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Shop Np. 8-2-686/D/B-4/1, Opp. Kanaka Durga Temple, Road No. 12,
Banjara Hills, Hyderabad. Cell: 99890 62215, (040) 23383315 / 65162215

Email: devki_interior@yahoo.com

nsfly c;uk
eSfFkyh lkfgR; eap
jft- la- 2056@12

fefFkyk foHkwfr ioZ Lekfjdk

dohoj pUnk >k ij dsfUnzr
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10 eb] 2015

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bZ&esy % desilbayanahyd@gmail.com
& cmk1951@gmail.com lEiknd

osc lkbV % www.desilbayana.com

cSad ,dkmUV % dsujk cSad] pUnkuxj gSnjkckn ua0&3327101002963

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ln; ikBd yksdfud dfri; lq>kod lax ukukizdkjd ijkekZ vcSr jgy vfNA ^nsfly
c;uk*d izkalkd ees fdNq lq/kh kqHkfpUrd yksdfud vkxzg ts ,d okZd vof/k cslh Hk
tkbr vfN] rSa okZes del de nqb;ksVk vad vo; izdkfkr gks;ckd pkghA nsfly c;uk
ifjokjd lapkyd eaMyh rFkk lf; lnL; yksdfud lax fopkj&foekZd ckn bZ fu.kZ; Hksy
ts Lekfjdkd izdkkud ,fg NBe~ okZd voljij iz;ksxd :ies Jh tkudh uoeh eSfFkyh
fnol rFkk eSfFkyh uockZd voljij ;qxizorZd dohoj pUnk >kij vk/kkfjr fefFkyk foHkwfr
vadd :ies ,dVk vadd izdkku ebZ ekld vkjaHkes ,fg okZ dSy tk,] vkxk Hkxorh
eSfFkyhd tsgu bPNk!
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egksn; ,oe~ deZB lnL; yksdfud ifjJed dkj.ks ^nsfly c;uk*d bZ fokskkad vius
yksdfud gkFkes nSr ije gkZd vuqHko Hk jgy vfNA vkxzg ts vad dsgu ykxy rkfgij
viu vewY; lq>ko n, d`rkFkZ djhA
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vkys[k ,fg Lekfjdkes vfNA dfo dksfdy fo|kifrd ipkr~ dohoj pUnk >k cgqeq[kh
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O;kid vuqdj.kks HksyA oLrqr% dohoj pUnz vfHkuo fo|kifr NykgA
vUres dohojsd fdNq ikfrl ge ,[ku fojke pkgSr Nh &
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n;kukFk >k
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tkudh uoeh
27-04-2015

lEikndh;
^nsfly c;uk* Qjojh 2009es viu Lo:ies vk,yA rkgh fnul izR;sd ekld nkslj
jfc lU/;kdky kgjd lkfgR;kuqjkxh yksdfu ,d txgij ,df=r Hk lkfgfR;d ppkZ djSr
NfFkA rfg;kl izfr c[kZ uoEcj ekles ^fo|kifr Le`fr xksBh* eukvksy tkbN vk ^nsfly
c;uk* ukefgd Lekfjdkd izdkku lsgks gksbNA
2014es ,dj ikpe v?;Zd yksdkiZ.k Hksy tdj eSfFkyh lkfgR; txres visf{kr izkalks
HksyA cgqr lkfgR; izseh yksdfud vkxzg Hksy ts lkyes ,dj nw Vk izdkku gks r cf<+;kA
fopkj&foekZd ckn bZ fu.kZ; Hksy ts ts lq>ko uhd vfNA dSd n`fV, dus dfBu vo;
eqnk vlEHko ufgA r; Hksy ts Nvks ekld vUrjkyij uoEcjd ckn eb ekles Jh tkudh
uoeh eSfFkyh fnol rFkk eSfFkyh uockZd voljij fefFkyk foHkwfr ioZ eukvksy tk, vk
laxfg nkslj Lekfjdkd izdkku gksA bZgks fufpr Hksy ts ,fg cs#dk 2015d ebes
vad ;qxizorZd dohoj pUnk >kij vk/kkfjr gksA lSg iz;kl d,y xsy vfN r[ku vkxk ek
eSfFkyhd tsgu bPNk!
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i`Bd uvks Vk xEHkhj vkys[k vfNA vkvksjks vusdkusd fo}ku yksdfud fofkV jpuk l
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dFkk&dforkd vfrfj foKku] d`fk] fodkl vk lkekftd ljksdkjd vkys[k ,dj fokskrk
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eSfFkyh Hkkkk HkkjrsVkd ufg vfirq food e/kqjre Hkkkkesl ,d vfNA eSfFkyh
lkfgR;d bfrgklks cM+ O;kid vfNA dfoJsB fo|kifr lu jpukdkj dksuks vku Hkkkkes HksVc
vlEHkoA rs viu ekr`Hkkkk vk mRd`V lkfgR;ij izR;sd eSfFkyds xoZ g,c LokHkkfodA
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vk lq>ko voLl iBkcfFk tkfgl vfxyk csj vksfg Lekfjdkd xq.kokkes vkvksj lq/kkj d,y
tk ld;A laxfg fuosnu ts viu lg;ksx vfguk fujUrj nSr jghA vius ysy ^nsfly c;uk*
vksrsd egoiw.kZ ufg;ks Hk ldSN eqnk ,djk ysy viusd lg;ksx cM+ ekus j[kSr NSdA
t; fefFkyk! t; eSfFkyh!!
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d.Bgkj fiz; fpjatho dfo!
oakhoVes] o`UnkouesA**

5- Jh y{e.k >k ^lkxj*

^nsfly c;uk*d ikpe v?;Z vknj.kh; Jh jktuUnu yky nkl thd ekjQr HksVyA
J)s; Jh n;kukFk >k thd Qksu vk;y ts i<+ykd ckn viu vfHker lEiknd egksn;ds
iBkchA lEikndth Hkfjld gejk ufg fpUgSr NfFk fd,d r gejkl jpuk ufg eaxyfu
vkb /kfjA ge eqnk gqudk fpUgSr fN;fu ^Hkkjrh&eaMu*d le;lA ts&lsA
izokles jfgd vgk yksdfu viu ekfVl tqfM+ viu Hkkkk vk laLd`frd ysy ts
dkt djSr Nh ls izkaluh; vfNA eSfFkyhd ysy trck dkt izokles gksbr vfN] rdj
pkSFkkb;ks dkt fefFkykapyes ufg gksbr vfNA
,dVk lekpkj lqfu nq%[k Hksy ts xqokgkVh, tdk gSnjkcknkses laLFkkd nw QkM+ Hk
xsy] ls ufg gsckd pkghA United we stand and divided we fall. [kSj---A
Lekfjdkd lEiw.kZ jpuk ,[ku /kfj ufg if<+ ivksygq vfNA if<+;s jgy NhA eqnk
jpukd p;u] oxhZdj.k vk izLrqfrdj.k uhd ykxy vfNA Qxqvk fnu njHkaxkl jeskth
Qksu dsus Nykg ts ^nsfly c;uk*es jpuk iBkmA gquds dgykij viu jpuk iBsckd
/k`Vrk dsygq vfNA uhd ykx; r Nkfi nscSd] ufg r dksuks ckr ufgA
vgk yksdfud laLFkk ldkjkRed dkt dj;] rkfg kqHkdkeukd lA

10

uo ;qxd fuekZrk % dohoj pUnk >k

& MkW0 nsodkUr >k
dohoj pUnk >kd O;fDrRo vk d`frRod foLrkj vifjfer NfuA nsk] lekt vk
lkfgR; ysy fgud vonku vo.kZuh; NfuA vks ,d egku jpukdkjs Vk ufg] vfirq ,d
lQy vuqlU/kkudkkZ] uo tkxj.kd iz.ksrk vk egku lekt lq/kkjd lsgks NykgA fgudk
fok;es trck fy[ky tk,] FkksM+ gks;rA r[ku] fufpr dkykof/kd ,fg vkys[kes fgud
cgqvk;keh O;fDrRod foLrkjesl ek= fuEufyf[kr foUnqij ge laf{kIr ppkZ djc &
1- uo tkxj.kd i`Bk/kkj
2- jkek;.kes fefFkykd >kdh
3- eSfFkyhd jkek;.k}; & ,d rqyukRed lUnHkZ
4- dohoj pUnk >kd dkO;es NUn ;kstuk
1- uo tkxj.kd i`Bk/kkj % pUnk >k 1831&1907 bZ0 dsj vkxeud laxfg eSfFkyh
dforkes tkxj.k ;qxd Lo.kZizHkkr iljyA vks eSfFkyh lkfgR;d lc {ks=es kfUrdkjh
ifjokZu vuyfu rFkk f?kly&ihVy k`axkfjd jgL;oknd /kkjkes uo jDrd lapkj d;yfuA
fuLlUnsg vBkjge krkCnhd eucks/k viu d`.ktUe 1749 bZ0es izxfr&iFkd lw=ikr d,
pqdy Nykg( eqnk bZ pUnk >k Nykg ts d`.kdkO;d izpfyr ijEijkds rksfM+ fefFkyk Hkkkk
jkek;.k 1892 bZ0 izdkfkr d;yfuA fo|kifrd nh?kZdkfyd lEeksgu vks gqud jk/kk&d`.kd
izsed fnO; yksdd ipkr~ pUnk >kd jkek;.k ,d ;qxkUrjdkjh jpuk fFkdA lhrk&jked
lqxfBr dk#f.kd dFkk] foiTtkyd lax gqud thoud vfXuijh{kk gejkyksdfud n;d
eeZiznskds rsuk us vkRelkr~ d, ysyd ts ge cM+ lqxerkl fo|kifrd kkunkj izseh
&;qxyd jksekuh lq[kl viu eqg eksfM+ ysygqA pwfd lhrk fefFkykd csVh Nyhg vks
fefFkykd /kjrh jkedFkkd lkjHkkxds viukes tksxkd j[kus Ny] rs dohoj pUnk >kd
dkt lqxe Hk xsyA lhrk&jked dFkk ,rsd uEgj vUrjky /kfj viufg HkwHkkxij misf{kr
jg; & bZ lfjiksa cgqr vkp;Zd fok; Ny tdj ;FksV ifjektZu egkdkO;ksfpr xfjek vks
HkO;rkd lax izLrqr d`fres d,y xsyA egkdkO;ds yksdkkL=h; kSyh vk fkYies izfr:fir
d, pUnk >k loksZPp lQyrkd fk[kjij vk:<+ gks;ckd xkSjo izkIr djSr NfFkA gqud
fpjLFkk;h d`fr egkdkO;ksfpr vkSnkR; vks izxhrRol vksr&izksr vfNA viu xkEHkh;Z vks rhozrk]
y; vks ek/kq;Z] vUr}ZU} vks oSkE;] foLe; vks dkSrwgyes bZ vlk/kkj.k vfNA okYehfdd Bksl
vk/kkjij fofufeZr vks v/;kRe jkek;.kl vuqizkf.kr bZ iw.kZrkd fk[kjds pweSr vfN vks
vkuUnd uo&uo vk;ked mn~?kkVu djSr vfNA izR;sd ladVkiUu ?kM+hes U;k;d i{k/kj cfu
dfo ;qxd vfHkO;fDr djckes cgqr vkxk fudfy tkbr NfFkA
pUnk >k lkekftd psruk vk jkVh; vfLerkd dfo NfFkA vks euq;rkfo/kk;d
jkxkRed rod mUehyu djSr NfFk rFkk lkekftd U;k;d ToyUr leL;kd lgh iSekukij
iqjtksj vksdkyfr djSr NfFkA vks L=hd khy vk eku&lEekud j{kk djSr NfFk vk
iq#k&opZLod fojks/k djSr NfFkA fefFkyk Hkkkk jkek;.k lhrk] vgY;k] dSds;h] eUFkjk] kcjh
vks lqykspukd eeZLikhZ fp= izLrqr djSr vfNA dkfynkl vks vU;kU; ts dykdkj lhrkd
ouokld dFkk&izlaxij viu dye pykSyfu vfN] rkfg lcl vf/kd n;nzkod :ies vks
ukf;dkd i{kds izLrqr d;yfu vfNA egkdkO;d :ies fefFkyk Hkkkk jkek;.k eSfFkyhd izFke
iz;kl fFkdA vkfHktkR; vk vkSnkR;] pfj=&fp=.k] jl vk Hkkod vfHkO;fDr] d#.kre fp=d
e/kqjre y;d lax lEizsfkr lanskd vk/kkjij bZ egkdkO;d dlkSVhij Bk<+ mrjSr vfNA
11

dFkkudes dk;Zd ,drkd fuoZgu djSr bZ lexz :il lefV izHkkods lqjf{kr
j[kSNA
lkoZHkkSe izse] d#.kk] kkfUr vks ,drkd bZ lkj&laxzg fFkdA Hkkjrh; vkRekd vfHkUu
vaxd :ies bZ fefFkykd lkaLd`frd le`f) vks xfjekd loksZPp funkZu djSr vfNA
euksje :i vks jaxes pUnk >k LFkkuh; vuqjatdrkij viu /;ku dsfUnzr djSr
NfFkA pkgs tudd iqiokfVdkes izFke izse&feyud vkuUnkfrjsd gks] /kuqHkZaxl iwoZd
izse&izrh{kkd vkdqy&O;kdqy ?kM+h gks] fookgd fc/k&cscgkj gks vFkok gkfnZd fcnkbd ekfeZd
{k.k gks & lcrfj pUnk >kes fefFkykd vkapfyd lqkekd lalkj yksVkbr vfNA mRFkku vks
iru] la?kkZ vks dksykgy] fokkn vks vUrosZnukl vkIykfor thoud dVqre ;FkkFkZd fp=.kkses
pUnk >k cstksM+ NfFkA dkO;xr vyadkj&foU;kl] NUnxr&iz;ksx] O;aX;kRed lkeF;Z vks
vFkZNVkl vUrxZfHkZr ykdksfDr rFkk cksy&Pkkyd eksgkojkd dkj.k izHkkokkyh laokn&fo/kkul
fefFkyk Hkkkk jkek;.kd kSyh le`) vfNA
egkdkO;d jpukdkjd vfrfjDr pUnk >k viu fofo/kfok;d xhr ysy lsgks tkuy
tkbr NfFkA gscfues eSfFkyh vdkneh] iVuk gqud xhrd nh?kZre laLdj.k pUnzjpukoyh
1981 bZ0 ukel izdkfkr d;yd vfN tkfges pUnk >kd vkB l;l cslh xhr ladfyr
vfNA bZ xhr lHk dfod thou vks le;d ltho vfHkO;fDr fFkdA bZ vksfg ;qxd lekt
vk laLd`frd eq[kj nLrkost fFkdA
pUnk >kd vkfoHkkZo vk/kqfudrkd vkLoknd lax uo;qxd izkekf.kd eksgj fFkdA
fuLlUnsg vks vk/kqfud eSfFkyh lkfgR;d izokZd NfFkA vks o`gkj vkdkj&izdkj vk xk<+rj
laosnukhyrkd txr mn~?kkfVr djSr NfFk vkvksj eSfFkyh lkfgR;d loZrkseq[kh fodkld
ysy ,d txex izdkk&LrEHk fl) gksbr NfFkA
2- jkek;.kes fefFkykd >kdh egkdfo pUnz % ykynkld lUnHkZ %
t; lxq.ks f=xq.kkrhrs t; t; turkfjf.k lhrsA

t; t; ;ksfxtukuka /;s;s xs;s p JqfrxhrsAA

ifjiky; eka egkek;s t; t; ijesklgk;sA
lk kfDref; fefFkykHkwekS /k`rdeuh;&dk;sAA
fefFkyk Hkkkk jkek;.k] ckydk.M] i`B&63] lkfgR; vdkneh izdkku
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;k y{eheqZfuiqatkksf.krrfr O;ktsu rstkse;h
[;krk Hkwfelqrk oHkkS p fefFkyk/khkky;s LosPN;kA
fln~/;kfnlea fo/kk; yfyrkyhykLlekrks;n~
HkDrku~ jkeeuksfouksnuxq.kS;qZVkLrq rqVk ef;AA

jesojpfjr fefFkyk jkek;.k] ckydk.M] i`B&1] lkfgR; vdkneh izdkku

dohoj pUnk >k vks dfooj yky nkld mi;qZDr xk;u&oUnu jkek;.kd
n;&iznskes eSfFkyhd fnO; ewfkZ x<+Sr vfNA lhrk vUuiw.kkZ /kjrhd csVh fFkdhgA jktfkZ
tudd bZ Lusgiqf=dk NfFkA jked eu&efUnjes jlSr&clSr NfFkA vks czd ;ksxek;k
&kfDr fFkdhgA vgfuZk ;ksxhtud fpkd Kku&xqQkes fuokl djSr NfFkA iwoZirz kfM+r
eqfux.kd jDr&jkfkd Tokyke; foLQksV fFkdhgA lalkjd lc fjf)&flf) gqudfges lafpr
vfNA Jqfr&Le`fr ,fg egkkfDrd efgekd xhr xcSr vfNA viu bPNkl e/kqj ukjh&ewfkZ
/kkj.k d bZ fefFkykd thfor&tkxzr Hkwfees tUe ysyfuA f=xq.kkfRedk fgud ek;k] xq.kd
Qklds rksfM+ thod eqfDrd ckV QksySr vfNA rs ,gu txnEck lhrk tux.kd dY;k.k
djfFkA iki&rkil ihfM+r tuds ,fg Hkolkxjl ikj mrkjfFkA yksdd cqf)&foosd
txkcfFkA
12

jkedFkkd vkRek fefFkyses clSr vfNA fefFkyk jkedFkkd izlo&Hkwfe fFkdA

ckydk.M jkek;.kd lEeksgd izLrkouk fFkdA fefFkyk ,fg dFkkds izLrqr djSr vfNA
ef.kekykU;k;l bZ dFkkd e/;ef.k fFkdA foo&lEeksgud lc lkt&ckt ,r; BkBy
vfNA bZ oLrqtxr dsgu lEeksgd] dsgu xqykch] je.kh; vks jksekapd vfN ls ,r; nsf[krs
cuSNA rs izk;% lc jkek;.k fefFkykd ,fg eksgd jl&jax] ckdh&>kdh] uksad&>ksad vks
Hkko&foykld nqvkfj Qksfy nsyd vfNA foksk :il fdkksjkoLFkkd lgt&e/kqj izse]
iqi&p;u] fxfjtk&iwtu] /kuqHkZax] fookg vks fonk&izlax vkdkZ.kd dsUnz&foUnq jgy vfNA
fuLlUnsg rqylhnklds ,fges cslh lQyrk gkFk yxyfu vfNA
fefFkyk&efgekd o.kZues dfo pUnz vks ykynkl & nquw viu&viu dye rksfM+
nsyfu vfNA cDlj fLFkr fookfe=d fl)kJel derkSy] njHkaxkd xkSre eqfud iq.;kJe
/kfj vkvksj iq.;kJel jktfkZ tudd jkt/kkuh tudiqj /kfjd jke&y{e.kd lax egfkZ
fookfe=d ;k=k&izlax izkphu fefFkykd Lof.kZe v/;k; fFkdA ;k=h&vkdkZ.kd dsUnz&foUnq
bZ fefFkykiqjh kfDrd tkxzr fl)ihB fFkdA /kjk/kked bZ ikou ;KHkwfe fFkdA /keZl /kzqfor]
nkZul vkyksfdr vks v?;kRel mn~Hkkfkr bZ ns[kckd oLrq vfNA bZ vks fnO;Hkwfe fFkd tr;
y{eh&ukjk;.kd ifj.k;&ioZ vk;ksftr HksyA bZ fo|k&oSnq;d vts; x<+ fFkdA Kku] deZ
vks HkfDrd bZ f=os.kh/kke fFkdA ,r; egfkZ fookfe=d eq[kl Madkd pksVij dfo pUnz
dgSr NfFk &
frjgqr lu ufg nkslj nskA foKkuh ekuh fefFkyskAA
kkfir kadj /kuq rsfg BkeA viugq dk ns[kd fFkd jkeAA
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thoUeqDr tr; cl yksdA Kku izrki fpk ufg kksdAA
lhrk dU;k rr; dqekfjA /kuqk ;K u`i d;y fopkfjAA
fkod /kuqk rksM+r ts vk;A ,fg dU;k es lSg tek;AA
iq.;{ks= fefFkyk&nkZud ykylk tksxvksus y{e.kd izfr jkeHknzd bZ jlksn~xkj
fefFkyk&oSHkod ijkdkBk fFkd &
dh fnO; Hkwfe fefFkyk ge vkfc xsykSaA
ns[kSr ek= eu y{e.k r`Ir HksykSaAA
dh fnO; Qwy Qy o`{k vuUr /kkuA
i{kh foy{k.k djS vfN jE; xkuAA
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vfrk; tu lkStU; nsk eqfutu eujatuA
ts rkdh ls HksV drgq ufg l`fV ,gu luAA
ukfj lqu;uk kqHkerh dqynSor yTtkorhA
ldy jlKk uhfrerh ekaxt oj xrhAA
iqu% ,dj vuqxqat ykynkld jkek;.kes loZ= lquy tk ldS, &
fefFkyk e.My vuqie nskA jgfFk tr; Jhjek&jeskAA
lqUnj fofiu lqiqfir k`axA fid dqy dwftr xqaftr Hk`axAA
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kksHkk fefFkyk&iqj cud] ts fdNq dfg; ls FkksfM+A
cqf> iM+ uUnu fofiu tfu] vk;y lqjiqj NksfM+AA
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lqj lqUnfj lfu fefFkyk ukfjA miekjfgr ldy lqdqekfjA
xq.k vkxfj lHk tfu cqf/k;kfjA :i mtkxfj ukxfj ukfjAA
13

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fefFkyk nsk ije vfHkjkeA ldy rhFkZe; /keZd /kkeAA
vkcfFk rr; equhk vusdA fefFkyk okl djfFk lqfoosdAA
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;KHkwfe fefFkyk efg nskA clfFk tr; eqfu foK fokskAA
fofo/k unh ikou tg cg;A ikidyki ng; lq[k yg;AA
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lhrk ijek izd`fr vuwiA ldy pjkpj rfuds :iAA
lSg yksd es vfr efrekuA lhrk in tfudk jg /;kuAA
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uSgj gej lqfefFkyk nskA vfr fiz;dj dh dgc fokskAA
ukFk lfgr fut rst iBk;A jgf;r Nh ge rrfg lnk;AA
vktqd [kf.Mr fcgkjes ;k=k&izdj.kd mi;qDr vak cgqr izklafxd vfNA i;ZVud
{ks=es fefFkykd fodkld izpqj laHkkouk fufgr vfNA ,rqd iku] e[kku] ekN] vke] dsjk
vkfnd vkS|kSfxd fodkld laHkkoukd laxfg bZ ifj{ks= jkVh; i;ZVud ekufp=ij
fefFkykd laLFkkiud ;FksV fnkk&funsZk djSr vfNA gej nquw egkdfo fefFkykd lkekftd]
lkaLd`frd] /kkfeZd] ,sfrgkfld] ikSjkf.kd vks jktuhfrd ifjn`;d fnXnkZu d;yfu vfNA
gej bZ nquw jkek;.k tuddkyhu fefFkykd lkfgfR;d nLrkost fFkdA vkReeqX/krk]
vfrjatuk] vfrk;ksfDr rFkk yksdkskj vfrizkd`frd fp=.kl vfrkUr jfgrks rF;d drgq
viyki ufg vfNA rRdkyhu fefFkykd lH;rk&laLd`frd fokn~ fp=.k ,dj fokskrk fFkdA
nqgw ekr`Hkkkkd fk[kj d`fr Dykfld fFkdA fefFkykd xke&?kj] yksd&osn] Qwy&ikr]
ikq&i{kh] uxj&Mxj] vkpkj&fopkj vks kkL=&O;ogkjd ,r; Vdlky nsf[krs cuSNA eSfFky
ijEijk vks laLdkjd loZ= j{kk d;y xsy vfNA vkfrF;&lRdkj] fc/k&cscgkj] mfprh
&feurh] fcvkg&nqjkxeu] nku&ngst] [kku&iku] Hkkj&nksj] cj&cfj;krh] eukbu&fc/kdjh]
xhr&ukn vkfnd ,r; iFkkj ykxy vfNA fefFkykd fkYidyk vks fp=dykd leFkZ
iznkZu vfNA lhrk&Lo;Eojd n`;es ,dj loksZPp fu[kkj vfNA fefFkykoklhd ?kj&vkxu
vks tudthd jktHkoud o.kZues dyk&dkSkyd /kwe epy vfNA LFkkiR; vks fefFkyk&kSyh
d ewfkZdykd ltho >kdh vfNA iqiokfVdk] fxfjtk&iwtu] /kuqHkZax] ukasr&irk] ?kVdjkt
krkuUnd e/kqj dVk{k vks okDdkSky] fl)kUr&i=] xks=k/;k;] pqekvksu&ifjNu] foiVk&
uVqvk vkfnd iznkZues viwoZ ukVdh; peRdkj vfNA
fefFkykd yksd ije mnkj] e`nqHkkkh] lkSE;&lfg.kq] O;ogkj&dqky vk dkZO;fuB
NyA /keZizk.k ,rqd turk viu iq#kkFkZ&flf)es layXu jgSr NyA uj&ukjhes iw.kZ lgefr
vks lejlrk NySdA ikfrozrd e;kZnk loksZifj NyA vgY;kd fookg&eks{k vks iquyZXu
uo;qxl lUnfHkZr vfNA nkEiR;d e;kZnk vks vknkZ xkgZLF;d /kqjhij lekt izfrfBr NyA
unhekr`d fefFkyknskes HkwlEink] tylEink] QylEink vks KkulEinkd lkezkT; vksNkvksy
NyA ^;Fkk jktk rFkk iztk* dsj vuq:i jktk&iztkes iw.kZ LokjL; NyA ,rqd izkklu vknkZ
jktra=d leqn~?kksk djSr NyA jktHkfDres iztk jey NyA okuLifrd lqkek&lkSjHk vks
ikq&i{khd ,r; euksje lalkj lty NyA
fefFkykd Hkwfe kL;;keyk vks u;ukfHkjke Nfod [kkfu NyA mkjes fgeky;]
nf{k.kes xaxk] iwces dkskh vk ifPNees x.Mdl vkosfVr bZ Hkwe.My /kjk/kked k`axkj NyA
lrh t[ku kjhj R;kx d;yfu vks fko gqud e`rnsg y txUu`R; d;y r lrhd oke
vax fefFkyses [klyA rs ra=&ea=d izknqHkkZo ,rfg HksyA okekpkj dqykpkjij Hkkjh iM+yA
fefFkyk kfDrrhFkZ cfu xsyA lhrk vks ikoZrhd :ies y{eh ,r; vorh.kZ HksyhgA y{eh&
14

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iq.;ktZud ysy vkc ,r; v;ufg dqkyA ijUrq nqHkkZX;d fok; ts dky&pd izokges
lqxkSyh lfU/k lu nqpd dkj.k vktqd fefFkyk fo[kf.Mr Hk xsyhg] lEizfr
vafxdk&cfTtdkd vkUnksyul vkkUr dksyk&dksyhes foHkDr bZ mkjkskj {k;xzLr Hksy tk
jgy vfNA rs ge vkb viu i;ZVu&lEcU/kh vkdkZ.kds uV&HkzV d jgy NhA kfDrd
fl)ihBd /kkgh eUn ifM+ jgy vfNA lexzSdRosu dgy tk ldSN ts pUnk >k vks ykynkl
leHkkosu fefFkykd vfLerk] eku&lEeku vks xfjek&e;kZnkd ekun.M NfFkA eqnk lerqY;
jfgrks nquwd fnkk vks n`fV] fkYi vks dF; viu&viu Qjkd ekun.M x<+Sr vfNA
lkekU;r% izcU/kdkO;d leqRdkZ] xhrkRed fu[kkj] jkx&Hkkld funkZu] HkkkkkkL=d
fnXnkZu] nq%[knX/k thoud ;FkkFkZ] thoud lafyV fp=.k] dkO;&le`f)] d#.kkd
ryLifkZrk] laokn&lkSBo] yksdkSyh vks yksdfkYies pUnk >k t vfots; NfFk r iqjk.kd
/kkjkokfgd kSyhd eSfFkyhdj.k] o.kZukSyhd peRdkj] O;aX;&fouksnd uksad&>ksad] gkL;d
pVdkj] k`axkjd Hkko&foykl] ra=&ea=d egksPpkj vks kfDrd loksZRdkZes ykynkl viu
fofkV Nki NksM+Sr NfFkA fefFkyk&o.kZues dfo pUnz FkksM+cses rsgu us pkSdk&NDdk ekjSr
NfFk ts ,d&,d jud tksxkj gqudk O;FkZ cq>kbr NfuA ykynklds dksuks oLrqds foysfkr
djckd ok csdNk&csdNkds dgckes foksk vuqjkx cq>kbr NfuA ukuk mik[;kud
lek;kstul tr; vks fok;&oSfo/;] jkspdrk vk dkSrwgyd viwoZ l`fV djSr NfFk( vksr;
pUnk >k eSfFkyh Hkkkkd foy{k.k tknwxj cfu xhfr&jhfr vks jkx&jkfx.khd rsgu us iFkkj
yxk nSr NfFk ts ikBd lgtfg >wfe mBSr vfNA jlfl) vks jlyhu r nquw egkdfo
NfFk,( eqnk dkO;kuUn vks HktukuUnes pUnk >k viu izfrLi/khZl cgqr vkxw fudfy tkbr
NfFkA ukjhd eku&lEeku vks kfDr&lkeF;Zd fnXnkZu mHk;= vfN( eqnk pUnk >kd
ukjh&ik= tr; d#.kk vks nSU;d thfor izfrewfkZ cfu gejkyksdfud n;ds nzfor vks
m}sfyr djSr NfFk vksr; vkst vk tkZd tkxzr izfrewfkZ ykynkld ukjh flagokfguh nqxkZ
vks j.kp.Mh dkyh cfu k=q&nyd eku&enZu djSr iq#k&lektd fujadqkrkij viu vts;
fot;&/ot xkM+Sr vfNA
lhrk&ifjR;kx vks ikrky&foy;d eeZnzkod vakds jke&dFkkd eq[; /kkjkl
fudkfy iqdj dk.Md vk;kstu ykynkld fofkV x<+ fFkdA csNi yfxrks bZ jke&dFkkds
uo vFkZokk nSr vfNA fuLlUnsg lhrk&ifjR;kxd nk#.k vks nqoZg n`;es dohoj fefFkykd
csVhd eku&lEekud xq#rj izu mBk mn~HkzkUr iq#k&lektds psrvksyfu vfN( eqnk dfooj
ykynkld lhrk fcuk jked vfLrRosds yydkjSr NfFkA ykynkld jke lhrk&ifjR;kxd
lkgl ufg tqVk ldSr NfFkA thoud dVq&rh{.k ;FkkFkZd vadu vks d#.kkd ryLifkZrkes
dohoj cM+ izHkkoh NfFk( eqnk viu izklkfnd izokg vks vknkZd izfreku x<+ckes ykynkl
de lEeksgd ufg NfFkA dqy feykd fefFkyk&o.kZues nquw jkek;.k fofo/krk vks cgqjaxrkd
ltho fp=k/kkj fFkdA chle krkCnhd vfUre pj.k okZ 1999es fefFkyk Hkkkkd nquw
jkek;.kd iqueqZnz.k d lkfgR; vdkneh gejkyksdfud cM+ midkj d;yd vfNA jkVd
eq[; /kkjkes lfUufoV ,fg nquw jkek;.kd vkc dsvks mis{kk ufg d ldSNA jkek;.kd
ijEijkes fefFkykd bZ vonku jkVh; f{kfrtij viu fofkV Nki NksM+rA jkVh;rkd
niZ.kes dohoj pUnk >k vks dfooj ykynklds ns[kc lehphu fFkdA vUrr% ge dohoj
pUnk >kd leqRFkkiud Lojes dg; pkgc &
bg txfr ;nfLr LFkkoja taxea ;r~
rnfrk;ueL;a czrks ukfi fHkUue~A
Hkofr Hkorq yksds lRdFkk;k% izpkjks
tudu`ifriq=h
ekr`Hkkkkafprk;k%AA
15

iqup dfooj ykynkld leq|kiud bZ kCn cM+ lkfHkizk; fFkd &

ldy txr kfDrd vk/kkjA fcuq lhrk ufg vfN fuLrkjAA
lhrk ijek izd`fr vuwiA ldy pjkpj rfuds :iAA
$
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jgq izlUu tkufd lnk] {kec gej vijk/kA
tkSa dqiq= nwk.k dj;] tuuhdk ufg ck/kAA
$
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yky e/kqi yf[k yky Hko] fdakqd ij tuq HkwyA
oSnsgh in dey e/kq] lso ldy lq[k ewyAA
3- eSfFkyhd jkek;.k}; & ,d rqyukRed lUnHkZ % jkedFkk lEiw.kZ Hkkjrh;
dFkk&lkfgR;d eqdqVef.k fFkdA lkfgR;] nkZu vks v/;kRed f=dij l`ftr bZ lHk
Kku&foKkud fokky fp=iV fFkdA Hkkjrh; tuthou vks xkgZLF; e;kZnkd bZ pwM+kUr
funkZu fFkdA ekuoh; lH;rk vk laLd`frd bZ kkor fu/kku fFkdA rs food
ekul&iVyij eeZnzkod jkedFkkds trsd yksdfiz;rk HksVySd ls vku dksuks dFkkds ufgA
jkek;.k c`gkj ekuorkd foodksk fFkdA foolkfgR;d bZ vU;re dykd`fr fFkdA mnkk
vk le`) thou kSyhd bZ loksZPp vknkZ vfNA
eSfFkyhd jkek;.k};es rqyukRed lUnHkZ Hkjy iM+y vfNA eSfFkyhes dohoj pUnk
>kd fefFkyk Hkkkk jkek;.k ,d ;qxizokZd jpuk fFkd( ts d`.kdkO;d jatdrkds fokq)
yksdksidkfjrkes foU;Lr djSNA vk/kqfud eSfFkyh lkfgR;d izosk&}kjij bZ c`gLifr tdk
vf/kfBr vfNA fodkld izR;sd laHkkoukds ns[kkj djSr bZ eSfFkyh lkfgR;d f{kfrtij
uo&uo vk;ke x<+Sr vfNA viu lHk {ks=es bZ rrsd kfUrdkjh vk lokZaxiw.kZ vfN( ts ,dj
fifB;k Bksd dksuks lekukUrj jpukd dnkfpr~ iz;kstu ufg NySdA eqnk jked pfjr rsgu
viwoZ vks fgud dFkk rsgu jksekapd vfN( ts dksuks dfo ,fgl viu yksHk lao`r ufg jkf[k
ldSNA egkdfo eSfFkyhkj.k xqIr Bhds fy[kyfu vfN &
jke rqEgkjk pfjr Lo;a ,d dkO; gS]
dksbZ dfo cu tk; lgt laHkkO; gSA
jkedFkkd fiz;rkd bZ izek.k fFkd( ts lalkjes lokZf/kd lkfgR;d jpuk ,ghij Hksy
vfNA laLd`r lkfgR;d dkO;ukVd jkee; vfNA izlUujk?ko ih;wkokhZ t;nsod ,d ,gu
eguh; d`fr fFkd( tdj cgqykak fefFkykd dFkk dgS,A t;nsod bZ mn~xkj Li`g.kh; fFkd
&
pUnzs p jkepUnzs p ukjh.kkap n`xapysA
uhyksRiylqRdkUrkS dL; ukeksnrs eu%AA
vFkkZr~ pUnz] jkepUnz vk dksuks lqnkZukd u;ukuUnd izHkko&{ks=l ds voap jfg ldSN\
egkdfo HkoHkwfr jkedFkkds ekrk vks xaxkd leku yksd&dY;k.kdkfj.kh rFkk
ikiukfkuh crcSr NfFk &
ikIeH;p iqukfr o/kZ;fr p Js;kafl ls;a dFkkA
ekaxY;k p euksgjk p txrks ekrso xaxso pAA
yksdfiz;rkd ,gu fk[kj d`frij dfooj ykynkl ts fnkk vks n`fV nsyfu vfN(
ls loZFkk vfHkuo vkvksj ekSfyd fFkdA flU/kq&lfjrk U;k;l vkfndfo okYehfdd izfr viu
vkHkkj izdV djSr ykynkl viu d`frd iz;kstuh;rk ,uk iznfkZr djSr NfFk &
vkfn dohUnzd lq/kk leqnzA dFkk gej d`r lfjrk {kqnzAA
rsfg leqnz l Hkfj Hkfj uhjA iwfjr djc lfjr xaHkhjA
ts ufg tk ldrk rr nwfjA vvksrk ,fg lfjrk rV ?kwfjAA
16

fo}ku vk izcq) yksdd ysy r okYehfdd jkek;.k miyC/k vfN,( eqnk vkc
vYifkf{kr vks v/kZfkf{krks yksd ykynkld jkek;.k:ih lfjrkd ,fg fueZy tyes voxkgu
d lar`Ir Hk ldSNA lgt&lqyHk Hkkkkes o.kZu&kSyhd viwoZ peRdkj vkuc ykynkld
fokskrk fFkdA ljyrk vks lknxhes bZ dfooj lhrkjke >kd lfUudV NfFk( eqnk iqjk.kd
dFkkokpd kSyh vk ikf.MR;d eksges vks BsB eSfFkyhd vksgu BkB ufg cqfu ldykg vfNA
eucks/k vks dfo pUnzd led{k yksdHkkkkd rsgu eku ufg xf<+ ldykg vfNA rS;ks viu
izokg vks izklkfndrkes dfooj ykynkl FkksM+ ufg NfFk &
fefFkyk uked ikou nskA tg jktfkZ clfFk fefFkyskAA
tUeHkwfe uSgj lhrkdA tr; Lo;a fko :i fiukdA
dohoj pUnk >k vk dfooj ykynkl nquw jkT;kfJr NykgA jktd`ik vks lEekud
nqgw vf/kdkjh NykgA jktizlknu nquwd nkf;Ro Ny( eqnk nqgqd #fp&izo`fkes i;kZIr vUrj
vfNA pUnk >k cgqr la?kkZkhy vk LokfHkekuh NykgA rs gqud jkek;.kd ukedj.kes
fefFkykHkkkkd mRdkZ LQqV vfNA ykynkld jesoj jek$bZoj pfjres fufgr yskd
Hkafxek gqud njckfjrkds vfHkO;Dr djSr vfNA bZ y{ehukjk;.kes jktk&jkuhd vfUofr vk
lhrk&pfj=d leqRdkZes egkjkuhd d`ikdVk{kd vkxzgh NfFkA fefFkyskes jktk tud vk
jesoj flagd LokjL; vfNA dfooj jktkij lefiZr NfFk &
fefFkyskd lsokd Qy] ?kqeygq rhFkZ vusdA
tfg izlkn fudyqk eu] ikvksy lqn`<+ foosdAA
rs jesojpfjr fefFkyk jkek;.k fy[kckd iz;kstuds jktd`ikd vtZul tksM+c
loZFkk vlaxr ufg gks;rA fuLlUnsg ,fg e/kqj dkO;d`frd bZ ,d vkuqkafxd iz;kstu fFkdA
lqUnjdk.Md vUres ykynkld bZ e/kqj mn~xkj xzaFkd iz;kstuh;rkl lUnfHkZr vfN &
lqUnjs lqUnjh lhrk lqUnjs lqUnjh dFkkA
lqUnjs lqUnjks jke% lqUnjs fdUu lqUnje~AA
LodfYirfena xzaFka dkek[;klfUu/kkS e;kA
fyf[kra izhr;s nsO;k% ykynklsu lqUnje~AA
nsoh dkek[;kd izsj.kkl egkkfDrd tkxzr Hkwfees ,dj ys[ku xzaFkjRuds ,d fofkV
vFkZokk iznku djSr vfNA Qyr% jesojpfjr fefFkyk jkek;.kd jpukd ikjekfFkZd iz;kstu
fFkd lhrkpfj=d loksZRdkZ laLFkkiuA egky{eh] egkljLorh vks egkdkyhd leosr :ies
vkfnkfDrd /otkskksyuA egkdkyh vk j.kp.Mh nqxkZd] lhrkd pfj=es izfrBkiuA vkst vk
xoZd izrhd ukjh kfDrd vkokuA kfDr&kfDrekud lejlrses thoud lkFkZdrk fufgr
vfNA fcuq kfDrd ;ksxs czk&fo.kq&egsk lc Qqfl fFkdkg] korqY; NfFk &
kfDr ;ksxl ldy lthoA fcuq kfDrd lHk tx futhZoAA
kfDreku t; kfDrd ;ksxA kfDr&foeq[k ko lu lHk yksxAA
ukjh kfDr fFkdhg vk iq#k kfDreku kfDr% vfLr vL; & kfDr$erqi~ =kfDrer~
& kfDreku~A ukfj;sd kfDrl iq#kd psruk LifUnr gksbr vfNA LoRo eksg ok vf/kdkjd
mUekn iq#kds foHkzfer djSNA rs ,r; mn~HkzkUr iq#k&lektij ukjh&lkkd vts; fot;&
/ot xkM+y xsy vfNA lkekftd lUrqyu vks xkgZLF;d e;kZnk fdEok nkEiR;d ek/kq;Z ysy
bZ loZFkk Li`g.kh; fFkdA Qyr% okYehfdd lhrkd led{k ykynkld lhrk n;kd ewd
izfrek ufg fFkdhg] pUnk >kd lhrk tdk d#.kkd fHk[kkfju ufg NfFk vk us HkoHkwfrd
lhrk tdk cfynkud ckSd izrhds( vfirq vks fodjky dkyh vk j.kp.Mh nqxkZ cfu k=qnyd
eku&enZu djSr NfFkA jko.k&fot;es lhrk izsjd Hkwfedk fuekgSr NfFkA jked p.Mh&ikB
ukjh&kfDrd vkoku fFkdA lglzkuu&o/kes lhrkd dsUnzh; ;ksxnku vfNA ,r; lhrkes
{k=k.khd izcy gqadkj vfN] ohjkaxukd yydkj vfN vk vfN ikS#kd n`Ir ngkM+A
17

ykynkld lhrk dksuks ,gu dkseykaxh ufg fFkdhg( ts ltefu&HkkVk tdk dpfj
nsy tkfFk] vks r ,r; Tokykeq[khd ,gu Hk;adj foLQksV fFkdhg tkfges nqnkZUr k=qny
tfjds vusjs [kkd cfu tkbr vfNA chle lnhd izFke pj.kes ukjh&psrukd bZ ygfj
ykynkld jkek;.kds ,d foksk vFkZokk iznku djSr vfNA fuLlUnsg ,r; egkdfo viuk
le;l cgqr vkxk fudfy tkbr NfFkA vkst vk tkZl vkIykfor ukf;dk lhrkd bZ
kfDre :i egkdfod loksZPp vonku fFkd ts uo;qxes ukjhd vfLerk&eufLorkd leqn~&
?kksk djSr vfNA ohjkaxukd :ies lhrkd vorkj.kk iqdjdk.Md eguh; miyfC/k fFkdA
jkedFkkes fpIih tdk lkVy jfgrks lhrk&pfjrd izfrBk fdEok lokZfrk;rkes iqdjdk.Md
vxz.kh Hkwfedk vfNA ,r; lhrk&ifjR;kxd ekfeZd vakd mis{kk lkfHkizk; vfNA ,fgl
uk;d&ukf;dkd pfj= vukf{kIr jfg xsy vfNA Qsj HkDr&n; ykynkl viu vkjk/;d
pkfjf=d okP;rk dksuk Lohdkjrkg\ fuLlUnsg pUnk >kd dfo&n; ,r; ckth ekfj ySr
vfNA ukf;dk lhrkd R;kx vks foy;d dFkkd ryLifkZrkes dohojd tksM+ ufg vfNA
jesojpfjr fefFkyk jkek;.k ,d ukf;dk&iz/kku egkdkO; fFkdA y{eh&ukjk;.kd
O;ktl bZ lhrk&jked dFkk dgSr vfNA jked yksduk;dRoes lhrkd vlhe lkeF;Zd
vkdyu djSr vfNA oS.ko erij kkDrerd mRdkZ iznfkZr djSr vfNA kkDr lEiznk;d
bZ izFke jkedFkk fFkdA rs lc fdNq ,r; kfDrd n`fV, ns[ky xsy vfNA lhrk
lk{kkr~ ;ksxek;k fFkdhg( tfud ,d HkzwHkaxij l`fVd t; vks {k; upSr vfNA lhrkd
vkf[k, ,fgl iwoZ jkedFkkds ufg ns[ky xsy Ny &
ewy izd`fr y{eh tfud] lhrk :i iz/kkuA
rfud uke tfi ikfc uj] nqgq yksdd dY;k.kAA
$
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txnEck lhrk ufg vkuA rfuds ok fof/k gj HkxokuAA
mn~Hko ikyu lHkd foukkA tkuc rfuds Hk`dqfV foykkAA
lhrkd eku&lEeku fefFkykd csVhd eku&lEeku fFkd &
uSgj gej lqfefFkyk nskA vfr fiz;dj dh dgc fokskAA
ukFk lfgr fut rst iBk;A jgf;r Nh ge rrfg lnk;AA
fefFkyk oSHko] eSfFkyhd in&inkFkZd ek/kq;Z] lkaLd`frd lEink vks izkd`frd lqkek
ykynkld jkek;.kd dkjd ro fFkdA gqudfg kCnes &
fut Hkkkk tuuh fut nskA LoxZgq lkSa tkufFk tu oskAA
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dksey ok.kh ve`r lekuA rdj Hkko&jl D;ks&D;ks tkuAA
iq.; nskes Hkkkk uhfdA fefFkyk lHkd fkjksef.k FkhfdAA
$
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kksHkk fefFkykiqjd oud] ts fdNq dfg; ls FkksfM+A
cqf>ij uUnu fofiu tfu] vk;y lqjiqj NksfM+AA
$
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dksfdy dyjo ;qr vkjkeA fefFkyk eugq clUrd /kkeAA
y{eh tr; d;y vkoklA rgd ds dg; foHko&foyklAA
jesojpfjr fefFkyk jkek;.k /keZ] nkZu vks v/;kRed f=os.kh fFkdA ikf.MR;d
izxk<+rk] fopkjd izkS<+rk vk ekuoh; lnkk;rkl bZ vksr&izksr vfNA ra=er] kkDrer vks
oS.koerd ,r; viwoZ leUo; vfNA kkDr jfgrks ykynkl [kkVh oS.ko Nykg vk oS.ko
vNSrks kfDrd vuU; mikldA ykynkl ewy :ies okYehfdl cgqr izHkkfor NykgA fkYies
bZ rqylhnkld vuqlj.k djSr NfFkA NUn] nksgk] pkSikb vks lksjBkd lQy iz;ksx djSr
18

NfFkA iqjk.kd /kkjkokfgd kSyhd vuqdj.k djSr NfFkA laLd`r jhfr&uhfrd vuqikyu djSr
NfFkA izse] HkfDr vk O;ogkjd jl/kkj cgcSr NfFkA egkdfod kCnes &
vkfndfod vkk; drksd] vkk; fofo/k iqjk.kA
drgq ra= erl djr] yky jke xq.k xkuAA
v/;kRe jkek;.kd izHkko&{ks=es Hko&pd iki&rkil larIr yksdd ysy egkdfo
eqfDrd lU/kku djSr NfFk &
eu ejky Hkorkyes] dh djf;r Ng cSflA
Jhin ekul lj pyg] ficg lq/kkjl iSflAA
c>yk ;|fi tho&lqd] izcy dfyd n`<+ QUnA
lhrkjked uke fur] i<+g yky lkuUnAA
vUrr% lalkjd vkfg&m/kokl =k.kd mik; lqyHk vfN &
Hktq eu ckjEckj] lq[knk;d lhrk pj.kA
vuk;kl gksm ikj] HkolkxjlkSa fcufg JeAA
txnEck lhrkd foHkwfr Hko&cU/kud leqPNsnd fFkd &
gejk tkuc ijek kfDrA gefg djSNh l`fV foHkfDrAA
ukkjfgr fuR;k ge ,dA gejfglkSa bZ txr vusdAA
gegh Nh ijekRek :iA fo|kfo|k gej Lo:iAA
efgek gej ije foLrkjA cU/ku eqDr djh lalkjAA
$
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gejk vgdk ufg fdNq HksnA ,ds fFkdgq dgS NfFk osnAA
yhyk gsrq /k;y nqb nsgA cz vak nqgq fuLlUnsgAA
,rkork ykynkld jkek;.k n`;eku ,fg lEiw.kZ HkkSfrd txrds ekr`lkkl
leqn~Hkkflr ns[kSr vfNA yhyk vks yhykiq#kkske] kfDr vks kDR;k/kkj] iq#k vks izd`fr] cz
vks ek;kd fjjalk o`fk ,dksga cgq L;ke & ;Sg v}Ssroknd x<+ fFkdA pkgs txres vkRekds
ns[kh vFkok vkRekes txr & mHk;= v}Srflf) leku/kekZ fFkd( eqnk ykynkld jkek;.k
^jkeksge~* ok ^fkoksge~*l mij mfB ^lhrkge~* dsj egksPpkj djSr vfNA ;Sg pje miyfC/k
ykynkld jkek;.kd ikjekfFkZd iz;kstu fFkdA
4- dohoj pUnk >kd dkO;es NUn ;kstuk % _d~] lke] ;tql~ vkvksj vFkoZ & pkfj
osn fFkd vk fk{kk] O;kdj.k] dYi] fu#Dr] T;ksfrk vk NUnds osnkax dgy xsy vfN kMaxks
osnks/;s;ks Ks;pA rs foiz vks izkKds Nvks vaxd lax pk: osnd v/;;u vks Kku izkIr
djckd pkghA lEiw.kZ oSfnd vks ykSfdd lkfgR;es dkO;&jpuk lkeF;Zd vk/kkj NUnsds
ekuy xsy vfNA NUn vk o`k lekukFkZd fFkdA ^NUn~ vkoj.ks* ok ^NUn~ viokj.ks* /kkrql
^NUn~$vlqu~* izR;;d ;ksxl ^NUn* kCn fuiUu gksbr vfNA Jhen~Hkxon~xhrk v/;k;&10]
yksd&35es d`.k NUnkse/; xk;=h NUnds viu loksZPp foHkwfr ekuyfu vfN xk;=h
NUnlkege~*A ,gu ekU;rk vfN ts iwoZes leLr nsoe.Myh xk;=h NUnl vko`k NykgA
vr,o] ,gus iq.;e; vkoj.kd dkj.k ,dj uke ^NUn* iM+y ts dkykUrjes lEiw.kZ
NUnkkL=d i;kZ; cfu xsyA fiaxy _fk fojfpr fiaxykkL= NUnd vkdj xzaFk ekuy
tkbr vfNA o`k prqfoZ/k gksbN & 1- Loj o`k] 2- o.kZ o`k] 3- ek=k o`k vkvksj 4- rky o`kA
Loj o`k osnes iz/kku Ny] r rky o`k laxhr kkL=esA ykSfdd laLd`r lkfgR; vks vk/kqfud
Hkkjrh; Hkkkk lkfgR;es ek=k o`k vk o.kZ o`kds NUnd fu;ked ro ekuy xsy vfNA i|d
jpuk] o.kZ vks ek=kd ,gu lqO;ofLFkr fu;el ifjpkfyr gksbr vfN tkfgl vksdj y; vk
lqj lnfr cuy jg;A o`ky;kuqdwy okD;foU;kl NUn fFkdA NUn ek=k vks o.kZd vks
19

fufpr eku fFkd tkfg vuqlkj dksuks i|d pj.k fy[ky tkbr vfNA vkdkj ok foLrkj
vkfnd fopkjl NUn dkO;&jpukd ,gu :i ok lkp vfN] tkfgij i|d lalkj lkpy
tkbr vfNA /ofud O;ofLFkr lkeatL; ok lUrqyul i|es ,d viwoZ y;kRed fu[kkj vcSr
vfNA rhozre HkkokuqHkwfrd lgtre vfHkO;fDr NUnses lqyHk vfNA NUn Hkkkkds r
fkV&fofkV cufcrs vfN] Hkkods lsgks la;fer ,oa ifjd`r djSr vfNA ,gh lHk dkj.ks
x|d vis{ks i|ds Lej.k jk[kc cslh lqxe vfNA i| Hkkkkds fLFkjrk vk ifjiDork iznku
djSr vfNA iBuh;rk] Jqfrfiz;rk vks laxzg.kh;rk & lc n`fV, NUnkse; i|d viu ewY;
vfNA rs ckSf)drkd iz[kj mUesk gks ok gkfnZdrkd lgt vfHkfuosk & dkO;&f{kfrtij
NUnd v[k.M lkezkT; lc fnul ygjkbr jgy vfN vk ygjkbrs jgrA vktqd eqDr NUn
ok NUnkseqDr dfork lsgks ,d fofkV y; ok jkx (rhythm / melody)d vis{kk j[kSr vfNA
oSfnd lkfgR;es NUnksHkax vdYiuh; vks v{kE; vijk/k NyA yksdes dgch izfl) vfN &
tsuk osnfoghu f}t ghu yksdl gks;A
rfguk NUnksKku fcuk dgfFk lc yks;AA
vFkkZr~] tfguk osnKkul kwU; czk.k ok fo}ku yksdes fuUnuh; cuSN] rfguk fcuq
NUnkkL=d cks/ks dfox.k dfo ufg] dfodkBh fFkdkgA
;qxizokZd dohoj pUnk >k ekSfyd izfrHkkd /kfud NykgA fuR; uouoksUesk&
kkfyuh izfrHkk] lw{esf{kdk n`fV] iz[kj ikf.MR;] izcq) Kku] izxk<+ psruk vk lgt jle;
vuqHkwfr dohojd O;fDrRod fo/kk;d ro NyA fefFkyk Hkkkk jkek;.k fyf[k bZ rsgu
dhfkZeku x<+yfu ts eSfFkyh lkfgR;d rhFkZ;k=hds csj&csj fgudk fnl gqydh ekjfg iM+rA
Hkksxjkxd yhyke; dsfy&dyki vks d`.kdkO;d ,djlrk vk tM+rkds rksfM+ ,dfg >Vdkes
lkfgR;&lalkjes bZ jkedkO;d rsgu us fgydksj epk nsyfu ts lc nkrs vkxqj dkV;
ykxyA ,gu ;qxpsrk vks ;qxfuekZrk dykdkj dksuks lkfgR;ds cM+ lkSHkkX;l HksVSr NSdA
ifgy csj eSfFkyh lkfgR;d cks)kds ,gu vikj oSHko vk cgqvk;keh n`fVcks/k ns[kckd&
xq.kckd volj HksVyA fefFkyk Hkkkk jkek;.k HkkkkkkL= vks NUnkkL=d uEgj Vdlky
fFkdA dksuks ,d dfo }kjk ,d xzaFkes ,rsd NUnd iz;ksx cgqr dkSrwgyd fok; fFkdA
HkkkkkkL=h; vks NUnkkL=h; v/;;u ysy ,r; rsgu izHkwr lkexzh fNfM+vk;y vfN ts
Lora= v/;;ud vis{kk j[kSr vfNA rs fufpr dkykof/kd ,fg vkys[kes ,r; fok;oLrqd
fn~ek= funsZk d;y tkbr vfNA pUnk >k lu fkYifoU;klh dfo iwoZes dsvks ufg HksykgA
bZ eSfFkyhd ,gu izFke dfo NfFk ts jkxrkyy;kfJr xhrd jpukd lax&lax okf.kZd vks
ekf=d NUnd iz;ksx ,rsd dqkyrkiwoZd d;yfuA fefFkyk Hkkkk jkek;.k ,d izcU/k&dkO;
fFkdA egkdkO;ksfpr xfjek vks vkSnkR;d fuokZg ,fges lcrfj Hksy vfNA fkYi vks dF; &
nquw n`fV, bZ ,d vkdj xzaFk vfNA egkdkO;ksfpr o.kZukRed ok fooj.kkRed kSyhd ysy
nksgk&pkSikb lokZf/kd mi;qDr NUn ekuy xsy vfNA vr,o] dFkkizlaxes dohoj ,dj
mUeqDr iz;ksx d;y vfNA nksgk] pkSikb vks lksjBk d`frds ifjiqV vks ekaly cucSr vfNA
rqylhnkld jkepfjr ekules tr; muSl NUnd iz;ksx vfN] vksr; pUnk >kd fefFkyk
Hkkkk jkek;.kes krkf/kd NUnd mi;ksx ns[ky tkbr vfNA ykynkld jesojpfjr
jkek;.kd yxHkx ckjg xksV NUnd fo#) pUnk >kd jkek;.k NUnd fokky iz;ksxkkyk
fl) gksbr vfNA eSfFkyh Hkkkk&lkeF;Zd ysy bZ vfrk; xkSjod ckr fFkd ts NUnd oSfo/;
vks foLrkjes fgUnhd jhfrdkyhu dskonklds NksfM+ vku dsvks pUnk >kl gkFk fey;ckd
{kerk ufg j[kSr NfFkA eqnk viu izfl) jkepfUnzdkes dskoksnkl rrsd f{kizrkl NUn&
ifjokZu djSr NfFk ts gqud jpuke cukoVh vk vux<+ cfu tkbr NfUgA rs dsoy
oSfo/;&foLrkjes viu fofkV iz;ksx&fkYid dkj.k pUnk >k Hkkkk&lkfgR;d lalkjes
NUnd ,dN= lezkV fl) gksbr NfFkA fkYi&dkSkyd ,gu izkS<+ vk ifjekftZr jpukdkj
20

dksuks Hkkkkd ysy oLrqr% xkSjod oLrq fFkdA

fefFkyk Hkkkk jkek;.kd cgqykak pkSikb NUnes fofufeZr vfN tkfgl dFkk&izokges
drgq O;k?kkr ufg gksbr vfNA nksgk&pkSikbd bZ kSyh lc jkek;.kes vaxhd`r d;y xsy
vfNA ,fgl dFkkd jkspdrk] dkO;d leqRdkZ vk izHkkod izdkZ cuy jgSr vfNA ,dj
vfrfjDr lksjBk] loS;k] :iekyk] t;djh] kV~in] nksc; vkfn fdNq NUn egkdkO;d eq[;
Hkwfeij jgy vfNA eq[; NUnd la[;k lhfer jgykl Hkkkkd izHkko O;ofLFkr jgy vfNA
chp&chpes vku&vku NksV NUn vk jkxd lfUuoskd dkj.k ln~xzaFkd ikjk;.k ,oa Jo.kes
jkspdrk vksfguk cuy jgSr vfN tsuk Hkkstue/; pVuh&vpkjd pVdkj vusjs #fpd
ifjdkj djSr vfNA NUn vks jkxd leUo; djckes rFkk NUnd feJ.k djckes dohojds
csl fl)gLrrk gkfly NfUgA lqUnjdk.Md nkslj&rslj v/;k;es dfok vks ?kuk{kjhd
lqUnj la;ksx HkkoksRdkZes pkfj pku yxk nSr vfNA tsuk &
f=tVk dgy lquq tkudh uohu dFkk]
okuj&foksk oj okfVdk mtkjydAA
j{kd izcy j.k&n{k y{k y{k [ksr]
eqby eqfPNZr drks jko.k iqdkjydA
^pUnz* Hku ;gu u ns[ky lquy Ny]
v{k;&dqekj dk iVfd >V ekjydAA lqUnjdk.M] v/;k;&1] i`B&212
,r; egkohj guqekud ohjrkd leqRdkZ vk dkSrwgy&foLe;d Hkkokosk jko.k&ru;
v{k; dqekjd o/kes nkuh; vfNA rfguk pdksj vks loS;k] gfjin vks iknkdqy nksgk] jksyk
vks yko.;k rFkk galxfr vks tktd e/kqe; feJ.k vU;= ns[ky tk ldS,A rqdkUr ind
izfr dohojd foksk vkdkZ.k NfUgA lEiw.kZ jkek;.kes ,dj lEizlkj vfNA NUnd iz;ksx
djckes egkdfo Hkkod vkjksg&vojksgij foksk /;ku nsyfu vfNA tr; nzqrxfrd iz;kstu
Ny vksr; NksV&NksV NUnd O;ogkj d;y xsy vfNA iqu% tr; xkEHkh;Z vk vkstd
iz;kstu Ny vksr; nh?kZ NUnd iz;ksx d;y xsy vfNA tsuk es?kuknds nzqriwoZd QVdkjckd
ysy lekfudk lkr v{kj izfr pj.k@jkx & lekfudk t&xk uked NksV NUnd mi;ksx
csl izHkkoh fl) Hksy vfN &
es?kukn dh dgwA cqf)ghu Nh vgwA
cki iki dSy dksA e`R;q&ekxZ /kSy dksAA lqUnjdk.M] v/;k;&3] i`B&233
rfguk yadkiqjhes egkohj guqekud inkiZ.k gksbrfg vksrqd yksdes ts vekZ vks Hk;d
Hkko tkxy rdj vkstkse; peRdkjh o.kZu ,fg eUnkkUrk NUnes nkZuh; vfN &
dh js dh js dg fd >V nS ewg fd;S lq[ksykSA
ohjs ohjs cgqr tu Nh =kl dh gsrq HksykSAA
gk gkS gk gkS foifk cM+ NkS dky yadk lesykSA
yadk/oalh dfid ln`ks nksljks Qsfj ,sykSAA
yadkdk.M] v/;k;&3] i`B&269
jlkuqdwy NUnd iz;ksx djckes dohoj fl)gLr NfFkA NUnds jll ?kfuB
lEcU/k NSdA i|c) jpukes jlfokskd mhiu gsrq vko;d vfN ts vksfg jld vuqdwy
NUnfokskd iz;ksx d;y tk,A tsuk Hkqtaxiz;kr vks kknqZyfohfM+r NUnes ohj] jkSnz vks
Hk;kud jl foksk izHkkoksRiknd gksbr vfNA dohojd jkek;.kes kCn vks vFkZd lfgrRo]
jl vks Hkkod vfHkfuosk] vkSfpR;d e;kZnk] xq.kd xkSjo] vyadkjd >adkj rFkk NUnd
pVdkj nsf[krs cuSNA ohj] d#.k vks kkUr jld vuq:i fk[kfj.kh] ekfyuh] eUnkkUrk
vkvksj nzqrfoyfEcr lu laLd`r NUnd lq#fpiw.kZ iz;ksx Hksy vfNA rfguk Hkkfkd NUn
ksk i`B&36ij
21

;qxizokZd pUnk>k
& izks0 MkW0 HkheukFk >k
pUnk>k ;qxizokZd fFkdk] vk/kqfud ;qxd fuekZrk fFkdk] vkfniq#k fFkdk] rkfgij
D;ks izu ufg Bk<+ d;yfu vfNA eSfFkyhd lekykspd] leh{kd] fo}ku ,derl
fgudk ;qxizokZd ekuyfu vfN] rdjk lEiw.kZ lekt Lohdkj d ysus vfNA dsoy MkW0
dkphukFk >k ^fdj.k* dus vkifk ntZ d;us NfFkA gqud vkifkd eq[; fcUnq Nfu ts
pUnk>k fgfUn;kses fy[kSr Nykg] ^,dek= eSfFkyh Hkkkkds lkfgfR;d ek/;e ufg ekuSr
jgfFk*A gqud nkslj vkifk Nfu ts ^us eSfFkyhd Lora= lkkd LFkkiuk ysy egkjktd /;ku
vkd`V d;yfu] us cax lkfgR; ifjkn~d ln`k laLFkkd vk;kstu d;yfu] us lkef;d
lkfgR;d jpukl vls<+rkds nwj djckd ;FkkkfDr iz;kl d;yfu*A ;qxizokZdd :ies
pUnk>kd vLohd`frd ikNk fdj.kthd /kkj.kk jgy gks;rfu ts vks jkT;kfJr NykA
jkT;kfJr yksdd viu O;fDrRo xkS.k Hk tkbr NSd] vks jktkd bPNkij upSr vfNA vk]
ts jkT;kfJr jg;] viu vfLerkd izdkk ufg d ikc;] vksdjk ;qxds cnfy nsckd kfDr
drl vkSrSd\ pUnk>kd vf/kdkak lkfgR;d jpuk jktkd vknskl Hksy Nfu] jktkd
izhR;FkZ Nfu( vk] jktk ts gksbr vfN ls iztkd kkskd gksb vfN] ,gukes pUnk>k iztkd
dfo dksuk Hk ldSr NfFk\ turkd dfo dksuk Hk ldSr NfFk\ vk] ts turkd dfo ufg
gks;r] rdjk vktqd ;qxd izokZd dksuk ekucSd\ fdj.kthd eq[; vkifk ;Sg NfuA
fdj.kthd izfrHkk LFkkfir ekU;rkd [k.Mues dus foksks HkkLoj Hksy ns[kS NhA ls
vkuks Bke ns[kS NhA tsuk] fdj.kth gkL;ds jl ekfurs ufg NfFkA vks dgS NfFk & gkL;jl
vlyes }skjl fFkdA yksdds glh yxS NS vudkij] viukij t[ku fclk tkbNS r lHk
glh ?kkslfM+ tkbNSA vku [klSr vfN r glS fN;S] vius [klS Nh r eqg yVfd tkb,A
vkud fod`r :i ns[kS Nh r gSfl nS Nh] viu lUrku t vksgu Hk tk, r glcSd\
fdj.kth Lo;a cq>S Nyk ts bZ lHk okfXoykl fFkdA ,fgl fLFkfres ifjokZu Hksfugkj ufg NSA
rfguk] vks dgyfu ts o.kZjRukdj x|xzUFk ufg fFkd] vks dkO;xzUFk fFkd] egkdkO; fFkd]
egkjkb kSyhes fy[ky xsy egkdkO;A viu dFkuds vusd rdZl iqV djckd psVk
d;yfuA t rdZ ,dne Qksd jfgrfu r vksgh fok;d kks/kizcU/kij ^MkWDVjsV*d mikf/kl
foHkwfkr dksuk d,y tSrfFk\ vkc r vks iqLrdkdkjks Hk xsy vfNA eqnk fLFkfres rkfgl
ifjokZu ufg HksyA o.kZjRukdj vkb;ks x|sxzUFk dgcS vfNA ;Sg ckr pUnk>kd izlax lsgks
?kfVr gksb vfNA
pUnk>k] fdj.ksthd kCnes ^fNVQqV] VwVy&QwVy fgUnh Hkkkkes* fy[kS Nyk] rkfgl
bZ ^fl)* vfN ts vks ,dek= eSfFkyh Hkkkkds lkfgR;d ek/;e ufg ekuSr jgfFkA ,dek=
eSfFkyh Hkkkkds lkfgR;d ek/;e ekufugkjs Vk JsB jpukdkj Hk ldSN] ;qxizokZu d
ldSN] fdj.kthd ,fg fl)kUrd vk/kkjij ;k=h ,oa jktdeyds eSfFkyhd vksfg
flagkluijl mrkfj nsc iM+r tr gqudk yksdfuds cSlkSus fN;fuA rrcs ufg] vkpk;Z
jekukFk >kd eSfFkyh vonkuds ,dek= ,fg dkj.ks >wl eku iM+r ts vks vaxjsft;kses
fy[kyfuA dksuks ys[kd }kjk vkuks Hkkkkes fy[kc vksdj viu ekr`Hkkkkd izfr vogsyuk ekfu
ysc rdZlaxr ufg yxSr vfNA
rfguk] fdj.kthd bZ mfDr ^pUnk>k ?kjes cSly dksugquk jkek;.k] fdNq egskckuh
fyf[kd lUrqV Hk xsykg* fdNq mkstukes fy[ky cqf> iM+S vfN] dkj.k pUnk>kd ts
fojkV ;ksxnku eSfFkyh lkfgR;es Nfu] rkfgl fdj.kth uhd tdk voxr jgfFkA pUnk>kd
vuqlU/kku] vuqokn] lEiknu ,oa nsknkklwpd ind ek/;es lkfgR;ds fnkk nsckd vlk/kkj.k
22

{kerkds lHkgq tuS fN;fuA

eSfFkyhd Lora= lkkd LFkkiuk ysy egkjktd /;ku vks vkd`V ufg d;us gks;rkg]
ls dksuk dgy tk ldSN\ gqud thoudkyes njHkaxk jkt 1880 /kfj ^dksVZ vkWQ okM~Zl*d
v/khus jgyA rdj ckn y{ehoj flag jktk HksykA pUnk>k ;kor~ viu ego LFkkfir
dfjrfFk rk jktkd nsgkUrs Hk xsyfuA jesoj flagd jkT;dkyes eq[; ijkekhZd vkluij
fojkteku Hk viu ckr eu;ckd fLFkfres v;ckl iwoZfga vks vkDr Hk xsyk] 1907 es
fu/kus Hk xsyfuA pUnk>k eSfFkyhd mRFkku ysy loZrksHkkosu thou Hkfj ykxy jgyk] viu
ledkyhu fo}ku yksdfuds rFkk fefFkykd lektds lnk izsfjr djSr jgyk] bZ r
bfrgklrF; fFkdA
pUnk>k jkT;kfJr Nyk] bZ lR; fFkd( gqud vusd jpuk] jkek;.k lsgks]
jktkd vkKkl fy[ky xsy] bZgks lR; fFkd( cslh jktk iztkd kkskd gksb NfFk] bZgks rF;
NSA rs] fgud jpuk turkd fgrd ufg vfN] ufg Hk ldS vfN & Hkufg rdZkkL=d
fl)kUrij vgk ,djk fl) d fn;kS] eqnk lkfgR; rdZkkL= ufg fFkdA lkfgR; fFkd
jlkkL=A t pUnk>kd jpukl ldy lk/kkj.k yksd] vke turk] jl xzg.k djSr vfN]
vkufUnr gksbr vfN] r vks turkd dfo fFkdk( t gqud jpuk ldy lk/kkj.k turkd
Lojds eq[kj djSr vfN] vksdj bPNk&vkdka{kkds ok.kh nSr vfN] r vks lektd izfrfuf/k
dfo fFkdk( t gqud lkfgR; ifgyqd yhdl gfV uo yhd cucSr vfN vk gqud fufeZr
yhdij ijorhZ lkfgR;dkj viu lkfgR;d xkM+h nkSM+cSr vfN] vFkkZr~ vks lq/khtu&Lohdk;Z
Hk tkbr vfN] vk loksZifj gqud lkfgR; lektds vksgu lUnsk nSr vfN ts gqudkl iwoZd
dfo ufg nsus jgfFk] r Lor% vks ;qxizokZdd vkluij fojkteku ekuy t;rkA gqud
lkfgR;ds cq>oyk] gqud lkfgR;l vuqizkf.kr gkscoyk] gqud lkfgR;l uo fnkkd lU/kku
ikcoykds ,fgl dksu ljksdkj jgckd pkgh ts vks O;fDr dh Nyk] dksu ifjfLFkfres jpuk
d;yfu\ vkc] t[ku vks ufg NfFk] gqud nsgkUrksd ,d l; okZ iqfj xsyfu vfN] r[ku
gqud nSufUnu thouij dh fopkj\ fopkj r rdj gks] ts ,[ku vfNA vk] ,[ku vks ufg
NfFk] ,[ku vfN gqud lkfgR;A gejk yksdfu gqud lkfgR;ij fopkj djS NhA vk] rkgh
vk/kkjij bZ ekuS Nh ts gqud lkfgR; ifgusl py vcSr /kkjkds eksM+yd] vksfges osx vuyd]
vusd Nkjfu cgkj d;yd] rkfgl dkO;d fokky ifjljds flpyd] iVkSyd] Qyr%
eSfFkyh lkfgR; ifjlj iw.kZr% gfjr&Hkfjr Hk mByA vusd ijrh VqVyS] drksd xkNh&dye
yxyS] cgqrks uo pklokl cuySA ;qxizokZu ,djk ufg r ddjk dgcS\
;qx cnyS NS fopkj/kkjkes ifjokZu v;yklA vks ifjokZu rsgu gks ts vfcrfg viu
vfLrRod cks/k djk nsv; vk lektl euck ysv;A vks ifjokZu ,gu gks ts tcdy tyds
fgyksfM+] iks[kfjd eqg [kksfy nsv;] lM+ykgk ikfuds cgk nsv; vk uodk ikfu tek gkse;
nsv;A ,fg n`fV, fopkj djcS r pUnk>kd ego Lor% LiV gksbr pyrA
vkpk;Z jekukFk >k ,gh n`fVl fopkj d;yfu vk vks pUnk>kd jpuklHkl ,rsd
izHkkfor Hksyk ts vk/kqfud ;qx fgudfg ukeij jkf[k nsyfuA vk/kqfud ;qxds fgudk ukel
ef.Mr d;yfu rrcs ufg] fgudk fo|kifrd led{k izfrBk iznku d;yfuA vks dgyfu ts
eSfFkyh lkfgR;es nqb, Vk ;qx vfN & fo|kifr;qx] vFkkZr~ d`.kdkO;;qx ,oa pUnk>k;qx]
vFkkZr~ jkedkO;;qxA vkpk;Zizoj ,rcM+ vklu dohojds nsyfu] ls gqudkij vuqxzg dd
ufg nsyfu] vfirq gqud lkfgR;ds fo|kifrd ipkr~ lHkl vf/kd lektksUeq[kh gks;ckd
dkj.ks nsyfu] gqud lkfgR;es fojkV lektd LiUnuds i;ckd dkj.ks nsyfu] gqud jpukes
fufgr vksfg kfDrd dkj.ks nsyfu ts vkcoyk vusd okZ /kfj lkfgR;dkj] lkfgR;leh{kd
vk lkfgR;jfldds vuqizkf.kr djSr jgr] uo ckV ns[kcSr jgrA vksfguk ckV ns[kkvksr tsuk
ksk i`B&78ij
23

pUnk >kd iksFkk

& MkW0 jekuUn >k ^je.k*
doh'oj pUnk >kd thoudkyes cgqr fdNq gqud lkfgR;d izdk'ku HksyA vksfges
izeq[k vfN okrkoku 1883 bZ0] iq#"kijh{kk 1888 bZ0] y{eh'oj foykl 1888 bZ0]
fefFkykHkk"kk jkek;.k 1892 bZ0] xhrkoyh 1901 bZ0] xhr'kIr'krh 1902 bZ0] xhfrlq/kk
1894 bZ0 vkfnA vk ts thoudkyes ufg Nfi ldyfu] rdjk ,dBke diM+kes ckfUg] ts
vfHkys[kd j[kckd izpfyr ,oa lqfokktud fofk Ny] jkf[k nsy xsySdA b,g dgkSyd
doh'oj ^pUnk >kd iksFkk*A iksFkh Hksy eqfnzr fdrkc vk iksFkk Hksy veqfnzr fyf[kr
ikB~;lkexzhd lap;uA doh'ojd nsgkolkud mijkUr egkjkt jes'oj flag gqud vksfg
^iksFkk* ds e0e0 ijes'oj >kd ftEek yxck nsyfFkuA
doh'oj pUnk >k ek= dfo, ufg Nykg] vks iqjkrkfod n`f"V&lEiUu fefFkykd
laLd`frd egku laj{kd NykgA fefFkykd laLd`fr vk lkfgR;d vuqlU/kkues lnf[ku fujr
pUnk >kds ts fdNq HksVSr Nyfu] fyf[k ysc dfgvks ufg fcljSr NykgA gqudkes vuqlU/kku
l izkIr lkexzhd lnqi;ksxd vlkekU; mnkjrk lsgks NyfuA vk rs ts dsvks fefFkykd
laLd`fr ,oa fefFkykd Hkk"kk&lkfgR;d {ks=es vuqlU/kku djSr Nykg] iw.kZ lg;ksx djSr
NyfFkuA tkWtZ vczkge fxzvlZu] 'kkjnkpj.k fe=k] uxsUnzukFk xqIr vkfnd lkexzh&ladyues
doh'oj pUnk >kd vrqyuh; ;ksxnku loZKkr vfNA
pUnk >kd iksFkkes fofHkUu izdkjd lkexzh NyA fefFkykd bfrgkll lEcfUkr
lkexzhd loZizFke mi;ksx e0e0 ijes'oj >k fefFkyk rofoe'kZ d ys[kues d,yfuA vks
iksFkk cknes vusd lq/kh fo}kud gkFkes vk,y vk #fp] iz;kstu ,oa izdk'ku&lqfokkd vuq:i
vksdj lkexzh lc NiSr jgyA pUnk >kd vkIryksd ,oa ledkyhu [;kr fo}kues Nykg
e0e0 ijes'oj >k] foU;ukFk >k] e0e0 MkW0 lj xaxkukFk >k vkfnA e0e0 ijes'oj >kd
ckn gqud iksFkkd mi;ksx d,yfu e0e0 MkW0 lj xaxkukFk >kA e0e0 MkW0 lj xaxkukFk
>k ,oa MkW0 vejukFk >kd lEiknues egs'kokuh&laxzgd izdk'ku 1920 bZ0es HksySdA ,fges
doh'ojd nw l, ckjg Vk egs'kokuh NfuA doh'ojd nsgkolkud ckn lHkl cslh egod
,oa ifgy izdk'ku b,g HksyA
jktif.Mr cynso feJ }kjk lEikfnr pUnk >kd dforkd laxzg pUnz&i|koyh d
izdk'ku 1931 bZ0es HksySdA pUnz&i|koyh es doh'ojd eSfFkyh] fgUnh vk laLd`rd Nvks l,
ipkl Vk dfork ladfyr vfNA pUnz&i|koyh d ifjof)Zr laLdj.k pUnz&jpukoyh d
ukel MkW0 fo'os'oj feJd lEiknues eSfFkyh vdkneh }kjk 1981 bZ0es NiyA ,fges fofHkUu
ladyues vk,y ,oa vladfyr gqud izk;% leLr dfork lax`ghr vfNA
doh'oj pUnk >kd iksFkkes gqudfg Vk jpuk ufg Ny] vks eSfFkyhd vU; drsdks
izkphu ,oa ledkyhu dfod jpuk ladfyr d, j[kSr NykgA vksfg jpuk lHkd izdk'ku
fofHkUu fo}ku fofHkUu Bke d,yfu vfNA jekukFk >k }kjk lEikfnr ^lkfgR;i=*es egkdfo
xksfoUn nkld xhrd laxzg ^k`axkj&Hktu xhrkoyh* ts izdkf'kr Hksy Ny] lsgks vksgh iksFkkd
ladyu fFkdA ^k`axkj&Hktu xhrkoyh*d lEiknu MkW0 vejukFk >k d,us NfFkA
doh'oj pUnk >k fi.Mk#N xked oklh NykgA fdUrq t[ku vksfgxked izrkih
yksd gqudk miVck ysy foo'k d, nsus NyfFku r vks Bk<+h xkees tk, clykgA vks vO;xz
fpkl viu dqVqEcd ifjiks"k.kd gsrq egkjkt y{eh'oj flagl fdNq lqfokkd ;kpuk d,us
jgfFkuA ^pUnk >kd iksFkk*es gqud vks i= lsgks NyA ,dj mn~?kkVu loZizFke izks0 fo'os'oj
feJ viu 'kks/kizcU/k 1965 bZ0es d,us NykgA bZ lkexzh lHk izks0 feJds 'kks/kdk;Zd
24

vH;Urj izks0 jekukFk >kl izkIr Hksy NyfuA iNkfr izks0 gsrqdj >k jktnjHkaxkd rRdkyhu
vfHkys[kd vuqlU/kkud mijkUr doh'ojd vkosnuij Hksy vuqorhZ dkjckb lEcU/kh
vfHkys[kd lax vks vkosnui= ^vkuUn eUnkfduh* 2000 bZ0es ^pUnk >kd xked izlax fdNq
nLrkcst*es Nikvksy vfNA dohojd vkosnui=es fdNq v{kj pkfV xsy NSdA bZ vkosnui=
pUnk >kd gkFkd fy[ky ,oa nsoukxjh fyfies ,fg izdkjsa vfN &
^^LofLr Jh Jh Jh egkjktkf/kjkt pj.kdey"skq lu eu izkFkZuk dks;LlUrqA ge
gtwjd lsok lkSa viu dqVqEcd ifjiks"k.k vO;xz fpklkSa djS Nh fd fiMk#{k xkees cgqr --fuokl NyA rrd xzkek/khkd vd`ik---- vks xked okl ifjR;kx djd iM+yA gtwj ---- viu
fdNq nkk fuosnu d;yA izHkq n;kyq gej leLr euksnq%[k nwfj HksyA vuqefr gtwj--- vks
vusd xquqrj yksd vks viuks eu cfyr--- LFky Hky iflUn Hksy & j[kckjh lkSa iwoZ cM+lke
Mqejkd mkj] Bk<+h lkSa if{ke&nf{k.k--- iks[kfjd yx ekSts clckd tfeu---- vU/kjkBk<+h
xSjgd tehu ts gks] rr; gej oklLFky vks dqVqEc Hkj.kkFkZ [ksr tks-- -HksV;A
bfr vk"kk<+ d`".k 2
Sd@& pUnk >k
xr ipkl&lkfB o"kZes pUnk >kij izks0 fo'os'oj feJ doh'ojd vizdkf'kr d`frd
ij trsd dkt d,yfu vfN] izrhr gksbN ts e0e0 ijes'oj >k] fcU/;ukFk >k] xaxkukFk
>k] vejukFk >k] jktif.Mr cynso feJ] dfo'ks[kj cnjhukFk >k] jekukFk >kl gksbr vks
^iksFkk* izks0 fo'os'oj feJd gkFkes vkfc xsy NfuA vksfg ^iksFkk*d vk/kkjij uohure izdk'ku
fFkd ^fo|kifr&xhrkoyh* lkfgfR;dh] lfjlc&ikgh] 2014 bZ0A
fo|kifr&xhrkoyhes doh'oj pUnk >k ladfyr nw l, pkfyl xhr lax`ghr vfNA
vksfges 209 xhr fo|kifrd vk rsbl dfod 31 Vk xhr vfNA vksfg rsbl dfoes ?ku';ke]
nsoukFk] jatu] y{ehifr] Jh/kj] lqdfo fe=] lqoa'k yky ,oa Kkunkld xhr ifgys ifgy
izdk'kes vk,y vfNA
Kkr Hksy vfN ts doh'ojd ^iksFkk*es gqud Mk;jh lsgks vfNA Mk;jh Nfi xsykij
lEHko fFkd doh'ojd lf;rk ,oa lelkef;d xfrfof/kij gqud laosnu'khy izfrf;kd
turc lsgks gejkyksdfuds lgtfg HksfV tk,A

