CR T2e Trail Volusia Tech Memo 4-9-15 (424040-2, 424040-3) Opt

Florida Department of
TRANSPORTATION
Cultural Resources
Technical Memorandum
Titusville to Edgewater Bike Trail
from US 1 and Kennedy Parkway
to Park Avenue and Dale Street (Edgewater)
Financial Project Number: 424040-3-22-01
Federal Project Number: 7777-186-B
FDOT Office
District Five
Authors
Janus Research
Date of Publication
April 2015
FloridaDepartmentof
TRANSPORTATION
CulturalResources
TechnicalMemorandum
Titusville to Edgewater Bike Trail
from US 1 and Kennedy Parkway
to Park Avenue and Dale Street (Edgewater)
Financial Project Number: 424040-3-22-01
Federal Project Number: 7777-186-B
www.dot.state.fl.us
4240403
TITUSVILLETOEDGEWATERBIKETRAILPD&ESTUDYCULTURALRESOURCESTECHNICALMEMORANDUM
Executive Summary
TheFloridaDepartmentofTransportation(FDOT)conductedaProjectDevelopmentandEnvironment
(PD&E)StudytodevelopatrailconnectionbetweentheendsoftheEastCentralRegionalRailTrail(ECRRT)
inTitusville(BrevardCounty),andinEdgewater(VolusiaCounty).Theintentofthestudywastodevelop
andevaluatepotentialpreliminarydesignalternativeswhichwouldprovideusersascenicopportunity
through existing natural areas such the Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge (MINWR), Canaveral
NationalSeashore,theIndianRiverLagoon,andtheMosquitoLagoon,amongothers.Thetotalproject
lengthwasapproximately33miles.Designalternativeswerecreatedandanalyzedfortheprovisionofa
bikerouteforrecreationalandexperiencedbicyclists.TheproposedroutestartsattheA.MaxBrewer
MemorialBridgeinBrevardCounty,headsnorththoughtheMINWRandendsatParkAvenueandDale
StreetinVolusiaCounty.
Theobjectivesofthisdesktopanalysisweretoprovidepreliminaryculturalresourceinformationtoassist
intheavoidanceofresourceslisted,determinedeligible,orconsideredeligibleforlistingintheNational
RegisterofHistoricPlaces(NationalRegister),andtoidentifyanypreviouslyrecordedculturalresources
thatmaybeaffectedbytheproposedprojectimprovementsfortheOakHillAlignment,theEdgewater
Alignment,andtheEdgewaterAlternativeoftheTitusvilletoEdgewaterTrailinVolusiaCounty.
The cultural resources desktop analysis did not identify any archaeological sites within the Oak Hill
Alignmentareaofpotentialeffect(APE).Fourpreviouslyrecordedhistoriclinearresourceswereidentified
withintheOakHillAlignmentAPEduringthedesktopanalysis.TheMcDougalPlantationCedarBluff/Ag
Trail(8VO9273),McDougalPlantationTrailtoLanding(8VO9274),andtheNewSmyrnatoHauloverCanal
Road(8VO8880)havenotbeenevaluatedbytheSHPO.AportionofUS1(8VO9432)withintheOakHill
Alignment APE was evaluated by the State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO) as National Register
ineligible in 2013. The remainder of this resource within the Oak Hill Alignment APE has not been
evaluatedbytheSHPO.
Theculturalresourcesdesktopanalysisdidnotidentifyanypreviouslyrecordedarchaeologicalsites,but
dididentifytwopreviouslyrecordedhistoriclinearresourceswithintheEdgewaterAlignmentAPEand
theEdgewaterAlternativeAPE.TheportionoftheF.E.C.Railroad(8VO8606)withintheAPEshasnotbeen
evaluatedbytheSHPO;however,thisresourceisgenerallyconsideredeligibleforinclusionintheNational
Registerinareaswheretherailroadtracksareextant,asintheAPEs.TwosegmentsofUS1(8VO9432)
withintheAPEswereevaluatedbytheSHPOasNationalRegisterineligiblein2013.Theeligibilityofthe
remainderofSR5(US1)withintheEdgewaterAlignmentAPEhasnotbeenevaluatedbytheSHPO.
ItappearsthatnoneofthealignmentsoralternativesarelikelytoimpactanypreviouslyrecordedNational
Registerlisted or eligible archaeological sites. Additional investigations may be needed to determine
whether an unrecorded archaeological site within the area of moderate probability of the Edgewater
AlignmentandEdgewaterAlternativeispresent.Ifasiteisidentified,coordinationwillalsobeneeded
with the SHPO and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) to determine its National Register
eligibility and any potential effects. The background research also suggested that the alignments are
unlikely to impact previously recorded or potentially historic resources with the exception of those
portionsofUS1(8VO9432)withinallofthealignmentsandtheF.E.C.Railroad(8VO8606)crossingwithin
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theEdgewaterAlignmentandEdgewaterAlternativethathavenotbeenpreviouslyevaluated.Although
it seems unlikely that the F.E.C. Railroad (8VO8606) crossing and U 1 (8VO9432) will be adversely
impacted,coordinationwith theSHPO and theFHWAwillbeneededto determinethesignificanceof
theseresourcesandanypotentialeffects.
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TABLEOFCONTENTS
ExecutiveSummary...................................................................................................................................................i
1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................................1
2 ProjectDescription............................................................................................................................................2
2.1 ProjectAlternatives.......................................................................................................................3
3 RecommendedAlternativeforSR5(US1)......................................................................................................4
3.1 KennedyParkwaytoRobertsRoad...............................................................................................4
4 LocallyPreferredAlternative(OffUS1)...........................................................................................................7
4.1 RobertsRoadfromUS1toHibiscusDrive....................................................................................7
4.2 HibiscusDrivefromRobertsRoadto16thStreet.........................................................................7
4.3 16thStreetandMangoTreeDrive................................................................................................8
4.4 ParkAvenueTypicalSection.........................................................................................................9
5 ProjectAPE......................................................................................................................................................10
6 Methods...........................................................................................................................................................11
6.1 LocalInformantsandCertifiedLocalGovernmentCoordination...............................................11
7 BackgroundResearch......................................................................................................................................12
7.1 OakHillAlignment.......................................................................................................................12
7.1.1
CulturalResourceSurveys................................................................................................12
7.1.2
PreviouslyRecordedCulturalResources..........................................................................14
7.1.3
PropertyAppraiserData...................................................................................................19
7.2 EdgewaterAlignment..................................................................................................................19
7.2.1
7.2.2
7.2.3
7.3 EdgewaterAlternative.................................................................................................................20
7.3.1
7.3.2
7.3.3
7.4 PotentialTrailheads.....................................................................................................................22
8 ArchaeologicalProbabilityAnalysis................................................................................................................23
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9 Conclusions......................................................................................................................................................32
9.5 SummaryofFindings...................................................................................................................34
10 References.......................................................................................................................................................35
LISTOFFIGURES
Figure1ProjectLocation..............................................................................................................................1
Figure2SegmentMap..................................................................................................................................2
Figure3ConceptualTrailheadLayout..........................................................................................................4
Figure4PotentialTrailheadLocations..........................................................................................................5
Figure5SR5(US1)OffRoadTypicalSection...............................................................................................6
Figure6TypicalSectionRobertsRoad:SR5(US1)toHibiscusDrive..........................................................7
Figure7TypicalSectionHibiscusDrive:RobertsRoad/30thStreetto16thStreet....................................7
Figure8TypicalSectionMangoTreeDrive:16thStreettoParkAvenue.....................................................8
Figure9MangoTreeDrive:12thStreetto~800SouthofParkAvenue......................................................8
Figure10ParkAvenuefromMangoTreeDrivetoDaleStreet....................................................................9
Figure11aPreviouslyRecordedCulturalResourcesWithinandAdjacenttotheProjectAPE..................16
Figure11bPreviouslyRecordedCulturalResourcesWithinandAdjacenttotheProjectAPE..................17
Figure11cPreviouslyRecordedCulturalResourcesWithinandAdjacenttotheProjectAPE..................18
LISTOFTABLES
Table1.PreviousSurveysConductedwithinOneMileoftheOakHillAlignmentAPE.............................12
Table2.PreviouslyRecordedArchaeologicalSiteswithinandAdjacenttotheOakHillAlignmentAPE..15
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Table3.PreviouslyRecordedHistoricResourceswithintheOakHillAlignmentAPE...............................19
Table4.PreviousSurveysConductedwithinOneMileoftheEdgewaterAlignmentAPE.........................19
Table5.PreviousSurveysConductedwithinOneMileoftheEdgewaterAlternativeAPE.......................21
Table6.CharacteristicsofDetailedSoilTypeswithintheOakHillAlignmentAPE....................................24
Table7.CharacteristicsofDetailedSoilTypeswithintheEdgewaterAlignmentAPE...............................27
Table8.CharacteristicsofDetailedSoilTypeswithintheEdgewaterAlternativeAPE..............................29
LISTOFATTACHMENTS
AttachmentA ConceptPlans
AttachmentB CLGCoordinationCorrespondence
AttachmentC SHPOConcurrenceLetterfrom2013forCulturalResourceAssessmentSurveyfortheUS
1/SR5SidewalkProject,VolusiaCounty
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1 Introduction
The FDOT conducted a PD&E Study to develop a trail connection between the ends of the ECRRT in
Titusville(BrevardCounty),andinEdgewater(VolusiaCounty)(SeeFigure1).Theintentofthestudywas
to develop and evaluate potential preliminary design alternatives which would provide users a scenic
opportunity through existing natural areas such the MINWR, Canaveral National Seashore, the Indian
RiverLagoon,andtheMosquitoLagoon,amongothers.Thetotalprojectlengthwasapproximately33
miles.Designalternativeswerecreatedandanalyzedfortheprovisionofabikerouteforrecreationaland
experiencedbicyclists.
The proposed route starts at the A.
Max Brewer Memorial Bridge in
BrevardCounty,headseastthennorth
though the Merritt Island National
Wildlife Refuge, and ends at Park
AvenueandDaleStreetnearSR5(US
1) in Volusia County. These
improvements were developed while
fullyensuringprojectcompliancewith
all applicable federal and state laws,
and
minimizing
potential
environmentalimpacts.
The Original Scope of Services was
amendedperContractAmendment#3
(March 2014) so that a separate
FeasibilityStudyhasbeenpreparedfor
the Brevard portion of this trail.
Therefore, this document contains
onlyinformationconcerningthetrailin
VolusiaCounty.
TheVolusiaTPOandCityofEdgewater
requested an analysis of a bike route
thatwouldtakeridersoffSR5(US1)at
RobertsRoadinVolusiaCounty,travel
along local roads, and tie into a
trailhead at Rotary Park on Park
Avenue. This alternative alignment to
SR 5 (US 1) in Edgewater was also
Figure1ProjectLocation
evaluatedaspartofthisstudy.
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2 Project Description
TheexistingconditionsalongtheproposedTitusvilletoEdgewaterTrailrouteinVolusiaCountyvaried
considerablyoverdistinctcharacterzones.Thelimitsofthesestudysegmentsaredescribedbelow,and
graphicallydepictedinFigure2.PossibletrailheadsfortheVolusiaportionofthetrailcouldbelocatedon
parcelsadjacenttoSR5(US1)nearthestartatKennedyParkwayandParkAvenuenearDaleStreetin
Edgewater.
OakHillAlignment
ThissegmentislocatedalongSR5
(US1)betweentheintersectionof
Kennedy Parkway and Orange
Avenue in Volusia County. It runs
through both the cities of Oak Hill
andEdgewater.
EdgewaterAlignment
ThissegmentislocatedalongSR5
(US1)withinthecityofEdgewater,
between Orange Avenue and Park
Avenue. It continues along Park
Avenuetotheendoftheprojectat
DaleStreetinVolusiaCounty.
EdgewaterAlternative
ThissegmentrunsfromSR5(US1)
and Roberts Road to Park Avenue
andMangoTreeDrive.
Figure2SegmentMap
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2.1 Project Alternatives

