Qun l cc tp tin

Di chuyn / lit k cc tp tin

Ni dung cc tp tin

Tp tin v th mc

cat file

xut hin ni dung ca tp tin file trn mn

hnh dng m ASCII

more file

xut hin ni dung ca tp tin file trn mn

hnh theo ch tng trang mt : n phm
Enter xung 1 dng ; n phm Space
sang thm 1 trang ; n phm q thot.

chuyn tn thmc1 thnh thmc2

less file

mv file thmc

chuyn tp tin file vo th mc

thmc

less ging nh more , nhng cho php

dng phm [Page Down]

head -n file

xut hin s n dng u tin ca tp tin file

mv file1 thmc/file2

chuyn file1 vo th mc thmc ng

thi i tn tp tin thnh file2

tail -n file

xut hin s n dng cui cng ca file

vi file

son tp tin file dng trnh son vi

mkdir thmc

to ra th mc thmc

nano file

son tp tin file dng trnh son nano

gedit file

son tp tin file dng trnh son gedit

grep chui file

xut hin cc dng cha ni dung chui trong

tp tin file

pwd

hin ln tn th mc ang lm vic vi

cp file1 file2

chp file1 sang file2

cd

di chuyn sang th mc /home/ngi_dng

cp file /thmc

chp file vo th mc thmc

cd ~/Desktop di chuyn sang th mc

/home/ngi_dng/Desktop

cp -r thmc1 thmc2
rsync -a thmc1 thmc2

chp ton b ni dung ca th mc

thmc1 sang th mc thmc2

cd ..

di chuyn sang th mc cha (ngay trn th mc hin

hnh)

mv file1 file2

chuyn tn tp tin file1 thnh tn file2

mv thmc1 thmc2

cd /usr/apt

di chuyn sang th mc /usr/apt

ls -l Thmc lit k danh mc tp tin trong th mc Thmc mt

dir -l Thmc cch chi tit
ls -a
dir -a

lit k tt c cc tp tin, k c cc tp tin n (thng

c tn bt u bng mt du chm)

ls -d
dir -d

lit k tn cc th mc nm trong th mc hin hnh

ls -t
dir -d

xp li cc tp tin theo ngy to ra, bt u bng

nhng tp tin mi nht

rm file

xa b tp tin file trong th mc hin

hnh

ls -S
dir -S

xp li cc tp tin theo kch thc, t to nht n nh

nht

rmdir thmc

xa b th mc trng mang tn thmc

ls -l | more

lit k theo tng trang mt, nh tin ch more

rm -rf thmc

xa b th mc mang tn thmc vi
tt c cc tp tin trong (force)

ln -s file linkt

to ra mt lin kt mang tn linkt n

tp tin file (ni tt)

find thmc -name file

tm tp tin mang tn file trong th mc

thmc k c trong cc th mc con

diff file1 file2

so snh ni dung ca 2 tp tin hoc ca

2 th mc

Quyn truy cp tp tin

chown tnngidng file

chown -R tnngidng
thmc

xc nh ngi ch ca tp tin file l

ngi dng mang tn
tnngidng
xc nh ngi ch ca th mc
thmc, k c cc th mc con (-R) l
ngi dng tnngidng

mkdir -p thmc1/thmc2 to ra th mc cha thmc1 v th mc

con thmc2 cng lc

chgrp nhm file

chuyn tp tin file thnh s hu ca

nhm ngi dng mang tn nhm

chmod u+x file

giao (+) quyn thc hin (x) tp tin file

cho ngi dng (u)

chmod g-w file

rt (-) quyn ghi (w) file ca nhm (g)

chmod o-r file

rt (-) quyn c (r) tp tin file ca

nhng ngi dng khc (o)

T ghi nh

chmod a+rw file

giao (+) quyn c (r) v ghi (w) file

cho mi ngi (a)

ubuntu

chmod -R a+rx thmc

giao (+) quyn c (r) v vo bn

trong th mc (x) thmc, k c tt c
cc th mc con ca n (-R), cho tt
c mi ngi (a)

GNU / Linux
Bn gc : 08/2006
Bn dch : 01/2007

grep -r chui
thmc

tm ni dung chui trong tt c cc tp tin

trong th mc mang tn thmc

lnh > file

ghi kt qu ca lnh lnh trong tp tin file

lnh >> file

b sung kt qu ca lnh lnh phn cui ca

tp tin file

Nn v gii nn tp tin
tar xvf archive.tar

gii phng cc tp tin c trong tp tin

archive.tar , ng thi hin th cc tn
tp tin

tar xvfz archive.tar.gz

gii nn cc tp tin c trong tp tin

archive.tar.gz dng gzip v tar

tar jxvf archive.tar.bz2

gii nn cc tp tin c trong tp tin

archive.tar.bz2 dng bzip v
tar

tar cvf archive.tar file1

file2

to ra mt tp tin archive.tar cha cc tp

tin file1, file2

tar cvfz archive.tar.gz

thmc

to mt tp tin archive.tar.gz dng

gzip cha ton b th mc thmc

gzip file.txt

to tp tin nn file.txt.gz

gunzip file.txt.gz

gii nn tp tin file.txt

bzip2 file.txt

to tp tin nn file.txt.bz2

bunzip2 file.txt.bz2

gii nn tp tin file.txt

Qun tr h thng

Gi phn mm
/etc/apt/sources.list

C bn
sudo command

thc hin lnh command vi t cch

ngi siu dng (root)

