Phys 211 Vibration and Waves

Main Lecture:
MWF 10:10-11:00 Sharp 100
John Clem
Office SHL 201, Hrs 11-12 MWF
Labs:
(Starts on the 20th)

F 10:10-11:00 Sharp 114

There will be a lecture this Friday.
http://www.bartol.udel.edu/~clem/phys211spr15/Phys211Spring2015.htm
syllabus

Link is posted on Sakai

This course is on Waves and Vibrations

Oscillations and Periodic Events

Periodic Phenomena
Heart beat
Breathing
Blinking
Daily routines
Eating
Sleeping
Going to Classes
Stream of liquid
while Drinking

Water waves
Bouncing Buoy
Motion of electrons
and atoms
Seasons
Orbits of planets
Visible light and
radio
sound
2

When I talk my vocal cords vibrate, modulating

the flow of air being expelled from the lungs

Sound waves causes the ear drums to vibrate

and sends an electrical signal to the brain
3

Oscillationsabout
Equilibrium

The basic cause of oscillations is the fact that when an object is displaced from a
position of stable equilibrium it experiences a restoring force that is directed back
toward the equilibrium position.
4

Parameters
Period T : time required for one cycle of periodic motion
Frequency f : number of oscillations per unit time
Angular Frequency : number of radians per unit time

If you run around a track six times in one hour at a constant

speed, how long did it take you to complete just one lap?
Six cycles per hour is the frequency and one sixth of
an hour (or ten minutes) is the period.
5

Simple harmonic motion occurs when the

restoring force is proportional to the displacement
from equilibrium. For example the spring

We can not use our kinematic equations since acceleration

is not constant

So what is this motion?

6

Rotating wheel with a rod attached near the edge

y = r sin
y

= t

angular
frequency

y = r sin t

Demonstration
But what is ?
7

 IN SHM, the amplitude A is the maximum

displacement from equilibrium.
Position as a function of time:

Velocity as a function of time:

Acceleration as a function of time:

The angular frequency of a Mass on a Spring

Since the force on a mass on a spring is
proportional to the displacement, and also to
the acceleration, we find that
.
Substituting the time dependencies of a and x gives

Math Review

Up to this point the trigonometry utilized in 207 involved the basic

sine and cosine function definitions applied to fixed triangles.
Review of graphs of sine and cosine functions

10

range

amplitude=a
period =

11

A buoy oscillates up and down as

waves go past. The buoy moves a
total of 4.0 feet from its low point
to its high point, and then returns
to its high point every 6 seconds.
Write an equation that gives the buoys
vertical position y at time t if the buoy is at
its highest point when t =0.

12

x=A
x=0
x=A

13

A = amplitude, the largest displacement from

equilibrium
period

frequency

14

x=A
x=0
x=A

15

The force needed to stretch a spring an

amount x is F = kx.
Therefore, the work
done in stretching
Area of a triangle with sides kx and x
the spring is

16