CODE V M PHONG

Bi 1.1
x=-5:.1:5;
Px=exp(-x.^2/2)/sqrt(2*pi);
plot(x,Px);
title('Phan bo xac suat Gauss');
xlabel('x');
ylabel('P(x)');

FIGURE:

Bi 1.2
len=100000;%Do dai qua trinh ngau nhien
x=randn(1,len);%Tao qua trinh ngau nhien theo pp chuan
step=.1;%step=0.1
k=-5:step:5;%Khoang xet tu -5 den 5, cach deu 0.1
px=hist(x,k)/len/step;%Ham phan bo xac suat
stem(k,px);
Px_lythuyet=exp(-k.^2/2)/sqrt(2*pi);%Ham phan bo xac suat ly thuyet
hold on;
plot(k,Px_lythuyet);
title('Phan bo xac suat Gauss');
xlabel('x');

ylabel('P(x)');
legend('Mo phong','Ly thuyet');
hold off;

FIGURE:

Hm lquan.m
function [indx, qy]= lquan(x,xmin,xmax,nbit)
nlevel=2.^nbit;
q=(xmax-xmin)./nlevel;
[indx, qy]=quantiz(x,xmin+q:q:xmax-q,xmin+q/2:q:xmax-q/2);

Bi 2.1
xs=rand(1,5)*2-1;
[xi, xq]=lquan(xs,-1,1,3)

Bi 2.2
t=0:.1:20;
xt=sin(rand()+t).*cos(rand()*t);
[inx, xqt]=lquan(xt,-1,1,randint(1,1,3)+2);
plot(t,xt,'b',t,xqt,'r');
grid on;
title('Do thi cua tin hieu');
xlabel('t');
legend('xt','xqt');

FIGURE:

Bi 3.1
N=1000;
x=2*rand(1,N)-1;%Phan bo deu tu -1 den 1
nbit=1:10;%So bit luong tu tu 1 den 10
SNqR=zeros(size(nbit));%Khoi tao mang SNqR chua kqua
SNqR_lt=6.02*nbit;%Mang SNqR theo ly thuyet
Ps=sum(x.^2)/N;%Cong suat tin hieu
for i=1:size(nbit,2)%Tra ve so cot cua nbit
[xi, xq]=lquan(x,-1,1,nbit(i));
eq=x-xq;
Pq=sum(eq.^2)/N;
SNqR(i)=10*log10(Ps/Pq);
end
plot(nbit,SNqR,'b',nbit,SNqR_lt,'r');
xlabel('nbit');
ylabel('SNqR');
legend('Thuc te','Ly thuyet');

FIGURE:

Bi 3.2
N=1000;
x=sin(linspace(1,5,N));%Tin hieu dieu hoa
nbit=1:10;%So bit luong tu tu 1 den 10
SNqR=zeros(size(nbit));%Khoi tao mang SNqR chua kqua
SNqR_lt=6.02*nbit;%Mang SNqR theo ly thuyet
Ps=sum(x.^2)/N;%Cong suat tin hieu
for i=1:size(nbit,2)%Tra ve so cot cua nbit
[xi, xq]=lquan(x,-1,1,nbit(i));%
eq=x-xq;
Pq=sum(eq.^2)/N;
SNqR(i)=10*log10(Ps/Pq);
end
plot(nbit,SNqR,'b',nbit,SNqR_lt,'r');
xlabel('nbit');
ylabel('SNqR');
legend('Thuc te','Ly thuyet');

FIGURE:

SNqR ly thuyet va thuc te

Bi 4.1
L=500;
x=randn(1,L);
n=-(L-1):1:(L-1);
acorr_x=xcorr(x);%Tinh tu tuong quan
plot(n,acorr_x,'m');
hold on;
x=linspace(-1,1,L);%Bien do tang dan
n=-(L-1):1:(L-1);
acorr_x=xcorr(x);
plot(n,acorr_x,'r');
x=sin(linspace(-10,10,L));%Tin hieu sin
n=-(L-1):1:(L-1);
acorr_x=xcorr(x);
plot(n,acorr_x,'.');
legend('randn','linspace','sin(linspace)');
xlabel('n');
ylabel('acorr(x)');
title('Ham tu tuong quan');
hold off;

