Chng 6:

Op-Amp

NOI DUNG
Gii thiu Op-Amp
Mch Op-Amp c bn
Mch Op-Amp nang cao

Chng 6-2

6.1 Gii thieu Op-Amp

Ten goi
Cau tao
Ky hieu
ac tnh
ac tuyen
Mo hnh Op-Amp ly tng
Mach so sanh
Mot so Op-Amp thc te

Chng 6-3

Ten goi Op-Amp

Vi mch khuch i thut ton (Operational Amplifier)
k hiu l OpAmp u tin c dng ni v cc
mch khuch i c kh nng thay i theo mch ghp
ni bn ngoi thc hin cc php bin i ton hc
nh cng tr, bin i t l, vi tch phn... trong cc my
tnh tng t.
Nh s pht trin ca cng ngh bn dn, Op-Amp ngy cng
tr nn tin cy, kch thc nh, n nh nhit, v vy, ngy
nay opamp c s dng nh l thnh phn c bn ca cc
ng dng khuch i, bin i tn hiu, cc b lc tch cc,
to hm v chuyn i.

Chng 6-4

Cau tao Op-Amp

C s ca vi mch khuch i thut ton l cc tng khuch i vi sai.
Cc vi mch khuch i thut ton bao gm ba phn:
9
Khuch i vi sai:
Dng khuch i tn hiu vo, c c im l khuch i nhiu thp,
tr khng vo cao, thng u ra vi sai.
9 Khuch i in p:
To ra h s khuch i in p cao, thng u ra n cc.
9 Khuch i u ra:
Dng vi tn hiu ra, cho php kh nng ti dng ln, tr khng ra
thp, c cc mch chng ngn mch v hn ch dng in.

Chng 6-5

Ky hieu Op-Amp

Vi+: ng vo khng o
Vo: ng ra
Vi-: ng vo o
+/-VS cung cp ngun

Chng 6-6

ac tnh Op-Amp

Mt b vi mch khuch i thut ton khuch i vi sai in p

vd= v1 v2 gia 2 tn hiu vo. H s khuch i in p h
mch c tnh theo cng thc:
AOL=V0/Vd
vd: ng vo vi sai
AOL li p vng h
Rd in tr vo
R0 in tr ra

BW=f1-f2 :bandwidth

CMRR = = 20log Avd (dB)

AVC

1 Vc
V o = A dV d 1 +

CMRR
V
d

Chng 6-7

ac tuyen Op-Amp

+/- Vs ngng in th ng vo (rt b vi

trm micro vol)
+/-V0max gi tr cc i ng ra
Vi < -Vs: vng bo ha m
Vi > -Vs: vng bo ha dng
-Vs< Vi<+Vs: Vng khuch i tuyn tnh

Chng 6-8

Mo hnh Op-Amp ly tng

trnh tn hiu ra bo ha khi tn hiu vo qu

nh , khng dng cch khuch i vng h khi
khng cn thit.
tn hiu vo ln v tn hiu ra khng b bo
ho ( khng b xn) khuch i hi tip ( cho
1 phn tn hiu ra vo li ng vo)
Chng 6-9

Mach so sanh dung Op-Amp

y
y
y
y

So snh khng o:

in th chun Vref > 0V t ng vo (-)

in th so snh Ei a vo ng vo (+)
Khi Ei > Vref th V0 = +Vsat
Khi Ei < Vref th V0 = -Vsat
Chng 6-10

Mach so sanh dung Op-Amp (tt)

Mch so snh o:

in th chun Vref > 0V t ng vo (+)

in th so snh Ei a vo ng vo (-)
Khi Ei > Vref th V0 = -Vsat
Khi Ei < Vref th V0 = +Vsat
Chng 6-11

Mach so sanh dung Op-Amp (tt)

Mch khuch i c hi tip:
Lc ny do vin so snh vi tn hiu ng vo v+ l in th trn mch phn p
R4-R2, nn theo s bin thin gia hai mc in p ca vout, mch hi tip cng
c hai ngng so snh l VH v VL.

Chng 6-12

Mot so Op-Amp thong dung

Chng 6-13

Mot so Op-Amp thong dung (tt)

LM381: low noise dual amp., audio.

Voltage gain= 112dB; BW = 75KHz; Rin= 100K; Rout= 150.
LM380: audio power amp.
Voltage gain= 34dB; BW= 100KHz; out-put power = 2W
MC1553: Video amp.
Voltage gain= 52dB; BW=20MHz
LM703: RF/IF amp.

