu 21:
Th in t dng :
Trao i thng tin trc tuyn
Hi thoi trc tuyn
Gi th thng qua mi trng Internet
Tm kim thng tin
Cu 22:
118
Mun s dng th in t trc ht phi:
ng k mt ti khon th in t
ng k mt ti khon Internet
C mt hm th c nhn
C mt chng trnh nhn/gi th in t
Cu 23:
Mun m hp th lp phi:
Cung cp chnh xc ti khon ng k cho my ch th in t
C chng trnh nhn/gi th in t
Cung cp ti khon s dng Internet
Cu 24:
tr li th, s dng nt:
Relpy
Forward
Compose
Attactment
Cu 25:
chuyn tip th, dng nt
Relpy
Relpy to All
Forward
Attachment
Cu 26:
Folder Outbox hoc Unsent Message ca E-mail cha :
Cc th xo i
Cc th son hoc cha gi i
Cc th nhn c
Cc th c
Cu 27:
119
Khi mt dng ch trong th ta nhn c bt u bng ch RE:, th thng thng th l:
Th rc, th qung co
Th mi
Th tr li cho th m ta nhn t mt ai
Th ca nh cung cp dch v E-mail m ta ang s dng
Cu 28:
Khi nhn c bn tin " Mail undeliverable" c ngha l
Th c gi i, nhng khng ti c ngi nhn
Th c gi i, nhng ngi nhn khng c
l th ca nh cung cp dch v
l th ca ngi nhn thng bo vic khng m c th
Cu 29:
Mun ly 1 tp t Internet v lu tr trn my cc b, s dng dch v:
Ti tp tin
Hi thoi
Th in t
Tm kim
Cu 30:
Mun trao i trc tuyn vi ngi dng khc trn mng, s dng dch v:
Ti tp tin
Hi thoi
Th in t
Tm kim
Cu 31:
Khi s dng Instant Messager, mun chat vi 1 ngi cha c trong danh sch, thc hin:
Nhn vo nt Add
Nhn vo nt IM
Nhn vo nt Text
Nhn vo nt Chat
Cu 32:
120
Mun chat vi 1 ngi trong danh sch, thc hin:
Nhn vo nt Add
Nhn vo nt IM
Nhn vo nt Text
Nhn vo nt Chat
Cu 33:
c th Chat bng m thanh (Voice), c hai ngi tham gia phi c:
Mt in thoi
Phn mm tng thch nhau, mt Card m thanh, Microphone, v cc loa (hay

headphone)
Mt my quay Video (webcamera)
Mt b tng m
Cu 34:
Mt chatroom vi nhng bn hc cng lp c th coi nh mt lp hc o ?
ng
Sai
Cu 35:
Mt din n trn Internet dng :
Cc thnh vin giao lu trc tuyn vi nhau
Cc thnh vin tho lun trc tuyn vi nhau
Cc thnh vin c th trao i, hc hi v nhiu lnh vc c cng s quan tm.
Tm kim thng tin.
Cu 36:
Tham gia vo din n, bn c th:
C nhng ngi bn cng ch hng
Tm kim v chia s nhng thng tin b ch
Ni vng tay ln
Giao lu trc tuyn
121
Chng 3: Gio dc in t (E-Learning)
0 CHNG 3: GIO DC IN T (E-LEARNING)

GII THIU
Chng ny gii thiu cho sinh vin nhng kin thc, khi nim c lin quan v gio dc
in t (di y c gi tt theo thut ng ting Anh l E-Learning), t gip cho sinh vin
c th d dng lm quen, tip cp s dng cc cng ngh gio dc- o to mi, v ang c
trin khai rng ri trn th gii v ti Vit Nam.
Ni dung ca chng bao gm:
Cc khi nim, nh ngha trong E-Learning, c im ca E-Learning, s khc bit gia
phng php hc tp bng E-Learning vi phng php hc tp truyn thng.
Cu trc, m hnh chc nng ca h thng E-learning in hnh.
Cc phng php v qui trnh hc bng E-Learning.
nm c ni dung ca chng ny v c th ng dng c hiu qu vo hot ng t
hc tp v nghin cu ca mnh, sinh vin cn c mt s k nng s dng my tnh n gin v
nhng kin thc v Internet v dch v nh cp chng 1 v 2 ca cun sch ny.
3.1.
KHI QUT CHUNG
3.1.1. Lch s pht trin

Thut ng E-learning tr nn quen thuc trn th gii trong mt vi thp k gn y.
Cng vi s pht trin ca Tin hc v mng truyn thng, cc phng thc gio dc, o to ngy
cng c ci tin nhm nng cao cht lng, tit kim thi gian v tin bc cho ngi hc. Ngay
t khi mi ra i, E-Learning xm nhp vo hu ht cc hot ng hun luyn o to ca cc
nc trn th gii. Tp on d liu quc t (IDG) nhn nh rng s c mt s pht trin bng n
trong lnh vc E-Learning. V iu c chng minh qua s thnh cng ca cc h thng
thng gio dc hin i c s dng phng php E-Learning nhiu quc gia nh M, Anh,
Nht,
Gn vi s pht trin ca cng ngh thng tin v phng php gio dc o to, qu trnh
pht trin ca E-Learning c th chia ra thnh 4 thi k nh sau [ 1 ]:
- Trc nm: 1983:
Thi k ny, my tnh cha c s dng rng ri, phng php gio dc Ly ging vin
lm trung tm l phng php ph bin nht trong cc trng hc. Hc vin ch c th trao i
tp trung quanh ging vin v cc bn hc. c im ca loi hnh ny l gi thnh o to r.
http://www.knowledgenet.com/corporateinformation/ourhistory/history.jsp
122
- Giai on: 1984 - 1993:

S ra i ca h iu hnh Windows 3.1, My tnh Macintosh, phn mm trnh din
powerpoint, cng cc cng c a phng tin khc m ra mt k nguyn mi: k nguyn a
phng tin. Nhng cng c ny cho php to ra cc bi ging c tch hp hnh nh v m thanh
da trn cng ngh CBT (Computer Based Training). Bi hc c phn phi n ngi hc qua
a CD-ROM hoc a mm. Vo bt k thi gian no, u, ngi hc cng c th mua v t
hc. Tuy nhin s hng dn ca ging vin l rt hn ch.
- Giai on: 1994 - 1999
Khi cng ngh Web c pht minh ra, cc nh cung cp dch v o to bt u nghin
cu cch thc ci tin phng php gio dc bng cng ngh ny. Cc chng trnh: E-mail,
Web, Trnh duyt, Media player, k thut truyn Audio/video tc thp cng vi ngn ng h
tr Web nh HTML v JAVA bt u tr ln ph dng lm thay i b mt ca o to bng
a phng tin. Ngi thy thng thi dn l r thng qua cc phng tin: E-mail, CBT, qua
Intranet vi text v hnh nh n gin, o to bng cng ngh WEB vi hnh nh chuyn ng
tc thp c trin khai trn din rng.
- Giai on: 2000 - 2005
Cc cng ngh tin tin bao gm JAVA v cc ng dng mng IP, cng ngh truy nhp
mng v bng thng Internet c nng cao, cc cng ngh thit k Web tin tin tr thnh
mt cuc cch mng trong gio dc o to. Ngy nay thng qua Web, gio vin c th kt hp
hng dn trc tuyn (hnh nh, m thanh, cc cng c trnh din) ti mi ngi hc, nng cao
hn cht lng dch v o to. Cng ngy cng ngh Web cng chng t c kh nng mang li
hiu qu cao trong gio dc o to, cho php a dng ho cc mi trng hc tp. Tt c nhng
iu to ra mt cuc cch mng trong o to vi gi thnh r, cht lng cao v hiu qu.
chnh l ln sng th 2 ca E-learning, v hin nay chng ta ang trong giai on ca ln
sng ny.
Cng vi xu hng chung ca th gii, Vit Nam, E-Learning cng c mt s c
quan v t chc o to truyn b v trin khai ng dng. Trn mng Internet c hng trm trang
Web cung cp dch v o to theo m hnh E-Learning, in hnh l dch v luyn thi trc tuyn
trn mng ca cng ty pht trin phn mm VASC vi trang Web http://www.truongthi.com,
Trung tm o to k thut vin mng CISCO qua trang Web http://www.cisco.com, B khoa
hc v cng ngh cng thnh lp trung tm VITEC chuyn st hch CNTT v h tr o to.
Mt s trng i trong nc cng v ang p dng tng phn hnh thc E-Learning. Trng
i hc M H Ni l trng i u trong vic t chc o to i hc t xa, cc trng i hc
ln trong c nc cng bt u xy dng cc bi ging in t a ln trang Web ca trng
mnh,
3.1.2. E-Learning l g?
- E-Learning (Electronic Learning)
Tht kh c th nh ngha mt cch chnh xc thut ng E-Learning, xong ta c th im
qua mt s cch gii thch khc nhau v E-Learning:
E-Learning ngha l vic hc s dng Internet.
123
E-Learning ngha l s dng cng ngh mng thit k, phn phi, chn la, qun l
v m rng vic Hc.
E-learning l t hp ca cng ngh Internet v Web nhm to ra, cho php, phn phi,
v/hoc cung cp cc phng tin phc v hc tp.
E-Learning l Hc bng Internet. E-learning c th bao gm vic phn phi ni dung
cc dng thc khc nhau; qun l hc tp; v mt mng ca ngi hc, ngi pht trin
ni dung v cc chuyn gia.
E-learning cung cp cho ngi hc tc tip cn tri thc nhanh hn vi gi thnh r
hn, cng bng vi mi ngi hc.[ 2 ]
Vic trin khai p dng m hnh o to E-learning kh a dng, n gin nht l hnh thc
cung cp cc bi ging in t trn a CD cho hc vin t hc, phc tp hn l nhng lp hc
c t chc trn mng Internet vi s qun l mt cch c h thng. Nhn chung, h thng Elearning thng bao gm nhiu thnh phn chc nng c tch hp trn mi trng mng
Internet, mi thnh phn u c tch ring bit v cung cp cc dch v khc nhau, tuy nhin tt
c cc thnh phn u c tp trung trong mt h thng thng nht cung cp dch v o
to cho ngi s dng.
V bn cht th vn l qu trnh truyn ti kin thc t ging vin n hc vin di s
gim st ca h thng qun l, do n cn phi tun th cc tin trnh c bn trong qu trnh o
to v trin khai th thng. E-learning lun c hiu gn vi qu trnh Hc hn l vi qu trnh
dy-hc. L do n gin l theo thi gian ngi ta thay i tng bc cch nhn trong mi
quan h gia Dy v Hc: Ly ngi Thy lm trung tm (Dy) --> To s bnh ng gia Thy
v Tr (Dy-Hc) ---> Ly hc Tr lm trung tm (Hc).
Vy mt cch chung nht, E-Learning h thng o to s dng cc cng ngh
Multimedia da trn nn tng ca mng Internet. Ngi hc s hc bng my tnh, thng qua
trang Web trong mt lp hc o. Ni dung bi hc s c phn phi ti hc vin qua Internet,
mng intranet/extranet (LAN/WAN), bng audio v video, v tinh qung b, truyn hnh tng
tc, CD-ROM, v cc loi hc liu in t khc. [ 3 ]
Hnh 3.1 m t mt cch tng qut khi nim E-learning.Trong m hnh ny, h thng o
to bao gm 4 thnh phn, c chuyn ti ti ngi hc thng qua cc phng tin truyn thng
in t.
theo http://www.learnframe.com/aboutelearning/
theo http://www.learningcircuits.org/glossary.html
124
Ni dung: Cc ni dung o to, bi ging c th hin di dng cc phng tin