FIGURE:

Bi 4.2
N=200;
L=50;
x=rand(1,L);
acorr_x=xcorr(x);
k=0:N-1;
fx=fft(x,N);%DFT tin hieu x
esd_x=abs(fx).^2;%Mat do pho nang luong
ft_acorr_x=fft(acorr_x,N).*exp(1i*2*pi/N*k*(L-1));%Pho ham tu tuong quan
subplot(2,1,1);
semilogy(k*2/N,esd_x);
title('Mat do pho nang luong');
xlabel('k*2/N');
ylabel('S(k)');
subplot(2,1,2);
semilogy(k*2/N,real(ft_acorr_x),'r');
title('Mat do pho nang luong theo tu tuong quan');
xlabel('k*2/N');
ylabel('Rxx(k)');

FIGURE:

Bi 5.1
len=100000;%Do dai dong bit mo phong
SNR_db=0:2:8;%Tao vecto SNR_db = 0 2 4 6 8
SNR=10.^(SNR_db/10);%Doi SNR tu Decibel sang lan
bsignal=randint(1,len);%Dong bit ngau nhien do dai len
NRZ_signal=bsignal*2-1;%Bien doi dong bit 0 1 sang -1 1
N0=1./SNR;
for i=1:length(SNR_db)
noise=sqrt(N0(i))*randn(1,len);%Tao tap am
r_signal=NRZ_signal + noise;%Tin hieu NRZ phia thu
NRZ_decoded=sign(r_signal);%Giai ma tin hieu NRZ
[num,rat]=symerr(NRZ_decoded,NRZ_signal);
BER(i)=rat;
end
plot(SNR_db,BER,'bo--');
title('Ti le loi bit BER voi ti le tin hieu tren tap am
SNR');
xlabel('SNR__db');
ylabel('BER');

FIGURE:

Bi 5.2
len=100000;%Do dai dong bit mo phong
SNR_db=0:2:8;%Tao vecto SNR_db = 0 2 4 6 8
SNR=10.^(SNR_db/10);%Doi SNR tu Decibel sang lan
bsignal=randint(1,len);%Dong bit ngau nhien do dai len
NRZ_signal=bsignal*2-1;%Bien doi dong bit 0 1 sang -1 1
N0=1./SNR;
for i=1:length(SNR_db)
noise=sqrt(N0(i))*randn(1,len);%Tao tap am
r_signal=NRZ_signal + noise;%Tin hieu NRZ phia thu
NRZ_decoded=sign(r_signal);%Giai ma tin hieu NRZ
[num,rat]=symerr(NRZ_decoded,NRZ_signal);
BER(i)=rat;
end
plot(SNR_db,BER,'bo--');
title('So sanh BER voi ly thuyet Pe')
xlabel('SNR__db');
ylabel('BER');
hold on;
SNR=0:2:8;
Pe=1./2.*(1-erf(sqrt(10.^(SNR/10)./2)));%Tinh Pe
plot(SNR,Pe,'r');
hold off;

FIGURE:

Bi 6.1
len=500000;
x=randint(1,len);
for i=1:2:len;
switch x(i)
case 0
if x(i+1)==1
qpsk_signal((i+1)/2)=exp(j*5*pi/4)*sqrt(2);
else qpsk_signal((i+1)/2)=exp(j*3*pi/4)*sqrt(2);
end
case 1
if x(i+1)==1
qpsk_signal((i+1)/2)=exp(j*7*pi/4)*sqrt(2);
else qpsk_signal((i+1)/2)=exp(j*pi/4)*sqrt(2);
end
end
end
plot(qpsk_signal,'+');
title('Bieu do chom sao QPSK');
xlabel('\phi(t)');
hold on;
t=0:0.01:2*pi;
plot(sqrt(2)*exp(j*t),'r--');
hold off;