25

dkyfl) dohoj pUnk >k

& Jh pUnzsk
bZ ge ifgus xfN yh ts fefFkyk dh] Hkkjrses bfrgkl fy[kckd ijEijk ufg NyA
vaxzst vk,y r bfrgkld egkk vks bfrgkl fy[kckd dyk&dkSky vk iz;kstuh;rk
fl[kkvksyA fefFkyk&eSfFkyhd lEcU/kes tkWtZ vczk fxz;lZud uke vknjd lax ysy tkbr
vfNA
pUnk >k vFkkZr~ ewy uke pUnzukFk >kd iSr`d xke fi.Mk#p fFkdA vks HksykukFk >k
mQZ Hkksyk >kd iq= NykgA fgud ekrkeg fxfjoj ukjk;.k >k] iwoZd lgjlk ftyk vk
lEizfr e/ksiqjk ftykUrxZr cM+xkod lfjlos Nktu ewyd jgfFkA fgud tUefrfFkd lEcU/kes
fookn vfNA dksuks&dksuks fo}ku 1830 bZ0 ekuSr NfFk r dsvks 1831 bZ0A ts fdNq] pUnk
>kd tUe ek?k kqDy 20 tuojh 1831 bZ0 vk e`R;q 14 fnlEcj 1907 ekU; fFkdA pUnk
>kd o`) firkeg jatu >k] fuR;kuUn pkS/kjhd dU;kl fookgd fi.Mk#pes cSfl xsykg
tfud ewy jtkSj ek.MkSj vk xks= dk;i NyfuA pUnk >kd llqj ohj feJ Bk<+h oklh
Nykg vk fgud iRuhd uke dqudqu nkb NyfuA fgud llqj gfj vEe; j[kokjh ewyd
NykgA
pUnk >kd pkfj xksV iq= vk ,dVk iq=h NyfuA eqnk] fof/kd fo/kku ok dkyd
dqn`fV ts nkslj ,oa rslj iq=d vdky e`R;q Hk xsyfuA pkfje iq=d miu;u jgfu] eqnk nw
fnu iwoZ ckUgy eM+ck NksfM+ dky&dofyr Hk xsykgA ifgy iq= fooukFkd fookg pukSj
xkees dkfydk vks>kbul Hksy NyfuA eqnk] fookgd fdNq, okZd ckn fooukFk ijykSfdd
Hk xsykgA dgy tkbr vfN ts fooukFkds ej.kklUu cqf> pUnk >k ,dVk csyd xkN rj
ikfj nsyfuA fooukFk viu firk pUnk >kl dgy ts ge vgkd iq= ufg Nh r izR;qkjes
pUnk >kd dFku ts ge firk jfgrgq r vgkds vFkkZr~ viu iq=ds cpk fyrgqA rrcs ufg]
iq=h eqlgjuh lsgks ,dVk dU;kds tUe n efj xsyhgA vFkkZr~ fgud oak ufg pyyfuA ,fg
ysy vks Bk<+hd jf;k iks[kfjijd okll mifVd ijesojh LFkkud yxhps nfNuokfj Vksyes
okl d,yfuA fgudk fi.Mk#p NksM+; iM+yfuA dkj.k] vks fofHkUu LQqVijd jpukes vksfg
xked tehUnkj vks veyk yksdfud vn[kksb&cn[kksb cgkj djckl ckt ufg v;ykgA vks
lR; xi fy[kyfuA eqnk] bZ dVq lR; vksfg kkskd oxZds ufg vj?kyfuA ts fd bZ dSd
ih<+h iwoZd Hkfxueku oakd vk de tula[;kes jgfFk] rs tehUnkjd pki&nkil fcd
Bk<+hoklh gks,ckd ysy ck/; Hksykg tkfg gsrq ,dVk T;ksfrkh Hkxoku nk >k lsgks fgud
lax n Bk<+hoklh HksykgA
vkLFkk vks fookld /kwjhij Bk<+ Hk vks tu&lkekU;d nq[k&nnZ vk ihM+kds viu
jpukes mrkjyfuA rs vkrrk;h lkeUrh oxZ fgud vkRe&lEeku] vkRe&e;kZnk vks
vkRe&izfrBkijd Bsl igqpkkd xkel ckgj HkxkSyfuA kksfkr oxZd izcy i{k/kj ,oa
LokfHkekuh gks,ckd dkj.ks pUnk >kds lklqjokl gks,ckd ysy ck/; gkse iM+yfuA
tUeHkwfed ihM+k dh gksbr vfN vk lektd eqgiq#k nokc n dksiHkktud dsgu fLFkfr
cucSr vfN] ls fgud jpukes LiV vfN &
^vkc ufg mfpr fi.Mk#N okl
mifV pyc tcnh ds ikl
gksbr cgqfj;k bZ tl ysy
nw if.Mr Bk<+h ds nsy* pUnz i|koyh & 291
26

fgudk xke NksM+ckd dpksV dh n;ds dpksVSr jgyfu ts tehUnkj vk rfud

veykd lEcU/kes dfri; i| jpyfuA
pUnk >kd tUe ekr`des Hksy Nyfu vk vks vBkjg okZ /kfj ekr`d cM+xkoes jfg
O;kdj.k vks lkfgR;es fo|ktZud ikjaxr HksykgA vksfgBke 5&6 okZ /kfj jgykg vk rdj
ckn ujgu bLVsVd izfl) jktdqekj dfyd.kZ ckcw foosoj ukjk;.k flag vksr, pUnk >k
^dohoj*d mikf/kl foHkwfkr HksykgA ,fgBke vks 10 okZ /kfj jgyfFkA njHkaxkd egkjkt
y{ehoj flagd njckjes 18 okZ /kfj jgykgA
egkjkt y{ehoj flagd njckjes nwxksV lHkkjRu& dohoj pUnk >k vk dfooj gkZ
ukFk >k jgfFkA ts gkZukFk >k egkjktd dqVqEch jgfFk rs fgud foksk ppkZ vks izkalk gksfuA
pUnk >kd nks;e gks,ckd bZgks dkj.k Ny ts vks iNckfj ikjd czk.k jgfFkA jekukFk >k
dohoj kCnd :<+ LiV djSr fy[kus NfFk ts dohoj HkkVds dgy tkbr NSdA bZgks
lR; fFkdA eqnk] pUnk >kds gkL;ses fd,d us dohojd mikf/k HksVy gksv;] ts fgud
dfoRo&kfDr cys HksVy Ny vo; vk rdjk vks viu ys[kuh cys egkkij dh igqpk
nsyfu ts vkb;ks egke pkbij NfFk vk dohoj kCnd xkSjo vks egkkds c<+kSus NfFkA
vks d[kuks vk dsguks ijfLFkfres deZiFkl fopfyr ufg HksykgA vks lnSo daVd&
iFkij c<+Sr jgykgA rs vks jpukRed fpUru vk vuqHkod ifjiDorkes ^fefFkyk Hkkkk
jkek;.k* 1892 bZ0es fy[kyfuA pUnk >k t vkj fdNq ufg fy[krfFk] ek= ^fefFkyk Hkkkk
jkek;.k* fy[kus jfgrfFk] r jkek;.kd ijEijkes eSfFkyhd vk| xzaFk gks;ckd dkj.ks lekn`r
jfgrfFkA Hkko] fopkj vk Hkkkkfn n`fV, fefFkykd xq.k&xkSjo] jhfr&jsokt] /kkj.kk] fookl]
ekU;rk vkfnds yd ts ekSfydrk vfN ls ,fg xzaFkd egkkds izfrikfnr djSr vfNA
oLrqr% lgt] lpsru vk laosfnr n`fV, fefFkykd ijEijkxr NksV&NksV ckrds vlk/kkj.k
eqnzkes ifj.krd nsc fgud dyed fokskrk fFkdA fefFkykd fof/k&O;kSgkj vk lkSUn;Zijd
vuqHkwfrd QyLo:i bZ fgud vej dhfkZ fFkdA Jhen~ckYehfd; jkek;.kl yd vU;kU;
jkek;.kds Nkfud fokskd vk/;kfRed jkek;.kl izHkkfor Hk vk,y vfNA rs ^fefFkyk
Hkkkk jkek;.k* fgudk vejrk iznku djSr vfNA
ckydk.M] v;ks/;kdk.M] vj.;dk.M] fdfdU/kkdk.M] lqUnjdk.M] yadkdk.M vk
mkjdk.Mes foHkDr bZ ^fefFkyk Hkkkk jkek;.k*es ts fefFkykd laLd`fr vfN] ls Hkkjrh;
laLd`fr fFkdA rkfg xq.k&xkSjo&xkFkkd fp=.kd laxfg izd`fr&lkSUn;Z vks nskfgr Hkko vfN]
ls fofkV fFkdA vk/;kfRedrkd lax psrukijd n`fV ,fg egkdkO;ds dkyt;h fl) djSr
vfNA lkekftd&lkaLd`frd vks rRlkef;d nkf;Rocks/kds ikyu djSr vks dfoRo&kfDr cys
tu&tud n;es lgt Hkkos] lgt Hkkkkes ,fg egkdkO;ds vyad`r d;yfuA vksuk bZgks
udkjy ufg tk ldSN ts ,fges rRle kCn ufg vfN] vfN,A laLd`r Hkkkkd kCnes yksd
izkjEHks gksbr vfN] ls dfBul dfBurj vfNA ^ckydk.M* izkjEHks Hksy vfN& ^ljle/kqlq/kkrks
x|i|uohUua* lA
bZgks tkfu ysc vko;d vfN ts pUnk >kd ;qxes laLd`rd cksyckyk NyA laLd`r
Hkkkk cys if.Mrd Js.khd egkk NyA T;ksfrjhoj ok egkdfo fo|kifr ts fyf[k xsykg]
rkfg ekr`Hkkkk eSfFkyhd izHkko rsuk Hkd ufg iM+y Ny vk rs pUnk >k eSfFkyh Hkkkk ufg
dfg] fefFkyk Hkkkk jkek;.k dgyfuA ,gu fodV vks foke ifjfLFkfres vks fdNq laLd`rfuB
kCn vNSrks] fdNq eSfFkyhd xq#re kCnd iz;ksx dfjrks ts vf/kdkakr% dh] lEiw.kZ jkek;.k
vks cks/kxE; Hkkkkes fyf[k tulkekU;ds migkjLo:i nsyfu ls uo laosnuk txrd vuq:i
fofkV fFkdA vks laf{kIrrkes ts fofkVrk vuyfu] ls fgud kCn&lkSUn;Z nsf[krs dh cuSr
vfN ts fefFkykd xq.k&xkSjods FkksM+ kCnes >ydk nSr vfN &
^iziw.kZ lr rM+kx dh] lq/kk leku okfjlkSaA
27

fofp= ifn~euh cuh] fogax okfj pkfjlkSaAA

f}jsQ xqaft xqaftds] egk enkU/k ?kwfedsA
ljksftuhd vax lqIr] okj&okj pwfedsAA*
rrcs ufg]
^lR; rhjgwfr ;K&Hkwfe iq.; nsfugkjA
kkL=ds ctSr csl] dhj cSfl Mkfj&MkfjAA*
vk]
^n;k;qr uj ldy lqUnj] LoPN lHk O;ogkjA
ldy fo/kk mnf/k fefFkyk] fofnr Hkfj lalkjAA*
^fefFkyk Hkkkk jkek;.k*] ckydk.M] i`B & 29
vgY;k m)kjd ckr gksv; ok jke vk lhrk tUed ckr] ckfy guu ok lhrk
ikrky izoskd O;Fkk&dFkk & lHkes ts fgud ekSfydrk] fo}rk vks Hkkkkd izokge;rk vfN]
ls nsf[krs&if<+rs cuSr vfNA dYiuk&kfDrd peRdkj ek= dkSrwgyrs ufg mRiUu djSr
vfN] izR;qr kCn&fkYih gks;ckd xkSjo&cks/kes vklfDr&Hkko mRiUu djSr vfNA rs
^pkfj :i ge viufg g;cA dsdf; lqfe=k iq= dg;cAA
ek;k gejs vkKk ik;A lhrk uke dgkSrhg tk;AA
rfudk lax gjc efg HkkjA ek;k yhyk vfr foLrkjAA*
^fefFkyk Hkkkk jkek;.k*] ckydk.M] i`B & 12
fefFkyk Hkkkk jkek;.kes uoks jl] fofHkUu NUn] loS;k] gfjin] pkSikb] :iekyk]
ujsUnz nksc; gfjin] dq.Mfy;k] :id] miek&mies;] vyadkj vkfnd Hkjiwj iz;ksx vfN, ts
kkL= fofgr jkx&rjafxuh] laxhr vkfnd vuqie mnkgj.k cuy vfNA ekyo NUn gksv; ok
fd nksc; NUn lHkes lkf/kdkj dfod ys[kuh pfy dh iM+y vfN ts cslhl cslh lkekftd
Hkwfeij vkfu yksdfpkes cSlk nsyd vfNA ;Sg n;xzkgh Hkko r vuqHkwfr txrds foLrkj nSr
ekuoh; ewY;cks/kds Hkkoukd lalkjes HkkoksPN~okl cfu mrjSr vfNA thoud v[k.Mrkd
Hkkoes lkSUn;Z&n`fV vk vk/;kfRed psruk voLls n;d ekuoh; Hkko&Hkwfeij lw{e&Hkko
mHkkjSr vfNA ts ekuo lR; fu#fir gksbr vfN] rs ,fg xzaFkd lkFkZdrk vfN vk ,djk
dkyt;h fl) djSr vfNA
bZ lR; fFkd ts tuekules jpy&cly ^fefFkyk Hkkkk jkek;.k*d vn~Hkqr Nki iM+y
vfNA eqnk] vk/kqfudrkd n`fVl ekfV&ikfues tqM+y iwoZ laosnukd lax le;&lkis{k
tehuij pfyd tehu /kfj igqp;ckd dkt fgud fNV&QqV dkO;es lfUufgr vfNA ,fges
dgckd <ax vfN vk thckd dykes thoukuqHkwfrd nkZu vfNA t ijEijkijd dkO; vfN
r vk/kqfudrk lsgks vfNA dkO;&dykd fodkl jpuk&la?kkZ vk vuqHkod lax le;d
kfUrdkjh lkjds vkRelkr~ d,us vfNA fgud dfoRo&kfDr] dkO;&lkSUn;Z vk [kkld
thoukuqHkwfrd ts Loj fNVfdd vk,y vfN] ls fuLlUnsg ekSfyd izfrHkkds fnXnfkZr djSr
dfoRo&lalkjds izxk<+ djSr vfNA lw= dq.Mfyuhd tkx`fr dfod vUr%kfDrd tkx`fr
fFkd ts fofHkUu vkLoknijd jpukes vkfcd dkyfl) cuSr vfNA
vktqd irukhy lektd fLFkfr&nq%fLFkfrds nkZcSr dfo pUnk >k ;qx lR;d
fp=.kd lw{e n`fVijdrkes tu&lektd Nfo |ksfrr d,yfu vfN &
^vL=&kL=d jksd vkc ekfeykd ekfjA
Hkkb&Hkkbds
i<+SN
fuR;
xkfjAA
BDd yksd gd iko lk/kqds mrkfjA
nSo ts yykV ys[k ds ldSN VkfjAA* pUnz i|koyh & 416
bZgks lR; fFkd ts fgud dksey n; Hkkoqd dfo gks;ckd dkj.ks d[kuks vks
28

deZOkknh cuSr NfFk r d[kuks HkkX;oknhA bZ gqud laons ukhy eksud NViVkgfV fFkd ok
dgy tk ldSr vfNA fd,d r d[kuks viu lkeF;Zd cqkk gkFk&i,j pycSr NfFk r
d[kuks HkkX; Hkjksls NksfM+ nSr NfFkA bZ HkfDr&Hkko voLls /keZ vk vk/;kfRed fpUrud
izfrQy dgy tk ldSr vfNA rS;ks ,rsd r dgys tk ldSr vfN ts pUnk >kd ;qxes
lkekftd ifjokZud lqxcqxh gkse; ykxy NyA laLd`r if.Mr lsgks uork fnl eqM+,
ykxy NykgA egkdfo fo|kifr ;qxd ckn psrukd n`fVl lektes uo psrukd laokgd t
dksuks nkslj dfo Hksykg r fufprs vks uke pUnk >k fFkdA vks tupsrukd eq[kj izoDrk
cfu lkekftd yksdd ihM+kds vfHkO;fDr nsyfuA vks /keZd izxfrkhy Hkwfedk fuekfgd
lkekftd ifjokZu fnl bkkjk d;yfdA
vks lkfj okZd voLFkkes bZ yksd fy[kyfu & ^o; izek.k lIr lfIr okZ bZ kjhj*A
^okrkoku* 1883 bZ0es dfod ^d*l ^{k* /kfjd o.kkZ{kjd iz;ksx vfNA ,fges ^od*;k=kd
ek/;es of.kZr xke&?kjd yksdd vkpkj&fopkj] lH;rk&laLd`frd lax yksdksfDrd ek/;es
uo laLdkj n`fVxr gksbr vfNA egkdfo fo|kifrd ^nsfly c;uk*d egkk izfrikfnr
gksbrks vU;kU; dfod jpuk vksgu Hkd ufg vk,y tsgu pUnk >kd jpukes izLQqfVr
Hkd vk,y vfNA rRdkyhu le;es laLd`r Hkkkkd iz/kkurk Ny] vaxzsth Hkkkk Vqd&nqed
iSB cuk jgy Ny r ,guks le;es pUnk >kd jpuk tu&tud n;es iSfl xsyA ,gu
dgy tk ldSr vfN ts vksfg le;es eSfFkyhes fy[kc ghurkd |ksrd NyA ,guks foke
ifjfLFkfres dfooj yksdHkkkkd dgch yd yksd#fpd Loknes yksdds xzk cu,ckd ysy
uo laLdkjes laLdfjr d,yA
yksdpsrukijd yksd&laLd`frd /otk QgjkcSr pUnk >k Lekfjdk] fo|kifr Lekjd
eap 2004&06] i`B&40es mfYyf[kr vfN & ^^okrkokues o.kkZ{kj ^d*l ^g* /kfjes xke&?kjd
uke vfN] unh] ekN] ok f;k&O;kikjd fokskrkd lax dkdqfDr ts foysfkr Hksy vfN]
rkfges lw{e n`fV, voyksdu djh r lkekftd cks/kd tkudkjh nSr [kkl vFkZes yksdkCnd
vFkZ cnfyd uo vFkZ x`ghr gksbr vfNA ;Sg r dfod oSfkV~; fFkd ts lUnHkZ cnyykl
kCnd vkk; cnySr vfNA ,fges ek= ^{k* O;atuij vk/kkfjr jpuk vVinh vfN] ^B*
prqinh vk ksk lHk O;atu ^d*l ^V* /kfj lkuqukfld O;atuds NksfM+d kVinh vfNA ^B*ij
vk/kkfjr jpuk vfN &
^BkBjes BfM+;k ij oklA Lokxr BhBj keZ izdklAA
Bgjh ty fifc Bdqjk [kk;A BBsfj BBsfjdk ufg cnyk;AA*
dohoj mfDrdykij tksj nsckd laxfg ind vUres ts yksdksfDr Vkfd nsy vfN]
ls kCn&lkSUn;Zes fu[kjrk vuckd laxfg lgtrk vks ljyrkes dgy xsy iafDrd vFkZes
foksk Hkko Hkfjd uorkes xw<+rk izdV djSr vfNA
fgud k`axkj xhres lkSUn;Zcks/k pje lhekij vcSr vfNA ,fges fojg vk feyu nquw
Hkko vfNA [kkld ukjhd euksnkkd fp=.kes dfod dkO;kRed pkb voLls lkSUn;Z] izse
vk vuqHkwfrd lw{ekfrlw{e Hkkoes izdV Hk ekuo eksud LokHkkfod izo`fk fnl /;ku vkd`V
djcSr vfNA ;Fkk &
^ykh tdk yifV tkm dUr xkN MkfjA
ijLijkfHkykk iwj gksm /kU; ukfjAA* pUnz i|koyh & 315
vks pkdjh djSr vkfFkZd foiUurkes jgykg vk dfri; jpukes vkfFkZd lEiUurkd
ckr mBkvksyA [kkld fko&fok;d HkfDrijd jpukes vfN,A fgud HkfDr&Hkko fok;d
jpukes kj.kkiUud fLFkfr vfN,] ts vkfFkZd vks lkekftd la?kkZd izfrQy fFkdA
HkfDr&Hkkod izcy cks/kes fgud n;d vuqjkx Hkko Lor% vUreZul izLQqfVr Hk uSfrd
ksk i`B&72ij
29

;qx lkis{k n`fV j[kfugkj ys[kd pUnk >k

& izks0 foHkwfr vkuUn
MkW0 t;dkUr feJ viu bfrgkld iqLrdes 1880l 1907 bZ0 /kfjd le;ds pUnk
>kd ;qx ekuyfu vfNA eqnk ,r bZ izu mBS vfN ts fgud lkfgR;es dksu ,gu ro
Ny ts fgudk viu iwoZorhZl Qjkd djS vfN\ fd,d r fgudkl iwoZ eSfFkyh lkfgR;
e/; izeq[kr% egkdfo fo|kifrd lkezkT; Nyfu vk ts viu izHkkoes ek% pUnk >kd
ledkyhu gkZukFk >k /kfj vfLroes ns[kk iM+S NfFkA
oLrqr% fo|kifr vks pUnk >kd e/;d lkfgR;d voyksdu d,ykl ,d ckr LiV
gksb vfN ts pUnk >kl iwoZ lkfgR; vks lektd chp ,d iS?k vUrj vFkkZr~ nwjh vkfc xsy
NyA MkW0 foey pUnz jkek;.k % ijEijk xzaFkksa dh i`BHkwfe esad kCnes dgh r dfg ldS
Nh ts lkfgR;dkj] fokskr% dfo] jk/kk&d`.kd jlek/kqjhd iku djc vk djk,c viu
dfo&deZd m|s; cq>Sr jgfFkA lkekftd leL;kl dfo mnkl jfg ek= ,gu dykd
l`fVes ykxy jgfFk tdj mi;ksx lkekftd thoues kwU; tdk NyA dykd ,gh
lakfUrdkyes pUnk >k viu jkek;.kd jpuk d,yfu ,oa vU;kU; dkO;d l`tu d,yfuA
vks ;qxds ns[kyfu] ;qxd leL;kds xeyfuA vk rkgh tuleL;k lHkds viu dkO;&xzaFkd
vk/kkj cukSyfu vk viu dkO;d ek/;el tu&thoud O;k[;k izkjEHk d,yfuA
vksuk r pUnk >kd ego jkek;.k yd vkdy t,ckd ,d :<+ ijEijk jgy
vfN] eqnk bZ /kkj.kk drgq&us&drgq pUnk >kd lkfgfR;d vonkuds ladqfpr djS vfNA bZ
jkek;.kd vfrfjDr QqVdj dkO;&ys[ku lsgks d,yfuA ,fges lkekftd thoud ;FkkFkZ
>ydS vfNA ,dj vfrfjDr vku&vku {ks=es lsgks bZ uohurk yd izLrqr Hksykg vfNA
oSKkfud vk/kkjij v/;;u&vuqkhyu] izkphu lkfgR; lHkd kks/k&ladyu vkfnd egod
b,g tsuk fkykU;kl d,yfuA ,fg ees fo|kifr vks xksfoUnnkld xhrkoyhd laxzg]
lkgscjkenkld inkoyhd ladyu vk lEiknu d,yfuA fo|kifrd ^iq#k ijh{kk*d vuqokn
dd] iqjkro&vUosk.k dd vks rdjk bfrgkld n`fV, egoiw.kZ r cu,cs d,yfu]
eSfFkyh i|&ijEijkds vkjEHkksd n`fV, egoiw.kZ cuk nsyfuA nkslj kCnes bZ dgy tk ldS
vfN ts eSfFkyh lkfgR;es Hkko&fkYi fck;d uohurkd vkjEHk pUnk >kl HksyA rdj
mnkgj.kLo:i] tsuk fd mYys[k d,ygq] fo|kifrl jk/kk&d`.k fok;d xhrd ts /kkjk
vck/k xfr, cfg jgy Ny] rdjk bZ jksdyfu ^fefFkyk Hkkkk jkek;.k*d jpuk ddA
eqnk dus FkEgy tk,A bZ jk/kk&d`.kd vFkkZr~ d`.k&dkO;d /kkjkds jke&dkO;
yd jksdyfu t:j] eqnk vksfg ,dek= dkO; vFkkZr~ jkek;.kd izlaxs gej fdNq mygu
vfN fgudk ysyA fd,d r fgud jkek;.kes] tsuk fd v/;;u&vuqkhyul LiV gksb
vfN] loZ= jkesd JsBrk vfN] lhrkds /kks[kksl jkel JsB ufg ns[kkvksy xsy NfuA
jkek;.kd lHkVk ?kVuk jked pkfjf=d oSfkV~;ds mn~?kkfVr djck ysy ?kfVr gksb vfNA
jke lk{kkr~ bZoj NfFkA fguds fuxqZ.k vk lxq.k :i] ok fojkV vks lw{e :i] uke vks yhyk
vkfnd ppkZ ,fg ^fefFkyk Hkkkk jkek;.k*d iz/kku o.;Z&fok; jgy vfNA lEiw.kZ xzaFkes jked
izfr leiZ.k vk lsok&Hkko vfHkO;Dr vfNA jk{kl lHkd] foksk :is jko.kd vl minzol
O;kdqy i`Foh vk nsork yksdfud j{kk ysy Hkxoku euq;&:i /kkj.kd t[ku dkSkY;kd
dksf[kes vorkj ysyfu] r dkSkY;k /kU;&/kU; Hk fgudj Lrqfr dj yxyhg &
^dkSkY;k ns[ky ldy] vn~Hkqr ckyd HksyA
dgyfu ls dj tksfM+ds] dubr gkZd ysyAA
ckj&ckj ge dfj; iz.kkeA ge vcyk
vKkud
/kkeAA
30

opu cqf) eu igqp u tr,A Lrqfr ge fd djc] Qqj, u rr,AA

dkSkY;k vk nkjFkds ckY;&lq[k iznku djck ysy vks dkSkY;sd vuqjks/kij
usukd :i /k ekuo yhyk djc vkjEHk d nS NfFkA dkSkY;kij iqu% ek;kd vkoj.k ifM+
tkb NfuA jkeds vks yksdfu usuk cq> yxS NfFkA usukd uke jke jk[ky xsy] fd,d r &
fLer gksb eqfu eu tsfg BkeA rfudj uke /k,y eqfu jkeAA
le;&le;ij jked bZojod jgL;ksn~?kkVu ,fg xzaFkes csj&csj gksb vfNA y{e.k]
Hkjr] ofkB] fookfe=] ijkqjke] okYehfd] Hkkj}kt] lqrh{.k] tud] vuqlqb;k] vfgY;k]
guqeku] lqxzho] ckfy] vaxn] ekjhp] jko.k] dqEHkd.kZ] foHkhk.k] eUnksnjh] lqykspuk] kqkpk;Z
vkfn lHk D;ks jked bZojh; :il voxr gksb NfFkA
vFkkZr~ pUnk >k jkek;.kes eq[; vk vkuqkafxd] izR;sd dFkkes izdV ok vO;Dr :is
jkeds ijcz ijekRekd Lo:ies ekuus NfFk ,oa lhrkds gqud vfpUR; ek;k&kfDr ekfu
gquds foyklds ,fg food leLr :ies ns[kkSus NfFkA
eqnk ,gh ijEijkd nkslj izeq[k dfo ykynkl gejk fgudkl cslh ekSfyd vk
ekrkd izfr izfrc) ns[kk iM+Sr NfFkA ,dj ifgy izek.k r b,g ts vks viu xzaFkd
ukedj.ks d;yfu ^jesojpfjr fefFkyk jkek;.k*A ,rcs ufg] xzaFkd vkjEHksses vks fy[kS NfFk
&
lhrk pfjr yfyr vuqekfuA jkedFkk Hky dgc c[kkfuAA
vks viu dkO;&jpukes kfDrLo:ik lhrkds iz/kkurk nSr gqud efgekd xku djSr
dgS NfFk &
ewy izd`fr y{eh tkfu] lhrk :i iz/kkuA
rfud uke tfi ikc uj] nqgq yksdd dY;k.kAA
lhrkd kfDr&Lo:id O;k[;k djSr egkdfo ykynkl ,fg fudkZij vcS NfFk &
ldy txr kfDrd vk/kkjA fcuq lhrk ufg vfN fuLrkjAA
lhrk ijek izd`fr vuwiA ldy pjkpj rfuds :iAA
,fg jkek;.kes bZ mn~?kkfVr Hksy vfN ts jke ek= vius efgekl e;kZnkiq#kkske ufg
HksykgA gqud efgekds ,rsd yk?kuh; cukSyd gqud viu kfDr la;ksxA gqud yksdkskj
peRdkjd dkj.k Hksy gqud jesojRoA gqud y{ehd Lokfeo vFkkZr~ lhrkd ifr gks;cA
lhrkd ifr Hkb,d jke ,gu vorkjh iq#k Hk ldykgA
mDr jkek;.kes ykynkld fookl rrsd us n`<+ Nfu ts vks leLr lalkjds
kfDre; cq>S NfFk] vk l`fVe.Myes kfDr,d iz/kkurk rFkk O;kidrk ns[kckes vcS NfuA
Hkfjld ,gh dkj.ks jkek;.kd vkjEHkfges ifgus vks oSnsghd oUnuk djS NfFk] rdj ckns jked
LrqfrA jked Lrqfr vks djcks d,yfu vfN r gqudk ^fonsg nqfgrk izhfr in%* dfgd
ladsfrr d,us NfFkA rkRi;Z bZ ts jke ts fdNq djS NfFk ok jked m|ed ts y{; Nfu ls
lHkVk lhrkds izlUu j[kckd ysyA rfguk t[ku jke ikih jko.kd c/kd lhrk yx vcS
NfFk rFkk eqfu lHk lsgks jked ijked izkalk dj yxS NfFk] r[ku lhrk gqudk lHkl ts
fdNq dgS NfFk rkfgl bZ rF; vkjks LiV Hk mBS vfN ts jked ldy yhyk lhrsd
kfDrij Bk<+ jgS NfuA ,gh rjgs lglzko.kksd ekjckd izlaxes ls fok; >ydS vfNA ------ tkg! ge dr vkfc xsygq! ge r pUnk >kd le;&lkis{k ys[kuij xi dj
pkgSr jgh] eqnk tkudh&izsees Hkkfl xsygq vk pUnk >kd jke&HkfDrij cfrvk, yxygqA
oLrqr% pUnk >k jgfFk lUr dfoA rqylhnkld jkek;.kd izflf)ds nsf[k&xfe viu Hkkkkes
rdj HkkokUrj.k d,yfuA eqnk HkfDrd izokges rqylh vks rqylhd`r jkek;.kd vUr%izokgds
cq>es pqfd xsykgA dkj.k LiV vfNA rqylh vo/kdA jke r lgtfgaA rs Hkkkk vksdj
vo/khA ls dg bZ pkgS Nh ts rqylhes {ks=h;rk vks {ks=h; Hkkkk&izse rrsd izcy Nyfu ts
lhrkds xkS.kd vo/k&ujskd JsBrk ns[kkSyfuA pUnk >k rqylh,d ckV /k,yfu] vksgh Hkko
&cks/kds viu cks/kd vk/kkj ekfu ysyfuA eqnk ykynkl ls ufg d,yfuA viu cks/kd ldy
31

vk lQy iz;ksx d,yfuA gqudkl dksuks izdkjd pwd ufg HksyfuA

ls] ,fg izlax xi djSr&djSr Lor% Hkkkk&izlax lks>k py vk,yA r rkgw Bke
rqyukRed n`fV, ykynkl fgudkl ,d /kki vkxw vkfc xsy NfFkA dkj.k nquw egkdfo
viu xzaFkd jpuk yksd&xzk] ljy eSfFkyhes d,yfu] eqnk i<+Sr&xquSr dky bZ LiV Hk
tkbN ts ykynkld jkek;.kd Hkkkk&kSyh cslh ljy vks lqcks/k vfN] t[ku fd pUnk
>kd jkek;.kd Hkkkk&kSyh cslh o vk if.MrkmA ,fg izlaxds ge xksfoUn >kd fopkjl
lsgks iqV dj pkgcA gqudj dgc Nfu ts dohoj pUnk >k ije uSfBd if.Mr NykgA
gqud uSfBdrk gqud jkek;.kds okYehfd jkek;.k tdk eSfFkyhd vkfndkO; ufg gksv,
nsydA rs ,fges je.kh;rkl vf/kd fnO;rk vfNA rfguk gqud ikf.MR; gqud Hkkkkds
nsook.khes yksdok.khd laxe cuk nsydA fokq) yksdok.kh ufg gks,cds t nksk dgh r ,dj
lek/kku dohoj }kjk m}`r ,d yksdksfDres HksVy & ^eqfB,d /kwfj u pku eyku*A
g] rqylhd`r jkek;.kd izHkko vks m|s;d izlax ts ge ,[kufg xid jgy Nygq]
rdj iqfV ysy gqud ledkyhu ca/kq fp=/kj feJd eUrO;d mYys[k dd dj pkgc ts
vks fefFkykHkkkk jkek;.kd nkslj laLdj.kd Hkwfedkes fy[kyfu & ^,fg ?kksj dfydkyes]
t[ku fd laLd`r Hkkkkd iBu&ikBu iwoZl cgqr de Hk xsy NSd] nskh Hkkkkes ,gu
iqLrdd cM+s vko;drk vfN tkfgl ldy lk/kkj.k viu e;kZnk ,oa /keZ&deZd Kku izkIr
d ld,A HkkjrokZd ifpekskj iznsk] e/; iznsk rFkk fcgkj izkUrd ifpe Hkkxes xksLokeh
rqylhnkld jkek;.kl ,fg vko;drkd iwfkZ Hk jgy vfN] fdUrq gej ifo= fefFkyk
Hkwfees ,fg rjgd dksuks xzaFk ufg NyA ,fg vHkkods nsf[k LoxZoklh dfooj pUnk >k
fefFkyk Hkkkk jkek;.kd jpuk d;yfUgA*
eqnk pUnk >kd jkek;.kd fefFkyk&{ks=es drck izpyu vks izHkko ifM+ ldy] rqylh
jkek;.k tdk vketud ftg~okij drck bZ jkek;.k pf<+ ldy] rdj mYys[k djc ge
mfpr ufg cqf> jgy NhA eqnk ls ,uk fd,d Hksy] rkfg izlax Qsj dfg;ksA
gejk r ,fg jkek;.kd ukeij lsgks xi djckd eksu gksb vfN ts fefFkyk Hkkkk
jkek;.k fd,d\ eSfFkyhHkkkk jkek;.k fd,d ufg\ t[ku fd ,fg eSfFkyh kCnd iz;ksx 1801
bZ0,es ,d vaxzst fo}ku dksyczqd egksn; d pqdy jgfFkA eqnk rkgw izlax xi Qsj dfg;ksA
,[ku ge viu vfHkizsr fok;ij vcS NhA ge dg pkgus jgh ts pUnk >k
ifgy ,gu dfo Hksykg ts eSfFkyh dforkds ;qxd leL;kl tksM+yfuA fgudk mfprs ,fg
izlax ifgy O;k[;kdkjd :ies ns[ky tkb vfNA vk ls bZ rF; fgudj LQqVin lHkes
lgtfg ns[kkj vfNA ,fg xids vkxw c<+cSr ge dg bZ pkgS Nh ts pUnk >kl iwoZ dfork
vFkkZr~ xhrd iqjks/kk :ies fo|kifr,&fo|kifr ns[kk&lquk ifM+ jgy jgfFkA ,fg ijEijkd
dfork lHkij /;ku nsykl LiV vfN ts dkykUrjes nq:g] lafyV vk dYiuk&iz/kku gksbr
pyy xsy vfNA pUnk >k ,fg LFkk;h lu Hk xsy izokgds jksdS NfFk] vksdjk uc fnkkes
eksM+S NfFkA vksuk fgudkl iwoZ eucks/k viu d`.ktUed ek/;es ,fg izokgds jksdckd iz;kl
lsgks d;yfu eqnk vksfges vks Rojk ufg jgS ts pUnk >kd jpukes NyfuA ,fges dusdks
lUnsg ufg ts bZ lsgks viu jkek;.kes jkx&rky&y;l ;qDr ind jpuk d,us NfFk] eqnk ls
fokq) ikjEifjd fookld fok;ds ydA uc fok;ij bZ ;FksV jpuk d,us NfFkA vk ls]
tsuk iwoZes dgygq] cslh le;&lkis{k vfNA vk izk;% rs] bZ uohu /kkjkd vxqvk :ies Lej.k
d,y tkbr jgS NfFkA viu ,gh QqVdj jpukd }kjk bZ lkekftd thouds izHkkfor
djoyk ?kVuk vks fp=d vadu d,us NfFkA ,fg ees d[kuks nsk&nkkd fp=.k djS NfFk
r d[kuks vkRekfHkO;fDrd :ies ;qxd uSfrd irud mYys[k djS NfFkA fdNq iafDr nzVO;
vfN &
fuj/kuiu cM+ nksk fko
fcuq vijk/k /kfud dj xatu]
32

nqLlg
gqudj
jksk ---$
$
$
Hkkjr nkk ,gu fcrSr vfN] Lkk/kq dgkcfFk Pkksj
mke v/ke] v/ke xfr mke] ,gu dky vfN ?kksj
,fg dfork lHkes euksxr Hkko yf{kr gksb vfNA b,g vkRekuqHkwfrd ro vkxk vkfc
uc&uc dforkes izeq[k Hkko&rod :ies x`ghr HksyA
vk/kqfud dforkd ,d eq[; Loj vfN vksdj O;aX;kRed izo`fkA vk/kqfud thou
rrsd dVdj] migklkRed vks fonzwie; vfN ts vk/kqfud jpukds O;aX;kRed gks,ckd
fu;fr iznku d nsyd vfNA thou vk txrd izfr ,fg vo/kkj.kk vks ekufldrkds
cht :ies pUnk >kd dforkes lgtfg vdkuy tk ldSNA ,dVk vkj mnkgj.k &
nw/k vks ngh ufg] Lod.Bds lq[kkm
vUu bZ egk?kZ r] tusj dhfu [kkm
uhp deZes jgS Nh] /kEeZds cpkm
dh vgk NykSa HksykSa] ls lksfpds ytkm
rkRi;Z bZ ts vk/kqfud dkO;&psruk vFkok ;qxcks/kl lEi`Dr ekufldrkd izkjEHk
fguds dforkl gksb vfNA rs cknes vkfcd ts iz;ksx vks izxfroknd nkZu lkfgR;d eq[;
foosP; fok; cuy] rdjks chtkjksi.k b,g d;yfuA mik;ghu yksdds lq[kk, xsy HkksV fyf[k
foiUu turkd ts fp= f[kpyfu vfN] ls rRdkyhu okrkoj.kes drsd izxfrkhy lkspd
ifj.kke Ny gks;r] ls lgt vuqekU; vfNA vLrqA
ge ,fg vkys[kd vkjEHk jkek;.kd ppZ djSr ts Hkkkkd iz;ksxd izlax xi d,us
Nygq] rkfg izlax gej ekU;rkes ifjokZu ufg vfN] gej bZ ekU;rk pUnk >k vks ykynkld
Hkkkk&iz;ksxd lUnHkZes vifjokZuh; vfN] eqnk ----- eqnk ,lxj pUnk >k r vn~Hkqr NfFkA rs rkgh fookld lax dgc ts fgud
ys[kud lQyrkd eq[; dkj.k vfN Hkkkkd ljyrk] LoPNrk vks ltxrk rFkk vfHkO;fDrd
ekfeZd O;aX;kSyhij fLFkj jgcA rs jekukFk >kd fopkjds iSap ySr ,r dg pkgc ts
eSfFkyhes jpuk laLd`rcgqy gksbr&gksbr pjeij igqfp xsy Ny] vksr, vks lkfgR;ds ts
yksd&lkfgR;l nwj gksbr&gksbr oxhZ; Hk xsy Ny] rdjk bZ rksM+y vk yksdjpuk d,
eSfFkyhds iqu% yksd&lkfgR; cukvksyA
yksd&lkfgR;d izlax vfcrs pUnk >k }kjk viu jpuk lHkes ts /kqj>kj yksdksfDr
&iz;ksx d,y xsy vfN] rdj Lej.k vkfc xsyA fgud jpukes yksdksfDr&iz;ksx fgud
yksdfiz;rkd ewy dkjd vfNA dkj.k] yksdksfDrd dkts gksb NS dksugq xw<+&l&xw<+ ckrds
QfM+Nk nsc] euksje d nscA bZ rkfg vL=d iz;ksx d,yfu vk izdkjkUrjl cq>k lsgks nsyfu
ts ,dj iz;ksxl Hkkkkd futrk ckpy jgr] lnSo iznwk.keqDr jgrA ,fg izlax fdNq
mnkgj.k & ew[kZd ykBh ek> dikj] yadk NksV gkFk mupkl] ,saBu tjy u tfj xsy tkSM+]
pksjd eqg tuq ped, pku] Qsfj xcS Nh xvksys xhr] ?kSy dkpds eqxjd vkl] lR; dg,
ls ekjy tk,] dM+fjd r#ij flrqvk pks[k] cqf) o`f) gks yxus Bsl] f>Vqdhl QqfV tkbN
?kSy] HkkX;oku dk Hkwr dek,] Hky ?kjes nsyg vfN cSu vkfnA
ge iqfu vksrfg vcS Nh] trl vkjEHk Hksy jghA vFkkZr~ pUnk >k ifgy csj viu
jpuk }kjk ;qxds ns[kyfu] ;qxd leL;kds eq[kj d,yfu vk O;aX;&dVk{k /kfj djckl ufg
pqdykgA eqnk fgud ,fg loZFkk uohu n`fVds ewyr;k jkek;.kd vk/kkj yd fopkjc]
ts ,[ku /kfj gksbr jgy vfN] gejk fdUugq ufg vj?kS vfNA fgud fopkj vks fpUrud
ifjf/k r LQqVin vFkkZr~ eqDrd dforkd ek/;es foLrkj ikSyd vfNA jkek;.k r ,d
ksk i`B&98ij
33

fefFkyk Hkkkk jkek;.kd iz.ksrk dohoj pUnk >k

& MkW0 fou; foocU/kq
fl)iq#k dohoj pUnk >kd iwjk uke pUnzukFk >k NyfuA bZ fi.Mk#p njHkaxk
xked eM+j; jtkSjk ewyd] dk;i xks=h; iafMr Hkksyk >kd ckyd NykgA fgud ekr`d
cM+xke lgjlk rFkk ekrkegd uke iafMr fxfjoj ukjk;.k >k jgfuA fgud tUe viu
ekr`dses 20 tuojh 1831 bZ0ds HksyfuA cknes bZ fi.Mk#p NksfM+ viu lklqj Bk<+h e/kqcuhes
fuokl dj, yxykgA bZ egkjkt y{ehoj flag vk egkjkt jesoj flagd njckjd
vknj.kh; if.Mr NykgA fgud fu/ku 14 fnlEcj 1907 bZ0ds okjk.klhes HksyfuA
dohoj pUnk >kds vk/kqfud ;qxd izokZd ekuy tkbr NfuA bZ cgqeq[kh izfrHkkd
foy{k.k O;fDrRod yksd NykgA eSfFkyh Hkk[kkes jkek;.kd jpuk d, dohoj lkfgR;
txres kfUr vkfu nsyfuA y0uk0 fefFkyk foofo|ky;d eSfFkyh izk/;kid MkW0 vejukFk
>kd kCnes & ^pUnk >k ifgy dfo Hksykg ts eSfFkyh lkfgR;d xR;kojks/kds phUgy rFkk
vksfges uohu xfr iznku d, vksdjk nsk vks lektd vuqdwy cukvksy ,oa uo [kk<+hd dfo
yksdfud gsrq ,dVk uo iFk izkLr d,yA*
dohoj pUnk >kd O;fDrRo cgqvk;keh NyA bZ dohojd ukes csl fo[;kr
HksykgA bZ eSfFkyhd egkdfo r jgcs djfFk] laxfg laLd`r dsj izdk.M fo}ku lsgks jgfFkA
jkek;.kes rFkk vkuks Bke fgud drsdks laLd`r yksd miyC/k vfNA vksfg yksd lHkd
vk/kkjij lgts bZ vuqeku yxkvksy tk ldSN ts t ekr`Hkk[kkd izfr fgud izxk<+ vuqjfDr
ufg jgSr r laLd`rkses bZ mRd`V dksfVd xzaFk fyf[k vejrk izkIr d, ldSr NykgA
bZ cgqr iS?k vuqlU/kkudkkZ NykgA egkdfo fo|kifrd fok;es rFkk viu iwoZokhZ
drsdks eSfFky dfo vks iafMrd fok;es bZ tkfg&tkfg rF;d vUosk.k d;yfu ls fgud
fofkV vuqlU/kku&{kerkd ToyUr izek.k fFkdA ^;Sg loZizFke O;fDr Nykg ts fo|kifrds
eSfFky izekf.kr djckd fnkkes vkd`V HksykgA* bZ laxhrkkL=d xEHkhj Kkrk NykgA viu
jkek;.kes vks fefFkykd laxhrd vuqlkj vusdkusd jkxd mYys[k d;us NfFkA bZ lQy
vuqoknd lsgks NykgA fo|kifrd laLd`r&xzaFk ^iq#k&ijh{kk*d x|&i|e; vuqokn fgud
foy{k.k vuqokn&lkeF;Zd ifjpk;d fFkdA rfguk lEiknu&dk;Zes lsgks bZ fu.kkr NykgA
bZ lk/kdks mPp dksfVd NykgA lkalkfjd lq[k&nq%[k nquwd vuqHko ls ijkdkBk /kfj fgudk
Hksyfu eqnk rkfgl vfopfyr jfg lHkds bZ lkekU; jhfr, xzg.k djSr jgykgA
bZojd izfr fgudk vxk/k fuBk NyfuA egkjkt y{ehoj flagthd vk egkjkt
jesoj flagd jktnjckjl lEi`Dr jgyks lUrk bZ Hkksxoknes ufg jgykg vk lrr~ bZojd
vkjk/kuk vks miklukes jey jgSr NykgA HkfDrfok;d fgud n`fVdks.k cgqr O;kid NyA
bZ LiVoknh vk fuHkhZd LoHkkod O;fDr Nykg vk laxfg fouksnh LoHkkod xq.k fgudkes
NyA
eSfFkyhes fgud vusd izdkjd jpuk lHk vfN & ekSfyd] vuqfnr] lEikfnr dkO;]
ukVd] x| vkfnA dkO; lHkes izcU/kdkO;] eqDrdkO;] jhfrdkO; vk egkdkO; :is fefFkyk
Hkkkk jkek;.k vfNA fgud thoudkyes ikpVk ekSfyd] ,dVk vuqfnr vk ,dVk lEikfnr &
dqy lkr xksV xzaFk izdkfkr Hksy NyA e`R;qijkUr v|kof/k fgud LQqV dforkd rhu xksV
lEikfnr ladyu izdkfkr Hksy vfNA fgud ekSfyd d`fr fFkd & okrkoku izdkku okZ &
1883 bZ0] y{ehoj&foykl izdkku okZ & 1888 bZ0] fefFkyk Hkkkk jkek;.k izdkku okZ
& 1892 bZ0] xhr lIrkrh izdkku okZ & 1902 bZ0 vk xhr&lq/kk nw Hkkxes izdkfkr]
izdkku okZ & 1949 bZ0( vuqfnr d`fr fFkd & fo|kifrd iq#k&ijh{kk izdkku okZ &
34

1888 bZ0( lEikfnr d`fr & lkgsc jkenkl xhrkoyh izdkku okZ & 1901 bZ0( e`R;qijkUr
izdkfkr ladyu vfN & egskckuh laxzg izdkku okZ & 1920 bZ0] pUnz i|koyh izdkku
okZ & 1931 bZ0] pUnz jpukoyh izdkku okZ & 1981 bZ0] fkolq/kk] ewyxzke] tkudh
ifjp;] kkEc iqjk.k] vfgY;k pfj= UkkVd vkfn iksFkh vfNA
fefFkyk Hkkkk jkek;.k dohoj pUnk >kd lokZf/kd egRoiw.kZ xzaFk fFkdA b,g xzaFk
fgudk dkykrhr cuk nsyd vk fgud dhfkZ/otds lrr~ QgjcSr jgrA bZ iqjk.k ufg]
ikSjkf.kd egkdkO; fFkdA bZ eq[;r% v/;kRe jkek;.kij vk/kkfjr vfNA ,fges drgq&drgq
okYehfd jkek;.k] vkuUn jkek;.k] jkepfjr ekul] izlUu jk?ko ukVd rFkk guqekUukVdij
vk/kkfjr dFkk lsgks vfNA jkek;.k lkr dkaMes foHkDr vfNA lc dkaMes vusd v/;k; NSd
ts izk;% /kkfeZd Hkkoukl ikB djckd n`fVdks.ks nsy xsy NSdA vkjEHkes laLd`r yksdes
oUnuk vfNA lEiw.kZ xzaFkes pkSikbZ] nksgk vk NUnd iz/kkurk vfNA ,djlrkds Hkax djSr
dkO;kRed peRdkj mRiUu d, nSr vfNA ,dj Hkkkk cM+ lgt] o.kZukSyh eksgd rFkk
dFkkd izokg rhoz vfNA chp&chpes fefFkykd yksdksfDrd lVhd iz;ksx lsgks d,y xsy
vfNA
,fg xzaFkd lQyrkd ikNk dksu&dksu rF; vfN] rkfg izlax MkW0 t;dkUr feJ
dgSr NfFk & Wonderful mastery over the language, interspersed with appropriate proverbs, idioms and figures of speech, traditional Mithila melodies, enchanting rhythm and march of the lines and meters, living characterization, love
and details, spiritual conviction of the ultimate victory of good over evil all
these contributed to its success.

MkW0 vejukFk >kd kCnes & ^^jkek;.kd jpuk d, vksdjk izdkkes vkfu dohoj
ls izfrBk izkIr d;yfu ts fo|kifrd ipkr~ eSfFkyhd vku dksuks dfods ufg HksVyfuA
dohojd jkek;.kes dYiuk&ro rrsd izcy ufg vfN] trsd cqf)&ro vks fopkj&roA
dfoRod n`fVl lnSo oSg vak fofPNfkiw.kZ izrhr gksbN ts dohojd ekSfyd d`fr fFkd]
tkfges dh r fefFkykd efgek of.kZr vfN vFkok gkL; vks O;aX;d lekosk vfNA**
fefFkyk&efgekd ,d lqizfl) in nzVO; vfN &
dh fnO;Hkwfe fefFkyk ge vkfc xsykSa
ns[kSr ek= eu y{e.k r`Ir HksykSa
dh fnO; Qwy&Qy o`{k vuUr /kku
i{kh foy{k.k djS vfN jE; xku
rfguk ,dVk vkvksj in lqizfl) vfN ts jko.k }kjk gj.k d, ysykij tkudhd
foyki vfN &
^^gk j?kqukFk vukFk tdk nkdaB iqjh ge vkbfy Nh
flagd okl egkoues fgj.khd leku Msjkbfy Nh
nsoj&nksk dgw glw dh\ vius vijk/kl dkbfy Nh
pUnz&pdksfj vghad lnk ge kksd&leqnz lekbfy Nh**
jkek;.kes drsdks NUnd iz;ksx d,y xsy vfN ts dfo dsj NUnd O;kid Kkud
ifjpk;d vfNA ,rcs ufg] vusd NUnes jkxd mYys[k lsgks d,y xsy vfN] tkfgl fgud
laxhrkkL=d uhd Kkrk gks;ckd ladsr HksVSr vfNA foksk jkxes ^fefFkyk laxhrkuqlkjs.k*
fy[ky xsy vfN ts ,fg rF;d |ksrd vfN ts vksfg le;es fefFkykes viu fofkV
laxhr&ijEijk NySd tdjk izfr dfod n;es vknj&Hkko NyA
bZ fefFkykd bfrgkl fy[kckd ysy drsd mRlqd Nykg ls fgud fuEufyf[kr
inl ts okLroes i= fFkd] Kkr gksbr vfNA t;iqjl izdkfkr eSfFkyhd izFke ekfld
35

if=dk ^eSfFkyh fgrlk/ku* izdkku okZ & 1905 bZ0d lapkydds bZ fy[kSr NfFk &
fy[ky tk; fefFkyk bfrgklA ufg gks rkfges fkfFky iz;klAA
fok; foksk gegq fyf[k nscA liugq ,d Vdk ufg yscAA
xq.k jRukdj fFkd t;iqjA vkxzg xzg ufg ,dks wjAA
if.Mr lE;d fu;r fuoklA cgqr iM+r ufg vudj vklAA
vfUre lkl /kfj eSfFkyhd fgr fpUrues bZ fujr jgykgA eSfFkyhd ysy vkfndkyes
ts dkt dfodksfdy fo|kifr d;yfu] lSg dkt vk/kqfuddkyes pUnk >k d;yfuA ^^rs
egkdfo fo|kifr ts eSfFkyh lkfgR;es lw;Z ln`k NfFk r pUnk >k dohoj :is
lkfgR;kdkkes ;FkkFkZ pUnzek ln`k vkuUn vks khryrkd izfrewfkZ NfFkA
dohoj pUnk >kd O;fDrRo vk d`frRo nquw egku vfNA fgud ekr`Hkk[kk izse]
bZoj dsj izfr vxk/k fuBk] HkfDr Hkkouk] tudY;k.k dsj vkdka{kk] Jhjked vknkZ vk
d#.kke;h ek tkudh thd mnkk pfj=d o.kZu] vk/;kfRed mUu;u vkfn drsdks
lqUuj&lqUuj Hkkoukl vksr&izksr fgeky; tdk vfMx vk kkUr Lo:id NVk vkfn
vo.kZuh; vfNA fgud ,fg JsB xzaFk fefFkyk Hkkkk jkek;.kds ge dksfVk% oUnu djSr Nh
vk dfoJsBds lsgks ueu djSr NhA
i`B&21d kskkak
dfok] loS;k vks cjokes k`axkj] d#.k vks kkUr jl( NIi; vk f=Hkaxhes ohj] jkSnz vkvksj
Hk;kud jl ,oa nksgk] pkSikb] lksjBk vks ?kuk{kjhes vU;kU; lc jld vfHkfuosk jgy vfNA
mnkgj.kLo:i ckydk.Md iqiokfVdk izdj.kes k`axkj jld ts fnXnkZu vfN vksr;
pkSikbd vfrfjDr dfok] gfjin] cjok] frjgqfr xhr] olUrfrydk vkfn dksey NUnd HkO;
iz;ksx Hksy vfNA iqu% rnuq:i vaxn&jko.k laoknes kknqZyfohfM+r] kV~in] olUrfrydk]
t;djh vks loS;k vkfn ohj jlksfpr NUnd lqUnj la;kstu Hksy vfNA yadkdk.Md uoe
v/;k;es t;djh Hkqtaxiz;kr] ukjkp] pkej] ?kuk{kjh] ekxtsUnz vkfn vkstkse; NUnd iz;ksx
Hksy vfNA lhrk&ifjR;kxd dk#f.kd csykes ef.kxq.k] ve`rxfr] fo.kqin] frjgqfr] yfyrfoijhr gfjin] fo;ksfxekyo] cjok] :id] pkSikb vkfn ek/kq;Z xq.kd lapkjd NUn O;or
vfNA NUnks&fo/kkues O;kdj.kfo#) iz;ksxd Lora=rk jfgrks dohoj ,fg ekns cgqr
vuqkkluc) NfFkA
jloknh ijEijkes nhf{kr jfgrgq ;qxizokZd egkdfo ijEijkeqDr iz;ksx djckes
vxz.kh jgykg vfNA HkkkklkfgR;es kfUrdkjh ifjokZu ykcd ysy ,oa Hkzkr`Hkkjrhd Hk.Mkj
Hkjckd ysy vks ukukfo/k NUnfo/kkud iz;ksx d;y( laLd`r] izkd`r] viHkzak vks nskh
Hkkkkes ;korks :i izpfyr ok yksdfiz; Ny( fefFkyk&laxhr ijEijkd trsd lEeksgd
jkx&jkfx.kh ok lEc) NUn Ny rFkk fefFkykes O;or xhrd ts yksd&yqHkkou jkx&Hkkl
ok lqj vks y; Ny lcds vkRelkr~ djSr viu NUnkkL=h; iz;ksxkkykes lcds Bksfd&ctk
dohoj pUnk >k eSfFkyh Hkkkkds ,d fufpr izknkZ nsyfuA jkx vks Hkkld funsZkd lax
xhrd lekosk fgud futh oSfkV fFkdA
vUrr% loZrksHkkosu dgy tk ldS, ts fefFkyk Hkkkk jkek;.k eSfFkyhd
NUn&lkeF;Zd thfor nLrkost fFkdA vk/kqfud eSfFkyh lkfgR;d izosk&}kjij dohoj
pUnk >k c`gLifr tdk vf/kfBr NfFk vk fodklksUeq[k eSfFkyh lkfgR;d izR;sd nkk vks
fnkkds js[kkafdr djSr NfFkA NUnd ,gu egku iz;ksDrk vks uo&uo fkYid gLrk{kj
rdyksl vU;= HksVc nqyZHk fFkdA ,fg vkys[kd ek/;es ge viu dkyt;h ;qxpsrk jpuk&
dkj dohoj pUnk >kds kr&kr ueu] dksfVk% oUnu djSr NhA vyeLrq foLrjs.kA
36

vk/kqfudrk vk pUnk >k

& MkW0 rkjkuUn fo;ksxh
fefFkykes vk/kqfudrkd mn; lkekU;r% vaxjsth kklu ,oa fk{kk O;oLFkkd izR;{k
izHkkod iNkfr ekuy tkbNA rfguk] eSfFkyh lkfgR;es vk/kqfudrkd vkjEHk dohoj pUnk
>k lu~ 1831&1907 bZ0l ekuy tkbN] ts fd rRlkef;d NykgA ,oEes fefFkykes vk
eSfFkyh lkfgR;es vk/kqfudrk izk;% lax&lax vk,y] ls fopkjd yksdfud er NfuA lektd
lax&lax lkfgR;es lsgks dksuks ;qxcks/k lax&lax mrj;] bZ thoUr Hkkkk lkfgR;d ,d y{k.k
dgy tk ldSNA eqnk] tsuk fd gejk yksdfu tkuSr Nh] vk/kqfudrkd mn; izFke&izFke
njHkaxk jkt?kjkukd njckjes Hksy Ny vk ls vk/kqfudrk fefFkykd vfUre euqD[kd [kksifM+
/kfj igqpckd vfHkeses ,[kugq vfNA rs ,fg chpd eSfFkyh lkfgR;d bfrgkl vusd
lkfgfR;d ifj?kVuk] fofo/k vkUnksyu] vusdkusd fopkj izo`fkd pgy&igyl Hkjy vfNA
fdNq bfrgkldkj ,fg ckrij vkp;Z izdV dsyfu vfN ts pUnk >k vk lqdkUr lkse vk
fd vfoukkds ,Ddfg /kkjk & vk/kqfudrkd vUrxZr dksuk cw>y tk ldSr vfNA eqnk] bZ
izu vf/kdrj gqudk yksdfues ek= ,d vleatl txkd jfg xsy vfNA vleatl bZ ts
eSfFkyh lkfgR;es vk/kqfudrkd mn; pUnk >kl ekuy tk, fd ufgA lek/kku bZ izLrqr
d,y xsy vfN ts vk/kqfudrkd mn;dkyds ?khfpd vkj vkxw jksekfUVd@vkjEHkl ok fd
Hkkjrd Lora=rkl y vkuy xsy vfNA dgy tsckd pkgh ts bZ oLrqfLFkfrd tfVy
Lo:id ljyhd`r lek/kku fFkdA gejk cq>us] gsckd bZ pkgh ts vk/kqfud lkfgR;d fofo/krk
&iw.kZ izo`fk lHkds ifjHkkfkr vk foysfkr djckd psVk d,y tk, vk rkfg }kjk fefFkykes
vk eSfFkyh lkfgR;es vk/kqfudrkd mkjkskj izlkjd LoHkkods phUgy tk,A ls ,d ckrA
nkslj] ts eSfFkyh lkfgR;es vk/kqfudrkd izokZu vk izfrBkiu lax&lax Hksy vk fd
vusd&vusd fLFkfr&ifjfLFkfrd ?kkr&izfr?kkrd lkeuk djSr bZ cgqr vkxk vkfcd izfrBk
izkIr d ldy] lsgks bfrgkldkj vk vkykspd yksdfud chp vleatld fok; gksbr
vk,y vfNA gejk yksdfu tkuSr Nh ts vkpk;Z jekukFk >k] pUnk >kds vk/kqfudrkd
izokZd r ekuSr NfFk eqnk izfrBkid fdUugq ufgA gqudk ers ,dj izfrBkiu Hkqousoj flag
^Hkqou* }kjk cgqr vkxk pfyd d,y tk ldyA MkW0 HkheukFk >k lEiw.kZ dky&ifjfLFkfrds
ns[kSr jekukFk >kd erl lger ufg gksbr NfFk vk lrF; ekuSr NfFk ts ,dj izokZu vk
izfrBkiu lax&lax pUnk >k }kjk f;kfUor HksyA ,fg nquw xksVsl loZFkk fHkUu er MkW0
dkphukFk >k ^fdj.k*d Nfu ts pUnk >kds vk/kqfudrkd izfrBkid ekuckd r dFks dksu
ts ,dj izokZdks ekuck ysy rS;kj ufg NfFkA vk] rdj vusd dkj.k vks ns[kcSr NfFk ts fd
viuk txgij xEHkhj vfNA dgc vko;d ufg ts vku leLr bfrgkldkj vk
vkykspd ,gh rhuw erd chp viu vkxzg j[kSr NfFkA
fut eSfFkyh Hkkkk vk lkfgR;d lUnHkZes vk/kqfudrkd y{k.k vk izfreku dh gks &
rkfgij vusd ys[kd&vkykspd viu&viu vfHker izLrqr dsus NfFkA rkfg lHkds feykd
ns[kh r csl fojks/kkHkklh fp= cuSr vfN] rdj ,d euksjt
a d vkdyu MkW0 HkheukFk >k viu
ys[k ^vk/kqfud eSfFkyh dfork*es dsus NfFk vk rdj FkksM+s ckuxh MkW0 gfjeksgu feJd iksFkhes
lsgks vk,y vfNA izu vfN ts ,uk fd,d Hksy vfN\ fd,d D;ks lqeuthds izkLr
vk/kqfud ekuSr NfFk r nkslj fnl D;ks vku lqeuthd r dksu dFkk ts ;k=h;ks thds
vk/kqfud ekuck ysy rS;kj ufg gksbr NfFkA gejk izrhr gksbr vfN ts ,uk djSr yksd
oLrqr% vk/kqfudrkds ,d izo`fk ekfud pySr NfFk vk ls ekuckd ikNw csl vkxzgkhy
cuy jgSr NfFkA okLrfodrk bZ vfN ts vk/kqfudrk dksuks ,d izo`fk ufg] vfirq izo`fk&
37

leqnk; fFkd tdj iYyou&iqiu ifNyk l; lkyl gksbr vk,y vfNA tkfg dkj.ks
lqeuth vk/kqfud NfFk] lsgks vk/kqfudrkd ,d vkjfEHkd izo`fkd Hk ldSN vk tkfg dkj.ks
;k=h;ks th vk/kqfud ufg NfFk] lsgks vk/kqfudrkd ,d ijokhZ izo`fkd Hk ldSr vfNA
eqnk] bZ r vkxwd ckr fFkdA vk/kqfudrkd mn;dkyd ifjfLFkfrij fopkj djh r
MkW0 fdj.kd bZ vk/kkj&dFku fu/kkZjd rod cM+ LiV :ijs[kk lks>k j[kSr vfN & ^Hkkkkd
{ks=es vk/kqfudrkd vFkZ vU;kU; Hkkjrh; Hkkkkes ekuy xsy vfN & vaxjst tkfr tdk viu
ekr`Hkkkkds ifo= ekuc] viu leLr Hkko&fopkjd ek/;e cuk;c vk viu Hkwfed Lok/khurk
ysy thou vfiZr djckd Hkkoukds izTofyr djcA* dgc vko;d ufg ts vku&vku
Hkjrh; Hkkkk tdk eSfFkyhes lsgks vk/kqfudrkd fu/kkZjd dekscsl ,djs ekuy tk;c
ekU;] ;|fi fd vknkZ thou&ewY; vk izfrekud vHkkoes viu Hkwfed Lok/khurk ysy thou
vfiZr djckd Hkkouk ,r; ijoku ufg pf<+ ldyA viu Hkkkk vk viu laLd`frds Js.;
vkluij izfrBkfir djc] bZ vk/kqfudrkd ,d ,gu lqLiV izfreku fFkd tdjk dkj.k
vkpk;Z jekukFk >k egkdfo fo|kifr;ksds ^dSd vFkZes vk/kqfud* dgSr NfFk] ls ufg
fcljckd fFkdA
vLrq] rRdkyhu ifjfLFkfrij xkSj djh r icSr Nh ts vk/kqfudrkd iz;ksDrk pUnk
>k Lo;a vusdkusd lhekc)rkl ?ksjk,y NykgA izFke r vks vius vaxjsth <axl i<+y&
fy[ky ufg Nykg( nkslj ts ikpkR; izHkko t[ku fefFkykes viu ldkjkRed :i yd
izdV Hksy] vks viu vk;qd pkyhll cslh c[kZ O;rhr d pqdy jgfFk vk ,fg dkj.ks
ifjiw.kZ xzg.kkhyrkd voLFkkds ikj d xsy jgfFkA fxz;lZud kq# d,y dkt rgydk epk
nsydA t;nso feJ viu iqLrd ^pUnk >k*es fy[kyfu NfFk ts eSfFky cqf)thoh yksdfuds
rfg;k eSfFkyhd bZ xfjek vk bZ lkSUn;Z] tdj ladyu fxz;lZu dsus Nykg] dksuks uohu
vkfodkj tdk lEeksfgr vk vkufUnr dsydfuA ,fgl vkj ts fdNq Hksy gks] pUnk >k lu
lkFkZd yksdes vkRefookl txyfuA vkRefookl ,fg ckrd ts viu leLr lksp&fopkjd
ek/;e vks viu ekr`Hkkkkds cuk ldSr NfFkA
pUnk >kd ,d LiV lhek bZ Nyfu ts vk/kqfud lUnHkZes tdjk O;ofLFkr
lkfgR;&jpuk dgy tkbr NSd] rdj LiV ifjikVh gqudk ijEijkl ufg HksVy NyfuA
,djk ekns MkW0 fdj.k dgSr NfFk & ^eSfFkyh Hkkkkds xksxzkl tdk fdNq d n nsckd
ijEijk T;ksfrjhojs pyk nsyfuA* lSg vUrr% izpfyr ifjikVh Ny vk izcU/kiwoZd eSfFkyhes
fy[ky tk,c ,d vlEHkkfor ckr lu NyA
Hkkkk lEcfU/kr rRdkyhu vk/kqfudrkd ,d fcMEcukiw.kZ fojks/kkHkkl lsgks gejk
yksdfuds ns[kck ysy HksVS,A ,d vk/kqfudrk t pUnk >kd Nyfu] r ,d fHkUu vk/kqfudrk
jktk y{ehoj flagd NyfuA pUnk >k tr; eSfFkyhds leLr Hkko&fopkjd ek/;ed :ies
izfrfBr djck ysy mkjkskj vf/kd m|ekhy gksbr xsykg] nkslj fnl y{ehoj flag
Nykg ts eSfFkyhds trck ts laj{k.k vk ek/;e :ies izpyu iwoZl pfy vkfc jgy Ny]
rdjkij dBksj otZuk dk,e d nsyfuA dkedkth Hkkkkd :ies fgUnhd vaxhdkj &
fuLlUnsg bZgks vk/kqfudrsd ,d fHkUu :i Ny] tdjk dkxzsl&izHkkfor vk jkVh; Hkkoukd
fodkld okgdd :ies izkLr dgy tk ldS,A eqnk] vksfg Hkwfe] tkfgij y{ehoj flag
fojkteku Nykg] vks yksd tdjkij vks kklu djSr Nykg] dsj lUnHkZes fuLlUnsg bZ ,d
vkRe?kkrh Msx Ny ts eSfFkyhd vfxze fodkld MkM+ rksfM+d jkf[k nsydA
y{ehoj flagd fLFkfrd rqyuk pUnk >kl djh r ,dVk lkE; bZ ns[kckes vcSr
vfN ts ekr`Hkkkk eSfFkyhd vfHkO;fDr&{kerk vk leLr Hkko&fopkjd laogu ysy ek/;e
:ies iz;qDr gsckd vuqdwyrkds yd nquw xksVsd eksues lUnsgd Hkko NyfuA tkSa&tkSa pUnk
>kij vk/kqfudrkd izHkko xk<+ gksbr xsy] gqud bZ lUnsg ?kVSr xsyA eqnk ,dj foijhr
38

y{ehoj flagd bZ lUnsg us ek= viuk txgij dk,e jgy vfirq ,fges mkjkskj o`f),
HksySA ,gu izrhr gksbr vfN ts ^Lok/khu* fefFkykd dksuks vo/kkj.kk gqudk euksefLrdes ufg
Ny vk vks fnYyh vk ;w0ih0l Hkkkk&laLd`fr vk;kr dd fefFkykds vk/kqfud cusckd
LoIunzVk NykgA dksu i`BHkwfees vks pUnk >kds jkek;.k fy[kck ysy fu;qDr dsyf[ku]
rdj cgqr n`fV&lEiUu vkdyu eksgu Hkkj}kt viu ys[kes izLrqr dsyfu vfNA fuLlUnsg
bZgks vUrr% laLd`frd vk;kr Ny tdjk ikNw gqud viu LokFkZ NyfuA ,fg lHk dkt ysy
fgUnhds izJ; nsfugkj y{ehoj flag jkek;.k&ys[ku ysy eSfFkyhd p;u dsyfu] r ,djk
gqudkij iM+y tkWtZ fxz;lZud uSfrd izHkko dgy tk,rA bZ ckr fHkUu ts pUnk >k viu
izfrHkk vk m|ed cnkSyfr ,fg jkek;.kds ,fg gn /kfj Lohd`fr&;ksX; cuk nsyfu ts vkxw
O;ofLFkr eSfFkyh ys[kud bZ vk/kkjfkyk lkfcr HksyA ufg r vaxjst yksdfu }kjk nhf{kr&
vuqdwfyr y{ehoj flagd vk/kqfudrkes pUnk >k ysy drsd txg Ny vk vks drsd lq[kl
jgS Nykg] ls loZtfur vfNA
r] gejk yksdfu ns[kSr Nh ts jktdh; laj{k.kl eSfFkyhds oafpr d,y tk,c
vk ,fges O;ofLFkr ys[kud vkjEHk & nquw izk;% ,Dds dky[k.Md ?kVuk fFkdA vkxkeh
reke le;es gejk yksdfu eSfFkyhds viu vfLerk ysy fujUrj la?kkZ djSr ns[kSr fN;SdA
dgy tsckd pkgh ts ,fg la?kkZd cht O;ofLFkr ys[kud vkjfEHkds dkyes ifM+ xsy
NyA ,fg rjgs] bZgks dgy tsckd pkgh ts eSfFkyhd lUnHkZes viu vfLerk ysy la?kkZkhy
g,c] lsgks Lo;aes vk/kqfudrkd ,d y{k.k fFkdA
la?kkZd lEcU/kes bZ ,d rF; fFkd ts tkfg O;fDrd thoues la?kkZ jgSr NSd] lSg
vUrr% la?kkZkhy psrukd foysk.k vk O;kfIrd dkt d ldSr vfNA pUnk >kd O;fDrxr
thoues nq[ks&nq[k] la?kksZ&la?kkZ Nyfu] ls lHk xksVs tuSr Nh vk vusdks la?kkZ gqudk
^dfo&LoHkko*l tuey NyA ,fg rjgs] ge lHk ns[kSr Nh ts gqud O;fDrxrks la?kkZ
f}i{kh; NyA gqud vkRela?kkZd ,d :i gqud ,fg vkRefuosnues izdV Hksy vfN &
Hksygq xjhc tho txrhry] i<+y&xquy vfN Fkksj
ufg eghiky fokky foHko lc] ldy txr dj tksj
ufg ge cfud /kfud dksVhoj] nkfu&lq;k ufg eksj
ufg ge uV&HkV ufg ge xk;d] ufg ;qorh&eu&pksj
ufg ge wj kwj&tu&ukkd] ufg Ekksj n; dBksjAA
,r viu nhurk vk viu y?kq lhekd ts fuosnu pUnk >k izLrqr djSr NfFk]
rkfges fufgr vk/kqfudrkd dSd xksV dksfV&e vfNA ,d r fut vIiu vkRela?kkZds
dforkd fok; cuk,c lSg vk/kqfudrk Hksy] ts fd fo|kifr&dkyl py vcSr izkphu
eSfFkyh dforkl fHkUu oLrq fFkdA nkslj] t[ku vks viukds uV] HkV] xk;d
vk ;qorh&eu&pksj & ,fg pk: izdkjl fHkUu crcSr NfFk] r Lej.k j[kckd fFkd ts
izkphurkd i{kikrh dfo yksdfu ,fg pk:esl dksuks ,d izdkjd gksbr NykgA bZ gqud
dfo&O;fDrRoxr vk/kqfudrkd ,d iz:i fFkdfuA rslj] gejk yksdfu tuSr Nh vk vkpk;Z
jekukFk >k lsgks ,fg fok;ij i;kZIr ys[ku dsyfu vfN ts izkphu dfork jkx&rky&
y;kfJr gksbr Ny vk fufprs vks xk,y tsckd ysy fy[ky tkbr NyA ok r dfo Lo;a
xk;d gksfFk] tdj n`VkUr vk/kqfudks xs; dforkd dfo johUnzukFk Bkdqj vkfn NfFk] vFkok
dfod dfork D;ks nkslj fofkV xk;d izLrqr djfFk] tsuk fo|kifrd jpukd xk;u
y{ehoj flagd yC/kizfrfBr njckjh xk;d ^t;r* d,y djSr NykgA pUnk >k t[ku
viukds ^xk;d*d izdkjl fHkUu crcSr NfFk] r rdj vfHkizk; nquw izdkjd xs;rk&fo/kkud
ksk i`B&85ij
39

