Technical Information

Table 1

Table 5

Mechanical properties of fasteners

ISO Metric fine threads

Nominal
Thread
Diameter mm

The designation system for property classes (strength grades) of metric fasteners, consists of a symbol comprising two figures. The first figure indicates 1/100 of the
nominal tensile strength in Newtons per square millimetre. The second figure indicates 10 times the ratio between the nominal yield stress and the nominal tensile
strength. Multiplication of the two figures will give 1/10 of the nominal yield stress in newtons per square millimetre. Hence a grade 10.9 fastener has a nominal
tensile strength of 1000 N/mm2 (the first figure multiplied by 100) and a nominal yield strength of 900 N/mm2 (both figures multiplied together and by 10). The
minimum yield stress and the minimum tensile strength are equal to or greater than the nominal values.

Strength Grade

3.6

4.6

4.8

5.6

5.8

6.8

8.8

9.8

10.9

12.9

Yield Stress N/mm

180

240

320

300

400

480

640

720

900

1080

Nominal values quoted

For grades 8.8 and above a
proof stress is specified because of problems measuring yield.
BS6104 Pt. 1
Information taken from BS3643:
Pt 1: 1981 & BS3692: 1967

Table 2
Thread coeffcient of friction

External
Threads

Steel

Presented in this table are guideline values for the coefficient of friction of the
threads for various surface finish conditions. Upper and lower normal limits are
shown in the table. Care must be taken to ensure that the values are valid for your
application. There are a number of effects (such as grease on the threads) which can
result in the true thread coefficient of friction being outside the range quoted.

The values are for guidance only, for critical applications the scatter in the coefficient
of friction must be determined experimentally. Specialist thread lubricants, such a
molybdenum disulphide can reduce thread friction and also frictional scatter, guidance
should be sought from manufacturer for example Molykote. With some materials,
such as certain types of stainless steel, cold welding can occur resulting in very high
friction values. In such circumstances, specialist thread lubricants may be essential.

Underhead coefficient of friction

Gaps in table indicate a lack of available published data. There has been little
information published on the underhead friction coefficient on fasteners being used
on painted surfaces. One study reported that the mean value of underhead friction
on a painted surface was 0.21 with an extreme range of 0.10 to 0.32.

Cast
Iron
0.10
to
0.16

Aluminium
0.10
to
0.20

0.08
to
0.16

0.10
to
0.18

0.08
to
0.18

0.10
to
0.18

Dry

0.12
to
0.20

0.12
to
0.22

0.10
to
0.17

0.12
to
0.20

Oiled

0.10
to
0.18

0.10
to
0.18

0.10
to
0.16

0.10
to
0.18

0.18
to
0.24

0.18
to
0.24

0.18
to
0.24

0.18
to
0.24

Thread1
Adhesive

Condition of the part clamped by the bolt

Condition Of
The Bolt Head
or Nut

As with thread friction the values are for guidance only and care should be exercised in
their use. There are a number of effects (such as grease or oil on the surface) which
can result in the true value of underhead friction being outside the range quoted.

Mechanical Properties of Fasteners

Dry
Self Finish
or
Phosphate
Treated
Oiled

Zinc
Plated

1
Certain thread adhesives can generate very high thread friction values. Check
manufacturers data.

Table 3

INTERNAL THREADS
Steel Threads
Zinc
Self
Plated
Finish
0.10
0.12
to
to
0.16
0.18

Dry
Zinc
Plated
Finish

Slight
Oil
Applied

Self Finish,
Phosphate
or
Black Oxide
Finish

Dry
Slight
Oil
Applied

Steel Surface
Zinc
Self
Plated
Finish
0.16
0.12
to
to
0.22
0.20
0.10
0.10
to
to
0.18
0.18
0.10
0.10
to
to
0.18
0.18
0.10
0.10
to
to
0.18
0.18

Cast
Iron
0.10
to
0.20
0.10
to
0.18
0.08
to
0.16
0.12
to
0.20

ISO Metric coarse threads

Information taken from BS3643:

Pt 1: 1981 & BS3692: 1967

Nominal
Thread Diameter
mm
1.6
2
2.5
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
48
52
56
60
64
68