There were four basic alternatives considered during the course of this study, including a nobuild
alternative.Thesealternativesweredevelopedbasedonexpectedimpactsandimplementationcosts.A
briefdescriptionofeachalternativeisshownbelow:
BuildAlternativeA
Thisalternativeprovidedpavedshoulders/bikelanesalongtheexistingroadwaynetworkfortheentirety
ofthecorridor.Areaswherepavedshouldersexistwouldberehabilitatedandenhancedtoprovidethe
necessarywidthtoallowforcyclingactivities.Thisalternativehastheleastamountofpotentialimpacts,
andisalsotheleastcostlyofthebuildalternatives.
BuildAlternativeB
Dependinguponthesegmentofthecorridor,thisalternativeisacombinationofpavedshoulders/bike
lanes,andoffroadtrailfacilities.Thisalternativeallowsforamorediverseuserbaseatamoderatecost.
BuildAlternativeC
Thisalternative,withtheexceptionoftheMINWRSecondaryUseZone,consistsentirelyofoffroadtrail
facilities.Whilethisalternativehadthepotentialtohavethehighestimpactincostandtothesurrounding
area,itwouldencouragethemostdiverseuserbaseamongthethreebuildalternativesbeingconsidered.
NoBuildAlternative
The nobuild alternative would provide no additional cycling, and/or recreational facilities along the
corridor other than those that exist today. The cost for this alternative is the cost associated with
accidents.Wewouldanticipatethatifwedonothingtheexistingrateofbike/pedestrianuseandcrashes
wouldcontinue.
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3 Recommended Alternative for SR 5 (US 1)

Twobasictypicalsectionswereevaluatedforthissegment;oneonroadandoneoffroad.Theonroad
optionwouldincluderehabilitatingtheexistingpavedshoulders,andhasthebenefitofreducedcostand
increasedcyclistvisibility.Thedrawbacks,however,arealackofimprovementforothernonmotorized
users,andtheperceivedsafetyrisksoftravelingadjacenttoahighspeedroadway.
3.1 Kennedy Parkway to Roberts Road

OakHillTrailhead
Potentialminortrailheadswouldinclude
restroom facilities, a minimum of 16
parking spaces including handicap
parking,ashelterwithaninformational
kioskincludingamapoftheoveralltrail
network, drinking water, benches, and
bicycle racks. Figure 3 shows a
conceptuallayoutforaacresite.
Figure3ConceptualTrailheadLayout
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Figure4showstwopotentialtrailheadlocationsonSR5(US1),justnorthoftheintersectionwithKennedy
Parkway.
TwoPotential
Locations
Figure4PotentialTrailheadLocations
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SR5(US1)OffroadTypicalSection
Theoffroadtypicalsectionwouldconsistofadding aseparatesharedusepathalongthe SR5(US1)
corridor adjacent to the eastern RightofWay (ROW) line. The benefits of this option are increased
ridershipduetoperceivedsafetyimprovementsandincreasedlegibilityofbike/pedestrianfacilities.The
drawbacksareincreasedcostandadditionalimperviouspavement.TheoffroadtypicalisshowninFigure
5.
Figure5:SR5(US1)OffRoadTypicalSection
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4 Locally Preferred Alternative (Off US1)

4.1 Roberts Road from US 1 to Hibiscus Drive
A12foottrailwouldreplacetheexisting5footsidewalkonthenorthsideofRobertsRoad,seeFigure6.
ThegradecrossingoftheF.E.C.Railwaymustbeupgradedtoaccommodatethetrail.
Figure6TypicalSectionRobertsRoad:SR5(US1)toHibiscusDrive
4.2 Hibiscus Drive from Roberts Road to 16th Street

A12foottrailwouldbeconstructedalongtheeastsideofHibiscusDrivebetweentheexistingroadand
F.E.C.Railroad,seeFigure7.
Figure7TypicalSectionHibiscusDrive:RobertsRoad/30thStreetto16thStreet
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4.3 16th Street and Mango Tree Drive

A12foottrailwouldbeconstructedattheedgeofthe60footROWlineonlocalstreets,asshownin
Figure8.Asaresult,powerpolesandutilitiesmustberelocated,andtreeswithinclearzonemustbe
removed.
Figure8TypicalSectionMangoTreeDrive:16thStreettoParkAvenue
From12thStreettoapproximately800feetsouthofParkAvenue,theditchontheeastsideofMango
TreeDrivemustberegradedtoaccommodatethetraildepictedinFigure9.
Figure9MangoTreeDrive:12thStreetto~800SouthofParkAvenue
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4.4 Park Avenue Typical Section

A10foottrailwouldreplacetheexisting5footsidewalkalongthesouthsideofParkAvenue,seeFigure
10.
Figure10ParkAvenuefromMangoTreeDrivetoDaleStreet
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5 Project APE
Accordingto36CFR800.16(d),theAPEisthegeographicareaorareaswithinwhichanundertakingmay
directlyorindirectlycausechangesinthecharacteroruseofhistoricproperties,ifsuchpropertiesexist.
TheAPEisinfluencedbythescaleandnatureoftheundertakingaswellasitsgeographicalsetting.The
APE must include measures to identify and evaluate both archaeological and historical resources.
Normally, archaeological and other belowground resources will be affected by ground disturbing
activitiesandchangesinownershipstatus.Therefore,thearchaeologicalAPEofboththeproposedbike
trailandtrailheadsislimitedtothefootprintofsubsurfaceactivities,suchastheconstructionofashared
usepathorthereplacementofexistingsidewalkswithatrail,asshownintheConceptPlansinAttachment
A.
ThehistoricresourcesAPEwasalsodeterminedbyevaluatingtheimprovementsthatwillbeimplemented
as part of the proposed project. The determination also considered the residential and commercial
character of the project corridor. Previous cultural resource assessment studies have shown that the
potentialvisualeffectsareoftenthemostfarreaching.Therefore,thisprojectshistoricresourcesAPE
wasdefinedastheareawithinwhichpotentialvisualeffectsfortheimprovementscouldbeobserved.
Theproposedimprovementsforthisprojectarelimitedintermsofvisualimpacts,suchasrestripingof
existingpavementtoaddbikelanes,theconstructionofasharedusepathorthereplacementofexisting
sidewalks with a trail, and the construction of minor trailheads. All of these improvements will be at
grade.ThetrailwillbelocatedwithintheROWofexistingroadwaysandtheproposedtrailheadswillbe
adjacenttotheROWofSR5(US1).Theproposedtrailheadswillincludeaminimumof16parkingspaces,
ashelterwithinformationkiosks,drinkingwater,benches,andbicycleracks,allofwhichwouldhavea
minimalviewshed.Basedonthelimitedandminornatureoftheproposedimprovementsforboththe
trailandtrailheads,thehistoricresourcesAPEwaslimitedtothefootprintoftheproposedimprovements,
asshownintheConceptPlansinAttachmentA.
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6 Methods
An archaeological and historical literature and background information search pertinent to the
alternativeswasconductedtodeterminethetypes,chronologicalplacement,andspatialpatterningof
culturalresourceswithinoradjacenttothealternatives.Backgroundresearchmethodsalsoincludeda
search of the Florida Master Site File (FMSF) to identify cultural resources that are listed, eligible, or
potentiallyeligibleforlistingintheNationalRegisterandresourceswithpotentialorconfirmedhuman
remains.Italsoincludedareviewofunpublishedculturalresourcemanagement(CRM)reports,Volusia
CountyPropertyAppraiserrecords,andananalysisofhistoricmapsandaerials.
TheFMSFservesasanarchiveandrepositoryofinformationaboutFloridasrecordedculturalresources.
Itrepresentsaninventoryofresourcesforwhichavailableinformationexistsanddescribestheircondition
ataparticularpointoftime.Becausetheinventoryofresourcesisnotallinclusiveonastatewidebasis,
gapsindatamayexist.TheFMSFisanimportantplanningtoolthatassistsinidentifyingpotentialcultural
resourcesissuesandresourcesthatmaywarrantfurtherinvestigationandprotection.Itcanbeusedasa
guidebutshouldnotbeusedtodeterminetheFloridaDivisionofHistoricalResources(FDHR)/SHPOs
officialpositionaboutthesignificanceofaresource.
6.1 Local Informants and Certified Local Government Coordination

VolusiaCountyislistedontheAugust2014listofCertifiedLocalGovernments(CLG)postedontheFDHR
website.Ms.JulieAdamsScofield,HistoricPreservationOfficerofVolusiaCounty,wascontactedonMay
21,2014todeterminewhethersheknewofanylocalculturalresourceconcernsorissuesregardingthe
EdgewaterAlternative.Ms.AdamsScofielddidnotknowofanyresourcesofconcernandrecommended
thatMs.DorothyMoore,anavocationalarchaeologistandhistorianinVolusiaCounty,becontacteddue
toherextensiveknowledgeofthearea.Ms.Moorenotedthatshewasnotawareofanyundocumented
ordocumentedsiteswithintheEdgewaterAlternative,andsuggestedtheremaybeapossibilityfortraces
ofseveralhistoricoccupationsandfeaturesastherewasan18thcenturyBritishperiodplantationwithin
thesouthernportionofthetrailsarea.Shestatedthatnofieldworkhasbeenconductedtodocument
the boundaries of this plantation and any associated sites would likely be agricultural features or
structures.ShealsomentionedthattheKingsRoad,an18thcenturytrailthatransouthfromSt.Augustine
to the 18th century William Elliot plantation south of New Smyrna, was built through what is now
Edgewater.Ms.MoorenotedthatitsexactroutelocationinsoutheasternVolusiaCountyisunknownbut
suggesteditmaybeclosertothecurrentUS1corridor.Shealsosuggestedthatartifactsfromprecontact
shellmiddensminedforroadbedsandFlaglersrailroadbedmaybescatteredalongportionsofthe
trail.Shedidnotethattheseartifactswouldbeinadisturbedcontextbutcouldbeinterestingfinds.On
June16th,2014;June24th,2014;andMarch11th,2015,Ms.AdamsScofieldandMs.Moorewerecontacted
once again to request their input on any local concerns regarding the Oak Hill Alignment and the
Edgewater Alignment. On March 12, 2015, Ms. Adams Scofield responded that she had no concerns
regardingculturalresourcesthatmaybeimpactedbythealignments.Ms.MoorestateonMarch19th,
2015thatsheagreedwithMs.AdamsScofieldsassessmentandwasnotawareofanyotherdocumented
sites that may be impacted by the proposed improvements. These communications with Ms. Adams
ScofieldandMs.MooreareprovidedinAttachmentB.
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7 Background Research
BackgroundresearchincludedareviewoftheFMSFtoidentifyprevioussurveysandpreviouslyrecorded
archaeological sites and historic resources. A review of Volusia County Property Appraiser records,
previous surveys, and other relevant historical research materials was conducted to determine the
potentialforhistoricresourceswithintheprojectAPE.
7.1 Oak Hill Alignment

