extIPA SYMBOLS FOR DISORDERED SPEECH

(Revised to 2008)
CONSONANTS (other than on the IPA Chart)
bilabial

labiodental

dentolabial

labioalv.

linguolabial

interdental

bidental

alveolar

velar

velophar.

Plosive

Nasal

Trill

Fricative
median
Fricative
lateral+median
Fricative
nareal

Percussive
Approximant
lateral

Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

DIACRITICS

labial spreading
dentolabial
interdental/bidental
alveolar
linguolabial

strong articulation
weak articulation
reiterated articulation
whistled articulation
sliding articulation

CONNECTED SPEECH
(.)
short pause
(..)
medium pause
(...)
long pause
f
loud speech [{f f}]
ff
louder speech [{ff ff}]
p
quiet speech [{p p}]
pp
quieter speech [{pp pp}]
allegro
fast speech [{allegro allegro}]
lento
slow speech [{lento lento}]

indeterminate sound, consonant, vowel

indeterminate voiceless plosive, nasal, etc

()
(( ))

silent articulation
(), ()
extraneous noise, e.g. ((2 sylls))

ICPLA 2008

VOICING

()
(
)
()
(
)

crescendo, ralentando, etc. may also be used

OTHERS
()

denasal
nasal escape
velopharyngeal friction
ingressive airflow
egressive airflow

pre-voicing
post-voicing
partial devoicing
initial partial devoicing
final partial devoicing
partial voicing
initial partial voicing
final partial voicing
unaspirated

pre-aspiration

Velodorsal articulation

alveolar and sublaminal clicks (cluck-click)

sound with no available symbol

sublaminal lower alveolar percussive click