truyn thng in t, a phng tin. V d: mt file hng dn s dng thit b vin thng c
to lp bng phn mm adobe pdf, bi ging CBT vit bng phn mm cng c Toolbook,
Director, Flash,...
Phn phi: Vic phn phi cc ni dung o to c thc hin thng qua cc phng
tin in t. V d ti liu c gi cho hc vin bng e-mail, hc vin hc trn website, hc qua
a CD-ROM multimedia,
Qun l: Qu trnh qun l hc tp, o to c thc hin hon ton nh phng tin
truyn thng in t. V d nh vic ng k hc qua mng, bng bn tin nhn SMS, vic theo di
tin hc tp (im danh), thi kim tra nh gi c thc hin qua mng Internet,...
Hp tc: S hp tc, trao i ca ngi hc trong qu trnh hc tp cng c thng
qua phng tin truyn thng in t. V d nh vic trao i tho lun thng qua email, chatting,
forum trn mng,
Ngy nay vi s hi t ca my tnh v truyn thng, E-learning c hiu mt cch trc
tip hn l qu trnh hc thng qua mng Internet v cng ngh Web.
125
3.1.3. c im ca E-Learning
E-Learning ang pht trin mnh m v c coi l phng thc o to cho tng lai. Vy
iu g khin cho E-Learning c coi trng nh vy?
Tt nhin v bn cht, c th coi E-learning cng l mt hnh thc o to t xa. V vy n
c nhng c im khc bit chung ca o to t xa so vi o to truyn thng. Nhng c
im ni bt ca E-Learning so vi o to truyn thng c lit k di y:
Khng b gii hn bi khng gian v thi gian: S ph cp rng ri ca Internet dn
xo i khong cch v thi gian v khng gian cho E-Learning. Mt kho hc E-learning c
chuyn ti qua mng ti my tnh ca ngi hc, iu ny cho php cc hc vin hc bt c lc
no v bt c ni u.
Tnh hp dn: Vi s h tr ca cng ngh multimedia, nhng bi ging tch hp text,
hnh nh minh ho, m thanh tng thm tnh hp dn ca bi hc. Ngi hc gi y khng ch
cn nghe ging m cn c xem nhng v d minh ho trc quan, thm ch cn c th tin hnh
tng tc vi bi hc nn kh nng nm bt kin thc cng tng ln.
Tnh linh hot : Mt kho hc E-learning c phc v theo nhu cu ngi hc, ch
khng nht thit phi bm theo mt thi gian biu c nh. V th ngi hc c th t iu chnh
qu trnh hc, la chn cch hc ph hp nht vi hon cnh ca mnh.
D tip cn v Truy nhp ngu nhin: Bng danh mc bi ging s cho php hc vin
la chn n v tri thc, ti liu mt cch tu theo trnh kin thc v iu kin truy nhp
mng ca mnh. Hc vin t tm ra cc k nng hc cho ring mnh vi s gip ca nhng ti
liu trc tuyn.
Tnh cp nht: Ni dung kho hc thng xuyn c cp nht v i mi nhm p
ng v ph hp tt nht cho hc vin.
Hc c s hp tc, phi hp (Collaborative learning): Cc hc vin c th d dng trao
i vi nhau qua mng trong qu trnh hc, trao i gia cc hc vin v vi ging vin. Cc trao
i ny h tr tch cc cho qu trnh hc tp ca hc vin.
Tt nhin E-learning cng c mt s cch hc khc. V d nh, cc lp hc thng qua trang
Web dng phn mm hi tho video trn mng, v cc phn mm khc cho php hc vin xa
tham gia mt kho hc trn lp hc truyn thng. Mt s kho hc trn trang Web theo yu cu
c ging vin (hoc ngi hng dn) tng tc thng xuyn vi tng hc vin hoc vi cc
nhm hc vin.
C nn chuyn i sang E-learning hay khng?
Phn di y s a ra cc nh gi chung nht cho c hai pha: pha c s o to hoc
nh cung cp dch v o to v pha ngi hc (lu rng nu nh trong gio dc o to truyn
thng, cc thut ng dch v o to rt t c s dng th trong mi trng E-learning th thut
ng dch v o to li c bit n mt cch kh ph bin). Nu i vi c pha c s o to
v ngi hc, hc bng E-learning c nhiu li ch hn so vi bt li, th vic chuyn i sang
hc bng E-learning c th l mt phng php hu hiu.
126
& Quan im ca C s o to
C s o to l mt t chc thit k v cung cp cc kha hc trc tuyn E-learning. c
th ch l mt phng ban trong cng ty khi mun o to ni b, hoc l ton b
Trng/Vin/Cng ty nu c s cung cp chng trnh o to, bi ging cho nhng ngi hc
c lp hoc c s khc. Hy th so snh u v nhc im i vi c s o to khi chuyn i
cc kho hc truyn thng sang kho hc E-learning.
u im
Nhc im
Gim chi ph t chc v qun l

o to. Sau khi pht trin xong, mt
kho hc E-learning c th dy cho hng
ngn hc vin vi chi ph ch cao hn
mt cht so vi t chc o to cho 20
hc vin.
Chi ph pht trin mt kho hc ln. Vic

hc qua mng cn mi m, ngoi vic cn trang b
y cc thit b my mc, cn cn c cc chuyn
vin k thut thit k kho hc. Trin khai mt
lp hc E-learning c th chi ph tn gp 5-10 ln
so vi mt kho hc thng thng vi ni dung
tng ng.
Rt ngn thi gian o to. Vic

hc trn mng c th o to cp tc cho
mt lng ln hc vin m khng b
gii hn bi s lng ging vin hng
dn hoc lp hc.
Yu cu k nng mi. Nhng ngi c kh

nng ging dy tt trn lp cha chc bit ti
cc k thut thit k, qun l, ging dy mt kha
hc trong mi trng E-learning. Pha c s o
to c th phi o to li mt s ging vin v
phi b xung thm nhng nhn vin mi cho vic
ny.
Cn t phng tin hn. Cc my

ch v phn mm cn thit cho vic hc
trn mng c chi ph r hn rt nhiu so
vi chi ph ca phng hc, bng, bn
gh, v cc c s vt cht khc phc v
phng hc truyn thng.
Li ch ca vic hc trn mng vn cha

c khng nh. Cc hc vin hiu c gi
tr ca vic hc 1 tun trn lp c th vn ngn ngi
khi b ra mt chi ph tng ng cho mt kho
hc trn mng thm ch cn hiu qu hn. Phi
chng t c rng u t vo vic hc qua mng
s mang li kt qu ln.
i hi phi thit k li. Vic cc hc vin

Ging vin v hc vin khng
phi i li nhiu. Ging vin khng khng c cc kt ni mng tc cao i hi pha
phi i ti ch ca hc vin hoc cc c s o to phi xy dng cc kho hc khc
trung tm o to xa ging dy.
phc nhng hn ch .
Tng hp c kin thc. Vic
hc trn mng c th gip hc vin nm
bt c nhiu kin thc hn, d dng
sng lc, v ti s dng chng.
127
& Quan im ca ngi hc (hc vin)

C nhn hoc t chc tham gia cc kho hc E-learning trn mng chc chn s thy vic
hc ny xng ng vi thi gian v s tin h b ra. Bng di y s so snh thun li v kh
khn i vi hc vin khi h chuyn i vic hc tp theo phng php truyn thng sang hc tp
bng E-learning.
u im
Nhc im
K thut phc tp. Rt nhiu hc vin

C th hc bt c lc no, ti bt k
ni u. D ang u v vo lc no, nu mi tham gia kho hc trn mng cm thy bi
cn, hc vin c th tham gia ngay vo kho ri v nn lng. Trc khi c th bt u kho
hc m khng phi ch ti khi lp hc khai hc, h phi thng tho cc k nng mi.
ging.
Khng phi i li nhiu v khng
phi ngh vic. Hc vin c th tit kim chi
ph i li ti ni hc. ng thi, h c th d
dng iu chnh thi gian hc ph hp vi
thi gian lm vic ca mnh.
Chi ph k thut cao: tham gia hc

trn mng, hc vin phi ci t cc phn mm
cng c trn my tnh ca mnh, ti v ci t
cc chc nng cm v chy (plug and play), v
kt ni vo mng.
Vic hc c th bun t. Mt s hc
C th t quyt nh vic hc ca
mnh. Hc vin ch hc nhng g m h cn. vin s cm thy thiu quan h bn b v s
H c th b qua, hc lt v hc li nhng tip xc trn lp.
g cn thit vi cc cp v tc thch
hp vi h. Vic hc tu theo yu cu ca
hc vin em li hiu qu rt cao.
Kh nng truy cp c nng cao:
Vic tip cn nhng kho hc trn mng
c thit k hp l s d dng hn i vi
nhng ngi khng c kh nng nghe, nhn;
nhng ngi hc ngoi ng hai; v nhng
ngi khng c kh nng hc nh ngi b
mc chng kh c.
Vic kim tra tnh xc thc: Cc nh
thit k c th to ra nhng bi m phng c
tnh xc thc cao. Rt nhiu hc vin trc
tuyn a thch vic t n tp v kim tra
trnh m khng c ai gim st v cho
im.
128
Yu cu thc c nhn cao hn: Vic

hc qua mng yu cu bn thn hc vin phi
c trch nhim hn i vi vic hc ca chnh
h. Mt s ngi s cm thy kh khn trong
vic to ra cho mnh mt lch hc c nh.
Nhng thun li v kh khn trn l khng trnh khi. Vi vic chun b tt, hc vin c
th khc phc c hu ht cc kh khn. Nu hc vin chun b khng tt v vic t chc o
to bng E-learning ca c s o to cha c k cng th hc vin s khng thy c nhng
thun li ca nhng kho hc trn mng. V d: nu nhng bi hc khng c b cc r rng v
nh hng c th th vic t hc s khng ha hn iu g c. Ngc li, hc vin c th khc
phc c s bun t ca vic hc trc tuyn bng cch tho lun hoc chat vi ging vin v bn
hc qua mng bng cch tham d cc din n.
3.2.
CU TRC CA MT H THNG E-LEARNING
3.2.1. M hnh chc nng

thy r cc h thng lm vic khc nhau nh th no, cn phi ch ra mt m hnh chc
nng n gin ca mt mi trng ng dng E-learning. M hnh chc nng cung cp mt ci
nhn trc quan v cc thnh phn to nn mi trng E-learning v nhng i tng thng tin
gia chng. Vin nghin cu cng ngh gio dc t xa (ADL) a ra m hnh tham chiu i
tng ni dung chia s (SCORM - Sharable Content Object Reference Model) v nh
ngha mt cch khi qut v mt mi trng ng dng E-learning: l mt kiu h thng qun l
hc tp (LMS-Learning Management System), trong LMS l mt h thng dch v qun l
qu trnh phn phi v theo di ni dung hc tp ca ngi hc.
SCORM khng i vo m t chi tit cc khi chc nng ca LMS, tht ra SCORM ch tp
trung quan tm nhiu n cc chc nng phn phi v theo di ni dung hc trong LMS. Nhng
chng ta c th xut m hnh chc nng trn c s ca m hnh ca SCORM nhm m bo
bao trm ht cc chc nng ca mt mi trng E-learning cn c. Trong SCORM c nh ngha
2 phn h: LCMS (h thng qun l ni dung hc tp) v LMS (h thng qun l hc tp).
Hnh 3.2 di y m t mt cch khi qut v cu trc chc nng in hnh ca mt h
thng E-learning v cc i tng thng tin tiu chun gia cc thnh phn ca n. 4
Xiaofei lie v cng s : An implementable arrchitecture of an E-learning system Univesity of Ottawa
129
Hnh 3.2 : M hnh chc nng h thng E-learning
H thng qun l ni dung hc tp (LCMS):
Mt LCMS l mt mi trng a ngi dng, cc c s pht trin ni dung c th to

