General Biology

Name:

Homework 7 (Chapter 8)

1. Define metabolism:

2. There are two types of reactions in metabolic pathways: anabolic and catabolic.
a. Which reactions release energy?
b. Which reactions consume energy?
c. Which reactions build up larger molecules?
d. Which reactions break down molecules?
e. Which reactions are considered uphill?
f. Which type of reactions are cellular respiration?
g. Which reactions require enzymes to catalyze reactions?
3. Contrast kinetic energy with potential energy?

4. What type or energy do each of the following have?

Water behind a dam
Mole of glucose
Spinning top
Ball at the top of a hill
5. State the first law of thermodynamics

6. State the second law of thermodynamics

7. The free-energy change of a reaction tells whether the reaction occurs spontaneously, what is free
energy? What is its symbol?

8. For an exergonic reaction, is G negative or positive?

9. Is cellular respiration an endergonic or exergonic reaction?
10. Is photosynthesis endergonic or exergonic? What is the energy source that drives it?

11. APT powers cellular work by coupling exergonic reactions to endergonic reactions, List the three main
kinds of cellular work and give an example of each.
(1)
(2)
(3)
12. Label the three parts of the ATP molecule.

a.

c.

b.

Use a line to indicate which bond is likely to break, by what process will that bond break?

13. What are enzymes?

14. What energy barrier do enzymes lower?

15. Enzymes are proteins. Name three factors that can affect the activity of these molecules.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
16. On the graph, label the x-axis progress of the reaction and the y-axis free-energy. Label energy of
activation (EA) with and without the enzyme.

a. What effect does an enzyme have on EA

b. Label G is it positive or negative for the reaction shown above.
c. How does the enzyme affect G?
17. Use the following terms to label the figure below. Define the terms.
Enzyme:

Substrate:

Active site:

Products:

18. What is meant by induced fit, how is it shown in the diagram above?

19. Explain the difference between competitive and non-competitive enzyme inhibitors.

substrate

enzyme

Which diagram is showing a competitive inhibitor

Which diagram is showing a non-competitive inhibitor