Ch-1: C bn v tn hiu v h thng

Lecture-2

1.2. C bn v h thng

Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT

1.2. C bn v h thng
1.2.1. H thng lin tc v h thng ri rc
1.2.2. V d n gin v h thng
1.2.3. Kt ni bn trong h thng
1.2.4. Cc tnh cht c bn ca h thng

Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT

1.2.1. H thng lin tc v h thng ri rc

nh ngha: h thng x l cc tn hiu vo v to cc tn
hiu u ra
Tn hiu vo

System
Hardware
(electrical,
mechanical,
hydraulic,)

Tn hiu ra

Software
(Algorithms)

H thng lin tc: Tn hiu vo lin tc tn hiu ra lin tc

H thng ri rc: Tn hiu vo ri rc tn hiu ra ri rc
M hnh ton: Mi h thng u c m t bi 1 phong trnh
ton m t quan h gia ng ra vi ng vo
Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT

1.2.2. V d n gin v h thng

V d 1: mch in
i(t)

e(t)

+
uc(t)
-

e(t)

RC

du c (t)
dt

u c (t)=e(t)

uc(t)

V d 2: c hc

x(t)

d 2 y(t) dy(t)
dx(t)
m
+b
+ky(t)=b
+kx(t)
2
dt
dt
dt

Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT

y(t)

1.2.2. V d n gin v h thng

V d 2: H thng tnh s d trong ti khon ngn hng hng thng
f(n): tng tin np vo ti khon trong thng th n
y(n): s d ti khon thng th n
li sut tit kim l 1% hng thng
f(n)

y(n)=1.01y(n 1)+f(n)

Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT

y(n)

1.2.3. Kt ni bn trong h thng

Cc h thng trn thc t c to thnh t cc h thng con thng
qua cc dng kt ni nh sau:
Ghp lin tng:
Input

System 1

System 2

Output

Ghp song song:

System 1
Input

Output

System 2

Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT

1.2.3. Kt ni bn trong h thng

Ghp hi tip:

Input

System 1

System 2

Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT

Output

1.2.4. Cc tnh cht c bn ca h thng

a) Tnh c nh
b) Tnh kh nghch
c) Tnh nhn qu
d) Tnh n nh
e) Tnh bt bin
f) Tnh tuyn tnh

Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT

a) Tnh c nh
H thng khng nh: ng ra khng ph thuc vo ng vo trong

qu kh (ng vo trc thi im hin ti ang xt). V d, mch

thun tr:

u(t)=Ri(t)
H thng c nh: Ng ra ph thuc vo ng vo trong qu kh.

V d, mch in c phn t L, C:

u C (t)=
i L (t)=

t
1
C -

t
1
L -

iC (t)dt
u L (t)dt

Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT

b) Tnh kh nghch
H thng kh nghch: ng vo phn bit ng ra phn bit. Khi

tn ti mt h thng nghch o khi ghp lin tng hai h

thng thun v nghch to thnh h thng n v. V d:

f(t)

y(t)
y(t)=2f(t)

w(t)= 12 y(t)

w(t)=f(t)

H thng khng kh nghch: khng phi l h thng kh nghch.

V d: y(t)=f 2 (t)

Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT

c) Tnh nhn qu
H thng nhn qu: ng ra khng ph thuc vo ng vo trong

tng lai (ng vo sau thi im hin ti ang xt). V d:

y(t)=f(t)+f(t 2)
H thng khng nhn qu: ng ra ph thuc vo ng vo tng

lai. V d:
f(t)
1

y(t)=f(t+2)+f(t 2)

y(t)

t
-2

y (t 2)

?
t

0 1

Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT

-1

Nu chp nhn
tr c th thc
hin c!!!

d) Tnh n nh
H thng n nh: ng vo b chn ng ra b chn (BIBO).

V d: y(t)=ef(t)
Gi s: |f(t)|

|y(t)| e B

HT n nh

H thng khng n nh: ng vo b chn ng ra khng b chn

V d:

y(t)=tf(t)

Gi s: |f(t)|

|y(t)| | tf(t) | B | t |
HT khng n nh

Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT

|y(t

)|

e) Tnh bt bin
H thng bt bin:

f(t)

f(t-t0)

y(t)

system

system

y(t-t0)
For all t0

y(t)

f(t)

V d: y(t)=sin(|f(t)|)

f1 (t)=f(t t 0 )

y(t-t0)

f(t-t0)

t0

t0

y(t t 0 )=sin(|f(t t 0 )|)

y1 (t)=sin(|f(t t 0 )|)=y(t t 0 )

HT BB

H thng thay i theo thi gian: khng phi l h thng bt bin

V d: y(t)=f(2t)

f1 (t)=f(t t 0 )

y(t t 0 )=f(2(t t 0 ))=f(2t 2t 0 )

y1 (t)=f(2t t 0 )

y(t t 0 )

Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT

HT T

f) Tnh tuyn tnh

H thng tuyn tnh:
f1(t)
f2(t)

system
system

y1(t)

k1f1(t)+k2f2(t)

y2(t)

system

k1y1(t)+k2y2(t)

y1 (t)=tf1 (t)

V d: (a) y(t)=tf(t)

y 2 (t)=tf 2 (t)

f(t)=k1f1 (t)+k 2f 2 (t)

y(t)=k1tf1 (t)+k 2 tf 2 (t)=k1y1 (t)+k 2 y2 (t)

HT tuyn tnh

Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT

f) Tnh tuyn tnh

dy(t)
(b)
+3y(t)=f(t)
dt

dy1 (t)
+3y1 (t)=f1 (t)
dt
dy 2 (t)
+3y 2 (t)=f 2 (t)
dt

d[k1y1 (t)+k 2 y 2 (t)]

3[k1y1 (t)+k 2 y 2 (t)] [k1f1 (t)+k 2f 2 (t)]
dt

f(t) k1f1 (t)+k 2f 2 (t) Th: y(t) k1y1 (t)+k 2 y2 (t)

HT tuyn tnh

Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT

f) Tnh tuyn tnh

H thng phi tuyn: khng phi l h thng tuyn tnh
2
V d: y(t)=f (t)

y1 (t)=f12 (t)
y 2 (t)=f 22 (t)
f(t)=k1f1 (t)+k 2f 2 (t) Th: y(t)= k1f1 (t)+k 2f 2 (t)
y(t)

k1y1 (t)+k 2 y2 (t)

HT phi tuyn

Signals & Systems FEEE, HCMUT