ra, lu tr, s dng li, qun l v phn phi ni dung hc tp trong mi trng s t mt kho d
liu trung tm.
130
LCMS cho php ngi dng to ra v s dng li nhng n v ni dung nh trong kho d
liu trung tm. Vic s dng cc cu trc siu d liu hc c chun ho, cng vi cc khun
dng truy xut n v kin thc c chun ho cng cho php cc n v kin thc c to ra
v chia s bi cc phn mm cng c a nng v cc kho d liu hc tp.
cung cp kh nng tng hp (interoperability) gia cc h thng, LCMS c thit k
sao cho ph hp vi cc tiu chun v siu d liu ni dung, ng gi ni dung v truyn thng
ni dung.
Tm li LCMS qun l cc qu trnh to ra v a ni dung hc tp ln mi trng s.
H thng qun l hc tp (LMS)
LMS nh l mt h thng dch v qun l vic phn phi v tm kim ni dung hc tp cho
ngi hc, tc l LMS qun l cc qu trnh hc tp.
LMS cn trao i thng tin v h s ngi s dng v thng tin ng nhp ca ngi s
dng vi cc h thng khc. LMS ly thng tin v v tr ca kho hc t LCMS v v cc hot
ng ca hc vin t LCMS.
Yu cu v chc nng ca mt h thng LMS in hnh c th c lit k tm tt nh sau:
(1) Yu cu chung
- C kh nng nng cp ln s lng ngi dng v s lng bn ghi ngi dng khng
hn ch.
- c thit k ngi dng thng thng (chng hn gio vin) c th s dng.
- c thit di dng ng dng Web c th truy nhp t mi my tnh c s dng
trnh duyt.
- H tr a ngn ng; yu cu c bn l ting Anh v ting Vit; c kh nng nng cp
h tr bt c ngn ng no, khng phn bit mu k t (la tinh, tng hnh).
(2) Yu cu k thut
- Tng thch vi cc trnh duyt chun.
- C kh nng tch hp vi h thng ERP, HR, CRM hoc cc h thng doanh
nghip khc.
- c thit k theo module c th d dng nng cp trong tng lai.
- c thit k ngi hc c th tham gia hc tp qua ng thoi thng thng.
- C kh nng tch hp ng dng th in t MS Outlook Express v c kh nng trao i
th in t vi mi h thng th in t chun.
- C kh nng chy trn nhiu loi my ch (IBM, HP, SUN.v.v..), c kh nng tn dng
nng lc phn cng tng hiu sut hot ng, khng yu cu cu hnh phn cng qu mnh.
131
(3) Yu cu iu khin truy nhp v bo mt

- H tr cc giao thc truy nhp v chng thc ca Windows.
- Hn ch truy nhp bng ID ngi dng v mt khu truy nhp.
- Ngn chn cc ng k tri php.
- Bo v c ni dung, k hoch v thng tin o to trong trng hp h thng b ph
hy do v tnh hoc c .
- Hn ch truy nhp ti cc bn ghi o to c nhn. Ch ng ngi hc, ngi gim st
v ngi qun l chng trnh o to mi c th truy nhp ti cc bn ghi c nhn .
- C kh nng hn ch truy nhp ti d liu/ni dung theo ngi dng.
- H tr kin trc bo mt a lp (t nht l 2 lp) cho ng dng Web.
(4) Yu cu giao din ngi dng
- H tr giao din ngi dng trn c s trnh duyt Web, c kh nng ty chnh v thn
thin ngi dng.
- Cho php thit lp nhiu giao din ring bit cho cc nhm ngi dng khc nhau.
- Cung cp phng tin ngi dng t thit lp giao din ca mnh m khng cn n
s tr gip ca i ng k thut.
- Ch hin th cc chc nng v ty chn tng ng vi vai tr ca ngi dng khi ng
nhp h thng.
- H tr chc nng tr gip v hng dn trc tuyn.
(5) Yu cu chc nng
Chc nng chung
- C kh nng tch hp vi thng tin o to hin c.

- C kh nng cung cp cc kha hc min ph cho khch hng.
- C kh nng t ng kim tra xung t lch trnh s dng ti nguyn, gm phng tin,
thit b v con ngi.
- C kh nng to v duy tr cc thng tin chi tit v gio vin, gm l lch, thng tin lin
lc v a ch th in t.v.v..
- Cung cp chc nng ngi qun tr c th ln thi kha biu cho gio vin.
- C kh nng gim st trnh chuyn mn v bng cp ca gio vin.
- Cung cp din n ni b, th in t cc b v chat trc tuyn.
- C kh nng tnh hc ph.
132
Chc nng ng k, gim st
- Cho php ngi qun tr thit lp nhiu loi kha hc khc nhau (ILT, ng b, khng
ng b.v.v..).
- Cho php ngi qun tr ln thi kha biu cho cc lp ILT.
- Cho php qun l phng hc v kim tra xung t trong vic s dng phng hc.
- Cho php hc vin xem danh sch v ng k cc kha hc ILT, ng b v khng
ng b.
- H tr kh nng ng k nhm.
- H thng phi c kh nng xc nhn lp tc thng qua e-mail i vi vic ng k hc.
- Cho php ngi qun tr ch r kha hc no l bt buc v kha hc no l c th chn.
- H thng phi c kh nng ngn chn cc ng k lp (ng k hai ln).
- C kh nng theo di s c mt ca hc vin.
- Cho php ngi qun tr son chnh sch ng k kha hc thit lp v qun l cc
qu trnh ng k hc phc tp.
- C kh nng t ng thng bo trong trng hp xc nhn, hy b, nhc nh hoc thay
i phng hc.
- C kh nng t ng cp nht trng thi lp hc khi c thay i.
- Cho php gio vin xem li hc vin v cc s liu thng k.
- C kh nng cho php cc nhm ngi hc ng k hc mt chng trnh gm nhiu
kha hc.
- Cung cp chc nng tm kim trong danh mc kha hc.
- Cho php hc vin xem kt qu hc tp.
- Cho php hc vin xem tin tc v thng bo trn trang ch.
- Cho php hc vin xem li k hoch o to c nhn.
Chc nng bo co
- C bo co nh gi kha hc.
- C bo co hng tun v trng thi ca khch hng (hc vin ang hc, module hon
thnh, s liu v ng nhp.v.v..)
- C bo co v tng hc vin (thi gian ng nhp, module v bi kim tra hon thnh).
- C bo co v im kim tra trung bnh, tng cng hoc theo tng module.
- C kh nng to cc bo co c bit khi cn.
- C th thay i cc bo co nh ngha trc.
- Cho php xut bo co ra dng bng tnh.
133
- Cho php t ng to bo co v chuyn n mn hnh ca ngi hc, ngi qun l

hoc ngi qun tr.
- Cho php xem bo co trc tuyn, in ra hoc xut ra.
Chc nng chun ho E-learning
- C kh nng tch hp v gim st cc kha hc theo chun SCORM v AICC.

- H tr cc kha hc t cc nh cung cp th 3
- H tr cc kha hc c pht trin bng ToolBook, Authorware, Dreamweaver v cc
cng c ng gi khc.
Chc nng qun l chng trnh ging dy
- H tr to v trin khai cc chng trnh o to pha trn, gm ILT, ng b, khng

ng b.v.v..
- C kh nng thit lp cc iu kin tin quyt.
- Cho php to v gim st cc k hoch hc tp.
- Cho php ngi qun l kha hc v lp hc thi hnh t xa.
- Cung cp cc bn mu lp lch trnh kha hc.
Chc nng kim tra
- H tr cc dng cu hi sau: a la chn; ng/sai; in vo ch trng; ko th; cu tr

li ngn.
- Cc cu hi kim tra c cha hnh nh, hot hnh, m thanh hoc video.
- Cho php chn ngu nhin cu hi.
- C phn hi v chm im.
- Cu hi c cha gi cho hc vin.
- C kh nng gii hn s ln thc hin mt cu kim tra.
- Cho php cc cu hi c s im khc nhau.
- C php to cc bi kim tra hn hp, gm a la chn, ng/sai, in vo ch trng
hoc cu tr li ngn.
- Cho php kim tra nh gi trc, trong v sau khi tham gia kha hc.
- Cho php gii hn thi gian thc hin bi kim tra.
- C th h tr cc dng bi kim tra phc tp nh bi lun.
- Kt qu kim tra phi c lu li trong c s d liu.
Cha kho cho s kt hp thnh cng gia LMS v LCMS l tnh m, tnh tng hp. Hnh
3.3 m t mt m hnh kin trc ca h thng E-learning s dng cng ngh dch v Web thc
hin tnh tng hp gia LMS v LCMS cng nh vi cc h thng hc tp khc.
134
Trn c s cc c tnh ca dch v Web, ngi ta thy rng cc dch v Web c kh nng
tt thc hin tnh nng lin kt, tng hp ca cc h thng E-learning bi cc l do sau:
Thng tin trao i gia cc h thng E-learning nh siu d liu v n v kin thc
(LOM), ng gi ni dung IMS u tun th tiu chun XML.
M hnh kin trc Web l nn tng v c lp v ngn ng vi E-learning. N cho php
tng cng s tng hp v m rng trn c s h tng mng v cc ng dng khc nhau sn c
trn th trng E-learning.
M hnh kin trc Web cho php pht trin v s dng Intranet cng nh cc dch v
Internet cng cng. iu cho php vic la chn cc cng ngh mng l hon ton trong sut
i vi cc n v pht trin ni dung v cc nh cung cp dch v.
Kin trc ny cho thy cc h thng E-learrning khc nhau trao i cc bn tin thng qua s
tng tc ca cc tc nhn (agent) dch v Web trong mi h thng. Nh cung cp dch v ngi
dng l n v cung cp h tng my ch truy nhp ti dch v E-learning. Nh cung cp ni dung
l cc c s o to tham gia th trng E-learning.
3.2.2. M hnh h thng
Mt cch tng th mt h thng E-learning bao gm 3 phn chnh (hnh 5.4): 5
Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng: D n o to t xa giai on 2 (2003-2005).
135
H tng truyn thng v mng: Bao gm cc thit b u cui ngi dng (hc vin),
thit b ti cc c s cung cp dch v, mng truyn thng,...
H tng phn mm: Cc phn mm LMS, LCMS (v d n gin nh MarcoMedia,
Aurthorware, Toolbook,...)
Ni dung o to (h tng thng tin): Phn quan trng ca E-learning l ni dung cc
kho hc, cc phn mm dy hc (courseware).
Hnh 3: M hnh h thng o to e-learning
ni dung o to
Gio trnh, bi ging mn hc, ...
Cng ngh, gii php, ...
Quy trnh, C ch, chnh sch, dch v, ...
o to
C s d liu
Tra cu - Nghin cu
Ngn hng bi ging in t
Th vin
in t
E-learning course
Chng
trnh thi
trc tuyn
C s
d liu
chuyn
ngnh
Chng trnh qun

l o to v qun
tr h thng
o to
trc
tuyn
Th
vin s
Chng trnh qun l th

vin in t
CSDL tri thc
Cp nht
H tng phn mm
E-learning LMS
Contents
WBT/CBT Tools
WEB sites Elearning
h tng truyn thng v mng

Ch dn
Internet
h thng cung cp dch v bo mt v xc thc

Mng Backbone
cc mng lan
PSTN/ISDN
E-Mail
h thng my ch
Hnh 3.4 M hnh h thng E-learning

Mt v d v m hnh h tng phn cng cho mng trung tm ca mt h thng E-learning
in hnh c cho hnh 3.5 di y.
136
Hnh 3.5 M hnh mng trung tm cho h thng E-learning

M t chc nng mt s thit b mng
Ti nguyn
Chc nng
Web Server
Lm Web hosting, cung cp cc dch v truy cp qua Web.