gksudo command

ging vi sudo nhng dng cho cc

ng dng ho

sudo -k

chm dt ch dng lnh c chc

nng ca ngi siu dng

uname -r

cho bit phin bn ca nhn Linux

shutdown -h now

khi ng li my tnh ngay lp tc

apt-get install soft

lsusb
lspci

lit k cc thit b usb hoc pci c mt

trong my tnh

apt-get remove soft

time command

cho bit thi gian cn thit thc

hin xong lnh command

command1 | command2

chuyn kt qu ca lnh command1

lm u vo ca lnh command2

clear

xo mn hnh ca ca s Thit b
cui (terminal)

Tin trnh (Processus)

ps -ef

hin th tt c cc tin trnh c thc hin

(pid et ppid)

apt-get update

gii quyt cc gi ph thuc)

tp tin xc nh ngun cc kho phn
mm ti xung nhm ci mi hoc
cp nht h thng

dpkg -c paquet.deb

lit k ni dung ca gi paquet.deb

dpkg -I paquet.deb

hin th thng tin ca gi paquet.deb

cp nht danh sch cc gi phn mm

cn c vo cc kho phn mm c trong
tp tin sources.list

Ch : cn ci cc gi phn mm apt-file, alien v deborphan nu

mun dng chng.

Mng my tnh

apt-get upgrade

cp nht cc gi phn mm ci ri

/etc/network/interfaces

apt-get dist-upgrade

nng cp phin bn Ubuntu ang c

n phin bn mi tip theo

thng tin cu hnh ca cc b phn

giao din (interfaces)

uname -a

ci phn mm soft ng thi gii quyt

cc gi phn mm ph thuc

hin th tn ca my tnh trong mng

(hostname)

ping a chIP

th ni mng n my c a ch IP

ifconfig -a

hin th thng tin v tt c cc giao

din mng ang c

apt-get remove --purge soft loi b phn mm soft k c tp tin cu

hnh ca phn mm soft

ifconfig eth0 a chIP

xc nh a ch IP cho giao din cc

mng eth0

apt-get autoclean

xo b cc bn sao chp ca nhng gi

phn mm b loi b

ifdown eth0
ifconfig eth0 down

ngng hot ng giao din cc mng

eth0

apt-cache dumpavail

hin th danh sch cc gi phn mm

ang c

ifup eth0
ifconfig eth0 up

kch hot giao din cc mng eth0

apt-cache search soft

cho bit danh sch cc gi phn mm

c tn, hoc c phn m t, cha chui
soft

poweroff -i

ngng hot ng tt c cc ni mng

route add default gw a ch

xc nh a ch IP ca my lm
cng dn n bn ngoi mng cc b

route del default

b a ch IP mc nh ra khi
mng cc b

loi b phn mm soft cng nh tt c

cc gi phn mm trc thuc

apt-cache show soft

hin th phn m t ca gi phn mm

soft

IP

ps aux

hin th chi tit cc tin trnh

ps aux | grep soft

hin th cc tin trnh lin quan n chng khi

ng soft

apt-cache showpkg soft

hin th cc thng tin ca gi phn

mm soft

kill pid

bo chm dt tin trnh mang s pid

apt-cache depends soft

lit k cc gi phn mm cn thit cho

gi phn mm soft

/etc/fstab

cha cc thng tin v cc cng v h

thng tp tin c gn t dng

kill -9 pid

yu cu h thng chm dt tin trnh pid

apt-cache rdepends soft

hin th cc phn vng tch cc

chm dt mt ng dng theo dng ho (n

chut vo ca s ca ng dng)

lit k cc gi phn mm cn n gi
phn mm soft

fdisk -l

xkill

mkdir /media/diskusb

apt-file update

cp nht thng tin cn c vo danh

sch ngun phn mm trong tp tin
sources.list

to th mc gn h thng tp tin ca
thit b diskusb

mount /media/cleusb

gn h thng tp tin diskusb

umount /media/cleusb

tch ra h thng tp tin diskusb

mount -a
mount -a -o remount

gn, tch ra hoc gn li tt c cc

/thit b c trong tp tin /etc/fstab

fdisk /dev/hda1

to mi v b phn vng trn cng

IDE th nht

mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

to mt h thng tp tin ext3 trn

phn vng /dev/hda1

mkfs.vfat /dev/hda1

to mt h thng tp tin fat32 trn

phn vng /dev/hda1

apt-file search file

xc nh tp tin file thuc gi phn

mm no

T ghi nh

apt-file list soft

lit k cc tp tin c trong gi phn

mm soft

ubuntu

deborphan

lit k cc gi phn mm m ci

alien -di paquet.rpm

chuyn phn mm paquet.rpm thnh

gi phn mm dng Debian paquet.deb
(-d) v thc hin ci t lun (-i)

GNU / Linux
Bn gc : 08/2006
Bn dch : 01/2007

dpkg -i paquet.deb

ci t phn mm paquet.deb (khng

Phn vng cng