eSfFkyh tkxj.k vks pUnk >k

& Jh vkksd
dohoj pUnk >kd thou dsoy fefFkyk] eSfFky vks eSfFkyhd izlax vuqlU/kku
djSr] ,djs ppkZ djSr] ,djs Hkkouk djSr chr;A gqud thoud tsuk dksuks nkslj y{;s ufg
jgfuA euksfouksnd gsrq LokUr% lq[kk; vks dfork jpfFk] lsgks viu vkjk/;nso fkothd
oUnukes vFkok nskd fodjky nkkijA ksk le; vks dsoy iqjkrRod vUosk.k dk;Zes] ,djs
1
fp=ukes] ,djs Hkkoukes fcrcfFkA ,uk fd, djfFk vks\ pUnk >k ,gu fd,d Hksyk\ gqudk
Hkhrj vks dksu cspSuh] NViVkgfV iSfl xsy Nyfu\ pUnk >kds izk;% tdj /kqu lokj Ny
vks Ny fefFkykd izfr fgud fpjUru izseA yxSr vfN tsuk vks Loxr dgy djSr gksfFk] ^gs
fefFkyk! vgkd leLr nkskd vNSrks ge vgkl izse djSr NhA* vks fefFkykl dsoy vksdj
le`) vrhrd ysy izses ufg djSr Nykg vfirq vksdj okZekudkyhu ijEijkokn] lkekftd
2
fokerk rFkk dq#irk lHkd ysy lsgks fpfUrr NykgA oLrqr% pUnk >kd NViVkgfV vks
cspSuhd tfM+es vks okZeku dkys Ny ts gqudk vrhr fnl rdckd ysy] vksdj vuqlU/kku
ysy izsfjr dsydA bZ izsj.kk gqudkes vksfguk vyxs ufg tuey] ,dj ikNw vksfg le;d
lkekftd vks vkfFkZd okrkoj.k fo|eku NyA
vks le; Ny mifuoskoknh kkludA Hkkjres vks fefFkykij vaxzstd kklu jg;A
vaxzstd v/khu Ny njHkaxk jktA njHkaxk jktl vaxzst ljdkjds ,dVk fufpr jkfk dj
dsj :ies nsy tkbr NySdA vaxzst pkgSr jg; ts dj :ies izkIr jkfkes c<+kskjh gqv;A rSa
vks tehUnkj lHkij ncko c<+cSr xsyA iwoZd eqlyekuh kklud jktLo O;oLFkkes ifjokZu
vkuy tk, ykxyA vke yksdd lax tehUnkj lHkes lsgks vlUrksk cf<+ jgy jg;A
Hkhrjs&Hkhrj nskes vkfx lqufx jgy NyA ifj.kkeLo:i 1857 bZ0es vaxzstd fo#) izFke
Lora=rk vkUnksyud foLQksV HksyA ,dj ygfj vk vlfj fefFkyk /kfj igqpyA pUnk >k
vksfg le;es iPphl c[kZd uo;qod NykA 1857d ckn vaxzst kklu vkj lqO;ofLFkr :is
LFkkfir HksyA fefFkykes r egjkt egsoj flagd vkdfLed fu/kud dkj.ks rhfu, c[kZd
ckn 1860es dksjV ykfx xsyA tehUnkjh lks>s vaxzstd gkFkes vkfc xsyA nquw uckfyx
jktdqekj y{ehoj flag vks jesoj flagd fk{kk&nh{kk lsgks vaxzstd ns[k&js[kes gqv;
ykxyA fefFkykd kklu lks>s vaxzstd gkFkes vkfc xsykl vksfgBked jktuSfrd] lkekftd
vks vkfFkZd f;k&dykiij O;kid vlfj HksyA vaxzst viu fglkcs kklu&lkk pyc;
ykxyA 1860l 1880 bZ0 /kfj b,g fLFkfr jgyA chl c[kZ /kfj ts flagklu [kkyh Ny]
rdjk lEcU/kes lkekU; yksdd eues vU;Fkk Hkko vk;c vLokHkkfod ufg NySdA ge lHk
tuSr Nh ts ,fg le;es fefFkykes Hkhk.k vdky iM+y NySdA yksdd vkfFkZd fLFkfr vR;Ur
n;uh; Hk xsy NySdA eqnk rS;ks ekyxqtkjh c<+k nsy xsy Ny vk njHkaxk jktd vk;
3
jS;rd kksk.kl cf<+ jgy NySdA ,fg rjgs jS;rds pwfld ysy xsy jkfkd fglkc dksuk
gksbr Ny ls de egoiw.kZ ufg vfNA ohEl viu ^esek;lZ*es fy[kus NfFk ts vks t
[ku ,dVk Bhdsnkjl olwyh Hksy yxkud jkfk tek djckd ysy dgyfFku r vks Vkdkd
LFkkuij [kpZd C;kSjk tek d nsydfuA ns[kykij irk pyySd ts vkenuhl [kpZ cslh
vfNA rrcs ufg] [kpZd fooj.k r vkjks yTtkLin NySdA vf/kdkak [kpZ dksVZ&dpgjhd
deZpkjhds ?kwl nsckd enes Hksy jgSdA--- dgckd vfHkizk; ts fczfVk ljdkj vk jkt&njHkaxk
4
nquw fefyd tkfg d`fk&O;oLFkkd lapkyu djSr Ny ls HkzV rFkk kksk.kewyd jg;A
vkeyksd vk d`kdd fLFkfr r ,fg izdkjs ,dne foiUukoLFkkes vkfc xsy jg;A czk.k vk
40

dk;LFkd ts vfHktkr oxZ Ny rdjks fLFkfr uhd ufg NyA lEiw.kZ lekt tkfr&mitkfres
cVy [k.M&fo[k.M Hksy NyA :f<+okfnrk rFkk /kkfeZd djrk ijkdkBkij jg;A fefFkykd
czk.k lekt ts izHkqRokkyh jg; ls dj lukru/kehZ NyA ,gukes iM+kslh caxkyh lektd
tkxj.kd izHkko fefFkyk /kfj v;ckes cgqr foyEc HksyA ,fgBked foksk HkkSxksfyd vks
lkaLd`frd fLFkfrd dkj.ks mifuoskoknh kklud ts fdNq izxfrkhy lq/kkjkRed dkjZckbZ lHk
Hksy rdjks lqxfBr izHkko ,fgBked lektij ufg ifM+ ldyA caxky vk egkjkVd uo
lkekftd tkxj.k viu i,j fefFkykes ufg tek ldyA fefFkykes vksfg vkUnksyud
izHkko ,rcfgVk iM+y ts lektd ,d lkDr oxZ lq/kkjd izfr foksk lpsV HksyA b,g lq/
kkjoknh Hkkoukd vfHkO;fDr mUuSle krkCnhd vfUre nw nkdl yd chle krkCnhd rhu
nkd /kfj eSfFkyh lkfgR; es gqv; ykxyA pUnk >k ,fg izo`fkds loZizFke xzg.k d viu
jpukes lkekftd nqO;ZoLFkkd fp=.k djc izkjEHk dsyfuA 1870 bZ0 vk rdj cknks vusd csj
vdky vkfc eSfFky lektd vkfFkZd fLFkfrds ?kksj n;uh; cuk nsydA pUnk >k vksfg dfBu
le;d ;FkkFkZ fp= mifLFkr dsyfu &
vL=kL= jksd vkc ekfeykd ekfj
Hkkb Hkkb ds i<+SN fuR; fuR; xkfj
BDd yksd gDd ikc lk/kq ds mtkfj
nso ts yykV ys[k ds ldSN VkfjAA
$
$
$
Hknb lq[kk,y
/kku ngk;
xfjc fdlku fd djr mik;
dsuk fnu dkVr ftmr fd [kk;
ckycPpk fefy d# gk;&gk;
n; tuq QkVrA
pUnk >kd dforkd ,gu ikrh lHk lektd n;es lquxSr O;Fkk&foLQksV Ny] rSa
cM+ yksdfiz; HksyA pUnk >k viu dforkes lektd O;Fkk r j[kyfu eqnk lektds iq#kkFkZ
ysy izsfjr ufg d ldykA yykVd ys[kds Vkjckes euqD[kd kfDrij gqudk Hkjksl ufg
NyfuA HkkX;oknh gks;c r gejkyksdfud fu;fr jgy vfN vk ls yksd&lkfgR; /kfj
iljy vfNA ,gh lax pUnk >kds eqnk vaxzstd kkluksij dksuks Hkjksl ufg mRiUu HksyfuA
t[ku fd jktk jkeeksgu jk;l yd dskopUnz lsu vks egknso xksfoUn jkuk Ms /kfjds bZ /
kkj.kk jgfu ts vaxzst Hkkjrds n;uh; nkkl mckfj nsrkA bZ egkuqHkko lHk mUuSle krkCnhd
Hkkjrh; uotkxj.kd dkkZ&/kkkZ ekuy tkbr NfFkA bZ ekuy tkbr vfN ts fgudkyksdfues
jktHkfDr vks nskHkfDr nquwd Hkko fo|eku NyfuA vkp;Ztud :il y{ehoj flagd
njckjes jfg;ks d pUnk >kd jpukes drgq jktHkfDrd Hkko ufg izdV Hksy vfNA eSfFky
cqf)thohes jktHkfDrd izfr ,gus mnklhurk nsf[k d dnkfpr~ jesoj flag eSfFky
egklHkkd nl lw=es jktHkfDrds lHkl mij j[kyfuA
,fg izdkjs jkt&njHkaxk vFkok vaxzst kklud izfr dksuks vkkk vks ldkjkRed Hkko
gejkyksdfu pUnk >kd dforkes ufg icSr NhA eqnk fefFkykd izfr izse] fefFkykd fp=]
gqud n;fLFkr eSfFky lektd vknkZ :i vn~Hkqr :is pefd mBy vfNA ^Hkw[ky Nygq
lax ufg [kpkZ] rksfM+&rksfM+ Qy [ksygq*] fefFkykd lSdM+ks cVksfgd :i mifLFkr d nSr
vfN r ^ikrs&ikr uqd,ygq*l vked xkNhes cxckjd xqYyhd Mjs uqdkbr ckuj vkxwes
vkfc tkbr vfNA
^gfl ctyk r[kuk nldaBA bZ ckuj vfN cM+dk yaBA* ,fgl fefFkykd ckcw&
5
ccqvkud njckjd fp= ukp; yxSr vfNA ,dj lkekukUrj vaxzst kklud izfr vkkk vks
41

ldkjkRed Hkko gqud ledkyhu dfo Qrwj ykyd ^vdkyh* dforkes vo; HksVSr vfN &
vtc dkt ljdkj ds] frjgqr igqpy jsy
ckftriqj l lM+d fudkys] vk, nkSfM+g nkSM+h
ggs;k xaMd iqy cUgk;] vk, pkSjgh pkSjh
/keZohj] cyohj] dEiuh] tkur gS txnhku
y{ehlkxj ds iks[kfj es] rkfg dhUg blVhku
Qrwj yky Hkhk.k vdkyes vke yksdds lgk;rk gsrq ^fjyhQ* cVckd ysy ljdkjd
izkalk djSr NfFkA eqnk pUnk >k tuSr Nyk ts bZ jsy vaxzst ljdkj ,fg nqvkjs pykSyd
vfN ts ,fg Bked vUuds lesfVd fonsk y tk;rA mifuoskoknh kksk.kd bZ cks/k pUnk
>kds vaxzstd izfr grkk djSr vfNA viu thou fLFkfrl mRiUu fujkkk vk vaxzst
ljdkjl izkIr lkekftd grkkk gqudk okZekud izfr vkkkoknh ufg jg nSr NfuA okZekul fof[kUu Hk vks viu vrhr fnl rdSr NfFkA vrhr gqudk mTToy ns[kkb nSr NfuA
iqjkrud izfr vks vkykndkjh Hkko&cks/kl Hkfj mBSr NfFkA oLrqr% iqjkrud izfr bZ
vkykndkjh Hkko uotkxj.kd iqu#RFkkuoknh vUr/kkZjkd :ies lHkrfj fo|eku jgy
vfNA ,djs ifj.kkeLo:i vkRe&vuqlU/kkud izf;k vksfg lHk {ks=es ifgus kq# Hksy ts vkSifuosfkd laLd`frd lEidZes ifgus vk;y vk ts vkSifuosfkd kksk.kd izR;{k dsUnz cfu xsyA
vksfgBked vfHktu cqf)thohd fnekxes viu euqD[kd] viu lektd ekufld lajpukds
cq>ckd csxjrk mRiUu HksyA ,djs ifj.kkeLo:i vksfg {ks=es iqutkZxj.k viu y{;ij igqfp
ldyA vksr cqf)laxr vks mnkj fopkj/kkjkd O;kidrkl /kkfeZd vks lkekftd lq/kkjd
izf;k izkjEHk Hksy ts vUrr% jkVh;rkd fopkjl vksr&izksr jktuSfrd psrukd izlkj vks
fodkles lgk;d cuyA cgqrks bfrgkldkj vks fo}ku eqnk ,fg vo/kkj.kkd vkykspuk djSr
NfFkA vks fgUnqRods ewfkZiwtk] cgqnsookn ,oa vU/kfookld :ies ns[kSr NfFkA ijUrq bZgks
lR; fFkd ts cgqrks {ks=es vlukruh lEiznk; ,fg /kkfeZd fooklds pqukSrh nsydA vks lHk
ewfkZiwtk] cgqnsookn vks tkfrxr Hksn&Hkko] vlekurkd HkRlZuk dsyfuA vks yksdfu fonskh
izHkkol Lora= Hk lq/kkj vkUnksyuds O;kid cukSyfuA eqnk tsuk gejkyksdfu tuSr Nh] fefFkykd usr`Ro dsfugkj rRdkyhu czk.k lekt lukru/kehZ djrkl cgjsckes lQy ufg
HksyA pUnk >kds tr ,d laj{kd egjkt y{ehoj flag fdNq mnkj HksVyfFku] vksrfg
nkslj laj{kd egjkt jesoj flag lukru /kesZd laj{kd Hk xsykA lukru /keZd izpkjes vks
nsk Hkfj ?kqeykA t[ku fd fefFkykes vkuks /kekZoyEch lHk NykA pUnk >kd eqR;qd ckn
1910 bZ0es jesoj flag ts eSfFky egklHkk ctkSyfu] ls iqu#RFkkuoknh vUr/kkZjkds vkj
tksjxjs cukSydA vksuk uotkxj.k vks lq/kkjd nskO;kih izokges tsuk lHkBke e/;oxZ viu
fookg] /keZ vks ikfjokfjd lajpukd iquxZBu dsyd rsuk fdNq iz;kl fefFkykses HksyA ts
eSfFkyh lkfgR;es dfork] dFkk] ys[k] miU;kl vkfnd ek/;el vfHkO;fDr;ks ikSydA ,fg
izdkjd lkekftd lq/kkjd vuqxqat vkjfEHkd eSfFkyh lkfgR;es lqukb nSr vfNA :<+
ijEijkd izfr eksg vksfg lHkes tr izcy ns[kkb nSr vfN] rfguk ijEijkd v/kykg i{kd
fojks/k lsgks HksVSr vfNA ,gh lax tsuk nsk Hkfjes fofHkUu lkfgR;es ^dh Nygq] dh Hk xsygq
vk Hkfo;es dh gSc*d /ofu lqukb iM+Sr vfN] rsuk eSfFkfy;kses lqukb nSr vfNA ,fg /ofuds
t pUnk >kd dforkes vdkuh r vksrgq lqukb nsr &
nw/k vks ngh ufg] Lod.B ds lq[kkmA
vUu bZ egk?kZ rkSa] tusj dhfu [kkmA
uhp deZ es jgS fN] /kEeZ ds c<+kmA
dh vgk NykSa HksykSa fd] ls lksfp ds ytkmAA
tsuk dgy vfN] ,fg izdkjd iqu#RFkkuoknh /ofu lHk uotkxj.kdkyhu vkuks Hkkkk
42

&lkfgR;es lqukb nSr vfNA ls cafdepUnz pVthZl yd HkkjrsUnq gfjpUnzd lkfgR;es lsgks
HksVSr vfNA bZ r lkfgR;es fczfVk lkezkT;oknd f[kykQ xk/khthd usr`Roes pySr vkUnksyud vof/k /kfj pySr jgy vfNA dgy tkbr vfN ts ,gu lkfgR;d dsUnzes nsk r
Ny] euqD[k ufg NyA t[ku fd ;Sg vks vof/k Ny t[ku lEiw.kZ fooes uo euqD[d
[kkst Hk jgy jg;A Hkkjrh; lkfgR;es lsgks ,fg vuqxqatd vfHkO;fDr Hk jgy NyA johUnzukFk VSxksj vk izsepUn ,fg :ies fofp= jgfFk ts vks rFkkdfFkr jkVoknd izokges ufg
v;ykA gejk tuSr pUnk >kd fokskrk bZ vfN ts vks eSfFky vk fefFkykd ifjizs{;es viu
fpUru] lkfgR; vks vuqlU/kkud egrh dk;Z lHkds lEikfnr dsyfuA viu ts fdNq /kjksgj
vfN] rdjk tksxkd j[kckd] lajf{kr djckd izo`fkd izkjEHk gejkyksdfu pUnk >kes nsf[k
ldSr NhA fo|kifr] xksfoUn nkl] lkgsc jkenkl vkfnd eSfFkyh jpuk lHkd laxzg vk
vksdj izdkkud Js; pUnk >kds NfuA fo|kifrd ^fy[kukoyh* vks ^dhfkZyrk*d [kkst
dsyfu pUnk >kA rstukFk >k fyf[kr ^HkfDr izdkk* uked d`frd lEiknu vks izdkku dsyfuA kkjnkpj.k fe=d lax pUnk >k ?kqfe&?kqfe fo|kifrd in ,d= d;us NykA fo|kifrd
viuk gkFks fy[ky Hkkxord iksFkh fe= egkk;ds ns[kkd gqud lUnsg nwj d nsus Nyk ts
fo|kifr eSfFkys Nyk caxkyh ufgA ,fg Hkkxor iksFkhd irk pUnk >k yxkSus Nyk] vksdjk
rkfd d cgkj dsyfu] ts njHkaxk jktdh; iqLrdky;es vk rdj ckn laLd`r
6
foofo|ky;es lqjf{kr jk[ky xsyA ,Egj vkfcd bZ vewY; iksFkh pksfj Hk xsyA
T;ksfrjhoj Bkdqj 1280&1340 bZ0d ckn pUnk >k 1831&1907 bZ0 ifgy O;fDr
Hksyk ts iksFkhd :ies eSfFkyhd x| fy[kyfuA fo|kifrd ^iq#k ijh{kk*d x|&i|e; vuqokn dsyfuA gquds lkexzh&ladyud vk/kkjij ijesoj >k ^fefFkyk ro foekZ* fy[kyfuA
pUnk >kd dk;Zl eqX/k Hk] gqudkl izksRlkgu ikfc chle krkCnhd vkjEHkes njHkaxkes ,d
^fefFkykuqlU/kku lfefr*d LFkkiuk Hksy Ny] tdj izk.k Nyk psrukFk >k vks ea=h jgfFk
dskh feJA ,dj izeq[k lnL; jgfFk & eqdqUn >k cDkh] x.kukFk >k] eqakh j?kquUnu nkl
vks rqykifr flagA bZgks yksdfu FkksM+ dkt ufg dsyfu ijUrq vks ;qxs rsgsu Ny ts fkf{krks
lektl fgudkyksdfuds izksRlkgu ufg HksVyfuA tdj QyLo:i bZ lfefr cknes HkXu Hk
7
xsyA ikNw r bZ yksdfu viugq ,djk ^eqnkZ Dyc* dg yxykA eqnk chle krkCnhes
tkxj.k vufugkj ,fg izdkjd vkuks lkekftd vks lkaLd`frd laxBu fofHkUu Bke
cuyA ,fg lHk iz;kld lkewfgd ifj.kke bZ Hksy ts fefFkykoklh viu ,drk vk viu
vrhrd xkSjod izfr lkdka{k HksykA gqudk bZ ln~cqf) Hksyfu ts uc fefFkykd
8
mRFkku ,dek= gqud ekr`Hkkkkd mRFkkufgij fuHkZj vfNA
bZ eSfFkyh tkxj.k vk/kqfud le;es ts kq# Hksy] ls Hkkfkd tkxj.kd :ies pUnk
>kd le;l kq# gksbr vfNA bZ tkxj.k lkekftd] vkfFkZd] lkaLd`frd & lHk vk;keds
lesVus vfNA ,gh lax vks le; Hkkjrh; uc tkxj.kd dky lsgks fFkdA Hkkjr vk foo
Lrjij uc tkxj.kd bZ ,d egoiw.kZ vonku jgy vfN ts viu lektd lEiw.kZ :is
tkxj.kd ysy lkewfgd /kjksgj lHkds lajf{kr d,y xsy] vksdj v/;;u&euu vks foysk.k
d,y xsy vk r[ku ;qxkuqdwy vko;drk] iz;kstuds ns[kSr vksdj mi;ksx d,y xsyA ,fg
n`fVl pUnk >k eSfFkyh tkxj.kd izFke iq#k :ies le{k vcSr NfFkA
lUnHkZ %
1- jekukFk >k & dohoj pUnk >k] vkpk;Z jekukFk >k jpukoyh
2- t;nso feJ & pUnk >k fofucU/k
ksk i`B&63ij
43

ujiqaxo dohoj pUnk >k

& Jh egsk >k
dohoj pUnk >kd o.kZu ,d vkys[kes foU;Lr djc [kqjpues egksnf/kds lesVc
lu dk;Z gks;rA r[ku gqud fojkV d`frRo ,oa fokky O;fDrRod la{ksies o.kZu djckd
iz;kl ek= Hkfj vfN gej bZ vkys[kA
dohojd tUed izkekf.kd vk/kkj gqud fy[ky izFke iksFkh ^okrkoku*l Kkr
vfNA vks fy[kSr NfFk & ^^kdkCns jeskkuu&eqfu&fukkuk;d fers riksPNs lIrE;kef/k fnua
pUnzdfor% bR;kfnA** ,fg yksdd vk/kkjij 20 tuojh 1831 bZ0 ek?k kqDy lIrehds
dohojd tUe HksyA fgud ewy ,oa ewyxzke ^eM+j; jtkSjk* vk xks= dk;i NyA gej xke
Bk<+hes ^eM+j; jtkSjk* ewyd fdNq ?kj NfFkA JsB ehekald e0e0 fp=/kj feJd fk; ia0
jfoukFk >k vksgh oakd mPp dqyd czk.k Nykg ftudj fo}r~ vkHkk fefFkykes izfl)
NyA dohoj O;kdj.k ,oa lkfgR;d mPp dksfVd fo}ku NykgA vk/kqfud dkO;/kkjkd
izFke dfo NykgA egkdfo fo|kifrl gkZukFk >k rd izkphu dkO;/kkjk izogeku ekuy
tkbr vfNA uohu dkO;/kkjk dohoj pUnk >kl izkjEHk Hksy vk Louke/kU; Jh pUnzukFk
feJ ^vej* th rd vfNA eSfFkyh lkfgR;d ew/kZU; lkfgR;dkj vkpk;Z jekukFk >k ,dj nw
iksFkhd ukel laxzg izdkfkr djkSus NykgA izFke ^izkphu xhr* vk nkslj ^uohu xhr* Ny
ts iwoZes Lukrd izfrBkd dkslZes i<+kvksy tkbr NyA
euhkh ijEijkd vuqlkj iwod
Z fo}ku viu tUe ,oa tUeLFkku fy[kckes iw.kZ ijgst
djSr NykgA vLrq gqudj lHkd tUe ,oa tUeLFkkud fookn cgqrks fnu rd ufg lks>jkbr
NSdA ijUrq dohoj ,fg leL;kds ijsf[k Lo;a ,dj lek/kku viu iksFkhes d,us NfFkA
ewy&ewyxzke izkIr djckes lgtrk HksySdA dkj.k iath&fuekZ.kd le;d Hkhrj NySdA vLrq]
fgudj oakkoyh izfl) iathdkj Jh dUgS;k >k lkSjkB] e/kqcuhl iath&xzaFkd vk/kkjij
miyC/k djkvksy xsy vfNA ,dj o`gr~ o.kZu ^fefFkyk&xkSjo&izrhd dUnihZ* lEiknd &
MkW0 jaxukFk ^fnokdj*] i`B&55es vfNA txrifrl vkBe Hkksyh NfFk vk HkksykukFk izfl)
Hkksyhd vkRet pUnk >k NykgA
pUnk >kd firkd uke HkksykukFk >k izfl) Hkksyk >k NyfUgA Hkksyk >kd fookg
cM+xke lgjlk fuoklh fgedj >kd iq=hl HksyA xjhchd dkj.k Hkksyk >k viu es/kkoh
ckyd pUnk >kds i<+sckes vleFkZ NykgA vLrq] miu;ud ipkr~ ckyd pUnk >kds ekr`d
cM+xke iBk nsyfFkUgA vksrfg izkphu i)frl O;kdj.k ,oa lkfgR;d v/;;u dsyfUgA pUnk
>k ckY;dkysl es/kkoh NykgA v/;;ud mijkUr ifjokjd Hkj.k&iksk.k djckd fufeks
thfodkd [kkst dj; yxykgA loZizFke xUgokfj Mks<+hes jfg fdNq vFkksZiktZud lax
v/;;u&e pycSr jgykgA pUnk >kd izfrHkkd [;kfr vksr; ilj; ykxyA pUnk
>kes ,d vykSfdd xq.k Ny vk vks Ny vuqlU/kkud izo`fkA fdNq fnud ipkr~ pUnk >k
ujgfud tehUnkj ckcw foosoj ukjk;.k flagd vksfgBke izeq[k if.Mrd :ies jgykgA iqu%
t[ku fefFkysk y{ehoj flag xhij vklhu Hksykg r[ku gqudj njckjes izeq[k
if.Mrd :ies jgykgA y{ehoj flag viu jkT;d izfrBk c<+sckd ees ts cgqr fo}ku
lHkds viu njckjes j[kyfUg] vksfges pUnk >k lsgks jk[ky xsykgA
iwoZdkyd laLd`rd fo}ku laLd`rl brj Hkkkkes jpuk djc [kjki ekuSr NykgA
eSfFkyhes jpuk djckd lkgl fd;ks ufg djSr NykgA pUnk >k eSfFkyh ok yksd Hkkkkes
fy[kckd lkgl d,yfUg r vksfg le;d njckjd fo}ku fgudk migkles ^dohoj* vFkkZr~
HkkVd mikf/kl vyad`r d,yfUgA dohojd lax ts njckjes vU; fo}ku Nykg] vksfges ia0
gYyh >k gfjuxj oS;kdj.k] vJqrijkt; uS;kf;d ia0 fooukFk >k Bk<+h] e0e0 fp=/kj
44

feJ VHkdk vkfn vusd fo}ku egkjktd njckjd kksHkk NykgA dohojl egkeuk
fxz;lZu lkgsc ,rsd izHkkfor Nykg ts vks fy[kus NfFk & Pandit Chanda (or
Chandranath) Jha whom I know to be one of the most learned man in this part of
India . oSnsgh] pUnk >k Le`fr vad] i`B&128

vksfg le;es dfo ,oa fo}ku jktkfJr gksbr NykgA ;Fkk egkdfo fo|kifr fofHkUu
jkT;kfJr Hksykg vk ^fko flag*d lokZf/kd fiz; NykgA jktkfJr gsckd ,d bZgks dkj.k
NySd ts dfo vFkok fo}ku viu jpukds jktk }kjk izdkfkr djcSr NykgA dohoj
y{ehoj flagd njckjes cgqrks fofkV fo}kud lax NykgA egkjkt fo}ku iafMr ,oa dfo
yksdfud iw.kZ leknj djSr NykgA y{ehoj flagd izsj.kkl iafMr yksdfu mRlkfgr Hk,
eSfFkyhes jpuk djckd gsrq vxzlj HksykgA fo|kifrd iq#k ijh{kk ts laLd`res Ny rdj
vuqokn dohoj eSfFkyhes d,yfUgA vksgh ees dohoj 1892 bZ0es fefFkykHkkkk jkek;.kd
jpuk d,yfUg ts dohojd izkS<+ d`fr ekuy tkbr vfNA
dohoj viu funsZkues dqy lkr xksV iksFkh izdkfkr djsyfUg & 1 okrkoku]
2 fefFkykHkkkk jkek;.k] 3 iq#k ijh{kk eSfFkyh vuqokn & 1888 bZ0] 4 y{ehoj
foykl] 5 xhr lIrkrh] 6 xhr lq/kk vk 7 xhrkoyhA dohojd izFke iksFkhd lHkl
egoiw.kZ ckr bZ vfN ts ,fges vks viu tUe&frfFk fyf[k nsus NfFkA
dohojd fdNq jpuk ts vks Lo;a viu thoudkyes izdkfkr ufg djk ldykg vk
gqud nsgkUrd mijkUr izdkfkr Hksy] vks fFkd & 1 egskok.kh laxzg] 2 gqud dkyt;h
jpuk pUnz i|koyh] 3 dkkh fkoLrqfr] 4 tkudh ifj.k; ukVd] 5 HkfDr izdkk] 6
k`axkj Hktu xhrkoyh vk 7 pUnz jpukoyhA pUnz jpukoyhd izdkku eSfFkyh vdkneh]
iVukl 1981 bZ0es Hksy vfNA
ia0 MkW0 kfkukFk >k] O;kdj.k foHkkxk/;{k dk0 fla0 njHkaxk laLd`r foo&
fo|ky; ,oa vU; vuqlU/kku ,oa ik.Mqfyfi lHkd [kksth fo}kud vuqlkj dohojd v|ru
vizdkfkr iksFkhes vfN & 1 vgY;kpfjr ukVd] 2 ewy&xzke fopkj vFkkZr~ xked
O;qRifk] 3 NUnks xzaFk & bZ ik.Mqfyfi vizkIr NSd eqnk ,fg iksFkhd mYys[k Hksy NSd] 4
jl&dkSeqnh & ,fg iksFkhd mYys[k MkW0 yfyrsoj >k d,us NfFkA MkW0 yfyrsoj >k
dohoj pUnk >kij kks/k&dk;Z d,us NfFkA 5 fo|kifr xhrkoyh vk 6 x|&oYyjhA
vksuk bZ vfUre nquw iksFkh vkc izdkfkr Hksy vfNA
MkW0 yfyrsoj >k kks/kd ees gej iwT; firk ia0 lgnso >kl lg;ksxd gsrq
gejk xkeij lkr fnu jgy NykgA vksfg le; ge mPp fo|ky;d Nk= jghA gejk
xkeij jgckd eq[; dkj.k jgfUg ts gej iwT; firk Lo;a ,d vuqlU/kkudkkZ jgfFk ,oa
dohoj fi.Mk#N NksfM+ gej xke Bk<+h viu lklqj vkfc cfl xsy Nykg] tdj izek.k
vkxk nscA vksfg le; Bk<+hes dohojd le;d ,d o`)k thfor NyfFkUg ftudj ?kj
dohojd ?kjd fudV NyfUgA MkW0 yfyrsoj >k gej iwT; firkd lax gqudkl
dohojd izlax cgqrks tkudkjh izkIr d,us NykgA dohojd /keZiRuhd uke ^dqudqu nkb*
NyfUg ts MkDVj lkgsc gqudsl Kkr d,us NykgA
Hkkjrh; lkfgR;es jkedFkk okYehfd ,oa O;kld`r fofHkUu iqjk.k lHkes Hksy vk ipkr~
eSfFkyh Hkkkkes dohoj pUnk >k d,yfUgA gejk tuSr dohojd dksuks jpuk U;wu ufg
vfN eqnk fefFkykHkkkk jkek;.k vk pUnz i|koyh lokZf/kd yksdfiz; HksyA rdj dkj.k bZ Hksy
ts ,fg nquw xzaFkes dohoj yksdHkkkk vk BsBHkkkkd iz;ksx d,us NfFkA fefFkykHkkkk jkek;.kd
lokZf/kd ego bZ vfN ts fefFkykes izpfyr 57 Vk jkx Hkkles dohoj ,dj jpuk
d,yfUgA dohoj lkspyfUg ts dkyees fefFkykd viu jkx Hkkl lHk yqIr us Hk tk,]
rs ;fn viu jkek;.kes vksfg jkx lHkds ,df=r d nscSd r lqjf{kr jgrA bZ KkrO; ts
45

fefFkyk Hkkkk jkek;.kd pkfj csj izdkku Hk pqdy vfNA

viu kks/k&xzaFkes MkW0 yfyrsoj >kd Hkko vfN ts jkek;.kd izFke laLdj.kd
izdkku dohojd thoudkyfges Hksy NyA nkslj laLdj.k gqud e`R;qd ipkr~ Hksy tdj
izdkku e0e0 fp=/kj feJ ehekald fkjksef.kd lEikndRoes Hksy NyA
dohoj fo}ku dfod lax&lax vuqlU/kku@kks/kdkkZ lsggks Nykg rdj izek.k
gqud jkek;.kes HksVSr vfNA ,dVk mnkgj.k & ewy jkek;.kes vfN ts Jhjke] lhrk ,oa
y{e.k ldqky yadkij fot; izkIrd, t[ku v;ks/;k vkil v;ckd ees Hkj}kt vkJees
uxj foJke djckd gsrq :fd xsykg r guqekuds jke dgyfFkUg ts gej ldqky vkxeud
lwpuk Hkjrds n fn;kSUgA guqeku Hkjrds t[ku bZ kqHk lekpkj lqusyfFkUg r Hkjr izlUu
Hk, dgyfFkUg ts ge ,fg kqHk lekpkjd gsrq vgkds ,d yk[k xk,] l, mke xke rFkk
vkpkj&fopkjokyh k`axkj;qDr lksyg dqekfj dU;k iRuh :ies lefiZr djc &
xoka kr lglza p xzkek.kka p kra ije~A
ldq.Myk kqHkkpkjk Hkk;kZ% dU;kLrq kksMk%AA44AA
;q)dk.M] okYehfd jkek;.k] i`B&581
vkoky czpkjh guqekuds okYehfdd }kjk Hkjrd eqgl ,gu ojnkud =qfVd
ifjektZu kks/kiw.kZ n`fVl dohoj viu jkek;.kes d,us NfFkA rqyflnkld /;ku ,fgij
ufg iM+yfUgA eqnk dohoj ,dj ifjektZu viu fefFkyk Hkkkk jkek;.kes d,yfUg &
xzke nsc l, xksV ge] l, gtkj nsc xk;A
eqX/kk kksMk dU;dk] ejf;r ysy ftvk;AA
yadkdk.M] i`B&353
dohoj fo}ku] dfo ,oa vuqlU/kkudkkZd lax&lax xhr vk jkxd iw.kZ Kkrk
NykgA Hkkjrh; jkx ,oa fefFkykd jkx Hkkl lHkds viu iksFkhes lekosk d,us NfFkA
Hkxorhd xhrl pUnz i|koyhd vkjEHk d,us NfFkA rRipkr~ fofHkUu jkx lHkes jpuk d,us
NfFkA rrcfg ufg] pUnz i|koyhd ipkr~ fefFkykHkkkk jkek;.kes fofHkUu 57 jkx] NUn]
rky] jkx&jkfxuh] yksd xhr ,oa yksdksfDrd iz;ksx dkO; kkL=d fu;ekuqlkj d,us NfFkA
laxfg fofHkUu vyadkjd iz;ksx lsgks viu dkO;es d,us NfFkA fdUrq fokskrk bZ vfN ts
dohoj viu jkek;.kd Hkkkkds ljy o lgt j[kus NfFk ,oa yksdHkkkkes lqxe vk euksgkjh
o.kZu dkO; kkL=d fu;ekuqlkj d,us NfFkA
dohoj pUnk >kd jked izfr HkfDr&Hkkouk ,oa rqylhnkld HkfDr&Hkkoukes fdNq
vUrj vfNA rqylhnkl Jhjkeds fujkdkj fuxqZ.k cz ekuSr NfFk] eqnk dohoj Jhjkeds
lxq.k ,oa fujkdkj fuxqZ.k nquw ekuSr NfFk ts fuEu fdNq ikfrl LiV gksbN &
1
lxq.k cz viusdk ns[ky] fuxqZ.k eu vuqekuA
pUnz lqdfo eu&ykHk ,gu lu] f=Hkqou lquy u dkuAA
fefFkyk Hkkkk jkek;.k] ckydk.M] i`B&28
2
fuxqZ.k lxq.kkorkj Hkwfe&Hkkj gkkZA
LosPNklkSa ,dlkSa vusd :i /kkkZAA
fefFkyk Hkkkk jkek;.k] ckydk.M] i`B&28
fefFkyk Hkkkk jkek;.kes yksdksfDr iz;ksxd n`VkUr ns[ky tkm &
1
?kj miokl }kjij ukpA
i`B&63
2
pksj lgfFk dh drgq btksrA
i`B&66
3
?kjd Hksfn;k yadk MkgA
i`B&191
( vkfn&vkfnA
ksk i`B&99ij
46

nsoL; i; dkO;e~
& MkW0 cqf)ukFk feJ
Hkkjrh; ok~e;d izkphure dfork osnd _pk fFkd] ts viu fnO; izd`frd dkj.ks
vtj&vej vfNA foKku vk dforkd |ksrukhy lapsruk vkvksj vfHkO;fDrds nsodkO;d
laKk nsy xsy vfN] _Xosn tdj izFke mn~Hkkl vfNA ,dj iqfV djSr vFkoZosnd ea= vfN
&
^vfooSZ
uke
nsorrsZukLrs ijho`rkA
rL;k :is.ksek o`{kk gfjrk gfjrlzt%A
vfUr lUra u tgkR;fUr lura u i;frA
nsoL; i; dkO;e~ u eekj u th;ZfrA*
vksfg ije T;ksfrd uke d#.kk vfN ts ^_r* l`fVd ewyes lqO;ofLFkr kkor
fo/kku ok lqk`a[ky NUnl ifjosfVr vfNA vksdjs :i] LoHkko] izd`fr vk lkSUn;Zds yd
o`{k&yrk gjhfrekd ekyk ifgjSr vfNA vks nso ,rsd vfHkUu vk vkReh; vfN] ts vksdjk
i`Fkd ufg d,y tk ldSNA vks ,rsd lfUudV vfN] ts vksdjk fd;ks nsf[k;ks ufg icSr
NSdA ,fg nsodkO;ds ns[kw] ts dfg;ks e`R;q vk tjkl xzLr ufg Hk ldSr NSdA
oSfnd dkO;es ^_r* vk ^NUn* nquw kCn izk;% lekukFkZd vfNA ^fJ;s NUnks u Le;rs
foHkkrh*] ^fJ;ks olkupjfr Lojksfp%* vkfnes NUnd fHkUu&fHkUu vFkZes iz;ksx d,y xsy
vfNA ,gu lu ts Lo;a osnsd uke NUn ifM+ xsyS & ^;Fkk NUnfl*A i`Fohds Lojorh cuckd
izFke lkSHkkX; osnsl HksVyS & ^T;ksfrerhe~ vfnfra /kkj;r f{kfra Lojorhe*~A fu#Drdkj ;kLd
eqfud vuqlkj osnd _pk kUrnkhZ dfo&_fkd izKk (Scientific Concept) ,oa izfrHkk
(Poetic Intuition)l mn~Hkwr Lor%LQwrZ okd~ vfNA ,fg fnO; xhfr&dforkds egfkZ
vjfoUn ^ekuo vUrjkRek vFkok laosnukd ve`rkjksg.kd izxhrkRed egkdkO; (Lyrical
epic of the human soul in its immortal ascension) ekuyfu vfNA osnd v/khrh
fo}ku Jh vfuokZ.k viu o`gn~ xzaFk ^osn ehekalk*es _d~ds ifjHkkfkr djSr dgus NfFk ts
fdNq dfod eues mhIr Hksy vksdj LQqj.k t[ku ok.khd ek/;el gksbr vfN r vksdjk
_d~ dgy tkbN tdjk lLoj xcSr NhA loZizFke _Dlafgrses xhfr&dforkd ,dVk
izkphu laKkd ifjp; HksVSr vfN] tdjk ^xkFkk* ok ^xkFk* dgy tkbNA _Dlafgrkes tkfg
vk| NUnd lokZf/kd iz;ksx Hksy vfN] ls vfN & ^xk;=h*A
_Xosnd okDlw=d vuqlkj ts ,fg fnO; dkO;d vuqkhyu djSr NfFk] ls loZK]
_fk] euhkh Hk tkbr NfFk &
^;a dke;s ra reqxza d`.kksfe
ra czk.ka re`fka ra lqes/kke~A*
_Xosnl ifgus yksd nsf[k;ksds ufg ns[kSr Ny] lqfu;ksds ufg lquSr Ny] dkj.k ts
vksdjkes viu izkd`frd oSHkods ns[kckd n`fV ufg NyS vk us izd`frd laxhrds lquckd
psruk NySA _Xosnd izek.k vfN & ^mr Ro% i;Uu nnkZ okpeqrRo% k`.oUu k`.kksR;suke~*A
oSfnd Hkkkkds i`Fohij fodflr vk|ok.kh ekuy tkbr NSdA egfkZ }Sik;uks ^egkHkkjr*d
kkfUrioZes dgSr NfFk] ts vghl lHk Hkkkk fodflr Hksy &
^vukfnfu/kuk fuR;k okxqRl`Vk Lo;EHkqokA
vknkS osne;h fnO;k ;r% lokZ% izo`k;%AA*
fgeky;d miR;dk ,dj tUeHkwfe ekuy tkbNA1 yksdthoul kCn vk fnO;
vuqHkwfrl Hkko yd lglzks okZes bZ Hkkkk ifjiDo HksyA ,srjs; czk.kd mfDr vfN ts _fk
47

&x.k lekf/kd voLFkkes kCne; osnea=d nkZu d,yfu] vksdj jpuk ufgA rSa _fk
yksdfuds ea=nzVk dgy tkbr Nfu & ^_k;ks ea=nzVkj%*A ;kLd eqfu viu fu#Dres ^_fk*
kCnd vFkZ ^nkZu dsfugkj* d,us NfFk & ^_fknZkZukr~*A ,fg ea=ds lquckd ijEijk jgySd
vfN] rSa ,djk ^Jqfr* dgy xsySdA foodkO;d okfpd ijEijkd izFke iqi osnea=s Nh
tkfges nsorkd Lrqfr] l`fVd mn~Hko&fodkl] ;K&;ktud izfof/k vk izd`frds fofHkUu
n`fVl d,y xsy o.kZu vfNA thoud e/kqNUnk psrukes Mwfcds ts vkuUn izkfrHk
kfDr&lanhfIrd lax eq[kfjr Hksy] lSg Hksy osn vFkkZr~ food izFke dkO;A bZ dksuks vktqd
eqDr NUn dfork tdk ^vQyk&viqik* kCn&lefV ufg vfNA ,djkes dforkd lHk xq.k]
NUn&lqkek] o.kZ&O;atuk] /ofu&lkSUn;Z] vyadkj] fcEc&izrhd uhd tdk ltkvksy xsy
vfNA lkoZHkkSe psruk ok fpfrd izdkkl vkyksfdr bZ vk| dfork ckjEckj xquykl gej
ekulds mn~Hkkflr djSNA
dqy nl eaMyes foHkDr _Dlafgrk lEiw.kZ oSfnd lkfgR;d ewyk/kkj vfNA l`fVd
vkjEHkes t[ku _r&lr&o`grd vf/kBk=h vUr%kfDr yksdkskjk jkf= ekrkd fcEc&izrhdl
vkfoHkwZr gksbr vfN] r vksfg egk;kek jkf=d Lrqfres _fk&dfod ok.kh NUnkse;
mn~xkjd :i y ySr vfN &
jk=h O;[;n vk;rh iq#=k nsO;{kfHk%A
fook vf/kfJ;ksf/krA
vksoZizk veR;kZ fuorks nsO;q}r%A
T;ksfrkk ck/krs ru%A*
_d~ 10@127@1 vk 2
egk;kek yksdkskjk jkf= tuuh viukds forfjr] ilkjSr vk vfHkO;Dr djSr vcSr
NfFkA lHk fdNq gqudk us=es izfrfcfEcr vfNA ij&fuPpk] ckgj&Hkhrj ts fdNq vfN]
lHkds veR;kZ jkf= vkPNkfnr d usus NfFkA pk: dkr vlhe kwU;rk iljy vfNA vks
viu ve`r T;ksfrl reds HkxcSr ugq&ugq mrfj jgy NfFkA
vkiLrEc lw=d vuqlkj osnd nw foHkkx vfN] ,dVk ea= vk nkslj czk.k &
^ea=czk.kkRedks osn%*A ea=lafgrkes pk: osn vcSr vfN & _d~] ;tq%] lke vk vFkoZA
_dd izeq[k izfrik| Lrqfr vfN & ^_P;rs Lrw;rs ;;k lk _d~*A ;tq%d vFkZ ;t&iwtu
gksbN & ^_fXHk% LrqofUr ;tqfHkZ%*A lked vFkZ Hksy LojA ,djk fcuk dksuks ;K ufg Hk
ldSr vfN & ^uk lkek ;Kks Hkofr*A lkeosnes ;tqosZnd
s ea=d xk;u gksbr NSdA ^lke*
kCn Lroud ,rsd lkoZHkkSe Hk xsy ts ;wjksih; nskkses ppZes lke (psalm) kCn Lrks=
vFkZes [kwc izpfyr vfNA ^FkoZ* d vFkZ dqfVyrk gksbN vk ^vFkoZ*d vFkZ HksyS ^vktZo* vFkkZr~
eu _tqrkA ;Kdkyes czk cuy _fRod~ vFkoZd ea=d ikB djSr NfFkA ;Kd izFke
nsork vfXu vfN] rSa lHkl ifgus vfXu,d iwtk d,y tkbNA _dd izFke ea=ks vfXu,d
mikluk djSr vfN & ^vfXuehMs iqjksfgre~*A
pk: osnes _Xosn izkphure vk lokZf/kd egoiw.kZ vfNA vf/kdkak ,djs ea= vku
rhuw osnes ladfyr vfN] pkgs oks ;tqosZn gks vFkok vFkoZosnA lkeosnes r ek= 99Vk ea=
Lora= vfN] ksk lHk _Xosnd
s vfNA egfkZ iratfyd egkHkk;d vuqlkj _Xosnd dqy 21
kk[kk NyS] tkfges lEizfr ek= ,dVk kkdy lafgrk ksk NSA ikSjkf.kd vfHkys[kd vuqlkj
osnO;kll gqud fk; iSy _fk _Xosnds izkIr d,yfu] gqudkl okdy vk bUnzizfefr vk
rnqkj vku fk;x.kA _Xosnds vVd el vk e.My el foHkktu d,y xsy vfNA
vVd ees lEiw.kZ _Xosn vkB vVdes foHkDr vfNA izR;sd vVdes vkB v/;k;
vfNA ,oe~izdkjs dqy 64 v/;k; vfNA e.My ees _Xosn 10 e.Myes] e.My vuqokd~es
vk vuqokd~ lwDres foHkDr vfNA ,fg n`fVl _Xosnes 10 e.My] 85 vuqokd~ vk 1017
lwDr vfNA lwDrks pkfj izdkjd vfN & _fklwDr] nsorklwDr] vFkZlwDr vk NUn%lwDrA
48

_fklwDres ,Dds _fkd lHk ea= vfN] nsorklwDres ,Dds nsorkd Lrqfrd ea=] vFkZlwDres
,Dds fofkV vFkZd ea=lewg vk NUn%lwDres ,Dds NUnd ea= lHk oxhZd`r vfNA ,fg ea=
lHkd nzVk d;i] fookfe=] e/kqPNUnk] d.o] es/kkfrfFk vkfn _fk NykgA
czk.k xzaFkes oSfnd ea= lHkd O;k[;k vfNA rfguk vkj.;d vk mifuknes lsgks
osnea=sd O;k[;k vfNA ^vkj.;d* vFkkZr~ vj.;es jgfugkj _fk&eqfu yksdfud osn&lEcU/kh
fpUru&euul jpy lkfgR; vk ^mifukn* Hksy xq#d lkehI;es fu;fer :il cSfld izkIr
cz&KkuA fdNq mifuknksd x.kuk oSfnd lkfgR;es d,y tkbNA cz&fo|kes pk: osnds
vijk fo|k vk mifuknds ijk fo|k ekuy tkbNA vijk Lo;a cz&Lo:i vfN vk ijk
fo|kl czd lk{kkRdkj d,y tkbN & ^r= vijk _Xosnks ;tqosZn% lkeosn% vFkokZfxjl% --------- ijk p lk ;;k rn{kjef/kxE;rs*A osnd kk[kk&izkk[kk Hksy osnkax] tdj lgk;rkl osnd
jgL; ok /ofu&lkSUn;Zds cw>y tk,A osnkax Le`frd dksfVes vcSN vk lafgrk] czk.k]
vkj.;d rFkk mifuknd Js.khes ifjxf.kr vfNA osnkax mke ekuojfpr kkL= fFkd ts
Nvks Vk vfN & fk{kk] dYi] O;kdj.k] fu#Dr] NUn vk T;ksfrkA ikf.kuh; fk{kkes ,dVk
:id ckfUgds lHk osnkaxd ego cq>k;y xsy NS &
NUn% iknkS rq osnL;] gLrkS dYiksFk iB~;rs
T;ksfrkke;ua p{kq% fu#Dra JksreqP;rsA
fk{kk ?kzk.ka rq osnL;] eq[ka O;kdj.ka Le`re~
rLekr~ lkaxe/khR;So czyksds egh;rsAA*
osnfo|kd nquw i,j NUn fFkd] nquw gkFk dYi fFkd] T;ksfrk vksdj us= fFkdS]
O;kdj.k eq[k HksySd vk fk{kk ukd fFkdSA lHk vax lfgr osnd v/;;ul czyksdd izkfIr
gksbNA
osnd jpukdkyds yd t ppZ djh r fdNq lukruh fo}ku pkfj yk[k okZ ekuSr
NfFk] t[ku fd Jh vfoukkpUnz nkl 75 gtkj okZ] Jh ukjk;.k Hkoujko ikoxh HkwxHkhZ;
izek.kd vk/kkjij 9 gtkj vk ia0 nhukukFk pqySV T;ksfrk x.kukd vk/kkjij 30 gtkj okZ
ekuSr NfFkA osn nh?kZ dky /kfj okfpd ijEijkes jgyS vfNA vr,o ,dj HkwxHkZkkL=h;
izek.k dh Hk ldSr NS] ls ge cwf> ufg icSr NhA vLrq] T;ksfrk x.kukd izek.ks ,dek=
ekuy tk ldSN] ts 30 gtkj okZ cSlSr vfNA vksuk ,fg fok;es foksk vuqlU/kkud
vko;drk vfNA rS;ks lQyrk HksVcs djr] ls lqfufpr ufgA ikpkR; fo}kud osnd
jpukdkyd lUnHkZes d,y xsy fu.kZ; drgq vR;Ur nqVrkiw.kZ vfN] r drgq furkUr
vKkurkiw.kZA gejk yksdfuds vkc vks ekufldrkl eqDr Hkd lkspckd pkgh] tkfges vaxzst
vf/kdkjhd izR;sd ckr czokD; gksbr NyA egfkZ iratfy rhuVk izek.k ekuus NfFk &
^izR;{k&vuqeku&vkxek% izek.kkfu*A viu izkphu bfrgkld fok;es gejk yksdfu vkf[k
ewfud ek= ck izek.kds ekuSr xsygq] vk viu vkxe izek.kd mis{kk d nsygq] tkfgl
vFkZd vuFkZ drksd Bke Hk xsy vfNA viuk nskes kCnd izek.k lHkl egRoiw.kZ NyS]
fd,d r vks J)k&fooklij vk/kkfjr NySA HkrZ`gfj okD;inh;e~es kCnd izfrBkds
js[kkafdr djSr dgSr NfFk & ^fooes dksuks ,gu n`<+ fookl ok ladYiuk ufg vfN] ts
kCn&ek/;ed fcuk O;Dr gksA Kku&foKku lHk fdNq kCnses vuqfo) vfN] ts kCnsl
izdkfkr gksbNA ,gu kCnds cz ekuy tkbNA bZlkbZ /keZes l`fVd vkfndkyd lUnHkZes
tsgu voSKkfud vo/kkj.kk NSd] rkfges nw lglzkCnhl ikNk tkbes ikpkR; fo}kuds nkrh
ykfx tkbr NyfuA rSa osnd jpukdkyd fu/kkZj.k djckl ifgus bZ fu.kZ; dj, iM+r ts
okZeku ekuo&lH;rkd o;l drsd chry NSA rnqijkUr oSfnd Hkkkk lu mPp Hkkkkd
fed fodkles drsd gtkj lky ykxy gsrSdA ls t ufg] r[ku rkor vuqekusl dkt
pyrSA gejk yksdfu ikpkR; fo}kud vVdyckthds fd,d fkjks/kk;Z djh\ ewy ckr ;Sg NS
49

ts oSfnd lkfgR; lglzks okZl riLoh czk.k leqnk; }kjk ekSf[kd lEizsk.kl v|kof/k
lajf{kr d,y xsy vfNA bZ lk/kkj.k dkt ufg NSdA ,d [kk<+hl nkslj [kk<+h /kfj fo|kds
ekSf[kd lEizsk.kl gLrkUrfjr djc oLrqr% vR;Ur dfBu dkt fFkdSA osnea=d ewyikBds
v{kq..k jk[kckd ysy in&ikB] e&ikB] tVk&ikB] ekyk&ikB] /otk&ikB] ?ku&ikB lu
oSKkfud ikB&i)fr cukvksy xsyA food dksuks nskes okfpd ijEijkl ,rsd nh?kZdky
/kfj dksuks lkfgR;ds lqjf{kr jk[kckd] lsgks vusd izdkjd >kV&ikful cpkcSr] dksuks nkslj
mnkgj.k ufg vfNA
osnd dsoy kCnsd ufg] vksdj vFkksZds thoUr jk[kckd vuojr iz;kl gejk
yksdfud iwoZt d,yfuA vksfgij Hkk; fy[ky xsy] Vhdk d,y xsyA lk;.k vk ;kLdd
Hkk; lqizfl)s ufg] osnd fufgrkFkZ /kfj igqpckes vR;Ur lgk;d vfNA fdNq teZu fo}ku
#MYQ jkWFk] gje xzkleSu vkfn lk;.kd Hkk;ds dkfVd rFkkdfFkr HkkkkkkL=h; i)frl
vuxZy Hkk; fy[kus NfFk vk vksdj izpkj djSr lk;.kd Hkk;ds mLVk nsckd vfHk;ku lsgks
pykSyfuA vksdj ,dek= m|s; Hkkjrh; laLd`fr] Hkkjrh; /keZ vk Hkkjrh; Hkk;&iz.kkyhd
vfofPNUu oak&ijEijkd voekuuk djc NyA vkc vksfg teZu Hkk;ds vkskfg baxfyk
pSuyes] leqnzes Qsfd nsckd pkghA ,dj foijhr teZus fo}ku vYsn yqnfox lk;.kd
Hkk;sd lgk;rkl iwjk _Xosnd uhd vuqokn d,us NfFkA
osnd vFkZ tkuckd vfuok;Zrkd lUnHkZes Hkk;dkj ;kLd dgSr NfFk &
^LFkk.kqj;a
Hkkjgj%
fdykHkwr~
v/khR; osnku u fotkukfr ;ksFkZe~A
;ksFkZK% br ldya Hknzeuqrs
Ukkdesfr
Kkufo/kwrikIekAA*
osnkFkZd Kkud vHkkoes osnikBh Hkkjokgd LFkk.kq [kEgk tdk gksbNA osnd
vFkZKku izkIr dj,oyk O;fDr fuiki cfuds loZeaxy izkIr djSr vUres LoxZ tkbNA
oSfnd lkfgR;es ^|koki`fFkoh*d ifjdYiukij /;ku nsckd pkghA ^|kS%* Hksy vdkl
vk ^i`fFkoh* Hksy i`FohyksdA |qyksdes lw;Z vk i`Fohyksdes vfXu rstkse; czd izfrfuf/kRo
djSr vfNA lw;Zd fok;es ea= vfN & ^lw;ksZ p{kq% txrLrLFkqkp*A vfXu i`Fohij lw;Zd
izfrfuf/k vfNA euq vfXud mRiUu dsfugkj ekuy tkbr NfFk & ^fu RokeXus euqnZ/ks
T;ksfrtZuk; kkors*A ,dVk kCn vfN & ^foHkkolq*] tdjkl lw;Z] vfXu vk pUnzek &
rhuwd cks/k gksbr NSdA ekuo&lH;rkd lHkl ewY;oku vkfodkj vfN & vfXuA |qyksdd
lw;Z&lkseij ekuod dksuks vf/kdkj ufg NS] eqnk oSokuj vksdjk vf/kdkjes NSA
$
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osnea= lkekU;r% Lrou] ;tu vkfnd ysy vfN] eqnk ,dj dfoRoks de egoiw.kZ
ufg vfNA _Xosnd 16 lwDres |qyksdd deuh; dU;k fnoks nqfgrk mkkd lkSUn;Zd
vn~Hkqr o.kZu d,y xsy vfNA lw;Zd iRuh vk vfXud ekrk l|%Lukrk mkk T;ksfrl vko`k
Hkd Hkksjs&Hkksj lHkds txcSr NfFk &
^,kk kqHkzk u rUoks fonkuks/osZo Lukrh n`k;s uks vLFkkr~A
vi }skks ck/kekuk rekaL;qkk fnoks nqfgrk T;ksfrkkxkr~AA* _d~ 5@80@5
_Xosnes nSfod fok;d vfrfjDr yxHkx ikp l; lwDres vusd lkekftd
vk ,sfrgkfld fok;d lekosk Hksy NS tkfges moZkh&iq#jok] ;e&;eh] ljek&if.k laokn
ijorhZ dkyes dfod jpukd vk/kkj cuySA ,dVk lwDres |wrdkjd izxhr NS] tkfges vksdj
ekrk&firk] iRuh] Hkkb&cU/kq & lHk vksdjk nqrdkjSr dgS NS ts ,djk Hkxkm] ge ,djk ufg
fpUgS fN;S &
^vU;s tk;ka ifje`kUR;L; ;L;kx/k}snus{k%A
50

firk ekrk Hkzkrj ,uekgquZ tkuheks u ;rkc)esre~AA* _d~ 10@34@4

oSfnd nsork lHkes bUnz lHkl JsB NfFkA gqudkl ,d ea=es vuqjks/k d,y xsy
Nfu ts gejk dksd&leku dke] mywd&leku eksg] o`d&leku ks/k] dqdqj&leku yksHk vk
fx)&leku eRljl j{kk d: &
^mywd;krqa kqkqywd;krqa tfg o;krq eqr dksd;krqe~A
Lkqi.kZ;krqer x`/kz;krqa knso ize`.k j{k bUnzAA* _d~ 7@104@22
tsuk pkyfues lrqvk pkyy tkbr NSd] rfguk lq/kh yksdfu viu ok.khds eul
kq)d d, ctSr NfFk] r[kus y{eh izkIr djSr NfFk &
^lDrqfeo frrkSuk iquUrks ;= /khjk eulk okperA
v=k l[kk;% l[;kfu tkurs HknzSkka y{ehfuZfgrkf/k okphAA* _d~ 10@71@2
uklnh; lwDres l`fVd iwoZ:id fok;es ts LFkkiuk d,y xsy NS] lSg euqLe`fr]
Jhen~Hkkxor] Hkxon~xhrk vkfnes vuqlj.k d,y xsy NS & ^us lr~ NyS us vlr~] us vUrfj{k
us O;kse] us e`R;q us tUe] us jkfr us fnu( ek= ty] vU/kdkj vk vksfges ,dVk ril
vkyksfdr lkkd vfLrRo NyS* &
^uklnklhUuks lnklhknkuha uklhn~ jtks u O;ksek ijks ;r~A
fdekojho% dqg dL; keZUuEHk% fd;klhn~xgua xHkhje~AA
u e`R;qjklhne`ra u rfgZ u jk;k v vklhr~ izsr%A
vkuhnokra Lo/k;k rnsda rLek)kU;Uu ij% fdapuklAA
re vklhkelk xwYgexzsizdsra lfyya loZek bne~A
rqPN;sukHofofgra
;nklhkilLrUefgek
tk;rSde~AA*
_d~ 10@129@11] 12 vk 13
vgh lUnHkZes thokRek vk ijekRekds ihij xkNij lfVd cSly nwVk i{khd :ies
ifjdYiuk d,y xsy vfN] tkfges ifgy i{kh Qyds [kkbr NSd vk nkslj fcuk Qy [ksus
jgSr NSd &
^}k lqi.kkZ l;qtk l[kk;k lekua o`{ka ifjkLotkre~A
r;ksjU;% fiIiya Lok}R;uuUU;ks vfHkpkdkhfrAA* _d~ 1@164@20
l`fVd lEcU/kes trsd LiV vk vR;f/kd oSKkfud vo/kkj.kk osnes vfN] rdj vakks
ek= nkslj Bke ufg ns[kkb iM+Sr vfNA
_Xosnd ,dVk ea=es l`fVd ckjEckjrk] lw;Z&pUnzd mRifk vkfnd LiV fooj.k
vfNA ,rsd /kfj ts leqnzl laoRlj le;d mn~Hko Hksy] lsgks lw= :ies dgy xsy vfN
&
^Lkw;kZpUnzelkS /kkrk ;FkkiwoZedYi;r
fnoa pkUrfj{keFkks Lo%A
rr% leqnzks v.kZo%
leqnzk v.kZoknf/k laoRljks vtk;rAA*
_d~ 10@19@31
_Xosnd _fk lHkd n`fVes lEiw.kZ l`fV ,dVk nsodkO; vfN] tkfges loZ= fnO;
pSrU; vk vkuUn O;kIr NSdA ,gu lu ts iou e/kqe;] unh e/kqe;] flU/kq e/kqe;] vkSkf/k
e/kqe; & izd`frd lokZax e/kqe; NS &
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51

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pyckd lkoZHkkSe vk lkoZdkfyd lUnsk vfN &
^laxPN/oa laon/oa la oks eukafl tkurke~A
nsok Hkkxa ;Fkk iwosZ latkukuk miklrsAA
lekuks ea=% lfefr% lekuh
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lekuh o vkdwfr% lekuk n;kfu o%A
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kqDy ;tqosZn vkfnR; lEiznk; vk d`.k ;tqosZn cz lEiznk;A kriFk czk.kd vuqlkj
kqDy ;tqosZnd vk[;ku oktlus; ;kKoYD; d,yfu &
^vkfnR;kuhekfu kqDykfu ;twafkA
oktlus;su ;kKoYD;suk[;k;UrsAA*
kqDyes dsoy ea= vfN] d`.kes ea=d laxs fof/k&fo/kku vk czk.k xzaFkd fok; lsgks
vfNA egfkZ iratfy ;tqosZnd 101 kk[kkd ppZ d,us NfFk & ^;tqjsdkrkRede~*A vkuks
lafgrk] iqjk.k vkfnes izk;% ,rcs kk[kk xuy xsy NS] eqnk lEizfr ek= N,Vk kk[kk miyC/k
vfN & kqDy ;tqosZnd oktlus;h vk dk.o kk[kk rFkk d`.k ;tqoZsnd rSfkjh;] eS=k;.kh]
dB vk dfiByA rSfkjh;ds vkiLrEc lafgrk vk oktlus;hds ek/;fUnuh lafgrk lsgks dgy
tkbNA rSfkjh;es czk.k] vkj.;d] mifukn] JkSr lw= vk x` lw=d ijEijk csl lqjf{kr
jgy vfNA eS=k;.kh lafgrk x|&i|kRed vfNA dB lafgrkes iqjksMkk vkfn ;Kd
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31e v/;k; vfNA 34e v/;k;d izkjfEHkd 6 ea= fko ladYi lwDrd ukel pfpZr vfN]
tkfges euds psrukoku vk fko ladYil ;qDr djckd dkeuk d,y xsy vfN &
^;Ttkxzrks nwjeqnSfr nSoUrnqlqIrL; rFkSosfrA
nwjaxea T;ksfrkkaT;ksfrjsda rUes eu% fkoladYieLrqAA*
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lafgrkd xkSjo izkIr d;us vfN vk tkfges bZojd lHkes O;kfIrd fl)kUrd izfrBkd laxs
R;kxiwoZd Hkksx djckd vn~Hkqr thou&nkZu nsy xsy vfN &
^bZkkokL;fena loZa ;fRdap txR;ka txr~A
rsu R;Drsu HkqathFkk% ek dL;fLo)ue~AA*
;tqosZnd izflf) ;Kosnd :ies vkjEHkfgl jgyS vfNA ;Kd vFkZ Hksy thoud
fofgr dkZO;d ikyuA ,fg lUnHkZes vfUre v/;k;d bZ dkeuk cM+ mi;ksxh ekuy xsy
vfN &
^dqoZUusosg dekZf.k ftthfoksPNra lek%A
,oa Rof; ukU;FksrksfLr u deZ fyI;rs ujsAA*
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LoLFk] V&iqV kjhjl lTtu yksdfud midkj djh &
^Hknza d.kZsfHk% k`.kq;ke nsok Hknza i;se{kfHk;Zt=k%A
52

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;tq&25&21
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xkSjo ,djk izkIr NSA ,fges ,gu jkVd dkeuk d,y xsy NS] tkfges ,d&nksljkd izfr
lkSgknZ gks] lHk viu&viu fu/kkZfjr dkt dj;] le;ij es?k cfjl;] xk, [kwc nq/kxfj gks
vk ouLifr [kwc Qwy;&QM+; &
^vk czu~ czopZlh tk;rkekjkVs jktU;% kwj bkO;ksfrO;k/kh egkjFkks tk;rke~A
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fudkes fudkes itZU;ks okZrq QyoR;ks u vksk/k;% iP;Urke~A ;ksx{kseks u% dYirke~A*
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laxhrc)d d, vksdjk lqxe cukSydA ,dj ego vghl cw>y tkbN ts xhrkes Hkxoku
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bZ ;KlEiknud vfuok;Z vax vk bZkksiklukd lkaxhfrd ek/;e fN;S & ^xk;fUr ;a
lkexk%*A ,fges 1875Vk ea= vfN] tkfges 1771Vk ea= _Xosnsd vfN vk ikpVk iqu#Dr
vfNA ,oe~izdkjas ek= 99Vk _pk lke lafgrkd viu _pk fFkdSA _Xosnd ,d ea=es _d~
vk lked lgfLFkfrd ladsr vfN & ^rLekn~ ;Kkr~ loZgqr _p% lkekfu ;fKjs*A
o`gnkj.;d mifuknes _d~ vk lkeds |koki`fFkoh tdk nEifrd :id nsy xsySd vfN &
^lkekgefLe _DRoe~] |kSjga i`Foh Roe~*A vgh mifuknes ^lke* kCnd O;qRifk&lk$ve*
d,y xsy vfN] tkfges ^ve*d vFkZ Hksy lkrks LojA rSa ^lke* Hksy xk;uksi;ksxh _pk lHkd
leqPp;A tSfeuh; lw=&^xhfrkq lkek[;k* vgh vFkZd iqfV djSr vfNA ,fges vf/kdkak
xk;=h vk izxkFk NUnd _pk vfNA vkus oSfnd NUn tdk xk;=h of.kZd NUn vfNA ,fges
vkB&vkB o.kZd rhu pj.k gksbNA izxkFk NUn] xk;=h vk txrh NUnd feJ.kl cuy
vfNA lkexku dj,oykds mn~xkrk vk vksdj xk;uds vkSn~xk= dgy tkbNA
lkeosnd ,d gtkj kk[kk NySA egfkZ iratfy ,djk ^lglzoRekZ lke* dgus NfFk]
tkfges rhuVk kk[kk & jk.kk;uh;] dkSFkqeh vk tSfeuh; ckpy vfNA ifgy nquw xqtjkr&
egkjkVes vk tSfeuh dsjyes thfor vfNA 2722Vk jkfxuh dkSFkqehes vk 3681Vk jkfxuh
tSfeuhes ,[ku vfNA egfkZ kkSud pj.kO;wg ifjfkV lw=es dgS NfFk ts lkeosnd ,d
lglZ Hksn NyS] tkfges vusdds bUnz vu/;k;d le; i<+ckd dkj.ks viu ctzl uV d
nsyfuA2 tSfeuh; kk[kkd ,d uke roydkj lsgks vfNA dkSFkqeh lafgrsij lk;.k Hkk; d,us
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53

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fpUrus vfNA ;Kes ts pkfj _fRodd vko;drk gksb NS] rkfges vFkoZosnd _fRods czk
;Kd iqjks/kk cuS vfNA ;Kd fof/k&fo/kkud fujh{k.k vk laHkkfor =qfVds ektZo djckes
vksdj egoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gksbNA Lrou] ;tu vk xk;ul ck :i fufeZr gksbN ts osn=;h
_d~&;tq%&lke dgcSr NSd] eqnk eues vk/;kfRedrkd vkyksd vFkoZosnsl vcSr NSdA
vr,o] czk.k xzaFkes ,djk osn=;hd ^kq* lkjro ekuy xsy vfNA izFke rhu O;kfr &
^Hkw%] Hkqo% vk Lo%*ds lsgks kq dgy tkbNA
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nqb,Vk kk[kk kkSud vk iSIiykn vkc ckpy vfNA kkSud kk[kk lokZf/kd izcy vk thoUr
vfNA lk;.k Hkk; kkSud lafgrsij vfNA iSIiykn lafgrkd miyC/k ikaMqfyfid izkekf.kd
izdkku MkW0 j?kqohjd lg;ksxl MkW0 okjsV d,us NykgA vksuk nquw kk[kkes dksuks foksk
vUrj ufg NSdA vFkoZosnd ,dek= czk.k xzaFk ^xksiFk* vgh kk[kkd vfNA xksiFkes
vFkoZosnds czosn dgy xsy vfNA vFkoZosnes 20 dk.M vfN] tkfges 731 lwDr vk 5987
ea= vfNA bZ osn thoud fofo/krkd osn vfN] tkfges HkSkt] okhdj.k] Vksuk&VksVdk]
lEeksgu&ekj.k vkfn lHk NSA bgyksd vk ijyksd & nquw ,fges vfHkfIlr NSA thou ,dVk
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ouLifrd xq.kxku lsgks HksySd vfNA mnkgj.kkFkZ & vikekxZ fpjfpjhd izkalkes vksdjk
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vusd Vksuk vFkoZosnes vfNA mnkgj.kkFkZ & okhdj.kd fof/kes crkvksy xsy vfN ts izseh
viu izsfedkd ekfVd ewfkZ cukc; rFkk lud Mksjhoyk /kuqk vk mYywd ikf[kd ok.kl
ckjEckj ewfkZd n;&Hkkxds ^mkqnLRoksr rqnrq ekeeso d`.kqra oks* ea= i<+br vk?kkr
igqpkc,A t ,dj muVk fLFkfr NS] r izsehd ewfkZij vfXu&rIr ok.kl ;Sg ea= dfgd
54

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iq= Nh & bZ Hkkouk drsd izxk<+ vfN] tdj rqyuk ufgA vkp;Z ts ,gu _pkds
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ls vksfg /kekZU/k lHkds ufg lq>ySA
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ekulds izsfjr djSr NSdA izkphd izkax.kes ,dVk dqky lq:ik x`fg.khd :ies ^kk lqujh*d
o.kZu Hkkjrh; ifjoskes Hk ldSr NSdA _Xosnd nke e.Myd 95 lwDr k`axkj jles uhd
tdk Hkhty vfNA 18 _pkes iq#jok&moZkhd laokn fujUrj k`axkj xkFkkd jpukes tksjud
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55