Thc hin phn loi v chuyn hng cc kt ni truy nhp h thng.
Qun tr v lu tr d liu v cc dch v e-Learning.
Cung cp dch v truy xut d liu h thng v t ng thc hin
lch backup d liu.
ng b ho d liu vi Database Server ca cc nh cung cp khc.
Qun l v lu tr d liu bi hc multimedia ca ton b h thng
o to t xa qua Web.
Cung cp cc dch v truy xut d liu multimedia.
Database Server
Content Server
137
Authoring Server
Mail Server
Tape Backup
Router
Firewall
Switch
Load Balancing
Cung cp cc dch v xy dng bi ging trc tuyn multimedia cho

o to t xa qua Web.
To mi trng test v qun l cc dch v truy xut d liu a
phng tin (multimedia.)
Qun tr v lu tr d liu th in t ca ring h thng.
Cung cp cc dch v gi nhn th ca ring h thng o to t xa
qua Web.
Thc hin sao lu c s d liu dch v, d liu multimedia dng
cho vic lu tr, phng trnh li h thng.
Lm Internet Gateway ca h thng.
Lm bc tng la bo v h thng chng li cc truy nhp khng
hp l.
Lm u kt ni cho h thng server v phng son bi ging, phng
qun tr h thng.
Thc hin phn ti cc yu cu truy xut d liu multimedia.
Pht trin E-Learning i hi chi ph rt ln trong giai on u do phi trang tri nhiu chi
ph: nh chi ph xy dng h tng phn cng, chi ph h tng phn mm LMS, LCMS, chi ph
pht trin ni dung, chi ph xy dng, o to i ng
Khi xy dng cc h thng E-Learning, cn tun theo cc chun cc h thng ELearning p ng cc kh nng sau:
Kh nng tng hp (Interoperability) vi h thng khc.
Kh nng ti s dng (Re-usability) li cc LO.
Kh nng qun l (Manageability) hc vin, ni dung hc tp.
Kh nng truy nhp (Accessibility),
C nhm 3 h tiu chun c trng cho cc cng ngh E-learning: ISO/IEC JTC1 SC36,
IEEE LTSC, CEN/ISSS.
138
Nh ni trn, ngy nay tiu chun E-learning chnh c bit n nhiu l tiu chun
SCORM (M hnh tham chiu i tng ni dung chia s) c ra bi ADL (Advanced
Distributed Learning). M hnh SCORM xc nh vic hc da trn Web M hnh lin kt ni
dung v Mi trng chy theo thi gian cho cc n v kin thc. M hnh SCORM l mt tp
hp cc tiu chun thch ng vi nhiu ngun khc nhau cung cp mt h thng ton din v
cc kh nng hc E- learning m cho php cng hot ng tip cn, ti s dng lng kin thc
hc trn Web.
Cc tiu chun cho E-learning hng ti 5 nhm i tng nh sau:
Danh mc ni dung (Metadata): hay ni cch khc l d liu v d liu, Siu d
liu. L thng tin m t v ni dung ca mt kho hc E-learning. Metadata cho php cc nh
qun l, hc vin, cc k s thit k, ngi lp trnh v nhng ai quan tm ti lnh vc gio dc
o to c th nhn dng, lu tr, tm kim v ly ra cc n v tri thc.
ng gi ni dung (Content Packaging): Cc tiu chun v thng s v ng gi d
liu cho php chuyn ti cc kho hc t mt h thng ny ti mt h thng khc. Khi u v
tng ng gi ni dung c IMS, ADL vi m hnh SCORM.
H s hc vin (Learner Profile): Thng tin h s hc vin c th bao gm d liu c
nhn, k hoch hc tp, bn theo di qu trnh hc tp, cc yu cu truy nhp, bng cp v chng
ch t c, cc mc trnh , hiu bit ca hc vin t c trong thi im hin ti.
H s ng nhp (Learner Registation): Thng tin ng nhp cho php cc thnh
phn qun tr v phn phi bit c kh nng truy nhp ca mt ngi hc v cung cp thng tin
v cc hc vin ang kt ni cho h thng phn phi. C 2 t chc a ra tng v h s ng
nhp u tin l IMS v SIF (Schools Interoperability Framework).
Truyn thng ni dung (Content Communication): Khi ni dung c a ln h
thng E-learning, cn phi thng tin vi d liu ngi hc v cc thng tin v hot ng trc
i vi cc ni dung kho hc. i u trong tiu chun ny l SCORM trn c s cc m t chun
theo CMI ca AICC.
3.2.3. Hot ng ca h thng E-Learning
Cn c vo m hnh chc nng v m hnh h thng ca mt h thng E-Learning, ta c th
a ra mt m hnh cu trc ca h thng E-Learning nh sau: [ 6 ]
TS. Nguyn Quang Trung E-learning, Phng thc o to cho tng lai v gii php s
dng phn mm ngun m, Bo co khoa hc, Hc vin Cng ngh BCVT, 2004
139
Hnh 3.6 Cu trc in hnh cho e-Learning
Khi tham gia vo h thng E-Learning, mi thnh phn trong m hnh cu trc thc hin
mt nhim v, v tng tc gia chng l ng c cho gung my E-Learning hot ng:
Ging vin(A): cung cp ni dung kho hc cho phng xy dng ni dung (C) da trn
nhng hc tp kt qu d kin nhn t phng qun l o to (D). Ngoi ra, h s tham gia tng
tc vi hc vin (b) thng qua h thng qun l hc tp (LMS).
Hc vin (B): S dng cng thng tin ngi dng hc tp, trao i vi ging vin
(qua h thng LMS (2)), s dng cc cng c h tr hc tp.
Phng bin tp, xy dng chng trnh (C): Cc k thut vin m nhn trch nhim
xy dng, thit k bi ging in t theo chun SCORM (thit k kch bn, son tho ni dung, s
dng k thut tch hp multimedia xy dng bi ging). S dng h thng qun l LMS, k
thut vin ly ni dung bi ging t cc ging vin (A) v chuyn chng thnh cc bi ging in
t. Trong qu trnh xy dng, h c th s dng nhng n v kin thc c sn trong ngn hng
kin thc (I) hoc dng cc cng c thit k (4) thit k cc n v kin thc mi. Sn phm
cui cng l cc bi ging in t c a vo ngn hng bi ging in t (II).
Phng qun l o to (D): Cc chuyn vin m trch nhim v qun l vic o to
(qua h thng LMS-2). Ngoi ra thng qua h thng ny, h cn phi tp hp c cc nhu cu,
nguyn vng ca hc vin v chng trnh v ni dung hc tp lp nn nhng yu cu cho
140
i ng ging vin, to nn mt chu trnh kn gp phn lin tc cp nht, nng cao cht lng
ging dy.
Cng thng tin ngi dng (hay cn gi l users portal): Giao din chnh cho hc
vin (B), ging vin (A) cng nh cc phng (C) (D) truy cp vo h thng o to. Giao din ny
h tr truy cp qua Internet t my tnh c nhn hoc thm ch cc thit b di ng th h mi
(mobile).
H thng qun l ni dung LCMS-Learning Content Managerment System (1): ging
vin (A) v phng xy dng chng trnh (C) cng hp tc trong mi trng a ngi dng ny
xy dng ni dung bi ging in t. LCMS c kt ni vi cc ngn hng kin thc (I) v
ngn hng bi ging in t (II).
H thng qun l hc tp LMS - Learning Managerment System (2): Khc vi LCMS
ch tp trung vo xy dng v pht trin ni dung, LMS h tr cho vic hc tp cng nh qun l
hc tp ca hc vin. Cc dch v nh ng k, gip , kim tra... cng c tch hp vo y.
V vy LMS l giao din chnh cho hc vin hc tp cng nh phng qun l o to qun l vic
hc tp ca hc vin.
Cc cng c khc h tr hc tp (3): Bao gm cc cng c h tr cho vic hc tp ca
hc vin nh th vin in t, phng thc hnh o, tr chi v.v... Trn thc t chng c th c
tch hp vo h thng LMS.
Cc cng c thit k bi ging in t (4): Dng h tr vic xy dng v thit k bi
ging in t bao gm cc thit b dng cho studio (my nh, my quay phim, my ghi m...) cho
n cc phn mm chuyn dng x l multimedia cng nh thit k xy dng bi ging
in t v lp trnh. y chnh l nhng cng c chnh h tr cho phng xy dng chng
trnh (C).
Ngn hng kin thc (I): L c s d liu lu tr cc n v kin thc c bn, c th
c ti s dng trong nhiu bi ging in t khc nhau. Phng xy dng chng trnh (C) s
thng qua h thng LCMS (1) tm kim, chnh sa, cp nht cng nh qun l ngn hng d
liu ny.
Ngn hng bi ging in t (II): L c s d liu lu tr cc bi ging in t. Cc
hc vin s truy cp n c s d liu ny thng qua h thng LMS (2).
3.3.
PHNG PHP V QUI TRNH HC E-LEARNING
3.3.1. Yu cu cn c hc E-Learning
(1) Yu cu i vi t chc o to:
- H thng E-learning cn phi c nhn nhn mt cch tng th nh mt chin lc di hn
phc v cho vic o to b phn ln khch hng. Nu ch xy dng h thng vi mt s lng nh
ngi s dng th gi tr s dng s thp v v vy sm hay mun cng s gp phi nhng kh khn
141
- Ti liu o to cn phi p ng yu cu ca i tng s dng, ni cch khc: cn phi

xc nh r mc tiu v i tng o to t xy dng nhng chng trnh o to ph hp
cho tng i tng. Chng trnh o to cn phi theo st nhu cu thc t x hi v c xy dng
trn c s gn kt l thuyt vi thc hnh v h thng kim tra.
- Ti nguyn phc v cho o to cn phi c tch hp vi h thng qun l. Thc cht, Elearning khng ch n thun l mt trang thng tin vi cc bi ging tnh, m ngc li l mt
h thng hon chnh t khu cung cp bi ging cho n cc vn qun l h thng o to.
- Xy dng din dn trao i thng v h thng h tr hc vin sau khi hon thnh kho o
to. Kin thc trang b cho hc vin thu c trong mi kho hc mi ch dng li mc nht
nh, hc vin rt cn s trao i v h tr trong qu trnh vn dng thc t.
- Cn thit phi c s hp tc gia cc nh cung cp dch v o to gim thiu nhng chi
ph xy dng chng trnh o to. Cn xy dng mt hnh lang php l chng ch ca cc kho
o to theo m hnh o to E-learning c x hi cng nhn.
- Cn o to i ng ging vin v k thut vin xy dng bi ging, chun b sn ngun lc
cho s pht trin lu di ca h thng.
(2) Yu cu i vi hc vin:
tham gia cc kho hc E-Learning, ngoi vic phi trang b y cc thit b cn thit
nh: my tnh c kt ni internet, cc ti liu, gio trnh, a CD-Rom, cc hc vin cn cn c:
- Cc k nng v ngn ng: bi ni dung bi ging ch yu c trnh by bi mt ngn ng
nht nh nn yu cu ti thiu m hc vin cn c l c kh nng hiu ngn ng ca kho hc.
Chng hn: khng th tham gia kho hc v mng trn trang Web http://www.cisco.com nu bn
khng bit ting Anh.
- K nng nh my v s dng my tnh: hc vin phi c nhng k nng cn thit v my
tnh v mng nh: t ci t v s dng nhng phn mm c lin quan n bi hc, c kh nng
nh my, bit kt ni mng Internet v duyt Web.
- Tnh t gic: Do vic qun l cc kho hc E-Learning khng nh cc kho hc truyn
thng, gio vin khng trc tip ging bi v giao bi tp cho hc vin, bi vy hc vin t mnh
hc bi v lm bi tp, thm ch t kim tra kin thc v trnh ca mnh. Nu khng c tnh t
gic cao, hc vin kh c th nm bt c ni dung kho hc. nng cao cht lng hc tp, hc
vin cn phi t tm hiu thm cc ti liu c lin quan n kho hc, khng ngn ngi hc ni kinh
nghim nhng ngi i trc thng qua cc din n trn mng.
142
3.3.2. Qui trnh hc E-Learning
Bc 1: chun b my mc, ci t cc phn mm cn thit. Trang b kin thc c bn