7.1.1 Cultural Resource Surveys
TheFMSFsearchidentified28previouslyconductedculturalresourcesurveyswithinonemileoftheOak
HillAlignmentAPE(Table1).TheOakHillAlignmentAPEispartiallylocatedwithintwelveofthesesurveys
(highlightedingrayinthetablebelow).AportionofthenorthernpartoftheAPEwassurveyedin2013
as part of the US 1/SR 5 Sidewalk Project (Clement et al. 2013; FMSF Manuscript No. 20566). The
remainderoftheAPEhasnotbeencomprehensivelysurveyed.
Table1.PreviousSurveysConductedwithinOneMileoftheOakHillAlignmentAPE
Survey
Title
Author(s)
No.
Date
260
CulturalResourceReconnaissanceofMerritt
IslandNationalWildlifeRefuge
Griffin,JohnW.andJames
J.Miller
1978
1339
CanaveralNationalSeashore:Assessmentof
ArchaeologicalandHistoricalResources
Ehrenhard,JohnE.
1976
1600
HistoricPropertiesSurvey,NewSmyrnaBeach
HistoricProperty
Associates
1988
2278
EdgewaterLandingArchaeologicalInvestigations
AlongtheIndianRiverNorth,VolusiaCounty,
Florida
Johnson,RobertE.
1988
2691
CulturalResourcesAssessmentSurveySR442
FromI95toSR5/US1,VolusiaCounty,Florida
Browning,WilliamD.and
RoyAdlaiJackson
1991
3271
ArchaeologicalSurveytoEstablishZonesof
ArchaeologicalPotential(ZAPS)intheKSCNorth
Area(Option3)oftheKennedySpaceCenter
Deming,JoanG.
1992
4333
AnArchaeologicalandHistoricalSurveyofthe
LighthouseCovePhaseIIAandIIBVolusiaCounty
Florida
Weill,LornaA.andJ.
RaymondWilliams
1995
5000
FinalReport,ACulturalResourceSurveyofTract
V21,VolusiaCounty,Florida
Bland,MylesC.P.and
RobertE.Johnson
1997
5865
TheSearchForTurnbull'sColony,An
ArchaeologicalSurvey
Austin,RobertJ.,RogerT.
GrangeJr,andDorothyL.
Moore
1999
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Survey
No.
Title
Author(s)
Date
7762
OakHill
Jermakin,DavidA.
2000
6307
PhaseICulturalResourcesSurveyoftheV22A
DredgedMaterialManagementArea,Volusia
County,Florida
Banquilan,Alvin,Charles
Cantley,andJennifer
Langdale
2001
9132
APhaseIArchaeologicalSurveyoftheProposed
MajesticOaksPhaseIIResidentialDevelopment,
VolusiaCounty,Florida
Penders,ThomasE.
2003
9837
ArchaeologicalInvestigationsatSeminoleRest
Sussman,Richard
1988
10224
AnIntensiveCulturalResourceAssessment
SurveyofthePackwoodTract,VolusiaCounty,
Florida
Groff,AmandaT.and
BrentM.Handley
2004
10722
APhaseIArchaeologicalSurveyoftheCarder
Parcel,Edgewater,VolusiaCounty,Florida
Penders,ThomasE.
2004
11287
AnArchaeologicalReconnaissanceSurveyofthe
WorthingtonCreekPhaseIIDevelopment,
Edgewater,VolusiaCounty,Florida
Penders,ThomasE.
2005
12112
EdgewaterPropertyinVolusiaCounty,Florida
Quinn,LisaN.
2004
12691
AnIntensiveCulturalResourceAssessment
SurveyoftheStullEdgewaterTractandTest
Excavationsat8VO5313VolusiaCounty,Florida
Nash,JenniferL.F.
2006
12432
HickeyParcel,Edgewater,VolusiaCounty,Florida
Penders,ThomasE.
2004
15572
TripReportontheNorthDistrictandBillsHillUnit McNeil,Jessica
SurveysatCanaveralNationalSeashore,January
35,2007.SEACACC.2103.
2007
15878
10020032ArielTowerInVolusiaCounty,Florida
FCCForm620
BlandandAssociates,Inc.
2008
16157
ArchaeologicalSurveytoEstablishZonesof
Deming,JoanandSteven
ArchaeologicalPotentialintheKSCNorthArea
H.Koski
(EastOfStateRoad3)(BasicContractArea)ofthe
KennedySpaceCenter
1996
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Survey
No.
Title
Author(s)
Date
17766
Section106Assessment(FCCForm620)ofthe
OakHillTelecommunicationsTowerSite(Anchor
Tower,LLCSiteNumberAT103),VolusiaCounty,
Florida
FloridaArchaeological
Consulting,Inc.
2007
17849
ReportofArchaeologicalFieldInvestigations,
HaciendadelRioPlannedCommunity,Volusia
County,Florida
Stine,LindaFrances
1998
20407
ACulturalResourceReconnaissanceSurveyofthe Arbuthnot,MichaelA.,S.
ArielScottsmoore115kvTransmissionLineRight Brian,andMarissaGordon
ofWay,St.JohnsAndFlaglerCounties,Florida
2008
20442
CulturalResourcesAssessmentSurveyofthe
EdgewaterTowerParcel,VolusiaCounty,Florida
Handley,Brent
2013
20566
CulturalResourceAssessmentSurveyfortheUS
1/SR5SidewalkProject,VolusiaCounty,Florida
Clement,Chris,Elizabeth
Murphy,andEdwardSalo
2013
20994
PhaseIArchaeologySurveyLetterforTrileaf
Project#610572(Edgewater)Edgewater,Volusia
County,Florida
Geidel,Richardand
MelissaWalsh
2014
7.1.2 Previously Recorded Cultural Resources

TheFMSFsearchidentifiedfivearchaeologicalsiteswithintheOakHillAlignmentAPE(Table2,Figures
11a11c).Therecordedlocationsoffourofthesesites,VautPlace(8VO115A),twositeswithnonames
(8VO116Aand8VO117),andtheEdgewaterMound(8VO116B),alongSR5(US1)wereinvestigatedby
SoutheasternArchaeologicalResearch(SEARCH)in2013andtheresultswerepresentedintheCultural
ResourceAssessmentSurveyfortheUS1/SR5SidewalkProject,VolusiaCounty,Florida(Clementetal.
2013;FMSFManuscriptNo.20566).Thepreciselocationsandboundariesofthreeofthesesites,Vaut
Place(8VO115A)andtwositeswithnonames(8VO116Aand8VO117),areunknownandtheirlocationis
recorded in the FMSF as general vicinity. SEARCH excavated a total of 14 shovel tests within the
recordedlocationofthesesitesandidentifiedonlyonesandtemperedsherdat3040cmbswithina
matrix of graybrown sand, and broken shell and shell hash (SEARCH 2013:33). Based on this, they
suggestedthatthematrixmayrepresenttheremnantsofashellmiddenormoundthatwasdestroyed
andthatadditionalremainsmaybepresenttotheeastoftheSR5(US1)ROW.Theyalsodeterminedthat
the remains are within a disturbed context and are not eligible for the National Register. The SHPO
concurredwiththesefindingsonDecember20,2013(AttachmentC).
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Table2.PreviouslyRecordedArchaeologicalSiteswithinandAdjacenttotheOakHillAlignmentAPE
NationalRegister
FMSF#
SiteName
SiteType
Evaluation*
8VO115A
VautPlace
Prehistorichabitationandmound
Ineligible
8VO116A
NoName
Prehistoricmound
Notevaluated
8VO116B**
EdgewaterMound
Prehistoric lowdensity artifact scatter, Ineligible

burials,habitation,andmound
8VO117
NoName
Prehistoricmound
8VO9275
HaciendadelRioSite
Prehistoric campsite, extractive site, Notevaluated

habitation,andshellmidden
Notevaluated
* AsrecordedintheFMSF;mayrequirereevaluation
**ListedintheFMSFashavingpotentialorconfirmedhumanremains
SEARCHalsoexcavatedsixshoveltestswithintherecordedlocationoftheEdgewaterMound(8VO116B)
andidentifiednoculturalremainswithintheSR5(US1)ROW.Basedonthis,SEARCHdeterminedthat
thesiteislocatedoutsideoftheSR5(US1)ROW.Theystatedthatthesiteislikelylocatedinthearea
delineated during a survey conducted by Johnston and Ste. Claire (1988) and corroborated by local
informants (Figures 11a11c). The SHPO concurred with these findings on December 20, 2013
(AttachmentC).
Hacienda del Rio Site (8VO9275) was excavated in 1992 by a group of regional archaeologists who
determinedthesiteconsistedofaprecontactperiodmiddenlocatedunderamobilehomecommunity
(Stine1998).TheSHPOhasnotevaluatedtheeligibilityofthissite.TheFMSFGISdatashowsthewestern
boundaryofthesitewithintheSR5(US1)ROWintheOakHillAlignmentAPE.Thedescriptionofthe
projectareaincludedinthe1992reportandthesitesketchincludedintheFMSFformindicatethatthe
westernboundaryofthesiteterminatesattheSR5(US1)ROWoutsideoftheAPE.
TheFMSFsearchidentifiedfourpreviouslyrecordedlinearresourceswithintheOakHillAlignmentAPE
(Table3).TheselinearresourcesintersecttheAPEatvariouspoints(Figures11a11c).NewSmyrnato
Haulover Canal Road (8VO8880) connects to the southern terminus of the APE, at the intersection of
KennedyParkway(SR3).ThisresourcehasnotbeenevaluatedbytheSHPO.McDougalPlantationCedar
Bluff/AgTrail(8VO9273)andMcDougalPlantationTrailtoLanding(8VO9274)areassociatedwiththe18th
CenturyBritishPlantationownedbyWilliamMcDougal.TheseroadsintersecttheAPEbetweenGodfrey
Road and River Park Boulevard. Neither road has been evaluated by the SHPO. The portion of US 1
(8VO9432) within the APE between Orange Avenue and S. Cory Drive was evaluated by the SHPO as
NationalRegisterineligiblein2013.TheeligibilityoftheremainderofSR5(US1)withintheAPEhasnot
been evaluated by the SHPO. No previously recorded historic structures, bridges, or cemeteries were
identifiedwithintheAPEduringthebackgroundsearch.
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Figure11aPreviouslyRecordedCulturalResourcesWithinandAdjacenttotheProjectAPE
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Figure11bPreviouslyRecordedCulturalResourcesWithinandAdjacenttotheProjectAPE
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Figure11cPreviouslyRecordedCulturalResourcesWithinandAdjacenttotheProjectAPE
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Table3.PreviouslyRecordedHistoricResourceswithintheOakHillAlignmentAPE
FMSF#
Name/Address
YearBuilt
Type
NationalRegister
Evaluation*
8VO8880
NewSmyrnato
HauloverCanalRoad
Earlierthan1823 Historicroad
Notevaluated
8VO9273
McDougalPlantation
CedarBluff/AgTrail
1769
Historicroad
Notevaluated
8VO9274
McDougalPlantation
TrailtoLanding
1769
Historicroad
Notevaluated
8VO9432
US1
1915
Historicroad
Portionsineligible;
portionsnot
evaluated
*AsrecordedintheFMSF;mayrequirereevaluation
7.1.3 Property Appraiser Data
Asearchofpropertyappraiserrecordsidentifiednoparcelswithhistoricactualyearbuilt(AYRB)datesof
1967orearlierwithintheOakHillAlignmentAPE.
7.2 Edgewater Alignment

TheFMSFsearchidentifiedninepreviouslyconductedculturalresourcesurveyswithinonemileofthe
EdgewaterAlignmentAPE(Table4).TheEdgewaterAlignmentAPEispartiallylocatedwithintwoofthese
surveys (highlighted in gray in the table below). Background research indicated that the APE of the
EdgewaterAlignmenthasnotbeencomprehensivelysurveyedforarchaeologicalorhistoricresources.
Table4.PreviousSurveysConductedwithinOneMileoftheEdgewaterAlignmentAPE
Survey
Title
Author(s)
No.
Date
1600
HistoricPropertiessurvey,NewSmyrnaBeach
HistoricProperty
Associates
1988
2691
CulturalResourcesAssessmentSurveySR442fromI
95toSR5/US1,VolusiaCounty,Florida
Browning,WilliamD.
andRoyAdlaiJackson
1991
5865
TheSearchforTurnbull'sColony,AnArchaeological
Survey
Austin,RobertJ.and
RobertTGrange,Jr.,and
DorothyL.Moore
1999
10109
MasseyAnnexProperty,VolusiaCounty,Florida
Penders,ThomasE.
2004
12918
ACulturalResourcesAssessmentSurveyoftheTenth
StreetRealignment,NewSmyrnaBeach,Volusia
County,Florida
Penders,ThomasE.
2006
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Survey
No.
Title
Author(s)
Date
18019
PhaseICulturalResourceAssessmentSurveyofthe
EastCentralFloridaRegionalRailTrailinBrevardand
VolusiaCounties,Florida
Brouwer,KaitlynT.,
ElizabethJ.Chambless,
andMonteKim
2010
20566
CulturalResourceAssessmentSurveyfortheUS1/SR
5SidewalkProject,VolusiaCounty,Florida
Murphy,EdwardSalo
2013
20994
PhaseIArchaeologySurveyLetterforTrileafProject
#610572(Edgewater)Edgewater,VolusiaCounty,
Florida
Geidel,Richardand
MelissaWalsh
2014
20720
ACulturalResourceAssessmentSurveyofthe
OakwoodCoveDevelopmentTract,VolusiaCounty,
Florida
Johnson,RobertE.
2014