Pitch
of the
Thread mm
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.7
0.8
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2
2
2.5
2.5
2.5
3
3
3.5
3.5
4
4
4.5
4.5
5
5
5.5
5.5
6
6

Pitch
Diameter D2
mm
1.373
1.740
2.208
2.675
3.545
4.480
5.350
7.188
9.026
10.863
12.701
14.701
16.376
18.376
20.376
22.051
25.051
27.727
30.727
33.402
36.402
39.077
42.077
44.752
48.752
52.428
56.428
60.103
64.103

Minor
Diameter D3
mm
1.171
1.509
1.948
2.387
3.141
4.019
4.773
6.466
8.160
9.853
11.546
13.546
14.933
16.933
18.933
20.319
23.319
25.706
28.706
31.093
34.093
36.479
39.479
41.866
45.866
49.252
53.252
46.639
60.639

Hexagon
A/F Size
mm

1.27
2.07
3.39
5.03
8.78
14.2
20.1
36.6
58.0
84.3
115
157
192
245
303
353
459
561
694
817
976
1121
1306
1473
1758
2030
2362
2676
3055

3.2
4
5
5.5
7
8
10
13
17
19
22
24
27
30
32
36
41
46
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100

Nominal
Stress
Area mm2

Hexagon
A/F Size
mm

1.470
1.838
2.273
2.773
3.675
4.675
5.513
7.350
9.188

1.355
1.693
2.071
2.571
3.387
4.387
5.080
6.773
8.466

1.57
2.45
3.70
5.61
9.79
16.1
22.0
39.2
61.2

3.2
4
5
5.5
7
8
10
13
17

12
14
16
18
20
22
24
27
30
33

1.25
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
2
2
2
2

11.188
13.026
15.026
17.026
19.026
21.026
22.701
25.701
28.701
31.701

10.466
12.160
14.160
16.160
18.160
20.160
21.546
24.546
27.546
30.546

92.1
125
167
216
272
333
384
496
621
761

19
22
24
27
30
32
36
41
46
50

Table 8 Unified fine threads series, UNF

Nominal
Bolt Size
in

TPI

Nominal
Hex A/F Size
in

Nominal Stress
Area in2

Nominal
Bolt Size
in

TPI

/4
/16
/8
/16
1
/2
*9/16
5
/8
3
/4
7
/8
1
11
/8
11
/4
13
/8
11
/2

26
22
20
18
16
16
14
12
11
10
9
9
8
8

.445
.525
.600
.710
.820
.920
1.010
1.200
1.300
1.480
1.670
1.860
2.050
2.220

0.0357
0.0568
0.084
0.1159
0.152
0.1983
0.2432
0.3525
0.4873
0.6418
0.8145
1.0267
1.237
1.496

/4
/16
/8
/16
1
/2
*9/16
5
/8
3
/4
7
/8
1
11
/8
11
/4
13
/8
11
/2

28
24
24
20
20
18
18
16
14
12
12
12
12
12

Nominal
Hex A/F Size
in

Nominal Stress
Area in2

.4375
.5000
.5625

0.0368
0.0587
0.0886
0.1198
0.1612
0.205
0.258
0.375
0.513
0.667
0.861
1.078
1.321
1.588

Bolts
.6250
Bolts
.8125

.7500
.9375
1.1250
1.3125
1.5000
1.6875
1.8750
2.0625
2.2500

Nuts
.6875
Nuts
.8750

Derived from information taken from BS84: 1956 & BS1083: 1965
* Non preferred size

Derived from information taken from BS1768 : 1963 & BS1580: 1962

Table 7 British Standards - Whitworth, BSW

Table 9

Nominal
Bolt Size
in

TPI

/8
3
/16
1
/4
5
/16
3
/8
7
/16
1
/2
*9/16
5
/8
3
/4
7
/8
1
11
/8
11
/4
13/8
11
/2

40
24
20
18
16
14
12
12
11
10
9
8
7
7
6
6

NOM HEX* A/F NOM HEX* A/F

(BS1093 & BS916
Whitworth
Obsolete)
Large BS190
in
Obsolete
See Note

Nominal
Stress
Area in2

Unified coarse thread series, UNC

Nominal
Bolt Size
in

TPI
20
18
16
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
7
6
6

/4
/16
/8
7
/16
1
/2
9
/16
5
/8
3
/4
7
/8
1
11
/8
11
/4
13
/8
11
/2
1

5
1

Nominal
Stress
Area mm2

Minor
Diameter D3
mm

0.2
0.25
0.35
0.35
0.5
0.5
0.7.5
1
1.25

.338
.445
.525
.600
.710
.820
.920
1.010
1.200
1.300
1.480
1.670
1.860
2.050
2.220