v my tnh v mng.
Bc 2: Tm hiu v kho hc
Xc nh mc tiu: Hc lm g?
Xc nh r ng lc g thc y mnh tham gia kho hc, phi chng hc tha mn tnh
t m? chun b bt u mt ngh mi hay p ng c cc iu kin v bng cp?
Xc nh ni dung kha hc: Cn hc ci g?
Hc vin mun bit cc nguyn l, l thuyt tng qut v mt vn hay cn cc qui trnh
c th gii mt bi ton ring bit? Mun hc v mt ch chuyn su, hay ch l lm th no
thc hin c mt cng vic c nhn?
T nh gi bn thn: Trnh hin thi ca bn thn
Mi kho hc c yu cu khc nhau v trnh ban u ca hc vin. Ngoi cc k nng c
bn v s dng my tnh v mng, hc vin cn tm hiu k xem ni dung kho hc c ph hp
vi kin thc hin c ca mnh khng.
Xc nh thi gian v a im hc tp: Khi no th c th hc v hc u?
Vic xc nh thi gian v a im tham gia kho hc E-Learning l kh t do, tuy nhin
cng cn xc nh trc lp ra mt thi gian biu ph hp, m bo c th thng xuyn tham
gia cc bi ging theo ng lch trnh quy nh. Hin nay, c nhiu trung tm, t chc khc nhau
tham gia m cc kho o to E-Learning, ta cng cn la chn nn theo hc trung tm, t
chc no.
143
Bc 3: Hc
Sau khi c thc hin cc bc trn, ngi hc hnh dung kh r v kho hc mnh cn
v c thi gian, ni dung, cch thc hc tp. Vic cn li l: Hc nh th no c cht lng tt
nht? Cc bc cn tin hnh nh sau:
Tm hiu cc thut ng.
Vic khng hiu cc thut ng trong mt lnh vc no s khin cho vic hc tr nn kh
khn hn, c bit khi cc hc vin thch tham gia vo kho hc theo mt trnh t ph hp vi h
hn l mt trnh t bt buc. Khi xy dng cc bi ging, cc k s thit k cung cp sn mt
bng ch gii thut ng trc tuyn rt d dng tra cu. Bi vy, nm c ni dung kho hc,
hc vin nn tm hiu nh ngha ca cc thut ng ny ngay khi bt gp chng trong bi hc.
Xem xt ni dung kho.
Lt nhanh qua ni dung ton b kho hc xc nh xem phn no cn hc k, phn no
bit c th c qua tit kim thi gian. Bi ging in t thng c thit k ngi hc
d dng truy cp ni dung mong mun mt cch ngu nhin.
Khi hc bi, kt hp hc l thuyt vi vic theo di cc v d minh ho. T thc hin vi
cc tng tc trong bi hc.
Lm bi tp - cng c kin thc v k nng.
Sau khi hc l thuyt, cch tt nht kim tra kh nng nm bt bi hc l lm bi tp.
Thng th bi tp c chia thnh 2 loi: bi tp trc nghim - nhm cng c kin thc l thuyt,
bi tp thc hnh gip ngi hc c thm k nng trong vic gii quyt cc bi ton thc t c
lin quan n bi hc. Trong mi loi, cc bi tp c sp xp t d n kh. Bi vy, nn tin
hnh lm nhng bi d trc, kh sau.
Cn ch rng, bi tp a ra nhm to cho ngi hc c mt t duy su sc, khng phi
hiu vn mt cch nng cn hoc ch n gin l nhc li nh vt nhng t hc thuc lng.
Khi lm bi tp, hc vin cn phi:
Rn cho mnh mt phng php t duy phn tch hon thin nhng bi tp kh.
C kh nng vn dng c nhng kin thc hc gii quyt nhng tnh hung c th
trong thc t cuc sng.
xut c nhng tng mi hoc kt hp nhng tng ca nhiu ngi gii
quyt vn no .
Xem thm cc ti liu tham kho c lin quan n bi hc.
Thng th cc gio trnh, k c gio trnh trong lp hc truyn thng hay gio trnh in t,
ni dung thng c trnh by ngn gn, c ng. Nu ch hc theo gio trnh, s c nhiu vn
hc vin khng th hiu mt cch su sc, thm ch c nhiu thng tin mi hc vin s khng
c cp nht. V vy, bn cnh cc ti liu c cung cp sn, hc vin cn tm kim thm ti
liu c lin quan. Ngy nay, vi s h tr ca nhng trang Web tm kim nh www.google.com,
144
Thng xuyn tham gia cc din n giao lu, hc hi nhng ngi c nhiu kinh
nghim hn mnh.
Nn tn dng trit nhng bui tr chuyn trc tuyn trn mng vi cc gio vin hng
dn hoc cc chuyn gia, y l c hi hc vin a ra cu hi, nhng thc mc v tho lun
nhng lun im quan trng vi ging vin. Hc vin cng c th tn dng c hi ny c c
nhng li khuyn b ch t ging vin.
Bn cnh , hc vin lun c th gi email ti ging vin, bn hc hi v nhn cu tr
li. y l phng php rt hu hiu hi bi v hc vin c th thc hin ti bt c u, bt c
lc no.
Cc din n (forum) l ni hc vin khng ch hc hi kinh nghim m cn chia s nhng
kinh nghim ca bn thn vi mi ngi. Tham gia vo cc din n, hc vin s cm thy hng
th, b li cun vo mt tp th o, vic hc do s th v hn.
145
TM TT CHNG 3
Cc kin thc cn ghi nh trong chng ny:
146
Cc khi nim v E-Learning, c im ca E-Learning, s khc bit gia E-Learning

v gio dc truyn thng. Ti sao E-Learning l cng ngh gio dc cho tng lai? Liu
E-Learning c thay th hon ton gio dc truyn thng?.
Nm c m hnh, cu trc ca h thng E-Learning. Khi nim h thng qun l

ging dy v hc tp (LMS).
Cc yu cu cn c hc E-Learning, phng php v quy trnh hc E-Learning.
CU HI V BI TP
Cu 1:
E-Learning l vit tt ca:
Economic Learning
Electronic Learning
Electron Learning
Electronic mail Learning
Cu 2:
Cc bi ging a phng tin, tch hp hnh nh, m thanh bt u xut hin t:
Trc nm 1983
T nm 1984 n nm 1993
T nm 1994 n nm 1999
Mi t nm 2000 n nay.
Cu 3:
Mt cch y nht, E-Learning l:
Mt tp hp cc ng dng v qu trnh, nh hc qua Web, hc qua my , lp hc o

v s lin kt s
E-Learning ngha l vic hc s dng Internet.
E-learning l t hp ca cng ngh Internet v Web.
E-Learning l b my thit k, phn phi, chn la, qun l v m rng vic Hc.
Cu 4:
u khng phi l c im ca E-Learning
Cp nht
Khng gii hn bi khng gian thi gian.
Cc k hp dn v d tip cn.
Tin li, ngi hc khng cn phi trang b bt c th g vn c th hc tt.
Cu 5:
u l nhc im ca E-L i vi quan im ca c s o to:
147
Thi gian o to ko di hn kha hc truyn thng.
Yu cu cc k nng mi khin c s o to phi o to li.
Ngi hc vn cha tin tng vo hiu qu m kho hc E-Learning mang li
Chi ph o to cao, nht l khi t chc nhiu kho hc.
Cu 6:
u l u im ca E-L i vi quan im ca c s o to
Thi gian o to ngn.
Hc vin cn i li nhiu.
Chi ph pht trin mt kho hc rt ln.
Ging vin cn o to li p ng cch dy mi.
Cu 7:
u l u im ca E-L i vi quan im ca ngi hc
Chng trnh hc rt d dng, ai cng c th hc c.
c thng xuyn cp nht nhng kin thc mi.
D dng t kim tra kin thc ca mnh.
Vic hc rt bun t.
Cu 8:
u l nhc im ca E-L i vi quan im ca ngi hc
Phi thng tho cc k nng my tnh c bn.
Yu cu thc t gic hc tp ca c nhn cao.
Phi b tr thi gian hc tp c nh.
Tn nhiu thi gian i li.
Cu 9:
LMS l vit tt ca:
Large Management System
Learning Motion System
Learning Management System
Learning Manage System
Cu 11:
148
LCMS l vit tt ca:
Learning Content Management System
Learning Center Manage System
Large Content Management System
Learning Content Motion System
Cu 12:
Ni mt cch ngn gn, LMS l:
H thng qun l hc tp
Mt h thng dch v theo di ni dung hc tp ca ngi hc.
Mt h thng dch v phn phi ni dung hc tp
H thng ra thi v lu gi kt qu.
Cu 13:
u khng phi l chc nng ca LMS
To v qun l ni dung hc tp.
Ra thi.
Qun l vic phn phi v tm kim ni dung hc tp cho ngi hc.
Cung cp chc nng ngi qun tr c th ln thi kha biu cho gio vin.
Cu 14:
u khng phi l chc nng ca LCMS
Cho php ngi dng to ra v s dng li nhng n v ni dung nh trong kho d

liu trung tm.
Cho php t ng to bo co v chuyn n mn hnh ca ngi hc, ngi qun l

hoc ngi qun tr.
th chn.
Qun l cc qu trnh to ra v a ni dung hc tp ln mi trng s.