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yksd tdk bfrgklds frfFkes ckfUgd jk[kckes fookl ufg djSr NykgA tdj thou
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lglz okZl ts oxZ viu [ksukb&ihukb fclfjd dgquk xqtj djSr iksfld jk[ky] rdjk
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yx ufg tk,c] rkor osnd dkO;&oSHkods dksuk cq>cS\ ,djk yx t,ckd vFkZ NS]
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izlaxok ,dVk ?kVuk eksu iM+Sr vfNA dkkhes ,d csj ,dVk dsUnzh; ea=h fokky
tulHkkes Hkkk.k nsyfu ts laLd`r foofo|ky;es dksuks gfjtu fk{kdd ufg gks;c
czk.koknh djrk vk vU;k;d dBksj izek.k fFkdA vksfg le;es ia0 d#.kkifr f=ikBh
foofo|ky;d dqyifr NykgA nkslj fnu dkkhd egku fo}ku vkpk;Z lhrkjke prqosZnh vk
ia0 f=ikBh & nquw gqudkl HksaV dj xsykgA ea=hth prqosZnhthl ifjfpr NykgA gqud
ifNyk fnuqd Hkkk.kd ppZ djSr nquw fo}ku gqudkl fuosnu d,yfu & ^oLrqfLFkfr r bZ
vfN ts lEiUu czk.kks vkc laLd`r i<+ ufg pkgSr vfNA ek= foiUus czk.k ykpkjhes
laLd`rd lgkjk ySr vfNA foofo|ky;d cgqr lkSHkkX; gsrS] t vius dkfYg del de
ikpVk gfjtu Nk=d ukekadu djk nhA* vks jktusrk vksfg fnu lk>d izLrkfor lHkkds
fcuk lEcksf/kr d,us fnYyh ykSfV xsykgA
lkekU;r% laLd`r vk fokskr% oSfnd ok~e;d fk{kkd fujUrj gzkl Hksy vfNA
eqxy dkyes del de fgUnw lektd m|eh oxZ vkfFkZd lg;ksx nd ,fg fk{kk&i)frds
thfor jk[kckd psVk d,yfu vk kkldks oxZ ,fges lkekU;r% gLr{ksi ufg d,yA rSa
vjch&Qkjlhd laxs laLd`rksd fk{kkd ijEijk vfofPNUu jgyA fczfVk jkt dk;e Hksykd
ckn laLd`r fo|kd fodkld ysy ,dVk vaxzst fo}Rlfefrd laLrqfrij rkfg le;es ,d
yk[kd fokky jkfk vkcaVu djckd fu.kZ; ysy xsy Ny tdjk xouZj tsujyds i=
fyf[kd jktk jke eksgu jk; jksdck nsyfuA vksfg le; t laLd`r fk{kkds vkfFkZd vk
jktuhfrd lathouh HksVy jfgr,] r ,fg Hkkkkes izkphu kkL=d vk/kkjij uo&uo oSKkfud
vuqlU/kku gksbr, vk Hkkjres del de ,dVk iw.kZ oSKkfud Hkkkk&fyfi jfgr,] tdjk
ek/;el Hkkjrh; euhkh ,fg dEI;wVj ;qxes fdNq ekSfyd ;ksxnku d lfdr,A osnikBh
leqnk;es ,[kuks tVkikB] ?kuikB vkfnd ek/;el oSfnd dkO;ds cp;ckd iz;kl Hk jgy
vfNA vkxzg ts ,fg fnkkes ljdkj lsgks lg;ksxd ysy euks;ksxiwoZd dkt dj,A fdNq
dkWjiksjsV ,fg ysy vkxk c<+y vfN] eqnk v{krs&fry tdkA vkb xq#dqyd lapkyu djc
ksk i`B&94ij
56

eSfFkyhes ys[ku ijEijkd ekudhdj.kd vko;drk

& MkW0 vkksd ^vfopy*
Hkkkk vks laLd`frd bfrgkl le; lkis{k ifjokZud bfrgkl fFkdA ifjokZud lax
vke tud chp lkeatL; LFkkfir d,us jgckes l{ke Hkkkkd ifjf/k fujUrj foLr`r gksbr
jgSr vfNA vk/kqfud vk;ZHkkkkes lokZf/kd izkphu Hkkkkd xkSjol foHkwfkr eSfFkyhds ifgy x|
T;ksfrjhojd o.kZ jRukdj vk ifgy egkdfo fo|kifrd lqjfHkl lqjfHkr gks;ckd lkSHkkX;
izkIr NSdA
fefFkyk fonsg] cfTtla?k vk vax & rhuw gqrd la;ksxl Lo:ies vk;y ^frjgqr*d
ewy vk?kkj Hkkkk vk laLd`frd ,dRos NyA eSfFkyh ifgy vk/kqfud vk;ZHkkkk fFkd ts
laLd`rds tu izpyul nwj Hksykd ckn lkfgfR;d :is yksdHkkkkds vknj iznku djd lkgl
d,ydA rkRi;Z ts vk/kqfud vk;ZHkkkkd lEekud izrhd] yksdok.khd izfrBkd izrhd fFkd
eSfFkyhA cq) vk egkohj opu tdjk ikfy lkfgR; dgy tkbr vfN] vksgks eSfFkyh,d
izkphu Lo:i fFkdA vkpk;Z jekukFk >k lsgks ,djk ekuSr NfFkA1 la;qDr fcgkjd ,dek= bZ
Hkkkk fFkd ts lqnh?kZ lkfgfR;d ijEijkds v{kq..k j[kus vfNA
Hkkkkd ekudhdj.k] vksdj oS;kdjf.kd O;oLFkk vnkSl egoiw.kZ izu jgy vfNA
vkpk;Z jekukFk >k2] ia0 thoukFk jk;] MkW0 lqHknz >k] ia0 nhucU/kq >k] ia0 xksfoUn >k] Hkksyk
yky nkl vkfn euhkh yksdfu ,fgij chle krkCnhd izkjEHkfgl fopkj eUFku djSr jgykg
vfNA vktqd eSfFkyhd ts lkfgfR;d Lo:i le{k vfN] ,dj vkFkfj cUgckd iz;kl izk;%
b,g yksdfu d;us NfFkA ia0 thoukFk jk; ekud ys[kud rhuVk vlkSd;Z fLFkfrd ppkZ
d;us NfFk & 1- LokHkkfod mPpkj.ktU; lgt iz;ksx] 2- nqjkxzgtU; iz;ksx ,oa 3- LoPNUn
iz;ksxA3 ,fges LokHkkfod mPpkj.ktU; lgt iz;ksx NksfM+ nkslj vk rsljd lEcU/k r vkqf)
l vfNA ekud Lo:id LFkkiuk vks kSyh fu/kkZj.kd ees jekukFk >k }kjk lEikfnr
eSfFkyh lkfgR;d csl Hkwfedk jgy vfNA
Hkksyk yky nkl eSfFkyhd cslhl cslh iz;ksxd i{k/kj NykgA gqud ekuc NyfUg ts
kSyh vius iNkfr fLFkj Hk tsrSdA4 eqnk jekukFk >kd ekuc NyfUg ts lHk O;fDr t lHk
jaxd fy[kr] r[ku Hkkkk jgr ufgA5 1956 bZ0es lafo/kkud vkBe vuqlwphes eSfFkyhds
LFkkfir djd izu mBvksfugkj dkphukFk >k fdj.k] ekud Lo:id fLFkfjdj.kds lkekftd
mi;ksfxrk] ljdkjh izkklfud ekU;rkd ifjizs{;es ns[kSr NykgA6
bZ r LiV vfN ts csl iz;kld ipkrks eSfFkyhd ekud Lo:i ,[ku /kfj fLFkj
ufg Hk ldy vfNA lHk ys[kd lHk jaxd fyf[krs NfFkA g] ekudd fudVLFk ys[ku csl
izfrfBr ekuy tk jgy vfNA vksuk BsB cksyh fxz;lZud vuqlkj tksygk vks eqlyekuh
eSfFkyhes foosdkuUn Bkdqjds lkfgR; vdknseh iqjLdkj n eSfFkyhd iqjks/kk yksdfu
mnkjrkd ldkjkRed ifjp; nsyfUg vfNA
fy[kck dkyes dsvks dkjd psUg & l] ds] es] ij vkfn gVkd r dsvks tksfM+d
fy[kSr NfFkA gjLo ^b*d nwVk Lojd iz;ksx vfu;fer gksbrs vfNA fn?khZdj.kd lkekU;
izo`fk cslh ys[kues lek;ksftr Hk jgy vfNA bZ xIi gejk cq>us cstk;ks ufgA
vkc bZ izu ts eSfFkyhd fudhdj.k Lor% eSfFkyh {ks=es eSfFkyhd fLFkfrd okLrfod
cks/kd vis{kk j[kSr vfNA fxz;lZu lkgsc eSfFkyhd cksyhd ts oxhZdj.k dsyfUg vksfges
tksygk cksyhd dksuks LiV Lo:id mYys[k ufg dsyfUg vfN vk Nhdk&Nhdh cksyh iqcfj;k
eSfFkyhd mYys[k d,us NfFk ts lEiw.kZ eSfFkyhd fokskrk NSdA7 vksgquk dksuks {ks=es Hkkkkd
Lo:i cnyd ysy] fd ,dhdj.kd ysy] ok nqjkod ysy ,d l; okZd vof/k de ufg
57

gksbr NSdA
ys[kud ijEijkes ekud eSfFkyhd loZlEer fu/kkZj.k vkb le;d vko;drk fFkdA
fopkjd foUnq vfN ts dh ekud eSfFkyh vks lkfgfR;d eSfFkyhes fefFkykd leLr {ks=
izkphu frjgqrd fofo/k cksyhds lesfVd j[kckd lkeF;Z NSd\ dh dkj.k ts le`) lkfgR;
vk ehBxj ekud fLFkfrd ipkrks 24 ;kstud foLrkj gefd xsy vk fefFkykd yksdds
viukds fefFkykoklh vk eSfFky dg,ckes ykt ykx, yxySd\ dksu dkj.k ts fefFkykd
lefUor laLd`fr] iqjkru bdkbds NksV&NksV dquckes VqVd izo`fkl ufg jksdy tk ldy\
dksuks Bked ifjp; vksr,d O;or cksyh] vkgkj&O;ogkjes HksVbNA dksuks Hkkkkes Hkkfkd
n`fV, dksuks egku O;fDrRod izknqHkkZo Hksykl Hkkkk {ks=d lhek Vfi] ladqfpr fpk&o`fkd
fuks/k d, viu izHkko foLrkj djSr vfNA fefFkykes dfodksfdy] vk/kqfud vk;ZHkkkkd ifgy
egkdfo fo|kifrd izknqHkkZo Hksykl] gqud dkseydkUr inkoyhd ek/;es caxky] vksfMkk vk
vlees eSfFkyh txtxkj HksyA eSfFkyhd leUo;d lax cztcqfy lkfgR;:ih uohu Hkkkkd
k`tu HksyA
vkb ekud eSfFkyhd vko;drkd ifjizs{;es fopkjd vfN ts izk;% lHk vk/kqfud
vk;ZHkkkkds izHkkfor dj;es l{ke eSfFkyh viufg {ks=es dksuk izHkkfoghu Hksy tk jgy
vfN! ,r; ,fg ,sfrgkfld rF;ds LiV djc vko;d ts tkfg tkfr] Hkkkk vks lkfgR;es
viu {ks=d lHk cksyhds] vksdj lc Lo:ids lesfVd j[kckd {kerk ufg jfg tkbr NSd]
vksdj cksyh lHk izk;% ewyes fLFkj jfgrks izdV Hkkkk;h Lo:il viukds nwj cq>, yxSr
NSdA bZgks rF; foysk.k vk vkRelkr~ djd fFkd ts ifjokZu vk lgthdj.k dksuks
Hkkkk&Hkkkhd lgt izo`fk gksbr NSdA tkSa vketud cksyhds fu;e&dkuwues ckfUg jk[kc
lEHko gksbrSd r oSfnd laLd`frl ykSfdd vk Qsj vksfgl <sj jkl Hkkkk lcgd O;qRifk
lEHko ufg gksbrSdA
lkfgR; gksbr NSd ifjd`r yksdd cksyh vk ifjd`r cksyh lkfgR; cfu xsykd ckn
fLFkj Hk tkbr NSd vk r[kufg ekud Lo:id fu/kkZj.k gksbr NSdA lkekU; tuHkkkkds]
[kkld ekr`Hkkkkds] O;kdj.k vks ekudd fu;e&ifjfu;ees ckfUg ctckd vH;kl ufg jgSr
vfNA lgtrkd izo`fk viu dkt djSr jgSr vfNA
oSfnd laLd`r vk ykSfdd laLd`res nqjko t[ku cslh Hk xsySd r
^ikf.kuh* ;FkkfLFkfrds cqf> cksyh fodkld vuq:i {ks=d foLrkj djckd ysy ^vVk/;k;h*
uked xzaFkd iz.k;u dsyfUg] eqnk Hkkkk yksdes ckUgy ufg jgyA iratfy t[ku
vVk/;k;hij Hkk; fy[k, yxykg r Qsj cksyhes ifjokZud izo`fkds O;kdj.kd lhekes
lesVckd iz;kl dsyfUg] eqnk rdjk ckn Hkkfkd kq)rkd izfr vfr vkxzg laLd`rds ek=
lkfgR; vk kks/kd fok; cuk nsydA
gejk yksdfu pwd d pqdy Nh] vkcgq psrckd le; vfNA ekudd eksg NksfM+
eSfFkyhd vk/kqfudhdj.kd vko;drk NSd tkfgl viu Hkkkk if<+ vk lqfu Hkkxyiqjl
oSkkyh] gkthiqj] eqtQjiqj] lhrke<+h] [kxfM+;k] csxqljk;] eqaxsj] iqf.k;k] fdkuxat]
lkgscxat] xksk] nso?kj vk e/kqcuh] njHkaxk] lgjlk] e/ksiqjk] leLrhiqj & lHk Bked lHk
yksdd n; LifUnr gksb] viuRo cq>,A
ekudhdj.kd vko;drkij fopkj djckl ifgus bZ vko;d ts lEiw.kZ eSfFkyh
{ks=d losZ{k.k gksA nqHkkZX;l ekuuh; tkWtZ fxz;lZud ipkr~ bZ Hk ufg ldy Ny vk
fLFkfrd okLrfod vkdyues vf/kdkak lkfgR;dkj vks leh{kd foQy vks mnklhu jgykgA
ge viu ^eSfFkyh Hkkkk vk ,dj fofo/k cksyh % okZeku lUnHkZes lkisf{kd foysk.k* fok;ij
kks/kd ees izk;% 1995l 2000 bZ0 /kfj lEiw.kZ {ks=d p;u vk izkFkfedrkd vk/kkjij
Hkkkkd O;ogkjd n`fV, losZ{k.k d,yA vksfg vk/kkjij ts rF; le{k vk,y ls LiV d
58

nsyd ts lkfgR; vks ekud Hkkkk drgq jg,] O;ogkjd n`fVl Hkkxyiqjl y, eqtQjiqj]
gkthiqj vk njHkaxk] e/kqcuhd vketud cksyhd vk/kkj ,dRo fnl cslh >qdy vfNA
cksy ,djaxkg Hk jgy vfNA
ge kgjd LFkkuij xke vk i<+qvkd LFkkuij ufg i<+y&fy[ky yksdl cksyhd
uewuk cslh laxzg d,ygqA laxfg ikjEifjd xhr] f[kLlk lHkij /;ku dsfUnzr d,ygqA
pEikj.kd lqxko] ift;jck] cxgh] pSuiqj] efglh dksVh vkfn xke tr, Hkkstiqjhl eSfFkyh
csl izHkkfor vfN] l yd eqtQjiqjd caxjk] dqjguh] cjdqjck] Nktu] pujgBh]
derkSy] iHkkSy] ij;kopuk] x<+kSok] e/kqcu] jtyk] efudkSyh] fo.kqiqj] xksf<+;kjh] tkjax]
Nruckjk] cygk] lqxk; ih] QkVk( oSkkyhd lSjiqj NNqvk] fgykyiqj] eqaxjkgh] ddjgVk]
[kM+xiqj] [kksjeiqj] Hkh[kuiqj] rS[kuiqj] rS;ciqj] fo.kqiqjx<+] [kxkSy] /kjgjk] ykokiqj] frrjk
( lhrke<+hd [kksih] FkqEgk] ck<+] /kulh] csykgh] esgfl;k] lgoktiqj] idM+h] eksguiqj] jsoklh
iNofj;k eSfFkyhd {ks=( leLrhiqjd gokliqj] ,dlhyk] e/kSiqj] pdfl;k] Nijk] yxqfu;k]
ckjh] Hkhjgk] Hkjokjh] nso<+k] gfjiqj] iSrxkek] lksuiqj] lkgiqj] dksygsVk] /kjeiqj] Bjgk(
csxqljk;d u;kxko] efVgkuh] cydkiqj] fNrjkSy] gkliqj] jkgriqj] jkenskh] MQjiqj]
csxeiqj] unhxat] ifj;k;] cfj;kj] jkeiqj] Hkxokuiqj ekudd fudVLFk {ks=( Hkkxyiqjd
xkslkbxke] ukSxfN;k( iqf.k;kd dksVgjck( e/ksiqjkd ljgn] iqjSuh( lgjlkd cuxko] pSuiqj]
djek] nsohiqj( njHkaxk&e/kqcuhes cSjeiqj] iVfu;k] jgqvk&laxzke] csykSapk] Hk[kjkbu] izlkn]
e/ksiqj] uxokl] lqUnjiqj( ejku] jktfojkt] fojkVuxj vkfn xkees cksyhd uewuk ,df=r
dsygq r bZ LiV Hksy ts 80l 90 izfrkr yksd leLr fefFkyk {ks=es vknjlwpd ^;m*@^;kS*
vk/kkfjr lEcks/ku NksfM+ ^gkS* vk ^jkS* vk/kkfjr eSfFkyh izk;% cyk/kkrd dkj.k lkekU;
ifjokZud lax ,Dds jax ctS NfFkA
Hkkxyiqj xksk] nso?kj] nqedk] lkgscxat vk eqaxsjd cksyh duseus fo|kifrdkyhu
eSfFkyhd Lo:iij vk/kkfjr NSdA vku lHk Bke ^gkS*&^jkS* vk/kkfjr lkekU; Hkkkk vk vknjkFkZ
^;kS*&^vius*d iz;ksx gksbr vfNA ^;kS*d iz;ksx oxZ vk fk{kkd vk/kkjij njHkaxk] e/kqcuh]
lgjlk] lqikSy] leLrhiqj vkfn txges fdNq cslh vk eqtQjiqj] nyflagljk;] csxqljk;
vkfn txges ^;m*@^;kS*d :ies vfr vknj] tsuk lef/k] tek;] dksuks vknj.kh; Hknz iq#k
vkfnd ysy gksbr vfNA ,fguk ^;S*d iz;ksx de vk ^gs*] ^gbZ*d iz;ksx csl gksbr vfNA
njHkaxk&e/kqcuhd czk.k vk dk;LFk oxZes ^;kS*d O;ogkj dusd cslh gksbr vfN vk
lj&dqVqekjses lHk xksVs vfuok;Z :is djSr NfFkA vku oxZd yksd ^gkS*d iz;ksx lokZf/kd
djSr vfN vk NksV f/kvk&iqrk vkfnd ysy ^jm*@^jkS*d iz;ksxA njHkaxk&e/kqcuhes tksygk
cksyhd lsgks dksuks vfLrRo ufg vfNA lkekU;r;k ^gkS*d lEcks/kukRed cksyh {ks=d vuqlkj
eqlyekuks lHk ctSr NfFkA g] ,dVk uo izo`fk ns[kckes vk;y ts njHkaxkd eqfj;k] lsbgk
vkfn {ks=es ts ^v;cw*] ^[k;cw*] ^>j g*] ^tkb g* vkfnd iz;ksx eqlyeku lHk dj, yxykg
vfN] eqnk ,dj vlfj kgjs lHk /kfj lhfer vfNA ksk lHk oxZes cki&fikh lHkds ^gkS*
dgckd izo`fkd lkekU;hdj.k Hk xsySd vfNA bZ izo`fk de i<+y&fy[ky czk.k xkees
czk.k lcgd ifjokjes lsgks NSd eqnk ^gkS*es lsgks gzLod iz;ksx gksbr NSd t[ku fd cslh
oxZ ^gm*@^gkS*ij tksj nSr vfNA ekud {ks=es iz;qDr cksyhd 90 izfrkr ^gkS* vk/kkfjr vfN
vk ek= 10 izfrkr ^;kS* vk/kkfjr vfNA ek= czk.kd ,d xksV kk[kk & lksbr czk.kes
^;kS*d iz;ksx vfuok;Z tdk gksbr vfN vk ^NSd* dsj lsgksA
rw] vks] bZ] ] ge] gEes] gejk] gejs] rksjk] rksjs] vks] vksdjk] ddjk] rdjk] gqudk]
fgudk] ,suh] vksuh] ,r,] vksr,] rr,] tr,] fg;k] gqvk] mgh] bZgs vkfnd O;ogkj loZ=
gksbr vfNA gquh] ghuh vkfnd iz;ksx Hkkxyiqj] nso?kj] xksk] lkgscxat {ks=es cslh vk eqaxsjes
lkekU;r;k iz;ksx gksbr vfN vk vku Bke deA fdNq vUrj cyk?kkres LiV gksbr vfNA
59

Hkkkkd Lo:id ts izLrqfr ,r; d,y vfN] rdj foysk.kl bZ LiV gksb, ts
kCn] loZuke] f;kin] foksk.k] lEcks/ku vkfnd vUrj cslh ufg vfN] ek= cyk?kkrl
vUrj LiV gksbr vfNA tsuk njHkaxk] e/kqcuh vk usiky {ks=es csVkds lEcks/ku ysy lHk dsvks
^jm*@^jkS*d iz;ksx djSr NfFkA xIi&lIid ees ns[ky ts ,fg {ks=es ^vius* kCnd iz;ksx
vknjkFkZ U;wusek=kd gksbNA g] Hkkxyiqj] eqaxsj vkfn iNofj;k eSfFkyhd {ks=es ,dj iz;ksx
vfr vknjes csl gksbr vfNA ^gm*@^gkS*d iz;ksx lkekU; <axs loZ= vfN vk
^g$m*@^g$vkS*d O;ogkj nh?kZ Lojij cyk?kkr gksbr vfNA ^;kS*d iz;ksx vknjkFkZ :is ,fg
{ks=es uhd tdk izpyues vfNA ^ek;* ds ^ek* vk ^eSa;k*d lEcks/ku csl izpfyr vfNA
nyflagljk;l Hkkxyiqj /kfj lHk Bke ^jm*@^jkS*d LFkkuij ^js*] ^jS*] ^gsjs* dsj iz;ksx
cgqyrkl gksbr vfNA
lkekU; O;ogkjes lHk oxZes ^gm*@^gkS* izpfyr vfNA ?kj&ctkj] Vksy&ViM+k
lkSals ,djs izpyu vfNA Jksf=; czk.kes lokZf/kd vk vku i<+y&fy[ky czk.k&dk;LFk
vkfnes JsBd ysy vk lj&dqVqEcd ysy ^;kS*d iz;ksx gksbr vfNA vku oxZ lHkes ijLij
JsBks lax O;ogkjes ^gkS* vk ^jS* rdjs iz;ksx gksbr vfNA lj&dqVqEcd izfr ^;kS*d O;ogkj
izpfyr vfNA tsuk mPp oxZ ^;m@;kS cSlw*d iz;ksx djSN] vku oxZes ^;kS cSBw@cSlqu*d
iz;ksx gksbNA rc] r[ku] r[kSu] r[kuh vkfnd iz;ksx czk.ksrj oxZes gksbr vfNA bZ izo`fk
ukxiqjhes lsgks ns[ky tkbr vfNA
pEikj.kl eqtQjiqj] gkthiqj] oSkkyh vkfn ihes] lhrke<+hes ^;kS*] ;$m&;m vk
viusd iz;ksx vknjlwpdes djSr vfNA ^gkS*d iz;ksx ,r, ^gkS* vk ^gks* & :id cslh gksbr
vfNA ^jkS*d ^jm* vk ^js*d iz;ksx lsgks cslh gksbr vfNA ,fg {ks=es pkSadhds gsaxk dgy tkbr
vfN vk ^yh*d iz;ksx ;Fkk dsUnzh; eSfFkyhd v;ykSa] xsykSa] [k;ykSa vkfn ,r, v;yh] xsyh]
[k;yh vkfn cfu tkbr vfNA ,Egj ^vfN* ds cnyk ^vN*] ^xsygq* ds cnyk ^xsyh* vkfnd
iz;ksxd ckgqY; vfNA Hkkstiqjhl lVy ihes ^rksjk*] ^rks*d lax ^jmjk*d iz;ksx lsgks gksbr
vfNA ^gkS* vk/kkfjr ^[kscgd*] ^,yg*] ^xsyg* vkfnd iz;ksx lkekU;:is.k gksbr NSA ^N* vk
^vN*d iz;ksxd lEcU/kes jkefoykl kekZ izkphu vo/khd Lo:i ekuSr NfFkA eqnk vo/kh&
eSfFkyhd izkphu n`fVdks.kd lEcU/k bZ vkp;Ztud ufg vfNA eSfFkyhes ^vfN*] ^N* ewyd
O;ogkj ;Fkk NS] Nb] vfN] vkfn vfN( ,dj ^Nb*d :i ^gb*d O;ogkj izk;% loZ=
fefFkykapyes gksbr vfNA ^N*d ^g* lgt cks/kxE; vfNA bZ ifjokZu lgthdj.kd lkekU;
fu;ed |ksrd vfNA ksk kCnkoyh] f;kin] vkfnes dksuks vUrj ufg vfNA ewy ekx/khd
bZ izo`fk ifjdkjds ifjd`r d Qsj viu LokHkkfod izHkko cuk ysyd vfNA
,Egj lgjlk] lqikSy] iqf.kZ;k /kfjd Hkkkkes ^;kS*d iz;ksx ikgqu&ij[k vk vfr
vknj.kh;d lUnHkZes ek= ksk vfNA ,r, ^gkS* vk ^gks*d iz;ksx laxfg gksbr vfN & ,yghUg]
xsyghUg] ygd] gkS ;Fkk HkSal nqgSr gks gmA ^ge*d ^gesa* :id iz;ksx cslh gksbr vfNA
v;ckS] [k;ckSd iz;ksx lsgks gksbr vfNA ,fguk ^gb*d iz;ksx csl gksbr vfNA k] k] l dsj
fdNq {ks=es ^N*es ifjokZu Hk tkbr vfNA k] d] r] N :i loZ= O;or vfNA
leLrhiqj] eqaxsj] nyflagljk;] [kxfM+;k] cjkSuh vkfn {ks=es dusd nh?khZdj.kd
izo`fk cslh NSdA ^;kS*d iz;ksx foksk voljij gksbr vfN vk ^gkS*d Lo:i ^gks* gksbr ek%
eqaxsj tkbr ^gks* vk/kkfjr Hk tkbr vfNA ns[kgks] xsygks] [ksygks] rks] rw] gsjs] gsjS] djcgh]
[kscgh] gS] gb] gfFk] gfr vkfnd iz;ksx cslh gksbr vfNA csxwljk; tkbr cksyh dus cslh
cyk?kkr f;kin vk lHk /kkrqd iz;ksxes gkse, yxSr vfN] eqnk :i /kfj vks,g gks] jS]
js] ,cgh] ,cgks] ns[kcgh vkfnd iz;ksx vfNA
Hkkxyiqj] xksk vkfnes tsuk ,cg$vks] tscg$vks] es$vkuqukfld fcUnqd iz;ksx gksbr
vfN vk ,cgks] ,cgksa] tscgksa Hk tkbr vfNA ,r; lEcU/k cks/kd fudV funsZkd loZuke
60

fguh] gquh] fgu vkfnd iz;ksx gksbr vfNA fNd] fNdS] fNdkS vkfnd iz;ksx izpyues vfNA
njHkaxk] e/kqcuh] lgjlk] loZ= fNd] fNdS] NS vkfnd iz;ksx gksbNA ^fFkd*d iz;ksx
e/kqcuh;ks&njHkaxkes ufg, tdk vfNA ifgus ts ^fFkd*d iz;ksx gksbr Ny] rdjs lkekU;:is
^fNd*] ^Nh*d iz;ksx gksbr vfNA eqaxsjd {ks=es ,dj iz;ksx de o cslh izpyues vfNA
fFkd&fNd dsj ^d* lsgks iz;ksx ck Hk jgy vfNA
fxz;lZu lkgscd fNdk&fNdh cksyh lEiw.kZ eSfFkyhd ysy iz;ksx d,y tk ldSr
vfN] us fd eqaxsj vk Hkkxyiqj eSfFkyhdA eksgs] rksgs] rksgjk] rs vkfnd iz;ksx ,r, cslh gksbr
vfNA ,rnfrfjDr ekjokM+h$eSfFkyh fefJr] Hkkstiqjh$eSfFkyhd iz;ksx njHkaxkes gksbr vfN &
fokskd ekjokM+h lHkes vk lkdyf}ih; czk.k lHkesA ukxiqjh Hkkkhes tk; jgy] [kk;
jgy] vknjkFkZ vius] gh] ge] gke] djs] js] bZ] xkS] mudj] budj] vkmj] ,yd] xsyd
vkfnd iz;ksx ns[ky tkbr vfNA
foksk.kd mTtj /ki/ki & drgq mTtj nini( dkjh [kV[kV & L;kg dkjh ok
dfj;k dqpdqp( fivj <qbl & fivj dihl( yky VqgVqg & Vqg yky( gfjvj dap & gfjvj
dpksj vkfnd iz;ksx loZ= gksbr vfNA rheu] rhmu] Hkksj] fHkulj vkfn iz;ksxes lkSals vfNA
ge] gesa] rks] rw] rksgw] vks] vksdjk] vksdjs] vksdjgs] [kbyh] xbyh] [ksyg] [ksygks] [ksygd]
l,g izpfyr vfNA vUrj ek= mPpkj.kes cyk?kkr vk mkjl ifpe fnl] vk$vks
mPpkj.kd c<+Sr izo`fkes vfNA
mij of.kZr mPpkj.kxr vUrj ns[kykl ,d xksV rF; LiV Hk tkbr vfN ts
eSfFkyhd lEiw.kZ {ks=es Hkkkk;h lekurk] lgthdj.kd izo`fkd dkj.ks cf<+ xsy vfNA ,dVk
vkvksj rF; mHkfj d vkxk vk;y ts Hkkkk lax lUu)rkd ro bZ vfN ts lEcks/kud
rhuVk kSyh ^;kS*] ^gkS* vk ^jkS* loZ= iz;ksx gksbr vfNA ^gkS*d ^gks* vk ^jkS*d ^jS*es cnyc
lgtrkl lEHko vfNA vfguk ^Nb* vk ^gb*d iz;ksxes ^N*d ^g*es cnyc lkekU; xIi vfN
vk ,djk jkefoykl kekZ ,oa lqHknz >k lsgks ekU; ekuyfUg vfNA ,fguk [k;ykSa] [k;ygks]
[ksygks] [k;yh] [ksyh vkfnd iz;ksxes dksuks vUrj ufg vfirq lgthdj.kd izo`fkds mtkxj
djSr vfNA
fxz;lZu lkgscd tksygk cksyhd dksuks vfLrRo gejk ufg HksVyA eqlyeku lHk
tkfg {ks=es jgSr NfFk] rsgus Hkkkk ctSr NfFkA Hkkxyiqj vk njHkaxkd eqlyekud cksyhes
mPpkj.kxr fHkUurk r Hk ldSr vfN] eqnk e/kqcuh&njHkaxkd lkekU; yksd vk eqlyeku
yksdfud Hkkkkes dksuks vUrj ufgA f;kind fr;Zd Lo:i loZ= izpyues vfNA ijap
O;kdj.kl nwj ,[kugq dksuks {ks=d Hkkkk ufg Hksy vfNA lEiw.kZ fefFkyk {ks=es e/;e iq#k
vk/kkj kCn] mPpkj.k kSyh vfr vknjkFkZ ^;kS* vkfnd LFkku xzg.k d, ysyd vfNA ,r; bZ
LiV dj; pkgSr Nh ts ,djgq dksuks t:jr ufg] fd,d r ^gkS* vk ^jkS* f;kines vks] vksa]
b] yh] gb vk/kkfjr iz;ksx loZ= gksbr vfNA lEiw.kZ fefFkykapyes 90 izfrkr yksdes
f;kind foLr`r :i ^;kS*] ^gkS* vk ^jkS* vk/kkfjr kSyhes ,cgd] ,cgks] ,cgw] tk,c] tscgd]
tscgks] tscgw] v;rS] ,rS] t;rS] tsr;S] tscghu] tscgh vkfnd iz;ksx cf<+ xsy vfNA fyax
Hksn esVk jgy vfNA f;kind tfVyrk foLr`r v/;;ud vis{kk j[kSr vfNA
bZ r Hksy eSfFkyhd {ks=h; ifjfLFkfrA vkc izu vfN eSfFkyh ys[ku ijEijkd
ekudhdj.kd vko;drkdA ,fg lEcU/kes O;kogkfjd n`fVdks.k vko;dA ,fg Hkkfkd
rF;d vogsyuk ufg d,y tk ldSr vfN ts ekudhdj.k Hkkkkd fyf[kr Lo:ies ,d#irk
r vuSr vfN] ys[ku ijEijkds ekudd vuqdwy vuqkkflr r j[kSr vfN] eqnk jkt&dkt
vks dk;kZy;h O;ogkjd vfuok;Zrkl brj Hkkkkds vksdj Hkkfkd leqnk;l nwjks d nSr vfNA
mnkgj.k laLd`rd nsy tk ldSr vfN ts ekudhdj.kd ekin.M vfN] oSKkfud :is
ifjd`r vfN] eqnk ,dj Hkkfkd ifj{ks=d okfpd ijEijk viuk xfr, pySr jgy vk ,dj
61

vkFkfjij <sj jkl Hkkkkd mRFkku Hksy tdjk gejk yksdfu uohu Hkkjrh; Hkkkk dgSr NhA
eSfFkyh lsgks vksghesl ,d vfNA rkRi;Z ts =qfVjfgr ekudhdj.k] O;kdj.k vk HkkkkkkL=d
vuqkklul iw.kZr;k vuqkkflr uohu Hkkjrh; Hkkkk lcgd tuuh laLd`rd O;kid foLrkj
/kkfjd j{kk ufg Hk ldy r bZ bldqyh fk{kkl dfr;k,y xsy] jkt&dktl /kfd;k,y
xsy] Kku&foKkul nwj Hksy vk viu okfpd ijEijk vk lkfgfR;d ifjikVhd cys ek=
vfLrRo cukSus jgckes dksuks rjgs vkb /kfj lQy vfNA rSa eSfFkyhd ys[ku ijEijkd
ekudhdj.kl drck /kfj fgr Hk ldr & ls izu Bk<+ djSr vfNA
,fg lEcU/kes eSfFkyh leh{kkd LrEHkiq#k vkpk;Z jekukFk >k lsgks }U}es NfFkA
eSfFkyhd okZeku leL;kd lEcU/kes gqud dgc NfUg & ^eSfFkyhd Lo:i dh ekuc\ bZ
Hkkkk dksu fFkd\ ,dj lhek dh ekuy tk,\ ,fg lHk izud mkjij gejk yksdfud Hkfo;
fuHkZj vfNA dh e/kqcuh lc&fMfotud Hkkkk lsgks ek= fkVtud eSfFkyh fFkd\ iqjSfuk]
Hkkxyiqj] nqedk] iykew] csfrvk] eqtQjiqj] usiky] rjkb bR;kfnd Hkkkk eSfFkyh ufg fFkd\
vFkok vksfg lcfgd Hkkkkds HkzV dgcSd\* vkpk;Z ges&rksgs] fguh&gqfu vkfn loZuked
iz;ksxds fokq) eSfFkyh ekuSr NfFk vk eSfFkyh ys[ku ijEijkij vfHker nSr NfFk & ^ge
pkgSr Nh ts fefFkykd fHkUu&fHkUu vapyd yksd viufg Hkkkkes cktfFk] viufg Hkkkkes
fy[kfFkA* vksuk vks ,sfrgkfld vk lkfgfR;d dkj.ks eSfFkyhd ekudhdj.kd vko;drk lsgks
Lohdkj djSr NfFkA
^?kj&ckgj*d tuojh&ekpZ] 2005d vades ia0 xksfoUn >k uorqfj;k ys[kdx.kd
LoPNUn ys[kud izo`fkds ekudhdj.k vks orZuhd ,drk LFkkfir djckes ck/kd ekuSr
NfFkA ,fg lUnHkZes MkW0 jekuUn >k ^je.k*] ^lfe/kk* if=dkd fkfkj 2009d vades fy[kSr
NfFk & ^eSfFkyhds lHkl cslh ts izHkkfor d,yd vfN ,oa d, jgy vfN] ls fFkd nsoukxjh
fyfies fgUnh&Hkkkh {ks=l eSfFkyh if=dkd izdkkuA* bZ dus vrkfdZd lu cq>kbr vfNA
fefFkyk {ks=l vkb;ks dksuks rsgu if=dk ufg cgjkbr vfN r dh vksfguk NksfM+ nsc mfpr
Ny vkfd mfpr vfN\ iVuk] teksniqj] dksydkrk] fnYyh] xkSgkVh] jk;iqj vkfn fefFkyk
{ks=d ckgjl fudySr if=dk ok dh iwoZes t;iqj] okjk.klh vkfn txgl fudyy
i=&if=dk eSfFkyhd ys[kuLo:i fLFkj djckes egoiw.kZ Hkwfedkd fuoZgu dsyd vfN\
vkc vkm ekudhdj.kd vko;drkijA r vkc xaxkes ikfu csl cfg pqdy vfNA
T;ksfrjhoj&fo|kifrl yd vkb /kfjd vuojr ys[ku ijEijk eSfFkyh ys[ku ijEijkd
ekudhdj.k d nsyd vfNA izk;% uCcs izfrkr eSfFkyh ys[kdd ys[ku kSyhes ,d#irk
ifjyf{kr vfNA tkSa fdNq xksV; dkjd psUg gVfcrks NfFk r lEiknd fdaok izdkku laLFkku
vksdjk lVk nSr NfUgA vkc tkSa ekudhdj.kd vFkZ vO;kogkfjd vk O;ogkjd ck :id
izpyu gks r xIi nkslj gks;rA fFkd&Nhd&Nh&NSd&Nb&NS&gb f;k ekudd vf/kdkjh
vfNA ^tkbr vfN*ds ^tkbN* fy[kc vkq) vfN fd,d r bZ okfpd iz;ksxes ufg vfNA
dUuM+ lkfgR; le`) vfN eqnk fy[kckd flekSxk kSyh vk caxyq# kSyh nquw ekU;A
rs vko;drk r vfN ekudhdj.kd eqnk foLrkjd laxA kqf)d ukeij ladqfpr fopkj
j[kykl eSfFkyh Hkkkk vk lkfgR;d nquwd vfgr gks;rA rs okfpd :ikUrjds ekudes LFkku
nsus fcuq eqtQjiqjl nso?kj /kfjd eSfFkyhds lesVc lEHko ufgA ge eSfFkyh ys[ku
ijEijkd okZeku Lo:ids ekudhdj.kd ukeij ladqfpr djckd i{kikrh ufg Nh] fd,d r
viu kks/kd ees ge fefFkykd izk;% lHk {ks=d mPpkj.kl voxr NhA g] kCnd vkqf)]
okD; foU;kl] ,d#irk vkfn fopkj.kh; vfNA
vUres ge Maithili : Some Aspects of its Phonetics and Phonologyes
lquhy dqekj >kd fopkjl lgefr O;Dr djSr Nh & Written Maithili is now quite
standard like any other languages but there has always existed a great diversity
62

in the spoken realisations of this language, in terms of the speech sounds used in
different parts and by different sections of the Maithili-speaking community.

rkRi;Z ts ekudhdj.kd izuds fojke fnvA g] orZuhd ,drk gsckd pkgh] ls

izk;% Hk pqdy vfNA duseus ts ckpy vfN] lsgks Hk tk;rA ekudhdj.kd m|s;d
ifjf/kd foLrkj gks;ckd pkghA Hkkfkd {ks=d O;kogkfjd fLFkfrds /;kues j[kSr cgqla[;d
Hkkoukd vuq:i ekudhdj.k Hkkkk ysy] Hkkfkd leqnk; ysy vko;d] us fd ek= cqf)
foykl ysy] O;kdj.kd fu;ed ysyA
^,uh* es ^,Egj*] ^vksuh* es^ vksEgj*] ^v[kuh* es^ ,fg[ku*] ^;S* vk ^js* es ^;kS* vk ^gkS*]
^v;cgks* vk ^t;cgks* es ^vk;c* vk ^tk;c* lesr lHk cksyhds lesfV ekud eSfFkyhd
laxs ,djgq leku vknj iznku d, dhfkZ flag vk fko flagl fi.M NksM+k, yksfjd vk
lygsld cksyhd lkfu/;es eSfFkyh lkfgR;ds Mqcdh yxkc, iM+rA lkfgfR;d Hkkkk o
eSfFkyhd ys[ku kSyhd vk/kkj lajpukds cnyc r lEHko ufg] ijap vLlh izfrkr yksdd
cksyds lkfgR;l nwj jk[kc Hkkkkd ysy mfprks ufgA ekud Hkkkkd lsgks mikns;rk fl)
dj;ckd gsrq bZ mi;ksxh gks;rA rs eSfFkyh lkfgR;d mikns;rkd foysk.kd ees ts rF;
mtkxj gksbr vfN] ls bZ fFkd ts leLr cksyhds lkfgR;es lekosfBr djc] ekud Hkkkkd
vkxzgds NksfM+ tulkekU;d Hkkkkd vknj iznku djc] ekud Hkkkkd {ks=ds foLr`r ifjf/k
iznku djc vkb lek;ksftr vfNA
lUnHkZ %
1- jekukFk >k vk fefFkyk Hkkkk] MkW0 jekuUn >k ^je.k*] i`0 & 9
2- v/;{kh; Hkkk.k] eSfFkyh x| foHkkx] vf[ky Hkkjrh; eSfFkyh egklEesyu
i`0 & 3] mYys[k & jekukFk >k vk fefFkyk Hkkkk] MkW0 jekuUn >k ^je.k*] i`0 & 15
3- eSfFkyhd Lo:i vks ys[kkSyh] thoukFk jk; fefFkyk fefgj] vad & 11 fnlEcj] 1915l
4- btksr] vad & 11 o 12] okZ & 1
5- btksr] 1960] mYys[k & jekukFk >k vk fefFkyk Hkkkk] MkW0 jekuUn >k ^je.k*] i`0 & 25
6- eSfFkyh Hkkkkd fodkl] ia0 xksfoUn >k] i`0 & 26
7- eSfFkyh Hkkkk vk ,dj fofo/k cksyh kks/k izcU/k] MkW0 vkksd ^vfopy*
8- tkWtZ vk czk.k fxz;lZu & Hkkjrh; Hkkkkd losZ{k.k
9- eSfFkyh Hkkkkd fodkl] ia0 xksfoUn >k] i`0 & 47
10- eSfFkyh Hkkkkd fodkl] ia0 xksfoUn >k] i`0 & 52
11- izoklh] fnlEcj] 1995
12- la/kku] tuojh] 1997
vk/kkj lzkrs % eSfFkyh Hkkkk vk ,dj fofo/k cksyh % okZeku lUnHkZes lkisf{kd foysk.k] kks/k
izcU/k] MkW0 vkksd ^vfopy*
i`B&43d kskkak
3- eksgu Hkkj}kt & jkedFkkd ,sfrgkfld i`BHkwfe vk pUnz jkek;.k] vuojr iksFkh
4- eksgu Hkkj}kt & cypuek % i`BHkwfe vk izLFkku iksFkh
5- dkphukFk >k ^fdj.k* & dfooj pUnk >kd dfoRo kfDr] fdj.k lexz
6- jekukFk >k & dohoj pUnk >k] vkpk;Z jekukFk >k jpukoyh
7- jekukFk >k & dohoj pUnk >k] vkpk;Z jekukFk >k jpukoyh
8- t;dkUr feJ & eSfFkyh lkfgR;d bfrgkl
63

ds fy[kr ukVd\
& Jh iznhi fcgkjh
eSfFkyh, ufg] Hkkjrd vku&vku Hkkkk lHkes lsgks ekSfyd ukVd fy[kfugkj cM+ FkksM+
NfFkA ,[kugq lkfgR;d vku fo/kkd vis{kk ukVd fy[kfugkjd la[;k de vfNA ukVd
fy[kfugkjd la[;k de gks;c fpUrkd fok; fFkdA vksuk] t la[;k vk vfHkys[kd n`fV,
ns[ky tk, r eSfFkyhes de ukVd ufg fy[kk,y vfN] eqnk jaxeaph; n`fVl cgqr jkl
ukV~; jpuk Qkbys /kfj jgck ;ksX; izrhr Hksy vfNA
bZ xIi cjkscfj gksbr jgy vfN ts jaxeapd ysy ukVd gksv, ok ukVdd ysy
jaxeap\ ,fg }U}ij cgqr jkl fpUrk O;Dr d,y xsy vfNA gejk tuSr bZ fpUrk]
dky&lkis{k fFkdA ls t ufg] r ^/kzqoLokfeuh*d eapu ,d le; ,fg nqvkjs ufg gksbr Ny
ts bZ eaph; ukVd ufg vfN] ekus bZ jaxeapd n`fVdks.kl ufg fy[ky xsy vfNA eqnk
gscfues ^/kzqoLokfeuh*d drksd lQy eapu Hksy vfNA eSfFkyhes lsgks cgqr jkl ,gu ukV~;
jpuk vfN tkfgij eaph; ufg gks;ckd eksgj ykfx xsy vk pkSisry iM+y vfNA rkfg le;
jaxeapd viu lhek jgSdA jaxeapd dSuokl cgqr foLr`r HksySd vfNA eSfFkyhes lsgks
izfrHkkoku vk n`fV lEiUu jaxdehZ NfFk] ts ,fg izdkjd dkt d ldSr NfFkA
eSfFkyhes ewy ukVd fy[kfugkjd la[;k vkxqjij xuy tkboyk vfNA ts dsvks
NfFk] rkfges cM+ FkksM+ NfFk ts ukV~; ys[kuds viu ys[kdh; izfrc)rkd :ies Lohdkjus
NfFkA eSfFkyhes lkfgR;d vku fo/kkd vis{kk izR;sd c[kZ drsd ukVdd iksFkh vcSr vfN]
rdj fLFkfr ns[kus lgtfga ukV~; ys[kud nkfjnz~;d vuqeku yxkvksy tk ldSr vfNA
ekSfyd ukV~; ys[kud vHkko dFkk ok dkO; eapuds yksdfiz; cukSyd vfNA ekSfyd
ukVd ufg fy[ky t;ckd ok ukVddkjd mnklhurkd dkj.k rkdy tk;c vko;d lu
Hk xsy vfNA ukVddkjds ukV~; ys[kud izfr mnklhu gks;ckd ok Hk t;ckd ysy
lkfgR; vk jaxeap & nquw mkjnk;h vfNA
tfg;k fdNq ukVdds jaxeapd n`fV, vuqi;ksxh ekfu ysy tkbr Ny] vksgw le;
ukVddkj mnkl gksbr NykgA vkb ukV~; laLFkkd vHkko Hksy tk jgy vfNA xkees ukV~;
eapud ijEijkes fnukuqfnu gzkl Hk jgy vfNA xke lHkes vkc ukVd de [ksyy tkbr
vfNA dkj.k] xkees vkc yksds ufg vfNA mifV xsy vfN xkeA tkfg ikcfu&frgkj lHkd
voljij ukVd [ksyk;y tkbr Ny] rkfg ikcfu&frgkjes vkc Hkh0lh0vkj0 ok lh0Mh0l
cEcS;k fQfye ns[kkvksy tk jgy vfNA ukVddkj ,gwl mnklhu gksbr NfFkA
vksuk] xzkeh.k jaxeapd gzkld cgqr jkl dkj.k Hksy vfNA ikjlh fFk,Vjd
vo/kkj.kkl vk/kqfud jaxeapd vorj.k /kfjd cgqr jkl lUnHkZ NSd] ts dkj.k cuy vfNA
xked cnySr lkekftd vk vkfFkZd ifjosk lsgks ,dVk dkj.k cuy vfNA kgjd pld
lsgks ,dVk dkj.k dgy tk ldSr vfN] [kkgs vks l[ks gksv, ok etcqfj,A vksuk] ,fg
fok;ij xIi ,r; vHkhV ufg] rs ,djk ,rfg NksfM+ ukV~; ys[kud nkf;Roij fpUru djc
cslh lehphu cq>kbr vfNA
ukVd fy[kfugkjds lkfgR;d yksd jaxeapd tho ekuSr NfFk vk jaxeapd yksd
lkfgR;dA bZ ,dVk fofp= fcMEcuk fFkdA ukVddkj f>f>j dksuk [ksykbr jgSr NfFkA
dksuks ukV~; d`fr r[kus i<+y tkbr vfN] t[ku vksdj eapud izLrko gksbr NSdA
dFkk&dfork tdk ukVd vkb;ks ufg i<+y tkbr NSdA ukVddkjds us lkfgR; fnll
leqfpr izksRlkgu HksVSr Nfu vk us jaxeap fnllA jaxeapd vktqd fLFkfr r bZ cfu xsy
vfN ts vks jaxeap dksuks ukVdd iznkZu d vksfg ukVddkjij midkj djSr vfNA
64

,fg lUnHkZes ge fgUnhd dFkkdkj&ukVddkj lqjsUnz oekZd ppZ djc mfpr cq>Sr
NhA ^eq>s pkn pkfg,*l trsd izkfLr@yksdfiz;rk lqjsUnz oekZds HksVyfu] rkfgl iwoZ djhc
ckjg xksV ukVd fy[kugq gqudk ufg HksfV ldyfuA t[ku fd ukVdds yksdl tqM+ckd
lks> fo/kk ekuy tkbr jgy vfNA
gejk yxSr vfN ts ,fg gsrq gejk yksdfud vkykspuk i)fr lsgks de nkskh ufg
vfNA vkykspuk deZes ts ukeojh yksd ykxy NfFk] tkfu ufg fd,d vks yksdfu ukVdd
vkykspuk@leh{kkds egoiw.kZ ckr ufg ekfu jgy NfFkA ok r vks ukV~; ys[kuds nkslj&
rslj Js.khd ys[ku ekuSr NfFk ok ukV~;kykspuk gsrq visf{kr ukVd vk jaxeapd n`fV Lo;aes
ufg icSr NfFk] ok Qsj vkykspukd ukeojh jSadd VkWi Vsues viu LFkku ,dk/k ikSnku
?kqldSr ns[kSr NfFkA
nkslj ih<+hd ts vkykspukdehZ NfFk] gqud dgc gksbr Nfu ts gqud ckr ds
ekur\ ge VkWi Vsues drgq jgcg] r[ku us fdNq d ldcg Hkkb ukVddkj! ifgus r gejk
VkWi Vsues us iBcgA
fofp= Hk;kvksu fLFkfrd chp thfc jgy NfFk ukVddkjA vks ek= lkfgfR;d
Hk;kogrkd chp ufg thcSr vfN] eaph; Hk;kogrk lsgks vksdj fLFkfrds nk#.k cucSr NSdA
ukV~;kkL=es Hkjr ukVdd ifgy ro ^oLrq*ds ekuSr NfFkA ^oLrq* ekus Hksy
dFkkoLrqA ukVdd dFkkoLrq vk ukV~;kys[k ukVddkj x<+Sr&cquSr NfFkA fFk,Vjes ukVddkj
ds egoiw.kZ LFkku nsy t;ckd pkghA
fFk,Vjd ckjses vkb ,dVk izu cjkscfj mBkvksy t,ckd pkgh ts fFk,Vj ddj\
ukVddkjd] fd funsZkdd] fd vfHkusrkd] fd usiF;d jaxdehZd vkfd lHkd\ ledkyhu
fFk,Vjij utfj ilkjus r lkQs >ydSr vfN ts fFk,Vj vkj ddjgq ufg] ek= funsZkdd
fFkdA vksuk] vktqd cnySr le;es fFk,Vj tkfg rjgs viu seds rksM+Sr utfj vkfc jgy
vfN] rkfgl yxSr vfN ts fFk,Vj vkc funsZkdd gkFkl cgkj Hk fMtkbujd vktqjes tk
jgy vfNA ,guk fLFkfres] fFk,Vjes ukVddkjds rkdc cM+ t:jh ckr cq>y t,ckd pkghA
vkb vksgh ukVddkjd ukVdd eapu Hk jgy vfN ts dksuks&us&dksuks jaxeaph;
laLFkkl tqM+y NfFk ok dksuks&us&dksuks funsZkdd fiz; ik= cuy NfFk ok Qsj Lo;a viu
ukV~; laLFkk pyk jgy NfFkA
fFk,Vj vkb tkfg ukVdd eapu d jgy vfN] rdj ukV~; oLrq izs{kkx`ges nkZd
/kfj vcSr&vcSr ukes ysy ukVddkjd jfg tkbr NfuA oLrq funsZkdd Hk tkbr NfuA
funsZkd tsuk pkgSr NfFk] izLrqr djSr NfFkA dFkkd vkRek ok ys[kdd vkRekds ts dpksV
gksfuA
cgq/kk bZ ns[ky tkbr vfN ts] ts ukVddkj funsZkdd lax viu ckr eu;ckd
tksj nSr NfFk] gqudkij jax&n`fVd vHkkod eksgj yxSr Nfu ok vfxyk csjl gqud
ukVdd eapu gks;c cUu Hk tkbr NfuA rs ukV~; ys[kud Lo:i ukVddkjd vuqlkjs
ufg] funsZkdd vuqlkjs fu/kkZfjr gkse ykxy vfN vk ukVddkj ^Qjekblh* ukV~; ys[ku
kq#g d jgy NfFkA
fcgkfM+d fnkkes ihB d;fugkj ukVddkj Qjekblh fy[kc izkjEHk djSr NfFkA
fcgkfM+d foijhr Nkrh j[kfugkj ukVddkj ,fg nakds HkksxSr&HkksxSr viu fo/kk cnfy ySr
NfFkA jpuk deZ r LokUr% lq[kk; ysy lsgks NSdA nkslj xIi bZ ts vku&vku fo/kkes ,fgl
dEes esgufres yksdfiz;rk vk LFkkiR; HksfV tkbr Nfu r dksu t:jh NSd ts ukVds
fy[kfFk\

65

eSfFkyh cky lkfgR; % mn~Hko vks fodkl

& Jh fko dqekj >k ^fVYyw*
dksuks Hkkkk&lkfgR; rk/kfj fodkld ysy ckV tksgSr jgr vFkkZr~ viw.kZ ekuy tk,r
tk/kfj vksfges okZeku vk Hkfo;d ysy dksuks lqfu;ksftr O;oLFkk ufg gqv,A ,fg ees
thoud ifgyqd ikBkkykd Nk=&Nk=k vFkkZr~ usuk oxZes ekr`Hkkkkd izfr psruk vksfg
lkfgR;d fodkld ysy vfuok;Z O;oLFkk ekuy tk ldSNA LokHkkfod NSd] Hkksjes mxSr
lq#td lks>k tkSa dfj;k es?k ufg ykxy gqv, r yksd lgt vuqeku djSr NfFk ts fnu
lkQ jgrA rs Hkksj vFkkZr~ usuk oxZes vksgsu jpukd izfr laosnukhyrk txkvksy tk, tkfgl
fgudkes Hkkkk&lkfgR;d izfr euksoSKkfud psruk tkx,A
vkc izu mBSr vfN ts cky lkfgR; ddjk dgh\ ,fg ysy lHkl ifgus fu/kkZfjr
dj, iM+r ts cky oxZes fdudk jk[ky tk,A lkfgR;dkj xtsUnz Bkdqjd ers cky oxZd
rhu :i gksbN &
1
fkkq vFkkZr~ usuk oxZ
% 00 & 05 c[kZ
2
cky oxZ
% 05 & 12 c[kZ
3
fdkksj oxZ
% 12 & 18 c[kZ
usuk oxZd ysy ljl yksjh xhr vk fp=dFkk 3 & 5 c[kZd usuk ysy mi;qDr
ekuy tk,A cky oxZd ysy ekfVd lksguxj y?kqdFkk] xhr vkfn jpuk lax nskdkyd
kfUrxhr] pqVqDdk] gkL;dFkk vkfn vko;d vfNA fdkksj oxZd ysy ckyi|] pqVqDdk]
ckydFkkl yd fopkjewyd lkfgR;d lax&lax cky xty cky xty fdNq fnu iwoZfga
eSfFkyh lkfgR;es vfLrRoes vk;y vfuok;Z vk izklkafxd vfNA
eSfFkyh cky lkfgR;d mo ,fg tuHkkkkd mo dkyfgaes Hk xsy ,uk ekuy tkbr
vfNA ,fg rjgd ekU;rk vk okLrfodrk lsgks ts ,fg fo/kkds vksfg dkyes Qjkd :i ufg
nsy xsyA ,fg Hkkkkes cky lkfgR;d ifgyqd Nkg egkdfo fo|kifrd inkoyh vk eucks/kd
d`.k tUees HksVSr NSdA vksuk ,fg nquw dkO;es usukd ysy fdNq foksk ufg eqnk ,dj fdNq
HkfDr in fk{kkd vkpjes i,j ilkj;oyk fdkksjes thoud f=in & uhfr] k`axkj vks oSjkX;
lEcU/kh Kkud ysy fdNq gn /kfj mi;ksxh izekf.kr HksyA dgckd ysy r cky lkfgR;ij
cgqr jkl izkphu jpukdkj fy[kus NfFk eqnk izFker% rRle :is.k fcEcd foysk.kA rs cky
eksuij vksfg jpuk lHkd dksuks izHkko ufgA cky lkfgR;d ysy lkfgR; jll cksjy fcEcd
dksuks iz;kstu ufgA ,fg rjgd jpukes usuk eksud k`axkj gks;ckd pkghA tsuk &
^^vke Nw vejkSjk Nw] ckck xkNhd vkSjk Nw
usuiu chfr xsyS] dsdjk dkues dgcS dw**
uhfr lEcU/kh cky lkfgR;d vUrxZr lhrkjke >kd ^fk{kk lq/kk*] tulhnud ^uhfr
inkoyh*] osnkuUn >kd ^jRucVqvk* izeq[k vfNA fk{kk lEcU/kh cky lkfgR;es xksfoUn >kd
^ikdy vke* vk fdj.k thd ^izHkkr dfork* izeq[k vfNA eSfFkyh lkfgR;es dkaph ukFk >k
fdj.kd ^ohj izlwu* ifgyqd cky dFkk laxzg fFkdA MkW0 czt fdkksj oekZ ef.kin~ed
^Hkkjrhd fcykfM+* 1978 bZ0 ifgyqd cky miU;kl fFkdA lqeuthd cky i| iz/kkur%
rRle fefJr gksbr Nyfu eqnk fkkq ekfld if=dkd vks lEiknd Nykg tkfges rU=ukFk
>kd ^ckuj* vk bZkukFk >kd ^oUnuk* cky i| Niy NyA
vksfg dkyd pfpZr dfo e/kqid xhr cky lkfgR;l Hkjy ufg jfgrgq ckyd.Bd
xhr cfu xsy NyA i=&if=dkes ^cVqd* vk ^/khvk&iwrk* lu i=&if=dk cky lkfgR;ds
if.kdcSr jgy tkfges ljl dfo bZkukFk] lqeu] fdj.k] ;k=h] vej] vkjlh vk /khjsUnz lu
66

dfod cky i| NiSr NyA ^fefFkyk fefgj*d cky LrEHkes MkW0 Jhd`.k feJd ^vxznwr*
mYys[kuh; cky lkfgR; jgyA gfjeksgu >k] jktdey] lqHkkk pUnz ;kno] eU=soj >k vk
jkenso >k lu jpukdkjd fdNq dFkk cky lkfgR;d rol foeq[k jfgrgq cky oxZd e/;
fiz; jgyA
vk/kqfud dkyd jpukdkjes thodkUr thd rhu xksV cky i| laxzg Nfu & ^xkN
>wy >wy*] ^Nkg lksgkvksfu* vk ^f[kf[kjd fcvfj*A fl;kjke >k ljl dsj ^Qwy frryh vk
rqycqy* JsB cky lkfgR;d Js.khes jk[ky tk ldSNA xtsUnz Bkdqjd fofo/kk ladyu
^dq#{ks=e~ vUreZud*d lkre [k.M ^cky e.Myh vk fdkksj txr* usuk&HkqVdkd ysy
fy[ky xsy fofo/kk fFkd tkfges lkfgR;d lexz fo/kkes cky vkRekds Nwckd iz;kl d,y
xsy vfNA xtsUnz Bkdqj jfpr cky ukVd ^tyksnhi* vk cky dFkk laxzg ^v{kjeqfVdk* lsgks
cky lkfgR;d vewY; fuf/k fFkdA
eSfFkyhd ifgyqd efgyk ukVddkj foHkk jkuh thd ukVd ^cypUnk* lsgks cky
eksuds izsfjr dj;oyk ukVd ekuy tk,A jkenso >kd nw xksV uhfrijd cky miU;kl vfN
& ^btksfr jkuh* vk ^gluh iku ctUrk lqikjh*] tkfg nquw iksFkhds lEiw.kZ :is mRd`V cky
lkfgR; ekuy tk,A
fp= dFkkes izhfr Bkdqjd eSfFkyh fp= dFkk] ^fefFkykd yksdnsork* vk ^xksuw >k* vk
vku eSfFkyh fp= dFkk] uhrw dqekjhd eSfFkyh fp= dFkk yksdfiz; cky fp=kRed :i fFkdA
eqDrd eSfFkyh cky yfyr dykes osrk >k pkS/kjh] T;ksfr pkS/kjh] dSykk dker] bZjk efYyd
vkfn pfpZr NfFkA cky fp= k`a[kykes nsokakq oRld ^urkkk* yksdfiz; Hksy vfNA
;qok lkfgR;dkj _fk cfkBd ^dksf<+;k ?kj Lokgk*] ^ts gkj; ls ukd dVkc;* vk
^>wBidM+k ekhu* rhuw miU;kl vk ^ekfV ijd yksd*] ^lqQkfV trjk* vk ^fur fur uwru
gks;* rhuw cky dFkk laxzg ,fg fo/kkds uoy T;ksfr nsydA ;qok xhrdkj vk xtydkj
vfer feJd ^uo vakq* lEiw.kZ :is.k usukd ysy ufg fy[ky xsy eqnk ,fg egd cgqr jkl
i| cky eksuds NqcSr vfNA fgud nkslj izdkku gsrq rS;kj i| ladyu ^vakq cfu ilfj
tk;c* cky eksud ;qxkUrdkjh dkO; izekf.kr gks;rA
efgyk lkfgR;dkjes MkW0 uhrk >kd ^fcykb ekSlh* mYys[kuh; cky dFkk laxzg fFkd
tkfges fp=kRed y;d lax [kkVh eSfFkyhes cky dFkk fy[ky xsy vfNA nkslj efgyk
lkfgR;dkj T;ksfr >k pkS/kjhd ^nsohth* cky dFkk laxzg loZdkyhu cky lkfgR;es viu
foksk LFkku jk[krA kks/kkRed lkfgR;es cky fok;d fucU/k gsrq lkfgR;dkj MkW0 neu dqekj
>kd uke lsgks mYys[kuh; vfNA ;qok lkfgR;dkj txnkuUn >k euqd ^pksugk* ,dVk cky
y?kq miU;kl vfNA
Hkkjrh; Hkkkk&lkfgR;es cky lkfgR;ds izksRlkgu vk fodkld ysy lkfgR; vdknseh
^cky lkfgR; iqjLdkj* vkjEHk d;ydA rkjkuUn fo;ksxhd ^bZ HksVy r dh HksVy*] duZy
ek;kukFk >kd ^tdj ukjh prqj gks;*] eqjyh/kj >kd ^fiyfiygk xkN* vk /khjsUnz dqekj >kd
^gejk fcp foKku* mYys[kuh; iksFkh ts cky lkfgR; vdknseh iqjLdkjl lEekfur Hksy
vfNA txnhk izlkn e.My dsj ^rjsxu* Kkuo)Zd] cgqskh; vk uhfrijd d`fr ekuy tk
ldSNA vksuk ,djk usuk ysy r iw.kZr% mi;qDr ufg ekuy tk, eqnk fdkksj oxZd ysy
JsB izsjd izlaxl Hkjy bZ iksFkh okZeku nkdd pfpZr uhfrdyk fFkdA
^fonsg fkkq mRlo* cky lkfgR;d lexz fo/kkd vewY; d`fr fFkd tkfges MkW0 je.k
>k] MkW0 ksQkfydk oekZ] MkW0 ujsk dqekj fody] jekdkUr jk; jek] lnjs vkye xkSgj]
txnhk izlkn e.My] xaxsk xqatu vk neu dqekj >k lu LFkkfir jpukdkjd lax&lax
ckfydk dof;=h laLd`fr oekZd jpuk izdkfkr Hksy NfuA
eSfFkyh cky lkfgR;es eqDrd dkO;d viu foksk egRo vfNA vkjlh izlkn flag
67

jfpr ^vf/kdkj* vk ^ckft xsy j.kMad*] pUnzHkkuq flagd ^dksbyh*] bykjkuh flagd ^fkkq
dydkk*] Qtyqj jgeku gkleh d`r ^gs Hkk;*] eucks/kd d`.k tUed ,d xksV izlax ^fkkq*]
lhrkjke >kd ^ifjp; iqat*] xksikyth >k xksiskd ^uhfrdkO; le; :ih niZ.kes*] ek;kuUn
feJd ^uodk ih<+hd fonzksg*] fo|kukFk >k fofnrd ^oUnuk*] dkyhdkUr >k cwpd ^usuk
xhr*] ^iksrkd vgkl*] ^nhud usuk*] ^x; [kqkcw x; ukuh*] ^eqUuk dDdk lklqj pyyk*]
johUnzukFk Bkdqjd ^[kkV* vk ^vjZ cdjh ?kkl [kks*d lax&lax dfo eSfFkyhiq= iznhid ^nsoh
oUnuk* usukd ysy fiz;xj xhfrdkO; jgy vfN tdjk loZdkfyd lkfgfR;d ekU;rk nsy
tk ldSNA
okZeku ih<+hd f;kkhy dfo vk dof;=hx.kes jktnso e.Myd ^eqfu;kd fpUrk*
vk ^dFkhd xkN*] xtsUnz Bkdqjd ^cM+n djS, nkvksu us ;kS*] fefFkysk dqekj >kd ^ckid
jksiy xkN fluqfj;k*] egkdkUr Bkdqjd ^[kxrk Hkxr flagd*] txnhkpUnz Bkdqj vfuyd
^cky xhr*] MkW0 vkksd vfopy jfpr ^usuk*] ^vked xkN* vk ^ysygh rksj; pyy lkx* MkW0
kadjnso >kd ^/kjrh vk vdkk fcp laokn* vk ^dksbyh*] iadt dqekj >kd ^ek; xs ek;*]
T;ksfr >k pkS/kjhd ^cpiu*] ^nyek* vk ^,dVk Hkhty cxjk*] txnhk izlkn e.Myd ^lquw
uwuw vkS* vk ^firk&iq= laokn*] MkW0 ujsk dqekj fody jfpr ^cky xhr* vk ^lquw ckSvk eksj*]
jekdkUr jk; jekd ^mYywd fkdkjh*] pUnzks[kj dkefrd ^Hkkr NS uke&uke* izeq[k vfNA
kkfUr y{eh pkS/kjh] jktho jatu feJ] vkkhk vufpUgkj] txrkuUn >k euq] vfer
feJ] dqUnu dqekj d.kZ vkfn okZeku ih<+hd xtydkjd cky xtyes kkfUr y{eh pkS/kjhd
^cj[kk jkuh vk dqEgM+*] MkW0 t;k oekZd ^csVh*] kEHkwukFk >kd ^U;wVud fl)kUr vk ikdy
vke*] jktsk eksgu >k xqatud ^lkvksu dqekj vk pqh*] vfer feJd ^cky #ckbZ*] eqUuh
dkerd ^tjSr btksr*] bjk efYyd jfpr ^Ne&Ne cj[kk vk ek*] MkW0 kfk/kj dqekj fonsg
jfpr ^ge Qwy cuc ge dkV cuc*] vueksy >kd ^viu xke vk ekekd xke*] uohu dqekj
vkkkd ^fgaxyw Hkk; ;kS fVaxyw Hkk;*] eukst dqekj e.Myd ^[ksy*] nqxkZuUn e.Myd ^ge
fgUnqLrkuh Nh*] pUnu dqekj >k jfpr ^gegw i<+cS vkc* mYys[kuh; cky eqDrd dkO; ekuy
tk ldSNA
cky eqDrd dFkkes vueksy >kd ^HkaMkQksM+*] ksQkfydk oekZd ^vkud cM+kb*]
^lkcjerh vkJe*] ^ew[kZ jktk vk vksdj csVk*] vfuy efYydd ^nknhd xhr*] c`[ksk pUnz
yky jfpr ^xksyck*] txnhk pUnz e.My jfpr ^cqf<+;k nknh*] xtsUnz Bkdqj jfpr ^rjgfjes
ijyksd*] neu dqekj >k jfpr ^ghjk&eksrh* vk dkyhdkUr >k cwp jfpr ^/keZ kkL=kpk;Z*
vkfn mYys[kuh; vfNA
okZeku le;es lH;rkd Hkwe.Myhdj.kl fdNq Hkkkkd vfLrRo ladVes ifM+ xsy
vfNA gejk lHkds ,fg fnkkes /;ku nsc iM+rA uodk ih<+hes ekr`Hkkkkd izfr laosnukhyrk
txkc ysy cky lkfgR;es chtxf.krh; o`f) vko;d vfNA gejk lHkd Hkkkkd lax bZ
fcMEcuk jgy ts izR;{k:is.k cky lkfgR;ds vksN fok; ekuy tkbr vfNA ,fg rjgd
ekufldrk jk[koyk yksdd ysy ladsru ts tkfg rjgs vaxzsth lkfgR;es lHkl tufiz;
dfork ^fV~oady&fV~oady fyV~y LVkj* cky i| jgy] vksgh rjgs eSfFkyh lkfgR;es lHkl
cslh yksdfiz; xhr cky xhrs jgyA
vkc izu mBSr vfN ts cky lkfgR;d jpuk djSr dky dksu ckydd :i
efLrdes dsfUnzr d,y tk,\ xked vfkf{kr ifjokjd usukl yd izoklh eSfFky usukd
e/; rkjrE; LFkkfir djckd ysy lHk rjgd cky lkfgR; izklafxd vfNA vksuk ,fg
fnkkes lf;rk ifgufgl vfN &
^^ek; xs ek; rks gejk cUnwd eaxk ns
ryokj exk ns
68

dh ge r ek flikgh gsckS --- **

nskdkyd xhrd lax&lax lkekftd fokerkd xhr lsgks vfuok;Z gksbNA MkW0 czt
fdkksj oekZ ef.kin~e cgqr cj[k iwoZfga usukes dkVjd izfr lgt vk ltx y{e.k js[kk
[khapckd iz;kl d,us NfFk &
^^jke Nw jgeku Nw] xhrk vkj dqjku Nw
eksy fcdscs ufg ctkjes] ifgus ckSvk dku Nw**
,fg izdkjd in ,fg Hkzeds nwj djSr vfN ts cky lkfgR;es fcEcd iz/kkurk ufg
gksbNA vksuk fcEc ,gsu gks;ckd pkgh ts lgt gqv, tsuk ;qok dfo pUnu dqekj >kd
dforkd fdNq ikfr &
^^>e>e cjlS NS cwUuh] NS ukfp jgy xjpwUuh
lqfud csaxd fVVdkjh] Qlyhg dcb dqekjh
cxqyk Vd/;ku yxkSus] cSly Ny vkl /kjkSus
cq>w HksyS tckjh vksdjk] Hkfj iks[ks isydS Vsaxjk**
,d fnl pUnu xked usukd /;ku jkf[k dfork fy[kSr NfFk r nkslj fnl kgjh
thoues jey ckydd euksnkkij lsgks &
^^dEI;wVj cSly Vscqy ij] lksfp jgy NS tksM+&?kVkvks
xq.kk&Hkkx dsj ekFkk&iPph] >ViVes dksuk lks>jkvks**
vfer feJ viu dforkes usuiul euqD[kd vy[k tx;ckd mn~?kksk djSr NfFk &
^^rw euq[k cu
Mj uS rksjk iNkfj ldkS] fg;k uS rksgj gkfj ldkS
thr gksm] us gksm iru] rw euq[k cu] rw euq[k cu**
lkekftd fokerkd fgYdksfj fnfk eSfFkyh cky lkfgR; ifgufgl ltx vfNA
,dj ,dVk :i dfo dkyhdkUr >k cwpd dkO; ^nhud usuk* khkZd dkO;es HksVSN &
^^dksjkes rksjk lqrkcS NkS fcfu;k]
tYnhl vcgha jkS uquwd fufu;k
rksgj migkl gejks ytcS NkS
ns[kgha jkS ckSvk bZ dkSvk ctS NkS] lqugh jkS rksjs dqpfj lqucS NkS**
,dVk vkj LFkkfir iqjku vk pfpZr jpukdkj if.Mr xksfoUn >k dgSr NfFk &
^^Bksfg ikfjd fpUuh dku;
gk gejk dqdqjks ufg eku;
[kktk ewaxck uksj pqvkc;
yS NS fdvks ufg gEej uke
ikdy vke ikdy vke
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foKkud fk{kd kEHkwukFk >k U;wVud xfrd fu;e eSfFkyh xhr tdk xcSr NfFk &
^^f;k&izfrf;k lax&lax vkc;
viu izHkko foijhr tekc;
,fgl py; vfN ok;q;ku
bZ Hksy U;wVu dsj rhtS fl)kUr --- **
pUnzks[kj dkefr lu vkkq xhrdkj nqxkZiwtkes esyk ns[k ysy Vdkd vkk /ksus
xjhcd usuk lHkd lk/ku foghu firkd O;Fkkds xhr cukd xcSr NfFk &
ksk i`B&90ij
69

eSfFkyhd vtkrk=q izks0 MkW0 bUnzdkUr >k

& MkW0 lq/khj dqekj >k
fi.M;ke o.kZ] mUur yykV] uEgj dk;k] nksgjk dkfUr;qDr nSfgd lkSBo tfud
Nfu( viu visf{krd csj&foifkes ru&eu&/kul lnfr ts rRij jgSr vk,y NfFk( fodVl
fodV izd`frd >a>kokres lsgks yksdd dkts ckgj t,ckes ts dusdks vldrkb ufg NfFk
( tq>k#iu tfud oSfkV~; fFkd( ts eSfFkyh vdkneh fcgkj] laLd`r vdkneh vk lkfgR;
vdkneh lu iz[;kr lkfgfR;d laLFkk lHkes viu izkklfud n{krk izekf.kr d, pqdy
NfFk( viu vFkd ifjJed cyij ukyUnk [kqyk foofo|ky;es ts eSfFkyhd i<+kSuh vkjEHk
djkSyfu( ,d fk{kdd :ies ts prqfnZd viu [;kfrd irkdk QgjkSus NfFk( lkfgR;d
,dk/kVk fo/kkds NksfM+ izk;% lHk fo/kkes ts viu ys[kuh nkSxkSus NfFk( eSfFkyhd dfo&xksBh
tfud mifLFkfr fcuq fo/kokd eqg lu mnklhu izrhr gksbr vfN( ts ys[kues v|ru
fujUrjrk cukds j[kus NfFk( ts ,d dqky oDrk fFkdkg( rfud uke Nfu izks0 MkW0
bUnzdkUr >kA
cgqvk;keh O;fDrRod vk d`frRod /kuh MkW0 bUnzdkUr >kd tUe njHkaxk ftyk
vUrxZr ^dljj* uked xkees lu 1943 bZ0es HksyfuA bZ Lo0 lqjsUnz ukFk >k vk Lo0
ljLorh nsohd lqiq= NfFkA MkW0 >k iVuk foofo|ky;d vf/kuLFk iVuk dvksystes
eSfFkyhd izk/;kid fu;qDr HksykgA ,ghBke jgSr bZ dvksystd ijh{kk&fu;a=d Hksykg vk
rRipkr~ eSfFkyh vdkneh] iVukd funskdd inds lqkksfHkr d,yfuA iNkfr Lukrdkskj
eSfFkyh foHkkx] iVuk foofo|ky;es v/;{k inij vklhu HksykgA bZ fcgkj laLd`r
vdknehd funskdd :ies lsgks dkt d,yfuA lkfgR; vdkneh] fnYyhd 2003 l 2007
/kfj eSfFkyh ijkekZnkr` lfefrd lnL; jgykgA bZ tr, drgq jgykg] lHkds lax y,
pyckes fookl d,yfu vk rs lcBke fgudk ;k vftZr HksyfuA izks0 vkuUn feJd kCnes]
gej bUnzdkUr th ^vtkrk=q* NfFkA1 oLrqr% bUnzdkUr ckcwd LoHkkoes uezrk] Hkkoqdrk] /kS;Z
vk ftKklq izo`fkd rsgu us lkeatL; Nfu ts fojks/kh lsgks fgud izkalk djckl v?kkbr
ufg NfFkA
tfguk MkW0 bUnzdkUr >kd O;fDrRo cgqvk;keh Nfu] rfguk fgud d`frRoes lsgks
fofo/krk O;kIr NfuA bZ leh{kk] dFkk] dfork] xhr] Hkkkk&foKku vk vuqokn dykes ,d jax
fuiq.k NfFkA fofHkUu fo/kkes izdkfkr fgud iksFkh ,fg izdkjs vfN % dFkk & vfHkUu 1970]
gFkdM+h ckft mBy izFke] f}rh; vk r`rh; laLdj.k ek% 1980] 1986 vk 1989A leh{kk
& kks/k jRukdj 1970] fo|kifr foekZ 1970] fo|kifrdkyhu fefFkyk 1986] enusoj
feJ 2013A eSfFkyh dkO;kkL= 1990A eSfFkyh Hkkkk&foKku % ,d vkykspukRed v/;;u
1990A vuqokn & fy[kukoyh] kSoloZLolkj vk foHkkxlkjd fgUnh vks eSfFkyh vuqokn] rhu
laxh johUnzukFk Bkdqjd rhu xksV caxyk dFkkd vuqokn & 2011] vkafXy;kr xqtjkrh
Hkkkkd miU;kld eSfFkyh vuqokn & 2014A in&laxzg & ikgqu fcyfe tkm 2010A ,dj
vfrfjDr MkW0 >kd dfork] xhr] dFkk vk vuqokn vU;kU; if=dk lHk] tsuk & d.kkZe`r]
fefFkyk nkZu] izoklh] nsfly c;uk] vkfnes fujUrj izdkfkr Hk, jgy NfuA
fgud dFkkes lHkBke vknkZ LFkkfir djckd psVk d,y xsy vfNA dFkkd ik=
yksdfu lsgks vknkZoknh NfFkA tkfg dkyes MkW0 bUnzdkUr >k dFkkd l`tu vkjEHk d,yfu]
vksfg le;es fdNq dFkkdkj ,guks Nykg ts {kf.kd mkstuk txsckd ysy ve;kZfnr vks
vyhy pfj=ds viu dFkkes LFkku nsyA eqnk bUnzdkUr ckcwd dFkk vksfgl dkslks nwj NyA
izks0 gfjeksgu >kd kCnes & ^^,fg ^cU/ku&rksM+* dFkk lkfgR;d ;qxes jfg;ks d; bZ r#.k
dFkkdkj e;kZnkd yhdij pyykg vfN] ijEijkxr uSfrdrk vks izkphu ifjikVhd R;kx ufg
70

dSyfUg vfNA pk: dFkk vknkZewyd] lUnskokgd vks izsj.kknk;d NfUg] pfj=d mUu;u
dj;oyk] L[kyu dj;oyk ufgA vkb&dkfYg drsdks rFkkdfFkr izxfrkhy dFkkdkj yksdfu
ikBdd eues {kf.kd mkstukds txkcfges viu dykd dkSky cq>Sr NfFkA bUnzdkUr th
rkfg /kkjkes ufg Hkflvk kkor ewY;d fnkkes vxzlj Hk, viu ys[kuhds lkFkZd djckd
iz;kl d,us NfFkA ,[ku uhjkd dykoyk cgqrks ys[kd NfFk] fdNq xksV; vfNatyks
fi,ckd ;Ru djfFk & ls lUrkskd fok; fFkdA**2
fo|kifr lkfgR;ij MkW0 bUnzdkUr >kds egkjfr gkfly NfuA ;Sg gsrq Hksy ts vks
ih&,p0 Mh0 djd ysy tkfg fok;d p;u d,yfu] vksgks fo|kifr,l lEc) Ny vk
O;kid ifjf/kes lekfgr NyA mDr kks/k ^fo|kifrdkyhu fefFkyk* ukel ikBdd lks>k
vk,yA rRdkyhu fefFkykd jktuhfrd] lkekftd] /kkfeZd vks vkfFkZd nkkd nLrkost fFkd
mDr xzaFkA lektes ukjhd dh LFkku NySd] vksdj k`axkjd dh&dh izlk/ku Ny] yksdd
[kku&iku dsgu jgSd] rkgwij ys[kd viu leh{kkRed n`fV nkSxkSyfu vfNA ^fo|kifr
foekZ* iksFkhes leh{kd egksn; fo|kifrd inkoyhds NksfM+ gqud lexz ekSfyd iksFkhd lw{e
ewY;kadu d,us NfFkA ^kks/k jRukdj*es ladfyr ikp xksV fucU/kes lsgks ,dVk fucU/k
fo|kifr,l lEc) vfN & ^fo|kifr vks fefFkyk*A
izks0 kadj >kd ers & ^^foxr Nvks nkdl eSfFkyh lkfgR;d Jho`f) djckd ozr
y, vuojr lkfgfR;d fofHkUu fo/kkd le`f)es m|r NfFk v|i;ZUr vkpk;Z MkW0 bUnzdkUr
>kA vuqizkf.kr NfFk fo|kifr lkfgR;lA lefiZr NfFk fo|kifrd dkO;&dkSkyijA Qyr%
fo|kifr fgud ih&,p0 Mh0 ,oa Mh0 fyV~ kks/k xzaFkd fok; jgy vfNA fo|kifrij vusd
cgqewY; iksFkh ekSfyd ,oa lEikfnr d,us NfFkA oLrqr% fgud fokn~ lkfgfR;d f;k&
dykid voyksdu d,ykij fgudk Encyclopaedia on Vidyapati d laKk nsc
vfrk;ksfDr ufg gks,rA3
enusoj feJij fyf[kr fofucU/kes bUnzdkUr ckcw gqud O;fDrRo vk d`frRod lexz
leh{kkRed foospu d,us NfFkA ,fg ees gqud fy[ky dFkkd laxzg ^izR;{k*] miU;kl ^,d
Nyhg egkjkuh* vk yfyr ukjk;.k feJd thouhd galo`fk leh{kk d,y xsy vfNA ^,d
Nyhg egkjkuh* miU;kld izklafxdrkd lUnHkZes leh{kd fy[kSr NfFk & ^^;kor~ /kfj yksd
thoues nSU; jgrSd] iztkoxZ viu kkldl lUrqV Hk lq[kiwoZd thou;kiud lkSfo/; ufg
izkIr d, ldr] d`kdd fLFkfres lq/kkj ufg Hk, ldr] jksxhds eqr vkSkf/k ufg HksVrSd]
xke&xkees ifjogu lqfo/kk ufg izkIr gsrSd] fk{kk loZtu lqyHk ufg gks;r] is;tyd
gkgkdkj ufg esVk,r vk foink vkfnd fuokj.kd izcU/k ufg gks,r] ^,d Nyhg egkjkuh*d
izklafxdrk cuys jgrA4
^ikgqu fcyfe tkm* in&laxzgij dfodksfdy fo|kifrd LiV izHkko >ydSr vfNA
^^bZ d`fr ukf;dkd Loxr&Hkkk.k vfN] tkfges dfFkr ^vkfrFks; vFkok vkfrFks;d vkrqj
^fuosnu* r vfHkO;Dr vfN,] ukf;dkd viu :i&fLFkfr&Hkkouk&fopkjd lax ;qfDr;qDr
okrkoj.k vk LokuqHkwfrd dykRed vfHkO;fDr lsgks Hksy vfNA lEiw.kZ d`fres ukf;dk fokskr%
viu lkSUn;Z vks fuosnuds vU;ksU;kfJr djSr ^ikgqu ds vizfre* :i&lkSUn;Zd vk xq.kd
tkfg&tkfg LFkyij funkZu djcSr NfFk] rkfg&rkfg LFkyij /;ku lgt :is vkd`V gks;c
vkykndjA**5 MkW0 dqekj foeyd vuqlkjs] ^ikgqu fcyfe tkm* uked dforkd iksFkh ,d
vkpk;Z dfod jpuk vfN tfudk ikles vfHkfuoskiw.kZ ikf.MR;d laxfg izfrHkk vk lgtrk
lsgks vfNA izks0 bUnzdkUr >kth eSfFkyh, Vkd ufg] lexz lkfgR;d unhBk Kkrk NfFkA 6
mi;ZqDr foysk.kl LiV vfN ts izks0 MkW0 bUnzdkUr >kds fo|kifr fok;d
xEHkhj v/;;u NfuA vks dFkkdkj :ies vknkZoknd LFkkiuk d,yfu r leh{kkes galo`fkd
ifjp; nsyfuA vuqokndeZes BsaB eSfFkyhd BkB loZ= nzVO; gksbr vfNA in jpukes lHkBke
71