TheFMSFsearchdidnotidentifyanyarchaeologicalsiteswithintheEdgewaterAlignmentAPE.Asegment
of the F.E.C. Railroad (8VO8606) crosses the APE at Park Avenue adjacent to Railroad Avenue. This
segmenthasnotbeenevaluatedbytheSHPO.Thisresourceisgenerallyconsideredeligibleforinclusion
intheNationalRegisterinareaswheretherailroadtracksareextant,asintheAPE.TheportionsofUS1
(8VO9432)withintheAPEbetweenChurchStreetandLouisaDrive,andbetweenW.TurgotAvenueand
OrangeAvenuewereevaluatedbytheSHPOasNationalRegisterineligiblein2013.Theeligibilityofthe
remainderofSR5(US1)withintheAPEhasnotbeenevaluatedbytheSHPO.Additionally,onepreviously
recordedcemetery,EdgewaterCemetery(8VO8262),islocatedwestofSR5(US1)adjacenttobutoutside
oftheAPE.TheseresourcesareillustratedinFigures11a11c.Nopreviouslyrecordedhistoricstructures,
bridges,orcemeterieswereidentifiedwithintheEdgewaterAlignmentAPEduringthebackgroundsearch.
AsearchofpropertyappraiserrecordsidentifiednoparcelswithhistoricAYRBdatesof1967orearlier
withintheEdgewaterAlignmentAPE.
7.3 Edgewater Alternative

The FMSF search identified 14 previously conducted cultural resource surveys within one mile of the
EdgewaterAlternativeAPE(Table5).TheEdgewaterAlternativeispartiallylocatedwithintwoofthese
surveys(highlightedingrayinthetablebelow).However,thebackgroundresearchindicatedthattheAPE
hasnotbeencomprehensivelysurveyedforarchaeologicalorhistoricresources.
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Table5.PreviousSurveysConductedwithinOneMileoftheEdgewaterAlternativeAPE
Survey
Title
Author(s)
No.
Date
1339
CanaveralNationalSeashore:Assessmentof
ArchaeologicalandHistoricalResources
Ehrenhard,JohnE.
1976
1600
HistoricPropertiessurvey,NewSmyrnaBeach
HistoricProperty
Associates
1988
2278
EdgewaterLandingArchaeologicalInvestigations
alongtheIndianRivernorth,VolusiaCounty,Florida
Johnson,RobertE.
1988
2691
CulturalResourcesAssessmentSurveySR442fromI
95toSR5/US1,VolusiaCounty,Florida
Browning,WilliamD.
andRoyAdlaiJackson
1991
5865
TheSearchforTurnbull'sColony,AnArchaeological
Survey
Austin,RobertJ.and
RobertTGrange,Jr.,and
DorothyL.Moore
1999
9132
APhaseIArchaeologicalSurveyoftheProposed
MajesticOaksPhaseIIResidentialDevelopment,
VolusiaCounty,Florida
Penders,ThomasE.
2003
10224
AnIntensiveCulturalResourceAssessmentSurveyof
thePackwoodTract,VolusiaCounty,Florida
Groff,AmandaT.and
BrentM.Handley
2004
12112
EdgewaterPropertyinVolusiaCounty,Florida
Quinn,LisaN
2004
12691
AnIntensiveCulturalResourceAssessmentSurveyof
theStullEdgewaterTractandTestExcavationsat
8VO5313VolusiaCounty,Florida
Nash,JenniferL.F.
2006
12918
ACulturalResourcesAssessmentSurveyoftheTenth
StreetRealignment,NewSmyrnaBeach,Volusia
County,Florida
Penders,ThomasE.
2006
18019
PhaseICulturalResourceAssessmentSurveyofthe
EastCentralFloridaRegionalRailTrailinBrevardand
VolusiaCounties,Florida
Brouwer,KaitlynT.,
ElizabethJ.Chambless,
andMonteKim
2010
20442
CulturalResourcesAssessmentSurveyofthe
EdgewaterTowerParcel,VolusiaCounty,Florida
Handley,Brent
2013
20566
CulturalResourceAssessmentSurveyfortheUS1/SR
5SidewalkProject,VolusiaCounty,Florida
Murphy,EdwardSalo
2013
20994
PhaseIArchaeologySurveyLetterforTrileafProject
#610572(Edgewater)Edgewater,VolusiaCounty,
Florida
Geidel,Richardand
MelissaWalsh
2014
PAGE21
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TheFMSFsearchidentifiednopreviouslyrecordedarchaeologicalsiteswithintheEdgewaterAlternative
APE.TheF.E.C.Railroad(8VO8606)wasidentifiedintheFMSFadjacenttotheAPEforapproximately1.9
miles.AsmallportionoftheF.E.C.Railroad(8VO8606)islocatedwithintheAPEattheintersectionof
Roberts Road and Hibiscus Drive. This portion of the resource has not been evaluated by the SHPO;
however,thisresourceisgenerallyconsideredeligibleforinclusionintheNationalRegisterinareaswhere
therailroadtracksareextant,asintheAPE.TheFMSFsearchalsoidentifiedaportionofUS1(8VO9432)
intersectingtheeasternterminusoftheAPE,whichwasevaluatedbytheSHPOin2013asineligiblefor
inclusion in the National Register. These resources are illustrated in Figures 11a11c. No previously
recordedhistoricstructures,bridges,orcemeterieswereidentifiedwithintheAPEduringthebackground
search.
AsearchofpropertyappraiserrecordsidentifiednoparcelswithhistoricAYRBdatesof1967orearlier
withintheEdgewaterAlternativeAPE.
7.4 Potential Trailheads

ThetwopotentialtrailheadsarelocatedadjacenttotheeastoftheOakHillAlignment,northofKennedy
Parkway(SR3).Thetrailheadsarelocatedwithintwopreviouslyconductedsurveys(FMSFManuscript
No. 1339 and 16157) noted in the background research for the Oak Hill Alignment. Neither of these
surveys conducted subsurface testing within the footprint of the trailheads. The FMSF search did not
identify any previously recorded archaeological sites or historic resources within or adjacent to the
trailheads.AsearchofpropertyappraiserrecordsidentifiednoparcelswithhistoricAYRBdatesof1967
orearlierwithinthetrailheads.
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8 Archaeological Probability Analysis

Fourenvironmentalfactorsaretypicallyusedtohelppredictarchaeologicalsitepotential:soiltype(soil
drainage),distancetofresh(potable)water,distancetohardwoodhammocks,andtopography.Soiltype
andrelativeelevationdealwiththewaterdrainagepatternfoundinaparticulararea.Soilswithanorganic
pan,withunderlyingclaysormarl,andwithslowtomoderateinternaldrainagetendtoretainwater.
Areaswithalowelevationrelativetotheperchedwatersystemalsotendtobeinundated.Althoughwet
areascancontainabundantwildlifeandplantresources,theymakerelativelypoorhabitationareaswhen
betterdrainedlocationsareavailable.
Generallyspeaking,higharchaeologicalprobabilityzonesaredefinedasthoseareasofwelldrainedto
excessivelydraineduplandlocaleswithin100meters(328feet)ofawetlandorbodyofwater(i.e.,pond,
creek, or sinkhole), and areas within 100 meters (328 feet) of a hydric or mesic hardwood hammock,
irrespectiveofthesoildrainage.Moderatearchaeologicalprobabilityzonesaredefinedasthoseareas
locatedinwelltosomewhatpoorlydrainedsoilswithin200meters(660feet)ofawetlandorbodyof
wateronoralongtheedgeoftheridge.Lowarchaeologicalprobabilityzonesaredefinedasthoseareas
ofverypoorlydrainedtoexcessivelydraineduplandlocalesnototherwisedesignatedaszonesofhighor
moderate probability. Additionally, areas that were previously surveyed are designated as low
archaeologicalprobabilityzonesiftheprevioussurveydidnotidentifyanyarchaeologicalsites.Zonesof
archaeologicalprobabilityareillustratedontheConceptPlansincludedinAttachmentA.