Cho php ngi qun tr ch r kha hc no l bt buc v kha hc no l c
Cu 15:
M hnh h thng E-L bao gm cc phn:
H tng truyn thng v mng
H tng phn mm
149
Ni dung o to (h tng thng tin)
i ng k s v ging vin cng ngh thng tin.
Cu 16:
Trong hot ng ca h thng E-L, gio vin c th:
Cung cp ni dung kho hc cho phng xy dng ni dung bi ging.
Tham gia tng tc vi hc vin thng qua h thng qun l hc tp (LMS).
Xy dng, thit k bi ging in t theo chun SCORM (thit k kch bn, son tho
ni dung, tch hp multimedia)
m trch nhim v qun l vic o to
Cu 17:
Trong hot ng ca h thng E-L, hc vin c th:
S dng cng thng tin ngi dng hc tp, trao i vi ging vin
S dng cc cng c h tr hc tp.
in t.
Ly ni dung bi ging t cc ging vin (A) v chuyn chng thnh cc bi ging

Thc hin cc bi test t kim tra kin thc.
Cu 18:
Trong hot ng ca h thng E-L, phng xy dng chng trnh c th:
Xy dng, thit k bi ging in t
Thit k cc n v kin thc mi
Cung cp ni dung kho hc
Trao i trc tip vi cc hc vin ly kin
Cu 19:
Trong hot ng ca h thng E-L, phng qun l o to c th:
Cung cp ni dung kho hc
Qun l vic o to
hc tp
Tp hp c cc nhu cu, nguyn vng ca hc vin v chng trnh v ni dung

Trc tip xy dng bi ging in t.
Cu 20:
150
Trong hot ng ca h thng E-L, LMS dng :
Xy dng, thit k ni dung bi ging.
Qun l vic hc tp ca hc vin.
H tr cho vic hc tp cng nh qun l hc tp ca hc vin.
L giao din trao i gia ging vin v hc vin.
Cu 21:
Trong hot ng ca h thng E-L, LCMS dng :
Xy dng, thit k ni dung bi ging
H tr vic hc tp, kim tra v nh gi kt qu hc tp.
Bo co nh gi kha hc
Cu 22:
Trong hot ng ca h thng E-L, ngn hng BGT dng :
C s d liu lu tr cc bi ging in t
C s d liu lu tr cc n v kin thc c bn.
Lm nhng cng c chnh h tr cho phng xy dng chng trnh.
Lm cng thng tin ngi dng hc tp, trao i vi ging vin.
Cu 23:
Yu cu cn c hc E-L i vi c s o to
Phi xc nh r mc tiu v i tng o to t xy dng nhng chng trnh

o to ph hp cho tng i tng.
Cn thit phi c s hp tc gia cc nh cung cp dch v o to gim thiu
nhng chi ph xy dng chng trnh o to
Tham gia din dn trao i thng v h thng h tr hc vin sau khi hon thnh
kho o to
Cn o to i ng ging vin v k thut vin xy dng bi ging
Cu 24:
Yu cu cn c hc E-L i vi hc vin
Trang b y cc thit b cn thit
Tnh t gic
K nng nh my v s dng my tnh
Tm kim c nh ti tr chnh thc c th duy tr v pht trin h thng.
151
Ph lc A: Cc thut ng vit tt
PH LC A: CC THUT NG VIT TT
Anonymous FTP serverhay anonymous ftp:

L cc my ch FTP khng i hi ngi s dng phi ng k trc. My ch i hi bn
g vo tn truy nhp l anonymous v password l E-mail ca bn.
ARPANET:
Mng th nghim ca B quc phng M, c xy dng vo nm 1969. y l mng
chuyn mch gi u tin v thc hin nhim v nh mng xng sng (backbone) ca Internet
trong nhiu nm.
Bps / kbps (Bits per second / kilobit per second):
n v o tc truyn thng tin. 1 kbps tng ng khong 125 k t mt giy.
CBT (Computer Based Training):
o to da trn my tnh.
DNS (Domain Name Service):
Dch v tra cu a ch IP da trn tn ca mt my tnh trong mng TCP/IP. DNS cho
php tm a ch da trn tn v tn theo a ch.
E-mail (Electronic - mail):
Th in t.
E-Learning (Electronic - Learning):
Hc in t - Gio dc in t.
Ethernet
Chun truyn thng tin trong mng cc b. c thit k Xerox Corporation. L mt
trong nhng chun c dng rng ri nht hin nay.
FTP: File Transfer Protocol
Mt giao thc chun dng gi file t mt my tnh ny n mt my tnh khc trn mng
TCP/IP trn internet.
HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language):
Ngn ng nh du siu vn bn, c s dng m t cc ti liu c truyn thng qua
World Wide Web.
IAP (Internet Access Provider):
Nh cung cp dch v kt ni, truy nhp Internet. Hin ti, Vit nam c duy nht mt IAP
l Cng ty VDC thuc Tng cng ty Bu chnh Vin thng Vit nam (VNPT)
ICP (Internet Content Provider):
Nh cung cp thng tin trn mng Internet. Tng cng ty Bu chnh Vin thng Vit Nam
VNPT cng l mt trong nhng ICP ti Vit Nam
151
Ph lc A: Cc thut ng vit tt
IP address:
S duy nht gn cho mt my mng TCP/IP c dng aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd. Bt k mt my tnh
no khi tham gia vo mng TCP/IP u phi c gn 1 a ch IP.
ISO (International Standard Organization):
T chc chun ho quc t
POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3):
Giao thc nhn th t my ch v my tnh ca ngi s dng.
PPP: Point to Point Protocol
Giao thc cung cp kh nng ti TCP/IP qua nhiu mi lin lc im - im. C th,
PPP cho php ngi dng in thoi lin lc vi internet ht nh h l ngi dng c ni
trc tip.
Packet:
Mt gi tin c lu chuyn trn mng. Packet thng thng bao gm a ch ni gi, ni
nhn, d liu, tng kim tra ...
TCP/IP: Transmision Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
L nghi thc mng ca Internet. TCP/IP l tn gi ca phn mng (network layer) v phn
lin kt (link layer) trong giao thc mng ny, nhng trn thc t khi ni TCP/IP ngi ta ngm
hiu c cc ng dng (th tc) mc cao hn nh Telnet, FTP, NNTP, WWW....
TCP
Th tc lin lc mc mng ca TCP/IP. TCP c nhim v m bo lin lc thng sut v
tnh ng n ca d liu gia 2 u ca kt ni, da trn cc gi tin IP.
TCP v UDP port
S dng phn bit cc dch v trn mng. Mt my tnh mun s dng dch v FTP t
mt server trn mng s gi yu cu n port c ng k cho dch v ny. Khng c mt quy
nh bt buc no gn c nh mt dch v cho mt port, tuy nhin theo truyn thng ngi ta
s dng port 21 cho FTP, 23 cho Telnet, 25 cho SMTP, 80 cho WWW ....
Telnet
Trm lm vic u cui (Terminal). T mt my PC t ti H ni ta c th Telnet vo mt
my PC khc t ti TP H Ch Minh v lm vic nh ang ngi ti my TP H Ch Minh.
UDP (User Datagram Protocol):
Th tc lin kt mc mng ca TCP/IP. Khc vi TCP, UDP khng m bo kh nng
thng sut ca d liu, cng khng c ch sa li. B li, UDP cho tc truyn d liu cao
hn TCP
URL (Uniform Resource Locator):
Tn nh danh thng nht mt ti liu hay dch v trn internet. URL c nh ngha v
ng dng trn cng ng World Wide Web
WWW (World Wide Web):
Dch v tra cu siu vn bn (hypertext).
152
Ph lc B: Lm th no hc t xa c hiu qu
PH LC B: LM TH NO HC T XA C HIU QU
Lm th no cung cp mt phng php cho php hc vin tip cn c vi cc kho

hc t xa sao cho tt hn, hc vin c giao cc loi bng video, bng audio, mng Internet, cc
ti liu in sn, hay cng kt hp tt c cc loi hnh ny. Thm ch nhng hc vin vn ang cn
hc trong trng i hc, i khi cng c php ng k tham d cc kho hc t xa, l cch
m hc vin pht trin hng ti bng cp. Bi hc ny a ra cc gi v cho thng tin v
nhiu ch , v d: cc k nng nghin cu, thng tin v vic t chc cc kho hc v gi
lm th no sp xp chng trnh cho hc vin nhng ngi mun tham d chng trnh o to
t xa.
Hy tm hiu y mc ch ca chng trnh o to
Kim tra trn trang web ca c s cung cp chng trnh o to. Hy dnh mt
khong thi gian thch ng xem ton b nhng ni dung gii thiu v c s o to, quy
ch hc, cc chng trnh kho hc trc khi bn mun ng k mua hoc tham gia hc tp.
Ch quyt nh khi bn hiu r mc ch v nh hng thnh cng ca kho hc ny.
c k cng kho hc
Chng trnh o to t xa cung cp y thng tin v kho hc, mt hc vin cn

thit phi hc hon chnh mt kho o to. Gm thng tin m t v kho hc, cc mc tiu
ca kho hc, v cc iu kin, cc bui hp mt, cc nhim v, v t chc thi st hch, loi
phng tin truyn thng v cng ngh s dng, lch hc hay thi gian biu v cng vic, v
b phn h tr thng tin lin lc.
Nhn bit cc cng c cn thit hon thnh cc nhim v
Trc khi bn ng k mt kho hc, m bo bn truy cp c vi cc cng c

cn thit hon thnh cc nhim v c giao. Cc cng c gip bn t chc cng vic v
trao i thng tin theo suy ngh ca bn r rng. Truy cp ti phng tin VCR, bng catset,
my Fax, my tnh vi y phn cng v modem cho php truyn dn theo a ch e-mail
l nhng iu kin khng th thiu cho nhiu lp hc t xa.
Tr nn thit thc hn
Bn khng cn phi hc theo lch trnh ca mt lp hc, m bn nn thc hin cc

cng vic hc thut thng xuyn. Nn nh bn phi mt t nht 2 gi nghin cu mi tun
cho mi tn ch credit bn ang hc. V th nu bn s khng c thi gian trong thi
kho biu c nhn hng tun, d nhin bn s nn lng.
t ra mc cc mc tiu tm thi v thi hn cho bn thn, v c nh chng
Nn c mt cun lch m t v cc tun hc trong mt k hc v nh du s lng

cng vic cn lm. nh du cc ngy khi bn ngh phi thi st hch, np cc bi lun, bi
kim tra, lin h vi ngi hng dn. ng bao gi khng ng thi hn ca chng trnh!
153
Lun nhc nh bn l bn s lun lun c gng nhiu lc gn cui kho hc hn l

lc khi u.
Xy dng cc mc tiu ca bn trong chng trnh nghin cu
Bit r thi gian nghin cu khi bn mi bt u nghin cu v th thc hin, c

nh nhng thi gian hng tun. Suy ngh v thi lng thi gian nghin cu Tit
kim thi gian. Nu bn mt qu nhiu th gi nghin cu, bn nn xem li thi kho biu.
Trnh b gin on khi tham d kho hc
Bn nn trnh khng b gin on v sao lng khi ban ang xem li mt chng trnh
hc qua video, ang nghe bng catset, ang c mt cun sch, ang lm vic trn my tnh,
hay ang nghin cu. Tt my in thoi di ng hoc nhc b t hp ra khi my in thoi
nu khng c ai tr li, ngoi bn.
Cc phng php nghin cu
Tm mt ni no trnh khng b sao lng. C th xem xt li cng vic c giaotruc hay hay sau cc gi hc v xem vo gi n tra - mt th vin cng cng, hay ti
phng ring nh bn.
Gi lin lc vi ngi gio vin
Lin lc vi ngi hng dn thng xuyn, c bit nhng thc mc v ni dung

cc ti liu. Ngi hng dn lun sn sng tr li qua phone, email, hay bn hn gp
trng hc. Bn cng c th tr li ngi hng dn bng mail hoc bng FAX.
Chun b hon thnh cc nhim v c giao v thi st hch
Trong qu trnh o to t xa, cc nhim v hc vin c giao c th lin quan n

vic s dng nhiu phng tin khc nhau: my in, cc bng video, audio, v mng Internet.
Nn nh bn khng nhng va c th quan st va c th nghe c. Bn ang hc o to t
xa qua nhng thng tin sn c trn cc phng tin khc nhau. Hy ghi chp li. Tng tng
ra cc cu hi s xut hin trong k st hch theo nh hng cho nghin cu ca bn, hay t
cc bi hc, t cc bng video, hay bng casset, hay t cc cng vic c giao ca kho hc
trn mng.
S dng tt cc k nng truyn thng
Cn thn tp trung vo cc hng dn v chc chn bn hiu ang b st hch khi

np cc nhim v c hon thnh. iu s gip bn pht trin c mt phn x cho
phc tho nhanh trc khi tr li cc cu hi khi cc nhim v c np thng qua bi
vit, qua email, thi ming hay trn bng video/audio.
nh gi s tin b ca bn thng xuyn
Bn c li cc mc tiu ca kho hc v cc tiu chun t ra thng xuyn xem