e/kqjrkd cks/k gksbr vfNA

lUnHkZ %
1- Lukrdkskj eSfFkyh foHkkxk/;{k iVuk foofo|ky;d inl lsok&fuo`fkd iPkkr~
fcnkb lekjksgd voljij izks0 vkuUn feJ }kjk dgy xsyA^vfHkUu* dFkk&laxzg &
2- izks0 MkW0 bUnzdkUr >k] i`B la[;k & 5
3- Lekfjdk] fefFkyk uo psruk lfefr 2012&13 bZ0] i`B la[;k & 44
4- enusoj feJ fofucU/k & izks0 MkW0 bUnzdkUr >k] i`B la[;k & 78
^5- ikgqu fcyfe tkm* % ,d n`fV & Jh cPpk Bkdqj vizdkfkr fucU/k
6- ^ikgqu fcyfe tkm* in&laxzg & izks0 MkW0 bUnzdkUr >k] i`B la[;k & 4
i`B&29d kskkak
ewY;cks/kes fufgr vfNA ekufld vk oSpkfjd lkspes fnkk cnyckd gsrq vks fofHkUu
vkLoknijd jpuk d,yfuA
vksuk fgud la?kkZ dksuks&us&dksuks :ies thou Hkfj jgyfuA vfUre le;es nSfgd
i{kk?kkr fookd nsydfuA vks dkkh izLFkku d,yfu vk dkkh t,ckd lEiw.kZ O;oLFkk
egkjkt jesoj flag d,yfu ts Lo;a fcnk d,yfu jsyxkM+hlA ,rsd nwj /kfj dgy tkbr
vfN ts pUnk >k egkjkt jesoj flagds vkxqjd ladsrs ckyd gks;ckd kqHkkkhk nsyfu vk
bZ Qfyr HksyA ts fd okd~gj.k Nyfu] rs bkkjkes vfHkO;fDr pUnk >k d,yA fgud
thoud lax nSfod wj etkd voLls nSfgd foQyrk cwfu vk,y] eqnk fgud lkfgfR;d
HkkxhjFk iz;Ru voLls lQyrkd lksikuij p<+yA
vks viu thoudkyes ikpVk ekSfyd] ,dVk vuqfnr vk ,dVk lEikfnr iksFkh ek=
izdkfkr d,yfu vk cknes ^pUnz i|koyh*] ^pUnz jpukoyh*] ^egskok.kh laxzg* vkfn iksFkh
izdkfkr HksyA
bZ fufoZokn dgy tk;r ts ijEijkd nq#D[kkij vk/kqfudrkd iV [kksfy
lkaLd`frd ?kuRo vk vk/kqfud lektd niZ.k t pUnk >kds dgy tk, r dksuks vfrk;ksfDr
ufg gks;rA vks okLroes lkef;d leL;kd foLQksVd thoud =klnh cks>l mity
vkLFkk vk ftthfokkes dkO;&ltZuk d,y ts okLroes eSfFkyh lkfgR;d vewY; nLrkost
fFkdA fgud dforkd chteU= & kfUr vk lektokn vfN vFkkZr~ la?kkZes Qfyr uo
vkUnksyuds uo xfr iznku djcA vk/kqfud dkO;/kkjkd lathouh pUnk >kd dkO;jll
flafpr Hk tupsrukd uohu l`fV&o`fV djSr vfNA
jl] /ofu] vyadkj] oksfDr] jhfr vk [kkld ykSfdd eksgkfojk vks mfDr vkfnds
yd dohoj fl)gLr jpukdkj NfFkA vks NksVl NksV vk lkekU; oLrqds rkfg <axs
mBkvksy vfN ts izkphuks uo oLrq cfu ikBdd lks>k vkfc tkbr vfNA kCnes lkSUn;Z Hkjc
vk deZ vk /keZd vUrlZEcU/k cucSr nkf;Rocks/k djk;c fgud ys[kuhd lgt fokskrk
fFkdA Bksjij p<+Sr kCn t[ku nkkZfudrkd lw{e lw=es vkfc tkbr vfN] r ikBdds
fojklres laLdkjcks/k Hk tkbr vfNA thoSr&txSr laosnuk ts dfod vuqHko lalkjes
jfp&ifpd fu%l`r Hksy vfN] ls vkfLrfRod Lrj /kfj vkfud tfVy ;FkkFkZl lk{kkr~
djcSr vfNA ;Sg fofkVrk thoud dBksjrkds lR;rkes fofkV jaxd |ksrd cuSr uo Lokn
fp[kcSr vfNA ;Sg dkj.k fFkd ts fonzksg] osnuk vk fuks/kd rhoz vuqHkwfr vNSrks fgud
jpukes izse vk d#.kkd vfHkO;fDr;ks fgud mUeqDr eksud laosnukRed vfHkO;fDr fFkdA
la?kkZ vk thou n`fVd QyLo:i fgud jpukRed lkFkZdrk dkyt;h fl) gksbr vfNA
72

ge fefFkyk jkt ysc

& Jh xkso/kZu Bkdqj
fefFkykd bfrgkl] fefFkyk nskd bfrgkl] lEHkor% jktk tudgql izkphu vfNA
fefFkykd uke] /kke] O;olk;] ijEijk] laLd`fr vkvksj Lojktd rjg&rjg dsj f[kLlk lsgks
fefFkykapyes v|kof/k pySr vkfc jgy vfNA fefFkykd xkSjo&xkFkkl leLr vk;kZokZ
d`rd`R; jgy vfN] bZgks loZfofnr vfNA ijap] dkyd xkyes lekbr lEHkor% ,d ds
ckn ,d HkkSfrd o jktuSfrd <kpk VqVSr&QqVSr ,gu fLFkfres igqfp pqdy vfN ts vkb
fefFkykd ifjp; vk;kZokZ] Hkkjrd ,d lEiw.kZ iznsk] jkT;d b;kk lsgks gejk lHkds
izekf.kr djckd t#jfr ifM+ xsy vfNA ,fgl iS?k nqHkkZX;d ckr vkvksj dh Hk ldSN\
vksuk] bZ ckr ufg vfN ts fefFkykes lk/kud vHkko vfN ok Kku&foKku]
jhfr&uhfr] vFkZxr lEiUurkd lax kkS;Z ok LokfHkekues dksugq Vk deh vkfc xsy gksA r[ku
g] ,d ckr dgc ts vkb ge lHk viu jktuSfrd tkx`fr] lekgkj&lEHkkol ek% nwj
gksbr fefFkyk] eSfFky] eSfFkyhd lkekfld psrukl ikNw fnl lljSr] lkekftd fuBkd
vuqHkwfrds utjUnkt djSr] O;fDrfuB Hk viu i,j rjd tehuds viukl nwj gksbr
nsf[krgq] ewd nkZd cfu cstku Hk Bk<+ NhA
fefFkyk iznskd ysy] fefFkyk vkvksj frjgqr & bZ nquw uke iz;ksxes vfNA e0e0
ijesoj >kd iksFkh ^fefFkyk ro foekZ* i`B&36d vuqlkj] bZ nsk b{okdq&ru; fufe
egkjktd iq= ^fefFk* egkjkt }kjk clkvksy xsy Ny] rs ,dj uke fefFkyk Hksy vkvksj ,fg
unhekr`d nskes unhd ckgqY; vfN ,oa vksfg unh lHkd rhjij yksd lHk clSr xsykg] rs
rhjHkqfDrA ;Sg rhjHkqfDr dkykUrjes frjgqr ukel izflf) ivksydA
okZekues fefFkykd lEiw.kZ iznskd Lo:i dsj ekufp= lkeus ykcd ysy fcgkjd
mkjes njHkaxk] e/kqcuh] lhrke<+h] iwohZ vk ifpeh pEikj.k] eqtQjiqj] leLrhiqj]
csxqljk;] eqaxsj] Hkkxyiqj] ukSxfN;k] lgjlk] lqikSy] e/ksiqjk] iwf.kZ;k] dfVgkj] fdkuxat]
vjfj;k vkfn ftykd vfrfjDr >kj[k.Md nqedk] nso?kj] xksk] lkgscxat ftyk eq[; :il
lfEefyr vfNA laxfga mkj fcgkjl ykxy lEizfr usikyd {ks= & fefFkykd izkphu
jkt/kkuh tudiqj l yd leLr usikyd rjkb fefFkyk iznskd vUrxZr tkuy tkbNA
fefFkykd lEink dsj t xIi djh r jktuSfrd lEizHkqrkd /;ku j[kSr Hkkjrd
lhekd Hkhrj trck fefFkykd iznsk vofLFkr vfN] vksdjgq nk;jk chl&ckbl xksV ftykl
vf/kdfga dsj vfNA ,fg Hkw&Hkkxes ckSf)d lEink izpqj ek=kes ns[ky tk ldSNA tu&
tkxj.kdsj izHkkoh ek/;ed fodkld fnkkes fizaV ehfM;k] ohfM;ks i=dkfjrk] flusek]
MkWD;qesaVh] m|ksxd laxfg foKkiu] iEIysV] okWy isij] czkspj] fofo/k fok;d lkfgR;(
rduhdh ,oa xSj&rduhdh] nquw {ks=es izcU/k ,oa ijkekZ lsok] fk{k.k&izfk{k.k O;olk;]
vuqokn O;olk;] dEI;qVj ,oa lkWVos;j O;olk;] T;ksfrk ,oa okLrq lsok] ;ksx ,oa v/;kRe
O;olk; dsj rkuk&ckuk ,d foLr`r ,oa O;kid O;olk;d :i y pqdy vfNA
d`fk m|ksx] ikqikyu m|ksx] eqxhZ ikyu m|ksx] tyh; ,oa cxku lEink vkfnd
vUrxZr vUu mRiknud lax kkd&lCth] Qy] VekVj] lkWl] eksjCck] wV tsyh] vpkj]
pVuh vkfnd O;olk;] eRL; m|ksx] e[kku vks flagkj m|ksx] dEcy m|ksx] ekal m|ksx]
peM+k m|ksx vkfnd fodkl d,y tk ldSNA cM+h] ikiM+] pjkSjh] vnkSjh] frykSjh vkfnd
O;olk; lsgks i;kZIr ykHknk;d vfNA ,fg leLr {ks=d okf.kfT;d rku&forkuds foi.kud
lf; lw=l izHkkoh lapkyu leqfpr izfrQy n fefFkykapyd lekt dsj thou&;kiues r
[kqkuqek ifjn`; vkfu, ldSr vfN vk laxfg fefFkykapyds fodflr {ks=es ifjofkZr djes
lsgks leFkZ Hk ldSr vfNA
73

fefFkykes i;ZVu m|ksxd {ks= vR;Ur O;kid vfNA vkb bZ fefFkykd laxfg O;kid
ifj{ks=es vk;kZokZd] Hkkjrd xfjekd mn~?kkVues viu xEHkhj izHkko lsgks NksfM+ ldSNA
i;ZVu m|ksxd lokZf/kd vk/kkjHkwr lzksr fefFkykd foo&izfl) rhFkZ] izkphure gsfjVst
vkvksj _fk&eqfud egrh Kku&foKku] dyk&lkfgR; rFkk ;ksx&v/;kRel lEcfU/kr fofo/k
LFky vfN tkfges foo Hkfjes cly fgUnw lekt o ftKklq fonsfk;ks #fp j[kSr NfFkA ,fg
LFky lHkds fodflr d, nskh&fonskh i;ZVd yksdfuds vkdfkZr d,y tk ldSNA ,fgl
fefFkykd i;ZVu m|ksx ,fg {ks=d jksth&jksVhd leL;kd funkues r viu Hkjiwj ;ksxnku
djcs djr] O;kid :il Hkkjrd oSfod Nfod fodkles lsgks vge Hkwfedkd fuokZg djrA
y?kq m|ksxd fodkles] iks[kfjl ikVy vk unhd ckgqY;d fefFkykapyes eRL;
m|ksx ,[kugq ,d O;kid leqnk;d thou&;kiues lgk;d fl) Hk jgy vfNA e[kku o
flagkjd m|ksx lsgks eSfFky ifjokjd Hkj.k&iksk.k d jgy vfNA ,fg m|ksx lHkds
oSKkfud <axl leqfpr [kkn] mUur cht ,oa rduhdl xfr nsckij bZ i;kZIr ykHknk;d ,oa
O;kid Lrjij fu;kstuijd vkvksj ctkj foLrkjd {kerkl leFkZ cukvksy tk ldSNA
oL= m|ksxes Hkkxyiqjd rLlj m|ksxds fodflr d ctkj nsc] dksdVh jaxd ck
:bZl rn~:id oL=d mRiknul viu lkSUn;Zd cyij viu ctkj viufga rS;kj djckes
ikNk ufg jgrA lrjathd fofo/k izdkjd fMtkbud fodkl vkvksj mRiknu&foi.ku
m|ksxds izksRlkgu HksVykl lsgks fdNq gn /kfj Lojkstxkj dsj volj c<+kvksrA ekfVd ckZu]
lqjkgh] ?kSy] dksgk] eVdqM+h] nhi&ykcu] /kqinkuh vkfnd laxs fookg&miu;ud voljij
visf{kr lkexzhd uo rduhd vk fMtkbud lax mRiknu o O;olk; lsgks lektd ,d
oxZd vkfFkZd nkk iVjhij ykc;es dkjxj fl) Hk ldSNA
ukp&xku] py&fp= vkfnd {ks=es fefFkykes rn~tU;d m|ksx&O;olk;d izlkjd
i;kZIr lEHkkouk ns[kckes vcSNA ,guk fLFkfres vkYgk&ny] tV&tfVu] lkek&pdsck
vkfnd izlaxd lax vkezikyh] csgqyk] /kzqoLokfeuh] fo|kskek] Hkkjrh] yf[kek jkuh izHk`fr
[;kruke eSfFkykuhd lax tud] ;kKoYD;l yd jktk fkoflag o dfodksfdy fo|kifr
izHk`fr fefFkykd foHkwfrij jkspd ,oa Kkuo)Zd pyfp=d fuekZ.k vk izlkj.k Kku ,oa
euksjatud O;kid ctkj Hk ldSNA ,fg {ks=es uSfrdrkd lgt o ljl fodkld ysy rFkk
vFkksZiktZu ,oa rhFkZLFkytU; i;ZVu foLrkjd lk/kud n`fVl fkykukFk] jktsojLFkku]
xkSredqaM] vgY;kLFkku] dqksojLFkku] JhmxzrkjkLFkku] flgsaojLFkku vkfn rhFkZLFkyhij
pyfp= mi;ksxh o ykHknk;d fl) Hk ldSNA
jktuhfr] vklu&izkklud chp lE;d lUrqyu rFkk lk/kuk vkvksj lEiUurkd
rku&forku dgy tk ldSNA ,fg {ks=es eSfFky&eSfFkykuhd izfofV o vuqHkod vHkko ufg
vfN] ek= fefFkyk jktd jktuSfrd lqn`<+ <kpkd fuekZ.k vkvksj fefFkyk jkt izkIr d,
vksfg <kpkd vUrxZr lqn`<+ o lqlEiUu vknkZ jkT;d :ies fefFkyk jktd LFkkiuk vkvksj
fodkl] gejkyksdfud lHk eSfFkyd m|s; gkse,d pkghA rkfgijl fefFkykd lqn`<+rk o
lEiUurkd gsrq mRiknu&fuiknu] lsok o ctkj vkvksj foi.kud :i&js[kkds fu%LokFkZ ,oa
lefiZr Hkkol lf;rkd lax vkxw c<+;ckd vfNA
fefFkyk jkT;d bfrgklds tehuij mrkjc] iquLFkkZfir djc vkvksj mkjkskj xfr
nsckd gsrq gejkyksdfud izFke dkZO; fFkdA rnUrj] mi;ZqDr {ks=es xgu mRiknu&fuiknu
&foi.kuds xfr nSr lqkklul fefFkyk jkT;ds ,d vknkZ jkT;es ifjofrZr djc gejk
lHkd y{; gkse,d pkghA rSa mn~?kksk.kk ts &
pkgh us vFkZ]
us pkgh ukSdjh(
vkj us fdNq]
ek= gej gd nscA
fefFkykoklh ge] xkSjo l thch( gej vfN fefFkyk] ge fefFkykjkt yscAA
74

eSfFkyh Hkk"kk vfLerkd lUnHkZes fyfid izu

& dqekj lkSjHk
eSfFkyh LorU= Hkk"kk ufg fFkd vfirq fgUnh Hkk"kkd ,dVk vkfJr cksyh fFkd & ,fg
vo/kkj.kkd i{kes trsdks rdZ nsy tkbr vfN rkfges ,d rdZ bgks gksbN ts eSfFkyh dsj
viu dksuks fyfi ufg NSdA ,fg /kkj.kkd fuekZ.k dsj ewy dkj.k eSfFkyhd lanHkZes vkaf'kd
lR; ek=l ifjfpr gks;c fFkdA ,dj vfrfj t dksuks vkj dkj.k lEHko Hk ldSN r
vksdjk vkf[k eqfu;ks d ^nqHkkZouk* uke nsy tk ldSr vfNA rF; bZ fFkd ts fgUnh
orZekues eSfFkyh lsgks tkfg nsoukxjh fyfies fy[ky tkbr NSd vks ewy :is laL rd
fyfi fFkd eqnk eSfFkyh Hkk"kkd vku Hkk"kkl i`Fkd viu fyfi vo;s NyA Hkk"kkfon~
fxz;lZu ,fg fyfid mYys[k djSr fy[kus NfFk ts bZ caxkyhd ysy O;or fyfil
feySr&tqySr fyfi fFkdA1 ,fg fyfids frjgqrk vFkok fefFkyk{kj fyfid ukel fpUgy
tkbr NSdA NksV nk;jkes ,fg fyfid ;ksx cknks /kfj gksbr jgy eqnk muSle 'krkCnhd
vUr /kfj ,fg fyfid o`gr Lrjij O;ogkj dqf.Br gqv, ykxy NyA ks0 'kSySU eksgu >k
viu ys[k ^vk/kqfud eSfFkyh lkfgR;*d i`"BHkwfees muSle 'krkCnhd mkjk/kZes ,fg fyfid
fLFkfrij fopkj djSr fy[kus NfFk2 &njHkaxk jkt] tr; kjEHkfgl eSfFkyhds J; HksVSr

vkfc jgy Ny t[ku 1860 bZ0es bZ dksVZ vQ okMZ~ld v/khu d nsy xsy r vksfgl
eSfFkyh Hkk"kk vks fyfids gVkd mnwZ Hkk"kk vks Qkjlh fyfids LFkku HksVyA rRi'pkr~
y{eh'oj flag bZ LFkku [kM+h cksyh vks nsoukxjh fyfids nsyfUgA nsoukxjh fyfil sl
lqfo/kk Hk xsus eSfFkyhd fo}kuks viu iqLrd dkf'kr dj,ck ysy ,gh fyfid ;ksx dj,
yxykg vkvksj bZ ,d rjgs eSfFkyhd oSdfYid fyfi cfu xsyA
'kSysU eksgu >kd ekuc NfUg ts ,dj ifj.kke fgrdj ufg Hksy vk eSfFkyhds
fgUnhd miHkk"kk dgckd HkzkfUr k;% ,gh dkj.ks HksyA 'kSysU eksgu >kd bZ er vk/kkjghu
ufg vfNA 1866 bZ0es dkf'kr iksFkh ^n vkmVykbal vQ bafM;u fQyksyksth*d ,dVk
v/;k; ^vu MkbysDV~l*es Hkk"kk vk cksyhd vo/kkj.kkds Li"V djckd ees vaxzst fo}ku
tu chEl iatkch Hkk"kkd mYys[k djSr fy[kus NfFk ts ,fg Hkk"kkd nkok Hkkstiqjh vk
cztHkk"kkd nkokl cslh ufg Ny eqnk egkjktk jathr flag }kjk LorU= lezkT;d fuekZ.k vk
lh[k /keZd ifo= ^xzUFk*d jpuk ysy fodflr d,y xsy xq:eq[kh fyfid dkj.ks ,dj
x.kuk Lora= Hkk"kkd :ies d,y tk ykxyA3
,fg ees tu chEl dsj mYyf[kr fdrkcd dk'ku dsj yxHkx l; lky ckn
1965 bZ0es dkf'kr fdrkc ^fgUnh % mn~Hko] fodkl vkSj :i*es fgUnhd iS?k fo}ku ekuy
tk,oyk M0 gjnso ckgjhd er dsj mYys[k dsuk; lehphu gks;rA vks fy[kSr NfFk4 &

exgh&eSfFkyh cksyh r fFkd eqnk Hkk"kk lcgd chp vksdj LFkku ufg vfN & Hkk"kk fgUnh,
fFkdSA jktLFkkuh ok fo'ks"k :il fcgkjh Hkk"kk tsuk dksuks pht ufg & ,dj lcgd dksuks
viu fyfi ufg] lkfgR; dsj viu dksuks ijEijk ufg] 'kklu }kjk dksuks ekU;rk ufg]
dksuks ,d Lo:i ufg] dksuks lkekU; vkn'kZ ufgA
/;ku nsckd ;ksX; vfN ts M0 ckgjh ^fyfid* ppkZ lcl ifgus d,us NfFkA ,fg&
,fgBke ckr fcgkjh Hkk"kkd ekns d,y xsy vfN eqnk rkfgl ifgus eSfFkyh vk exgh dsj
mYys[k lsgks d,y xsy vfNA ,fg rjgd ekufldrk Hkk"kk vfLerkd lanHkZes fyfi dsj
izuij fopkj djck ysy foo'k djSr vfNA
ifjfLFkfro'k ok dksuks vU; dkj.ks frjgqrk vFkok fefFkyk{kj fyfid R;kx eSfFkyhd
fo}ku vk eSfFkyh&seh lcgd ysy leku :il nq[k vk fpUrkd fo"k; jgy vfNA eSfFky
fo}ku lcgd ekuc jgy NfUg ts eSfFkyhd Lora= Hkk"kkd :ies nkok] lcl cslh fyfid
75

R;kxd dkj.ks detksj HksyA fyfi R;kxd dkj.kd vyx vyx O;k[;kd lax fo}ku yksdfu
viu nq[k vk fpark le;&le;ij dV djSr jgykg vfNA
izks0 jekukFk >k viu iksFkh ^eSfFkyhd orZeku leL;k*es fy[kus NfFk 5 & vkb

eSfFkyhd lax ts ck/kk Hk, jgy vfN rdj ,dek= dkj.k fFkd ts gejk yksdfu viu
fyfids R;kfx nsyA Hkkjrh; jk"Vh;rkd fgrd Hkkoukl sfjr Hk, gejk yksdfu bZ R;kx
d,y] ls lc fclfj xsyA vkb ;fn eSfFkyh fyfi pfyr jgSr r Hkkjres ,drkd lw=es
vksgks ,dVk xsaB jgSrA fgUnh lkezkT;oknd iqtsxjh yksdfu gej mnkjrkds nqcZyrk cwf>
ysy] gej R;kxds ew[kZrk ekfu ysy vks e'k% gej Hkk"kkd lewy uk'k djckes ykfx xsykg]
gej tkrh; lkkij vk?kkr dj; yxykgA

jekukFk >kd }kjk fyfi R;kxd dkj.kes tkfg jk"Vh;rkd Hkkoukd mYys[k d;y
xsy vfN rkfgij fopkj djc vko';d vfNA xk/khth jk"Vh; vkUnksyud vfHkUu fgLlk
cwf> fgUnh ok fgUnqLrkuhd pkj&lkjes lsgks ykxy NykgA gqud er NyfUg ts ,fg
ns'kds ,drkd lw=es ckUg;oyk Hkk"kk fgUnh, Hk ldSr vfNA vks bgks ekuSr Nykg ts fgUnh
kUrh; Hkk"kkd fodkles ck/kd ufg jgr vfirq vksdj fodkles lgk;d fl) gks;rA fgUnh
pkj&lkjd ees fyfid loky lsgks egRoiw.kZ NyA ^gfjtu*d 04-05-1935d vades
dkf'kr viu ,dVk ys[kes xk/khth vf[ky Hkkjrh; fgUnh lkfgR; lEesyu }kjk Lohr
vksfg Lrko dsj ppkZ d,us NfFk tkfges bZ er dV d;y xsy NSd ts vksfg leLr
Hkk"kkds nsoukxjh fyfies fy[ky t,ckd pkgh ts ;k r laLrl fudyy NSd vFkok
tkfgij laLr dsj vR;f/kd Hkko NSdA6 xk/khth eu vk efLr"d nquwl ,fg Lrkod i{kes
NykgA ,gh ys[kes vks fy[kus NfFk ts ,d fyfi Hk xsykl Hkfxuh Hkk"kkds lh[kckes lqHkhrk
gks;rA ,fguk ^gfjtu*d 15-08-1936d vades kdkf'kr ,d ys[kes xk/khth fy[kSr NfFk ts
vyx&vyx fyfi] ,d kUrd yksd ysy nkslj kUrd Hkk"kk lh[kckes vuko';d ck/kk
Lo:i vfNA ;wjksi r dksuks ,d jk"V ufg fFkd rFkkfi vksr; ,d fyfi Lohdkfj ysy xsy
vfNA7 ,gh ys[k dsj vUres vks fy[kSr NfFk8 & fyfid cks> yknuk;] vk vksgks [kkyh >wBd

eksg vk fnekxh vkyL;d dkj.ks] viufg gkFkl viufg Vkaxij dqjgfj ekjuk; gks;rA
fefFkyk{kjd R;kxes ,fg rjgd HkkoukRed vihyks dsj egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk jgy gks;r] lEHko
vfNA
jekukFk >k bZ cq>k ldckes lQy Hksy NfFk ts xk/khthd vihyes uqdk;y Hkkouk
dksuk fgUnhd rFkkdfFkr fgrSf"k;s lcgd }kjk rkj&rkj d;y xsyA cknks /kfj jkeeuksgj
yksfg;k lud ^vaxjsth gVkvks* vkanksyud usr`Ro dj;oyk usrk ^,d fyfi*d lokyij
fpUru djSr jgykgA nkslj fnl fyfi R;kfx pqdy Hkk"kkd vfLerkij ladV vcSr xsy] ts
^,d fyfi*d fopkj dsj vkRe?kkrh foQyrk NyA ,fg foMEcuk fnl k;% fpUrd
yksdfud /;ku ufg xsyfu ok tkfu cwf> ds vkf[k equus jgykgA
^eSfFkyh ifj"kn*es nsy xsy ,d Hkk"k.kes mes'k feJ ctus Nykg9 & vUres bZ Lej.k

djc vko';d fFkd ts ;kor vius yksdfu eSfFkyh fyfid pkj ufg c<+k;c] rkor eSfFkyh
Hkk"kkd tfM+ lq<+ ufg, gks;rA ,dek= fefFkyk{kjd pkj c<+vksus vuk;kl eSfFkyhd j{kk
gksbr jgr] vU;Fkk lrr~ vku yksd eSfFkyhd {ks=ds ladqfprs djckd ps"Vkes ykxy jgrA
,fg rjgd frf;k vusjksd mkstd frf;k ufg NyA fyfi R;kxl viu
Hkk"kkd vfLerkds Hkflvkbr nsf[kd ,gsu frf;k vfLerk&j{kkd ees vkfc jgy NyA
vejukFk >kd }kjk eSfFkyh ifj"knd Hkk"k.kes O; fopkj 10 & dksuks Hkk"kkd lkfgR;
r[kufg lokaZxiw.kZ Hk ldSr vfN t[ku vksfg Hkk"kkd ,d Lora= viu fyfi jgSdA ds ,gus
frf;kd Js.khes jk[ky tk ldSr vfNA
jkts'oj >k viu fdrkc ^fefFkyk{kjd mn~Hko vks fodkl*es fefFkyk{kj ok frjgqrk
76

fyfid fodkld oSKkfud foospu Lrqr d,us NfFk A gqudk fglkcs orZeku fefFkyk{kj fyfi
v'kksd dsj mkjh iwohZ vkns'k ys[k dsj ifjofrZr :i fFkd tdj iw.kZ fodkl pkfje ;k
ikfpe lnhes Hksy NyA11
eSfFkyh fyfid bfrgkl drsd iqjku vfN] bZ fooknd fo"k; Hk ldSr vfN eqnk bZ
vlafnX/k vfN ts eSfFkyh dsj kphu xzaFk ,gh fyfies fy[ky xsy NSdA ,fg xzaFkd v/;;u
vk vUos"k.kd leL;k ,dVk iS?k leL;k vfNA ,fg O;kogkfjd leL;k fnl /;ku fn;kcSr
1950 bZ0es nsy xsy viu ,d oO;es dqekj xaxkuan flag ctus Nykg12 & gejk yksdfud

kphu xzUFk trsd vfN k;% fefFkyk{kjes fy[ky vfN vkvksj ,[ku gtkjks xzaFk ,gu gSr
tdj irk ufg ykxy vfN vkvksj tsgks lc xzUFk irk ykxy vfN rdjks v/;;u]
vuq'khyu vkvksj dk'ku ckfd;s vfNA fefFkyk{kj fclfj xsus gejklHkd oSg gky gSr ts
p'ek gsM+k xsus p'ek ifgjfugkjd gksbr NfUgA
eSfFkyh lkfgR;d ijEijk frjgqrk fyfies c) Hk fodflr Hksy vfNA ,sfrgkfld
vFkok rduhdh vFkok dksuks vU; dkj.ks ,fg fyfids R;kxck ysy eSfFkyh ys[kd lcds
foo'k gqv, iM+yfUg] ,fg dkj.ks ,fg Hkk"kkds fyfifoghu dguk; mfpr ufg Hk ldS,A bZ
vksfg Hkkoukd vieku lsgks fFkd tkfg Hkkoukl vksr&ksr xk/kh vk yksfg;k tsgu fpUrd
usrk ^,d fyfi* dsj vkdka{kkds ewrZ :i nsck ysy ;kljr NykgA
t dfg;ks Hkfo";es fefFkyk{kj fyfids pyues vkuck ysy dksuks Hkkoh
tu&vkUnksyu fefFkykes gksbr NSd vk fefFkyk{kj Qsjl O;ogkjes vkc; ykx;] r[ku
nsoukxjh ek= cq>;oyk ysy eSfFkyhd VsDLV drsd vcw> Hk ldSr vfN] ,dj ek=
vuqekus yxk;y tk ldSr vfNA ,gu fLFkfr t dfg;ks cur r vksdj dkj.k fufpr :i
l eSfFkyh Hkk"kk vfLerkd mis{kk gks;r vFkok vfLerkewyd vlqj{kkd cks/k vFkok vk'kadk
gks;r vk ,dj ftEesnkjh ,fg ns'kes Hkk"kkb opZLooknd >aMk cqyUn dj;oyk lcgd gsrfuA
gkykfd ,uk gks;ckd ekxZ c tfVy NSd rFkkfi fefFkyk vks eSfFkyhd lUnHkZes
tsgu fLFkfr cfu jgy vfN] Hkfo";es frf;ko'k ,gu vfLerkewyd o`gr~ tu&vkUnksyud
laHkkoukds udkjy ufg tk ldSr vfN tkfges vusd jktuSfrd&vjktuSfrd vf/kdkjd
izud laxfg fyfi fnl ?kqjckd izugqds i;kZIr egRod lax lEcksf/kr d;y tk,A
lafo/kkud v"Ve~ vuqlwphes txg HksfV xsus ek=l dksuks Hkk"kkds vksrcfg lEeku i;ckd
xkjaVh ufg HksfV tkbr NSd] tdj vks vf/kdkjh gksbNA eSfFkyh ,fg lanHkZd ,dVk mnkgj.k
fFkdA fgUnhd vkykspuk vk vdknfed txr vkb;ks /kfj eSfFkyhds fgUnhd ,dVk ekrgr
cksfy,d :ies ns[kSr vfN] ts viekutud vk lkSgknZd Hkkoukd foijhr fFkdA
vUres ,dVk 'uij fopkj vko';d vfNA dh Lora= Hkk"kkd ysy vko';d vfN
ts vksdj viu i`Fkd fyfi gks,\ ,dj mkj vfN & ufgA usikyh] ejkBh vk
xqtjkrh FkksM+&csl viu&viu fo'ks"krkd lax nsoukxfj, fyfies fy[ky tkbr vfN]
ysfdu ,fg Hkk"kk lcgd fgUnhl i`Fkd Hkk"kk gks;ckes dksuks lUnsg O; ufg d;y tkbr
NSdA bZ ckr ckaXyk vk vlfe;kd lanHkZes lsgks ykxw gksbr vfN] tr; fyfid ekewyh vUrj
NSdA ,fg rjgsa bZ ckr i;kZIr cy nd dgy tk ldSr vfN ts rFkkdfFkr fgUnh {ks=d
vU; yksdHkk"kk lc tsuk fd czt] vo/kh] exgh] Hkkstiqjh] esokrh vkfnd Lora= Hkk"kk gsckd
nkokds ,fg rdZd vk/kkj ij fdUugq [kkfjt ufg d;y tk ldSN ts ,fg Hkk"kk lcgd
viu fyfi ufg NSdA ,fg Hkk"kk lcgd dfg;ks viu fyfi Ny ok ufg] bZ t:j v/;;u
vk vuqlU/kkud fo"k; Hk ldSr vfNA
lUnHkZ %
1- fxz;lZu] ,u baVksMD'ku vQ eSfFkyh ysaXost vQ ukFkZ fcgkj la-&1909] i`"B la-&10
77

2- laiknd&'kjnpU feJ vk dhfrZukjk;.k feJ] vk/kqfud eSfFkyh lkfgR; la -&1963] i`"B

la-& 17&18
3- tu chEl] vVykbUl vQ bafM;u fQyksyksth f}rh; la-&1968] i`"B la-&54
4- gjnso ckgjh] fgUnh : mn~Hko] fodkl vkSj :i la-1965] i`"B la-&59
5- jekukFk >k] eSfFkyhd orZeku leL;k la-&1966] i`"B la-&42
6- jk"VHkk"kk fgUnh ij egkRek xk/kh ds fopkj la-&2003 xk/kh Le`fr ,oa n'kZu lfefr] i`-4
7- oSg] i`"B la-&13
8- oSg] i`"B la-&13
9- ladyudkkZ & nsoUs >k] Hkk"k.k=;h la-&1983] i`"B la-& 3
10- oSg] i`"B la-& 17
11- jkts'oj >k] fefFkyk{kjd mn~Hko vks fodkl la&1971] i`"B la-&67
12- Hkk"k.k=;h] i`"B la-&58
i`B&23d kskkak
iwoZes fo|kifr ns[kkSus NykA fo|kifrd ipkr~ vksrcs n{krkiwoZd pUnk>k ns[kk jgyk vfN
vk pUns >k ns[kk jgyk vfNA
pUnk>k vusd LQqV ines izR;{k&vizR;{k vaxjsth jktd izfr vkksk O;Dr d;us
NfFkA jkek;.k fy[kckd ikNk gqudk bZgks izcy izsj.kk jgy gksbfu ts nqV Nyh iziaph
dkfeuh dkapu gj.k d;fugkj foLrkjoknh lezkVd ukk gks] jkejkT;d LFkkiuk gks] ls lEHko
fFkdA jkedFkk] tdjk ifgy csj eSfFkyhes izcU/kdkO;d vk/kkj cukSyfu pUnk>k] ls
lqfopkfjr jgy gks;rA vaxjst Hkkjrh; ewyd dal vFkok nq;ksZ/ku ufg Ny] tdj fo#)
vksdjs ifjokjd d`.k vFkok ;qf/kfBj Bk<+ gksbrfFkA vks r jko.k Ny] leqnzikjd ijkeh
vlqj] rdj ijkHko ysy jkesd iz;kstu NyA pUnk>kd jkek;.k] Hkufg vks tdj njckjes vk
tdj vknskl fy[ky xsy gks] ,fg egr~ m|s; fnl ts ladsr djSr vfN] lsgks
dfods ;qxizokZd cuk nSr vfNA
pUnk>k dsoy dfors fyf[kd ;qxizokZd dfo Hk ldS Nyk] eqnk lkfgR; dfors
Vk r ufg fFkdSA pUnk>kd n`fV ,gw fnl xsyfuA n`fV xsyfu] r rkgw fnl viu ;qxds
ckV /kjkSyfFku] vkxk c<+ck ysy vkf[k nsyfFkuA lHk tuS Nh ts vks bfrgkl fy[kckd izsj.kk
nsyfu] lkexzh lafpr d;yfu] izkphu dfo&if.Mrd [kkst d;yfu vk gqudk yksdful
ifjp; djkSyfuA fo|kifr;ksds fokq) eSfFkyhd dfo fl) d;fugkj izFke iq#k oSg jgfFkA
lHk bZgks tuSr Nh ts e0e0 ijesoj >k ts ^fefFkykrofoekZ*d jpuk d;yfu rdjks ysy
cslh ljatke pUns>k tqVkSus jgfFkuA vks i=&if=dkd vko;drkd vuqHko d;yfu rFkk
^eSfFky fgrlk/ku*d izdkkues mi;ksxh lq>ko nsyfuA vuqokndk;Zds lkfgfR;d fodkles
egoiw.kZ dM+h ekufugkjks ifgy O;fDr oSg jgfFkA vuqokns vks ek/;e fFkd ts foolkfgR;l
ifjp; djcSr vfN] viuks ifjp; c<+cSr vfNA vks lEiknud xqj lsgks fl[kkSyfuA
lkfgR;d fodkl dsoy vkReusinl ufg Hk ldSNA vkuks Bked lkfgR;ds ladfyr djc
vk vksdjk lqBq :ies izLrqr djc & bZ dksuks Hkfo;nzVsd cqf)es izFker% vkfc ldSNA
pUnk>k o`gkj turkds fpUgyfu] vksdj cksyds lkfgR;d e;kZnk nsyfu] yksdds dkO;l
tksM+yfu] lq/khtud cqf)ds LQhr d;yfu] vksdjk O;kid cukSyfu] lektes vkcoyk
ifjokZuds ns[kyfu] lektds cq>kSyfu ts ;qx cnfy jgy NS] vgw cnyw] r[kufg lalkjes
ekstj gks;r] us r xkscjd fpiM+h Hksy dksuks nsckyij ikFky jgcA
pUnk>k viu lkfgR;es ;Sg dgus NfFkA bZ dksuks ;qxizokZds dfg ldS vfNA
78

Bk
& Jh jkt dqekj feJ
pqEes ,d fnu dgyd & ^^gkS ;kj! ,Dds jaxd thoul vdPN Hk xsy NhA vius
Hkkul&Hkkr d#] vius [kkmA Hkksjl lk> /kfj MwVhd Fkkfd Msjk ?kq# r Qsj o,g
pqYgk&psdhes ykfx tkmA vkb&dkfYg ts le; fcrcS ysy Vh-oh-&jsfM;ks gksb NS]
fctyh&ckh nqvkjs ,r; Qsys vfNA fluseks&ldZl uSA dksuks laxh&lkFkh ok lefU/kd Msjkij
xsygq&,ygq r eksu cgVkjy tkb NSA lsgks ufg,A ,Dds Bke cSly&cSly eksu mfc;k
xsy,A**
,rck dFkk ckft pqEes pqi Hk xsyA ,dj xIid bZ vFkZ Hksy ts bZ eufg eu fdNq
fup; d pqdy vfNA gej Hkfjld izu&fpoyk eqgsB nsf[k vks vkxk xIi QfjNcS,A
^^--- gkS ;kj! rhu ekll ,Dds Bke iM+y&iM+y gej eu dksuk nu djS,A py
jkt/kkuh ,d fnuA ?kqfe&fQfj ysc] dus ekSt&eLrh d ysc r eu nkslj jax g,rA**
pqEes gej cky&l[kkA nquwd cnyhoyk uksdjhA drksd okZij la;ksxs ,dBke
pSuiqjes VdjsygqA Qsj nquw ,Dds Msjkes laxfg jg, yxygqA nquwd ?kj&ifjokj nwj jgS,A
^^[kkyh ckSvkb ysy ,rsd nwj fd, tses\** ge dgfy;SA
^^uS&uS] [kkyh ckSvkb ysy FkksM+csd tk,c] gejk ,dVk dksV lsgks cusckd vfNA
rdj diM+k dhfu ysc vk flcS ysy n nscSA gksVyes ekN&Hkkr [kk,cA efYVIysDles flusek
nsf[k lk> /kfj pSuiqj ?kqfj vk,cA fdulkbr t vcsj g,r r gej ,dVk lkj vkskfg jgSr
NfFk] fruds Msjkij jkfr chp vVfd tk,c vk nkslj fnu vUgjks[ks cl idfM+ ?kqfj vk,cA
MwVhd csj /kfj ,r, igqfp, tk,cA**
^^rksgj ds lkj vksr, jgS NFkqUg\**
^^fd,\ fcy[kwA fcy[kw ckcw dULVDku dEiuhes drgq dkt djS NfFkA eksckby
uEcj vfN,A nsjh gqv, ykxr r Qksud Msjkd irk iqfN yscfuA**
^^rksjk r nw&nwVk tSdsV NkSgsA r dksV fd, cucses\**
^^Qsj dksVd QSku ?kqfj ,yS,A bZ QSkuks fdNq fnuij vcSr&tkbr NSA ?kqfj&
fQfjd Qsj iqjus QSku vkfc tkb NSA vjs] gejk lklqjoyk dksV r NygsA jk[kys&jk[ky
ewl dqh&dqhd dkfV nsydA t vksdjk tksxkd j[kus jfgrgq r gejk ucdk dksV
cuc, ifM+r,\**
^^dksVd [kpZ r cM+ ifM+ tsrgq** & ge dgfy;SA
**ls vfN us ikp gtkj gkFkesA cksul HksVy,A**
^^gejk gkFkes ikb uS vfN] ls dfg nS fN;kS** & ge LiV dsfy;SA
^^rks gejk [kkyh Hkfj iks[k ekN&Hkkr [kksvk nhgsA ckdh dqYye [kpZ gej jgr** &
pqEes cktyA
pqEes lax gej ;kj ykxy vfNA vks gejk ;kj dfgrks vfNA eqnk vksdjk ge ukesl
kksj ikM+S fN;SA vlyes usuiues gejk nquwd chp vDdr esy nsf[k dfu;k dkdh gejk
nquwds dgus jgfFk ts cM+ esy vfN r viukes ;kj&;kj yxk yS tkmA fup; Hksy jg,
ts ,d&nksljkds ftysch [kqvk ;kj&;kj yxk yscA fu/kkZfjr fnu ge nquw xksV, ;kj yxc
igqpy jghA ge ifgus ftysch [kksvk nsfy;SA vks gejk rhu csj ^;kj&;kj* dfg kksj ikM+us
jg,A ftysch [kksv,ckd vkc vksdj ikj jgSA vks ftysch uS vuus NyA dksuks cgUuk ekfj
nsus jg,A vksb fnu ts vks ftysch uS vuus jg, rs ge vksdjk vkb /kfj pqEes dfg jgy
fN;SA vks gejk ;kj dgS,A ge vksdjk fdNqvks dfg;S eqnk us vks gej dksuks ckr dVS, vk
79

us ge vksdj dksuks ckr dVS fN;SA

^^csl] r py dkfYg, jkphA gejks flusek ns[kuk cgqr fnu Hk xsyA eqnk ts xNys
ls ikNk uS us uBes\ ge c# ekN&Hkkr [kksvk nsckS** & ge dgfy;SA
^^uS&uS] ge lIir [kkb fN;kS** & pqEes cktyA
Ckkr&ckres lIir [kk,c vk jfg&jfgd ckth yxk,c pqEesd vH;kls NSA
gejk yksdfu nquw xksV, jfo fnu Hkksjs&Hkksj fdNq ty[kSd Msjkl fcnk Hk ifgyqDds
cl idfM+ yS NhA pqEes [kwc izlUu vfNA vks r Msjkes ty[kS;ks us dj, nS NyA dg,
ykxy ts py vkb ty[kS;ks ckgjs djcA iwjh&rjdkjh vk ftysch [kk,cA ge dgfy;S ts
[kkyh isVs uS cgjkbA ?kj ngh r ckgjks nghA gejk gksb, ts cslh mRlkg ns[kscS r pqEes
dgha gejsl us [kpZ djc, ykx,A ge ekN&Hkkrd Vkdk Hkhrjdk tsches uqdk jkf[k usus NhA
cles <qfd pqEes jkphd nwVk fVdV dVcS,A jkph ,r,l pkfj&ikp ?kaVkd jLrk
NSdA cSlS ysy lhV pkghA lHkVk lhV ifgusl Hkjy vfNA vkp;Z ts Bk<+ks v[ku [kkyh
gegha nquw xksV, NhA gejk yksdfu izR;sd lhVij utfj ?kqjcS NhA vf/kdkak ;k=h lwry
NfFkA Hkks#dk cles izk;% ,fg ykbues ,uk gksbrks NSdA lqrykgk ;k=h lEHko ts jkph,
tsrkgA rs fufpUrl lwfr jgy NfFkA cld chpks&chp nwflkij [kkyh nwVk L=h tkxfy
Vqdqj&Vqdqj rkfd jgy vfNA
pqEesds ge dgS fN;S & ^^jkS] cqf> iM+S, vkb Bk<+s&Bk<+ tk, iM+rA**
^^uS&uS] vksr pyA bZ nquw efgyk yxS, yxs&ikles mrjSokyh NfFkA rs pkSpax yxS
NfFkA vkskfg lhVd dkres Bk<+ jgc vk [kkyh gksbr nsjh cSl tk,cA**
^^vPNk] [kkyh gqv ngh usA rksjk r vusjks gM+cM+h Hk tkb NkSA vksgks lHk nqjsd
iflatj NSdA [kkyh gsrS r tk, cSl jgcA** ge pqEesds dgS fN;SA
^^ckth yxses\ vks lHk drkS yxs&ikles mrjrSA**
ekN&Hkkr ysy ek= nw l; Vkdk gej ikfdVes jk[ky vfNA ge dFkhij ckth
yxkm\
^^py&py] jLrk&?kkVes ckth yxcS NfFkA dgydS tsA** bZ dgSr ge pqEes lax nquw
efgykd lhVd dkres Bk<+ Hk tkb NhA
cl viu xfr, tk jgy vfNA uhd cl NSA Bk<+ks jgus dksuks cslh vlkSd;Z uS gksb
NSA nwjd cles ,dVk /kfj gksb NS ts cM+h&cM+h dky ckn cl vVdS NSA chp&chpes
p<+fugkj ,d&nwVk] mrfugkj fd;ks ufgA pqEes lHkij utfj j[kus vfNA e ,gu ts cles
drgq lhV [kkyh Hksus yil vksdjk nQkfu yscA eqnk efgykoyk lhVij vksdj foksk /;ku
NSA bZ lhV vks eksVk&eksVh fufprs ekfuds pfy jgy vfNA
,fguk le; cgqr chfr xsyA vkc vks cld mijdk MaVk idfM+ viu
kjhjds ,dne <hy NksfM+ nsyd vfNA viu ?kkM+ds ckfgij uejk nsyd vfNA eqnk viu
utfj /kfj vks nquw efgykij vVdkSufg vfNA duh dky ckn vks ctS, ts vks lHk vksdjk
ns[ky yxS NSA ge vksdjk bZ dfg pqi djk nS fN;S ts vks lnfr lHkds nsf[k ,fguk ctS,A
ge lHk Bk<+s&Bk<+ viukes fdNq&fdNq xIid jgy NhA dr Hkkstu djckd vfN] dr
diM+k dhuc] dr lhc ysy nscS] dr vk dksu flusek ns[kc & ;Sg lHk xIi gksb,A
Qsj pqEes dgS, & ^^ns[k vkp;Z! nquw efgykd eqg ,Dds jax yxS NSA c;lks izk;%
nquwd chl&iphld gsrSA Hkfjld bZ nquw tkSvk vfNA bZ ,uesu flusekd Mcy jksy & lhrk
vk xhrk lu yxS,A
gegw dus dky xjl ns[kS fN;SA t:j bZ tkSvk fFkdA xksj o.kZ] ukd Bk<+] iS?k&iS?k
vkf[kA ds NksV] ds iS?k] dgc dfBuA nquw vkc gejk lHk fnl rkfd&rkfd viukes gfl&
gfl xfi;k jgfy vfNA
80

pqEes dgS, & ^^dsgu QjksZl NS! dksuk Vu&Vu ctS NS! ,rqDdk uS yxS, bZ lHkA**
pqEes Qsj dgS, & ^^tsuk yxS, drgq ns[kus gksb!**
^^gs] tuh tkfrl dus nwjs jgA cslh QVj&QVj djckd uS dkt NkSA** ge Qsj
vksdjk /kfd;kd pqi djk nS fN;SA
,d&Ms<+ ?kaVk r Hkb, xsy g,r gejk lHkds cles p<+ukA irk uS] vkc lhV HksVcks
djr dh Bk<+s tk, iM+rA ge r lhVd vkl NksM+ufg NhA nkslj fnl eqgd yS NhA
pqEes eqnk lhVd rkdes vfN,A
dus dky ckn nquwesl ,d efgyk pqEesds VksdS NfFku & ^^vgkds ns[kS Nh ts gejk
nquw xksV,ds yxkrkj ,dVd nsf[k jgy Nh] ls vgkds Mj&Hkj uS gksb, dh\**
^^dFkhd Mj\ vgw fVdV dVkSus g,c r gegw fVdV dVkSus NhA ckr ek= ,rcs ts
vgk lHk mrfj tk,c r ge lHk ,fg lhVij cSlc] l,gA cM+h dkyl ,dVaxk nsus NhA
i,jes >qu>quh Hkfj xsy,A** pqEes Qsj gejk fnl rkfd ckty & dh gkS ;kj\**
^^efgyk mRihM+ud dksuks dkuwu cuy NS ls vgk ds cw>y vfN dh uS\** nkslj
efgyk cktfyA
^^mRihM+u&rqRihM+ul gejk dksu eryc\** pqEes tokc nsydA
^^dksu eryc\ vgk lHk ,dckj uS i<+S Nh dh\ ,uk Hkd ekmx&esgfj ds ijskku
djc dkuwuh tqeZ fFkdSA vgkij ucdk lh0lh0 ,DV NsM+&NkM+ vf/kfu;ed /kkjk lHk
ykxrA rkfges tekurks uS g,rA py tk,c cwV yk/k** & ifgy efgyk ctyhgA
^^bZ gej laxh NfFkA bZ ,gu dkt uS d ldS NfFk** & ge nquw efgykds fouezrk&
iwoZd dgS fN;fuA
^^pksj&pksj efl;kSr Hkk, ,djs dgS NSA vgk r mfprs fgudj iPN yscSuA vgha
dksu nw/kd /kksvy Nh\ vgwd r fdjnkuh r[kul nsf[k, jgy NhA** nkslj efgyk cktfyA
ge ,egj ,dckjes ,gu lu fdNq ns[kus jfg;SA eqnk /;ku uS nsus jfg;SA gejk
ykxy ts ge lHk uhd tdk /kjk xsy NhA ge pqEesds dgfy;S & ^^NksM+ bZ lhV&rhVd
pDdjA py vksb dkr ikNk fnl pfy tkb NhA Bk<+s pfy tk,c r efj uS tk,cA** ge
pqEesd Msu idfM+ y tk, yxfy;SA
^^gs] dr pyygq vksegj\ yhv ,fg dkxrij nLk[kr d#A** ifgy efgyk dkxr
c<+cSr dgS NfFkA dkxres rrsd eghu vk[kjes fy[ky vfN ts pyrk cles i<+c dfBuA
^^bZ dksu dkxr fN;S\** pqEes iwNS,A
^^bZ fldkbfr dcwyukek fN;SA ,fgij nLk[kr d#A bZ v[kus efgyk mRihM+u
vf/kdkjhds nsy tsrSuA**
^^efgyk mRihM+u vf/kdkjh dr NfFk\** pqEes Qsj iqNydA
^^o,g vkxkes nkslj lhVij taxyk fnl ts vks<+uk vksf<+ cSlfy NfFk vk ftudj
dksjkes xkrh cUgus cPpk Nfu] l,g NfFk efgyk mRihM+u vf/kdkjhA**
gejkyksdfu dfFkr efgyk mRihM+u vf/kdkjh fnl rdS NhA >qudqV cw<+A vkxkd
nquw nkr VwVy NfuA bZ dsgu vf/kdkjh NfFk irk uSA cky&cPpk yd cSly NfFkA Qsj
eksues gksb, ts cls&cls lfjigq ,rsd efgyk vf/kdkjh ljdkj drl vkur\ r[ku Hk
ldS, ljdkj fdNq ikb nd dksuks efgyk ds efgyk mRihM+u vf/kdkjh MsftxusV d nSr
gksA vke pqukvkses ljdkj tdjk&rdjk ,fguk MsftxusVd eftLVsV cuk nS,A Bhds ,rsd
eftLVsV ljdkj drl vkur\ njekgks yxS NS fdus! ,gh njekgk nqvkjs ljdkj ijekusUV
fk{kd jk[kc cUu d nsyd vfNA fk{kdd LFkkuij de ikbes fk{kkfe= jkf[k yS,A
pqEes gejk lqLrs dkues dgS, & ^^Bhds vkb Qsjkes iM+ygq ;kj! ,dVk dj] vkLrs&
81

vkLrs xsV fnl lljy pyA tgk drgq cl #drS r ,d ckfx nkSfxd iM+k tk,cA ns[kS
fN;fu bZ cw<+h gejk lHk ds dksuk idM+S NfFk!**
nquw efgyk gejk lHkd psVk nsf[k cwf> iM+y ts bZ xfe xsyfFkA ifgy efgyk
pksfg ctyhg & ^^vgk lHk bZ uS cq>cS ts bZ efgyk vf/kdkjh vgk lHkds fdNq uS djrhgA
o,g nsf[k;kS] rslj us pkfje ikrhd lhVij ts nquw iq#[k cSly NfFk vks lknk Hksl /k,us
iqfyl vf/kdkjh NfFkA**
gejk yksdfu vkc iqfylds rkd yxygqA nquw iqfyl fofM;ksij flusek nsf[k jgy
NfFkA bZ nquw csl gk&dk cfyB vfNA nquw eksN fitk jgy vfNA ^^cki js cki! bZ
r ,Ddfg >ikes nquw ds idfM+ ysr** & pqEesd eqgl vuk;kls cgjk xsySA
dksuks nkslj mik; uS nsf[k pqEes vkc nquw efgyk yx ljsaMj d nsus NyA ckty &
^^gejk lHkds NksfM+ fnv eSMeA tkfud ge lHk fdNq uS d,ygqA vutkues xyrh Hk xsy
g,rA dku ekspkjS Nh] vkc Hkfo;es ,gu xyrh uS g,rA**
^^g&g] lHk pksj&mpDdk idM+kb NS r ,fguk dgS NSA fyv&fyv] nl[kr d#A
ikp&nl cj[k tsyes jgc r vius lks> Hk tk,cA** nkslj efgyk dus dBksj Hk
ctyhgA
pqEes gejk fnl rdydA ge pqEes fnl rdfy;SA ^^vkc dh djc gkS ;kj\** pqEes
cktyA
rkor nwVk iflatj mrjySA nwVk lhV [kkyh Hk xsy jgSA eqnk nquwesl ddjks vkc
cSlckd gksks uS NyA ge pqEes ds dgfy;S & ^^py] cSfld ikp feuV viukes fopkj d
yS Nh ts vkc dh dkZO;!**
^^cfguth] ge lHk ,fg fok;ij dfu;s viukes xIid yh\** pqEes cktyA
^^[kcjnkj] ts gejk lHkds cfguth dgygqA vgk lHkd pykdh gejk lHk [kwc cq>S
NhA viu eryc jgS, r ekrkth&cfguth vk eryc fudfy xsy r ewM+h ?kqekd iM+kb
NhA jLrkes uks no fjLrkA** duh dky jfg iqfu ctyhg & ^^csl vgk lHk ikp feuV
fopkj d fyvA gm,] vksfg [kkyh lhVij cSl tkmA** vkqjl ladsrd ifgy efgyk
ctyhgA
ge nquw xksV, [kkyh lhVij cSl tkb NhA
^^jkS] rks r ,y&,y0ch0 ikl NsA bZ lh0lh0 ,DV dksu dkuwu fN;S\** ge pqEesds
iqNfy;SA
^^/kqj] ge dfg;k dkuwu i<+fy;S\ ,d fnu fdrkc dhfu nkslj fnu ijh{kkes gwcgw
mrkfj nS Nfy;SA ,fguk rhuw ikV ikld xsfy;SA fMxzh HksV xsyA bZ dfg;k dkuwu cfu xsyS
ls fd,us xsfy;S! #d] gej ,dVk fifr;k llqj vksfdy NfFk] gqudsl iqNS fN;SuA uS&uS]
gqudkl dksuk iqNcSu! dh cq>rkg! Ekksu iM+y gej r ihlks vksfdy NfFkA gquds yxcS Nh
QksuA g] bZ uS dgcSu ts vius Lo;a ,fges Qly NhA** ,rck ckft pqEes ihlk ds Qksu yxcS
NfFkA
& ^^gsyks] ds ihlk\**
& ^^ds ctS Nh\**
& ^^vjs ihlk] gejk uS fpUgygq\ ge pqEesA xksM+ yxS NhA**
& ^^,s gkS pqEes! uhds jgA ,dl ,dSl gqvA ,s gkS] ,gu gksb! drsd fnu Hk xsy
rksjkl HksV HksukA fcvkgses rksjkl HksV Hksy NyA rksjk n, lqufy;g ts xqeyk fnl drgq
uksdfj;ks idfM+ ysygA --- g] r dg dfu;k&cPpk lHk uhds NFkqUg us\**
& ^^g] lHk Bhds vfN ihlkthA ,fg csj yksd lsok vk;ksxd ijh{kkes cSl jgy NhA**
pqEEks Qqfl, cktyA
82

& ^^okg&okg ckSvk] [kwc i<+ vk cM+dk gkfde cuA**

& ^^ihlkth] ,dVk dktd xIi NyA**
ihlkth pqIiA vksegjl fdNq vkokt uS vkfc jgy vfNA pqEes dgS, &
^^gsyks&gsyks**
& ^^gkS] v[ku gej gkFk ,dne [kkyh vfNA nqb, fnu iwoZ NksVdwds ikb iBsfy;S
cSadlA NksVdh iksrh lsgks drsd dkSih&fdrkc fduckSyd vfNA rks r vkc uksdjh dj
yxyg us pqEes\**
& ^^uS&uS] ikbd dkt uS Ny filkthA**
& ^^uS&uS] rks ikb fd, excg\ ge r vksfguk dgS Nfy;gA rks r vius
uksdfjgkjk HksygA gejs [kxrk g,r r rksjs lHkl iSap&ikyV djcA gs--- gs--- gs---A** ,fg csj
ihlkth mYykll ctS NfFkA
ihlk&ljcsVkd chp ,fg xIi ds uejSr nsf[k gejk Mj Hksy ts fu/kkZfjr ikp
feuVd le; d[ku us [kre Hk xsy vfNA nquw efgyk glSr&glSr ,Egjs rkfd jgy
NyhgA ge bkkjkl pqEes ds tYnh xIi [kre dj dgfy;SA
& ^^iqNygq ts dksuks ucdk lh0lh0 ,DV ekus NsM+&NkM+ vf/kfu;e cuyS, ,fg
okZ\**
& ^^iwjk r uS dgcgA ge ffeuy vksfdy uS NhA ge r flfoyd yksd NhA
cslh xIi r o,g lHk dgS tsrkgA gej r fe=s NfFk ffeuyesA eqnk rks tfurs Ng ts
MkDVj vk vksfdy fcuq ikbd ,d Msx uS lljS NfFkA ikp gtkj Qhl NfuA fdNq iqNcSu
r ikp gtkj pktZ d nsrkgA ffeuy vksfdyd ,egj cM+ pyrh Hk xsyS,A eqnk
lqufy;S, ts cM+ [kjki /kkjk NSdA ,d csj ts pkNes ifM+ xsy rdj loZLokUr cq>gA eqnk
rks fd, iqNS Ng ,fg lEcU/kes\** ihlk iqNS NfFkA
& ^^uS&uS] dksuks rsgu ckr ufgA** pqEes ckr uqdk ysydA ^^vPNk ihlk] v[ku j[kSr
NhA** pqEes gM+cM+kbr Qksu dkfV nS,A
^^lquygh us xIi\** pqEes dgS,A
^^gw ---A**
pqEes fdNq lksfp gej gkFk idM+us&idM+us efgyk yx igqpS,A
^^eSMe] gejk lHk ds NksfM+ fnvA pkg&iku ysy c# fdNq jkf[k fyvA**
nquw efgyk ,d&nksljk ds rkfd fcgqlSr NfFkA gejk yksdfu lsgks fgudk lHkd Hkko
ijf[k vkoLr gksbr NhA eues gksb, vkc dnkfpr~ dkuwuh ipM+kl ckfp tk,cA
^^vPNk cslA vksuk r chl gtkj gsckd pkgh] eqnk vgk lHk nls gtkj cgkj
d#A**
^^chl gtkj dksuk Hksy\** pqEes iqNS,A
^^fd,\ nl nquk chl gtkj ufg Hksy\** ifgy efgyk ifgus viu fnl vk Qsj
viu lafxuh fnl vkqj ns[kcSr ctyhgA
ge lHk pqIi Hk tkb NhA dus dky ckn pqEes eqg [kksyyd & ^^bZ r vU;k; Hksy
eSMe!**
^^vgk lHk vksuk uS ekuoyk NhA #dw] efgyk vf/kdkjhds dgS fN;fuA** nkslj
efgyk ctS NfFkA
ge pqEes ds dkues dgfy;S & ^^pqIi jgA viu eqg v[ku lqiqV d,us jgA uS r
Vsud eftLVsV psfdaxes idM+k,y iflatj tdk gky Hk tsrkSA trsd thp djes rrsd
ijskkuh c<+Sr tsrkSA**
^^uS&uS eSMe] vgk vuqfpr fd, dgcS\** ge dgfy;SuA Qsj ge pqEes ds gVSr
83

efgyk ds lquk dgfy;S & ^^rksjk bZ Kku uS Ngq ts Hknz efgyk lHk lax dksuk xIi djh\ bZ
lHk Qwfl ctrhg\**
^^lkWjh eSMe! vly xIi vfN ts ge lHk rrsd ikb yd uS cgjk,y NhA cksul
mBkSus jghA lkspus jgh ts ,fg csj dksV cuck,cA fd,us xsfy;S ts bZ ijkHko g,r!** ,fg
csj ,dne uje gksbr pqEes cktyA
^^gb] ,rsd xIi fgudk lHk ds fd, lqucS NgqUg\** ge pqEes ds dgfy;SA
^^,dVk djc eSMe\ jkph igqfp ,0Vh0,e0l fudkfy ikb n nsc] ls g,r\** pqEes
cktyA
^^uS&uS] gejk lHk ds ,rsd Qqjlfr uS vfN ts vgk lHkd ikNw&ikNw tk,cA vk t
mrfjd vgk lHk iM+k tkb r[ku\ vgk lHkd dksu Bsdku\---- vPNk] drsd vfN vgk lHk
yx\** ifgy efgyk ctS NfFkA
^^ikps gtkj vfN** & pqEes cktyA
^^vk fgudk yx drs Nfu\** nkslj efgyk fcgqlSr gejk fnl rkfd ctyhgA
^^gsg] ;kj viuk lax ikb yd pyr\ gets fN;Su laxes!** pqEes efgykds tokc
nsydA
pqEesd ,fg O;aX;ij gej eksu [kkSa>k tkb,A eqnk ifjfLFkfr nqvkjs ge nkr dhfp
jfg tkb NhA
^^vPNk] ykm ikps gtkjA vgk lHk uhd yksd yxS Nh] rs NksfM+ nsygqA** ifgy
efgyk fcgqlSr ctS NfFkA
pqEes tsch lHkl Vks&Vkd ikp gtkj Vkdk iqjk ifgy efgykd gkFkes nSr ctS, &
^^fyv xfu fyvA
pqEesd gkFkl ikb ySr nquw efgyk vkc f[kyf[kykd gl, yxS NfFkA nquw
efgyk ,dVd pqEes fnl rdS NfFkA
^^;kS ikgqu! gejk lHkds vgk lHk uS fpUgygq\** nkslj efgyk pqEes ds iqNS NfFkA
gejk yksdfu nquw efgyk fnl rkfd vokd~ NhA
^^ikgqu] ge lHk #uq&>quq Nh & vgkd lkfjA ge r vgk ds fcvkgses dgus jgh
ts ,d&us&,d fnu vgk lHk ds Bfdd ns[kk,cA ls dgw ts vkb dsgu Bdku BdsygqA**
^^,s] vgk lHk #uq&>quq ;S\ rs r dgh ts ns[ky&ns[ky fd, yxS,A ,egj vgk lHk
dksuk v,ygq\ cgqr fnu Hk xsy us! rs r rsuk Hkd uS fpUgygqA** pqEes lsgks #uq&>quqds
phfUg cktyA pqEes Qsj gejks dgyd & ^^ns[kygh us! ge dgS Nfy;kS us ts bZ lHk gejk
drgq ns[ky&ns[ky yxS NfFkA rks fookls us djS NysA**
^^gejk nquw cfgfu ds cSades uksdjh Hk xsyA dkfYg, Mqejh xqeyk ftyk Tokbu
d,ygqA vkb jkph tkb NhA ikik lHk cnyh Hk v[ku jkph, us vkfc xsyf[kUgA vkb vgk
lHk ds uS NksM+Soyk NhA pyS pyw jkphd MsjkijA ikik&eEeh ts [kqk gsrhg vgk lHkds
nsf[kdA vgk lHkd cM+ ppkZ gksbr jgSr vfNA**
gejk lHk ds drgql izk.kes izk.k vk,yA pqEes tsuk QDd n fulkl NksM+ydA
gejk eksu ifM+ xsy pqEesd fcvkgd xIiA bZ #uq&>quq pqEesd iRuhd lk{kkrs
fifr;kSr cfgfuA nquw tkSvkA i<+ck&fy[kckes cM+ pUlxfj jgfFkUgA pqEesd fcvkges bZ lHk
gkb bldqyes i<+Sr jgfFkUgA nquw papyks rfgukA fcvkges pqEesds uaxks&paxks d nsus
jgfFkUgA
^^vgk lHk nquw ;kj t[ku viukes xIi djSr cles p<+Sr jgh] rkgh le;es ge nquw
cfgfu vgk lHk ds phfUg xsy jgh vk fopkjus jgh ts vkb vgk lHk ds t:j Ndk,cA bZ
vgkd oSg ;kj fFkdkg us ts lnfr Vksih ifgjus jgSr Nykg vk fcvkges vgkd vkxw&ikNw
84

djSr jgSr NykgA ;Sg us >quq ds dksgkij Bsfy nsus jgfFkUg** & #uq glSr ctyhgA ^^rfg;s
us ge lHk vgk lHkds dgus jgh ts ,d&us&,d fnu ,dj cnyk t:j lBk;cA pyq] vkc
fglkc&fdrkc cjkscfj Hk xsyA** bZ dfg nquw cfgfu fBfB;k&fBfB;k gl, yxyhgA gqudk
lHkd lax gegw lHk gl, yxygqA
pqEes gej dkUgij gkFk n ckty & ^^g&g] bZ gej oSg ;kj fFkdA**
^^ge lHk vgk lHk ds cM+h dkyl Bk<+ d,us Nh] rkfg nqvkjs ekQh fnvA vkc
vgk lHk gej lHkd lhVij vkjkel cSfl tkmA** #uq&>quq viu lhVl mfB gejk lHkds
cytksjh cSlk nS NfFkA la;ksxs cxyfges nwVk vkj lhV [kkyh Hk tkbr vfNA #uq&>quq lsgks
cSfl tkb NfFkA
i`B&39d kskkak
fuks/k cq>ckd pkghA pUnk >kd vk/kqfudrkd pkfje y{k.k ts ,r; ns[kkc nSr vfN] ls
fFkd & dforkes m)`r fooj.kd dksuks&us&dksuks foksk lUnHkZ] vFkok lUnHkZ&O;fDrd g,cA
rkRi;Z ts dksuks ckr vks vksfguk dfod Hkkoks}sx&ok ufg dfg tkbr NfFk] rdjk ikNk ,d
fufpr ladsr jgSr vfNA t[ku pUnk >k dgSr NfFk & ^ufg ge wj kwj&tu&ukkd* r
bZ ek= gqud nhurkd vfrjsd dFku Vk ufg fFkd] bZ gqudk dkyd dksuks tehUnkj] dksuks
jktk ok jktdeZpkjhd foksk lUnHkZ fFkd] tdjk ysy gqud thou&izlaxds vk gqud
LFkku&dkyds ns[ky tk,c vko;d vfNA
nkslj] ,d ckr ge dgygq ts vks viu dfo&LoHkkod dkj.kl lsgks viu la?kkZds
c<+cSr jgSr Nykg] [krjk eksy ySr jgSr NykgA dksu dfo&LoHkko Ny bZ\ fufprs
^uV&HkV&xk;d*oyk izkphu dfod LoHkkol fHkUu gqud dfo&LoHkko jgy gsrfuA ;qx&/
keZds Lohdkj djckd vko;drk vk lR; vk rF;ds fcuq xksafx;kSus dfg ldckd lkgl &
bZ gqud dfo&LoHkko Nyfu] vk ls vkR;fUrd :il vk/kqfudrkd nsu NyA bZ dfo&LoHkko
izkphu vk vk/kqfud dfods vyx&vyx fpUgckd ysy ,d egoiw.kZ midj.k fFkdA ,gh
dfo&LoHkkod cnkSyfr vks bZ dfork fyf[k ldSr Nykg &
U;k;d Hkou] dpgjh uke] lHk vU;k; Hkjy ,fg BkeA
ls] gejk izrhr gksbr vfN ts pUnk >k fufpr :il rRdkyhu le; vk lektd
ifjizs{;es ,d ,gu O;fDr Nykg ts viu fpUrues le; vk lektl vkxw NykgA cgqrks
ckr vfN] tdjk gqudk fpUrues lw=c) ns[ky tk ldSr vfN vk ts
mkjkskj ;qx&ifjokZud izfrBkiues lg;ksxh HksyA fefFkyk&fok;d kks/k vk vuqlU/kkuds
vks fo/ks; vk O;kogkfjd cukd pyues vuyfuA O;ofLFkr ys[ku] tdj :i&js[kk fufprs
Js.; lkfgR;d Ny] dsj lw=ikr dsyfu tdj fHkfkij vktqd eSfFkyh lkfgR;d lEiw.kZ
egy Bk<+ vfNA eqnk] ,djk laxfg ,d dkt vks vkj dsyfu] ls fFkd & Js.;rkd
rkuk&ckukes yksdokfnrk vk yksdn`fVd vk;kstuA lkfgR;ds ts ^e;kZnk* vks nsyfu] ls
yksdn`fVl vuqkkflr NyA bZ gqud lHkl iS?k vonku fN;fuA
i`B&114d kskkak
t ge ,dj lwph cuk;c kq# djh r ,dj cgqr iS?k lwph cfu tkvksrA fdUrq ,fg
lHk pqukSrhd vfUre lek/kku dh vfN\ r ge dg pkgc ts bZ cgqr vklku vfN
vk ,dne eqr lsgks tdjk vgk lgt d`fkd ek/;el izkIr d ldSr NhA
vf/kd tkudkjh ysy d`i;k bUVjusV lkbV www.sahajkrishi.com ok
www.sahajayoga.org d iz;ksx djhA
85

vfUre i=
& Jherh eSfFkyh Bkdqj
ckck cS|ukFkd izkax.k nso?kjes pk:dkr miu;us&miu;uA lHk fnl pgy&igy]
<ksy&fiigh] xhr&ukn vk iafMrd ea=ksPpkj.kd chp d,y xsy goud /kqvkl miuSfrd
laxs lHkd vkf[k uksjk;y o yky lu Hksy NyA ckckd efUnjd pk:dkr tsEgj ns[kw
miu;ues vk,y yksdd HkhM+] ea=ksPpkj vk chp&chpes ckckd t;&t;dkjl xqatk;eku
nlks&fnkkA
ckxhk dqekjd csVk nsoskd miu;u vk lsgks vksghBke ckckd izkax.kses Hk jgy
NyfUgA xkel ckxhkd ek;] iRuh mkk] Hkkmt vkuUnh] Hkrhtk&Hkrhth] nj&nsvkn vk lHk
lj&dqVqEc vkfc viu&viu lg;ksx n jgy Nyf[kUgA lHkd eu mYyflr Ny( fdUrq]
ckxhkd eu d[kuks d mnkl Hk tkfUgA bZgks LokHkkfods Ny( dkj.k] ,dek= tsB Hkkb
e`R;qat; ufg vk,y Nyf[kUgA Hkkmt vkuUnh lsgks csfj&csfj eksckbyij gqudkl ufg
v,ckd dkj.k tkuckd dksfkk d jgy Nyhg( eqnk Qksu ufg yxfUgA ;Kd vkxu Ny]
lHk O;oLFkk ns[kckd NyfUg] rSa vkuUnh viu csVh liukds eksckbyij ikikd lekpkj cqf>]
dgckd Hkkj n dke&dktes O;Lr Hk xsyhgA lHkd bPNk NySd ts vkpk;Z e`R;qat;s
cfurfFkA vks pkbuk cksMZjij yk[kes nkSyrcsx vksYMh (Doultbeige Oldie) iksLVij vkehZes
duZyd inij dkt d jgy NykgA vksrfgl vks lwpuks nsus Nyf[kUg ts miu;ues pkfj
fnuqd Nqh y, vks igqfp jgy NfFkA vkc gqudk ufg igqpckd dkj.ks ckxhkds Lo;a
vkpk;Z gkse; iM+yfUgA ,guk fLFkfres ifjokjd izR;sd lnL;d eksu [kfl iM+ySdA ek;
csfj&csfj iksrhl csVkd lekpkj cq>ckd iz;kl djSr Nyhg] eqnk lHk O;FkZA
tusm lEiUu Hk xsyA ckckd nkZu d,ykd mijkUr Hkkstu d tdjk tr; ts
ns[kckd] fduck&cslkgckd NySd] rS lHkes O;Lr Hk xsyA miuSr c#vk nsosk] dkdh
vkuUnhl cky&lqyHk ftKklkes ckft mBy & ^dkdh! QkSth dDdk ufg v,ykg\ gejk
gqudkl dqh!* vkuUnh cPpkds dksjl yxcSr dgyf[kUg & ^vgkd dDdkth xkefgaes vkSrkg
( vgkd ts lHk ekx vfN] lHk fdNq HksVrA* njvly nsoskds e`R;qat; lkbfdy xNus
Nyf[kUg] rSa vks vkuUnhd dgyk mkj [kqk Hk xsyA
vkuUnhds Qqjlfr t[ku HksVyfUg] vks vkjke dj; fcNkvksuij iM+yhgA gqudk nw
c[kZ ifgus ,ghBke ckckd efUnjes lEiUu Hksy viu csVk uhyskd tusm eksu iM+yfUgA
e`R;qat; ,d lIrkgd Nqh ysus NykgA drsd mYykll miu;u Hksy NyA e`R;qat;
lHkd /;ku j[kSr] glSr&glkcSr] lEiw.kZ okrkoj.kds vk lHk vkxUrqd yksdfuds izQqfYyr
d,us NykgA nkslj fnu ,dVk iS?k xkM+h d, lHkds cklqdhukFk y tkd lHkd lax
nkZu&iwtk d,us NykgA xke ?kqjSr dky /kfj gqudj O;ogkj vk vknj&lRdkjl ddjks bZ
Hkku ufg HksySd ts dksuk xkel fcnk Hksy Ny vk dksuk okil xke igqfp xsyA
vkf[kd vkxk vks n`; mHkjyfUg] t[ku Hkh[k nse; dkyes lksjgks k`axkj d,us
gqudj :i nefd jgy NyfUg( e`R;qat;l gqudj lk<+w etkd d,us jgfFkUg & ^lk<+w! vkb
vkuUnhd :id lkSUn;Z vizfre vfN] dus lEgfj d!* e`R;qat;d utfj lsgks vkuUnh,ij
NyfUgA ,dkUr ikfcrs etkd db, cSlyf[kUg & ^vkuUnh] lpeqp vkb fcvkgd jkfr eksu
ifM+ xsyA* vkuUnh kekZbr vk glSr ckty Nyhg & ^duZy lkgsc] ihvj ihrkEcjh /kksrhes
vgw uodk fcvkgy ojd vkHkkl nSr NhA* vksgh fopkj&Hkkoukd ees vks eksud fgyksjes
drsd uhd&cstk, xIi lkspSr] [kus eqLdkbr] [kus xEHkhj gksbr viu fopkjes rYyhu Nyhg
fd r[kus nsvksj ckxhkd vkokt lqfu pkSadyhg ^HkkSth] xke t,ckd rS;kjh d#] xkM+h
86

