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Solucionario
Solucionario
Solucionario
qxd
11/21/2006
15:23
Page 1
Chapter 1
Problems 1-1 through 1-4 are for student research.
1-5
(a) Point vehicles
v
x
Q=
cars
v
42.1v v 2
= =
hour
x
0.324
42.1(21.05) 21.052
= 1368 cars/h Ans.
0.324
(b)
v
l
2
v
=
Q=
x +l
l
2
0.324
l
+
2
v(42.1) v
v
1
Q
1221.431
1221.433
1221.435
1221.435
1221.434
% loss of throughput =
1368 1221
= 12%
1221
22.2 21.05
= 5.5%
21.05
Modest change in optimal speed Ans.
Ans.
budy_sm_ch01.qxd
11/21/2006
15:23
Page 2
1-6 This and the following problem may be the students first experience with a figure of merit.
Formulate fom to reflect larger figure of merit for larger merit.
Use a maximization optimization algorithm. When one gets into computer implementation and answers are not known, minimizing instead of maximizing is the largest error
one can make.
FV = F1 sin W = 0
FH = F1 cos F2 = 0
From which
F1 = W/sin
F2 = W cos /sin
fom = $ = (volume)
.
= (l1 A1 + l2 A2 )
W
F1
l1
=
, l2 =
A1 =
S
S sin
cos
F2 W cos
A2 = =
S
S sin
l2 W cos
l2
W
+
fom =
cos S sin
S sin
W l2 1 + cos2
=
S
cos sin
Set leading constant to unity
fom
0
20
30
40
45
50
54.736
60
5.86
4.04
3.22
3.00
2.87
2.828
2.886
* = 54.736
fom* = 2.828
Ans.
Alternative:
d 1 + cos2
=0
d cos sin
And solve resulting transcendental for *.
Check second derivative to see if a maximum, minimum, or point of inflection has been
found. Or, evaluate fom on either side of *.
budy_sm_ch01.qxd
11/21/2006
15:23
Page 3
Chapter 1
1-7
(a) x1 + x2 = X 1 + e1 + X 2 + e2
error = e = (x1 + x2 ) ( X 1 + X 2 )
= e1 + e2 Ans.
(b) x1 x2 = X 1 + e1 ( X 2 + e2 )
e = (x1 x2 ) ( X 1 X 2 ) = e1 e2 Ans.
(c) x1 x2 = ( X 1 + e1 )( X 2 + e2 )
e = x1 x2 X 1 X 2 = X 1 e2 + X 2 e1 + e1 e2
e2
e1
.
Ans.
+
= X 1 e2 + X 2 e1 = X 1 X 2
X1
X2
x1
X 1 + e1
X 1 1 + e1 / X 1
=
=
(d)
x2
X 2 + e2
X 2 1 + e2 / X 2
1
e2
e2
e1
e2 .
e1
e2
.
1+
=1
and
1+
1
=1+
X2
X2
X1
X2
X1
X2
x1
X 1 . X 1 e1
e2
e=
=
Ans.
x2
X2
X2 X1
X2
1-8
(a)
x1 =
budy_sm_ch01.qxd
11/21/2006
15:23
Page 4
1-9
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
1-10
1-11
200
= 13.1 MPa
15.3
42(103 )
= 70(106 ) N/m2 = 70 MPa
(b) =
6(102 ) 2
(a) =
(c) y =
1200(800) 3 (103 ) 3
= 1.546(102 ) m = 15.5 mm
3(207)109 (64)103 (103 ) 4
(d) =
1100(250)(103 )
= 9.043(102 ) rad = 5.18
9
4
3
4
79.3(10 )(/32)(25) (10 )
1-12
600
= 5 MPa
20(6)
1
(b) I = 8(24) 3 = 9216 mm4
12
budy_sm_ch01.qxd
11/21/2006
15:23
Page 5
Chapter 1
1-13
(a) =
120(103 )
= 382 MPa
(/4)(202 )
32(800)(800)(103 )
= 198.9(106 ) N/m2 = 198.9 MPa
(32) 3 (103 ) 3
(d) k =