bn tin b nh th no.
154
Qui nh thi gian cho cc bi st hch "test" khn ngoan hn
Trc khi st hch, m bo bn hiu cc thng tin c lin quan n cc nhim v

ca kho hc m s l c s cho mt bi st hch c th.
Tm mt s ngi bn thn tin cho vic nghin cu
Nu thy cn phi nghin cu vi nhiu hc vin khc ln hc, ngh ngi

hng dn gip tm kim cc hc vin khc, ngi c th hp tc lm vic, hc tp vi bn.
Tho lun v tin b ca bn
Hi ngi hng dn vi cc mc ch khc nhau trong mi k hc bn tin b

nh th no. Cng ngh s gip v ch r ra bt c phn no bn thy kh v cha r.
p dng nhng k thut th gin tp trung tt hn
Cc k thut th gin c th a li nhng ch li cho vic hc: c mt s phng php nh
tng tp trung, tng cng tp trung cao , v gim bun chn. Mt s k thut hi phc
thng thng gm: th su, th dn ko cng, v nghe cc loi nhc m du.
155
Ph lc C: p n cu hi v bi tp
PH LC C: P N CU HI V BI TP
CHNG 1
Cu 1:
Mng Ineternet ra i vo nm no? Trnh by lch s pht trin ca Internet.
b) 1969
Cu 2:
Dch v Ineternet c chnh thc cung cp ti Vit nam vo nm no?.
c) 1997
Cu 3:
Arpa net l?
Cu 4:
Ethernet l?
Cu 5:
2 mng c th kt ni vi nhau th:
c) Cn c 2 iu kin a) v b)
Cu 6:
Cc quy tc iu khin, qun l vic truyn thng my tnh c gi l :
b) Cc giao thc
Cu 7:
Cc thit b thng dng kt ni cc mng trn Internet
a) Router
Cu 8:
TCP/IP l
b) 1 b giao thc
Cu 9:
Giao thc c dng ch yu trn Internet? Trnh by v giao thc .
c) TCP/IP
Cu 10:
TCP c my tng?
156
b) 4 tng
Cu 11:
M hnh OSI c my tng? Trnh by v m hnh OSI v cc tng ca TCP/IP?
d) 7 tng
Cu 12:
Cc tng no di y khng thuc giao thc TCP/IP ?
a) Tng truy cp mng
c) Tng Internet
d) Tng giao vn
Cu 13:
Trong cc thut ng di, nhng thut ng no ch b giao thc?
a) TCP/TCP
b) NetBEUI
d) IPX/SPX
Cu 14:
Trong cc thut ng di y, nhng thut ng no KHNG ch dch v Inetrnet
a) WWW (World Wide Web)
b) Chat
c) E-mail
Cu 15:
(Xem ti liu)
Cu 16:
Hy chn ng cc nh cung cp dch v Internet v nu tn y ca t vit tt
a) IAP
b) ISP
d) ICP
Cu 17:
Phng php kt ni Internet no ph bin nht i vi ngi dng ring l?
c) Kt ni qua modem
Cu 18:
Trnh by v a ch IP. Nhng cu trc a ch IP no di y l ng ? Ti sao?
b) 192.168.1.0
d) 172.193.0.0
157
Cu 19:
Mc ch chnh ca vic a ra tn min
a) D nh
Cu 20:
H thng tn min c t chc theo
b) Phn cp hnh cy
Cu 21:
Internet Explorer l
b) Trnh duyt web dng hin th cc trang web trn Internet
Cu 23:
Ngn ng nh du siu vn bn c vit tt l? Trnh by v ngn ng nh du siu vn bn.
c) WWW
Cu 24:
Ngn ng nh du siu vn bn
a) L 1 ngn ng lp trnh h thng rt mnh
b) L 1 ngn ng lp trnh ng dng rt mnh
c) L ngn ng n gin, s dng cc th to ra cc trang vn bn hn hp
d) Khng phi ngn ng lp trnh
CHNG 2
Cu 1:
WWW l vit tt ca?
World Wide Web
Cu 2:
Trang Web l?
L trang siu vn bn phi hp gia vn bn thng thng vi hnh nh, m thanh,

video v c cc mi lin kt n cc trang siu vn bn khc.
Cu 3:
Chng trnh thng c s dng xem cc trang Web c gi l?
Trnh duyt Web
Cu 4:
xem mt trang Web, ta g a ch ca trang vo:
158
Thanh a ch ca trnh duyt
Cu 5:
Nt Back trn cc trnh duyt Web dng ?
Quay tr li trang Web trc
Cu 6:
Nt Forward trn cc trnh duyt Web dng ?
Cu 7:
Nt Home trn cc trnh duyt Web dng ?
Tr v trang nh ca bn
Cu 8:
Mun lu cc a ch yu thch (Favorites), s dng chc nng:
Add to Favorite
Cu 9:
Mun xem 1 trang Web offline c lu trn my cc b th:
Chn File > Work Offline
Cu 10:
Mun sao lu mt trang Web ln my tnh c nhn th:
Chn File > Save As
Cu 11:
kt ni Internet thng qua mng cc b (LAN), khng cn thng tin no:
a ch IP my ch Proxy
Card mng v ung kt ni n my ch Proxy
Cu 12:
thit lp a ch Proxy, khng cn thc hin thao tc no trong cc thao tc sau:
Chn th Connection trong hp thoi Internet Option
Nhn vo nt LAN Settings
Nhp cc thng s do ngi qun tr mng cung cp.
Cu 13:
kt ni Internet thng qua ng in thoi, khng cn thng tin no:
Ci t modem
To kt ni mng
159
Cu 14:
ci t modem, khng cn thc hin thao tc no:
Chn biu tng Modem trong ca s Control Panel
Chn Install New Modem
Chn tn v b ci driver cho Modem.
Cu 15:
son hoc c E-mail, th trc tin phi kt ni Internet
ng
Cu 16:
Khi kt ni Internet qua in thoi, chng ta c phi tr cc ph in thoi ng di, cc ph
lin lc quc t hay khng?
C, v kt ni Internet l lin lc ng di
Cu 17:
Khi mun thay i nh cung cp Internet (ISP) c cn phi thay i s in thoi truy nhp hay
khng?
C, v cc ISP cng chnh l nh cung cp dch v in thoi, h s khng chp nhn

mt s in thoi ca nh cung cp khc.
Cu 18:
Phng php kt ni Internet ang ph bin nht ti Vit Nam?
ADSL
Cu 21:
Th in t dng :
Gi th thng qua mi trng Internet
Cu 22:
Mun s dng th in t trc ht phi:
Cu 23:
Mun m hp th lp phi:
Cung cp chnh xc ti khon ng k cho my ch th in t
Cu 24:
tr li th, s dng nt:
Relpy
Cu 25:
chuyn tip th, dng nt
160
Forward
Cu 26:
Folder Outbox hoc Unsent Message ca E-mail cha :
Cc th son hoc cha gi i
Cu 27:
Khi mt dng ch trong th ta nhn c bt u bng ch RE:, th thng thng th l:
Th tr li cho th m ta nhn t mt ai
Cu 28:
Khi nhn c bn tin " Mail undeliverable" c ngha l
Th c gi i, nhng khng ti c ngi nhn
Cu 29:
Mun ly 1 tp t Internet v lu tr trn my cc b, s dng dch v:
Ti tp tin
Cu 30:
Mun trao i trc tuyn vi ngi dng khc trn mng, s dng dch v:
Hi thoi
Cu 31:
Khi s dng Instant Messager, mun chat vi 1 ngi cha c trong danh sch, thc hin:
Nhn vo nt Add
Cu 32:
Mun chat vi 1 ngi trong danh sch, thc hin:
Nhn vo nt Chat
Cu 33:
c th Chat bng m thanh (Voice), c hai ngi tham gia phi c:
Phn mm tng thch nhau, mt Card m thanh, Microphone, v cc loa (hay

headphone)
Cu 34:
Mt chatroom vi nhng bn hc cng lp c th coi nh mt lp hc o ?
ng
Cu 35:
Mt din n trn Internet dng :
Cc thnh vin c th trao i, hc hi v nhiu lnh vc c cng s quan tm.
Cu 36:
Tham gia vo din n, bn c th:
C nhng ngi bn cng ch hng
Tm kim v chia s nhng thng tin b ch
Ni vng tay ln
Giao lu trc tuyn
161
CHNG 3
Cu 1:
E-Learning l vit tt ca:
Electronic Learning
Cu 2:
Cc bi ging a phng tin, tch hp hnh nh, m thanh bt u xut hin t:
T nm 1984 n nm 1993
Cu 3:
Mt cch y nht, E-Learning l:
Mt tp hp cc ng dng v qu trnh, nh hc qua Web, hc qua my , lp hc o

v s lin kt s
Cu 4:
u khng phi l c im ca E-Learning
Cp nht
Khng gii hn bi khng gian thi gian.
Cc k hp dn v d tip cn.
Cu 5:
u l nhc im ca E-L i vi quan im ca c s o to:
Yu cu cc k nng mi khin c s o to phi o to li.
Ngi hc vn cha tin tng vo hiu qu m kho hc E-Learning mang li
Cu 6:
u l u im ca E-L i vi quan im ca c s o to
Thi gian o to ngn.
Chi ph pht trin mt kho hc rt ln.
Cu 7:
u l u im ca E-L i vi quan im ca ngi hc
c thng xuyn cp nht nhng kin thc mi.
D dng t kim tra kin thc ca mnh.
Cu 8:
u l nhc im ca E-L i vi quan im ca ngi hc
162
Phi thng tho cc k nng my tnh c bn.
Yu cu thc t gic hc tp ca c nhn cao.
Cu 9:
LMS l vit tt ca:
Learning Management System
Cu 11:
LCMS l vit tt ca:
Learning Content Management System
Cu 12:
Ni mt cch ngn gn, LMS l:
H thng qun l hc tp
Cu 13:
u khng phi l chc nng ca LMS
To v qun l ni dung hc tp.
Qun l vic phn phi v tm kim ni dung hc tp cho ngi hc.
Cung cp chc nng ngi qun tr c th ln thi kha biu cho gio vin.
Cu 14:
u khng phi l chc nng ca LCMS
Cho php ngi dng to ra v s dng li nhng n v ni dung nh trong kho d

liu trung tm.
Qun l cc qu trnh to ra v a ni dung hc tp ln mi trng s.
Cu 15:
M hnh h thng E-L bao gm cc phn:
H tng truyn thng v mng
H tng phn mm
Ni dung o to (h tng thng tin)
Cu 16:
Trong hot ng ca h thng E-L, gio vin c th:
Cung cp ni dung kho hc cho phng xy dng ni dung bi ging.
Tham gia tng tc vi hc vin thng qua h thng qun l hc tp (LMS).
Cu 17:
Trong hot ng ca h thng E-L, hc vin c th:
S dng cng thng tin ngi dng hc tp, trao i vi ging vin
S dng cc cng c h tr hc tp.
Thc hin cc bi test t kim tra kin thc.
163
Cu 18:
Trong hot ng ca h thng E-L, phng xy dng chng trnh c th:
Xy dng, thit k bi ging in t
Cu 19:
Trong hot ng ca h thng E-L, phng qun l o to c th:
Qun l vic o to
Tp hp c cc nhu cu, nguyn vng ca hc vin v chng trnh v ni dung

hc tp
Cu 20:
Trong hot ng ca h thng E-L, LMS dng :
H tr cho vic hc tp cng nh qun l hc tp ca hc vin.
L giao din trao i gia ging vin v hc vin.
Cu 21:
Trong hot ng ca h thng E-L, LCMS dng :
Xy dng, thit k ni dung bi ging
Cu 22:
Trong hot ng ca h thng E-L, ngn hng BGT dng :
C s d liu lu tr cc bi ging in t
Cu 23:
Yu cu cn c hc E-L i vi c s o to
Phi xc nh r mc tiu v i tng o to t xy dng nhng chng trnh

o to ph hp cho tng i tng.
Cn thit phi c s hp tc gia cc nh cung cp dch v o to gim thiu

nhng chi ph xy dng chng trnh o to
Tham gia din dn trao i thng v h thng h tr hc vin sau khi hon thnh
kho o to
Cn o to i ng ging vin v k thut vin xy dng bi ging
Cu 24:
Yu cu cn c hc E-L i vi hc vin
164
Trang b y cc thit b cn thit
Tnh t gic
K nng nh my v s dng my tnh
Ti liu tham kho
TI LIU THAM KHO
1. Nguyn Th Hng, Internet v i sng, Nh xut Bn Thng K, 2002