ykxy vfNA* vkuUnhd rUnzk VqVyfUgA vks gM+cM+kbr mfB xke ?kqjckd rS;kjhes ykfx
xsyhgA
cgknqjiqj xkees lHk o.kZd yksd jgSr NyA vksfg xked eqf[k;k fcUnslj
vk ljiap Nsnhyky] xked leLr lj&lektds ,df=r d, miuSrhd ifjokjd xke
?kqjckd cslczhl ckV tksfg jgy NykgA lHkd vfHkykkk ts duZy lkgscl lsgks HksV g,rA
e`R;qat; ek;d okLrs rhu&pkfj eklij nqb;ks&rhu fnuqd [kkfrj vo; xke vcSr NykgA
viu ifjokjd /;ku j[Skr] vks le; fudkfy iwjk xke Vgfy vcSr NykgA lHkd nq[k&lq[k
lqfu cksy&Hkjksl lsgks nSr Nyf[kUg vk ;Fkko;d viuk Hkfj ;FkklEHko enfr lsgks djSr
Nyf[kUgA xked jk/kk&d`.k efUnjd izkax.kes eqf[k;k&ljiapd lax lEiw.kZ lekt cSlSr
NyA vksfg chp cSfl e`R;qat; xIi&lIi vk glh&etkd djSr viu QkSth thoud ckr
lqucSr Nyf[kUgA gqudk lHkds vks crcSr Nyf[kUg ts dksuk vks lHk nqeuds [ksgkfj&
[ksgkfjd xksyhl HkqtSr NfFkA vk laxfg viu ,dksVk tokuds [kjksp /kfj ufg vkc;] rdj
dksuk /;ku j[kSr NfFkA chp&chpes gqudj cgknqjhd f[kLlk lqfu D;ks Vksfd nfUg & ^vk;
;kS duZy lkgsc] lhekij xksyh&ckjhes tkud Hk; r lfn[ku yxys jgSr g,rA* e`R;qat;
eq[kkfrc gksbr dgfFkUg & ^dkdk] ge ,fg xked csVk fN;S] dfg;ks xked eqM+h uhpk ufg
gkse; nscSdA nskd j{kkes lefiZr Hkkol ykxy jgc vk vko;drk iM+ykij nskd ysy
viu tku rd vfiZr djc r ,dVk QkSthd /keZ fFkd us! gejk ysy ek;&ckid lax nskks
vksrcfg loksZifj vfNA* ,d csj ,fguk xIi&lIid ees e`R;qat;l fdNq, nwjij lkeukes
cSly lqD[kq iklokud ikp c[kZd ckyd uUgdw Bk<+ Hkd viu ikp Vdkoyk cUuwd
ns[kcSr ckft mBy & ^QkSth dDdk] gejks cUuwd vfN nqeuds ekj ysyA Bk;&Bk;A*
e`R;qat; vksdjk dksjkes mBk ctykg & ^uUgdw] ,[ku rks cPpk Ng] ifgus i<+kb dj] cknes
QkSth cfu nsk&lsok dfjgA* rRipkr~ vks vksfgBke mifLFkr lHk cPpkds fefyVjh
dSfUVul vkuy pkWdysV nSr Nyf[kUgA vksrcfg ufg] Hkjksfl;k nksdkud cuy xje&xje
lekslk] fyh vk pkg exckd lHkd lax glSr&cktSr] [kkbr&ihcSr] lHkds vkuUn&foHkksj
d,us jgSr NykgA
,[ku ckck/kkel ykSVy ifjokjes e`R;qat;ds vuqifLFkr nsf[k xzkeh.k yksdfu mnkl
Hk xsykgA QkStd uksdjh] d[ku Nqh HksVr] d[ku ufg( bZ lksfp lHkd eksu kkUr djSr
fcUnslj] ckxhkds ?kjd dktes lHkd lg;ksx nsckd fookl fnvkSyf[kUgA
,gh chp vkuUnhds duZy lkgscd Qksu v,yfUgA lHkd psgjk gkZl Hkfj xsyA
vkuUnh ctyhg & ^lhekij phuh ?kqliSfB cf<+ xsy NS] rSa gqudk ,[ku Nqh ufg HksVrfUgA*
e`R;qat; viu ek;ds iz.kke djSr fpUrk ufg djckd vkxzg dsyf[kUgA ckxhkds lsgks ek;]
cky&cPpk vkvksj ifjokjes lHkd /;ku jk[kckd ckr dgyf[kUgA miuSr cPpk nsoskds
vkkhokZn nSr dgyf[kUg & ^ge vfcrs vgkd Qjekbk iwjk djcA* vUres e`R;qat; xked
eqf[k;k&ljiap lHkl lsgks xIi dsyfUgA
nksljs fnu ckxhk t[ku jsfM;ksij lekpkj yxkSyfUg] r[kus lquyfUg & ^cksMZjij
vnE; lkgl vkvksj ohjrkd lax yM+Sr duZy e`R;qat; dqekj kghn Hk xsykgA dSIVu flag
vkvksj nw xksV flikgh xEHkhj :il ?kk;y NfFkA nsk vkb ohjxfr izkIr kghn duZy ysy
ureLrd vfNA kghn duZyd nskd ysy nsy cfynkuds fpjdky /kfj Lej.k d,y
tk;rA vks viu tku tk,l iwoZ ohjrkd lax nqeul yM+Sr jgykgA vusd flikghds
cpcSr nqeuds vkf[kjh lkl /kfj ekjSr pfy xsykgA phuh lsuk dsj nkr [kk d,
rgl&ugl djSr viu nskd tehul [knsfM+ ckgj dsykgA vUres grizHk phuh lsuk
ikNkl /kks[kkl geyk d, duZy lkgscd tku ysydA*
ckxhkd gkFkl jsfM;ks [kfl iM+yfUgA iwjk ifjokjes dksgjke efp xsyA vkuUnh
87

eqfNZr Hk xsyhgA ek; ngkM+ ikfj dku yxyfUgA csVk&csVh] Hkkb & leLr ifjokj phRdkj
dj; ykxyA csVh liukds lEgkjukb eksfLdy Hk xsyfUgA miu;ud vkxues tr; ,[ku
/kfj gkksZYykl Ny] rr; ,dk,d lHk fdNq lqukQM+es cnfy xsyA lkSals xke ,fg nq?kZVukd
[kcj lqfu LrC/k NyA r[kus eqf[k;k fcUnslj vk ljiap Nsnhyky vkfc duSr ctykg &
^vgk yksdfu fd, duSr Nh\ duZy lkgsc r viu ?kjfgd ufg] lkSals xked liwr NykgA
nskd j{kk djSr ohjxfr izkIr d,us NfFkA kghnd ysy kksd djc mfpr ufgA vksuk r
lkalkfjd lEcU/kd eksgok ,fg ihM+k] ,fg foNksgd Vhll vius yksdfu thou Hkfj mcfj
ufg ik;c( eqnk oLrqr% gqudkij ge lHk xoZ djh & b,g /keZ fFkdA*
nkslj fnu duZy lkgscd frjaxkes yisVy ikfFkZo kjhj t[ku jkVd ohj lSfudd
lax cgknqjiqj igqpy] r iwjk bykdkd kksdkrqj tulewg mefM+ iM+yA D;ks flldSr] D;ks
tkj&cstkj dkuSr] D;ks Nkrh ihfV&ihfV phRdkj djSr] tksj&tksjl kksj dj; ykxy &
^e`R;qat; ckcwd t;! kghn duZy lkgsc vej jgs!!* ,Egj duZy lkgscd ifjokjd lHk
yksd] ek;] iRuh] Hkkb&Hkkcgq] f/kvk&iqrk & lHk Hk;kog lnekes Mwcy ngks&cgks uksj cgk
jgy NyA ,d fnl ek; iNkj [kkfFk] nkslj fnl iRuh gqdjSr /kjrhij yksVfFkA ckxhkd
nsg r tsuk vpsr Hk iM+y NyA f/kvk&iqrk lHk lsgks duSr csgky NyA ,gh chpes ikfFkZo
kjhj yx tk nsosk ckft mBy & ^dDdk mBw! ge lkbfdy ufg yscA ge fdNq ufg
ekxcA* lqD[kq iklokud ikp c[kZd ckyd uUgdw lsgks dkres Bk<+ dkfu jgy NyA vksgks
duZy lkgscd ikfFkZo kjhj yx vkfc gqudk eqg fnl rdSr dg; ykxy & ^QkSth dDdk!
vkc f[kLlk ds lqusrS\* vk Qsj viu ipVfd;k cUuwd gkFkes mBk dgyd & ^ge ,fg
cUuwdl vksfg lHk yksdds ekfj nscSd ts vgkds ekjus NfFkA*
kh?kzfg nkg&laLdkjd vksfjvkvksu gkse; ykxyA ?kjfg yxd vius xkNhes fprk
ykxy vk lSfudd lykeh o jktdh; lEekud lax duZy lkgscd nl c[kZd iq= uhysk
viu firkds eq[kkfXu nsyfUgA leLr mifLFkr tulewg ifjokjd kksdes lfEefyr Hk
nkg&laLdkj lEiUu djk] ugk&/kks frykatfy n, viu&viu ?kj ykSVyA viu&ijkj]
lj&lEcU/kh lHk fefy xaxkdkr tk, duZy lkgscd Jk) lEiUu dsyfUgA xke vkfc lsgks
lekt vks bV&fe=ds fueaf=r d, O;kid :il izhfr&Hkkstd vk;kstud lax duZy
lkgscd fnoaxr vkRekd kkfUr ysy izkFkZuk d,y xsyA Jk)&;Kd lekiud ipkr~
lR;ukjk;.k Hkxokud iwtk&dFkk lsgks HksyA
,gh chp ?kjes vk,y Mkdds muVkcSr vkuUnhds viu uked ,d xksV fyQkQ
HksVyfUgA vks fyQkQ y, viu dksBjhes tk vksdjk [kksyyfUgA i= [kksfyrs duZy lkgscd
fy[kkoV nsf[k dus dky vkuUnh grizHk jfg xsyhgA Qsj i<+; yxyhg &
^fiz; vkuUnh] lnSo [kqk jgwA
vfgBke ,[ku ?kqliSfB cf<+ xsy NSd( cksMZjij phuh ?kqliSfB;k lHk xkees ?kqfl
minzo epk jgy vfNA nw fnul jkfr&fnu lHkd MwVh ykfx xsy NSdA ge ,[ku
viu :ees vk,y NhA ,d ?kaVk ckn xkM+h vkvksr] r[ku Qsj tk;cA bZ i= fyf[k jgy
Nh] vksrck le; vfNA i= dfg;ks [kre ufg gksbr NSdA vks r ftuxhd /kjksgj gksbr
NSdA vkuUnh! ,[ku ,rqdk fLFkfr cM+ xEHkhj NSdA d[kuks fdNq Hk ldSr NSdA vgkd
ifr ohjrkl yM+rkg( viu ihB ufg ns[kkSrkgA vkuUnh] ;fn ge dksuks dkj.ks ohjxfrds
izkIr djh] r gej vuqjks/k vfN ts vgk ,dks jkh kksd ufg djcA viukds vk laxfg lkSals
ifjokjds lEgkjcA vgk ,dne uksj ufg cgk;cA ohj ejSr ufg vfN] kghn gksbr vfNA
ns[kw] nskes jkst cl] Vsu] gokb tgkt vkfnd nq?kZVuk gksbrs jgSr NSd( ckf<+] rwQku] HkwdEi]
chekjh o vU; dkj.ks lsgks drsdks ifjokjd lgkjk fNuk tkbr NSd( ijap le; lHkd ?kko
Hkfj nSr NSdA ,dVk QkSthd ysy ohjxfr izkIr dsukb xkSjod ckr gksbNA*
88

vkuUnh i= i<+ukb jksfd lqcdSr cqncqnsyhg & ^duZy lkgsc! thckd ysy lHk
t:jh NSdA bZ lR; fFkd ts e`R;q pkgs dsgquk gks;] e`R;q vkf[kj e`R;q, fFkdA tk,oykd lax
D;ks ufg tkbN( vks r pfy tkbr vfN( ijap vksdj ifjokj Hkfj ftuxh dqgkbr jgSr vfN
vk bZ dksuks HkqDrHkksxh, cqf> ldSNA*
Qsj vkpfjl uksj iksNSr i<+; yxyhg & ^vkuUnh! t[ku gej iksfLVax uxjkSVk
tEewes Ny] r[ku viu cxyxhj dSIVu oekZ eksu NfFk us] nquw ifjokj fefy oS.kksnsohd
nkZu dj, xsy NygqA drsd vkuUne; ;k=k Ny! oekZth t[ku tEew cksMZjij ikfdLrkuh
QkStd fo#) yM+Sr kghn Hksy Nykg] r[ku vgh felst oekZds drsd lkURouk vk vkRecy
nsus Nfy;fUg! o,g /kS;Z ,oa vkRecy viugq jk[kc & bZ vkkk vfNA*
uksj iksNSr vkuUnh iqu% eksufg eksu ctyhg & ^duZy lkgsc! vudk cksy&Hkjksl
lHk nSr NSd( ijap] t[ku viuk mij foifkd igkM+ VwfV iM+Sr NSd] r[ku vfdy gsjk
tkbr NSd vk ftuxhd izR;sd {k.k dkVc eksfLdy Hk tkbr NSdA*
iqu% vkxk i<+; yxyhg & ^vkuUnh! vgkd r ukes vfN vkuUnh] vkuUn
dj,okyhA vgk dfg;ks mnkl ufg jgcA*
i=l /;ku gVk vkuUnh lkspyfUg & ^ukel Hkyk dh gksbr NSd! uked vuqlkj t
gsfr;Sd r vkb vgw----A* ,rck lkspSr ,[ku /kfj dksuks rjgs FkEgy uksj iqu% cg; yxyfuA
i=es vkxk fy[ky vfN & ^vkuUnh! vgkds eksu g,r t[ku ge lHk psUuSl
v.Meu ?kqe; xsy NygqA ifu;k tgktij ;k=k djSr drsd cf<+;k ykx;A lw;ksZn; ,oa
lw;kZLrd n`; drsd lqUuj vk euksje yxSr NyA ,fg lk>&Hkksjd n`;d voyksdu ysy
vkrqj ;k=hx.k dksuk ifgufgl ^esu Msd*ij tek Hk VdVdh yxkSus jgSr Nykg! vFkkg]
vlhe] xEHkhj o uhykHk lkxjd Nkrhds phjSr tgktijl pk:dkrd n`; nsf[krs cuSr
NyA vks vfr je.kh; vk vfoLej.kh; n`; ,[kugq vkf[kes ukfp jgy vfNA vksghesl fdNq
caxkyh cU/kq yksdfu ,d fnl johUnz laxhres yhu Nykg] r nkslj fnl fdNq HkkstiqjhHkkkh
ifjokjd cU/kq yksdfu dtjh xcSr okrkoj.kds ek/kqfje cukSus Nykg( ls lHk r eksus g,rA
iksVZCys;j igqfp ts vusd LFkyd voyksdu d,y rkfges lsY;qyj tsy] gehxat fLFkr
cfynku csnh] okbij }hi Qklh ?kj vkfnd laxs lU/;k le; vk;ksftr lsY;qyj tsyd
^ykbV ,.M lkm.M* dk;Zees ts fdNq ns[kygq&lquygq vks lfjigq vfoLej.kh; jgrA ge
lHk tfyokW; }hi fLFkr dksjy chpij tyd Hkhrjd oLrq ns[k,oyk pek ifgfj leqnzes
Mqcdh yxk ikfud Hkhrj rjg&rjg dsj jax&fojaxd dksjy ,oa euksje cgqjaxh ekNd ts
n`; ns[kygq] vks dh fclfj ldc dfg;ks\ rdj ckn ,fg chp vk,y Hk;adj ^lqukeh*d
ipkr~ dksjy chpd vksfg cgqjaxh dksjyd foukk vkvksj vU;kU; vusd }hid tku&eky
vk izkd`frd lEink o lkSBod {kfr dh dfg;ks iwj.kh; Hk ldr\ vkuUnh! ts fdNq
ns[kygq] l,g ts uV Hk xsySd] ls fu;frd p NSdA uhd le;d ek= Le`fr ksk!
vkuUnh! ckxhkd nsg dTth NfUgA rSa vks xkefges jfg viu ifjokjd vk ek;d
ns[kHkky djSr NfFkA ckcwthd e`R;q Hksykd ckn gej ek; gejk lHkds i<+kSyfu&fy[kkSyfUg
vk ;ksX; cukSyfUg eqnk dfg;ks eqg Eyku ufg dsyfUgA gej vuqifLFkfres vgkd dkZO;
gks;r gqudk lEgkjcA ge lkSHkkX;kkyh Nh ts vgk lu /keZiRuh ivksygqA fp0 liuk vk
uhyskds i<+k&fy[kk l{ke cuscfUgA QkStd vU;kU; izdkjd lqfo/kk vgkds lHk rjgs enfr
djrA*
vkuUnh Qsj viukds jksfd ufg ldyhg vk dku; yxyhgA
duZy lkgsc vkxk fy[kSr NfFk & ^nquw Hkk;&cghuds ;ksX; cuk t[ku fcvkg
djcfUg r ts xguk lHk viuk nquw xksV; ns[kus&lkspus Nh] ls vgk n nscfUgA nquw
Hkk;&cghuds gej kqHkkdka{kk vk vksk flusgA iwT;k ek;ds gej lknj iz.kke dgcfUgA
89

xkM+h vkfc xsy vfN vk vkc gejk fudy iM+rA tcnZLr tax Hk jgy vfNA
ekywe Hksy vfN ts nqeu cM+ vR;k/kqfud gfFk;kjl ySl vfN vk Hkfjld la[;ks cyes ,fg
csj cgqr cslh vfN eqnk jksdc vko;d vfNA ek Hkkjrhd liwr dfg;ks ikNk ufg gVy
vfNA eqnk taxes fdNq dgc dfBuA gej dgy xsy ,d&,d ckrd /;ku jk[kcA Hk
ldSN] bZ gej vfUre -----A
vkuUnh! t dfg;ks dksuks ckrd ge rdyhQ nsus g,c] r ,fg viu duZy lkgscds
{kek djcfUgA*
bZ iafDr if<+rfg vkuUnhd tuq djstk QkfV xsySdA vks Hkksdkfj ikfM+ ckft mByhg
& ^ufg] ufg] bZ vgk dh fy[kygq\ vgkd viuRol vk O;ogkjl vkb /kfj ts lq[k ivksygq]
rkmez tksxkd jk[kcA vgkd lkfu/;es ts vlhe izse vk ykM+&I;kj HksVy] ftuxh Hkfj ufg
fclfj ldSr NhA gej vgksHkkX; ts vgk lu ohj] lkglh vk nskizsehd iRuh cuygq ge]
tdjkij gegha Vk ufg] lkSals nsk xoZ d jgy vfNA*
duZy lkgscd vfUre iafDr Ny & ^vkuUnh! gej tsckd le; Hk xsy vfNA t
lHk fdNq Bhd&Bkd jgy r Qsj HksaV gks;r] ufg r bZ vgkd duZy lkgscd vfUre i=------A
vghad & e`R;qat;*
i= lekIr Hksykd ipkr~ csfj&csfj i=ds ekFkl yxcSr vksdjk lsgstSr vkuUnh
ctyhg & ^viuk Hkfjld lHkds [kqk jk[kSd okLrs ge iwjk iz;kl djcA ,d vej kghnd
iRuh Nh] ,dj xkSjo jgrA viukds lkekftd ijksidkjes lsgks yxsckd iz;kl djcA*
cgknqjiqj xkees pkSjLrkij ^vej kghn ohj e`R;qat; dqekj*d vknedn ewfkZ
yxkvksy xsy tdjk tkbr&vcSr lHk D;ks >qfdds lEeku dj;A ?kqjrh lky x.kra=
fnolij 26 tuojh ds vnE; lkgl vkvksj viwoZ ohjrkd ysy loksZPp iqjLdkj ^vkksd
p*l ej.kksijkUr kghn duZy e`R;qat; dqekj lEekfur HksykgA jkVifrd gkFkl ^vkksd
p* vk izkfLr i= vkuUnh xzg.k dsyhg vk lty us=l duZy lkgscds Lej.k djSr vks
iqjLdkj viu lklq duZy lkgscd ek;ds vfiZr dsyhgA
i`B&69d kskkak
^^VqUuk xSax ilkjS ;S
eqUuk nkr fp;kjS ;S
xqw fVadw ccyw lCyw
eqbyks eksaN m[kkjS ;S
vkc dh dgc Hkk;
gqjiss yxS,
cktS Nh dksuk\**
,fg izdkjd cky lkfgR;d eSfFkyhes [kxrk ufgA vko;drk vfN ts ,dj O;kid
izpkj&izlkj jpukl cslh Ekk;d Hkkkkd lax vkidrk jkf[k d,y tk,A fufpr :is ,fg
fo/kkds lksud leku btksr HksVrA egkdfo fo|kifr] v;kph] mxuk] xksuw >k] Mkd] jktk
lygsl] cgqjk xksf<+u] uVqvk nyky lu eSfFkyd tuxkFkk tuHkkkkes cky oxZds viu
ekfVd lqxU/k iznku djrA okZeku oSKkfud ;qxd uoy kks/k eSfFkyhes miyC/k gqv, ,fg
ysy cky eksuij ekr`Hkkkkd jkt vko;d vfNA

90

izfrHkk
ewy ys[kd & vUrksu ps[kkso
vuqoknd & Jh eksgu eqjkjh >k
,e0 ,0 :lh Hkkkk o lkfgR;
;qok fp=dkj Jh ;sxksj lkfop ,dVk inkf/kdkjhd fo/kokd ?kjij xehZ Nqh fcrk
jgy Nykg vk iyaxij cSly fHkuljckd ,dljiues eUgqvk;y NykgA ckgj kjn~ _rqd
vkxeu LiV ifjyf{kr Ny vk lnZ pqHkSr crkl fokkniw.kZ lk;&lk; djSr lc
xkN&fcfjNds ,Ddfg fnl >qdcSr NyA xkNd fivj&fivj ikr gokes upSr Ny vk
/kjrh;ksij iljy ns[ky tk ldSr NyA fcnkb xehZ! izfrd ,gu lqUu ,dljiu lsgks
viuk vkies lqUuj vk dkO;kRed cfu tkbr NSd t[ku vksdjk dykdkjd utfjl ns[ky
tk,] eqnk ;sxksj lkfop ysy vksfges dksuks lkSUn;Zd cks/k ufgA rjsrj gqudk r f[kUurk
[k;us tk jgy Nyfu] eqnk gqudk ek= ,rc; lkURouk fd dkfYgl vks ,fg Bke ufg
jgrkgA iyax] dqlhZ] Vscqy vk r[rk lcgd <sj ykxy] laxfg xh] uksjk,y tkfte]
isVh&ckdl & lc frrj&fcrjA QkZ fcuk cksgkjy] lwrh ijnk f[kM+dhl llfj uhpk iM+yA
ijkrs vks kgjd ysy fcnk Hk tsrkgA
gqud elksekr ?kjd efydkbu ckgj xsy NyhgA vksgks ijkr kgj t,ckd fopkjl
fdjk;kij ?kksM+kxkM+hd vksfj;ku dj xsy NyhgA gqud chl cj[kd csVh dkR;k viu dBksj
ekbd vuqifLFkfrd Qk;nk mBcSr cM+h dky /kfj ;qok fp=dkjd dksBjhes cSly jgyhgA
ijkr Hksus fp=dkj fcnk gksc,oyk jgfFk vk dkR;kds cgqr fdNq dgckd NyfuA vks ckftrs
jgyhg rS;ks gqudk yxyfu ts trsd gqudk dgckd Ny rdj nkkakks vks ufg dfg ldy
NyhgA uksjl McMck,y vkf[k vks ;sxksj lkfopd >ksaVk,y psgjk fnl ?kqesyhg] mnkl
vk /;kueXu Hk gqudk ?kqjSr jgyhgA >ksaV c<+,us ;sxksj lkfop ohHkRl vk taxyh tho lu
yxSr NykgA gqud uEgj dsk dUgk /kfj yVdSr Ny vk nk<+h r xjnfu /kfj] ukdd iqM+k
vk dku ij lsgks ?kuxj dsk mxy NyfuA gqud vkf[k uhpk eqgs yVdy ?kuxj HkkSagd
ikNk v; NyA nk<+h&eksN ,rsd ?kuxj] >jukBy vk vks>jk,y fd t dksuks ekNh ok
dhM+k&edksM+k vksfges ?kqfl tk, r vksfg >kM+&>[kkM+l ckgj fudyckd dksuks jLrk ufg
HksVrSdA ;sxksj lkfop vksa?kkbr csj&csj gkQh djSr dkR;kds lquSr jgykgA vkc vks Fkkfd;ks
xsy jgfFkA dkR;k t[ku Bqudukb vk flldukb kq# d;yfu r ;sxksj lkfop rsoj p<+k
?kuxj yVdy HkkSag ckVs dM+d utfjl ns[kyfu vk xEHkhj vkoktes ctyfFk &
^^ge C;kg ufg d ldSr NhA**
^^fd,d ufg\** dkR;k lgtrkl iwNydfuA
^^dkj.k ts ,dVk fp=dkj ysy] vlyes dksuks euqD[k ysy ts dksuks rjgd dykd
okLrs thcSr NfFk] C;kgd izus ufg mBSr NSdA dykdkjds ,dne LorU= jgckd pkghA**
^^eqnk ge dksu rjgs vgkd ysy ck/kk cuSr Nh] ;sxksj lkfop\**
^^ge viuk ysy ufg dgSr Nh] ge ,dVk vke ckr ckft jgy NhA izfl) ys[kd
vk fp=dkj lc dfg;ks C;kg ufg d,yA
^^vk vgk lsgks izfl) Hkb, tk;c & ge iw.kZ#is.k bZ ckr tuSr NhA eqnk viukds
gej LFkkues jkf[k d ns[kwA ge viu ek;l cM+ Msjk,y NhA vks dBksj vk ludfetkth
NfFkA gqudk t[ku ekywe gsrfu ts vgk gejkl C;kg ufg djc r cq>q lc lekIr Hk
xsy] fdNq ufg ckprA vks r gejk ,dks nkk ckdh ufg j[krhgA vkg! ge drsd vHkkfxu
NhA vk vgk ?kjd HkkM+ks ufg pqdsfy;Sd--- A**
91

^^eqg ek# vksdjkA ge pqdk nscSdA**

;sxksj lkfop Bk<+ Hk ,Egjl vksEgj Vgy yxykgA
^^gejk fonsk t;ckd pkgh NyA** vks ctykgA vkxk ctyfFk ts fonsk t;ckd
vykok vkvksj dksuks dkt vklku ufg NSdA ddjks fdNq djckd t#jh ufg] cl ,dVk
fp= cuk d vksdjk csfp fyvA**
^^Nfg, fdA** dkR;k viu lgefr O; d,yA ^^eqnk vgk ,fg xehZd Nqhes ,dks
xksV fp= fd,d ufg cu,ygq\**
^^vgkds yxSr vfN fd ,gu [kksHkkjes ge dkt d ldSr Nh\** fp=dkj f[k/kkal
djSr ctykgA ^^vk gejk drl uewuk ekWMsy vk;r\**
fupyk rYyk ij D;ks tksjl dsckM+ ihV ykxyA dkR;k ts ?kM+h&?kM+h viu ekbd
vkilhd vis{kk djSr Nyhg] dqfnrs iM+k xsyhgA fp=dkj ;sxksj lkfop ,dljs jfg xsykgA
vks cM+h dky /kfj dqlhZ&Vscqy vk ?kusjks rjgd cs< lkeku lHkd Vkyd chpl jLrk
cucSr ,Egjl vksEgj VgySr jgykgA vks elksekrd phuh fehd ckZu lu [ku[kusukb vk
tksj&tksjl ?kksM+kxkM+hoykds xkfj i<+Sr lquSr jgykgA dkj.k Ny] ?kksM+kxkM+hoyk ,d&,d
?kksM+kxkM+hd nw #cy HkkM+k ekxus NyfuA viu ijskkuhes ;sxksj lkfop ,dVk jSdd lks>k
Bk<+ Hk, cM+h nsj /kfj HkkSag ruus ^oksndk*oyk ?kSy ij utfj fVdkSus jgyfFkA
^^xs] ?kko QqVrm! Rkksgj ljk/k gsrm!!** elksekr dkR;kds xkfj i<+yfu] ls vks
lquyfuA
vkc ;sxksj lkfop ,d Xykl ^oksndk* ihfc t[ku Mdkjyfu r gqud vkRekd
Hkhrjd dkjh&dkjh es?k ugq&ugq NV, ykxy vk cq>,yfu tsuk gqud lEiw.kZ varjaxd
nqfu;k eqfLd,ukb kq# d,yA vks LoIu ns[k yxykgA gqud dYiuk fp= cuc ykxy ts
dksuk vks egku cfu tsrkgA vks viu Hkkoh dktd vuqeku r ufg d ldykg eqnk
LiV :is nsf[k ldykg fd dksuk v[kckj lHkes gqudkij ppkZ gksbr vfN] dksuk nksdku
lHkes gqud iS?k&iS?k QksVks fcdkbr vfN] ,dj Mkgs fgud laxh&lkFkh dksuk fgudk laxsa
O;ogkj djSr NfuA vks ,d xksV HkO; Mkbaax :ees viuk vkids lqUufj vk izsekrqj efgyk
lcgd chpes ?ksjk;y ns[kyfu( eqnk vks fp= /kqf/kvk,y vk vLiV Ny fd,d ts vks viu
ftuxhes Mkbaax :e dfg;ks ns[kufg ufg jgfFkA vfr lqUufj vk izsekrqj efgyk lc lsgks
gqudk cqrs dfg;ks ikj ufg yxyfu fd,d r dkR;kd flok; vks dksuks fnyQsad efgyk
fnl] ,r; /kfj fd dksuks <axxj ;qofr;ksds ufg tkuckd dksfkk d;yfuA ts euqD[k
ftuxhd ekns fdNq ufg tuSr vfN vks iksFkhl lhf[k ySr vfN ijap ;sxksj lkfop r
iksfFk;ksds ufg cq>Sr NykgA vks ,d csj egku ys[kd ^xksxksy* 1 ds i<ckd psVk d;yfu
eqnk nksljs i`B ij lqfr jgy jgfFkA
^^itfjrs ufg vfN] ck<+fu >kVw ,djkA** elksekr fupyk rYyk ij fpdjyhg vk
^leksokj*2 ds lfj;cSr ctyhg] ^^dkR;k! dus tkjuoyk dks;yk ns rA**
LofIuy dykdkjd eksues bPNk txyfu fd viu vkl o LoIud ekns fdudksl
xIi djhA vks fupyk rYykd Hkulk ?kjes i,j nsyfu tr, vks eksV&MkV elksekrd csVh
dkR;k f?kuk,y pqfYgl vcSr dks;ykd /kqb;kes viL;kr Hksy NyhgA dykdkj ,dVk iS?k
ckZu yx csapij cSfl xsyfFk vk kq# d;yfu &
^^,dVk dykdkj Hksukb cM+ iS?k vk uhd ckr gksbNA ge tr; pkgh tk ldSr Nh]
vkvksj ts iflUu vkc; d ldSr NhA dksuks dk;kZy; ok [ksr&[kfjgkues dkt djckd
dksuks t:jh ufgA gejkl mij dksuks ofjB inkf/kdkjh ufg---] viu ekfyd ge vius NhA
vk ge ts fdNq d jgy Nh ls lEiw.kZ ekuorkd Hkykbd okLrsA**
jkrqd HkkstuksijkUr vks viukds foJke nsc pkgS NykgA vks izk;% >yQy lk> /kfj
92

lqrSr NykgA vtqdk jkfr HkkstuksijkUr gqudk yxyfu tsuk D;ks gqud i,j [khafp jgy
Nfu] D;ks glSr gqud uke y, lksj ikfM+ jgy NfuA vks vkf[k [kksyyfu r ns[kSr NfFk
viu ehr mDysfduds] izkfrd n`;d fp=dkj] ts lEiw.kZ x`e _rq lqnwj dl=ksek ftykes
fcrvksus jgfFkA
^^okg!** izQqfYyr Hk mDysfdu xjft mBykgA ^^ge dh nsf[k jgy Nh!** cknes
gkFk&feykb vk loky&tckc gkse; ykxyA
^^c uhd] vgk fdNq r vuus g,c\ gej ekus lSdM+ks js[kkafdr fp= r t:j
cukSus g,c\** ;sxksj lkfop mDysfdud ckdll fdNq lkeku fudkySr ctykgA
^^gw!--- g] ge fdNq cukSus r NhA vk vgkd dksuk pfy jgy vfN\ dksuks isfUVax
d jgy Nh fd ufg\**
;sxksj lkfop iyaxd ikNw fnl dwfn xsykg] gqud eq[ke.Myij fivj jax fNVfd
xsy vk vks /kwy&xnkZ lax edM+tkyl >kiy sel ,dVk fp= fudkyyfuA
^^,Egj nsf[k;kS--- viu izsehl fcNqM+ykd ckn f[kM+dhl lVy ,dVk ;qorhA lsgks
rhus cSBdesA ,[kuks /kfj iw.kZ ufgA**
dkR;kd /kq/kyk :i f[kM+dhij cSly vafdr d,y xsy fp= Ny vk nwj uhykdkkA
mDysfduds fp= iflUu ufg iM+yfuA
^^gw!--- vksr gok NS vk--- vfHkO;f NS**] vks ctykgA ^^nwjhd Hkkouk NS] eqnk--- eqnk
vks >kM+&>a[kkM+ phRdkj d jgy vfN--- Hk;kud phRdkjA**
kjkcd ,dVk ?kSy vkxk vkfc xsyA jkfr gksbr&gksbr iSarhl cj[kd iM+kslh fe=
dksLrhyso] ,dVk gksugkj uofl[kqvk ,sfrgkfld fp=dkj] ;sxksj lkfopl HksaV dj, v;ykg
ts cxysoyk ^foyk*es jgSr NykgA
gqud dsk uEgxj Ny vk vks ksDlih;j dkWyjoyk cUMh ifgjSr NykgA gqud
O;ogkj xfjekiw.kZ NyA ^oksndk* kjkc nsf[krfg gqud ukd&HkkSag fldqfM+ xsy] vks Nkrhd
nnZd fkdk;rd cgUuk d;yfu] eqnk laxhd foksk vuqjks/kij ,d Xykl ihfc ysyfuA
^^ge ,dVk fok;&oLrqij lksfp ysus Nh Hkkb--- A** kjkc es nqk Hk dksLrhyso
ctykg] ^^ge pkgSr Nh ts fdNq uo fp= cukch--- ^^gsjksM ok DysisUV*3] vFkok vksdjs lu
v/kehZ---] vgk cqf> jgy Nh us] vk vksdj foijhr blkbZ /keZd ekU;rkA ,d fnl jkse NS]
vgk cqf> jgy Nh;S us] vk nkslj fnl blkbZ /keZ---A ge vkRekds fpf=r dj pkgSr Nh]
vgk cqf> jgy Nh;S us\ vkRek!**
vk uhpk vks elksekr fuckZ/k fpdjSr jgyhg] ^^dkR;k! gejk [khjk r ns! flnksjksod
vksr; tk d dus ^DokLl*4 r ekfx yk] pqM+Sy dgha ds!**
fitM+kes cUu HksfM+;k tdk rhuw laxh dksBjhd ,fg dksul vksfg dksu /kfj ?kqeSr
jgykgA vks lHk xksV; fuckZ/k xfr, xeZtkskh vk fudiVrkl cfrvkbr jgykgA rhuw [kwc
mksftr vk Hkkokfrjsd gksbr jgykgA fgudk lcgd ckrphr lqfu cqf> iM+r tsuk vks
yksdfu viu Hkfo;] izkfLr vk ikb vius eqhes cUu d j[kus NfFkA bZ ckr rhuwes fdudks
ufg lq>yfu ts le; vck/k xqtfj jgy vfN vk ftuxh jkst viu iw.kZ fojked lehi tk
jgy vfNA rhuw yksdfu izk;% vuds cqks cslh ftuxh fcrvksyfu vk ,[kugq /kfj dksuks
miyfC/k ok dke;kch ufgA vks lHk ,dVk fuBqj fu;el ckUgy NfFk tkfg vuqlkjs
vuqekur% ,d l; gksfugkj uofl[kqvkesl ek= nw ok rhu xksV; dksuks [kkl y{; /kfj igqfp
icSr NfFk vk ckdh lHkds ykWVjhes fdNq ufg gkFk yxSr Nfu] lHk rksid lks>k I;knk cfu
ukk Hk tkbr NfFkA eqnk ,[ku vks lHk vfr vkuUn o [kqk Nykg vk nqLlkgll Hkfo;d
vkf[kes vkf[k feyk d nsf[k jgy NykgA
Hkksjd ,d cts dksLrhyso fcnk r HksyfFk eqnk viu cUMhd ksDlih;j dkWyjds
93

lfjvcSr lsjk xsy NykgA vk izkfrd n`;d fp=dkj ;sxksj lkfopd vkxzgij vksgh Bke
lqrck ysy #fd xsykgA ;sxksj lkfop lqr;l ifgus ,dVk ekseckh y, Hkulk ?kj fnl
fic,d ysy ikfu vku xsykA vUgkjes ladh.kZ jLrkij dkR;k viu gkFkl nwuw Bsgqukds mij
j[kus ,dVk cDlkij cSly mij fnl rkfd jgy NyhgA ,dVk vkuUne; eqLdh gqud
Fkkdy fivj lu eq[ke.Myij ukfp jgy Ny vk vkf[k pefd jgy NyfuA
^^vgk Nh\ dh lksfp jgy Nh vgk\** ;sxksj lkfop iqNyf[ku gqudkA
^^vgk dksuk izfl) cuc] l,g fopkfj jgy Nh**] vks QqlQqlkbr ctyhgA ^^ge
LoIu ns[kSr jgSr Nh ts vgk dksuk izfl) vkneh cuc--- A ge vgk lcgd lEiw.kZ ckrphr
lquygq--- A ge r LoIuij LoIu ns[kSr jgSr Nh--- A
dkR;k [kqkhl HkHkk d gfl iM+yhg] dku yxyhg vk J)kiwoZd nwuw ckfg viu
vkjk/;d dUgkij jkf[k nsyfuA
lUnHkZ %
1- ^xksxksy* % fudksyk; xksxksy 1809&1852] foo izfl) ys[kd ts viu miU;kl ^ejy
vkRek* 1842 d ek/;es foo lkfgR; es izeq[k LFkku cuvksyfuA
2- leksokj* % e/;;qxhu tkjuoyk py&pqYgk tkfg es pkg ok vksgus xeZ is; rS;kj gksbr
NyA
3- ^^gsjksM ok DysisUV* % blkbZ /keZxzUFk ^ckbfcy* es nwVk dq[;kr gsjksM vfN ts funksZk
yksdd lkewfgd gR;kd ysy vknsk nsydA
4- DokLl* % ,d izdkjd [kk| inkFkZA
ys[kdd laf{kIr ifjp; & vUrksu ikOyksfop ps[kkso 1860&1904 :lh lkfgR;d
mUuSle krkCnhd mkjk)Zd egku dFkkdkj NfFkA :lh lkfgR;d ek/;es foo lkfgR;
es gqud ;ksxnku vrqyuh; vfNA y?kq dFkk&dgkuh fo/kkd tud gquds ekuy xsy
NfuA xkxj es lkxj Hkjckd lkeF;Z gqudk l cf<+ d fdudks ufgA izLrqr dFkk
^izfrHkk* lu~ 1884 es fy[ky xsyA
i`B&56d kskkak
le;l foijhr pyc gks;rA fd,d r vkc us vks vj.; vfN] us vks xq#dqy vk us vks
vkpk;sZA kkL=d iwth lkekftd cngokyhd dkj.ks mkjkskj Nhu Hk jgy vfNA t fdNq
djckd vfN] r ls kh?kzs kq# dj iM+r & ^lg oh;Z djokogS] rstfLouke/khreLrq*A
lUnHkZ %
1- mnhP;ka fnfk izKkrrjk okx~ m|rs] mnDp ;kfUr fkf{krqfefrA
2- lkeosnL; fdy lglzHksnk HkoUR;sou/;k;so/kh;kukLrs krrqotzs.kkfHkgrk%
pj.kO;wgifjfkV lw=
3- ;r~ rs e/;a i`fFkoh ;Pp ukH;a
;kLr TLrZUo% lacHkwoq%A
Rklq uks /ksfHk u% ioLo
Ekkrk Hkwfe% iq=ksga i`fFkO;k%A
itZU;% firk l m u% fiirqZAA kkSud 12@1@12
94

&

fljek
& Jh txnhk izlkn e.My
caxkyd kkfUr fudsrul rhu fnu ifgus vk,y ckjg c[kZd eqjkjh] ckck&txnEcd
lax rsuk ?kqfy&fefy xsy tsuk ckld iksj feyy jgS NSA vksuk xkees ckck NksfM+ nkslj
fd;ks uS] dkj.k jgS] caxkyes jgus tfguk ?ksjkes iM+y xkN vksrcs nwj dqnS&QkuS,] rfguk
eqjkjhds vuHkqvkj lektd chp lsgks xkes vuHkqvkj Hk xsy jgSA lkr c[kZd iNkfr eqjkjh
ek,&ckid lax xke vk,yA ckck ysy nsgd oL=d lax vksNkbu&fcNkbu lsgks vuyd
vfNA fljekd lax pfj] tkthed eksVjh usus eqjkjh] txnEc yx igqfp ckty &
^^ckck] iqjukds cnfy fn;kS] lHk fdNq ucdk vuykSa vfNA**
^^iqjukds cnfy fn;kS] ucdk vuykSa** & lqfu txnEcd eu BedyfuA dh ucdk
vuykSa\ :b;kd eksVdk lwr cnfy esagha&fpDdu lwrd oL= vkfd isVksfy;ed\ eqnk ,d r
xked vifjfpr cPpk] nkslj nkf;Roks r cfurs vfN ts] ts uS cq>S NS] vks cq>k fn,A eqnk
cq>cSvksd r nw jLrk NSA ,dVk NS ts eqg&eqg eq[k cucSr eq[k/kkjk tdk cksfg tkb,] vk
nkslj viu bfrgkl r lHk viuk isVes j[kus vfNA rgwes ekFk rjd fljekA txnEc ctyk
&
^^ckm eqjkjh] viuk tuSr r uhds tkfu vuus Ng] r, cnycs djcA eqnk --- \**
dfg ekFk rjd fljek mBk Hkq.Mh fNVdk nsyf[kuA ikp rg >ksjkd
[kksyes ,d&,dVk QkVy pfj] /kksrh] yqaxh] xeNkA iqjku yqaxhd >ksjkA kkfUr fudsrud
fo|kFkhZ eqjkjhA /kksrh] pfj] yqaxhds r ijsf[k xsy eqnk xeNk csj Hkksfr;k xsyA Hkksfr;k bZ xsy
ts caxfy;k <kBh Nh vkfd Nifj;kA rS chp eqjkjhd eues mfB xsyS ts duh xyrh HksyA
ifgus iwfN uS ysfy;fuA [kSj ts Hksy] eqnk fljek cnfy fljek fyrfFk vkfd [kksfyd vkxwes
ilkfj nsyfuA t[kfu ilkfj nsyfu r cky&cks/kds cks/kcks us djrkA r, pqiA ikpks rg
yqaxhd [kksy [kksySr txnEc ctyk &
^^ckSvk] ts yqaxh QkfV tkb, vksdj fljeks [kksy cuk yb Nh vk #ekyks cuk yb
Nh] r, ikp rg vfNA lkyes ,dcsj twM+khry fnu [khfpd [kksyks lq[kk yb Nh vk isVes
ts nsus Nh rdjks jkSn yxk yb NhA**
dksuks uo txgij lHk ,Dds jax uo FkksM+s jgS,] ts ifgusl tfM+ [kksfn;k usus jgy
vks ^xqfy;k,y uo* Hksy vk ts uS [kksnus jgy vks ^Nsgk uo* HksyA rhu fnud e/; eqjkjh vk
txnEcd chp drs jaxd loky&tokc Hk xsy Ny] fljek [kksyds ,dBke lSafr pfj
mBcSr txnEc ctyk &
^^ckSvk] tb fnu bZ pfj dhfuykSa] vksgh fnu ,dVk dsles ltk Hk xsyA nquwd
viuks vk pfjvksd chp ifgy HksaV tgyses HksyA v[kuks eu vfN ts fujnksl pfj laxs
tgy dVyd dsuk fclfj tscS!**
flusg Hkjy txnEcd eeRo] izse nsf[k eqjkjh pkSadUu gqv, ykxyA gqv, ,s nqvkjs
ykxy ts QkVy&iqjkud lax t[kfu ,gu izse NfUg] r fd, us iqfN, fy;fuA ckty &
^^ckck] izse dgfy,s\**
mRlkfgr gksbr ckck dgyf[ku &
^^g&g] ts lkyes xkghd xkgh diM+k dhur vks ddjkl izse djr\ izse r vks Hksy
ts ftuxh Hkfj izsel laxs jgyA thcSres ts jgy ls r jgcs d,y] ts eqbyk iNkfrvks
fljeses j[kus NhA**
eqjkjhd firk fooHkkjrhes pijklhd dkt djS NfFk tbl eqjkjhds fk{kk HksfV jgy
NSA vku Bke tdk uS ts fk{kdd csVk vk fdjkuh&pijklhd csVkd laLdkjij PkksV iM+Sr]
95

fdNq Nh r vkf[kj fooHkkjrh NhA nksleqDr laLdkj eqjkjhdA ckty &

^^ckck] t[kfu pfjd bfrgkl&ckr dfg, nsfy,s r[kfu cfd;ksgksd dfg, fn;kSA**
eqjkjhd flusg Hkjy kCn lqfu txnEcd eu ekse tdk fi?ky, yxyfuA gkFkl
/kksrh mBk ifgus QkV lHkd flvfu xuyfuA flvfu xfu ctyk &
^^ckSvk] tfg,l /kksrh ifgjSes uhd ykx, ykxy rfg,l QkVc kq# HksyA eqnk ckr
nkslj fnl cgfd tk,rA**
^Ckkr cgdc* lqfu eqjkjh ckty &
^^bZgks dhuus fN,s\**
^dhuc* lqfurs txnEcds eu iM+yfuA ctyk &
^^uS] bZ /kksrh tgyses nsus jg,A**
^tgyes nsus jg,* lqfu eqjkjhd eu Hkjfe xsyA Hkjfe bZ xsy ts tgykses /kksrh nb
NS! Ckty fdNq usA eqnk txnEc cwf> xsyk ts Hkfjld tgyd ckres Hkksfr;k xsy eqjkjhA
ctyk &
^^ckSvk] ftyk Hkfjd yksd dkslh ugfj vk ifufctyh MSed lax eSfFkyh Hkkkkd ekax
djSr tgy xsykSaA iujg fnu j[kydA lksyge fnu ,d&,dVk /kksrh n fonk dsyd]
o,g /kksrh NhA**
txnEcd iNqydk bfrgkl eqjkjhd euds f>d>ksfM+ jgy NyA fkVkpkjd
yxke ,s rjgs dfl jgy NyS ts fdNq ckft uS ikfc jgy NyA eqnk fcuq eqg [kksyukSa r
viu eud Qy [kkb;ks dsuk ldS Nh\ rbys r fopkjd ckr ckt, iM+rA rrerkbr eqjkjh
ckty &
^^ckck] t[kfu pfj&/kksrhd ckr dfg, nsfy,s r[kfu yqaxh&xeNkd lsgks dfg
fn;kSA**
eqjkjhd ckr lqfu txnEcd eu vkjks irkyd ikfu tdk khry&LoPN&lqvnxj
cfu xsyfuA yqaxh&xeNkds laxs mBcSr ctyk &
^^ckSvk] bZgks tgysd NhA viu dhuy yqaxhd fljekd [kksy Nh vk tgyd
yqaxh&xeNkds isVHkj nsus fN,sA**
fljek [kksyl yd isVHkj /kfjd flusg&flDr bfrgkl lqfu eqjkjh FkdFkdkbr
ckty &
^^ckck] ucdk fljek uS yscS\**
iksrkd VqVy vkl nsf[k txnEc ctyk &
^^g gkS] fd, us ysc eqnk pk:d ,d&,dVk dksu dkfV ucdkd isVes Hkfj ngd]
tkcs thcSr jgc rkcs ekFk Vsdus jgcA
i`B&102d kskkak
MkWDVj & fdNq tek&iwth ckpy vfN ok iwjs QDdM+ Hk pqdy NhA t ,fg if=dkd
O;olk;es ej pkgSr Nh r viu v[kckj fudkywA ckdk;nk oLrqds fpUgwA pkgw r viuk
ysy yxkrkj ,dd ckn ,d ealwj Qdhj [kkstSr jgwA vkb ,dj dEcyes nqcfd d jgw vk
Mad ek: r dkfYg dksuks nksljkd dEcyes uqdk jgwA
;qod vk lHk xksV; ,d laxs & okg MkWDVj lkgsc! dh xIi dgfy;S,! t; gks! t; gks!!
uksV % gkb Ldwyes ,d xksV fgUnh ukVd ^dye gksrs gkFk* [ksyy xsy Ny ts fdNq ,gus
lu NyA
96

pkfj xksV y?kqdFkk

& Jh vueksy >k
1- bTtr
uSgjes lHkd ,[ku ,Dds Bke vkJe NSdA cM+dk ?kj] cM+dk&cM+dk ckrA lc
Hkk;&Hkkmft ckgjs jgSr NSd] /kfj xke lc idM+us NfFkA le;&le;ij lHk xksV;
vcSr&tkbr jgSr NfFkA cki fxjgLr jgfFkuA ts rhuVk csVh jgfu rdjk lkekU;s ?kj lHkes
fcvkg&nku djk mij pfy xsy jgfFkuA Hkxokud n;k ts cM+dk csVk baftfu;j jgfFku]
cksjkd cksjk ikbA NksVdks ljdkjh uksdjhesA cM+dkds ikb j[kSd txg ufg jgfuA /kfj eksu
rsgu Hkxoku ufg nsus jgfFkuA
HksyS ,uk ts NksVdkd csVkd t[ku eqM+u HksyS r lHk Hkkb&cfgu&cguksb tqVy
jgfFkuA ,dVk cfgu ts xked yxses jgSr jgfFku] lsgks eqM+ul ,d fnu ifgus vk,y
jgfuA vkWVks nykuij ykxy jg,A nykuij cM+dk HkS;k] NksVdk HkS;k lax xked x.;ekU;
yksd lc lsgks dqlhZij cSly jg;A cfgu mrfj d nykuij cSly ts xksM+ yxSoyk jgS]
lHkds xksM+ yxyd] cM+dk HkS;kds NksfM+ dA vk vkxu pfy xsy jg; vksA
eqM+ud ckn NksVdk HkS;k cfguds iqNyd & ^rw r[ku lHkds xksM+ yxyghu] gejks
yxys vk cM+dk HkS;kds fd,d us yxygqu\ dh ckr\* bZ lqfu cfgud vkf[kes uksj Mcfd
xsy jgSd vk McMck,ys vkf[k, dgus jgS vks & ^vgkd vks>k ikb iBvksus jgfFk cSadesA ge
xsy jgh ,0Vh0,e0 dkMZ yd ikb vku;A vksrfg ns[kfy;fu cM+dk HkS;kds Bk<+A ge
yxes tk xksM+ yxfy;fuA vks gejk fnl us ns[kyfu vk us VksdyfuA vksrl ge t[ku
uhpk mrjygq] r HkkSthds ns[kygq LdkWjfi;ks xkM+hes cSlyA ge tk d dgfy;fu] HkkSth
vgw ,fy;Sgs\ xksM+ yxS NhA vks ,fg fnl ts Hkd cSly jgfFk ls vksfg eqg Hk xsyf[kuA
tsuk gejk fpfUgrs ufg gksbfFkA* ls cfgu r[ku viu NksVdk Hkkbds dgyfFku & ^t cSades
xksM+ yxykij nquw xksV; eqM+h ?kqek ysyfu] gejk Vksdyfu ufg] gejk fpUgyfu ufg] gqudk
bTtfrij iM+yfu] rfguk r ,rgq us bTtfrij ifM+ tsfr;SuA ge rSa ufg yxfy;fu xksM+A
xIi lqfu NksVdk HkS;kd lsgks vkf[k uksjk lu xsy jgS vk cfguds gkFk idfM+ d
viuk ?kj y tk d cSlk nsus jgSA

2- vksNsuk
uvks&nl fdykles i<+Sr cqPphds bldqyes cgqr jkl l[kh&cfguik Hk xsy jgSA
lHk viukes [kwc ?kqfy&fefy xsy jgSA lHkes lHk rjgd xIi&lM+Ddk i<+kb&fy[kkbd lax
lsgks gksbr jgSA dfg;ks dky Nqh Hksykd ckn bldqy ok dksfpaxl ,d&nksljkd Msjk lsgks
Hk vcSr jg,A ddjk Msjkes dh HksySd] ds ,yS] ds dr xsyS] lc ,d&nksljd cq>Sr jg,A
vkb cPph;ksd Msjkij ,d gst NkSaM+h lHk vk,y jgSA ,dj ?kj nsf[k lc xqEe NyA
uos edku ikik ,dj cuckSus jgSA ,dne pdkpdA rfguk lkt&ltkoVA csM] ht]
vk/kqfud ;qxd lc midj.kl HkjyA lHkd vyx&vyx csM:eA g] cqPphd :ees ,dVk
uhpkes irjs vksNsuk d,y jgSA ,dVk laxh iqNydS & ^bZ vksNsuk fd,d NS ,r;\ ,r; ds
lqrS NSd\* cqPph dfu;s tksjl dgus jgS & ^gejs nknhek] cqf<+;k xkel vkfc xsy NS] vksdjk
nsgl xU/k vcS NSd] rSa ek bZ vksNsuk d nsydSgs ,r!*
l[kh lHk ,dj vkxk vkvksj fdNq ufg iqfN] ,d csj Qsj vksNsuk fnl ns[k, ykxy
jg,A
97

3- le;
yksdd djeku ykfx xsy jgSA cq<+h cSlys&cSly [kfl iM+y jgfFkuA drsd dkyl
[kly jgfFku ls ds dgr\ cM+dk dksBk] lksQk] eqnk jgSr NfFk vlxjs xkeesA csVk lHk
ckgj jgSr NfuA dksuks phtd deh ufg jgus rb;ks deh;s&deh NfuA lHkVk dh vUu&ikfu
vkfd Vds&iSlk gksbr NSd! bZ lHk jfgrks yksdd ts deh Nfu!
vks r dksuks cPpk [ksykbr&[ksykbr ,Egj ,yS r fgudk cstku iM+y nsf[k pksfg
fpfpvkbr iM+k;y & ^nknhekds fdNq Hk xsyfu] nknhekds fdNq Hk xsyfuA* vk r[ku yksd
vk,y r ns[kyd fgudk csgksk Hksy iM+y] eqg&nsges ihjh fNVdyA yksd ikfu vkfu
vkf[kij >ksdk nsyd] mBk&iqBk d cSlkSydA drsd dh d,ykij dfu vkf[k rdyfu] rkes
fd;ks xked dEiksMjds lsgks ctk vuus NyA
lHkds vkp;Z yxyS ts fnues r dsgu cf<+;k Nyf[ku] ,[ku dh Hk xsyfu\
tsBdk csVk ts gkfde NfFku] lsgks r vkb, xsyf[kugsA vkf[kj HksyS r HksyS dh\ ls ufg
fd;ks dgSr jgSA
rkes ,dVk dfu;k ts fgudk ?kjd lVys vksdj vxuk NSd] ls viuk lklqds dgus
jgS & ^vks nknhekds fd,d ,uk Hksyfu ls cq>yf[ku! gqudj csVk ts gkfde NfFku ls Hkksjes
cM+ >kM+Sr jgfFkuA dgyf[ku] lHkVk MkDVj&cS| dh gejs Hkjksls j[kus jgSr Ns] vkvksj csVk
lHkds fd,d us dgS Nghu\ vk] ls lHk dfg xkM+h yd ts vk,y jgfFku] rkghl py
xsyf[kuA gejk gksb, rkgh nqvkjs r ufg Hksyfu ,uk!*
vksfg dfu;kd lklqds vksfg gkfded ek;d ifgyqdk le; eksu ifM+ xsy jgS ts
dksuk psQjh ykxy uwvk ifgfj vk xq.Mk&[kqhd jksVh [kk vksdjk i<+kSus jgSdA
i`B&33d kskkak
ikjEifjd dkO; fFkd] tkfges ckSf)drk r NS] Lofopkjd foLrkj ufg NSA ls] ,d dfod
vUnj nw :i fd,d\ bZ izu Lor% mHkfj vcS vfNA r gejk tuSr] pUnk >k jgfFk njckjh
yksdA jktkKkij jkek;.k fy[kyfu] eqnk QqVdj&eqDrd dfork fgud n;l
cgjk,yA ,fgij ddjks vadqk ufgA ,djk vgquk dfg ldS Nh ts egkjkt njHkaxk }kjk
viu jkt&dktd Hkkkk eSfFkyhl fgUnh d nsckd vknskij pUnk >kd ekr`Hkkkk&izse tkfx
mBy gks vk bZ viu Hkkouk QqVdj dforkd ek/;es O;Dr djSr gqud cf[k;k m/ksl ykxy
gksfFkA fd,d r dFkk bZgks izpfyr vfN ts bZ njckjh dfo cknes Hksykg] t[ku fgud
fojks/kh rsoj vke turkds :p ykxy jgS] r[kuA jkek;.k fy[kc jktkd vknsk Nyfu]
vke turkds fgudk ek/;es nkslj fnl eksM+ckd eghu pkfyA rs ----- cl] ,fg izlax ,rcsA foLrkjl Qsj dfg;ksA ,[ku gejk pUnk >kd ekU;rk eksu
iM+S vfN] tdjk iqie ukjk;.k viu iqLrd ^pUnz i|koyh dk laxhrkkL=h; v/;;u*es
m)`r d,us NfFk ts t lkfgR;ds vej j[kckd vfN r viu d`fres euq;d laLd`frd
j{kk ysy cslh&l&cslh lansk nsckd gks,rA yksdd vkkk&vkdka{kk] dfBurk vkfnd
fp=.kd lkfgR;l lektds tksM+ckd gks,rA
vFkkZr~ pUnk >k ,dVk ;qx&lkis{k n`fV j[kfugkj ys[kd jgfFkA b,g n`fV eSfFkyh
lkfgR;ds uc fnkk iznku d,yd] vk tdj iYyou vkxw pfyd Hkqousoj flag Hkqoues
ns[ky tk ldS vfN] vks rdjs lqLiV vk oSKkfud foLrkj oS|ukFk feJ ^;k=h*es lsgksA rs
fudkZ :ies ge dg pkgc ts eSfFkyhes fo|kifr&;qxd ckn pUnk&;qx Hksy] tdj
Mkfj&ikr Hkqoues rFkk Qj&Qwy ;k=hes icS NhA dh\

98

4- cnyko
?kjd dktokyhds t[ku dkt d,y Hk xsy jgS vk vks tkbr jg, r ese
lkgsc ,dVk ikp l;d uksV fudkfyds vksdjk nsyf[ku vk nokb nksdkul cPpk ysy rhu
uEcjd ,dVk lsjsysDl vkfu nsckd ysy dgyf[kuA dktokyh ikb ysyd vk dgyd &
^eSMe! cPpkds lsjsysDl fd,d nSr fN;S\ [kkb ysy isMhL;ksj fn;kS] isMhL;ksj] vksfges c
izksVhu NSdA nke cslh NSd eqnk phtks cM+ uhd NSdA ge viuk cPpkds oSg nSr fN;S [kkb
ysyA*
dfu dky /kfj dktokyh ese lkgsc fnl rdSr jgfy vk ese lkgsc] dktokyh
fnlA vk] Qsj eqM+h uhpk dsus dktokyh py xsy jg, lsjsysDl vku;A
i`B&46d kskkak
eSfFkyh lkfgR;d Jho`f) djckd gsrq dohoj laLd`r lkfgR;d yksdfiz; iksFkhd
vuqokn d, lQy iz;ksx d,yfUgA egkdfo fo|kifrd yksdfiz; xzaFk iq#k ijh{kkd
x|&i|e; vuqokn d, dohoj lkekU; i<+y&fy[kyd gsrq cM+ midkjh dk;Z d,yfUgA
eSfFkyh lkfgR;d vkfn xzaFk T;ksfrjhojd o.kZjRukdjd ckn ts x| lkfgR;d jhfDr HksySd
rdjk iw.kZ dohoj d,yfUgA rkRi;Z ts egkdfo fo|kifrl ts i| fy[kckd lzksr izkjEHk
Hksy ls gkZukFk >k rd pyyA eqnk eSfFkyhes x|d iw.kZ vHkkod iwfkZ dohojs d,yfUgA
Hkkjrh; lkfgR;kdkkes x|d Hkkkkd ts oSfkV lwj vk rqylhnkld jpukes NfUg]
l,g oSfkV eSfFkyh lkfgR;es pUnk >kd fefFkyk Hkkkk jkek;.k ,oa pUnz i|koyhes NfUgA
bZ dfg ldSr Nh ts eSfFkyh lkfgR;kdkkd x|&i|d }kjk HkfDr&Hkkouk] ukVkkL=d
vuqikyu ,oa yksdHkkkkd lsok ts fefFkykd dohoj d,yfUg] ts vk/kkj nsyfUg] rdj dksuks
nkslj mnkgj.k ufg vfNA
vuqlU/kkudkkZ vk lkfgR; l`tudkkZ r dohoj Nykgs] fdUrq vksfg lax dohoj
izkphu xzaFkd vuqlU/kku ladyu] izkphu fo}kud ifjp;d ladyu] izkphu eSfFkyh dkO;
ukVdd vuqlU/kku djckes lsgks fl)gLr NykgA dohoj fefFkykd bfrgkl fy[k; pkgSr
NykgA fefFkykd tkfg xke vks tkfFk vksr,d izkphu efUnj] fkykys[k vkfnd o.kZu viu
Mk;jhes fyf[k ysfFkA izk;% fefFkykd bfrgkl fy[kckd gqudj eksues izsj.kkd cht gsrfUg ts
ijokhZ dkyes vku fo}ku viu ukel izk;% izdkfkr djkSyfUgA bZgks ckr fdNq fo}ku viu
vkys[kess fy[kus NfFkA
dohojd vfUre le; kksd&lUrIr ,oa nq%[kkUr jgy rFkkfi deZ;ksxh ,oa iw.kZ
Kkuh jgckd dkj.k /kS;Zl jgykgA lkalkfjd lq[k&nq%[kds leku Hkkol lgSr NykgA viu
xke fi.Mk#N ds NksM+ckd le;d ,d izfl) dfork vfN &
vkc ufg mfpr fi.Mk#N okl] mifV pyh tonh ds iklA
kkbr cgqfj;k bZ ;k ysy] nqb iafMr Bk<+hds nsyAA
dohojd lax fi.Mk#Nl nkslj iafMr T;ksfrkh Hkxoku nk >k lsgks Bk<+h
v,ykgA T;ksfrkhd izikS= Jh ckyxksfoUn >kd fuokl dohojd fuokld lehi vfNA
vUres bZ dfg ldSr Nh ts dohoj pUnk >k fefFkykd bfrgkles nsnhI;eku Hk,
?kj&?kjes NfFkA gqud jkek;.kd pkSikb fdEok pUnz i|koyhd dksuks pksVxj&feBxj ,oa
Hkkoiw.kZ xhr lexz fefFkykoklhd daBes jpy&cly vfNA
vLrq] fefFkykd ,fg vej foHkwfrds kr~&kr~ ueuA bR;ye~A

99

nenkj dye
& izks0 lqokl dqekj
MkWDVjd dsfcuA MkWDVj viu rhu&pkfj ejht ,oa fe=d laxs cSly xIi ekfj jgy NfFkA
LiV vfN ts lc O;Lrrkd ckotwn MkWDVjd MkxMjh ufg pySr NfuA r[kufg ,d ;qod
dsj izosk gksbr vfNA vkf[kij eksVdk pek vk dUgkl >ksjk yVdSrA >ksjkesl v[kckj vk
if=dkfn gqyfd jgy NfuA ckek gkFkl nfguk gkFkd dykb dfl d nckSus] phRdkj djSr
MkWDVjd lkeuk jk[ky dqlhZij vkfc d yql cSfl tkbr NfFkA gkFkl nj&nj [kwu cfg
jgy NfuA yksd dgquk gqudk lEgkjSr NfuA
MkWDVj & vjs] bZ dh Hksy\ vgkd dykb vk vkxqjl ,rsd [kwu dksuk cfg jgy vfN\
;qod & dh crkm MkWDVj lkgsc] ifgus ,dj fdNq mik; d# r lghA nsf[k;kS] drsd [kwu
cgy tk jgy vfN!
MkWDVj & vjs] bykt r g,r] eqnk bZ r crkm ts bZ dVy dksuk\
;qod & dh crkm\ vkf[kj bZ vkxqj fcPNwds Mad ekfj, nsyA vksg] cM+ nnZ vfN] tYnh
fdNq d#A
MkWDVj lesr lHk xksV; & dh ctS Nh\ dus Qsjl cktwA
;qod & dgygq r] vkxqj fcPNwds Mad ekfj nsyA ns[kw] dksuk nj&nj [kwu cfg jgy vfN!
MkWDVj & ge fdNq cqf> ufg ikfc jgy Nh ts bZ dh Hk jgy vfN! vjs Hkkb] vgk gkskes
r Nh\ lgh ckr ufg cktc r bykt dksuk g,r\
;qod & dfg r jgy Nh ts vkxqj fcPNwds ---MkWDVj & g&g] cktw&cktw ---;qod & fcPNwds ---,d O;fDr & vPNk\\
;qod & Mad ekfj nsyA vk cl r[kufgl bZ gky vfNA
MkWDVj & ifgus fnekx Ba<k d#A vjs] vgkds bZ irk ufg vfN ts vgk dh ckft jgy NhA
mYVk ckft jgy Nh vgkA dh vgkds fcPNw Mad ekjyd vfN\
;qod & gej ckr cq>S fd,d ufg Nh\ lh/kk&lh/kk r dfg jgy Nh ts t[kul vkxqj
fcPNwds Mad ekjus vfN] r[kufgl bZ ygw&yksgku Hk jgy vfNA
nkslj O;fDr MkWDVjl & fgudj ckr fdNq&fdNq gejk cq>es vkfc jgy vfNA ;qodl
vks fcPNw dr vfN\ dh vksgks ?kk;y vfN\ vks thfor vfN dh efj xsy\
;qod & ejr dksuk\ gejs uke ts fcPNw vfN! ;Sg Nn~eukel ge v[kckjes fy[kSr NhA
rS;ks lkj irk yxkb, ysyd vk Mad --MkWDVj & vPNk] r vgk fjiksVZj Nh\ vk r[ku vkxqj ds NfFk vk dr NfFk ts vgkds
Mad ekjyfu\ dh gqudgq fdNq Hksyfu\
;qod & g] FkksM+csd pksVr voLls ykxy NfuA vksgks mij&mijlA cl] vksgh dkj.ks
ks/kes ?kqfe jgy NfFk --lHk xksV; ,d Lojes & ds NfFk vkxqj vk vks dr NfFk\
;qod & dr gsrk\ gsrk viu ?kjesA ok Qsj viu nQrjes --lHk xksV; vkp;Zl & dksu vkxqjd ckr d jgy Nh cj[kqjnkj\ vgkd fnekx r Bhd
vfN\
;qod & vjs] ge r gqudfg ekns dfg jgy Nh ftudk lHk vkSaxhyky iztkifrd ukel
tkuSr NfFkA vk ftudj vkxqjd ,d bkkjkij lkSals izkklu] xqaMk&iqfyl ufg tkfu
100

dh&dh vuFkZ djSr NfFk!