Chng 6-14

Op-Amp n

Chng 6-15

Op-Amp kep

Chng 6-16

Op-Amp 4

Chng 6-17

6.2 Mach Op-Amp c ban

Mach khuech ai khong ao

Mach khuech ai ao
Mach khuech ai tong
Mach khuech ai vi sai
Mach tch phan
Mach vi phan
Mach tao ham mu
Mach tao ham logarith

Chng 6-18

Mach khuech ai khong ao

R2
Vo
R2
Vo = 1 + Vi A =
= 1+
R1
Vi
R1

Nhn xt:
Ng ra Vo cng pha vi ng vo Vi c gi l ng vo khng o.
R2 ng vai tr hi tip m tng khuch i AV.
Khi R2 =0, ta c: A=1 => Vo =Vi hoc R1= ta cng c A=1 v Vo= Vi .
Lc ny mch c gi l mch voltage follower thng c dng
lm mch m (buffer) v c tng tr vo ln v tng tr ra nh nh mch cc
thu chung BJT.
Chng 6-19

Mach khuech ai ao
i+ = i = 0 V0 0 0 Vi
=

v+ = v
R2
R1
V0
R2
=
Vi
R1
Nhn xt:
Vo v Vi s lch pha 180 (nn c gi l mch khuch i o v
ng vo ( - ) c gi l ng vo o).
R2 ng vai tr mch hi tip m. R2 cng ln (hi tip m cng nh)
khuch i ca mch cng ln.
Mch c kh nng khuch i in p DC ln AC
Chng 6-20

Mach khuech ai cong

V1 V2
Vn V0
=0
v+ = v = 0 + + ... + +
R1 R2
Rn R f
V1 V2
Vn
Vo = R f + + ... +
Rn
R1 R2

9Nhn xt :
Rf
V
=

(V1 + V2 + ... + Vn )
Nu R1=R2==Rn= R th o
R

Nu Rf=R th Vo l tng ca tt c cc ng vo Vi (Tng ny phi

nh hn Vsat ca op-amp)

Chng 6-21

Mach khuech ai cong (tt)

Vn
V1 V2
+
+
+
...
R f R1 R2
Rn

Vo = 1 +

RN 1 + 1 + ... 1
R1 R 2
Rn

9Nhn xt
Nu R1=R2==Rn th

Rf
Vo = 1 +
(V1 + V2 + ... + Vn )
R

Gi tr ng ra Vo bng tng cc ng vo khi v ch khi Rf=0 hoc

RN=.
Chng 6-22

Mach khuech ai vi sai

Rf
Vo =
1 +
R2 + Rg
R1
Rg

Rf

V1
V2
R1

Nhn xt:
Nu

Rf
R1

Rg
R2

th Vo =

Rf
R1

(V2 V 1)

Nu Rg=Rf =R1=R2 th Vo =V2-V1

Chng 6-23

Mach tch phan

1
1
Vo =
Vi ( t )dt =
Vi ( t )dt + Vo ( t = 0 )

RC
RC 0

Nhn xt:
Gi tr ng ra Vo t l vi tch phn gi tr ng vo.
Tn s ct:

fc =

1
RC

Nn mch tch phn ch hot ng ng mt dy tn s nht nh.

Ngoi ra chng ra cn c th ly tch phn ca mt tng.
Chng 6-24

Mach vi phan

v+ = v = 0
dvi

dvi Vo Vo = RC
dt
=
C
dt
R
Nhn xt:
Gi tr in p ng ra Vo t l vi vi phn in p vo .
Tn s ct:

fc =

1
RC

Mch vi phn hot trong trong mt dy tn s nht nh, ti c tuyn

bin -tn s: Vo = f ( ) c dc 20dB/decade.
Vi

Chng 6-25

Mach tao ham mu

Vo = R.I s .e
k = R.I s .e

Vi
V

= k .eVi

1
V

: in p ri trn hai u diode

I s : dng ngc bo ha

Chng 6-26

Mach tao ham logarith

V
Vo = V ln i = V ln (Vi ) + V ln ( RI s )
IsR

: in p ri trn hai u diode

I s : dng ngc bo ha

Chng 6-27

6.3 Mach Op-Amp nang cao

Mach chuyen oi dong sang ap

Mach chuyen oi ap sang dong
Mach khuech ai dong
Mach khuech ai instrumentation

Chng 6-28

Mach chuyen oi dong sang ap

Cn gi l b khuch i bin i in tr, c u vo l ii
v u ra l: vo =Aii trong : A l li ca mch.
Xem hnh trn ta c: ii +(vo -0)/R=0 hay vo = -Rii

Chng 6-29

Mach chuyen oi ap sang dong

AoL = V + = V = Vi (1)
Z i = id = 0 io = I (2)
V Vi
1,2 io = I =
= (3)
R
R

Chng 6-30

Mach khuech ai dong

io
R2

Ai = = 1 +
ii
R1

Chng 6-31

Mach khuech ai instrumentation

Vo = A(v2 v1)
A = A1 .A2 = (1+2R3/RG).(R2/R1)
Chng 6-32

Mach khuech ai instrumentation (tt)

vo = -R2v3 /R1 +(1+R2)v2 /R1

Chng 6-33

TOM TAT
Gii thiu Op-Amp
Mch Op-Amp c bn
Mch Op-Amp nang cao

Chng 6-34