2. Patrick Vincent, Internet ton tp Hng dn thao tc v ng dng thc t, Nh Xut
Bn Tr, TP. H Ch Minh, 1997
3. ITU, DGPT: Workshop on Mediadevelopment and Utilization for Distance Education,
PTTC1, H ni -Vit Nam, 17-27/7/1996.
4. Gio trnh: C bn v s dng Internet, Vin Cng ngh Thng tin-i hc Quc gia
H Ni.
5. Gio trnh Thit k v qun tr Web tng quan Portal, Ban iu hnh n 112, H Ni2004.
6. Gio trnh Qun tr mng v cc thit b mng, Ban iu hnh n 112, H Ni - 2004.
7. Thit k v xut bn Web vi HTML V XHTML, Quang Bnh - Phng H, Nh
Xut Bn Thng K, 1999
8. "T hc Internet - 24 bi hc cn bn", Nguyn Anh Dng, Nguyn Tm, Nh xut Bn
Thng K, 2000
9. Website : http://www.vnnic.net
10. Website : http://www.mpt.gov.vn
11. Website : http://home.vnn.vn
12. WWebsite : http://www.vnn.vn
13. Website : http://www.glreach.com/globstats/
14. Website : http://global-reach.biz/globstats/refs.php3
15. Website : http://www.internic.net
16. "T hc Internet - 24 bi hc cn bn", Nguyn Anh Dng, Nguyn Tm, Nh xut bn
thng k- 2000
17. Website: http://www.caonetwork.com/
18. Website: http://support.vnn.vn/
19. Website: http://support.fpt.vn/
20. Website: http://www.veia.org.vn
21. Website: http://www.echip.com.vn
22. Website : http://www.pclehoan.com
165
Ti liu tham kho
23. Website: http://unix.webproxy.vnn.vn

24. Cc cng ngh o to t xa v E-Learning - Bi Thanh Giang, Chu Quang Ton, o
Quang Chiu, NXB Bu in, 2004
25. Website: http://www.learningcircuits.org
26. K yu hi tho quc gia ln th VII Mt s vn chn lc ca Cng ngh thng tin v
truyn thng. Ch Gio dc in t (E-Learning), 8/2004
27. Website: http://www.austrainer.com/e-learning/history-of-e-learning.htm
28. Website: http://www.e-learningcentre.co.uk/eclipse/Resources/whatise.htm
29. Website: http://www.veia.org.vn/vn/index1.asp?file=info323.htm&fld=news_tn
30. K yu Hi tho khoa hc Gio dc m v o to t xa - Hin trng v trin vng
Vin i hc m H Ni, 11 - 1998
31. Xiaofie v cng s: "An implementable architecture of an E-learning system", University
of Ottawa;
32. "Getting Started with E-learning", website: http://www.marcomedia.com
166
Mc lc
MC LC
CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V INTERNET ..........................................................................5
1.1. KHI QUT ..............................................................................................................5
1.1.1. . Lch s pht trin .................................................................................................5
1.1.2. Internet l g ? ........................................................................................................7
1.1.3. Cc nh cung cp dch v Internet.........................................................................13
1.2. KHI NIM V NH NGHA ...............................................................................15
1.2.1. Cc phng thc kt ni........................................................................................15
1.2.2. a ch IP v tn min ...........................................................................................16
1.2.3. Web v HTML.......................................................................................................20
1.2.4. Gii thiu v cc dch v ch yu trn Internet .....................................................25
TM TT NI DUNG CHNG 1..................................................................................31
T
Cu hi v bi tp.......................................................................................................32
CHNG 2: CC DCH V THNG DNG TRN INTERNET .......................................37
2.1. DCH V WWW .......................................................................................................37
2.1.1. Gii thiu chung ....................................................................................................37
2.1.2. Thc hnh s dng chng trnh INTERNET EXPLORER.................................38
2.2. KT NI INTERNET ...............................................................................................42
2.2.1. Gii thiu chung ....................................................................................................42
2.2.2. Kt ni thng qua mng cc b .............................................................................42
2.2.3. Kt ni thng qua ng in thoi ......................................................................43
2.3. TM KIM THNG TIN TRN INTERNET...........................................................62
2.3.1. Tm kim theo cc trang lin kt ...........................................................................62
2.3.2. Tm kim theo cu iu kin .................................................................................62
2.3.3. a ch SEARCH.NETNAM.VN vi chc nng tm kim thng tin....................63
2.3.4. a ch WWW.GOOGLE.COM vi chc nng tm kim thng tin......................66
2.4. DCH V TH IN T .........................................................................................72
2.4.1. Gii thiu chung ....................................................................................................72
2.4.2. S dng chng trnh th in t ti a ch Vol.vnn.vn ......................................72
2.4.3. S dng chng trnh th in t ti a ch MAIL.YAHOO.COM ....................79
2.5. DCH V TI TP TIN ............................................................................................92
2.6. DCH V CHAT .......................................................................................................94
2.6.1. Hng dn s dng Yahoo Messenger..................................................................95
2.6.2. Thm mt ngi bn hi thoi...............................................................................96
2.6.3. Gi bn tin ti ngi bn hi thoi........................................................................98
2.6.4. Chatroom ...............................................................................................................99
2.6.5. Cc thao tc vi nhm bn hi thoi .....................................................................100
2.7. DIN N.................................................................................................................101
167
Mc lc
2.7.1. ng k..................................................................................................................101
2.7.2. ng nhp..............................................................................................................103
2.7.3. ng, gi bi .........................................................................................................104
2.7.4. Tm kim................................................................................................................106
2.7.5. Danh sch thnh vin.............................................................................................107
2.7.6. Hi p...................................................................................................................108
2.7.7. Bn tin....................................................................................................................108
2.7.8. Gi th...................................................................................................................110
2.7.9. Thng tin c nhn ..................................................................................................111
2.7.10. Chat......................................................................................................................112
TM TT NI DUNG CHNG 2 ..................................................................................114
CU HI V BI TP ......................................................................................................115
CHNG 3 - GIO DC IN T (E-LEARNING) ..........................................................122
3.1. KHI QUT CHUNG ...............................................................................................122
3.1.1. Lch s pht trin ...................................................................................................122
3.1.2. E-Learning l g? ...................................................................................................123
3.1.3. c im ca E-Learning ......................................................................................126
3.2. CU TRC CA MT H THNG E-LEARNING ..............................................129
3.2.1. M hnh chc nng ................................................................................................129
3.2.2. M hnh h thng...................................................................................................135
3.2.3. Hot ng ca h thng E-Learning ......................................................................139
3.3. PHNG PHP V QUI TRNH HC E-LEARNING..........................................141
3.3.1. Yu cu cn c hc E-Learning ........................................................................141
3.3.2. Qui trnh hc E-Learning.......................................................................................143
Tm tt ni dung chng 3 ...................................................................................145
Cu hi v bi tp ......................................................................................................146
168

Nhap Mon Internet Va E-Learning

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BI GING

Ths. Nguyn Duy Phng

Chng 1: Tng quan v Internet

0 CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V INTERNET

Cc kin thc tng quan v Internet, lch s pht trin

Cu trc ca Internet, cc giao thc trn Internet, v.v

nm c ni dung ca chng ny mt cch tt nht, ngi c cn c mt s vn t

1.1.1. Lch s pht trin

Chng 1: Tng quan v Internet

ARPANET l mt mng th nghim phc v cc nghin cu quc phng. Mt trong nhng

C th tip tc hot ng ngay khi c nhiu kt ni b h hng.

Phi m bo cc my tnh vi cc phn cng khc nhau u c th s dng mng.

C kh nng t ng iu chnh hng truyn thng tin, b qua nhng phn b

C c tnh l mng ca cc mng my tnh, ngha l c kh nng m rng lin kt

Ban u, my tnh v ng lin lc c kh nng x l rt chm, vi ng dy di th tc

Chng 1: Tng quan v Internet

Hnh 1.1: S lch s pht trin Internet

1.1.2.1. Cu trc mng Internet

Chng 1: Tng quan v Internet

Hnh 1.2: Hai mng Net 1 v Net 2 kt ni thng qua Router R.

Hnh 1.3: 3 Mng kt ni vi nhau thng qua 2 router

Nh vy, Router R1 phi chuyn tt c cc gi thng tin n mt my nm mng Net 2

Chng 1: Tng quan v Internet

(a) Mng Internet di con mt ngi s dng.

(b) Kin trc tng qut ca mng Internet.

Hnh 1.4: Kin trc tng th ca Internet

Chng 1: Tng quan v Internet

1.1.2.2. Gii thiu cc giao thc kt ni mng

Chng 1: Tng quan v Internet

Mt chun TCP/IP l mt h thng cc quy nh qun l vic trao i trn cc mng

B lc TCP/IP l mt phn mm c chc nng cho php mt my tnh ho vo mng

Mc ch ca cc chun TCP/IP l nhm m bo tnh tng thch ca tt c b lc

TCP/IP bao gm bn tng nh sau :

Chng 1: Tng quan v Internet

cp n cc mng rng ln hn, kt ni t nhiu LAN. To s gn kt gia a ch vt l v

Chng 1: Tng quan v Internet

Hnh 1.5: Mi quan h gia OSI v TCP/IP

1.1.3. Cc nh cung cp dch v Internet

Chng 1: Tng quan v Internet

ISP dng ring

Hnh 1.6: Cc phng thc kt ni Internet ph bin.

Chng 1: Tng quan v Internet

Mi lin quan gia cc IAP-ISP-ICP- USER c m t tng qut theo s sau:

Leased line: Knh

KHI NIM V NH NGHA

1.2.1. Cc phng thc kt ni

Chng 1: Tng quan v Internet

Chng 1: Tng quan v Internet

V d: My ch Web Server ca VNNIC c a ch l 203.162.57.101, tn min ca n l

Chng 1: Tng quan v Internet

My ch qun l tn min cc b s hi my ch qun l tn min google.com ny a

Hnh 1.8: T chc ca h thng qun l tn min

c) Cu to tn min (Domain Name): qun l cc my t ti nhng v tr vt l khc

Chng 1: Tng quan v Internet

www. yahoo.com 204.23.43.121 -> a ch IP

Phn loi theo t chc

Hnh 1.9: S phn cp ca tn min

Chng 1: Tng quan v Internet

Di y l cc tn min thng dng :

Cc t chc thng mi, doanh nghip (Commercial)

Cc t chc gio dc ( Education)

Cc t chc chnh ph (Government)

Cc t chc Quc t (International Organisations)