Interactive science 12

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1.
2.

allele

An alternative form of a gene.

DNA
replication

DNA unzips into two parts and splits with the

cell. In it's new home each side of the DNA
strand attack to matching nucleotides to
create 2 exact copies. It is important in puberty
and other times of growth as it is the
reproducing of your cells.

dominate
allele

An allele whose trait always shows up in the

organism when the allele is present

4.

ferilization

Process when the sperm cell unites with a

female egg cell

5.

genetics

Branch of biology that studies heredity.

6.

genotype

An organism's genetic makeup

7.

heredity

The biological process whereby genetic factors

are transmitted from one generation to the
next/
Passing of traits from parents to offspring

8.

heterozygous

An organism that has two different alleles for

a trait

9.

homozygous

An organism that has two identical alleles for

a trait

How do
alleles affect
inheritence?

An organisms traits are controlled by the

alleles it inherits from its parents. Some
alleles are domonant, while other alleles are
recessive.

How does
DNA copy
itself?

Because of the way the nitrogen bases pair up,

the order of the bases in each new DNA strand
matches the in the original DNA strand.

12.

hybrid

An organism that has two different alleles for

a trait

13.

meiosis

(genetics) cell division that produces

reproductive cells in sexually reproducing
organisms

nitrogen
bases

The chemicals that make up the rungs of the

DNA ladder. A-T and C-G match.

15.

pedigree

A diagram that shows the occurrence of a

genetic trait in several generations of a family

16.

phenotype

An organism's physical appearance, or visible

traits.

17.

probability

A number that describes how likely it is that

an event will occur.

punnet
square

A chart that shows all the possible

combinations of alleles that can result from a
genetic cross

purebred

The offspring of many generations that have

the same traits

recessive
allele

An allele that is masked when a dominant

allele is present

3.

10.

11.

14.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

What
did
Mandel
observe?

Ina all of his crosses, Mendel found that only one

form of the trait appeared in the f1 generation.
However in the f2 generation,the "lost" form of the
trait always reappeared in about 1/4 of the plants.

What
forms
the
genetic
code?

The order of the nitrogen bases a long a gene forms

a genitic code that spicifies what type of protein will
be produced.