,d O;fDr & dh viu ,e0,y0,0&jkT;ea=h lkgsc\ drsd lTtu vk ln; O;fDr r
NfFk vksA cM+ bZekunkj vk opud iDdk yksdA ts dfg nsy] ikFkjd ydhj cq>wA trcs
cktSr NfFk vksdj l; xquk d d, ns[kkcSr NfFkA lM+d] iqy] vLirky vkfn drcs fdNq
r viu [kkunkud yksdd ukeij cuckSus NfFkA vkf[kj [kkunkuh yksd ts Bgjykg!
;qod & vjs] fdudj ckr d jgy Nh\ dr dsj\ vgk dh vkxqjd pepk Nh\ vlfy;r
r bZ vfN ts mijl r vks [kwc cuSr NfFk eqnk Hkhrjl vks cM+dk ?kk?k NfFkA vkvksj ufg
r dh\ lkj! viu lkj] Hkkfxu] Hkrhtk vk reke dqVqEc&lEcU/khd ukel Bsdsnkjh djSr
NfFk] gqudj ekjQr fQjkSrh ySr NfFk vk jaxnkjh vkslwySr NfFkA cPpk lHkij
,Q0vkb0vkj0 djkcSr NfFkA ge gqudk ekns v[kckjes ^Nqiy #Lre ekfQ;k* vk ^ijnkd
ikNwd Bsdsnkj* dh fyf[k nsfy;Sd ts lkj cgqr tcnZLr Mad ekfj nsydA gej uksdfj,
Nhfu ysyd vk dksuks nkslj uksdjh ufg ykxs nSr vfN] ls vyxA ,dj vfrfjDr /kedh
nSN ts vks viu jktes gej thukb eksgky d nsrA
MkWDVj & fyf[k nsfy;Sd dsj dh eryc\ vgk gqudk ysy [kkyh mikf/k, Vk fy[kfy;fu ok
vkj fdNq\ dh gqudk ekns mij fnYyh;ks rd fph fy[kfy;fu\ vk t fy[kfy;fu] r
fdudk fy[kfy;fu\
;qod & vjs ufg MkWDVj lkgsc! v[kckjes gqud ?kksVkykoyk f[kLlk lfp= fy[kus jfg;SdA
eqnk MkWDVj lkgsc] tYnh fdNq d# vgk! cgqr nnZ Hk jgy vfNA cpk fyv gejk] vksg!-MkWDVj & vksuk] ge r dfg;ks vkneh dsj dkVc dsj bykt ufg d,us Nh] r[ku vgk gej
ifgy dsl NhA rS;ks ge Vkb djSr Nh] lEHko fdNq Hk tk,! ns[kw] bZ lqb yxk nSr Nh]
Hkfjld vkLrs&vkLrs fdNq vkjke cqf> iM+;! g] r vkc QfM+Nk d dgw ts vgk dh] dsgu
vk fd;Sd fyf[kfy;Sd ts gqud fc[kkg nkrd vgk fkdkj Hksygq\
;qod & ge r oSg lc fyf[kfy;Sd ts tkudkj yksd gqudk ekns tkuSr NfFk vk ihB
ikNk cktSr NfFkA g] ge oSg lc ckrds lcwrd laxs fyf[k nsfy;SdA lquSr Nh ts vksfgij
bUDokbjh cSlkvksy tk,rA
MkWDVj & r[ku r vgk cgqr vPNks vk cgqr cstkb;ks d,us Nh vk lsgks ,Ddfg laxsA
lkekU;tu ysy r cM+ uhd eqnk viuk ysy cM+ cstk,A dgy tkbN] ikfues jfgd
exjePNl cSjA lSg Hksy vfNA gsy vcSr vfN fd ufg\
;qod & FkksM+&cgqrA eqnk ,[ku r vgkd yx byktd okLrs vk,y NhA vgkl xIi d
ejge tdk cq>k jgy vfNA ifgusl fdNq uhd cq>k jgy vfNA
MkWDVj & dh ea=h vgkds vpkuds dkfV ysyfu ok ifgus dksuks psrkSfuvks nsus jgfFk\
;qod & psrkSuh, ufg MkWDVj lkgsc] cgqr fdNqA kq#es gejk ykyp [kwc nsyfuA ,dVk
eksVxj jkfkd izyksHku nsyfu ls vyxA eqnk ge r [kwc MkfV nsfy;fuA gejk dh cq>y
Ny ts lkj ,rsd fc[kkg Mad ekjr vk gejk drgq dsj ufg NksM+rA
MkWDVj & dh&dh ykyp vk fjor nSr jgfFk\
;qod & vkc dh dgh MkWDVj lkgsc! dgSr jgfFk & ^vgkd dye cgqr nenkj vfNA
vgkds r cgqr lqfo/kk HksVSd pkghA t vgk gej ckr ekuh r ge vgkd Hkykb dsj reke
bUrtke djcA ^i=dkj&fogkj*es ,d xksV uhd IykWV vgkd ukel ,ykWV djk nsc( vgkd
lEiw.kZ ifjokjd ysy LokLF; chek eqr djck nsc( jkT;d ,e0,y0,0 yksdfu ts
XokVsekykd ljdkjh ;k=kij tk,oyk NfFk] vksfg nyd laxs vgwds crkSj fjiksVZj Hkstck nsc
( ljdkjh uksdjhes ih0vkj0vks0es yxck nsc( vU;Fkk viu izkbosV lssVjh cuk ysc( gej
ikVhZ Tokbu d# r fo/kku lHkk ok yksd lHkk] tdj fVdV pkgh] fnvk nsc---* vkfn&vkfnA
MkWDVj & eqnk vgk r gqud ckr ekufy;fu ufg] r[ku Qsj dh dgyfu\
101

;qod & tqfu iqNw MkWDVj lkgsc! gej ys[kes viu dkjh djrwrd mtkxj g,c nsf[k r
gqud rsojs cnfy xsyA ifgus r vks gejkl xIis dsukb cUu d nsyfuA Qsj iz/kku
lEiknd vk eSustesUVd }kjk gejk dgckSyfu ts Hkwy Lohdkj djSr ge ekQh ekfx;Su vk
vkbUnk ,gu ys[k fy[kukb cUu d nhA v[kckjds dkxnd dksVk cUu d nsckd /kedh
nsyfuA vk rdj ckn r v[kckjd izcU/ku gej fy[ky fdNq Nkickl euk d nsydA
rS;ks ,d ys[k ge fojks/kh v[kckjes Nick ysygqA vksfg fojks/kh v[kckjd ekfydksds ufg
tkfu dh&dh ih i<+k nsyd vkxqj ts vkxqjd laxs&laxs vksgks gejkl nqeuhij mrk# Hk
xsyA uksdjh r pfy, xsy vfN] lkspSr Nh ts vkc dh&dh g,r---A
MkWDVj & vgk dsgu i=dkj Nh ;kS! dgy tkbN ts i=dkj yksdra=d igjsnkj gksbN
( vksdj pkfje LrEHk gksbN vk ufg tkfu dh&dhA fudyy Nh nsk vk turkd fuxgckuh
dj, vk vius lqj{kkd dksuks cUnkscLr ufg d ldSr Nh\ vjs Hkkb] /kwkZd lax ikyk
iM+ykij cp, tksxj pkykd r cufg iM+r fdus! thfor ckpc r[kus us nksljksds cpc
ysy yfM+ ldcA lquw] ,d f[kLlk lqucSr Nh( pkgh r ,ghes vgk viu mipkjks rkfd
ldSr NhA ,dVk ealwj uked egku Qdhj Nykg & oSg vugydoykA lnfr [kqnh vkvksj
[kqnkd fpUrkes ykxy jgfFkA ckdh nhu&nqfu;kd dksuks fQ ufg gqudkA vksuk dgy
tkbN ts ckdk;nk fcvkg d d, vks ?kj clkSus Nykg vk cky&cPpsnkj Qdhj Nykg
( eqnk jgfFk viu /kqud iDdkA dgy tkbN] ealwj Qdhj ,d csj ts pksk ifgjyfu ls
yxkrkj chl c[kZ /kfj ifgjufg jgykgA vks viuk r ekStes jgfFk eqnk gqud
psyk&pfV;kds gqud eSy&dqpSy pkskd nqxZU/k ukdkfcys&cnkZLr Hk xsy NyfuA vkf[kj nw
nkdd ckn ,d fnu vktht Hkd psyk&pfV;kyksdfu ealwj lkgscd pksk tcnZLrh
mrkfj d Qsd nsydfuA ,fgij ealwj lkgsc ?kcM+k d tehuij [kly pkskds
myVk&iqyVkd ns[k, yxyfFk vkvksj vksfges fdNq [kkst yxyfFkA yksd lHk ns[kyfu ts
vksfg pkskl ,d Hkhedk; fcPNw fpidy NyA t[ku psykyksdfu vksfg Hk;kud fcPNwds
ekjckd mie dj yxyfu r ealwj Qdhj euk dsyfuA vks dgyfu & ^vjs] ,djk tqfu
ek:A ,djs dkj.ks ge vkb chl c[kZl ugsukb cUu d,us NhA cspkjk bZ cM+ Hkyk fcPNw
vfN] gej ikyrq, cq>w ,djkA ,dj Mad ekjc gejk uhd ykxSr vfNA ,djk ekfj nscSd
r Hkyk ge dksuk thc! ,fg rjgs vks vksfg fcPNwd izk.kd j{kk dsyfuA eqnk psykyksdfud
cpdkuk gjdrl vksfg fcPNwd jkt lcgd lkeuk r [kqfy, xsyA
,d O;fDr & MkWDVj lkgsc] gejk r cqf> iM+SN ts vktqd lUnHkZes egku Qdhj ealwj
vkvksj rkfgijl vksfg Hk;kud eqnk ikyrw fcPNwd bZ f[kLlk cM+k jkspd vks izsjd vfNA Hk
ldSN ,ghl izsj.kk ikfc fdNq usrk&eaf=;ks yksdfu viu&viu vkLrhud Hkhrj ikyrw fcPNw
yd ?kqeSr gksfFkA--nkslj O;fDr ;qodl & g r Hkkb] vgw fd;Sd ufg vkSaxhykyd ikyrw fcPNw cfu tkbr
Nh\ gqud kj.kes jgw vk gqud bkkjkij vke vknehd uke yy vkSaxhykyd eksu
eksrkfcd t[ku&r[ku gqudk Mad ekjSr jgwA Qsj r vgk vk vkSaxhyky thd pkuh, pkuh
cq>wA yksdra= lsgks Bhd&Bkd pySr jgrA
;qod & ekQ djc ljdkj]! bZ gejk cqrs fdUugq ufg g,r ts ge dksuks HkzV usrkd
[kqkkenh vkykspuk djSr jghA vk ls t djSr jfgrgq r dfg;k us ge vksfg v[kckjd
lEiknd vk ekfyd cfu xsy jfgrgqA vkc r NksV&fNu uksdjh lsgks eksgky Hk xsy vfNA
vgk nsf[k, jgy NhA
nkslj O;fDr & eqnk vgk r ?kk;y Hk xsy NhA vkc djc dh\
;qod & ;Sg r cq>es ufg vcSNA dksuks nkslj dke&/kU/kk r tuSr ufg NhA
ksk i`B&96ij
102

gej yksgk gkb Ldwy

& Jh cqf)ukFk >k
njHkaxk&t;uxj mPpiFkij njHkaxkl 32 fd0eh0 mkj vk t;uxjl 20 fd0eh0
nf{k.k e/kqcuh ftykUrxZr ,dVk xke vfN yksgkA ,r; elksekr kfkef.k pkS/kjkbu gkb
bZaxfyk ,e0 ,l0 lh0 ,p0 bZ0 Ldwy lu~ 1938 bZ0es LFkkfir HksyA lu~ 1958l 1962
bZ0 /kfj gegw vgh bldqyd fo|kFkhZ jgy NhA
pkfj fnu ifgus fp0 Jh jrhk ckcw Qksu d,yfu] Hkkb! vgh vizhy ekl lu~ 2015
bZ0es yksgk bldqyes ^vkuUnksRlo* eukvksy tk,rA bldqyd iwoZ Nk= yksdfu tqVrkg vk
okZeku Nk= o fk{kd yksdfud lax viu bldqfy;k Le`fr vkiles cVrkgA ,fg
voljij ,dVk vkvksj vR;Ur yk?kuh; dkt gSr] bldqyd laLFkkfidk J)s;k elksekr
kfkef.k pkS/kjkbu vk izkjEHkdkyhu iz/;kuk/;kid iwT;ikn jked`.k >kd HkO; ewfkZd
vukoj.k@yksdkiZ.k d,y tk,rA ,fg ,sfrgkfld fnolds Lej.kh; cukcd m|s;l ,dVk
Lekfjdkd izdkkud lsgks y{; vfNA
viu vuqtor~ fp0 Jh jrhk ckcwd }kjk bZ kqHk lEokn ikfc cq>w r gejk nsges
gkSgfV vk i,jes ?kqj?kqjk ykfx xsyA gkSgfV] ts Lekfjdkd gsrq vo; fdNq fy[kh vk ?kqj?kqjk]
ts ,gu lqvoljes kjhd dksuk us gSc\
Lekfjdkes fy[kckd ykSy r Hksy] eqnk fy[kw dh\ ls leL;k NyA gej yksgk
Ldwyes i<+d dky okZ 1958l okZ 1962 bZ0 NyA Ldwy fLFkr ^tuekSrh&ikSrh*d vuqlkj
gej tUeLFkku ukxng] vk tUefrfFk 02 tuojh 1946 bZ0 vfN ts fVifud led{kfg&lu
vfNA vFkkZr~ vks ts voLFkk Ny 12l 16 okZd chp] vksdj Le`fr vuUr vfN] tdjk ,dVk
vkys[kes leVc vlEHkoA r[ku ,dVk fok; Qqjk;y vk eu&ladYiukes l n cSfl xsyA
cSfl xsy ts ,fg vkys[kd ekns fd,d us ge viu gsMekLVj lkgscd lax&lax vU; lc
ekLVj lkgsc yksdfud Lej.k d vfrr`Ir gksbA vr% l,g d jgy NhA viu r`Ir Hk
jgy NhA
iwT;k elksekr kfkef.k pkS/kjkbud ekns dh fy[kw\ la{ksies bZ cqf> ysy tk, ts
t[ku nsk ijrU= Ny vk tfg;k eSfVdgq Lrjd i<+kb ek/;fed ufg] mPp cq>y tkbr
Ny( ifjfLFkfr ,gu jgSd ts ek/;fedgq Lrjd bldqy kgjfg /kfj lhfer Ny & mPp
fk{kkd gsrq xked dksu x.kuk! eSfVdgq i<+d gks r e/kqcuh] njHkaxk] eqtQjiqj ok iVuk
tkmA vU;= ,rcgq /kfj i<+c vlEHko Ny xkeesA rkfg foke ifjfLFkfres okZ 1937&38
bZ0es ts O;fDr lektes fk{kkd izlkj gks] ,fg foUnqij lkspyfu( lkspcsVk ufg d,yfu vfirq
bldqyd ysy viu vikj vk vewY; lEifkds lektd gsrq nku d nsyfu( bZ dYiuk
djckd fok; fFkd ts ,gu egku nkr` dsgu egkeuk NyhgA
yksgkd ,fg elksekrds lEiw.kZ lekt ^elksekr lkgsc* ukel lEcksf/kr djSr vkfc
jgy vfNA gej viu O;fDrxr fookl vfN ts gejk bykdkes t yksgk gkb Ldwy ufg
jgSr r vksfg ikp dksld ifjf/kd ipklgq xksV xked vLlh izfrkr lqfkf{kr O;fDr
vkb;ks /kfj ^vi<+* jfgrfFkA ge vkS[ku vksfg izkrLej.kh;k elksekr lkgscds Lej.k djSr Nh
vk dksfV&dksfV iz.kke djSr NhA
vkc vkm] viu gsMekLVj lkgsc vk vku ekLVj lkgsc yksdfud ekns fdNq dghA
ge ,d vk[kjes ,rck ckr vo; dfg ldS Nh ts viu thoud ,fg lkfj okZd
vUrjkyes thoues cM+&cM+ fo|ky;] egkfo|ky;] foofo|ky; ns[ky( c# o`fkl ufg] /kfj
izo`fkl lSdM+ ufg gtkjgq fk{kdd lEidZes v,ygq( jax&fojaxd kklu] izkklu & lHk
fdNq ns[kfy;Sd] eqnk kS{kf.kd ,dVk laLFkku ts yksgk gkb Ldwy Ny rdj iklks vkb
103

vU;= nqyZHk vfNA iz/kku fk{kdl reke fk{kdes ,gu izse] izR;sd fk{kdds viu
fo|kFkhZl ,rsd Lusg] fo|kFkhZ yksdfuds viu fk{kd yksdfud izfr, ,gu HkfDr & Lej.k
djSr Nh r vkS[ku vUr%LFkyds fHktk nSr vfNA vr% vkm viu yksgk gkb Ldwyd
rRlkef;d fk{kd yksdfud izfr fdNq kCn okpu djh &
1- ije iwT; jked`.k >k
bldqyd fo|kFkhZ fgud uke ufg ySr Ny] iz/kkuk/;kid lsgks ufg dgSr NyA
fo|kFkhZ dgSr Ny & gsMekLVj lkgscA gsMekLVj lkgsc ekus jked`.k ckcwA egkdfo
fo|kifr iq#kd ifjp; ,fg izdkjs nSr NfFk & ^ohj% kkS;Z foosdkH;ke~ mRlkgsu p ef.Mr%*A
vFkkZr~ kwjrk] foosd vk mRlkgl ts foHkwfkr NfFk] ls iq#k ohj NfFkA fo|kifrd nsy
ifjHkkkkd vuqlkj ge viu gsMekLVj lkgsc ds lksM+gks vkuk ^ohj iq#k*d dksfVes j[kSr NhA
gejk fookl vfN ts yksgk bldqyd fo|kFkhZ lesr vksfg tuind ts O;fDr gej gsMekLVj
lkgscds ns[kus gsrkg] ls lc gej ,fg dF;l lger gsrkgA
gfjiqj MhgVksy xkeoklh gej gsMekLVj lkgsc viu kwjRo] foosd vk mRlkgd
iznkZu gtkjgq csj ;Fkkolj izLrqr d,us NfFk ts gejk yksdfud] yksgk bldqyd fo|kFkhZd
thou pfj=es ?kksafV&?kksafVd fivkvksy vfN] vk ts gejk yksdfu leLr Nk=d ysy vks
thou&lEcy fFkdA
gsMekLVj lkgsc ,d&vk/k ufg] izR;sd fok;d fk{kd NykgA gqudk i<+k,ces lHkl
iS?k fokskrk Ny ts t[ku vks i<+cSr Nykg r viu dF;ds ek= vks viu fok; /kfj lal`r
ufg j[kSr NykgA fok;d ifjf/kds vks O;kid cucSr Nykg] vksfg fok;&fokskes vks
thoud la/kku djSr Nykg vk fo|kFkhZd ekulij vksdj Hkfo;r~es iz;kstuh; vksfg
O;ogkj&fk{kk ds vkjksfir d nSr NykgA b,g dkj.k Ny ts fo|kFkhZ ds eSfVd ijh{kkd
ysy ^lsUV vi* Hk xsykd mijkUrgq fnlEcj&tuojhd tkM+gq dkyes bldqyd eSnkues
pkfj&pkfj] ikp&ikp ?k.Vk rd Dykl ySr Nykg r fo|kFkhZ ds gqud i<+kb dfg;ks mck
ufg yxSdA
lektes vksfg le;es dsgu xjhch jgSd] drsd vfk{kk jgSd] drsd fookrk jgSd]
rdj t o.kZu djc r ls ,[ku vlEHko fFkdA eksVk&eksVh b,g cq>w ts dksuks pfVvkd
i,jes iugh ufg] nsgij ,dVk uhd lud LosVj ufg( ts Qqytqkk ifgfj Ldwy py vkc;]
rdjk cq>y tk, ts vks fcvkg d ysydA lklqjes fcnkbes tqkk HksVySd rs tqkk ifgjus
vfNA cslh yksd ts LosVj ifgj, ls [kknh Hk.Mkjoyk] ikp Vdk nke jgSd vksfg LosVj dsjA
tdj ek, pj[kk dkVSd rdjk vks LosVj miyC/k Hk icSdA
eSfVdd QkWeZ Hkjck dkyes cgqrks fo|kFkhZd vfHkHkkodds viu [ksr ^Hkjuk* jk[kd
iM+Sd r[ku vks QkWeZ Hkfj ikc,A ijh{kkl ifgus ,dVk ^VsLV isij* ukel eksVxj iksFkh
ctkjes fcdkb tkfges izR;sd fok;d cks/k djkvksy tkbr Ny] nke jgSd lkr Vkdk ek=A
eqnk ls dhuc cgqrksd ysy vlEHko NyA
,gu ifjfLFkfres gej gsMekLVj lkgsc viu dksu&dksu cqf)ekkl fo|kFkhZd i<+kSuh
vo#) ufg gksbd] rdj [ks;ky j[kSr Nykg tdj lSdM+gq fp= gejk vkf[kd le{k vkS[ku
upSr vfNA fo|ky;d vR;Ur foke vkfFkZd ifjfLFkfrd ek> dksukd vks viu reke
fk{kdd vHkkods >ickd LrqR; iz;Ru djSr Nykg] vk lHk ds lax y lEekuiwod
Z vkxw
c<+Sr Nykg] rdj lcfgd vusdgq fp= gejk le{k vfNA vr% bZ cgqr jkl ckr nsf[kd]
Hkksfxd ge gsMekLVj lkgscds ^ohj iq#k* dgy vfNA
vfoHkkftr fcgkj ts ,[ku fcgkj vk >kj[k.M nwVk jkT; vfNes eSfVd ijh{kkd
eSfFkyh fok; ds iz/kku ijh{kd Head Examiner Nykg gej gsMekLVj lkgscA
okZ 1968 bZ0es t[ku gqudk lQy fk{kdd :ies ^jkVifr iqjLdkj* izkIr Hksy r
104

gej bykdkes iqjLdkj izkIrdkkZl cslh ^iqjLdkj* lEekfur HksyA vFkkZr~ ,fg tuind
tulkekU;es bZ vo/kkj.kk cuySd ts mDr iqjLdkj* fufpr :il U;k; djSr vfN vk vks
ek= l{kere O;fDr,ds nsy tkbNA
jkVd Lrjl yd fooLrj /kfj ,gu dksuks ?kVuk&foksk ufg Ny ts ?kVykd
mkj lUnfHkZr fok; ds ijes yksgk bldqyd lSdM+ks gkFk uke cj.Mkij fnud i<+kb
lekIr Hksykd mijkUr fo|kFkhZ vk fk{kd yksdfud lkewfgd cSlkM+h ufg d,y tkbr gksv,
vk vksfges gsMekLVj lkgsc fufpr :il Hkkk.k ufg dsus gksfFkA viu fo|kFkhZds oSfod
fok;l voxr djkd jk[kc vks viu iquhr dkZO; cq>Sr NykgA gejk Lej.k vfN] la;qDr
jkV la?k UNO - United Nations Organizationd rRdkyhu v/;{k Mkx~ gSej kksYMd
vksgh le;es vlkef;d fu/ku Hk xsy NyA yksgk bldqyes gqudks lEekues kksd lHkk
vk;ksftr Hksy vk gsMekLVj lkgsc mDr O;fDrRod ijes fokn~ O;k[;ku nsus NykgA
vks le; NySd tkfges jsfM;ks lsgks lkekU; ;U= ufg Ny] Vsfyfot+ud dFks dksu\
vk r[ku lqnwj xke&?kjd viu fo|kFkhZds cslhl cslh ^PkkSpd* cukd jk[kc & bZ gqudfg
y{; Hk ldSr NyA
2- ije iwT; JhdkUr ckcw
vlhe O;fDrRod /kfud JhdkUr ckcw] xke difl;k] yksgk bldqyd vflLVsUV
gsMekLVj NykgA JhdkUr ckcw vR;Ur xEHkhj] vaxzsth [kkld O;kdj.k vk LokLF; foKkud
;ksX;re fk{kd r Nykgs] laxfg vks viu difl;k xzke iapk;rd vktUe fufoZjks/k eqf[k;k
lsgks jgykgA viu ,fg nquwVk nkf;Rods vks viu dksu dqkyrkl ogu djSr jgy gks;rkg
ls vkb;ks ikBd lksfp ldSr NhA vkfFkZd :il lsgks /kfud Nykg JhdkUr ckcwA eqnk rdj
vfHkekud drgq Nwfr ufgA gsMekLVj lkgsc vk vks nquw xksV; ckylaxh Nykg vk rdj
lqxfU/k t[ku&r[ku tulkekU;gqds HksVSdA yksd fgudk nquw xksVkd fe=rk nsf[k xn~xn Hk
tk,A
ge vksfg voLFkkes [kwc ukVd vk izglu djhA gej izglud lHkl iS?k
^lkVhfidV* Ny ts JhdkUr ckcw gejfgVk xIiij HkHkkd glSr NykgA vksuk gqud nquwVk
xky rsgu Qwyy&Qwyy Ny ts gBkr~ gqudk ys glcgq vlEHko NyfUgA ,d csjd xi
dgSr NhA mDr nquw fe=es [kwc mrjk&pkSjh gksbr jgSUg] LdwyfgijA ge vksgh nus viu
fdykl fnfl py tkbr jghA vks nquw xksVk gejk ns[kyfu vk JhdkUr ckcw [kwc tksjl
vkokt n gejk ctkSyfuA ge v,ygq] rfg;k ge izk;% nle~ oxZd fo|kFkhZ jghA JhdkUr
ckcw gejk dgyfu & gvks cqf)ukFk! jked`.k dgSr NfFk ts gqudk Fkkukes ^yksgkd yksd*
pySr NfUgA /;krO; ts yksgk] gfjiqj vkfn xke lc [ktkSyh Fkkukes iM+Sr NyA ,egj gej
xke ukxng vk JhdkUr ckcwd xke difl;k] bZ nquwVk csuhih Fkkukes iM+Sr NyA la;ksx]
gej gkftj tokch izR;qRiUuefrRo gejk dkt nsydA ge pksfg dgfy;fu & vkfg js ck
ekLVj lkgsc! fgudk gsMekLVj lkgscd Fkkukes r yksgkd yksd pySr Vk NfUg( ;m] gejk
Fkkukes r ^lfjlksd yksd* glS,] ctS,] nkSM+S,---A tkfu ysy tk, ts [ktkSyhes bZ yksgk uked
xke vfN vk csuhihes vfN lfjlo uked xkeA vks yksgkds /kkrqd izrhd cukvksy vk ge
lfjlods vUud izrhd cukd mrkjk nsyA
gej mkj lquSr ekrj ts nquw xksVkd ek> Bgkdk iM+y ls ns[kckd tksxjd NyA
J)s; JhdkUr ckcw gkZl gejk viu iktes lVk ysyfu vk gsMekLVj lkgsc gej ekFk
glksFk yxykgA ,gu&,gu drksd mnkgj.k vfN ts yksgk bldqyd okrkoj.kds e/kqe;
cukSus jgSr NyA
vks le; Ny] fk{kd yksdfuds t[ku ljdkjl njekgk vcSUg r lsgks ,d csfjes
lksM+g vkuk ufgA dfg;ks lkfB izfrkr r dfg;ks vLlh izfrkr & lsgks fd r vkxw&ikNw
105

dA ,guk fLFkfres JhdkUr ckcw viu lg;ksxh fk{kd yksdfud vkfFkZd vlkSd;Zd cks/k
djSr gqudk yksdfud vko;drk iwfkZ djfFk vk viu njekgk ts cpy&[kqpy jkfk] l,g
y lUrksk djfFkA dgw r] dr ik,c ,gu fk{kd!
3- ije iwT; mesk ckcw
yksgk bldqyes mesk ckcwd vFkZ Hksy ijeknj.kh; fk{kd/kU; mesk feJ] xke
lkSjkBA fgud O;fDrRo vfr fofkV NyA LoHkkol vR;Ur fouez] gleq[k] viu
v/;olk;es jr] fujrA v/;;u NksfM+ vku dksugqVk nqfu;knkjhl fcydqy vlEi`DrA
lkbfdy pf<+ Ldwy vcSr NykgA fgud vH;kl NyfUg & fgudk t dsvks ^iz.kke ekLVj
lkgsc* dgSr NyfUg r bZ viu nquwVk gkFk tksfM+ vkkhokZn nSr NyfFkUgA lknxhd bZ
izfrewfkZ mesk ckcw ,d fnu lkbfdyl bldqy lekIr Hksykd mijkUr ihp lM+d idfM+
viu xke lkSjkB pfy tk jgy NykgA ckVes dksuks fo|kFkhZ fgudk ^iz.kke ekLVj lkgsc*
dgydA mesk ckcw viu LoHkkod vuqlkj viu nquw gkFk tksfM+ mDr fo|kFkhZds vkkhk
nsyA Qy Hksy ts lkbfdyd gSf.Myl fgud nquw gkFk NwfV xsy vk QyLo:i ihpfgij
/kM+kel [klykgA lqdqj Ny] ikNwl dksuks cl ok vku lokjh ufg vcSr Ny] r ckfp r
xsykg] /kfj Bsgqu] ckfg lc QwfV xsyfUgA Nj&Nj [kwu cg ykxyA yksd lc nkSM+y]
ekLVj lkgsc ds mBkSydA ,dkres y xsyfu] ikfu fivkSydfu] fdNq nokb&fcjksZ HksyA
r[ku mesk ckcw xke igqpykgA
,rsd fdNq Hk xsykd mijkUrgq mesk ckcw viu ^ckuk* ufg NksM+yfUgA vkkhkd
vks eqnzk fgud thou i;ZUr dk;e jgyA vkg--- mesk ckcw!
4- iwT;ikn ukjk;.k ckcw
ukjk;.k ckcw vFkkZr~ ukjk;.k pkS/kjh] xke yksgk caxky VksyA tehankj dqyksn~Hko ,fg
iq.; iq#kds t[ku Lej.k djSr Nh r ekules dksuks _fk] egfkZd fp= mifLFkr Hk
tkb,A ,dVk NksV [kqhd yksd] /ki/ki mTtj /kksrh] nsgij lkQ dqjrk] rkfgijl ,dVk
nksiVk] NksV [kqhd dk;ij vks fokky eLrd] izkLr yykV] yykVij f=iq.M] f=iq.Md
uhpk [kwc ns[kugj lsuqjd xksy BksiA ukjk;.k ckcwds ts dsvks ns[kus fN;fUg frudk eksu
ufg gSr ts gqudk dfg;ks mnkl ns[kus gscSUgA [kwc ;ksX; fk{kdA LoHkko ,gu ts dsvks
fo|kFkhZ t dksuks fk{kdds ,dek= viu fe= cq>Sr Ny r vks Nykg & ukjk;.k ckcwA
i<+cfFk r cqf> iM+; ts feljhes ?kksfj&?kksfj fivk jgy NfFkA gqudkl t,g fok; i<+w ls
vcwg ufg ykxrA
LoHkkol ije vkfLrd Nykg ukjk;.k ckcwA vksfg fnues ,fg ckrd ppZ NySd
ts ,d fnu bZ t[ku viu ?kjes iwtkij cSly jgfFk] ti&/;kues yhu jgfFk r dsvks
gkdjksl djSr nkSM+y vk,y] fgudk lEokn nsydfu ts fdNq fnul #X.k ts gqud o;Ld
iq= Nykg frudj r[kufg nsgkUr Hk xsyfu NyA lEokn lqfu ukjk;.k ckcw fdafprgq
fopfyr ufg Hksykg] iwtk vUr dS, d mBykg vk rdj ckn ts nqfu;knkjhes gksbr NSd]
rnuqlkj O;ogkj dSyfUgA dgw] dr ik,c ,gu vkfLrdA
,r ,dVk ckr m)`r djc vko;dA Ldwyes t[ku ^Qzhfki*oyk fyLV fudySd
r drksd fo|kFkhZ Ny tdj ;k r Qhl ekQ ufg Hk ldSd] ok ddjks ;fn ekQgq gksbd
r eu ekfQd ufg & vk/kk&Nh/kkA ,gu dksfVd drksd fo|kFkhZ dku ykx,A drl vks
pqdkvksr pkfj Vkdk izfrekl ok Vkdk] nqb;ks Vkdk\ ukjk;.k ckcw ,gu&,gu fo|kFkhZd ys[kk
djfFkA vksdjk viuk fnfll ksk Qhld Hkj.k djfFk vk vks fo|kFkhZ fu/kks[k Hk viu
v/;;u tkjh jk[k,A /;ku bZgks jk[kw ts ukjk;.k ckcw tehankjd lUrku Nykg vo;] eqnk
tehankjh rkor VwfV xsy jgSUgA gqud viugq fokh; fLFkfr dksuks cM+ etxwr ufg jgSUg]
rFkkfi mnkjeukd fk{kk vk fk{kkFkhZd izfr, viu izfrc)rk Ny] tdj fuokZg vks vktUe
106

d,yfuA
dgw us] dr ik,c ,gu fk{kd yksgk bldqy ds NksfM+ d!
5- iwT;ikn fooukFk ckcw
ikrj&Nhrj yiyi nsg] LQwfkZl /k/kdSr] fdafpr dQkg jgfFk eqnk rdj ijokfg
ufgA vuq[ku viu m|ferkes ykxyA ls tfguk bldqyij rfguk viu xkeijA viu
Jel vftZr vk;d nk;jkes LoPN thou thckd ywfM+ t lh[kd gks r ls iwT; fooukFk
ckcwl lh[kwA vks viu O;ogkjd oLrqd nked izfr dfg;ks fQeUn ufg NykgA /kfj vksdj
mi;ksx mPp euksHkkol gks] rdjk ysy vks lrr lkdka{k jgSr NykgA /kksrh lk/kkj.k vfN rs
fd] /kfj vks lkQ vfN( deht nkeh ufg vfN r fd] vks lqlfTtr vfN( iugh lk/kkj.k
fd,d ufg] /kfj vksfgij ikWfyk vo;sA fooukFk ckcw lry[kkl lkbfdyl bldqy
vkokxeu djSr NykgA fgud NksV ckyd Jh mekuUn Hkkb gejkl ,d fdykl vkxwd Nk=
jgfFkuA fdykles QLVZ djfFk HkkbA fdykles fgud dEihfVVj jgfFk ukxsUnzth] gej
oxZfe= lkSjkBoklh nsosUnzd tsB HkkbA tfed izfrLi/kkZ jg;] nquw fo|kFkhZd ek>A vUrr%
cksMZgq ijh{kkes mekuUn Hkkb loksZPp Hksykg vk viu iwT; fk{kd firkd eku jk[kyA
fooukFk ckcw gejk yksdful fgUnh&eSfFkyhd pgVxj okD; lcfgd vaxzsthes
VkUlysku djkcfFkA ;Fkk & ^gvks] dus rekdw ykcg r*( ^;m] uksafl fd,d yS Nh\ bZ dksuks
uhd vknfr ufg*( ^?kksM+s ds ihNs er jgks] ;g rqEgkjh nkr rksM+ nsxk* bR;kfnA
fooukFk ckcw foksk :il lektkkL=d fk{kd NykgA vksuk] laLd`r] fgUnh]
eSfFkyh] vaxzsth bR;kfn dksuks fok; fgudkl vNwfr ufg NyA ,gu&,gu es/kkoh fk{kdd
i<+kbl yksgk bldqyd fo|kFkhZd ckSf)drk dudu djSr jgSr NyA
6- iwT;ikn gfjnso yky nkl
gfjiqj Mhg Vksy fuoklh gejk yksdfud xf.kr fk{kd ije J)s; gfjnso yky
nkld ,d ikfres ifjp; b,g Hk ldSr vfN ts yksgk gkb Ldwyes t gsMekLVj lkgsc]
jked`.k >k ^;qf/kfBj* Nykg r gfjnso yky nkl ^vtqZu* Nykg] l,g cq>wA gfjnso yky
nkl lud pkuud Nwjh lu rst fk{kd thoues izk;% ufg ns[kuk xsyA fdykles vFkok
fdykll ckgj] fo|kFkhZd mij] fk{kdd mij ok bldqyd mij dksuksVk vojks/k
vkcvks] ,lxj gfjnso ckcw lHk O;kf/kd vk lcfgd O;kf/kd vkSk/k NykgA rsthl nsg
dudu djSr pkSchlks ?k.VkA gqudk dsvks vizlUu ns[kus g,r dfg;ks] rdj izufg ufg
NyA i<+cSr vks xf.kr NykgA xf.kr fok; ds gejk yksdfu xsu&lu gYyqd cq>hA viu
pfVvk ds vks rsgu d rS;kj d nsfFk ts eSfVd Dykl vUr gksbr&gksbr vks CySd cksMZij
tkor dkyes fglkc fy[kfFk rkores gelHk mkj fyf[kd dkWih gqud vkxwes /k fnvfuA
gejk yksdfud r#.k&eues vgh ckrd izfrLi/kkZ Ny ts ds drsd ifgus fglkc gy dd
dkWih gqudk lks>k Qsfd nsrA
vkVZ~ld fo|kFkhZ ds vks ^,ojhMs lkbUl* i<+cfFkA yksgk bldqyd vkVZ~ld
fo|kFkhZ ,ojhMs lkbUl ds ^/kuhd ikr n ihly vkfeyd pVuh* cq>;A vFkkZr~ lHkl
pgVxj lctsDVA
viu vknkZij dk;e jfg] vuhfrd fo#) dsguks nk#.k O;fDrl HkhfM+ t,ckd
pkSchlgq ?k.Vk ekk j[kSr Nykg gej ekLVj gfjnso yky nkl egksn;A
7- iwT;ikn ia0 t;uUnu >k
^gs kkjns kqHk kkfUr nkf;uh] ekrq t; okxhojhA
Ekk Hkkjrh dY;kf.k t; t;] t;fr t; txnhojhAA*
yksgk bldqyes oxZ izkjEHk gksel iwoZ Nk= vks fk{kd yksdfud leosr Lojes
xkvksy tk;oyk ,fg fuR; izkFkZuk xhrd jpsrk gfjiqj cDlh Vksy fuoklh bldqyd laLd`r
107

fk{kd J)kLin ia0 t;uUnu >k NykgA bldqyd reke pfVvk fgudk ^if.Mrth* dgSr
NyA laLd`res drgq lnksfDr HksVy vfN & ^rSjHkqDrh;k LoHkkokr~ xq.k xfoZ.kka HkofUr---* ls
gejk yksdfud if.Mrth fufpr :il ,dVk xq.kxohZ O;fDr NykgA laLd`rkkL=es gqud
fo}rk vikj Ny vk rs vks viuk vkxqes ddjgq ekstj djrkg] ls vlEHko NyA
izfrokZ ljLorh iwtkd voljij bldqyd vkeU=.k i=ij vks ,dVk laLd`r yksd
fy[kfFkA rkfg yksdes t fefl;ks Hkfj =qfV Hk tk, r O;oLFkkid fo|kFkhZl yd
Nkioyk izsl /kfj ddjgq ekQh ufgA iwtkl ikp fnu ifgus vksfg Niy vkeU=.k i=ds
if.Mrthl LofLr djkm vk rdj cknfg vks ckVy tk,rA t =qfV jfg xsy r iqu% Nkik
djk;csVk funku NyA
iwT; if.Mrthd iz/kkur% nwVk dkt NyfUg & 1 lc d{kkes laLd`r i<+k,c vk
2 ljdkjd ok Lokra;kskj Hkkjrh; lektes nLrd nSr uo dqO;oLFkkd izfr, viu
vkksk O;Dr djcA
;keo.kZ] [kwc Njgj dk;] ckUgy Vhd] mTtj /kksrh&dqjrk vk nsgij nksiVk]
dikjij pkuud uhpk lsujq d Bksi d,us if.Mrthds lektd bZ ucdk ifjosk vDlj
vlgt&lu yxSr NyfUg vo; eqnk tgk /kfj turc vk fk{k.kd izu vfN] rkfg
foUnqij viu fok;es vk viu nkf;Rod izfr ikFkj Nykg gej iwT; if.MrthA g] ls l,g
& ^rksgj lfjl ,d rqv ek/ko---*A
8- iwT;ikn uUnw >k
puuiqjk&/kdtjh fuoklh leknj.kh; uUnw >k] ch0 ,l&lh0 ikl yksgk bldqyd
foKku fk{kd NykgA vksfg fnud b,g QSku jgSd] foKku fk{kdds Nk= gqud fMxzhvfgl
lEcksf/kr d,y dj,A vr% uUnw >kd vFkZ ^ch0 ,l&lh0* NyA [kwc ;ksX; fk{kd Nykg
gej ch0 ,l&lh0A rsgu ;ksX; ts yksgkl pfyd ,Dds csj Mh0 Hkh0 lh0 Damodar valley Corporation Ldwy] eSFku /kuckn xsykg vk vksr [kwc uhd Ldsyes gqud lsysDku
Hk xsyfUgA vks vksr tk, Tokbu d ysyfUgA eqnk rkor gejk yksdfud bldqyd i<+kbd
vUr Hk xsy Ny] ek= eSfVdd ijh{kk nsc ksk NyA
9- iwT;ikn jktnso >k
jktnso >kd ekus vkb0 ,l&lh0A gfjiqj Mhg Vksy fuoklh bZ foKku fk{kd
vkb0 ,l&lh0 ikl NykgA rs fgudk yksd vkb0 ,l&lh0 dgSr NyA LoHkkol vR;Ur
fouez] i<+ces fu.kkr~] foKku iz;ksxkkykd ;U=ksidj.k vks izk;kSfxd dk;Zd vuU;re oskk
gej vkb0 ,l&lh0 foKkud ^eksLV duQhMsUV* fk{kd NykgA HkkSfrdhd ^lkm.M* pSIVj ds
i<+k,c vks cke gkFkd [ksy cq>fFkA ,dj i<+kSuh vks viu Nk= yksdfuds eSfVdd ijh{kk
dsUnzfgd vkoklij ijh{kkl ,d&nw fnu iwoZ djfFk vk ls rsuk d djfFk ts vks oLrq
fo|kFkhZd thgij cSfl tk;A izui=es lkm.Mij ,dVk izu jgcs djSd vk rdj yksgk
bldqyd fo|kFkhZ uhd tdk tokc fnv,A
iwT; vkb0 ,l&lh0d O;fDrRo ^vUr%euk* Ny vFkkZr~ ijl lkekU; /kfj Hkhrjl
dky Kku lkis{kA
10- iwT;ikn pk#pUnz pkS/kjh eqUuwth
ije iwT; fk{kd eqUuwthd vly uke pk#pUnz pkS/kjh NfUg] ls lqfu vkb;ks yksgk
bldqyd rkfg fnuqd kr&izfrkr pfVvk pkSafd mBrkgA dkj.k caxky Vksy] yksgk fuoklh
eqUuwth lHkd n`fVes ek= eqUuwth NykgA [kwc ;ksX;] pdpd lqUnj lkQ O;fDrRo] ydyd
ikrj] NM+h lu lks>] LQwfrZl Hkjy LiksVZ~leSu fk{kd Nykg J)s; eqUuwthA caxky vk
tehankjd vn~Hkqr feJ.k Ny gqud O;fDrRoesA eqg Qksyrkg fd fogqlSr HksVrkgA vtc ds
vkHkk] loZfiz; eqUuwth viu v/;olk;d izfr, vR;Ur lkdka{kA QyLo:i vks ukSdjhes
108

jgykd mijkUrgq] vodkk yd fMi&bu ,M0 d,yfu vk gejk yksdfu oxZ ,dknles
vk,y gSc fd fokq) ljdkjh fo|ky;es ljdkjh fk{kd Hk yksgk bldqy NksfM+ nsyA
eqUuwth viu csgrj Hkfo;ds ivksyfUg vk gejk yksdfu viu fiz; eqUuwthds NksM+yA
11- iwT;ikn lqkhy pkS/kjh
leknj.kh; lqkhy ckcw bldqyd fk{kd&lg&fyfid NykgA yksgk tehankj
?kjkukd bZ O;fDrRo viuk vkies fojy NyA dsvks us dfg ldSr Ny ts fdykles i<+kSuh
djd dkyd vfrfjDr fgudj cktc dsvks lquus gSr drgqA ijkdkBkd bZekunkjh vk
dkZO;fuBk Ny ,fg egkekuoesA ^O;fDrd igpku inl ufg] vksdj pfj=l gksbN*] rdj
l|% mnkgj.k Nykg viu lqkhy ckcwA tsgus /ki/ki /kksrh] rsgus LiV fy[kkoV] rsgus
QfjPN vkpj.k] lHkVk lesfVd ,d= d,y Ny ,fg iq.; iq#kesA
12- iwT;ikn egEen okftn gqlSu ekSyoh lkgsc
dkdj?kkVh njHkaxk fuoklh egkeuk ekSyoh lkgscd vly uke dsvks pfVvk ufg
tuSr NyA gegw ufgA ,[ku tsuk&rsuk fp0 jrhk ckcw vkRet gsM ekLVj lkgsc Lo0
jked`.k >kl bZ turc ,d= d,y vfN vk r[ku ekSyoh lkgscd uke fy[ky vfNA
ekSyoh lkgsc vuU; O;fDrRod /kfud fk{kd NykgA pkapY;l cky] mRll ;qo vk
dkZO;l fu.kkr~ cw<+o; Nykg gej ekSyoh lkgscA fdykl Nvksl yd ,xkjg /kfj]
bldqyd dehZ [kkgs vks fk{kd gksFkq ok pijklh ok lQkbdehZ & ekSyoh lkgsc lcfgd fe=
NykgA ,gu fuNy O;fDr ftudk lax vgk fdNq ckft ldSr Nh] ftudkl vgk fu/kks[k
ijkekZ y ldSr NhA
ekSyoh lkgsc bldqyd Nk=koklfges viu lqiq= fp0 xqykcd lax okl djSr
Nykg vk vkBgq igj vkuUneXu jgSr NykgA
ge vksuk r bldqyd lHk fk{kdd fiz; jgh] ge dykdkj jgh] LiksVZ~leSu jgh]
dgh r uhd v/;srk jgh vk rs ge lHkd fiz; jghA eqnk ge lHkl fiz; fdud jgh & gsM
ekLVj lkgscd ok ekSyoh lkgscd] ls dgc dfBu vfNA gsM ekLVj lkgscd rhu xksV ikY;
& gquds T;sB iq= lrhk Hkkb] T;sB Hkkfrt jesk Hkkb vk Hkkfxu rkjkdkUr Hkkb & bZ rhuw
Hkkb gej oxZlaxh jgfFkA Jh lrhk Hkkb FkksM+sd gBh jgfFkA vks gej lykg NksfM+ lalkjes
ddjgq lykg ekud ysy rS;kj ufgA Qy jgSd ts gsM ekLVj lkgscksds t viu iq= ds
fdNq cq>kcd gksbUg r ls dkt vks gejs lEcks/ku d djfFkA
ekSyoh lkgsc gej ,fg esfjV ds cq>Sr NykgA vks bldqy Vhe }kjk dksuks QqVckWy
eSpes kjhd gksed ysy ok bldqyes LorU= :il QqVckWy VwukZesUV py,ckd ysy iwT; gsM
ekLVj lkgsc yx gejfg ekjQr iSjoh djcSr NykgA ge gsM ekLVj lkgscd vksfg fokky
O;fDrRod yx vis{kkd`r dusd cslh Qwty jgh vk rs gejk mDr izdkjd iSjohvgq djes
eksu ykx; vk iwT; gsM ekLVj lkgsc gej vkxzgds Lohd`frvgq n nsfFk] rdj lSdM+gq
mnkgj.k gej vkf[kd le{k ukfp jgy vfNA
gej vUr%LFkd lkfgR; tkZes Vseh mldkcd dkt gej ekSyoh, lkgsc d,us
NfFkA lkfgR; gej thou ikFks; Hksy] rdj ckjg vkuk Js; ekSyoh lkgscd fFkdA gejk eksu
vfN fdykl 9] 10] 11d dksuks ijh{kkes t[ku ge eSfFkyh ok fgUnhd dkWih fy[kh r
ijh{kkd lekiud ?kaVh ckt;l 2&3 feuV iwoZfg ekSyoh lkgsc gej cxyes vkfcd Bk<+
Hk tkfFkA gejkl gej mkj iqfLrdk ekfx ysfFk vk drgq ,dkres tk vks gej ys[k i<+fFk
ok ts eksu ls i<+fFk vk r[ku dkWih lEc) fk{kdds lqiqnZ djfFkA iNkfr ys[k dsj vksgh
ikrh lcfgd mYys[k d gejkl euksjatu djfFkA Qy gksv, ts ge dksuks Hkkkkd i= ds
cgqr lko/kkuhl mkj fy[kh ts gej iwT; ekSyoh lkgscds izlUu d ld;A
ekSyoh lkgscd izfr, viu vkHkkj O;Dr djckd ysy] gqud ije fuNy vksfg
109

xq.kkoyhd c[kku djd ysy gejk yxes kCn ufg vfNA vr% gqud lUnHkZds ,[ku ,rfg
bfr djSr NhA
gej HkkX; ts ge yksgk bldqyes i<+us NhA ge viu thoues t ddjgq pfj=]
ddjgq vkpj.k ok ddjgq ok.khds udy d,us Nh r vks iwT;ikn gej fk{kd yksdfu
fFkdkgA
vkb gegw lkfjd yd/kdes pfy jgy NhA le; cgqr chfr xsySdA lUnfHkZr
reke vkRek izk;% xksyksdoklh Hk xsykgA vkb t vks yksdfu ftcSr jfgrfFk r gejk vo;
vkkhokZn fnrfFkA gejk viuk eksues lnfr dky bZ xkSjo jgy ts fo|kFkhZ yk[kgq xqtjy
gksfFk vksfg bldqyl] eqnk lHkes loZfiz; gegha NygqA bZ ckr gejk gksb,] bZ Hkus lR; ufg
gks] /kfj gejk gksb,A dsvks t ,fgl ufg, lger gksfFk r ge dh d#\ ge r cq>Sr
Nh] ,d lax lHk HksVykg gejk yksgk bldqyes &
^nkuohjks gfjpUnzks] n;kohjks fkfo% u`i%A
;q)ohjks Hkosr~ ikFkZ%] lR;ohjks ;qf/kfBj%AA*
vkc r le; chfr xsySd] lHk py xsykgA vkc dh fy[kw & ^e/kkorhrs e/kqjLojs.k
u iapea xk;fr dksfdyksfiA* e/kqekl chfr xsykij dksfdygq dgk iape xcSr vfN\
vLrq] vkxr ih<+hds vkkhk nSr Nh] lHkfgd dqkyd dkeuk djSr Nh & ^lgt
lqefr oj fnvvks xkslkmfu---A* bfrA
i`B&116d kskkak
>kj[k.Mes eSfFkyh lkfgR;dkj yksdfu pqh lu /kkfjes lglg pfy jgy NfFk] eqnkviu ekSfyd nsl&dksles lkfgR; vdknseh iqjLdkjl iqjLd`r fouksnkuUn Bkdqj] ukVddkj
yYyu izlkn Bkdqj] cqf)ukFk >k] misUnz nkskh] MkW0 Jherh kkfUr lqeu] fl;kjke >k
^ljl*] MkW0 fo|kukFk >k ^fofnr*] MkW0 vkksd vfopy] MkW0 johUnz dqekj pkS/kjh] d`.k dkUr
>k] dqekj euhk vjfoUn] ;ke nfjgjs lu ek= fdNq, >kj[k.Mh eSfFkyh lkfgR;dkjd
fok;es cw>y gsrfuA cgqr jkl uo&uo ifjp;ds viu izlwul MkW0 johUnz pkS/kjhth vatfy
nsyfu vfNA >kj[k.Md ekfV&ikfues jey fofo/k {ks=d dkyt;h eSfFkyes kghn lnkuUn
>k] jktuhfrK if.Mr fouksnkuUn >k] fefFkyk jkT; vkUnksyues >kj[k.Md eSfFkyd
;ksxnku] vUrjkZVh; efgyk eqDdsckt Jherh v#.kk feJkd d,y xsy ppZ mfpr vk
izklafxd vfNA
,fg rjgs fofo/k uSdk&uSdk dkSrwgy Hkjy fefFkyked lwpukl ^>kj[k.Mes eSfFkyh*
fefFkykd vk;keds egeg djSr MkW0 johUnz thd izLrqfr izsj.kk Hkjy yxSN] ,fges lfUufgr
izsjd rods dksu&dksu rjgs ge lHk vkRelkr djc bZ r gejk lHkd n`fVdks.kij fuHkZj
djSr vfNA tkSa fd;ks vonkuh ok eSfFkyhd ysy d`rK lkfgR;dkj viu eSfFkyh jpukd
ifgyqd laLdj.kes 1500 izfr NicSr vfN] r ,fg Bkefgl vksdj vonku dksuk us
kfUrdkjh ykx;! ksk vkskA
iksFkhd uke % >kj[k.Mes eSfFkyh
ys[kd
% MkW0 johUnz dqekj pkS/kjh
izdkku
% ks[kj izdkku] iVuk
ewY;
% 300@& Vkdk
izdkku okZ % lu~ 2014 bZ0

110

lgt d`fk
d`fk m|ksx ,oa ikqikyu & ,dVk lgt kfUr
& Jh v#.k dqekj >k
lgt d`fk ^lgt ;ksx*d izfrQy fFkdA d`kd yksdfu viu Qlyd [ksrhd ysy
lgt d`fk fof/kd mi;ksx djSr NfFkA bZ ns[ky xsy vfN ts ,fg i)frd mi;ksx d,ykl
lkekU; fof/kd rqyukes mit cgqr cslh cf<+ tkbr vfNA
gej vuqHko % ge ifNyk 18 Qjojh 2015 bZ0 ds lgt d`fkd izR;{k ykHk
ns[kckd ysy rsykaxuk jkT;d tghjkckn e.My gSnjkcknl mkj&ifPNe eqEcb mPp iFkij
djhc 80&85 fd0eh0 nwj xsy NygqA ge vksfg txgd drsdks [ksr&iFkkjd ifjHkze.k d
losZ{k.k d,ygqA ge ikvksygq ts lgt d`fk }kjk d,y xsy Qlyd mitk gej dYiukl
ckgj NyA xq# olok tqfu;j dkWyst] tghjkcknd vksfg fnuqdk laxksBhes lgt d`fkij
foLr`r ppkZ Hksy NyA lgt d`fk fof/k }kjk mitkvksy HkkVk] VekVj vkvksj /kuhd
vkkkrhr iSnkokjij foksk :is fopkj&foekZ Hksy NyA drsdks x`gLFk viu futh ykHkd
vk/kkjij ,fg ckrd iqfV d,yfu ts lgt d`fk fof/k }kjk d,y xsy [ksrhd mit lkekU;
fof/kd vis{kkd`r cgqr cslh NyA ,dj vfrfjDr ,fg fok;ij iyDdM+ dsjyd ;k=kd
nkSjku lgt d`fk }kjk izkIr ykHkd vuqHkoij lsgks ppkZ HksyA
Jh ekrkth fueZyk nsohd dFku % ^^vgkds vkp;Z gks,r t[ku vgk Lo;ads tkucSd]
viuk vkids uhd tdk cq>cSd vk vuqHko d ldcSd ts vgk ysy lHkl iS?k pht izse
vfNA vgk lkewfgd izsed ,rsd vkuUn ySr Nh ts vgk Lo;al mij mfB tkbr NhA bZ cM+
lgt vfN vk cM+ ljy <axl dkt djSr vfNA gejk bZ mEehnks ufg Ny ts ge viu
vgh thoudkyes ,gu izse Hkjy kkfUriw.kZ] fookliw.kZ lqUnj lalkjds nsf[k ldcA**
lgt d`fk fof/k }kjk Qlyd [ksrh %
d
pSrfU;r cht ,oa jksi.k lkexzh % ,dj v/;;ud ysy ,Ddfg [ksrds nw
cjkcj Hkkxes ckVy tkbr vfN & Hkkx ^bZ* vkvksj Hkkx ^lh*A Hkkx ^bZ* ds lgt d`fk fof/kd
ysy vkvksj Hkkx ^lh* ds lkekU; fof/k }kjk d`fkd ysy pquy tkbr vfNA nquw Hkkxes leku
ek=kes cht] [kkn] ikfu bR;kfnd izcU/k d,y tkbr vfNA fdUrq Hkkx ^bZ* es leLr d`fk
lkexzh cht] [kkn] ikfu bR;kfnds lgt d`fk fof/k }kjk pSrfU;r d,y tkbr vfNA
ns[ky xsy vfN ts lgt d`fk fof/k }kjk d,y xsy [ksrhl izkIr iSnkokj lkekU; fof/kd
vis{kk cgqr cslh Hksy vfN] tdj fooj.k fuEu lkj.khes foLrkjl nsy xsy vfNA
mkj iznsk vk egkjkVes fofHkUu Qlyij lgt d`fk iz;ksxd izxfr %
e
la[;k

1234-

mkj iznsk
iSnkokj fDoaVy
Qlyd uke
pSrfU;r lkekU;
fof/k
fof/k
vkyw izfr 1-50 ,dM+ 92-50
70-00
/kku izfr 1-25 ,dM+
48-00
35-00
xsgw izfr ,dM+
25-00
18-00
puk@gjk puk
700
200
izfr ikS/kk
xzke
xzke
111

egkjkV
iSnkokj fDoaVy
Qlyd uke
pSrfU;r lkekU;
fof/k
fof/k
I;kt izfr ,dM+
4-00
2-00
dikl izfr ,dM+
14-00
10-00
puk izfr ,dM+
10-00
7-00
lks;k chu
12-00
7-00
izfr ,dM+

lgt fof/k }kjk vf/kd tM+ iz.kkyh vk lkekU; fof/k }kjk de o detksj
tMiz.kkyh ns[ky xsy vfNA
[k
lgt d`fk dksuk djh\ %
1- vkRe&cks/k izkIr djhA
2- fu;fer :il /;ku djhA
3- nSfud bZojh; pSrU;ds eglwl djhA
4- d`fk dktd ysy bZojh; pSrU; rduhdd iz;ksx djhA
5- lkewfgd lgt ;ksx /;kues Hkkx yhA
x
lgt d`fkd ykHk %
1- ljy] vklku vkvksj izkd`frd [ksrhA
2- de txg vkvksj vf/kd mRiknuA
3- vukt] Qy] Qwy vkvksj rjdkjhd xq.kokkes lq/kkjA
4- vf/kd vadqj.kA
5- Qlyij dhM+kd U;wure izHkkoA
6- ikS/kk ,oa Qlyd mites o`f)A
7- izkd`frd vkinkl laj{k.kA
8- ikqd pkjkd xq.kokkes lq/kkjA
9- eoskhd LokLF; uhd j[kckes lgk;dA
10- nw/k mRiknu es o`f)A
?k
lgt d`fkd ikNk oSKkfud@rduhdh rdZ %
1- ije pSrU; ikp ro i`Foh] ty] vfXu] vkdkk vkvksj ok;ql cuy vfN vk
bZ ,d fo|qr pqEcdh; pSrU; bysDVks&eSXusfVd okbczskud :ies isM+&ikS/kk]
ikq&i{kh] ekN vkfnes ldkjkRed ifjokZu vkuSNA
2- ije pSrU; }kjk cht] [kkn] ikfu bR;kfnes vUn:uh ifjokZu gksbr vfN] tdj
mi;ksx d`fk dk;Zes d,y tkbr vfNA

lgt ;ksxes pSrU; vFkkZr~ Ba<k gokd ikNk foKku %

fuEu nwVk fp=es fo|qr pqEcdh; pSrU; bysDVks&eSXusfVd okbczskud izHkko
nkkZvksy xsy vfN &

MkW0 gehn ts fd ,d oSKkfud NfFk] ,fg fnO;

pSrU; ygjhd izHkko ikfud mij d,us NfFkA vks irk
yxkSus NfFk ts ikfud ckWUM dks.k bond angle es
lkekU; tyd vis{kk pSrfU;r tyes o`f) gksbr vfN]
,dj vuqdwy izHkko isM+&ikS/kk] ikq&i{kh] ekN vkfnes
gksbr vfNA ,dj fooj.k cxyd fp=es nsy xsy vfNA
112

lgt d`fkd izHkko %

lgt d`fk vksuk r vke rkSjij leLr ekuo leqnk; ysy eqnk d`kd ysy
isM+&ikS/kk vkvksj ikq&ikyues foksk :il ykHknk;d vfNA yksdd viu vuqHko ,oa
[kkstd izdkfkr ys[k dsj fdNq pquy mnkgj.k uhpk nsy xsy vfNA
1- Hkksxiqj xko gfj}kj % d`fkd ,d }hi %
ikou kgj gfj}kjd utnhd Hkksxiqj xkoes ,d lgt ;ksxh yxkrkj lgt ;ksx
fof/kl vlk/kkj.k d`fkd mRiknud dk;Z d jgy NfFkA okLro es iwjk xke gqud rjhdkds
viukSus NfFkA mPp [kk|kUud mRikndrkds nsf[kd vklikld {ks=ij lsgks uhd izHkko
iM+y vfNA lkx&lCth vkvksj pkjkd vkdkj ,oa xq.kokk vk ek=kes lsgks cgqr o`f) Hksy
vfNA Ms;jh nw/kd xq.kokk vkvksj ek=kes lsgks cgqr cslh lq/kkj ns[ky xsy vfNA Jh
txiky flag lgt d`fkd mi;ksx nw/k&mRiknud {ks=es lsgks ykxw d,us NfFkA ns[ky xsy
ts Ms;jh nw/kd xq.kokk vkvksj ek=kes vkkkrhr lq/kkj Hksy vfNA iwjk ftykes ,fg Ms;jh
QkeZds vf/kd kq)rk vkvksj xq.kokk ysy lEekfur d,y xsy vfNA
2- lgt d`fkd vusdks LFkkuij vH;kl %
iq.ks] ukfld egkjkV( t;iqj jktLFkku( y[kum] lgkjuiqj] gfj}kj] dkkhiqj
mkj iznsk( Hkqousoj vksfMkk( iyDdM dsjy( ikykewj fgekpy iznsk( gfj;k.kk( bUnkSj
e/; izns( tEew&dehj( fcgkj( vle( jkph >kj[k.M( eSlwj dukZVd( paMhx<+( xqaVwj
vkU/kz iznsk( tghjkckn] esnd rsykaxuk( usiky vkfn txgij lgt d`fkd dk;Z pfy jgy
vfNA
,dj vykok lgt d`fkd ldkjkRed izHkko yksdd lkekftd ,oa nSfud thouij
iM+Sr vfN tdj mYys[k uhpk nsy xsy vfNA
lgt ;ksx dsj lkekftd ykHk %
lgt ;ksx dsj euq;d kkfjfjd] ekufld] HkkoukRed ,oa vk/;kfRed thoud
izR;sd igywij ykHknk;d izHkko iM+Sr vfNA bZ ek= dYiuk ufg cfYd ,d vuqHko
vfNA ,fges dksuks tkfr] /keZ ,oa jkVh;rkd Hksn&Hkko ufg vfNA
lgt ;ksx dsj nSfud ykHk %
lgt ;ksxd vH;kll euq;d LokLF;es lq/kkj gksbr vfNA vkLFkek] n; jksx]
e/kqesg Mk;fcfVt] jDrpki] isV jksx] vfunzk] volkn fMizsku] fQV~l vkfn vusdks
ekufld jksxd mipkj lgt ;ksx fof/kl vklkuhl Bhd gsckes enfr feySr vfNA ,dj
vfrfjDr ftxj] dSalj vk fexhZ lu chekjhij lsgks ykHknk;d izHkko iM+Sr vfNA
lgt ;ksx }kjk Le`fr {kerk eseksjh ikojes lq/kkjd dkj.ks i<+kbes lsgks izxfr gksbr vfNA
yksx lkglh] vkRefooklh vk m|eh cfu tkbr NfFkA kkfUr] lUrksk vkvksj [kqkh lu
ykHk ,dj igpku vfNA
LokLF;d fok;es ije iwT; Jh ekrkthd fopkj %
jksxhd bykt djc cgqr vklku vfNA t gejk jksxd dkj.kd irk gks r ge vksfg
dsUnzd dq.Myuh kfDrd iksk.kl vksdj fuokj.k d ldSr NhA rnqijkUr euq; lUrqfyr
Hk tkbr NfFk vk tkfgl gqudj jksx lekIr Hk tkbr NfUgA vkvksj bZ lHk fdNq
vkp;Ztud <axl Hk tkbr vfNA
fpfdRlk&lEcU/kh izHkko %
okLroes loZO;kih dkWfLed tkZd euq;d vUnj fufgr f=dks.kkdkj ghd e/;
Hkkxes fLFkr es#naMd vfUre Nksjij vofLFkr dq.Myuh kfDrd feyul euq;d vUnj
lUrqyud voLFkk izkIr gksbr vfNA ifgus ijEijkxr :il Hkkjr o iwohZ; {ks=es gtkjks
lkyl ,dj vH;kl d,y xsy vfN eqnk ifgus ,dj izf;k cgqr dfBu ekuy tkbr NyA
113

lgt ;ksx ,oa foo fueZyk /keZd laLFkkfidk ije iwT;k Jh ekrkth fueZyk nsoh
euq;d ysy vUrfuZfgr fnO; bZojh; fo|qr pqEcdh; tkZd [kkst d,yfuA ,dj }kjk
izR;sd euq; vkRe&cks/k dq.Myuh tkxj.kd vuqHko izkIr djSr NfFkA ije iwT;k Jh
ekrkth fueZyk nsohth }kjk d,y [kkst ekuorkd ysy bZojd vkkhokZn ,oa ojnku vfNA
jksxij lgt ;ksxd izHkkod esfMdy vuqlU/kku fjlpZ %
euq;d jksxij lgt ;ksxd izHkkod esfMdy vuqlU/kku fjlpZ djckd ysy ysMh
gkfMZax esfMdy dkWyst] ubZ fnYyh vkvksj lqpsrk d`iykuh vLirkyd fQft;ksykWth
foHkkx }kjk dk;Z d,y xsy vfNA kks/kd ifj.kkel bZ irk ykxy vfN ts lgt ;ksxl
yksxd thoud xq.kokkes lsgks lq/kkj Hksy vfNA
lgt fof/k }kjk d`fkij vuqlU/kku fjlpZ %
egkjk.kk izrki d`fk ,oa izk|kSfxdh foofo|ky;] mn;iqj jktLFkku vkvksj jkgqjh
foofo|ky; egkjkVes d`fkd {ks=es ikvksy xsy ykHkij vuqlU/kku d,y xsy vfNA
ofjB vuqlU/kku oSKkfud yksdfu lQyrkiwoZd pSrfU;r cht] flpkbd ysy ikfu vkvksj
vU; lgt ;ksx fof/k }kjk uhd Qly izkIr gsckd iqfV d,us NfFkA lgt d`fk fof/kd
mi;ksx d,ykl isM+&ikS/kk ,oa [kk| mRiknues lkekU; fof/kd rqyukes vf/kd gksbr vfNA
lgdkjh nw/k mRiknd vkvksj foofo|ky; }kjk lgt ;ksxd ykHkd lEHkkoukd irk
yxsckd ysy O;kid kks/k d,y tk jgy vfNA
fudkZ %
gejk yksdfud nqfu;k /khjs&/khjs ,d egoiw.kZ nkSjl xqtfj jgy vfNA tyok;q
ifjokZud dkj.k lsgks ,d egoiw.kZ LFkku jk[kSNA t ,dj j[k&j[kko Bhd <axl ufg
d,y xsy r lEiw.kZ ekuorkd ysy bZ ,d nq[kn ?kVuk Hk ldSr vfNA
vkc gejk yxSr vfN ts lEHkor% vgk yksdfu ,fg vkfodkjdkkZd ckjses tkuckd
bPNk djSr g,cA vks dksuks vkvksj ufg cfYd lgt ;ksxd laLFkkfidk ije iwT;k Jh
ekrkth fueZyk nsohth NfFkA
fofHkUu xSj&ljdkjh laxBu %
Jh ekrkth fueZyk nsohth ifNyk 25 lkyes nqfu;kd ekuoh; dVds de djckd
ysy drsdks xSj&ljdkjh laxBud fuekZ.k d,yfu tkfgesl fdNq eq[; laxBud fooj.k
uhpk nsy xsy vfNA
1- lHk izdkjd jksxhd enfr djckd ysy ,d vUrjkZVh; vLirky ,oa vuqlU/kku dsUnz]
oklh uoh eqEcbd LFkkiuk d,y xsy vfNA ,r; nqfu;k Hkfjl yksx viu vlk/;
jksxd bykt ikcSd gsrq vcSr NfFkA nEek] jDrpki] fny ds nkSjk] dSalj] fexhZ lu
vlk/; jksxd byktes cgqr lQy vk ldkjkRed ifj.kke HksVy vfNA
2- kkL=h; laxhrds izksRlkgu nsck ysy eqEcbd utnhd oSrj.kkes ,d vUrjkZVh; laxhr
fo|ky;d LFkkiuk d,y xsy vfNA
3- fnYyhes xjhc] cslgkjk ,oa cs?kjyksdfud ysy ^fueZy izse* uked vkJed LFkkiuk d,y
xsy vfN tr; yksxds csgrj euq; cukc,d ysy vkJ; vk izfk{k.k nsy tkbr vfNA
lektes vktqd pqukSrh %
1- dh dkj.k fFkd ts Hkkjres ,rsd iS?k la[;kes d`kd yksdfu }kjk vkRegR;k d,y tk
jgy vfN\
2- [ksrhes jklk;fud lkexzhd iz;ksx fd;Sd vU/kk/kqU/k :is d,y tk jgy vfN\
3- nw/k mRiknu] v.Mk] ekml vkfnes izkd`frd LikZ fd;Sd ufg vfN\
4- fnu&izfrfnu Hkkstud xq.kokkes fxjkoV fd;Sd\
ksk i`B&85ij
114

vf/kokles fefFkyked nkk vks fnkkd izoh.k vfHkO;fDr % >kj[k.Mes eSfFkyh

MkW0 johUnz dqekj pkS/kjhd iksFkh ^>kj[k.Mes eSfFkyh*d leh{kk

& Jh fko dqekj >k ^fVYyw*

^>kj[k.Mes eSfFkyh* viu nsfly c;ukd ,dVk cgqpfpZr lkfgR;dkj MkW0 johUnz
dqekj pkS/kjh thd VVdk ifjp;kRed o`frfp= NfUgA rhu&pkfj c[kZd LoIu ts
yxHkx ,d ;qx 12 c[kZd lk/kukd ifj.kfr Lo:i fFkd] dksuks vupksdses ladfyr ufg
HksyA fd,d r lk/kdd lHkl vyx xq.k gksbN ^ijfgr l`tu kfDrd iz;ksx*] ts
lektds ,dVk iz[kj ewY;kadud volfj lsgks nSNA fefFkykd vkpjes clfugkjd lk/kuk
nwjxkeh btksr n nSN] eqnk izoklh viu nsl&dksll foyx Hk ekfVd lqxU/kds ilkjus&
ilkjus vksfg ekfVd lax foyhu Hk tkbNA nq[kd xIi r r[ku Hk tkbN t[ku vksfg
izokld yksd lsgks vfUre dky gqudk fclfj tkbr NfUgA
,fges eSfFky lektd izkaty ikBd ok oklhd dksuks nks[k ufg] izokles jgfugkjd
d`frRo dfri; >iys jfg tkbr NfUgA vksuk fdNq lk/kd viu lk/kukd jkl vfpZlds
txft;kj djckes lQy Hk tkbr NfFkA xn~xn Nh ts izks0 johUnz pkS/kjh izoklh >kj[k.Mh
eSfFkyd ysy ,dVk loZ= vk;ked Lo:i yd vk;y NfFk & ^>kj[k.Mes eSfFkyh*A ks[kj
izdkku] iVukl izdkfkr fgud bZ d`fr vewY; fuf/k izekf.kr gsrfuA
okZeku ifjizs{;es >kj[k.M jkT;es eSfFkyhds nkslj Hkkkkd :is ekU;rkd vkUnksyu
m}sfyr vfNA rU= lsgks opuc) vfNA ,djk lq[kn vkp;Z ekuy tk,A lafo/kkud vkBe
vuqlwphes lqjf{kr vk lajf{kr eSfFkyh viu x`g jkT;es misf{kr vfN] eqnk ge lHk >kj[k.Mes
ekU; Hkkkkd vkk /k;us NhA lHk fdNq ldkjy jgr r lQy lsgks gks;cA fLFkfrijd
ewY;kadul izekf.kr Hk jgy vfN ts ge lHk izoklh ufg Hkd vf/koklh Hk xsy NhA
jpukdkj vUrjkZVh; eSfFkyh ifjkn~d >kj[k.M iznskd egklfpo NfFk] rs fgud
vkidrkiw.kZ vkUnksyul vkfn laLd`frd laokgd >kj[k.Mes eSfFkyh nzkSinh ufg lqHknzk tdk
jf{kr jgrhgA nksljkd ysy l`tugkj cuckd ldkjkRed ifj.kke gksbN ts ltZd viu
d`frds fpjdkfyd cuk nSNA dksuks lkfgR;] dfork] dFkk] vkykspukd [kxrk ufg] eqnk
eapl ikNk Bk<+ ^mikly usiF;d dykdkj*ds yksd cwf>;ks d vufB;k nSr vfNA
vyH; izfrHkkd lEcyl leFkZ jpukdkj 288 i`Bd ,fg iksFkhes lexz >kj[k.Mes
oSnsghd lHk xksV lUrku pkgs vks dksuks fo/kkl tqM+y gksfFk] dsj vkfRed vk lVhd ppZ
d,us NfFkA dksuks lkfgfR;d ifjppkZ ok vkykspukes ge lHk lkfgR;dkj yksdfuds eksu r
j[kSr fN;fu eqnk fofo/k laLFkkd fuekZ.k d fefFkyk&eSfFkyh ysy lefiZr O;fDrRo lHkds
fclfj tkbr NhA ,fg iksFkhes dksuks&us&dksuks :is fefFkyk&eSfFkyhd izfr lefiZr vonkuh
lHkd iw.kZ ifjp; nsy xsy vfNA fofo/k eSfFkyh laLFkkd mn~Hko&fodkld lax&lax nkk vks
fnkkd Nk;kfp=d lax&lax vksdj rkjugkjd fp= lsgks nsy xsy vfNA lHkl izlUurkd
xIi vfN ts ,fg Hkw[k.Mes jgfugkj vksfg jktuhfrK vks lektlsohds jpukdkj lsgks eksu
jk[kyfUg ts eSfFky ufg jfgrgq eSfFkyhd fodkl ysy viu lg;ksx nsyfu ok nsckd
ftKklk izdV d,us NfFkA ,fges eq[;ea=h j?kqoj nkl] iwoZ fo/kkulHkk v/;{k vk okZeku
uxj fodkl ea=h lh0 ih0 flag] ea=h lj;w jk;] pfpZr jktuhfrK vk lkaln ih0 ,u0 flag]
lkaln fufkdkUr nwcs] >kj[k.M fo/kkulHkkes eSfFkyhes kiFk ysfugkj Je ea=h jkt ifyokj
lsgks ,fg iksFkhes lknj pfpZr Hksy NfFkA
eSfFkyh i=&if=dkd izpkj ek/;ed [kxrk] eSfFkyh lkfgR;es iksFkh miyC/krkd
vfu;ksftr fLFkfr vk ikBdd mnklhurkd ekns ,gu O;ofLFkr ladyu gsrq jpukdkjd
esgufrij tkSa /ksvku nsy tk, r[ku ,dj ewY;kadud ckV lsgks rF;ijd Hk tk,rA
115

ltZd iw.kZr% bZekud ikyu d;us NfFkA vkeq[kes ppZ djSr Hkkods LiV d nsyfu
ts vUrjkZVh; eSfFkyh ifjkn~ dsj eap }kjk fofo/k LFkkud Hkze.k gqud ,fg nkZuds uo
vk;ke nsydA ,fg lefiZr eSfFkyh laLFkkds fg;kl lkHkkj nsy tk,A ,fg ifjizs{;es
fopkj.kh; ts volfj cgqr jklds HksVSr NfUg] eqnk n`;ds nkZu cu;ckd dyk lsgks
vko;d gksbNA tsuk ge lHk fuR; viu vaxkd cqe yxcSr Nh] eqnk tkSa fd;ks vupksdses
iqNfFk ts vksdj la[;k drsd vfN] r xqedh LokHkkfodA ts ,fg lw{e v{kksi rF;
fnl /;ku nsr] o,g us Hkjr dgkvksrA d`.k r Bke&Bke py&vpy :ies eSfFkyd
vax&izR;axes fo|eku NfFk] vko;drk vfN r y{; fnl rkdoyk Hkjrds gsjy
tk,A ,fg iksFkhd ltZd Hkjr vk d`.k nquwd :ies mifLFkr Hksy NfFkA
,[ku /kfj v/;;u vk lekykspukd ees cgqr jkl vku iksFkh lHkes leiZ.kij
gej /ksvku xsy vfN] eqnk ,fg Bke r vkj vfojy xqnxqnh yxSNA cslh iksFkhes jpukdkj
viu ifjokjd JsB] izsjd xq# ok lEcU/kh yksdfuds iksFkh vfiZr djSr NfFk] eqnk johUnz
Hkkb ,fg iksFkhds >kj[k.M vkUnksyud ifgyqd kghn ^lnkuUn >k*ds vfiZr d,us NfFk]
ftudkl fgud dksuks lEcU/k ufg jgy NfUgA lax&lax ,fg pkpjes jgfugkj eSfFkyl
yd fefFkykd vkpjes [ksykbr eSfFkyesl cgqr dEes yksdds bZ cw>y gsrfu ts ^>kj[k.M
jkT;*d fuekZ.kes ifgyqd kksf.kr gejs viu eSfFky csVkd ykxy vfNA d[kugq&d[kugq
,fg Bked ewyoklh gejk lHkd nkf;Roij izufp Bk<+ djSr NfFk] gqudk ysy bZ lansk
^xjkfu* ufg r vkj dh\
vkB v/;k;es foHkDr ,fg iksFkhd ifgyqd v/;k; ^>kj[k.Mes eSfFky* khkZd ysy
lefiZr Hksy vfNA lfjigq ,fges jpukdkjd cgqr jkl ilsukd lqokflr xU/k lkuy NfUg]
dkj.k lqdeZd ifj.kke d[kugq nqxZU/k ufg NksM+SNA larky ijxukes larky yksdfu 1790l
1810 bZ0es clykg] eqnk ,fgl iwoZfg fefFkykd fkoksikld yksdfud mifLFkfr ,fg ftykes
HksVSNA ,fgl izekf.kr gksbN ts ,fg jkT;d ewy dksf[kd mRikn gejks l[kk yksdfu NfFkA
>kj[k.Mes eSfFkyhHkkkhd /kjksgfj :ies ^fo|kifr ifjkn~*] flUnjhd fo|kifr Hkoul yd
teksniqjd ^fo|kifr ifjlj* /kfj yxHkx 20 xksV HkO; Hkou ^fo|kifr&lygsl*d xku d
jgy NfFkA
>kj[k.Mes eSfFkyh&lsoh laLFkkes ^>kj[k.M fefFkyk eap*] jkph( ^fefFkyk lkaLd`frd
ifjkn~*] cksdkjks( ^fo|kifr ifjkn~*] flUnjh( ^fo|kifr lfefr*] /kuckn( ^fefFkyk lkaLd`frd
ifjkn~*] teksniqj lu lf; laLFkkd lax&lax vYi lf;] fuf; vkfn feykd yxHkx
60 xksV laLFkkd ppZ ,fg iksFkhes d,y xsy vfNA
04 uoEcj] 1979 bZ0es ifgy csj iVukes vk;ksftr eSfFkyhHkkkhd ,sfrgkfld tqywld
usr`Ro iwoZ ouea=h vks gwy >kj[k.M nyd usrk tfLVu fjpMZ dsus Nykg vk gqudfg usr`Roes
jkT;ikyds eSfFkyh lEcU/kh ekax i= nsy xsy NyA ,fges fefFkykd lEiw.kZ fodkld ysy
fjpMZ eq[; :is ^fefFkyk fodkl izkf/kdj.k*d ekax jkT;ikyl dsus jgfFkA lkfgcxat dkWyst]
lkfgcxates eSfFkyhd i<+kSuh Lukrd Lrj /kfj izkjEHk dj;ckd ekax vkWy bafM;k >kj[k.Md
LVwMsUV ;wfu;u }kjk Hksy NyA jkT;d ,l0ih0 dkWyst] nqedkes eSfFkyhd i<+kb 1961 bZ0es
vkjEHk HksyA rRipkr~ nso?kj dkWystes 1967l] lkfgcxat dkWystes 1970l] jkph
foofo|ky;es 1982l vk dksYgku foofo|ky;es 2009l eSfFkyhd i<+kb Lukrd Lrj /kfj
izkjEHk HksyA ,rn~fjDr mPprj ek/;fed fo|ky;es 27 eSfFkyhd fk{kd dk;Zjr
NfFkA ,gu&,gu cgqr jkl >kiy lR;l ikBdds ifjp; dj;ckd iz;klds mfpr ekuy
tk,A iksFkh fufpr :il >kj[k.Mh eSfFkyhd lax&lax vku {ks=d vonkuh] vfHk;kuh]
lkfgR;dkj] dykdkj] hM+kdehZ eSfFkyes ^LoHkwfe* ysy vuqxzg vo; l`tu djrA
ksk i`B&110ij
116

+ dohoj pUnk >k d`r ^okrkoku*

Jhd`.ka p fkoa lkEca ?kulkjfRoka dfo%A
Jh pUnz% izf.kiR;knkS okrkokua ruksR;n%AA
d
dy dkSly cd dVdk tk;A
dVgj ij cSly lq[k ik;AA
Lokxr deykeZ d`r HksyA
dcb ekN cd Vi n; ysyAA
deyk ty fimyfu Hkfj iks[kA
dM+fjd ij flrqvk pks[kAA
[k
[k[kfl xsy cd [kjdk xkeA
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x
xefg xeSy tk; cd cw<+A
xkN xEHkkfj mij vk:<+AA
xuifr lkSa Lokxr O;ogkjA
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cd
xsykgA
LoLFk ?kekSM+h pf<+ HksykgAA
?kj Hkfj lkSa Lokxr Hky ik;A
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?k?kjh ty fifc eu mRlkgA
?kjfgd Hksfn;k yadk MkgAA
p
pfy cd xsyk pukSjk t[kuA
pEik pkuu cSlyk r[kuAA
vfoLFkku pweu >k dSyA
psYgck ekN r[ku cd /kSyAA
pUnzHkxk ty fifc m|ksrA
pksj lgfFk dh drgq btksrAA
N

pUnz&jpukoyh l lkHkkj
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t
tk; txriqj tkeqd xkNA
cSlyk cd fxfM+ tklj ekNAA
vfoLFkku dj txuh kEeZA
thcN ty fimyfu cM+ /kEeZAA
miyPNu Hky rr; izdklA
txyk iq#kd drS fouklAA
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>V n; tk; >efVvk xkeA
>kSvk mij d;y fcljkeAA
vfoLFkku dj >ksVh ukeA
cddk f>axk HksVy rfgBkeAA
miyPNu lalkjfg QSyA
f>Vdh lkSa QqfV tkbN ?kSyAA
V
VHkdk VkHk mij fcljkeA
vknjdkjd Vsdu ukeAA
Vksl unh ty fimyfu tk;A
VVdk Vsxjk Vi nS [kk;AA
miyPNu Hky rrS lquk;A
fVVgh Vsdy ioZr tk;AA
B
Bkgj es BfM+;k ij cklA
Lokxr BhBj keZ izdklAA
Bgjh ty fifc Bdqjk [kk;A
BBsfj BBsfjdk ufg cnyk;AA
M
Mejh xk es Mefjd xkNA
cSld cd fxfM+ Ms<+ok ekNAA
Mkseu vfoLFkku dj /khjA
cd fimyfu xe Mkmfl uhjAA
miyPNu vfN dr; us ?kksyA
Mksdkdk eqg Qwty cksyAA
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<fBvk es <ks<+h ij tk;A
cSlyk <ksxy iSj /kksvk;AA

Ny lk* Nfroku Nfrou xkNA

<yksb ekN [k;yfu cd vkfuA

cSfl [kk; Nfg uked ekNAA

Nhru keZ dSy lEekuA
NqrgfM+ unh e/; tyikuAA

<ksy leqnzd fimyfu ikfuAA

<ksM+d FkSy \ <ks<+ fck FkksjA
dj QqQdkj Qukdk tksjAA
117

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refd rjkSuh igqpy xkeA
rkjd mij d;y fcljkeAA
rhFkZnUr lkSa cM+ luekuA
ufn frj;qxk tk; tyikuAA
miyPNu vfN tu dgckdA
fru frjgqfrvk rsjg ikdAA
Fk
Fkydeyd ij d; cblkM+A
xzke fofnr tr Hky FkyokM+AA
FkksFku djfFk rgk foLFkkuA
Fkygh ufn cd dj tyikuAA
Fkjdk Hkkstu cd djbZNA
Fkkdy uVqvk f>Vdh chNAA
n
nl fnl ?kqfe cd xsyk nkFkA
cSly nknq gjfn r# ekFkAA
nhucU/kq
vknj dSfugkjA
njgh dk cd dj lagkjAA
nscgk ufn tyiku fcgkjA
nqcjfg ekjfFk lkg enkjAA
/k
/kkok r# ij xke /kjkSjA
/kseqM+k ufn ty fifc Hksy HkksjAA
/kuifr >k ysy iSj i[kkfjA
/kksyh ekN [kkfFk cd gkfjAA
miyPNu tku;
lalkjA
/kfudd cqfM+cd fko vorkjAA
u
ufg ufg dfg cd ukgj tk;A
cSlyk ujdfV fuedk ik;AA
uksu ueZnk ty Hky HksVA
u;u ekN lkSa Hkjyfu isVAA
vfoLFkku dj uud~ cslA
uS nkSfM+ pyc uS ykxr BslAA
i
ijtqvkfj ikdfM+ Hky MkfjA
cd dr cSlyk ikf[k ilkfjAA
in~eukFk cM+ vknj djfFkA
vfr izp.M cd iksBh /kjfFkAA
in~ek ty fifc lq[k eu HkjyA
ikdy tc es ikFkj iM+yAA
Q