.338
.445
.525
.600
.710
.820
.920
1.010
1.200
1.300
1.480
1.670
1.860
2.050
2.220
2.410

0.008
0.017
0.032
0.0527
0.0779
0.1069
0.1385
0.183
0.227
0.336
0.464
0.608
0.766
0.972
1.159
1.410

Derived from information taken from BS84: 1956 & BS1083: 1965
* Non preferred size
13/8 not listed as a British Standard thread but has previously been quoted as shown by other sources.

Table 4

Pitch
Diameter D2
mm

1.6
2
2.5
3
4
5
6
8
10

Table 6 British Standards - Fine, BSF

Aluminium

0.08
to
0.20

Pitch
of the Thread
mm

British Standard Sizes

Whitworth
The bolt diameters given under the headings Whitworth refer to the original large hexagons
for bolts and nuts as specified in BS.28 and BS.190.
The table above gives details of Whitworth thread diameters given in BS.28 and BS.190
compared with thread diameters given in BS.916 and BS.1083 which have smaller (S.B.)
hexagon heads and nut dimensions for the same size Whitworth thread diameter.
The specifications for Whitworth bolts and nuts according to BS.916 and BS.1083 are identical
with B.S.F. which have not been altered.
A typical example would therefore show:Hexagon 820 in across flats = 7/16 in Whitworth thread dia. (BS.190) or 1/2 in Whitworth (BS)
and 1/2 in B.S.F. (BS.1083 and 916)
The British standards quoted above are listed as follows:
BS.28 Black Hexagon bolts and nuts Whitworth form thread (Withdrawn)
BS.190 Bright Hexagon bolts and nuts Whitworth form thread (Withdrawn)
BS.196 Black Hexagon bolts and nuts Whitworth form thread (Obsolescent)
BS.1083 Precision Hexagon bolts and nuts Whitworth form thread (Obsolescent)
British Whitworth Hexagon Range
If in doubt always quote the actual aross flats dimension.

Nominal
Stress Area
in2

.4375
.5000
.5625

0.0324
0.0532
0.0786
0.1078
0.1438
0.184
0.229
0.338
0.467
0.612
0.771
0.978
1.166
1.418

Bolts
.6250
.7500
Bolts
.8125

Nuts
.6875
Nuts
.8750

.9375
1.1250
1.3125
1.5000
1.6875
1.8750
2.0625
2.2500

Derived from information taken from BS1768 : 1963 & BS1580: 1962

Table 10

B.A. (Bristish Association)

BA
NO.

Nominal
Bolt/Screw
Dia in

Pitch
mm

TPI
Ref
Only

Nom
Hex
A/F size

Nom
Stress
Area
in2

0
1
*2
3
*4
5
6
7
8
9
10

0.2362
0.2087
0.185
0.1614
0.1417
0.1260
0.1102
0.0984
0.0866
0.0748
0.0669

1.00
0.90
0.81
0.73
0.66
0.59
0.53
0.48
0.43
0.39
0.35

25.400
28.2222
31.3580
34.7945
38.4849
43.0508
47.9245
52.9167
59.0698
65.1282
72.5714

0.413
0.365
0.324
0.282
0.248
0.220
0.193
0.172
0.152
0.131
0.117

0.0317
0.0245
0.0192
0.0144
0.0110
0.0087
0.0065
0.0052
0.00399
0.00292
0.00234

* Preferred sizes for hex headed bolts and screws 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 BA preferred

sizes for hex nuts Derived from information taken from BS57: 1951 (obsolete)
BS93: 1951 (obsolete) & BS3580: 1964

MHH Engineerings substantial experience in the technology of torque tightening enables us

to offer our Customers a unique consultancy service in the design and analysis of bolted joints.
Please contact us for further details of this service and for a quotation.

Nominal
Hex A/F Size
in

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Mechanical Properties of Fasteners

Technical Information