AreviewofGeneralLandOffice(GLO)historicplatmap(FloridaDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtection
[FDEP] 1850ab, 1852, and 1959) and surveyors field notes (FDEP 1835, 1944ac, and 1850cf) was
conductedtolookatpastenvironmentalconditionssurroundingtheOakHillAlignmentAPE.Theareain
thevicinityoftheAPEwasdescribedpredominantlyassavannahwithpine,sawpalmetto,andscrub.A
fewhammocksareillustratedinthehistoricplatmapsanddescribedinthesurveyorsnotesinthevicinity
of the APE; however, only one hammock was noted within the APE between Sections 30 and 31 of
Township18South,Range35East.ThishammockiswithinanareasurveyedduringtheCulturalResource
Reconnaissance Survey of the ArielScottsmoore 115kv Transmission Line RightofWay, St. Johns and
FlaglerCounties,Florida(Arbuthnotetal.2008,FMSFManuscriptNo.20407).Subsurfacetestingdidnot
identifyanyarchaeologicalmaterialwithinthehammock.
Thehistoricplatmapsandsurveyorsnoteswerealsoreviewedforevidenceofhomesteadsorotherearly
settlement.Duringthenineteenthcentury(post1821),historicsettlementtendedtofollowtheisolated
homesteadorfarmsteadpattern.Individualfamiliesorgroupsofrelatedfamiliesoftenbuilthomesteads
onthebetterdrained,hardwoodhammocks.Therewereusuallyseveralmilesbetweenthesesettlements
toallowroomforfarmfields.Thereviewofthehistoricplatmapsandsurveyorsnotesindicatedthatthe
APE intersects a small portion of several land grants: Jane Murray (600 acres along the Halifax River),
CarolineE.McHardy(granted1100acresalongtheHalifaxRiverin1818),PabloRosette(1705.85acres,
whichwereconferredtoAnthelmGayin1834),theHeirsofNicholoasaGomez(granted1200acresin
1817),andLucasCrayon(811.3acresalongtheIndianRiver).Thehistoricmapsavailableforthisstudydo
notindicatethepresenceofanystructureswithintheOakHillAlignmentAPE.Afewroads,includingthe
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roadbetweenSmyrnaandHaulover(8VO8880),arealsoillustratedinthehistoricplatmapsandnotedin
thesurveyorsnotesasintersectingtheAPE.Thereviewdidnotidentifyanymilitaryforts,encampments,
battlefields,orhistoricalNativeAmericanvillageslocatedwithintheAPE.
Aerialphotographsfrom1943(UniversityofFlorida,GeorgeA.SmathersLibraries2013),1963,and1969
(Florida Department of Transportation [FDOT], Surveying and Mapping Office 2014) were reviewed to
examinelandusewithinthevicinityoftheAPE.The1943historicaerialphotographillustrateslittleurban
developmentintheareasurroundingtheAPE.Afewotherroadsandbuildingswereevidentbutmostof
the area was still covered in vegetation. Several ponds and drainageways were scattered through the
landscape.Bythe1960s,drainageanddevelopmenthadincreased,especiallyinthecitiesofEdgewater
andOakHill,andseveralmoreroadsandstructureswereevident.By1969,developmenthadincreased
inthenorthernportionoftheAPEandtheareasurroundingSR5(US1)remainedinitsnaturalstatesouth
ofEdgewater.Areasofdrylandwithscatteredvegetationconsistentwiththeenvironmentaldescriptions
found in the surveyors notes were visible throughout the APE. Although some drainage and land
modificationhadtakenplacetoallowforurbandevelopment,manywetlandswerestillevidentadjacent
totheAPE.
AreviewoftheSoilSurveyofVolusiaCounty,Florida(UnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture[USDA]
1980) identified the APE as being mostly located within the DaytonaPaolaAstatula general soil
association.Soilscontainedwithinthisgeneralassociationarelocatedinsandridgesandcoastaldunes.
Theyconsistprimarilyofexcessivelywelldrainedtomoderatelywelldrainedsandysoilsinterspersedwith
areasofpoorlyandverypoorlydrainedsoils.Thenaturalvegetationfoundinthesesoilsvariesamongthe
differentsoiltypesandincludescoastalhammocks,densethicketsofscruboak,slashpine,sawpalmetto,
redmaple,andwillow(USDA1980:89).Thedrainagecharacteristicsandenvironmentalassociationfor
eachofthedetailedsoiltypeslocatedwithintheOakHillAlignmentAPEareincludedinTable6.
Table6.CharacteristicsofDetailedSoilTypeswithintheOakHillAlignmentAPE
Drainage
SoilType
EnvironmentalAssociation
Characteristics
ExcessivelyWell
Drained
ModeratelyWell
Drained
Astatulafinesand,0
to8percentslope
Locatedonsandhills.Naturalvegetationconsistsof
sandpine,turkeyoak,sandliveoak,laureloak,and
longleafpinewithanunderstoryoffetterbush,
rosemary,sawpalmetto,andnativegrasses.
Daytonasand,0to5
percentslopes
Locatedongentlyundulatingsandhillsorslightly
elevatedplacesinflatwoods.Naturalvegetationconsists
ofsandpinescruboak,scatteredturkeyoak,slashpine,
andlongleafpinewithanunderstoryofrosemary,
fetterbush,andsawpalmetto.
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Drainage
Characteristics
ModeratelyWell
Drained
SoilType
Orsinofinesand,0to
5percentslopes
Locatedonlowflatridgesandlowsideslopesofhigher
sandhills.Naturalvegetationconsistsofaforestofsand
pinewithanunderstoryofscatteredsawpalmettoand
rosemary.
Tavaresfinesand,0to Locatedonsandridges.Naturalvegetationconsistsofa
5percentslopes
forestoflongleafpine,turkeyoak,scatteredsaw
palmetto,andpinelandthreeawn.
Cassiafinesand
Locatedinslightlyelevatedpositionsinflatwoodsor
lowerpositionsinsandhills.Naturalvegetationconsists
ofscatteredslashpine,longleafpine,andsandpine,
densescrubbyoaks,somesawpalmetto,andnative
grasses.
Immokaleesand
Locatedinflatwoodsandlowareasbetweensand
ridges,orinslightelevatedareasbetweenpondsand
sloughs.Naturalvegetationconsistsofopenforestof
slashpineandlongleafpine,withanunderstoryofsaw
palmetto,runneroak,andpinelandthreeawn.
Myakkafinesand
Locatedinflatwoods.Naturalvegetationconsistsof
slashpine,longleafpine,andsawpalmetto.
Myakkavariantfine
sand
Locatedonswellsinflatwoodsandinhardwood
hammocksnearthecoast.Naturalvegetationconsistsof
hammockforeststhatincludesweetbay,sweetgum,red
maple,pignuthickory,liveoak,andcabbagepalmwith
anunderstoryofsawpalmetto,gallberry,waxmyrtle,
andyaupon.
Pompanofinesand
Locatedinpoorlydraineddrainagewaysandlowareas.
Naturalvegetationconsistsofwetlandgrassesand
shrubssuchasmaidencane,sandcordgrass,andSt.
Johnswort.
Tuscawillafinesand
Locatedinbroadhammocksnearthecoast.Natural
vegetationconsistoflowlandhardwoodhammock.The
overstoryislaureloak,liveoak,sweetgum,andcoastal
pignuthickory,andtheunderstoryiscabbagepalm,
southernmagnolia,southernredcedar,American
hornbeam,waxmyrtle,andlongleafuniola.
Basingerfinesand,
depressional
Depressionsandinafewpoorlydefineddrainagewaysin
theflatwoodsandsandhills.Naturalvegetationconsists
SomewhatPoorly
Drained
PoorlyDrained
VeryPoorly
Drained
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Drainage
Characteristics
VeryPoorly
Drained
SoilType
Immokaleesand,
depressional
Locatedinshallow,intermittentpondsandsloughsin
theflatwoods.NaturalvegetationconsistsofSt.
Johnswort,maidencane,sandcordgrass,and
pickerelweed,withafewslashpinesinhigherareas.
PompanoPlacid
complex
Locatedindepressionsintheflatwoods.Natural
vegetationconsistsofbaldcypress,sweetgum,
sourwood,andredmapleinterspersedwithslashpine
andcabbagepalmandwithanunderstoryofwax
myrtle,fetterbush,andbroomsedgebluestem.
Source:USDA1980:16,17,19,21,27,28,30,31,38,43,46
Theprecedinganalysisofthesoils,drainage,andenvironmentsuggeststhatthoseportionsoftheOak
HillAlignmentAPEthatwerenotincludedinprevioussurveys(Arbuthnotetal.2008andClementetal.
2013)areconsideredtohavelowprobabilityforarchaeologicalsites(Figures11a11c).

A review of GLO historic plat map (FDEP 1850a,) and surveyors field notes (FDEP 1835, 1850c) was
conductedtolookatpastenvironmentalconditionssurroundingtheEdgewaterAlignmentAPE.Thearea
in the vicinity of the APE was described in the surveyors notes predominantly as marsh and scrub,
environmentalareasnottypicallyassociatedwithareasofhigharchaeologicalprobability.
Thehistoricplatmapsandsurveyorsnoteswerereviewedforevidenceofhomesteadsorotherearly
toallowroomforfarmfields.Thereviewofthehistoricplatmapsandsurveyorsnotesindicatedthatthe
APEislocatedalongthesouthernportionoftheGeronimoAlvarezLandGrant(FDEP1950aand1950b),
whichconsistedof500acresalongtheHalifaxRiver(identifiedonthehistoricmapsastheHillsboroor
HillsboroughRiver)grantedtoGeronimoAlvarezin1818(FloridaMemoryProject2013).Thisgrantwas
laterpurchasedbyJohnMiltonHawksinthelate1800s,thefounderofHawksPark,whichbecamethe
cityofEdgewater(SammonsandSikes2005).Thehistoricmapsavailableforthisstudydonotindicate
thepresenceofanystructureswithintheEdgewaterAlignmentAPE.Oneunnamedroadisillustratedon
thehistoricplatmapsanddescribedinthesurveyorsnotesintersectingthepresentdaylocationofPark
AvenuenearSR5(US1). Thereview didnotidentifyanymilitaryforts,encampments,battlefields,or
historicalNativeAmericanvillageslocatedwithintheAPE.
(FDOT,SurveyingandMappingOffice2014)werereviewedtoexaminelandusewithinthevicinityofthe
APE.The1943historicaerialphotographillustratedsomedevelopmentintheareasurroundingtheAPE.
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Severalroads,includingSR5(US1),andbuildingswereevident,aswastheF.E.C.Railroad(8VO8606).
Most of the area still covered in vegetation and several ponds and drainageways are seen scattered
throughthelandscape.Bythe1960s,drainageanddevelopmenthadincreasedalongSR5(US1)aswith
the Oak Hill Alignment APE. The streets for City of Edgewater had been platted though not many
structures are visible. The APE along Park Avenue was still largely in a natural state with only a few
structuresvisiblejusteastofCarolAnnDriveandaroundN.FlaglerAvenue.
A review of the Soil Survey of Volusia County, Florida (USDA 1980) identified the APE as being mostly
located within the DaytonaPaolaAstatula general soil association, described above. The drainage
characteristics and environmental association for each of the detailed soil types located within the
EdgewaterAlignmentAPEareincludedinTable7.
Table7.CharacteristicsofDetailedSoilTypeswithintheEdgewaterAlignmentAPE
Drainage
SoilType
Characteristics
WellDrained
ModeratelyWell
Drained
Astatulafinesand,0
to8percentslope
Locatedonsandhills.Naturalvegetationconsistsof
sandpine,turkeyoak,sandliveoak,laureloak,and
longleafpinewithanunderstoryoffetterbush,
rosemary,sawpalmetto,andnativegrasses.
Daytonasand,0to5
percentslopes
Locatedongentlyundulatingsandhillsorslightly
elevatedplacesinflatwoods.Naturalvegetationconsists
ofsandpinescruboak,scatteredturkeyoak,slashpine,
andlongleafpinewithanunderstoryofrosemary,
fetterbush,andsawpalmetto.
Cassiafinesand
Locatedinslightlyelevatedpositionsinflatwoodsor
lowerpositionsinsandhills.Naturalvegetationconsists
ofscatteredslashpine,longleafpine,andsandpine,
densescrubbyoaks,somesawpalmetto,andnative
grasses.
Myakkafinesand
Locatedinflatwoods.Naturalvegetationconsistsof
slashpine,longleafpine,andsawpalmetto.
Myakkavariantfine
sand
Locatedonswellsinflatwoodsandinhardwood
maple,pignuthickory,liveoak,andcabbagepalmwith
anunderstoryofsawpalmetto,gallberry,waxmyrtle,
andyaupon.
SomewhatPoorly
Drained
PoorlyDrained
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Drainage
Characteristics
SoilType
Wabassofinesand
Locatedinbroad,lowareaswithintheflatwoods.
Naturalvegetationconsistsofslashpine,cabbage
palmetto,sawpalmetto,gallberry,runneroak,dwarf
huckleberry,fetterbush,andnativegrasses.
Pompanofinesand
Naturalvegetationconsistsofwetlandgrassesand
shrubssuchasmaidencane,sandcordgrass,andSt.
Johnswort.
Rivierafinesand
Locatedinbroad,lowflats.Naturalvegetationconsists
ofmixedhardwoodsandcabbagepalm,wateroak,
laureloak,southernmagnolia,slashpine,andsouthern
redcedarwithanunderstoryofwaxmyrtle,gallberry,
fetterbush,andnativegrasses.
PoorlyDrained
Source:USDA1980:16,19,21,28,30,38,40,48
Theprecedinganalysisofthesoils,drainage,andenvironmentsuggeststhattheEdgewaterAlignment
APEislargelylocatedwithinazoneoflowarcheologicalprobability(Figures11a11c).AlongSR5(US1),
thelowarchaeologicalprobabilitywasassignedtoareaspreviouslysurveyedduringtheCulturalResource
AssessmentSurveyfortheUS1/SR5SidewalkProject,VolusiaCounty,Florida(Clementetal.2013;FMSF
ManuscriptNo.20566).AlongParkAvenue,thezoneoflowarchaeologicalprobabilitywasdesignated
basedonpoorsoildrainageandthedevelopednatureoftheAPE.OnesegmentoftheAPEwasdesignated
as a zone of moderate archaeological potential due to its location in an undeveloped area containing
moderatelywelldrainedsoil.ThissegmentislocatedonthesouthsideofParkAvenueapproximately90
meters(295feet)eastofDaleAvenueandextendingforapproximately50meters(164feet)totheeast.