FIGURE:

Bi 6.2
len=50000;
x=randint(1,len);
for i=1:2:len;
switch x(i)
case 0
if x(i+1)==1
qpsk_signal((i+1)/2)=exp(j*5*pi/4)*sqrt(2);
else qpsk_signal((i+1)/2)=exp(j*3*pi/4)*sqrt(2);
end
case 1
if x(i+1)==1
qpsk_signal((i+1)/2)=exp(j*7*pi/4)*sqrt(2);
else qpsk_signal((i+1)/2)=exp(j*pi/4)*sqrt(2);
end
end
end
SNR=6;
Es=std(qpsk_signal).^2;
N0=Es/(10^(SNR/10));
noise=sqrt(N0/2).*(randn(1,length(qpsk_signal))+j.*randn(1,length(qpsk_signal
)));
qpsk=qpsk_signal+noise;
plot(qpsk,'.');

hold on;
plot(qpsk_signal,'y+');
hold on;
t=0:0.01:2*pi;
plot(sqrt(2)*exp(j*t),'y--');
legend('Co nhieu','K nhieu');
hold off;

FIGURE:

QPSK co nhieu

Bi 7
len=50000;
x=randint(1,len);
for i=1:2:len;
switch x(i)
case 0
if x(i+1)==1
qpsk_signal((i+1)/2)=exp(j*5*pi/4)*sqrt(2);
else qpsk_signal((i+1)/2)=exp(j*3*pi/4)*sqrt(2);
end
case 1
if x(i+1)==1
qpsk_signal((i+1)/2)=exp(j*7*pi/4)*sqrt(2);
else qpsk_signal((i+1)/2)=exp(j*pi/4)*sqrt(2);
end
end
end
SNR=0:2:8;
Es=std(qpsk_signal).^2;

N0=Es./(10.^(SNR/10));
qpsk_de=zeros(1,2*length(qpsk_signal));
for i=1:length(SNR)
noise=sqrt(N0(i)/2).*(randn(1,length(qpsk_signal))+j.*randn(1,length(qpsk_sig
nal)));
qpsk=qpsk_signal+noise;
for k=1:length(qpsk)
if(real(qpsk(k))>0)
qpsk_de(2*k-1)=1;
else qpsk_de(2*k-1)=0;
end
if(imag(qpsk(k))>0)
qpsk_de(2*k)=0;
else qpsk_de(2*k)=1;
end
end
BER(i)=symerr(qpsk_de,x)/length(x);
end
Pb=1/2*erfc(sqrt((10.^(SNR/10))./2));
xlabel('SNR_db');
plot(SNR,BER,'o-');
hold on;
plot(SNR,Pb,'r');
legend('BER','Pb');
hold off;

FIGURE:

Bi 8
n_sym=50000;
M=[16 32 64];
SNR_db=0:25;
BER=zeros(length(M),length(SNR_db));
for k=1:size(M,2)
s_stream=randint(1,n_sym,M(k));
y=qammod(s_stream,M(k),0,'gray');
Es=std(y).^2;
SNR=10.^(SNR_db/10);
N0=Es./SNR;
for r=1:size(SNR_db,2)
noise=sqrt(N0(r)/2)*(randn(1,length(y))+j.*randn(1,length(y)));
y_awgn=y+noise;
s_demod=qamdemod(y_awgn,M(k),0,'gray');
[num rat]=biterr(s_demod,s_stream);
BER(k,r)=rat;
end
end
semilogy(SNR_db,BER(1,:),'bo-',SNR_db,BER(2,:),'rs-',SNR_db,BER(3,:),'m*-');
title('Ti le BER voi cac muc khac nhau');
xlabel('SNR_db');
legend('M=16','M=32','M=64');
grid on;

FIGURE: