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Mats A Selen-Phys111-Lec1
Mats A Selen-Phys111-Lec1
Mats A Selen-Phys111-Lec1
Advice
Scope of this course
Measurement and Units
Fundamental units
Systems of units
Converting between systems of units
Dimensional Analysis
1-D Kinematics (review)
Average & instantaneous velocity and acceleration
Classical Mechanics:
Mechanics: How and why things work
Classical:
Not too fast
(v << c)
Not too small (d >> atom)
Length:
Units
l
l
L
M
T
For example:
Speed has units of L / T (i.e. miles per hour).
Force has units of ML / T2 etc... (as you will learn).
Distance
Radius of visible universe
To Andromeda Galaxy
To nearest star
Earth to Sun
Radius of Earth
Sears Tower
Football field
Tall person
Thickness of paper
Wavelength of blue light
Diameter of hydrogen atom
Diameter of proton
Length (m)
1 x 1026
2 x 1022
4 x 1016
1.5 x 1011
6.4 x 106
4.5 x 102
1.0 x 102
2 x 100
1 x 10-4
4 x 10-7
1 x 10-10
1 x 10-15
Mass:
Time:
Interval
Age of universe
Age of Grand Canyon
32 years
One year
One hour
Light travel from Earth to Moon
One cycle of guitar A string
One cycle of FM radio wave
Lifetime of neutral pi meson
Lifetime of top quark
Time (s)
5 x 1017
3 x 1014
1 x 109
3.2 x 107
3.6 x 103
1.3 x 100
2 x 10-3
6 x 10-8
1 x 10-16
4 x 10-25
Object
Milky Way Galaxy
Sun
Earth
Boeing 747
Car
Student
Dust particle
Top quark
Proton
Electron
Neutrino
Mass (kg)
4 x 1041
2 x 1030
6 x 1024
4 x 105
1 x 103
7 x 101
1 x 10-9
3 x 10-25
2 x 10-27
9 x 10-31
1 x 10-38
10/23/2012
Units...
British Units:
Inches, feet, miles, pounds, slugs...
We will use mostly SI units, but you may run across some
problems using British units. You should know how to convert
back & forth.
mi
mi
ft
1 m
1 hr
m
=1
5280
= 0.447
hr
hr
mi 3.28 ft 3600 s
s
Dimensional Analysis
l
Example:
Doing a problem you get the answer distance
d = vt 2 (velocity x time2)
Lecture 1, Act 1
Dimensional Analysis
l
P = 2p (dg)2
(a)
(b)
P = 2p
d
g
(c)
P = 2p
d
g
Lecture 1, Act 1
Solution
l
l
L
L
(a)
L 2 = 4 T
(a)
Lecture 1, Act 1
Solution
P = 2 p (dg )
(b)
(b)
Not Right !!
P = 2p
d
g
(c)
P = 2p
d
g
(a)
L
=T2 T
L
2
T
P = 2 p (dg )
Not Right !!
(b)
P = 2p
d
g
(c)
P = 2p
d
g
10/23/2012
Lecture 1, Act 1
Solution
Motion in 1 dimension
l
(c)
L
= T 2 =T
L
2
T
Displacement in a time Dt = t2 - t1 is
Dx = x(t2) - x(t1) = x2 - x1
x
Dx
x
(a)
P = 2 p (dg )
(b)
P = 2p
d
g
(c)
P = 2p
d
g
t1
t2
Dt
1-D kinematics
l
l
1-D kinematics...
l
Consider limit t1 t2
Instantaneous velocity v is defined as:
x ( t2 ) - x( t1 ) D x
=
t 2 - t1
Dt
v( t ) =
x
x
Dx
Dx
trajectory
dx ( t )
dt
x
1
t1
t2
t1
t2
Dt
Dt
Physics 111: Lecture 1, Pg 15
1-D kinematics...
l
l
Recap
If the position x is known as a function of time, then we can
find both velocity v and acceleration a as a function of time!
x
v ( t 2 ) - v ( t1 ) D v
=
t 2 - t1
Dt
x = x(t )
a( t ) =
dv ( t ) d 2 x( t )
=
dt
dt 2
dx
dt
dv
d 2x
a =
=
dt
dt 2
v =
dx ( t )
using v ( t ) =
dt
t
t
10/23/2012
We saw that v = dx / dt
In calculus language we would write dx = v dt, which we
can integrate to obtain:
t2
High-school calculus: t n dt =
x ( t 2 ) - x ( t1 ) = v (t )dt
t1
dv
dt
dx
Similarly, since v =
dt
get:
v(t)
1
t n +1 + const
n +1
+ +...+
= displacement
1
x = v dt = ( at + v 0 )dt = at 2 + v 0 t + x0
2
Recap
l
Lecture 1, Act 2
Motion in One Dimension
Plane
w/ lights
x = x0 + v 0t +
1 2
at
2
v = v 0 + at
a = const
t
(a) Both v = 0 and a = 0.
0.
(b) v 0, but a = 0.
0.
(c) v = 0,
0, but a 0.
Lecture 1, Act 2
Solution
Useful Formula
v = v 0 + at
l
Solving for t:
1
x = x0 + v 0 t + at 2
2
l
Plugging in for t:
2
t=
v - v0
a
v - v 0 1 v - v 0
x = x0 + v 0
+ a
a 2 a
t
v 2 - v 0 2 = 2a( x - x0 )
t
10/23/2012
dv dv dx
(chain rule)
a= =
dt dx dt
dv
a = v
dx
x
a dx = a dx =
x0
x0
Recap:
l
Washers
a dx = v dv
1
x = x0 + v 0t + at 2
2
v = v 0 + at
a = const
v dv
(a = constant)
l
v0
1
a( x - x0 ) = (v 2 - v20 )
2
v 2 - v 02 = 2a(x - x 0 )
1
v av = (v 0 + v)
2
v 2 - v 0 2 = 2a( x - x0 )
Physics 111: Lecture 1, Pg 25
Problem 1
l
Problem 1...
vo
ab
v0
ab
x = 0, t = 0
x = 0, t = 0
v=0
x = xf , t = t f
Problem 1...
l
Above, we derived: v = v0 + at
Problem 1...
l
v 2 - v 02 = 2a(x - x 0 )
l
- v 0 2 = 2( -ab )x f
tf = v0 /ab
xf =
v0
2ab
10/23/2012
Problem 1...
l
l
l
So we found that
Tips:
2
1 v0
tf =
, xf =
ab
2 ab
v0
Read !
Before you start work on a problem, read the problem
statement thoroughly. Make sure you understand what
information is given, what is asked for, and the meaning
of all the terms used in stating the problem.