AreviewofGLOhistoricplatmap(FDEP1850ab)andsurveyorsfieldnotes(FDEP1835a,1844a,and
1850cd)wasconductedtolookatpastenvironmentalconditionssurroundingtheEdgewaterAlternative
APE.TheareainthevicinityoftheAPEwasdescribedpredominantlyasflatwoodswith3rdratepineand
scrub,aswellassawpalmettowithinareasoflow,wetsavannahinterspersedwithponds.Althoughafew
hammocksareillustratedinthehistoricplatmapsanddescribedinthesurveyorsnotesinthevicinityof
theEdgewaterAlternative,nohammockswerenotedwithintheAPE.
Thehistoricplatmapsandsurveyorsnoteswerereviewedforevidenceofhomesteadsorotherearly
toallowroomforfarmfields.ThenorthernsegmentoftheEdgewaterAlternativealongParkAvenuewas
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identifiedduringthereviewofthehistoricplatmapsandsurveyorsnotesasbeinglocatedwithinthe
GeronimoAlvarezGrant(FDEP1950aand1950b),discussedabove.Themapsofthepropertyavailable
forthisstudydonotillustrateanystructuresorimprovementswithintheprojectAPE.Thereviewofthe
historicmapsandsurveyorsnotesalsodidnotrevealanyknownmilitaryforts,roads,encampments,
battlefields,orhistoricalNativeAmericanvillagesortrailslocatedwithintheAPE.
(FDOT,SurveyingandMappingOffice2014)werereviewedtoexaminelandusewithinthevicinityofthe
APE.The1943historicaerialphotographillustratedsomedevelopmentintheareasurroundingtheAPE.
By1963,mostofthestreetssurroundingtheAPEhadalreadybeenconstructed.However,muchofthe
landadjacenttothealternativewasnotdevelopedandnaturalvegetationwasstillevident.TheF.E.C.
Railroad(8VO8606)wasalsoclearlyvisibleatthistime.Severalbuildingswerevisibleonparcelsadjacent
totheAPEandidentifiedduringthebackgroundsearch.
AreviewoftheSoilSurveyofVolusiaCounty,Florida(USDA1980)identifiedtheAPEasbeinglocated
entirely within the DaytonaPaolaAstatula general soil association, described above. The drainage
characteristics and environmental association for each of the detailed soil types located within the
EdgewaterAlternativeAPEareincludedinTable8.
Table8.CharacteristicsofDetailedSoilTypeswithintheEdgewaterAlternativeAPE
Drainage
SoilType
Characteristics
WellDrained
Astatula fine sand, 0 Locatedonsandhills.Naturalvegetationconsistsofsand

to8percentslope
pine,turkeyoak,sandliveoak,laureloak,andlongleaf
pinewithanunderstoryoffetterbush,rosemary,saw
palmetto,andnativegrasses.
Daytona sand, 0 to 5 Locatedongentlyundulatingsandhillsorslightlyelevated
percentslopes
placesinflatwoods.Naturalvegetationconsistsofsand
pinescruboak,scatteredturkeyoak,slashpine,and
longleafpinewithanunderstoryofrosemary,fetterbush,
andsawpalmetto.
Moderately
WellDrained
Orsinofinesand,0to Locatedonlowflatridgesandlowsideslopesofhigher
5percentslopes
sandhills.Naturalvegetationconsistsofaforestofsand
pinewithanunderstoryofscatteredsawpalmettoand
rosemary.
Tavares fine sand, 0 Locatedonsandridges.Naturalvegetationconsistsofa
to5percentslopes
forestoflongleafpine,turkeyoak,scatteredsaw
palmetto,andpinelandthreeawn.
Somewhat
PoorlyDrained
Arents
Fillmaterialcomposedofheterogeneousoverburden
removedfromothersoils.Thissoiltypedoesnothave
naturalvegetation.
PAGE29
4240403
Drainage
Characteristics
SoilType
Cassiafinesand
Locatedinslightlyelevatedpositionsinflatwoodsorlower
positionsinsandhills.Naturalvegetationconsistsof
scatteredslashpine,longleafpine,andsandpine,dense
scrubbyoaks,somesawpalmetto,andnativegrasses.
Immokaleesand
Locatedinflatwoodsandlowareasbetweensandridges,
orinslightelevatedareasbetweenpondsandsloughs.
Naturalvegetationconsistsofopenforestofslashpine
andlongleafpine,withanunderstoryofsawpalmetto,
runneroak,andpinelandthreeawn.
Somewhat
PoorlyDrained
Myakka variant fine Locatedonswellsinflatwoodsandinhardwood

sand
maple,pignuthickory,liveoak,andcabbagepalmwithan
understoryofsawpalmetto,gallberry,waxmyrtle,and
yaupon.
PoorlyDrained
VeryPoorly
Drained
Pompanofinesand
Naturalvegetationconsistsofwetlandgrassesandshrubs
suchasmaidencane,sandcordgrass,andSt.Johnswort.
Rivierafinesand
Locatedinbroad,lowflats.Naturalvegetationconsistsof
mixedhardwoodsandcabbagepalm,wateroak,laurel
oak,southernmagnolia,slashpine,andsouthernred
cedarwithanunderstoryofwaxmyrtle,gallberry,
fetterbush,andnativegrasses.
Wabassofinesand
Locatedonbroad,lowareaswithinflatwoods.Natural
vegetationconsistsofopenforestofslashpineand
cabbagepalmettowithanunderstoryofsawpalmetto,
gallberry,runneroak,dwarfhuckleberry,andfetterbush.
PompanoPlacid
complex
Locatedindepressionsintheflatwoods.Natural
vegetationconsistsofbaldcypress,sweetgum,sourwood,
andredmapleinterspersedwithslashpineandcabbage
palmandwithanunderstoryofwaxmyrtle,fetterbush,
andbroomsedgebluestem.
USDA1980:15,16,19,21,27,30,31,38,40,43,48
Theprecedinganalysisofthesoils,drainage,andenvironmentsuggeststhattheEdgewaterAlternative
APE is located mostly within a zone of low archaeological probability. A small zone of moderate
archaeologicalprobabilityalongthesouthsideofParkAvenuewasdescribedinthesectionabove.
PAGE30
4240403

AreviewofGLOhistoricplatmap(FDEP1852)andsurveyorsfieldnotes(FDEP1844ab)wasconducted
tolookatpastenvironmentalconditionssurroundingthepotentialtrailheadsAPE.Theareainthevicinity
of the APE was described predominantly as savannah. No hammocks were noted within the APE. The
reviewofthehistoricplatmapsandsurveyorsnotesalsoindicatedthatthetrailheadsarelocatedwithin
thePabloRosettelandgrantdescribedintheOakHillAlignmentenvironmentalsection.Thehistoricmaps
availableforthisstudydonotindicatethepresenceofanystructureswithinthetrailheads.
Historicaerialsfrom1951and1963werereviewedtoexaminelandusewithinthevicinityoftheAPE.The
historicaerialphotographsshowedthelocationofthenorthernmosttrailheadasaflat,wetareaadjacent
toahammock.NostructureswereevidentwithintheAPEforthenorthernmosttrailheadin1951or1963.
The1951historicaerialphotographshowedthesouthernmosttrailheadinadisturbedareathatappeared
tohavebeenscraped.Nostructureswereevidentatthislocationin1951,butastructureandassociated
parkinglotwereclearlyevidentonthe1963historicaerialphotograph.
A review of the Soil Survey of Volusia County, Florida (USDA 1980) identified the APE as being mostly
locatedwithintheDaytonaPaolaAstatulageneralsoilassociation,describedintheabovesections.The
northernmost trailhead contains Pompano fine sand. This poorly drained soil type is located in poorly
draineddrainagewaysandlowareas.Naturalvegetationconsistsofwetlandgrassesandshrubssuchas
maidencane,sandcordgrass,andSt.Johnswort.ThesouthernmostcontainsImmokaleesand.Thispoorly
drainedsoiltypeislocatedinflatwoodsandlowareasbetweensandridges,orinslightelevatedareas
betweenpondsandsloughs.Naturalvegetationconsistsofopenforestofslashpineandlongleafpine,
withanunderstoryofsawpalmetto,runneroak,andpinelandthreeawn.
Theprecedinganalysisofthesoils,drainage,andenvironmentsuggeststhatthepotentialtrailheadsare
located within a zone of low archaeological probability. The current footprint of the northernmost
trailheadislocatedinadepressionadjacenttothewesternedgeofatreeisland.Shouldthefootprintof
thistrailheadbeexpandedeast,thistreeislandmayneedtobesurveyedforarchaeologicalsites.
PAGE31
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9 Conclusions
The FDOT conducted a PD&E Study to develop a trail connection between the ends of the ECRRT in
Titusville(BrevardCounty)andinEdgewater(VolusiaCounty).Theobjectivesofthisdesktopanalysiswere
to provide preliminary cultural resource information to assist in the avoidance of resources listed,
determined eligible, or considered eligible for listing in the National Register, and to identify areas of
archaeological probability and previously recorded cultural resources that may be affected by the
proposedprojectimprovementsfortheOakHillAlignment,theEdgewaterAlignment,andtheEdgewater
Alternative of the Titusville to Edgewater Trail in Volusia County. Also considered were two possible
trailheadlocationstotheeastoftheOakHillAlignment.

TheculturalresourcesdesktopanalysisidentifiedfivearchaeologicalsiteswithintheOakHillAlignment
APE: Vaut Place (8VO115A), two sites with no names (8VO116A and 8VO117), Edgewater Mound
(8VO116B),andHaciendadeRio(8VO9275).ThelocationsofVautPlace(8VO115A)andthetwositeswith
nonames(8VO116Aand8VO117)areunknownandtheirlocationsarerecordedintheFMSFasgeneral
vicinity.AreviewoftheFMSFformsandassociatedmanuscriptsforeachoftheseresourcesindicates
testingconductedaspartoftheCRASfortheUS1/SR5SidewalkProject,VolusiaCounty,Florida(Clement
etal.2013;FMSFManuscriptNo.20566),determinedthatVautPlace(8VO115A)VO116A,and8VO117
arenotlocatedwithintheSR5(US1)ROW.TheEdgewaterMound(8VO116B)wasalsoexcavatedaspart
ofthe2013surveyandnoculturalremainswereidentifiedwithintheSR5(US1)ROW.Basedonthe
2013survey,noneofthesesitesarelocatedwithintheOakHillAlignmentAPE.
TheFMSFGISdataindicatesthatHaciendadelRioSite(8VO9275)islocatedwithintheSR5(US1)ROW
and within the Oak Hill Alignment APE. However, Stines report from 1998 as well as the FMSF
archaeologicalsiteformindicatetheboundariesofthesitearelocatedoutsideoftheroadROWandthe
OakHillAlignmentAPE.
Thearchaeologicalprobabilityanalysisconductedaspartofthisstudysuggeststhatthisalignmenthasa
lowprobabilityforcontainingarchaeologicalsites.
Background research identified four previously recorded historic linear resources within the Oak Hill
Alignment APE: the New Smyrna to Haulover Canal Road (8VO8880), the McDougal PlantationCedar
Bluff/AgTrail(8VO9273),theMcDougalPlantationTrailtoLanding(8VO9274),andUS1(8VO9432).
The National Register eligibility of the New Smyrna to Haulover Canal Road (8VO8880) has not been
evaluated.TheFMSFformforthisresourceindicatesthatitislocatedundertheexistingKennedyParkway
(SR3),whichfollowsthesamealignmentasthehistoricroad.TheOakHillAlignmentabutsthenorthside
ofKennedyParkway(SR3)pavementandasurveyconductedusingGoogleEarthrevealednoevidenceof
thisresourcewithintheAPE.
The National Register eligibility of the McDougal PlantationCedar Bluff/Ag Trail (8VO9273) and the
McDougalPlantationTrailtoLanding(8VO9274)hasnotbeenevaluated.Bothoftheseresourcesare
18thcenturytrailsthatwererecordedintheFMSFbasedontheirlocationsonhistoricmaps.AGoogle
Earth survey revealed no evidence of the trails and suggests that they have been disturbed by the
PAGE32
4240403
constructionofSR5(US1),aditchontheeastsideofSR5(US1),andtheconstructionofbuildings
adjacenttoSR5(US1).
TheportionofUS1(8VO9432)withintheOakHillAlignmentAPEbetweenOrangeAvenueandS.Cory
DrivewasevaluatedbytheSHPOasNationalRegisterineligiblein2013.Theeligibilityoftheremainder
ofSR5(US1)withintheOakHillAlignmentAPEhasnotbeenevaluatedbytheSHPO.

The cultural resources desktop analysis did not identify any previously recorded archaeological sites
within the Edgewater Alignment APE. The archaeological probability analysis identified one area of
moderateprobabilitywithintheEdgewaterAlignmentAPEandsuggestedthattheremainderoftheAPE
hasalowprobabilityforcontainingarchaeologicalsites.Theareaofmoderateprobabilityislocatedon
thesouthsideofParkAvenue,approximately90meters(295feet)southofDaleStreet.
Twopreviouslyrecordedhistoriclinearresources,theF.E.C.Railroad(8VO8606)andUS1(8VO9432),are
locatedwithintheEdgewaterAlignmentAPE.AportionoftheF.E.C.Railroad(8VO8606)intersectsthe
EdgewaterAlignmentAPEatParkAvenueadjacenttoRailroadAvenue.ThisportionoftheF.E.C.Railroad
hasnotbeenevaluatedbytheSHPO;however,thisresourceisgenerallyconsideredeligibleforinclusion
intheNationalRegisterinareaswheretherailroadtracksareextant,asintheAPE.TheportionsofUS1
(8VO9432)betweenChurchStreetandLouisaDrive,andbetweenW.TurgotAvenueandOrangeAvenue,
wereevaluatedbytheSHPOasNationalRegisterineligiblein2013.TheeligibilityoftheremainderofSR
5(US1)withintheEdgewaterAlignmentAPEhasnotbeenevaluatedbytheSHPO.

The cultural resources desktop analysis did not identify any previously recorded archaeological sites
within the Edgewater Alternative APE. The archaeological probability analysis identified one area of
moderateprobabilitywithintheEdgewaterAlternativeAPEandsuggestedthattheremainderoftheAPE
hasalowprobabilityforcontainingarchaeologicalsites.Theareaofmoderateprobabilityislocatedon
thesouthsideofParkAvenue,approximately90meters(295feet)southofDaleStreet.
TwopreviouslyrecordedhistoriclinearresourceswererecordedwithintheEdgewaterAlternativeAPE,
F.E.C.Railroad(8VO8606)andUS1(8VO9432).TheportionoftheF.E.C.Railroad(8VO8606)withinthe
EdgewaterAlternativeAPEattheintersectionofRobertsRoadandHibiscusDrivehasnotbeenevaluated
bytheSHPO.ThisresourceisgenerallyconsideredeligibleforinclusionintheNationalRegisterinareas
wheretherailroadtracksareextant,suchastheportionthatintersectstheEdgewaterAlternativeAPE.
US1(8VO9432)intersectstheeasternterminusoftheEdgewaterAlternativeAPE.Theportionofthis
linearresourcewithintheEdgewaterAlternativeAPEwasevaluatedbytheSHPOin2013asineligiblefor
inclusionintheNationalRegister.

Theculturalresourcesdesktopanalysisidentifiednopreviouslyrecordedarchaeologicalsiteswithinthe
possiblelocationofthetrailheads.Thearchaeologicalprobabilityanalysisindicatedthatbothlocations
havealowpotentialforcontainingarchaeologicalsites.Thisanalysisidentifiedahammockadjacentto
PAGE33
4240403
thenorthernmosttrailheadandfurtherinvestigationsarerecommendedifthetrailheadexpandstothe
eastofwhereitiscurrentlyproposed.
9.5 Summary of Findings

ItappearsthatnoneofthealignmentsoralternativesarelikelytoimpactanypreviouslyrecordedNational
Registerlisted or eligible archaeological sites. Additional investigations may be needed to determine
whether an unrecorded archaeological site is located within the area of moderate probability located
withintheEdgewaterAlignmentandEdgewaterAlternative.Ifasiteisidentified,coordinationwillalso
beneededwiththeSHPOandtheFHWAtodetermineitsNationalRegistereligibilityandanypotential
effects.Thebackgroundresearchalsosuggestedthatthealignmentsareunlikelytoimpactpreviously
recordedorpotentiallyhistoricresourceswiththeexceptionofthoseportionsofUS1(8VO9432)within
all of the alignments and the F.E.C. Railroad (8VO8606) crossing within the Edgewater Alignment and
EdgewaterAlternativethathavenotbeenpreviouslyevaluatedbytheSHPO.Althoughitseemsunlikely
thattheF.E.C.Railroad(8VO8606)crossingandUS1(8VO9432)willbeadverselyimpacted,coordination
withtheSHPOandtheFHWAwillbeneededtodeterminethesignificanceoftheseresourcesandany
potentialeffects.
PAGE34
4240403
10 References
Arbuthnot,MichaelA.,S.Brian,andMarissaGordon
2008 ACulturalResourceReconnaissanceSurveyoftheArielScottsmoore115kvTransmissionLine
RightofWay,St.JohnsandFlaglerCounties,Florida.Manuscriptonfile,FloridaDivisionof
HistoricalResources,Tallahassee.
Clement,Chris,ElizabethMurphy,andEdwardSalo
2013 CulturalResourceAssessmentSurveyfortheUS1/SR5SidewalkProject,VolusiaCounty,
Florida.Manuscriptonfile,FloridaDivisionofHistoricalResources,Tallahassee.
FloridaDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtection(FDEP)
1835 SurveyorsNotesforTownship17South,Range34East.Electronicdocument,
http://199.73.242.56/default.asp,accessedApril29,2014.
1844 SurveyorsNotesforTownship18South,Range34East.Electronicdocument,
1850a PlatMapforTownship17South,Range34East.DivisionofStateLands,BoardofTrusteesLand
DocumentSystem.Electronicdocument,http://199.73.242.56/default.asp,accessedApril29,
2014.
1850b PlatMapforTownship18South,Range34East.DivisionofStateLands,BoardofTrusteesLand
DocumentSystem.Electronicdocument,http://199.73.242.56/default.asp,accessedApril29,
2014.
1850c SurveyorsNotesforTownship17South,Range34East.Electronicdocument,
FloridaDepartmentofTransportation(FDOT),SurveyingandMappingOffice
2014 AerialPhotographyArchive.Electronicdocuments,
http://www.dot.state.fl.us/surveyingandmapping/aerial_get.shtm,accessedApril29,2014.
FloridaDivisionofHistoricalResources(FDHR).
2015 FloridaCertifiedLocalGovernments(AsofMay20,2014).Electronicdocument,
www.flheritage.com/preservation/clg/docs/CLG_list.pdf,accessedFebruary16,2015.
FloridaMemoryProject
2013 SpanishLandGrants.Electronicdocument,
http://www.floridamemory.com/collections/spanishlandgrants/,accessedJuly17,2014.
Sammons,SandraWallusandJoAnneSikes
2005 ImagesofAmerica:Edgewater.ArcadiaPublishing,Charleston,SouthCarolina.
PAGE35
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Stine,FrancesLinda
1998 ReportofArchaeologicalFieldInvestigations,HaciendadelRioPlannedCommunity,Volusia
County,Florida.ManuscriptonfilewiththePlanningDivision,GrowthManagement
Department,CountyofVolusia,Florida.
UnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture(USDA)
1980 SoilSurveyofVolusiaCounty,Florida.UnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture/Natural
ResourcesConservationService.
UniversityofFlorida,GeorgeA.SmathersLibraries
2013 AerialPhotography:FloridaCollection.UniversityofFloridaDigitalCollections.Electronic
documents,http://ufdc.ufl.edu/aerials,accessedApril30,2014.
PAGE36
AttachmentA:
ConceptPlans
Potential Trailhead
Potential Trailhead
US 1 (8VO9432) National
Register-Ineligible Segment
Zone of Moderate
Archaeological
Probability
National Register-Eligible
Florida East Coast
Railroad (8VO8606)
AttachmentB:
CLGCoordinationCorrespondence
Cristina Echazabal
From:
Sent:
To:
Cc:
Subject:
Dorothy MOORE <moore1322@bellsouth.net>

Thursday, March 19, 2015 12:47 PM
Cristina Echazabal
Julie Scofield
Re: FW: CLG Coordination for the US 1 Alternative of the Titusville to Edgewater Trail
Project
Cristina, not aware if Julie Scofield replied to this so just a short note that I agree with any of her statements.
Not aware of any other documented sites that may be impacted by this trail construction.
Thanks for asking.
Dot Moore
-------------------------------------------On Wed, 3/11/15, Cristina Echazabal <cristina_echazabal@janus-research.com> wrote:
Subject: FW: CLG Coordination for the US 1 Alternative of the Titusville to Edgewater Trail Project
To: "Julie Scofield" <jscofield@volusia.org>, "moore1322@bellsouth.net" <moore1322@bellsouth.net>
Date: Wednesday, March 11, 2015, 5:02 PM
Good afternoon, Last year, I contacted you regarding the US 1 Alternative of the Titusville to Edgewater Trail
Project. I would like to amend my request for comment as the project limits have changed slightly. A project
location map is attached for your reference. Similar to the previous alternative, the project improvements being
currently proposed consist of the development of a trail that connects to the East Central Regional Rail Trail
(ECRRT) in Edgewater (Volusia County). The proposed trail is anticipated to be a combination of on-road and
off-road trail segments within existing road right of way (ROW).
The project corridor consists of the combined Edgewater Alignment and Oak Hill Alignment. The current limits
of the Edgewater Alignment extend from Dale Avenue east along Park Avenue to US 1, then south to Orange
Avenue. The current limits of the Oak Hill Alignment extend from Orange Avenue south along US 1 to Kenney
Parkway (SR 3).
Background research did not identify any archaeological sites within road ROW along the project corridor. The
following historic linear resources were identified as intersecting the road ROW along the project corridors:
F.E.C. Railroad (8VO8606)
McDougal Plantation-Cedar Bluff/Ag Trail (8VO9273) McDougal Plantation-Trail to Landing (8VO9274) New
Smyrna to Haulover Canal Road (8VO8880) US 1 (8VO9432)
We would appreciate your input on any locally designated archaeological or historic resources, as well as any
other archaeological or historical issues and concerns. Please let us know if you have any questions.
Thank you for your time,
Cristina Echazabal
Archaeologist
Cristina Echazabal
From:
Sent:
To:
Subject:
Julie Scofield <jscofield@volusia.org>

Thursday, March 12, 2015 10:30 AM
Cristina Echazabal
Re: FW: CLG Coordination for the US 1 Alternative of the Titusville to Edgewater Trail
Project
Hi Cristina,
I don't know of any other sites or have concerns for cultural resources that might be impacted by this
alignment.
Best,
Julie Adams Scofield, AICP

Historic Preservation Officer
Certified Local Government
County of Volusia Parks, Recreation & Culture
202 N. Florida Ave.
DeLand, FL 32720
(386) 736-5953 x 12008
>>> Cristina Echazabal <cristina_echazabal@janus-research.com> 3/11/2015 5:02 PM >>>

Good afternoon,
Last year, I contacted you regarding the US 1 Alternative of the Titusville to Edgewater Trail Project. I would
like to amend my request for comment as the project limits have changed slightly. A project location map is
attached for your reference. Similar to the previous alternative, the project improvements being currently
proposed consist of the development of a trail that connects to the East Central Regional Rail Trail (ECRRT) in
Edgewater (Volusia County). The proposed trail is anticipated to be a combination of on-road and off-road trail
segments within existing road right of way (ROW).
The project corridor consists of the combined Edgewater Alignment and Oak Hill Alignment. The current limits
of the Edgewater Alignment extend from Dale Avenue east along Park Avenue to US 1, then south to Orange
Avenue. The current limits of the Oak Hill Alignment extend from Orange Avenue south along US 1 to Kenney
Parkway (SR 3).
Background research did not identify any archaeological sites within road ROW along the project corridor. The
following historic linear resources were identified as intersecting the road ROW along the project corridors:
*
F.E.C. Railroad (8VO8606)
McDougal Plantation-Cedar Bluff/Ag Trail (8VO9273)
McDougal Plantation-Trail to Landing (8VO9274)
New Smyrna to Haulover Canal Road (8VO8880)

1
US 1 (8VO9432)
We would appreciate your input on any locally designated archaeological or historic resources, as well as any
other archaeological or historical issues and concerns. Please let us know if you have any questions.
Thank you for your time,

Cristina Echazabal
Archaeologist
Janus Research
1107 N. Ward Street
Tampa, FL 33607
Phone: 813.636.8200
E-mail: cristina_echazabal@janus-research.com
From: Cristina Echazabal
Sent: Tuesday, June 24, 2014 2:20 PM
To: 'Julie Scofield'; moore1322@bellsouth.net
Subject: FW: CLG Coordination for the US 1 Alternative of the Titusville to Edgewater Trail Project
Good afternoon,
I would like to follow up on the CLG coordination for the US 1 Alternative of the Titusville to Edgewater Trail
Project. Please let me know if you have any questions, comments, or concerns regarding this project.
Thank you,
Cristina Echazabal
Sent: Thursday, June 19, 2014 9:37 AM
To: 'Julie Scofield'
Cc: moore1322@bellsouth.net<mailto:moore1322@bellsouth.net>
Subject: RE: CLG Coordination for the US 1 Alternative of the Titusville to Edgewater Trail Project
Good morning Julie,
The US 1 Alternative follows US 1 from Park Avenue in Edgewater until it crosses out of US 1 and onto SR
3/Kennedy Parkway just south of Oakhill. It then follows SR 3/Kennedy Parkway until it reaches the county
line.
The resources within the project corridor are as follows:

*
8VO115A/Vaut Place,
8VO116A/No Name,
2
8VO116B/Edgewater Mound,
8VO117/No Name,
8VO9275/Hacienda de Rio Site,
8VO8880/New Smyrna to Haulover Canal
8VO8606/Florida East Coast Railroad
8VO8964/FEC Okeechobee Branch
8VO9273/McDougal Plantation-Cedar Bluff/Ag Trail
8VO9274/McDougal Plantation-Trail to Landing
8VO9407/Elliot Plantation Complex
8VO9432/US 1
Thank you,
Cristina Echazabal
-----Original Message----From: Julie Scofield [mailto:jscofield@volusia.org]

Sent: Thursday, June 19, 2014 8:39 AM
To: Cristina Echazabal
Cc: moore1322@bellsouth.net<mailto:moore1322@bellsouth.net>
Subject: Re: CLG Coordination for the US 1 Alternative of the Titusville to Edgewater Trail Project
Good morning,
Your description is a bit confusing to me--rather than following US 1 to the south, this appears to be along 3,
correct?
There are no locally designated sites in the area, but the Shiloh/Elliot Plantation archaeological resources are
of critical concern, heading our list of most endangered properties in the county due to the proposed plans for
the commercial spaceport (EIS underway). Could you provide the FMSF numbers you have included so I can
confirm that they are all accounted for in your analysis?
Thank you!
Best,

202 N. Florida Ave.
DeLand, FL 32720
(386) 736-5953 x 12008
>>> Cristina Echazabal <cristina_echazabal@janus-research.com<mailto:cristina_echazabal@janusresearch.com>> 6/16/2014 10:11 AM >>>

Good morning,
In addition to the Edgewater Alternative we discussed last month, Janus Research is conducting a cultural
resources desktop analysis of the US 1 Alternative of the Titusville to Edgewater Trail Project in Volusia
County. A project location map is attached for your reference. Similar to the Edgewater Alternative, the
proposed project improvements consist of the development of a trail connection between the ends of the East
Central Regional Rail Trail (ECRRT) in Titusville (Brevard County) and in Edgewater (Volusia County). The
proposed trail is anticipated to be a combination of on-road and off-road trail segments.
The US 1 Alternative runs along Park Avenue from Air Park Road to US 1, then turns south and runs along US
1/South Ridgewood Avenue until the intersection on Kennedy Parkway, and south along Kennedy Parkway
until it terminates at the Brevard County line.
The FMSF search identified five previously recorded archaeological sites, one archaeological complex, four
historic roads, and two historic railroads within the project corridor. We would appreciate your input on any
locally designated archaeological or historic resources, as well as any other archaeological or historical issues
and concerns. Please let us know if you have any questions.
Cristina Echazabal
Archaeologist
Janus Research
4
1107 N. Ward Street

Tampa, FL 33607
Phone: 813.636.8200
E-mail: cristina_echazabal@janus-research.com<mailto:cristina_echazabal@janus-research.com>
Cristina Echazabal
From:
Sent:
To:
Cc:
Subject:
Dorothy MOORE <moore1322@bellsouth.net>

Friday, May 30, 2014 4:12 PM
Cristina Echazabal
Julie Scofield; Roger Grange
Re: CLG Coordination for the Edgewater Alternative of the Titusville to Edgewater Trail
Project
Afternoon, Cristina, and thanks for contacting me about this trail route and possible cultural resource issues along its route
from US 1/Roberts Road north to Park Avenue in Edgewater.
I am not aware of any undocumented or documented sites along the trail course itself. There are possibilities though for
traces of several historic occupations/features. There was an 18th Century British plantation located within the southern
portion of this trail's area. This was a 20,000 acre grant from King George III to Clotworthy Upton. His overseer was
William Makdougall (spelled several different ways) whose headquarters area I documented as 8VO9316 (GV) on FMSF.
This grant extended west from the river for several miles but no field work has yet been accomplished to document the
boundaries of this large plantation. If there are any undocumented sites associated with this plantation, they would likely
be agricultural features and structures. Indigo was the crop of choice but some planters here were raising sugar cane for
sugar extraction. And, turpentine and naval stores were export products.
The Kings Road, a British 18th C trail funded by the Governor's office, ran south from St. Augustine to New Smyrna, then
extended south from New Smyrna to another British 18th C plantation owned by William Elliot; overseer John Ross,
where the road ended. This plantation is in southernmost Volusia County and is documented on FMSF. Unfortunately,
most of the Kings Road route through southeastern Volusia County is not listed on FMSF, although it is really eligible for
NRHP. We can't at this time define the exact route used for the Kings Road when it was built through what is now
Edgewater. I suspect it may have been closer to the current US 1 corridor.
When Henry Flagler had his railroad constructed south along the coastal area c 1890's, I've been told the roadbeds were
constructed of mined midden shells from prehistoric middens along the route. We do know this action destroyed a large
shell midden (Rock House Mound) just north of mid-town New Smyrna. We have a map that depicts his tram route to/from
this midden from the roadbed area. I suspect many of the large shells middens once located in Edgewater were destroyed
by this action as well as shell mined later for roadways. The point is that if prehistoric resources were mined for the
railroad beds, some artifacts from the middens may be scattered along the route of portions of the trail. No provenience
for these, of course, but could be interesting finds.
The map appears to indicate this trail ends across from Massey Ranch Airport on Park Ave. Will it be extended to the
north somewhere along Park Ave.?
Any questions if the above is confusing, please email. Have a good upcoming weekend.
Dot Moore
PS: Hi to Kate!
On Friday, May 30, 2014 2:06 PM, Cristina Echazabal <cristina_echazabal@janus-research.com> wrote:
Good afternoon,
Julie Adams Scofield recommended that I contact you regarding the issue below. We would greatly
appreciate your input on the matter.
Thank you,
Cristina Echazabal
1
-----Original Message----From: Julie Scofield [mailto:jscofield@volusia.org]

Sent: Friday, May 30, 2014 1:38 PM
To: Cristina Echazabal
Subject: Re: FW: CLG Coordination for the Edgewater Alternative of the Titusville to Edgewater Trail
Project
Hi Cristina,
I don't know of any resources in that area (or any that would not be on the FMSF) to be concerned
about. To be on the safe side, I recommend you contact Dot Moore (moore1322@bellsouth.net) who
is more familiar with the area than I am.
Kind regards,
Julie

202 N. Florida Ave.
DeLand, FL 32720
(386) 736-5953 x 12008
>>> Cristina Echazabal <cristina_echazabal@janus-research.com> 5/30/2014 1:22 PM >>>
Good afternoon,
I would like to follow up on the email below. We would appreciate your input in this matter.
Thank you,
Cristina Echazabal
Sent: Wednesday, May 21, 2014 4:12 PM
To: 'jscofield@co.volusia.fl.us'
Cc: Kate Hoffman
Subject: CLG Coordination for the Edgewater Alternative of the Titusville to Edgewater Trail Project
Good afternoon,
Janus Research is conducting a cultural resources desktop analysis of the Edgewater Alternative of
the Titusville to Edgewater Trail Project in Volusia County. A project location map is attached for your
reference. The proposed project improvements consist of the development of a trail connection
between the ends of the East Central Regional Rail Trail (ECRRT) in Titusville (Brevard County) and
in Edgewater (Volusia County). The proposed trail is anticipated to be a combination of on-road and
off-road trail segments. The Edgewater Alternative begins at the intersection of US 1 and Roberts
Road. The route follows Roberts Road, west across the Florida East Coast (FEC) Railroad tracks, to
Hibiscus Drive. It then runs north, between the railroad tracks and Hibiscus Drive pavement, to SR
442. The route continues north, between the railroad tracks and Hibiscus Drive pavement, to 16th
Street. The route follows 16th Street, west to Mango Tree Drive; then follows Mango Tree Drive, north
to Park Avenue. A search of the FMSF identified no archaeological sites within or adjacent to the
proposed trail. The FMSF search identified the Florida FEC Railroad (8VO8606) within the proposed
trail for approximately 1.9 miles and US 1 (8VO9432) intersecting eastern termini of the alternative.
2
US 1 (8VO9432) was evaluated by the SHPO as ineligible for inclusion in the National Register.
We would appreciate your input on any locally designated archaeological or historic resources, as
well as any other archaeological or historical issues and concerns. Please let us know if you have any
questions.
Cristina Echazabal
Archaeologist
Janus Research
1107 N. Ward Street
Tampa, FL 33607
Phone: 813.636.8200
E-mail: cristina_echazabal@janus-research.com<mailto:adam_schieffer@janus-research.com>
AttachmentC:
SHPOConcurrenceLetterfrom2013forthe
CulturalResourceAssessmentSurveyforthe
US1/SR5SidewalkProject,VolusiaCounty

CR T2e Trail Volusia Tech Memo 4-9-15 (424040-2, 424040-3) Opt

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Florida Department of

2.1 Project Alternatives

3 Recommended Alternative for SR 5 (US 1)

3.1 Kennedy Parkway to Roberts Road

4 Locally Preferred Alternative (Off US1)

4.2 Hibiscus Drive from Roberts Road to 16th Street

4.3 16th Street and Mango Tree Drive

4.4 Park Avenue Typical Section

6.1 Local Informants and Certified Local Government Coordination

7.1 Oak Hill Alignment

7.1.2 Previously Recorded Cultural Resources

Prehistoric lowdensity artifact scatter, Ineligible

Prehistoric campsite, extractive site, Notevaluated

7.2 Edgewater Alignment

7.2.2 Previously Recorded Cultural Resources

7.3 Edgewater Alternative

7.3.2 Previously Recorded Cultural Resources

7.4 Potential Trailheads

8 Archaeological Probability Analysis

8.1 Oak Hill Alignment

8.2 Edgewater Alignment

8.3 Edgewater Alternative

Astatula fine sand, 0 Locatedonsandhills.Naturalvegetationconsistsofsand

Myakka variant fine Locatedonswellsinflatwoodsandinhardwood

8.4 Potential Trailheads

9.1 Oak Hill Alignment

9.2 Edgewater Alignment

9.3 Edgewater Alternative

9.4 Potential Trailheads

9.5 Summary of Findings

Dorothy MOORE <moore1322@bellsouth.net>

Julie Scofield <jscofield@volusia.org>

Julie Adams Scofield, AICP

>>> Cristina Echazabal <cristina_echazabal@janus-research.com> 3/11/2015 5:02 PM >>>

F.E.C. Railroad (8VO8606)

McDougal Plantation-Cedar Bluff/Ag Trail (8VO9273)

McDougal Plantation-Trail to Landing (8VO9274)

New Smyrna to Haulover Canal Road (8VO8880)

Thank you for your time,

Good morning Julie,

The resources within the project corridor are as follows:

8VO9275/Hacienda de Rio Site,

8VO8880/New Smyrna to Haulover Canal

8VO8606/Florida East Coast Railroad

8VO8964/FEC Okeechobee Branch

8VO9273/McDougal Plantation-Cedar Bluff/Ag Trail

8VO9274/McDougal Plantation-Trail to Landing

8VO9407/Elliot Plantation Complex

-----Original Message----From: Julie Scofield [mailto:jscofield@volusia.org]

Julie Adams Scofield, AICP

>>> Cristina Echazabal <cristina_echazabal@janus-research.com<mailto:cristina_echazabal@janusresearch.com>> 6/16/2014 10:11 AM >>>

1107 N. Ward Street

Dorothy MOORE <moore1322@bellsouth.net>

-----Original Message----From: Julie Scofield [mailto:jscofield@volusia.org]

Julie Adams Scofield, AICP

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