Qqydkgh Qjgn ij cklA

vfoLFkku dj Qkspu nklAA
Qksdpk ekN [kk; rfg nslA
Qyxw ikfu fimy cd cslAA
miyPNu vkuUn lUnksgA
QqVy cklu laxfr tksgAA
c
clgk ek[kuiqj cd t[kuA
igqpy cM+ pf<+ cSly r[kuAA
vfoLFkku dj cpdqu keZA
ckeh ekNd Hkkstd deZAA
unh fciklk ty fic rstA
cj cqfM+cd ds ysr ngstAA
Hk
Hkzfer gksbr cd xsy HkjkeA
Hksyk ij HkSdj foJkeAA
HkDr Hkjkslh dj laekuA
Hkhek unh fcey tyikuAA
HkkX;oku cd Hkkdqj [kk;A
HkkX;okudk Hkwr dek;AA
e
efuvkjh es eksgqd MkfjA
cSly cd lc fnkk fugkfjAA
eueksgu vknj es n{kA
cd ikvksy Hky eksfnuh Hk{kAA
ty fio eUnkfduh izokgA
ekxS tkb rk* VkxS pkgAA
;
;ele xke ;okbfu ik;A
;nquUnu vknj dj tk;AA
;ksxykfuy uked Ny ehuA
;equk ty fic rrS uohuAA
tSg tSg jksxhdk HkkoA
lSg lSg oSnks QjekoAA
j
jfgdk jkgfM+ pfy cd jgyA
jekukFk dSyfu Hky VgyAA
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jksgq [kk; cd Hksy fclkyA
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y
yyfd Qyfd cd yksguk tkfFkA
118

yiph ekN yifd rr [kkfFkAA

i;j /kks;d nsyfu f}tykyA
cSly Nyk yrke fokkyAA
yycsaxk ty fifc Hkfj NkdA
ykBh gkFkS jkmr csckdAA
k
fkafxvu xke fkej ij cklA
kksHkukFk vknj ijdklAA
fkaxh ekN [kkfFk cd o`)A
kks.kd ty fifc Hksy izfl)AA
miyPNu Hky nsy lquk;A
khjk ck/ky HkkB lq[kk;AA
k
kM+qvk es kM+gh ij cklA
kM+ njgh cd d;yfu xzklAA
fimyfu ty Hky kuqvk /kkjA
kM+kuUn d;yfu O;ogkjAA
ftryfu ehuklu lkS nA
kqVk cy lkSa iM+: dwnAA
l
lq[k lkSa cd xsyk lglkSfyA
cSlyk x; r# lM+jd ekSfyAA
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lkSjk ekN [kkfFk vfHkjkeAA
fimyfu fueZy lj;w rks;A
laxfg jg cqf/kd; y; gks;AA
g
gjfkr cd gfjuxj fuoklA
gjQk ij lq[k ckl foyklAA
gjh kEeZ vknj dr djfFkA
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miyPNu
tkuS lalkjA
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{k
{k{kk xzke {kksgkM+k cSflA
{khjksnf/k ty fimyfu iSflAA
vfoLFkku dj f}t f{kfrikyA
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f{kfr ls /kqe fQj cd eu jksM+kA
{ksfj lu ewg eqlj lu iksM+kAA
{kqnz yrh vknj dj HkejA
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Jh fou; dqekj >kd dfork

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rkfg e/; vorfjr Hksygq] y, fLuX/k lq/kk dfopUnzAA
lu~ vkjg l; ,drhld] lky jg, vfr ikouA
mfnr Hksy fefFkykd f{kfrt es] iw.kZpUnz euHkkouAA
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if.Mr Hkksyk >kd dqVh es] Hksy iefj;k ukpA
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lfg ufg ldy Hkkj fiaMk:N] gk Ny dsgu vHkkxyA

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119

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vuqoknd lks>jk;y gkFk l] rdjk vgk mckjyAA

izks0 MkW0 bUnz dkUr >kd

pkfj xksV dfork

fdUrq ,[ku r loZJsB dsj] ppkZ vfN, kskA

fefFkyk Hkkkk jkek;.k l] mid`r fefFkyk nskAA

1- fnO;katfy&1
ge tr; drgq jgS Nh
ykxS, rw eu eksj gjus Ns
ge thou loZLo viu
rksj pj.kes viZ.k d,us Nh
viZ.k lq[k ufg HksVS,
O;kdqyrk c<+ys tkb,
rS;ks eues vkuUn HksVS,A

fo|kifrd dkO;lfjrk es] mHk&pqHk dj; lektA

eSfFkyhd dkO;kuu es] ukpfFk uVoj&uVjktAA
rS[ku nsygq vgk fefFkyk ds] jkedkO; migkjA
eSfFkyhd rqylh viusd gks] kr&kr t;&t;dkjAA

izxfr iz;ksx nquw oknd Nh] vlyh vgha iz.ksrkA

dgrk vokZphu eSfFkyhd] lHk vktqd v/;srkAA

xhr trsd rksj eqgl lquus Nh

lHk xhr xkfcds lqucS Nh
tsuk yxS, rw Hkje tkyes QlcS Ns
ge Hkzfer Hk, ts xkcS Nh
ls rksjk us eueksgd NkS
us txds lq[knk;d NS
us rksgj pj.k&jt ikcS Nh
HkVdS Nh vx&txes
rS;ks eues vkuUn HksVS,A

cksyh Vk dgck; eSfFkyh] cSly jgfFk vUgkjA

lkfgfR;d Hkkkkd izfrBk] n, d,ygq m)kjAA
jkT;kfJr jfgrgq vius] dfo/keZ dnkfi us R;kxyA

lkekftd oSkE;d lHk Vk] [ksabpk vgk mrkjyAA

HkkkkkkL=d vks>jkgfV es] Qfl;s d jfg tSrfFkA
ufga ifcrfFk lg;ksx fxz;lZu] r Qqfl, vkSuSrfFkAA

dkjh&dkjh es?kd chp

lw;Z fdj.kes rksjk ns[kS Nh
vkf[k eqfuds rkdS Nh
rksj :i us nsf[k ikcS Nh
tsuk yxS, xxu fnl rw mM+S Ns
ge vkdkk ekxZes HkVdS Nh
rw iqPNyrkjk cfu vouhij fxjS Ns
ge rksjk nsf[k us ikcS Nh
rS;ks eues vkuUn HksVS,A

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^liugq ,d Vdk ufg ysc*d] opu vku ds nsr\

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2- fnO;katfy&2
?kksj frfej iljy,
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i,j c<+y tkb, vius
vius lqjes xhr xcS,
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ls us vks tkuS,
ykxS, dsvks lax pyS,
tdjk vkgVes ts Loj NS
ls txds upcS,
Hkko viu vks ukpses ns[kcS,
120

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ukp&ukpes vUrj ns[kcS,
vUr;kZeh lu ykxS,
ukp nsf[k dsvks us vksfguk ukpS,
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euu&fpUru d d,
viu ukp ns[kkcS,
vkuUn HksVS, lHkds
fnO;&Kku dsj okkZ gksb,
dsvks us vksfges HkhtS,
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ts tkuS, vks txds pycS,
pykSfugkjds lHk [kkstS,A

izse dgyd izsehl

dh rw f=xq.k ijh{k.k d,ys
ufg d,ys r lqu eksj ckr &
ifgy dlkSVh fFkd lR;
dh rw tkuS Ns vks lR; ckr NS\
nkslj dlkSVh fFkd
dh vks uhd ckr NS
dh rw tkuS Ns\
rslj dlkSVh fFkd
dh vks mi;ksxh NS
gejk y, dh vudk ysyA
izseh dgyd ge us tkuS Nh
rksj dgy ckr lHk ts lquygq
rksjk lqucS y, O;kdqy Nh
O;kdqyrkds kkUr d, ifgus
rw f=xq.k ijh{k.kl xqtfjd ns[k
r[ku rw ddjks lquy&lquk,y
ckr gejk vk vudk dfggsA

3- izse xhrkatfy& 1
izseh dgyd izsel
ge vkdqy&O;kdqy Nygq
,d l[kh eksj lkl xuS Nfy
nkslj e;wjd ia[kk >syS Nfy
rslj deyny nsgij jk[kS Nfy
r[ku fd,d us v,ys
vkdqyrkes uksj lq[kk xsy
rksj fcuq nq[k&nnZ lgS dsj
eksj fg;es {kerk Hk, xsy
r[ku fd,d rw vkcS Ns
dh rw gej osnukds ukiS&tks[kS y,
dh ihM+kds eksu ikM+S y,
dh tjy ?kkoij uksu fNjdS y,
ge vrhrds fclfj d,
Hkfo;d ekxZ cukcSes
lfn[ku mTToy&fueZy
eul ykxy Nh
fefFkykd iku&e[kku
nsk&fonskes igqpkcS Nh
bPNk vfN ukeh&xkeh
O;kikjh cfu fefFkykd
Ekku O;kikj txres
loksZPp fk[kjij igqpkchA

Jh lat; Bkdqjd dfork

eksu dsj feBkl
pUnzekd khry T;ksRLuk es
liukd rku&cku cquus
uhykHk O;kse dsj dksj es
lqUnj lu okfVdk clkSus
fnok&LoIu Mwcy
iqydkc; eksu dsj feBkl
lty&lejy thoud vklA
kjnd pUnzekd khry izdkk es
jtuhxa/kkd enekry lqokl es
vx&tx >wfe jgy uhjo lu jkfr es
fu;fr ,drkj Hksy fgekakqd cjlkr es
irk us dr Nh] ds vfN eu&xkr es
/kM+dS, Nkrh] ds vfN NsM+y bZ gkl
lty&lejy thoud vklA

4- izse xhrkatfy& 2
izseh dgyd izsel
rksj fe=d fok;es dh&dh us lquygq
lquc; pkgS Nh rksjkA
121

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MkW0 eerk >kd xhr

1
lksu tdk /kjrh NS pkuhd vEcj NSA
vkf[k gvq, r bZ /kjrh cM+ lqUnj NSAA
vke yrke vjusek rkj [ktwj vukjA
nwj&nwj /kfj xkNh&fcjNh gfj;j NSAA
csyk xsuk twgh pesyh vkj xqykcA
jax&fcjaxd Qwy lc mTtj&fi;j NSAA
/kkud [ksrh nsf[k ds eksu xnxn gksb,A
bZ n`; cq>w ts LoxZgq l lqUnj NSAA
ns[kw r eksu gksb, lfn[ku nsf[krs jghA
bZ xgwe uf [ksr es lksuk ts pedS NSAA
xaxk ;equk deyk dkslh vkj ckxerhA
ve`r dsj /kkj ns[kw /kjrh ij cgS NSAA
izkd`frd lkSUn;Z ds eksu es Hkfj fyvA
[kqkh drgq ckgj uf eksud Hkhrj NSAA
lqXxk eSuk cqycqy vk dksbyh ds ns[kwA
dkjh dkSvk ijck vk cxqyk mTtj NSAA
usuk&HkqVdk t[ku bldqy i<+ tkb,A
n`; ,gu eueksgd dh vkj nkslj NS\

2
,fg vfHkkki ds nwj HkxkmA
ngst&eqDr fefFkyk cukmAA
ngst Hkh[k vfN lSg crkmA
iwjc&ifPNe trfg tkmAA
ngstd ikb fk{kk es yxkmA
csVh ds LokoyEch cukmAA
ngst uS nsc ls eksu cukmA
ngst uS ysc ls fdfj;k [kkmAA
csVhoyk ifgus vkxk vkmA
csVh ds ?kjd xkSjo cukmAA
csVh nsf[k ds uS >ekmA
csVh gqv, r [kqkh eukmAA
fefFkyk LoxZ leku cukmA
fyv&fnv dsj ckr gVkmAA

?kqfj vkm viuk xko

?kqfj vkm viuk xko
dUgS;k] ?kqfj vkm viuk xkoA
e/kqou&iu?kV lqUu iM+y vfg
Xoky&cky vfg Bko
jk/kk fojfg.kh ckV rdS NfFk
lq[ky dnEcd Nko
dUgS;k] ?kqfj vkm viuk xko
lkofj;k] ?kqfj vkm viuk xkoA
cztckykds dh fl[kkSrk
/kks izsed nko
uksjfg xksih fuifFk ldkjs
xk; xkscj dsj Bko
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flusfg;k] ?kqfj vkm viuk xkoA
nw/k&ngh&?kh&ek[ku vxcs
dksu fc/k mnj lek
gs gfj] ek/ko vkcks lqfu;kS
lqejh fur fnu uk
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eucfl;k] ?kqfj vkm viuk xkoA
^eerk&Hkksyh* Hkksjs #lyfu
dh gksjh fcuq Hkkx\
jax&xqyky csjax iM+y vfg
dh jk/kk fcuq ;ke\
dUgS;k] ?kqfj vkm viuk xko
;kS jfl;k] ?kqfj vkm viuk xkoA

122

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dadjhVd djst ij VV?kj

lkeusd dksBjh es iRuhd ysy

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nkslj fnl x`gLFkhd lkeku
ckgj Hkulk?kj vk cSlkj
vkxk nqcxyh dejkd drkj

clfch lkQ gksv, ykxy

csVk dgyfFku
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iwrd mn~xkj nsf[k
izlUu gksbr NfFk firk
vk
nf{k.kknk;h
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Hk tkbr NfFk
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dkUg ij yknus
xedkSvk drjuh pkmj
vk feBkUu
vxgues ?kqjSr NfFk xke

eqg l cgjkbr NfUg

^ckm] vgk lHk Nh ijnslh
gejk nw thod ysy
,rsd iS?k vkokl
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QwySr jgr lkl*
iq= dgyfFku &
^fpfUrr tqfu gksm
lkeusd fgLlk NksfM+
HkkM+k ij
mfB t;rSd edku
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Hk tk;r funku*

Mhg ij cgqrYyk edku nsf[k

gksbr NfFk vpfEHkr
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xsV Nwfc Hkxoku ds
djSr NfFk ueu

firk Hksykg mf}Xu

izd`fr&foghu
lqfo/kkiw.kZ thou
Mhgd ekfyd ij
edkud j[kckjhd cU/ku
okkZrikhrd izdksi lfgrgq
lquSr jgh xkN&o`{kd lu&lu
fpM+S&pquequhd dyjo
ns[kSr jgh vdkld cnySr jax
nwfHkd uksad ij
fVdy vksld d.k

ekFk ij vkpj nSr

lh<+h l mrjSr NfFkUg x`fg.kh
csVk&iqrksgq] f/kvk&iqrk
Nwvbr Nfu pj.k
/kksvy xsyfu iugh
Qksfy i,j
xn~xn~ firk
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djbr NfFk
nso&firjd Lej.k

iq= ds dgyfFku &

^vgkd bZ dadjhVh fuekZ.k
gejk dSyd vkykfnr
eqnk lkeusd [kfy;k tehu ij
cuck fnv ,d Vk
VV?kjok cSlkj
lk>&fHkulj izd`fr l
gksbr jgr laoknA

cjaMkd ifgyfg dksBjhes

yxkvksy xsy jgfu
gqud [kkV
,d fnl Vscqy&dqlhZ
O;ofLFkr
nkslj fnl NksV pkSdh
dj ysy iwtk&ikB
123

Jh kkjnkuUn nkl ^ifjey*d rhu xksV dfork

1- iFk HkzV Hksy dh ikol\
vfN iFk HkzV Hksy dh ikol\
?kqefM+ clUrd vkxu okfjn
?kksj epkSyd vfN jM+/kqelA
dh iFk HkzV Hksy vfN ikol\
eqfM+vkjh n, lgVfr dkrs&dkr
e/kqfjrqd rrck Hky Ny
dh fcMEcuk Hksy izd`fres
vle; ?ku ikol cfu meM+y
dh ufga psr jgy ts gks;r
Hkzfer iFkhds dh ;k&vi;k
dh iFk HkzV Hksy vfN ikol\
nkslj ckr ts ?kqfl vkud vkxu
us ,uk ?keykSM+ epkch
ddjks vkuUnksRloes
fcuq ctkSy tk xhr lqukch
fcuq ctkSy x,us xqf.k;ksds
HksfV ld, ufg lgtfga pkcl
dh iFk HkzV Hksy vfN ikol\
izd`fr Lo;e~ viuk lqfo/kkl
d,y lqfufpr vfN kqHk volj
fjrqd ysy fjtq ,d pes
vuqel lkyd vH;Urj
dh ufga fnXHkze fFkd ;fn iqfued
vkxu ?ksj, igqfp vekol\
dh iFk HkzV Hksy vfN ikol\
dh vkp;Z ;fn bUnzks
,d dksBhd /kku nksljes <kjfFk
i`Fohij ckSf)d mn.Mrk
yf[k d ijEijkds VkjfFk
izd`fr vvksj ekuod chpes
<k<l dFkh lkgl&nqLLkkgl
dh iFk HkzV Hksy vfN ikol\
dh ufga Kkr fu;Urkds ts
izd`frd xfres g,r vlUrqyu

fjrqifr dsj vkxues ikolds

izkI; us vfN mi;qDr Lrou
Qkxques ?ku l?ku tkSa cfjlr
gks;r lkvksu&Hkknc rkil
dh iFk HkzV Hksy vfN ikol\
nsy xsy vfN lkbr psrkSuh
ekuods ,fg vfre.kl
nqifj.kke fodV Hk, ldbN
izd`frd d,us mYya?kul
iz{ksfir uHk chp mixzg
ctz ln`k cfu ldbN jkdl
dh iFk HkzV Hksy vfN ikol\
dkyks viu fodkyd iUuk
t[ku&r[ku iyVSN ,uk dh\
dsgu izfrf;k gksbN izd`fres
ysck ysy rdj fdNq >kdh
j[kck ysy lpsV izxfrds
fjrq foijhr [ksy Nh jktl
dh iFk HkzV Hksy vfN ikol\
gksjhes cjtksjh jkxd
pyu vk,y vfN ijEijkl
fjrqifr dsj vkxues ,gu
fdNq Hk, tkbN ;kSoud Rojkl
mRk`a[kyrkes ,fg rjgd r
jax vf/kd icbr vfN HkkHkl
dh iFk HkzV Hksy vfN ikol\

2- ufg dFkefi ykpkj fpjS;k

;qfDr l viu mBk, pksap es]
[kfjdk dj, tksxkj fpjS;kA
jfgrgq ruqru ufg ?kj&vkxu]
gksbr u vfN ykpkj fpjS;kAA
y?kq&y?kq r`.kd.k pqfu&pqfu vuFkd]
viuk cqrs iz;kl jgS,A
fodV ifjfLFkfr;ks es ftthfokk]
dsj ufga gksc; gzkl vks nS,AA
124

lqj es uhM+ fuekZ.kd [kkfrj]

Je djSN ufp rkrk&FkS;kA
gksbr u vfN ykpkj fpjS;kAA

mrfj fulxZd okrk;ul]

ilfj jgy ts lqjfHk c;kjA
vkuu&vkuues vk psrues]
djr lqjfHk&yFk lq[k lapkjAA

j[kbr vfN vkksk u dksuks]

ddjks izfr dfj drgq fldkbfrA
djfr vfdapu ru l lk/kuk]
/kkfj lkl es fut vts; /k`frAA
gksbN fujkl u d[kuks lks>k]
fujf[k Bk<+ cfu fo?u leS;kA
gksbr u vfN ykpkj fpjS;kAA

ekr`&eSfFkyhd t;&;k=kes]
vfHkoknud mBfr fgydksjA
izk.k&izk.kes iqyd&izLiUnu]
Hkjbr fuflfnu py, vFkksjAA
lj&dqVqEc lax iqj&ifjtu lHk]
tqfM+ leosr mBkSus gkFkA
pyfFk izkFkZukes gfj&gj dsj]
eSfFkyhd mUur dfj ekFkAA

ftuxh thck dsj e;kZnk]

gfkZr jkf[k la?kkZ djS,A
y?kqre ftuxhd Hkhk.k j.k es]
izk.kd fpj mRdkZ HkjS,AA
y?kq jfgrgq bZ viu dkt y,]
gksbN cgqr cqf/k;kj fpjS;kA
LQwfrZr vkyki fodkyks]
es y, xcSN xhr xcS;kAA

gks Hkkkk&lkfgR;&laLd`frd]
dj&in&lqj&lapfjr le`)A
nSufUnu thoues yksd dsj]
HkkoksPN~okld xfjek fl)AA

ikfc ldSr vfN rqax fxfjojks]

ufga xfjek ,guk mYykldA

deyk&dkslh] xaxk&xaMd]
ckxerh dsj mrfj dNsjA
igqfp fogxny nwj nskl]
r`fIr y, ?kqfj&?kqfj vkcfFk QsjAA

ts pquequ y?kq fpM+b icSr vfN]

ftuxhd xhr es Hkfj&Hkfj HkkldAA

fucZy dsj cy jke vfLerk]

lHkd ,gu vfN jpus jpS;kA
gksbr u vfN ykpkj fpjS;kAA

pyfr dYil dYikUrj /kfj]

fo|kifr dsj xhr&forkuA
>ad`r djfr vofu&vEcjes]
e`nq LikZ Hkfj yksdd izk.kAA

jfgrgq /kjrh ij vEcj ds]

uick dsj fookl j[kS,A
[kx vk fogaxd ukel vfHkfgr]
uHk es Hkjbr Hkkl mM+S,AA
ruqd ikf[k ij uHk larj.kd]
/kkj.ks xq#rj Hkkj fpjS;kA
ufg dFkefi ykpkj fpjS;kAA

vuqjaftr ^ifjey* izlkjl]

fufk&oklj ioud okrklA
vfHkufUnr vkuUn&NUnes]
jg, lrr yksdd mPN~oklAA
t; fefFkyk] t; eSfFkyhd]
Lou djbr psru jg, iquhrA
foo&eap ij eSfFkyhd Nfo]
ek/kq;Zd vfHkuo vfHkuhrAA

3- uo okZ vfHkuUnu
nqb gtkj iUnzge okZ bZ]
gkZd Hkjbr rqeqy fuuknA
ilj, pgqfnl ?kj&vkxues]
nSr izxfr fgr lqf/k&lEoknAA
125

Jh cqf)ukFk >kd dfork

Jh y{e.k >k ^lkxj*d nksgk

Jh dSykkd ckV NS

& ,d &

Hkus tkbr Nh fefFkyk nd] rhjFk ?kkVs&?kkV NSA

gs ;m cVksgh ,gh ckVs] Jh dSykkd ckV NSAA
1
nf{k.k&mkj xax&fgeky;] vk nquw ds chpA
ifPNe NwVy Hkkstiqj r] cw>w fefFkyk fFkdAA
vgh ek> n iwcs&iwcs] iwc Nksj ij tk;cA
tS[ku NwVr fefFkyk vgk] Hkwfe cax ds ik;cAA
flfDde ds lhek ukFkwyk] Qksyy phu dikV NSA
gs ;m cVksgh ,gh ckVs] Jh dSykkd ckV NSAA
2
rhjs&rhjs
;K Hksy]
bZ rhjHkqfDr dgcS,A
ukjh vkvksj iq#k ds iwN;] lwxk osn i<+S,AA
tUeHkwfe fFkd tud&tkudhd] /kkud] foKkud /kkeA
tke&yrke] vke ds xkNh] xt&xt xkes&xkeAA
foocU/kq ,fg iq.; Hkwfeij] dh izd`fr dsj BkB NSA
gs ;m cVksgh ,gh ckVs] Jh dSykkd ckV NSAA
3
e.Mu&yNehukFk vgk ds] vgh ekfV ij HksVrkA
Fkkg kadjkpk;Z us ikcfFk] dFkk Hkkjrhd dgrkAA
csfj&csfj Jh cS|ukFk] xkSjh dSykkgq rstyA
mxuk cfu Jh mxzukFk] dfo fo|kifr ds lsoyAA
okd~ kkjnk dsj ix&ixij] ,gh Hkwfeij okl NSA
gs ;m cVksgh ,gh ckVs] Jh dSykkd ckV NSAA
4
Jh dSykk vk eku ljksoj] ckck ds jkt/kkuhA
lM+dd iFk lks>s igkM+ ij] HksVrk vkS<jnkuhAA
uxifr inry nf{k.k [ky[ky] yNeh Qwty dskA
dydy lfjrk dkskh&deyk] /ku&/ku viu nskAA
fe= ysy dqlqfer dkuu fFkd] k=qd ysy lekB NSA
gs ;m cVksgh ,gh ckVs] Jh dSykkd ckV NSAA

126

lqD[kd fnu cM+ FkksM+]

eqnk] nqD[kd fnu igkM+A
vudj ns[klh tqfu djh]
lHkVk
deZ
dikjAA

& nw &
viuk gkFk es fdNq Vk ufg]
lc fc/kuk dsj ek;kA
dky nak l ufg ?kcjkch]
tk/kfj
gqudj
Nk;kAA

& rhu &

feljh ?kksjy cksy l]
nqxZe
dkt
vlkuA
pqh p<+ck pf<+;s tk;r]
drcks
p
epkuAA

& pkfj &

tkfr&/keZ fFkd vki#ih]
:i&jax Hkxokud nsuA
bZ;kZ&}sk&?k`.kk fFkd ekgqj]
tfguk ykkd eqgd QsuAA

& ikp &

QqVgk Qkfd ts xqtj dsyd]
vkb Hksy vks cM+dk yksdA
yxu&riL;k O;FkZ us d[kuks]
nksljk ys Hk tkb, kksdAA

& Nvks &

egy NyS tr; dfg;ks]
ls vkb HksyS HkkckM+hA
dYgqdk jktdqekj ficS NfFk
fpye] cuy tk/kkjhAA

& lkr &

Jh fot; kadj efYyd ^lq/kkifr*d dfork

dqfl;kjd [ksrh mifV xsy]

cUu Hksy phuh dsj ehyA
ikslk dqdqj dqnfd d Hkkx;]
t Hksy vksdj xhg <hyAA

& vkB &

fcuq vijk/ks ts ljki;]
rdjk
pkuu
ysiA
vgk ysy ve`rdyk]
vksdjk
ekfVd
<siAA

& uvks &

vken l [kpkZ vf/kd]
ufg fFkd mfpr fopkjA
ikfu gsjscS ;=&r= r
gscs
djr
f[kpkjAA

& nl &
vIiu ek; [kV[kV
t] rS;ks vIiu
Hkkkk rfguk ek;
tqfu fcljh ;kS

dkjh
ek;A
dsj]
HkkbAA

mBw mBw gs ohj izcq)tu!

ejyb tsdj njsx n; ds] ls Hk xsy [kwa[kkjA
tho&tUrq ekuo leqnk;d] vksdjk dh njdkjAA
vksdjk dh njdkj /kje vk] usr n;k ij lkspdA
[kwu&[kqukes [kqus jaxkus] [kquqk cq>S vuqjatdAA
bfrgkld vksfg wj i{k ij] lHk D;ks dj; foospuA
okZeku cf<+ vkxk vksfgl] vgkl nqxZatuAA
vgkl nqxZatu rfg[ku] pk.Mkyh mn~?kkskA
dkZu enZu kksf.kr /kkjs] nqtZu eu lUrkskAA
nsk&nsk ufg bZap&bZap ij] vkradd vfN nakA
ckV&ckVij utfjd vkxk] ?kwfe jgy vfN dalAA
?kwfe jgy vfN dal lnPNu]lcgd eksu f>d>ksj;A
vkkskd fckcht jksfi vks] cks/k&vcks/kks eksg;AA
fgalk&izfrfgalk Nu&izfr{ku] }sk&fokerk iksl;A
HkzV viu vksfg HkzV lkspds] fulfnu uo mn~?kksk;AA
fulfnu uo mn~?kksk; th.kZ d,] l)eZd lajpukA
cnfy iSrjk dqfVyk dqps] <kfg jgy Hkw&jpukAA
/k/kfd jgy /k/kjk pgqfnfl vfN] >jfd jgy ekuorkA
bZ d`ik.k&xksyh&ce&xksyk] fFkd lkspd fonzqirkAA
fFkd lkspd fonzqirk dyad ufg] tx/kald nqLlkglA
iSkkfpd nqdeZ euqD[kd] loZ nq[kd laokgdAA

jgy le; us djc izrh{kk] vorkj egkekuo dsA

dksfV&dksfV uj ureLrd gks] >sfy jgy nkuo dsAA
>sfy jgy nkuo ds jfgrgq] izfrdkjd l{kerkA
mBw mBw gs ohj izcq)tu! vghad ,[ku NS [kxrkAA

127

Jh txnhk izlkn e.Myd nw xksV xhr

1- thcB ckfUg
thcB ckfUg ftuxh t[ku
vkxw Msx mBc, yxS NSA
/kM+ /kjrh vl&vlk vdkl
lgj flgfj Mksy, yxS NSA
lgj flgfj Mksy, yxS NS
vkxw Msx mBc, yxS NSAA
ok;qe.My cu ok; tsuk
rfguk ftuxh thc cuS NSA
vkuu&dkuu chps&chp
thou&/kkj cgSr jgS NSA
thou&/kkj cgSr jgS NS
vkxw Msx mBc, yxS NSAA
e`r Hkwfe ve`r cukc,
vxqvk Msx mB, yxS NSA
iNqvk iN iNkfM+&iNkfM+
gh; n, e<+, yxS NSA
gh; n, e<+, yxS NS
vkxw Msx mBc, yxS NSAA
ef<+rs gh;&n, t[kfu
lhj&flj c<+, yxS NSA
icSr iqat&ijdkk t[kfu
iqi&dey ltc, yxS NSA
iqi&dey ltc, yxS NS
vkxw Msx mBc, yxS NSAA
yrfj yrk yV yVSd
tu&tud QqyokfM+ cuS NSA
fuR;k&uUn lax&lax lhrk
tkudh tud dgc, yxS NSA
tkudh tud dgc, yxS NS
vkxw Msx mBc, yxS NSAA

ikS#k cq) ygj, yxS NSA

ikS#k cq) ygj, yxS NS
vkxw Msx mBc, yxS NSAA

2- calh /kkj
fdugfj cSfl dUg&dUgqvk
calh /kkj yxkSus fN,sA
psYgck&iksBh cksj cuk
jsgqd fljk ltkSus fN,sA
jsgqd fljk ltkSus fN,s
calh /kkj yxkSus fN,sAA
ygfd&ygfd ygdh ygdk
f?kM+uh pkby /kM+kSus fN,sA
/kkjs chp [ksy [ksyk [ksykjh
gsyk gsy gsykSus fN,sA
gsyk gsy gsykSus fN,s
calh /kkj yxkSus fN,sAA
fcuq fNis Nhi&Nhi&Nhi
muVk iV iVdus fN,sA
iqNM+h&iwN idfM+&idfM+
gjnk&gjnh yxkSus fN,sA
gjnk&gjnh yxkSus fN,s
calh /kkj yxkSus fN,sAA
lqvkn&dqvkn cq>us fcuk
ftuxh /kkj /kjkSus fN,sA
gkfj&Fkkfd eu ekfj&ekfj
vLr&mn; ns[kkSus fN,sA
vLr&mn; ns[kkSus fN,s
calh /kkj yxkSus fN,sAA

fcuq ftuxkuh ftuxh vksgus

fcuq rkj rje.My dgS NSA
,drkjk d[kuks flrkj cfu
128

Jh rkjkuUn >k ^r#.k*d pkfj xksV xty

1

vk;y uo okZ eqnk] uodk mRlkg dr;\ /k/kjk fe>Sr dh ts ?kj&?kj es /k/kdy vfNA
iqjus dsj iqujko`fk] uodk izokg dr;\ ckpr dh tku vks ts Qljh ij yVdy vfNAA
jksth vk jksVh dsj] tfgBk leL;k gks;A viufg l dqM+gfj y* Vkax viu dkfV jgyA
nkslj fdNq vkjks dh] gks;r iqfu pkg vksr;\ ddjk cq>kvksr ds cqf) lcgd lVdy vfNAA
trck glksfFk ldh] ykxy vfN yksd t[kuA ,dgq crkgd bykt Hksukb eksf'dy luA
vkud fgr vudk iqfu] gks;r ijokg dr;\ dh gks;r nqfu;k ds] lc ds lc ludy vfNAA

tkxy vfN fgalk es] yksdd fookl t[kuA xkSre vk xk/kh dsj vkn'kZd tki djSrA
ik;c vfgalk dsj] [ksok y, ukg dr;\ Nxqark ,fg ns'kgq es fgalsVk HkM+dy vfNAA

ddjks ufg pSu] yksd lxjks cspSu cuyA vk;q/k dsj <sj ij nqfu;k bZ cefd jgyA
gks;r iqfu ^r#.k* dgw] lq[k l fuokZg dr;\ gksbN fur ;q) yksd ;q)s es ifjdy vfNAA

2
egxh bZtksrd vfN] lLrk vUgkj tr;A
jgrS vksr; yksd dksuk] tkfrd nhokj tr;\

pkfy lrjat dsj] vkb lkk pyyA

ts ijLij jg; fe=] k=q cuyAA

ikfu es ekN dsj] Fkkg vfN ufg drgqA

lHkrfj vfN nqxqZ.k dsj] ykxy ctkj tr;A eqnk c[kjk es uvks&uvks] dqfV;k iM+yAA
xq.k dsj ts xzkgd vfN] rdjk ds fpfUg ldr\

vUu&ikfu&ok;q dh] ckpy iznwk.k l\ ew[kZ tu cqf) dsj] vkb Bsdk ysusA
ckfp ldr izk.k dksuk] fok dsj HkaMkj tr;A ew[kZ lcds cukSus] c<+y tk jgyAA
izxfrd ts ukjk vfN] ykx; lc Qqfl tdkA nsk dsj nqnZkk ij] ufg ddjks utfjA
?k`.kk&}sk&fgalk vfN] ftuxhd vk/kkj tr;AA fgr dksuk lkf/k yh] rkfg es lc c>yAA
eu dsj ts O;Fkk ^r#.k*] ddjk lquk;c ge\

dkud cghj lax] fuBqj lalkj tr;A

vfN vkcgq le;] tkxw] psrw ^r#.k*A

fpfUg Hkxcw ts nskd] vfN nqeu vM+yAA

129

Jh lqjsUnz ukFkd pkfj xksV xt+y

1
lHk ds viu&viu rky NS ,fgBkeA
drsdks vuqkfjr loky NS ,fgBkeAA
,r; tkvks] vksr; tkvks] drgq tkd nsf[k;kSA

cokysd ikNk ykxy coky NS ,fgBkeAA

dr tscS ,fg nqfu;k l Hkkfx dsA
Hkksx NS r izsed vdky NS ,fgBkeAA
uqdkb;ks tsfr;S r uqdscS dr; vkcA
lHkBke ykxy egktky NS ,fgBkeAA
m/kkjks izsed ,dgq fnu ysy dfjrgqA
tr; nsf[k;kS Hkjy nyky NS ,fgBkeAA
pkdfj;ksd cgUus jfg ysrgq laxs&laxA
dehkud ufg ddjks eyky NS ,fgBkeAA

ds djr j{kk gej vesM+u dVS NhA

lqj{kkd ysy pksjs cgky NS ,fgBkeAA
,fg lqj&laxed Qjkd rky NS ^lqjsUnj*A

fd;ks NS lkSals fd;ks gyky NS ,fgBkeAA

3
ts trsd cslh cM+cM+k;y gsrSA
cq>q vksrcfg, vks lrk;y gsrSAA
nnZ Nkrh es ufg gks; NS vfgukA
iht Hkhrjs l duduk;y gsrSAA
NS dVS;k jLrk i,j jk[kc dr;\
drsdks vksgh es xFkk;y gsrSAA
iqNw ufg gejk l gky ,r; dsjA
drsdks l cslh vks uejk;y gsrSAA
iznwfkr gok NS r vksfguk uS NSA
t:j fd;ks drgq xUgk;y gsrSAA
cf<+ xsyS kgj es xqM+xqM+h Qsj lA
?kj es lHk fd;ks dBqvk;y gsrSAA
Vksfd;kS ufg gqudk ygfd tsrS Qsj lA

,[ku jxs&jx yqkh mldk;y gsrSAA

dh gsrS ykfM+ d yM+uk vkc ^lqjsUnj*A

[kkifj;ksd ykck ufg esgjk;y gsrSAA

2
jkst U;k; djSr dksuks twjh ufg cktrA
fdNq d# dkmN ds] ewM+h ufg pkyrAA
fd;ks ufg Lohdkjr ts ctS, vks QwflA
fokdqEHkd dfg;ks iksVjh ufg m?kkjrAA
jgS, ts tr;] fy[kS, vksrfg ds ckrA
jpuk lHk fd;ksd [k[kM+h ufg ykxrAA
bZ dksu Bke gejk Bk<+ d nsyd vksA
duSr jgr yksd eqnk >M+h ufg yk/krAA
ySyk vk etuw ds Bksfd fn;kS dhy lA
izsed ?kj es dfg;ks dsckM+ ufg ykxrAA
^lqjsUnj* ds fd;ks dh vtekc; pkgS NhA

xNkfj fn; drcks vks>jh ufg ykxrAA

4
Lusg fcljygq ikFkj cfu dsA
nsg xesygq pkdj cfu dsAA
vkfx es lh> cuygq /kqEekA
lft;ks ufg Hksy dktj cfu dsAA
tdjs pqfu liuk ltsygqA
dfV xsy vks Nkxj cfu dsAA
dkps [kk;c iflu Nfu gqudkA
mitSr jgygq xktj cfu dsAA
fid Qsdckd fgLld Nfu dsguA

HkjSr jgygq Mkcj cfu dsAA

i<+y ufg xquy xsygq dfg;ksA
Hkquk;y iksFkh es vk[kj cfu dsAA
eksuks ufg fdudks thr ldygqA
cfu ds cSlygq >k>j cfu dsAA

130

Jh jeskd nw xksV dfork

1- fefFkyk vk kadjkpk;Z

vngk&vngk nw }Sr&la;ksx!
v}Sr&ehekalk&laxe fefFkyk dsj!
^kadj* r dsoy eks{k cVS NfFk &
/kkes&/kke!

^kadj* r dsoy eks{k nSr NfFk &

nsg&cU/k l!
txr ds ^ek;k* dfg BdSr NfFk
^v}Sr&v}Sr* jVSr NfFk!
ds }Sr&vfLrRo xNSr vfN\
ds nSr vfN thou & lksygks
egktuin&vk;kZokZ&fgeky; ?kkVh ds\
thou ds ds djSr vfN eqDr
vuko;d cU/ku&tky l\
ds ?kksjSr vfN thou es &
ftthfokk dsj ehB jl\
^kadj* r dsoy eks{k nSr NfFk &
nsg&cU/k l!

Pkk: ihB laU;kl cVSr vfN

x`gLFk&/kehZ vk;kZokZ es!
ihBk/khoj eks{k cVS NfFk
thou&txr voMsfj d!
lEiw.kZ vk;kZokZ] fgeky; {ks= es!
thou ds ds eqDr djSr vfN &
vuko;d cU/ku&tky l\
thou es jgSr
;ksfxjkt ckck y{ehukFk xkslkb!
nsg vNSr fonsg] ohrjkxh
x`gLFk&laU;klh jktk tud!
ds nSr vfN thou es ^/khou*
}Sr vfLrRo ds xfN d\
^kadj* r dsoy eks{k nSr NfFk &
nsg&cU/k l!

^ok.kizLFk&laU;kl* jVSr NfFk!

vusjks ;k;kojh djSr NfFk!
^v}Sr&v}Sr* & Hk[kSr NfFk!
,dsojoknd >ksad es
ftfcrs fuxqZ.k xcSr NfFk!
vk lxq.kksd Lrou fy[kSr NfFk!

ufpdsrkd vkRek&jgL;&eaFku
pySr vfN vuUr dky l!
vkRek&ijekRekd ehekalk eFkSr
^vejkorh vk mTtf;uhd
dkfynkl* ds
ufg QfM+Nkbr Nfu
fo/kkskekd izu&tky!
tk /kfj ^okfj eFkSr ?k`r*
cgkj ufg djSr NfFk
^mPpSBd dkfynkl*!
r[ku Qsj ekfgerh
e.Mu djSr vfN
viu nkZu vk thou&kSyh ds
^Hkkouk&foosd* vk ^fof/k&foosd* l
}Sr ds laxe djSr v}Sr es!
viuk ds v{kq..k j[kSr fefFkyk!
laxe djSr mkj&nf{k.k dsj
nSr vfN thou l`fV&ek= ds
fnO;&n`fV l!
^kadj* r dsoy eks{k nSr NfFk
nsg&cU/k l!

cz&vak thou&txr
gfj;j dap euksgj!
lqUnj jpuk] /kfj.kh!
r[ku txr feF;k dsuk
ek;k dsuk\
nquw lR;] r[ku v}Sr dh\
vk] }Sr dsuk ufg\
txr lR;] r[kus ^e.Mu*!
vk vngk [k.Mu!
}Srk}Sr&fofkVk}Srd mi;qDrrk
viu&viu lekt vk thou &
djSr vfN fu.kZ;!
^loZr=
a &Lora=* ehekalk djSr
^e.Mu* viuk czd!
dsgu v}Sr czd ^e.Mu*\
fo/;FkZokn l cz&flf) /kfj\
thou ckVfFk fefFkyk &
e.Mu] Hkkerh] Hkkjrh vkj dqekfjy!
czks lR;! thou&txrks lR;!
131

cVus ?kqjSr NfFk eks{k

laU;kl es /kkes&/kke!
kadj r dsoy ijdk;k
izoskd dyk tuSr NfFk!
dapu&dk;k&eeZ dkfeuh &
Hkkjrh&x`fg.kh tkufFk!
Lodh;k] ijdh;k&ukf;dk&eeZ r
fo/kkd ifr, tkufFk!
jk/kk&d`.kd izse&}Sr
nSr vfN thou&l`fV ds!
izd`fr&iq#k dsj vkdkZ.k
tx ds fnO;&n`fV l!
thou&jl fFkd fonsg tuin]
lgt&Hkko es!
ksk txr dsj nkZu]
dgquk fFkd vHkko es!
^kadj* r dsoy eks{k nSr NfFk
nsg&cU/k l!
x`gLFk&/keZd eeZ
cVSr vfN fefFkyk!

2- fdj.kthd uked v}Sr ehekalk

vgk LokfHkekuh Nh
r fdj.kth Nh!
tuekuld i{k es Nh]
r fdj.kth Nh!
vgk fdj.kth Nh]
r eg&eg fefFkyk Nh!
eg&eg fefFkyk Nh]
r fufprs
dg&dg&HkqEgwj fdj.kth Nh!
vgk ekufldrk
vk eksgfojk es ^lksbr* Nh
r fdj.kth ufg Nh!
eksgfojk es iath&izcU/kd
^ckcw lkgsc* Nh
r fdj.kth ufg;s Vk Nh!
vgk okLro es ^t;okj* Nh
r pyq] dgquk d fdj.kth Nh!
t czk.k&oxhZdj.k es

dkgq Vk ufg Nh vgk

r t:js fdj.kth Nh!
vk t nlks&fnd~iky es l
D;ks vgkd ufg NfFk iSjohdkj
r /kzqo&lR; ekuw
vgk vkj D;ks ufg
fdj.ksth Vk Nh!
vgkd eu&cU/k
lqeud xexeh l gks r
Hk ldSN] laKk :is
eksgfojk es vgk Hk tk;
lkfgfR;d vk /kkfeZd czk.k!
vgkd eu&cU/k
eksgd e/kqi l gks r
fuNy HkDr&n;
eSfFky&thoud yksdxk;d vgk ds
ekuck es dksuks vlkSd;Z ufg!
in~e&in~e ef.k l eu&cU/k gks
r viuk ds
fefFkykd yksd&laLd`fr&psrkd
cqf> ldSr Nh mnkk mnkgj.k!
vk t vgkd eu&cU/k
fdj.ksthVk l gks r
l; izfrkr euqD[kd vykos
vkj fdNqVk HkS, ufg ldSr Nh!
dfoojd vU;ksfDr&oksfDr
vkb;ks fefFkykd tM+Ro ij
iVfd jgy vfN eqjhA
viu ^eqfDrd izlax*
rdSr jktdey
vkb;ks fefFkykd ^egkou* es
dkfV jgy NfFk vgqfj;kA
ckck cS|ukFk ds ikFkj dgSr
vkb;ks fdj.k&fk;
;k=hd tkjh vfN
vuojr czk.M&foyki
ije lR; l!
/kwedsrq] euqD[kd ^nsoRo* ij
d jgy NfFk ,[kugq vuqlU/kku
eqnk lk{kkr~ fdj.kth vkb;ks
132

xqEgjSr vke euqD[kd mis{kk ij

iqjkruiaFkhd dku idfM+
ekfVd egknso NksfM+
euqD[k&iwtud d jgy NfFk
lqLiV mn~/kksk.kkA
vgk [kjddk Nh
r ekqjd >ksM+ l
y ldSr Nh pj.kke`r
eqnk fdj.kth tdk
ekqjd vksgh >ksM+ l
loZgkjk oxZd v#nk c<+sckd
ufg d ldSr Nh cSnfxjhA
vgk ^daputa?kk* l ^dwpfcgkj*d
d ldSr Nh jl&;k=k
jskeh pknfj vks<+usA
eqnk MkseVksyh l eqlgjhd jkLrk
ufg cq>y jgr vgk dsA
vgk Hk ldSr Nh lq/kkjoknh
lkekftd ljksdkj es
eqnk fdlkuh] vkUnksyuh Hk
ifjokZud i,j tehu ij jksiukb
vgkd okd ckr ufgA
vgk Hkk fifc
Lokxr&xkku djc olUrd
r vgk ds crkg dgck es
gqudj la?kkZ&xhrd Hkkl
dfuks cs&mjsc gsckd izus dgk\
^e/kqjef.k*d i`BHkwfe fcuk
^tksM+k efUnj*d vfLrRo dgk\
^txrkjfu* ufg r ckld vksf/k dh\
ekfVd vH;FkZuk] tuokjh] ltZuk ufg
r vkykspukd jktgald /kksf/k dh\
vks ^izkphu xhr*d
ykmM&Lihdj cfu ldSr Nykg
^uohu xhr*d lh0Mh0d mn~xkrk ufgA
vks jkt&ljksojd gal cfu
uhj&{khj&foosd l vfHktkr ehekalkd

iFkkj yxk d lkfgR;kykspud

xkfM+ ldSr Nykg [kqk
eqnk uopsrukd izxfrkhy xhrd
xkrk vk Kkrk ufgA
vks fdj.kth ds dkO;ksis{kkd nak
n ldSr Nykg
eqnk gqudk vKkr Ny dky&fu.kZ;
vk vkxr ih<+hd ^ewM*
vks oLrqr% ^kkL=h* vk ^kkL=h;* Nykg
vk fdj.kthd ^r`.kewy*d dk;ZdkkZ!
vks ^mjkst* ds ^ljkst*d mieku cuk
k`axkj&dkO;d izkphu ijEijk ds
d ldSr Nykg lEiqV vk iqV
eqnk /kkud ^mjkst* es nw/k Hkjckd
lkeF;Z gqudk dr; l vfcrfu\
vks gqudj thoud tM+Ro
vk lhek Ny lkfgR;dA
vgk Hkkkk&eap ij
yksd&psrukd ltZd Nh
r fdj.kth NhA
lkfgR;&eap ij
lkekftd psrukd ikskd Nh
r fdj.kth NhA
lkaLd`frd eap ij
tu&laLd`frd xk;d Nh
r fdj.kth NhA
jktuhfrd eap ij
fnkkgkjk oxZd iqfVo)Zu es
xcSr Nh egjkb
r fdj.kth NhA
fo|kifrd eap ij
tuksUeq[kh xhr&laLd`frd mn~?kkVd Nh
r fdj.kth NhA
vgkd thou&nkZu
lqfpfUrr] m/oZxkeh vfN
r fdj.kth NhA
thou vk lkfgR; es
le:i n`fVdks.k gks
r vgk fdj.kth NhA
fdj.ksthVk Hk ldSr Nh!
133

Jh fnyhi dqekj >kd dkkh lhjhtd nw xksV dfork

1- dkkh & 1
o#.kk vk vLlhd e/;
vofLFkr okjk.klh
vFkkZr~ izkphu dkkh
lalkjd lHkl
iqjku uxj es
ef.kdf.kZdk rhFkZes
czeqgqkZes
Luku djSoyk
viu f;k
vksfguk djSr vfN
lU/;koUnu]
ti] fryd jksyh] Nkik
lc vksfguk vfN
i.Mkd nku&nf{k.kk
Bd&BdSrh
tksj&tcjnLrh
lc vksfguk
de Hksy vfN
xyh&xyhl
fudl;oyk
lkeosnd /ofu
xNkjy xsykg vfN
cgqLrjh; lqj{kkes
fooukFk
efUnj cqf> iM+SN
lsY;wyj tsyA

2- dkkh & 2
dkkhd ewy laLd`fr vfN
vYgM+iuk vk eLrh
dkkh vkb;ks viuk&vkies
eLr vfN
nsk&fonskd yksd
dkkhd dYiuk
tkfg :is dj;
,[kuks vius pkfyes
pfy jgy, dkkh
,[kuks xq# yksdfu
rsyekfyl dds

Mksaxh y
xaxkd ikj tkbr NfFk
ugk&fuifV d vkfc
HkLe&pkuu yxk
gj&gj egknsod
mn~?kksk d
fpUrk djSr NfFk
vtqdk cqrkrd
uf dksuks [ksrh&iFkkjh
O;kikj&cfut rsgukgs lu
rhFkZ;k=h] i;ZVd ij
VdVdh yxkSus
nw chM+k iku cUgck
dksuks lkM+hd xh ok dksuks
efUnjd dksu ij Bk<+ Hk
dek ySN fdNq Vdk
tkfgl pfy tk,
ek= vktqd [kpZ
iku] Hkkx r vko;ds
iko Hkfj jkcM+h] eykb
Hk tk, cl--vkj dh\
yksd fooukFkd vkkhokZnl
vHkkoxzLr vfN
eqnk egkuxjd
dksuks vjcifrl
cslh fufpUr vfN
gtkj&nw gtkj okZ iwoZ
dkkhd of.kZr thou
vkb;ks vius pkfy;s
pfy jgy vfN
Vh0oh0d Lhu ij
dkkh&dkkh
vu?kksy epy vfN
fd;ks gqv, iz/kkuea=h
,fgl dkkhds
dksuks QdZ ufg
eryc flQZ ,fgl
dgSr jfg;kS &
^gj&gj egknso
gj&gj egknso*A
134

Jh fko dqekj >k ^fVYyw*d nw xksV dfork

1- dksuk

2- tUe&fnu

fcuq NUn&y;d xhr dksuk

Nksg&fojg fcuq izhr dksuk
fcuq fcEc&fkYid x| dksuk
fcuq Hkko&foPkkjd i| dksuk
fcuq Bkf<+&forkud ikr dksuk
vpy tSo fcuq clkr dksuk
fcuq larfr flusgd rkr dksuk
vkpj fcuq ekr` xkr dksuk
fcuq o`{k&ok;q cjlkr dksuk
mfnr v#.k fcuq izkr dksuk
fcuq vkRe oj.kd dUr dksuk
dksey mj fcuq jloUr dksuk
fcuq nku&Hkko /kuoUr dksuk
vifjxzg lr fcuq lUr dksuk
fcuq khypfjr xq.koUr dksuk
vn`; Hksn fcuq vuUr dksuk
fcuq le vfpZld jfo dksuk
fnO; n`fV fcuq dfo dksuk
fcuq cz rid Nk= dksuk
lnkpkj fcuq lrik= dksuk
fcuq fojg vkdqy Nksg dksuk
eerk Hkatu fcuq eksg dksuk
fcuq nkZdd ukVd dksuk
dqfVy ckV fcuq VkVd dksuk
fcuq Loj lk/;d O;atu dksuk
nk#.k nq%[k fcuq jatu dksuk
fcuq nkZu vfHkO;atu dksuk
Hkkod fcuq lqf/k izHkatu dksuk
fcuq lpsV nyd cy dksuk
LoPN uhj fcuq fueZy dksuk
fcuq lwr&rkjd xkFky dksuk
pUnz fcuq v.kZo dydy dksuk
fcuq xzk xq.kd izkaty dksuk
ikfu fcuq ehu Nyey dksuk
fcuq ,dkf/kd ijrj dksuk
,d fcuq vku&nkslj dksuk
fcuq lewg okl thou dksuk
,dkUr fopkj fcuq fpUru dksuk

vks usuk & vfdapu ek;d lUrku

LrC/k! d,y uksjd ?k`r LUkku
ufg Ny Hkhty iwjk nsg
ek= foHkksj papy eksud xsg
vkf[kd pqvkBl uhj&Lukr
d;yd iqyfdr e/kqjh xkr
Vs<+ vkSaBk ij [klSr uksj
J)kl fctqdy iksjs&iksj
tUe&fnud Ny uoe c[kZ
ufg Hksy fokkn ufg dksuks g[kZ
vupksdses dksu cqf) iljy
tylkd vkk dNsj lljy
vdpdkm us ns[kw laKku
vcyk ek;d euksfoKku
usukd eksu nsyd >d>ksfj
kSkoes uhfrd fgYdksfj
cki r xsyfFk ijyksd
ek; Hk xsfy lq/kckSd
vkc fd, dhuc feBkb
ysc viu la=kl uqdk;
,rcs r d;us Nfy ek;
bZnxkg dFkk lqukSyfu vkb
okg! ;kS izsepUn Hkk;
tUe ufg nsus Nfy vkth
eqnk iksrk ekjyd ckth
,fg Bke r vfN dksf[kd lqr
dqik= dksuk dgkvksr liwr
QkVy uwvk nsf[k Hksy foHkksj
idfM+ ek;ds pqvkvksy uksj
lkM+h dhfu ys dgyd yky
ufg r djckS ge jaxrky
tUe&fnu euk;c i#dk lky
lqfurs ek; Hksfy ekSu csgky
gs ukFk! ,dlfj NksfM+ xsygq ijyksd
eqnk viu Nkgfjl Hkjygq bgyksd

135

Jh :isk R;ksFa kd pjifr;k

1

Hkksj HksyS fcgqly ou&miou

eqldh NksM+S QwyA
uokjEHk dsj vkles nsf[k;kS
uqdk /ksus NS kwyAA

?kqfj ,ygq vfN xkel

xj xksVus usgA
eksu ,[ku /kfj Vkxy vkskfg
y vuygq vfN nsgAA

rksgj gLlh gej gLlh

Hklfd xsyS usgd jLlhA
gsjc ekslfdy HksyS ehrk
lksjg iaps gksb NS vLlhAA

rksgj usg ysy NksM+y tx vk

rks Hksy, cbekuA
/kks[kk [kscS vkc us dfg;ks
b,g idM+ygq dkuAA

lHk dkt dsj tuuh txes

d,fugkjd bPNk NSA
ifgus bPNk Qsj ijhPNk
,fg nqfu;k dsj fNPNk NSAA

vki&vkid ykxy Ny lHk

thry ,fg csj vkiA
kksj epvksus ts Ny lxjks
ls cSly pqipkiAA

10

tkfr&tkfr dsj ek>es

,gu volj /kkjA
eq[kin cSly ek>h vk
lHktu Hk xsy ikjAA

jkfr lksgkvksu rw euHkkvksu

pfdr lqujrk nsf[kA
pku&flrkjk Vqd&Vqd rkdm
uS ns[ky le Hksf[kAA

11

Fkwjy xsyS Qwy ngksfnl

flj lty vfN ck<+fuA
dsvks duS, Bksg ikfM+d
dsvks eucb, ikcfuAA

fcuq vijk/ks i<+us tkb,

fcfD[ku&fcfD[ku xkbjA
dh dfj;kS fdNq dgyks tk, us
lqUufj HkS;k dsj lkbjAA

6
csl tksxkd jk[ky vksfguk
gqud usg dsj rkxA
vks HksVS NfFk j[kus laxs
Hkfj <kdh mijkxAA
136

Jherh esudk efYydd nw xksV dfork

1- ge eqerkt

2- vgk l Qjkd gksbr

gtkjks etwjd esgufrl

drksd c[kZd
,d&,dVk iyds lesfV
djksM+ks u;ud usg
vk eksues cly
kkLor izsel cuy
^bekjr*
gksbr vfN
^rktegy*A

pkSchl c[kZd nkEiR;es

ifgy [ksi
vgkl Qjkd viukds
cM+ iz;kl d,y
lEgkjck ysy
vgk bZ ufg cq>c fiz;!
vghaVkds ufg vfN bZ nq[k
f/kvk&iqrkd le{k
viu vUreZul
mBy Vhlds
cukcVh [kqkhes
LohdkjSr
vgkds vfjvkrSr dky
pkS[kfV fnl c<+y Msx
{k.k Hkfj ysy
fcyfe xsy
cq>k,y tsuk
i,jes cUgk xsy gksv, tkr
,Egj&vksEgj rdSr
viukds lEgkjSr
lks dgSr Nh fiz;!
yViVk xsy Ny gej Loj
thoues ifgy csj
vgkl Qjkd gksbrA

vkb] QSDVhd ekhues

vks>jSy vfN ^kkgtgk*
Hkkul?kjd jlk;u
ifjokjd Hkwxksy
vk usuk lHkd O;kdj.kes
viL;kr vfN ^eqerkt*A
rS;ks
ekhuh nqfu;kl
Qjkd gksbrfg
thoud ,fg LFky /kfj
?kM+hd ^fVd&fVd*d lax
pySr jgSN ftuxhA
v[kckjd vkeq[k ij if<+
btksfj;k jkfres
rktd ^nhnkj*
drksd c[kZd ckn vkb
ukfp mBy eksu
e;wj luA
btksfj;k jkfres
pkul ugk,y rktds
nsf[k ldh vgkd lax
c# fdNq, dky ysy
vgk cfu tkb ^kkgtgk*
vk] ge ^eqerkt*A
137

Jherh :ie >kd nw xksV xhr

1

dr; gsjk;y xke l[kh eksj]

dr; gsjk;y xke ;SAA

viu ftuxhds vius cukm vgkA

viu eqfDrd >.Mk mBkm vgkAA

lqfr&mfB tr, luh ijkrh

tr; ;qod Ny cw<+d ykBh
pk: fnl ge rkfd jgy Nh]
rkdS Nh oSg /kke ;SA
dr; gsjk;y xke l[kh eksj]
dr; gsjk;y xke ;SAA

nsk&nqfu;k ds gkyr vgk tkuy d#A

fut lQyrkd ft vgk Bkuy d#AA
eksu es nhi Kkud tjkm vgkA
viu eqfDrd >.Mk mBkm vgkAA

izhrd /kkj cgS Ny ifgus

usgd ckr dgS Ny ifgus
Hkkb&Hkkb es rsuk jgS Ny]
tfguk yNeu&jke ;SA
dr; gsjk;y xke l[kh eksj]
dr; gsjk;y xke ;SAA
lax&lkFk ifjokj jgS Ny
lq[k&nq[k lHk fefy lax lgS Ny
tr, lklq uodh dfu;k dsj]
jk[kS Nfy miuke ;SA
dr; gsjk;y xke l[kh eksj]
dr; gsjk;y xke ;SAA

viu liukds vgk ufg ekjy d#A

viu {kerk ij vius fopkjy d#AA
:i fk{kkl lfn[ku ltkm vgkA
viu eqfDrd >.Mk mBkm vgkAA
dkfu&ckftd us fnu vgk dkVy d#A
uoy T;ksfr fur ?kj&?kjes ckVy d#AA
uhy uHkij lnfr txexkm vgkA
viu eqfDrd >.Mk mBkm vgkAA
t lqvkflu&cgqvkflu fiNM+ys jgrA
:i nskd lektd fcxM+ys jgrAA
lHk fokerkds tfM+l esVkm vgkA
viu eqfDrd >.Mk mBkm vgkAA

rkdS Nh vks dksbyh ds Loj

izhr Hkjy vks lax&lkFk ?kj
oSg lekt ge Qsj rdS Nh]
rkdS Nh vksfgBke ;SA
dr; gsjk;y xke l[kh eksj]
dr; gsjk;y xke ;SAA

138

Jh mesk e.Myd dfork

Jh fukkdjd nw xksV dfork

vfN eqnk lcgd ,d

1- eksu & 1

jkVh; ,drkij dsfUnzr

vdkl fnl rdS Nh
ns[kkb, &
Hkfj vdkld cnjh
,Dds Bke tqeb,
cnjh pyb,
crkl pyb,
cqUu [klb,A

Xkked nsk] Hkkjr csl

viuk&viuk vkf[k, ns[k
Xkked nsk] Hkkjr csl
Hkk; nsf[k&nsf[k] Hkk; nsf[k&nsf[k --- A
unh vusd] ukyk vusd
mn~xe vfN eqnk lcgd ,d
/kkj vusd] /kkjk vusd
y{; vfN eqnk lcgd ,d
Xkked nsk] Hkkjr csl
Hkk; nsf[k&nsf[k] Hkk; nsf[k&nsf[k --- A

gej eksud vdkles lsgks

cnjh ?kqeb,
Hkkoukd crkl pyb,
kCnd cqUu [klb,
dkxrd /kjrh ij
[kwc cj[kk gksb,
eksu upb,
eksu ugkb,A

dkt vusd] csogkj vusd

fof/k vfN eqnk lcgd ,d
ckV vusd] cVksgh vusd
eafty vfN eqnk lcgd ,d
Xkked nsk] Hkkjr csl
Hkk; nsf[k&nsf[k] Hkk; nsf[k&nsf[k --- A

2- eksu & 2
clkr v,yk ij
exu Hk
xkN
viu
lqj
xfr
y; es
upb,
fpM+S& pquequh
usgky Hk
Qqndb,
bZ n`; ns[kfugkj
yksdd eksu
cgfd&cgfd tkb,
[kwc v?kkb,A

pqfYg vusd] O;atu vusd

LoLFk jgc vfN eqnk lcgd mnsl
jksx vusd] vkSkf/k vusd
oS| vusd] oSnkkyk vusd
iF;&ijgst vfN eqnk lcgd ,d
Xkked nsk] Hkkjr csl
Hkk; nsf[k&nsf[k] Hkk; nsf[k&nsf[k --- A
deZ vusd] /keZ vusd
eeZ vfN eqnk lcgd ,d
xke vusd] jkT; vusd
jkV vfN eqnk lcgd ,d
Xkked nsk] Hkkjr csl
Hkk; nsf[k&nsf[k] Hkk; nsf[k&nsf[k --- A

139

MkW0 f=os.kh >kd nw xksV dfork

1- ,fg Bke jgw & 1

2- ,fg Bke jgw & 2

cqPphd ckcwth
Hkksyk ckcwd NksVdk Hkk;
uUgdw vk y[kukd ?kjtek;
cxyokyh nk;&ek;
lc ,yk] lc ,yh
cM+ uhd yxS,
ikgqul cfr,uk;A

gej cSBdes] cSBkjes] tucklkes] nykues

cSfl xsyk ikgqu
ikgqud igquk; ysy vkfc xsfy dfu;k
ikgqud vkxw&ikNw dfu;k] cl dfu;k
dfu;kd Hkkouk yxS, usuefr;k
dfu;kds dusdks r cq>km&le>km
Hkk; gqud nk;&ek; vk HkkSth
,gu us gksbfFk csNi euekSth

ns[kc dgha dkukQqlh

ckr&ckres us gqlh
Bhdl crk;c
viu rc&rfg;k]
ds&dfg;k] tr,&tfg;k
ikgqu NfFk iS?k] dusd ckfp jgc
ckpc t[ku dFkk viu
lquykSa dh] cq>ykSa dh\
cqPphd ek;&cki]
Hkdqvkd Hkk;&nk;!
vgk lc us tkm vksEgj
nyku ij vkc vkfc xsyk ikgquA
ikgqud ikx ns[kw
vpdul yVfd jgy /kksrhd [kwV
csek, QVy i,j] us iugh us cwV
dh dgh ikgqu NfFk &
/kqvkm gqud i,j
yksVk Hkfj ty vkuw
iugh [kM+kvksa vkuwA
vlxuh ij >kfi jk[ky
pded vks pknfj vkuw
pkSdh ij >kM+w&cksgk:
fdNq d: mik;] ,s nk;&ek;
nyku ij vkc vkfc xsyk ^ikgqu*A
MkW0 f=os.kh >k
,e-vkb-th- ,&166
MkW0 ,-,l- jko uxj
iksLV & b-lh-vkb-,ygSnjkckn & 500062
eks0 & 7673982620@040&27137298

dksuk dgh] ikgqu NfFk

vgkd nyku nsf[k
cgqfj xsyk drksd iM+kslh
iS?k tu nsf[k gqud jax&:i
fclfj xsyk lc fdNq
lkspS NfFk Hkkoukd HkO; Hkoues
ikgqud vkxeu Hksy vkpj.kd lqfprkes
dh Hksy] dr xsy] vkidrk NwfV xsyA
dh d# ckSvk\
dh djc nknkth] vkm ,Egj cSlw
fclfj tkm ckr vgk] vkm viu }kj&Bko
fefFkykd vkxues] cnfy xsy xko&xko
^nsg* vk ^fonsg* chp Hkqfr;k xsfy ^oSnsgh*
vkm viu eqfu;k lax
ekSuh vk ikSarhes Hkwft jk[ky fpmM+k
dkSuh vk lkokd Hkkr ufg HksVr
^rqylhQwy* vk ^;kethjkd* /kku dr\
/kkud [kfjgku ykxy iku vk e[kku dr\
lhdd Mkyh ufg] ikSarh vk ekSuh ufg
^isij*d ^IysV*es Hkwty vfN fpmM+k
[kkm vgk] tk; Nh dr\
ckcw vks ckck lHk] gkFk fyv nkSuk
iksFkh vk irjkes] ckf> xsykSa dksuk\
vius ?kj cSfl vkc] ddj esy] dr xsy\
vks vgkd dh Hksy\
cSlw fljgkSuk
gqud nyku ij vkfc xsyk ikgqu
ctkcfFk r tkm]
ufg r cSlw ,fg dksukA
nknkth] ,fgBke jgw us----A
140

Jh equhUnz feJd nw xksV dfork

1- gs cqf)oj! vgk mBkm dye

d#.kk] izse] ijksidkj vk nkud

ea= fnvkS yksdds
vksdjk vknkZ vkneh cukmA

gs cqf)oj!
vgk vkneh Nh
rSa mBkm dye vk fy[kw
fd vkneh dksuk thcSN
dksuk jgSN] dh [kkbN] dh ifgjSN
vk] t =qfV vfN ,fg lHkes drgq
r vgk viu vkokt cqyUn d#
[kwc gkfu d fy[kw
dye rksfM+ d fy[kw
tkfgl vknehds
thck ysy isV Hkfj vUu HksVSd
nsg >ki ysy lE;d~ oL= HksVSd
jkSnh&cqUuhl cpck ysy ?kj HksVSd
vksdjk dksuks jkstxkj HksVSd
tkfgl vks ifjokjd ikyu dj,A

gs cqf)oj!
bZ dkt vnkSl vgh d,us Nh
vkb;ks bZ vgha d ldSr Nh
cnfy fnvkS vktqd iFkHkzV nqfu;kds
?kqjk vkuw vksdjk lUekxZ ij
,fg ysy vgk mBkm dye
vk fy[kw] [kwc fy[kwA

2- lHk eues izse Hkfj;kS

pyq&pyq ;kS cVksgh pfy;kS]
lnfr vkxk c<+us pfy;kSA
lkSals nqfu;k vfN vgk dsj]
vgk ,djk viu cufc;kSAA

bZ lHk r[kufg lEHko vfN

t[ku nskd vFkZ&O;oLFkk lqn`<+ gks
vR;k/kqfud rduhdl [ksrh d,y tk,
xke&?kjes m|ksx&/kU/kkd fodkl gks
lkSals nqfu;kes nskd okf.kT;&O;kikj c<+s
vk yksdds vksgh izdkjd fk{kk HksVSd
yksdds fofHkUu izdkjd izfk{k.k HksVSd
;krk;kr vk nwjlapkjd lqfo/kk HksVSd
yksd lkSals nqfu;k ?kwe,] ns[k,] le>s
xzg&mixzg ij tk,] cl,] eqnk
vksdjk la;fer&fu;af=r jk[ky tk,A

vgk ,ygq /kjrhij ,gh ysy]

,r; dkt cgqr vfN dsukbA
Msxfg Msx fcNkvksy dkVk]
vfN dkVfgij vgkds pyukbAA
jgSN lQyrk&foQyrk laxfg]
vfN us ,fges vgkds QlukbA
deZfg ewy vfN ,fg thoues]
ek= lRdesZ vfN vgkds dsukbAA

vk] vks vkneh, cuy jg,

Hkufga vks nso cfu tk,] r cu, fnvkS
eqnk ns[kc] dgha vks nkuo ufg cfu tk,
ufg r vks lHkds [kk tk,r
lHk fdNq uV d nsr
vks Lo;a viugq ufg ckpr
,uk fdUugq ufg gkse; nsc
vksdj pfj=&fuekZ.k d#
vksdjk vuqkklud ikB i<+km
vksdjk Ekuorkd ewY; le>km

vgk drgq fcyfe us tk;c]

lq[k&kkfUr cht cks;cA
lHk tu&eues cSfl tk;c]
lnfr lHk eues izse HkjcAA
pyq&pyq ;kS cVksgh pfy;kS]
lnfr vkxk c<+us pfy;kSA

141

Jh pUnz eksgu d.kZd nw xksV dfork

1- Hkkjr xkFkk
lquq lqukch Hkkjr xkkFkk]
vkvksj c<+kch ,dj ekuA
gEej Hkkjr nsk egkuAA 0AA
mkj fge flj eqdqV lqkksfHkr]
in&iadt lkxj fgydksjsA
jke&d`.k dsj ikou /kjrh]
cq)&egkohj ,rfg vorkjsAA
tr; eqfutu yxcs /;ku]
gEej Hkkjr nsk egkuAA 1AA
bZ czk&fo.kq&egsk f=nsod]
/kjrh ikou lHk D;ks tkuA
x.kifr vk ctjaxcyh lax]
kadj&lkbZa&foosd lqtkuAA
;kS pkjks /kked rhFkZ egku]
gEej Hkkjr nsk egkuAA 2AA

Ny fodflr vIiu kku]

gEej Hkkjr nsk egkuAA 6AA
v<+kb gtkj c[kZ iwoZ pjd eqfu]

vk;qfoZKkud Kku djkSyfuA

phj&QkM+ ds Kkuh kqJqr]
fpfdRlk&i)fr iw.kZ djkSyfuAA

fupsrd&vks es vxcs tku]

gEej Hkkjr nsk egkuAA 7AA
bZlk iwoZ lkr l; c[kZgq ifgus]
Ny rf{kyk lu foofo|ky;A

nl gtkj fo|kFkhZ ifjlj es]

lkfB fok; es fk{kk ikc;AA
food izFke Kku ds [kku]
gEej Hkkjr nsk egkuAA 8AA
chtxf.kr vk f=dks.kfefr lax]
dSydqyl ds eeZ ds vkuyA

bZlk iwoZ l; c[kZfga ifgus]

nl gtkj c[kZ es us dfg;ks]

Hkkjr vIiu lhek uk?kyA
foo&kkfUr ds nwr cuy vk]
iapkhy ds Hksn crkvksyAA
fl[kc; uhfr&jhfr ds Kku]
gEej Hkkjr nsk egkuAA 3AA

kwU; laxs nkeyo ds tkuyAA

laLd`r kCn ^uoxfr%*l fudly]

Hkkjr Kkud tksr txkvksyAA

ukSpkyu es fnkk ds KkuA

Nvks gtkj c[kZ iwoZfg tkuy]
Hkkjr dsj lHk prqj lqtkuAA
bfrgkl lk{kh iqid ;ku]
gEej Hkkjr nsk egkuAA 4AA
iratfy l nh?kkZ;qd ea= lax
vVkax&;ksx Hkkjrfges tueyA
izk.kk;ke vkS /;ku&lekf/ks]
ikp gtkj c[kZ iwoZfg tkuyAA
tkuy tkZ&dsUnzd Kku]
gEej Hkkjr nsk egkuAA 5AA
ikp gtkj c[kZ iwoZ t[ku bZ]
nqfu;k taxy okl djS NyA
flU/kq?kkVh dsj mPp lH;rk]
iqfir Hk t;xku djS NyAA

ufg r eksfLdy xsukb pku]

gEej Hkkjr nsk egkuAA 9AA
pkfje lnh es ukyUnk iqfu]
foofo|ky; vfr ppkZ ikvksyA
lEiw.kZ food fk{kk&/kwjh cfu]
vxznwr dfg ekus ldy tgku]

gEej Hkkjr nsk egkuAA10AA

fgUnw&flD[k vk ckS)&tSu ts]
iPphl izfrkr food vkcknhA
rhu yk[k l cslh efLtn]
lksyg l; ckou Hkkkkd vktknhAA

vaxjsft;ks es cslh fgUnqLrku]

gEej Hkkjr nsk egkuAA11AA
pkSlj] lrjat vk lksy?kfj;k lax]

cgqcksMZ [ksy Hkkjrfges tueyA

dqrh&dch&gkWdh&fdsV vk]

fukkusckth yksdfiz; ekuyAA

xk;u&oknues foksk igpku]
gEej Hkkjr nsk egkuAA12AA
pkSng l; ok pkyhl izfrkr]
ck?kd ,r; vkcknh vfNA
142

lk<+s lkjg djksM+ tkuoj]

ikV&nygu es fooizFke vfNAA

vfN Hkkjrh; jsy egklaLFkku]

gEej Hkkjr nsk egkuAA13AA
food lHk l iS?k iztkra=]
lkjg izfrkr food vkcknhA

v<+kb izfrkr Hkwfe es lkre]

LFkku nksljs vfN vkcknhAA
,d l; chl djksM+d kku]
gEej Hkkjr nsk egkuAA14AA
lkjge lnh vaxjst iwoZ /kfj]

ukud&jghe&nwyu vk nfj;kA

nknw&foUnq&lgtksckbZ lax]
esgh&eywd&;kjh&jSnklkAA
czkuUn&dk;e&jl[kku]
gEej Hkkjr nsk egkuAA20AA
dkyhnkl&;kKoYD;&vk;kph]
xkxhZ&eS=s;h&vfgY;k&HkkerhA

y{ehukFk xkslkbZa ra=fl)]

xkSre&d.kkn vks e.Mu&HkkjrhAA

tud&tkudh ds ufg tku]

gEej Hkkjr nsk egkuAA21AA

lksuk&pkuh vk dksfguwj Ny]

fo|kifr & e/kqi & pUnk>k]

ykynkl&ef.kin~e&vejthA

csldherh jru

jktdey lax yfyr&ek;kuUn]

Ny

Hkkjr lq[kh&le`)A
izfl)AA

Ny iljy lxjks /ku&/kkU;]

gEej Hkkjr nsk egkuAA15AA

ohj dqoj flag] y{ehckbZ]

gfjeksgu&js.kq vks ;k=hthAA

egkizdkk&lksensod xke]
gEej Hkkjr nsk egkuAA 22AA

cksl&Hkxr flag dr cfynkuhA

,l-,u- cksl vk ts-lh- cksl Ny]

lR;&vfgalk iwtd xk/kh]

lh-oh- je.k] gkseh ts- HkkHkkA

moZj dksf[k ek Hkkjrh dsj]

vaxjst Hkxkvksy ohj lsukuhAA

vR;kpkj l NwVy izk.k]

gEej Hkkjr nsk egkuAA16AA
iSalB c[kZd ,fg nh?kZdkyes]
fodkld xfr eUn ifM+ xsyA

uSfrdrkd voewY;ul cq>w]

turk&usrk nquw HkzV Hk xsyAA

tkxw] jk[kw jkejktd eku]

gEej Hkkjr nsk egkuAA17AA
osn&iqjk.k&osnkUr&mifukn~]
egkHkkjr&xhrk vkS jkek;.kA
Hkkxord dFkk Jo.ku l]
ijhf{kr eks{kd }kjgq [kksyyfuAA

xsykg fx)&vtkfey /kke]

gEej Hkkjr nsk egkuAA18AA
osnO;kl&ckYehfd&n/khfp]
vf=&ofkB&fookfe=&ljHkaxA

d;i&Hk`xq&vaxhjk&xkSre]
ekjd.Ms;&Hkkj}kt&eraxAA
lHk NksM+cfFk ;e dsj Qku]
gEej Hkkjr nsk egkuAA19AA
rqylh&lwj&dchj vk ehjk]

tueyhg ,rfg dYiuk pkoykAA

jkdsk kekZ ?kqfj vUrfj{k;ku]

gEej Hkkjr nsk egkuAA23AA

dRFkd&dqfpiqfM+&vksfMlh&xjok]

HkkjrukVe lax HkkaxM+k jhA

<ksy&e`nax&flrkj&rkuiqjk]
rcyk&oh.kk vk ljksn&cklqjhAA

yfyrdyk es kku vks cku]

gEej Hkkjr nsk egkuAA24AA
xaxk&;equk&ljLorh&lj;w]
d`.kk&xksnkojh vks dkosjhA
cziq= & ueZnk & xkserh]
ckxerh&x.Md vk dkskhAA
jkch&C;kl&>sye dsj kku]
gEej Hkkjr nsk egkuAA25AA
clUr&xzhe&cj[kk chry r]
kjn~&gseUr&fkfkjds U;ksryA
kV~ _rql lekjy nsk gej]

lHk Qy&Qwyl ckx ynyAA

us ik;c bZ n`; drgq vku]
gEej Hkkjr nsk egkuAA26AA
143

eueksgd frjaxk jkV/ot]

food fofkV lqUnj cq>wA
dslfj;k] mTtj vk gfjvj
cfynku] lR; lEink cq>wAA
tx mke jkVxhr vks xku]
gEej Hkkjr nsk egkuAA27AA

2- cfynku
czkiq= vk ije fo.kqHkDr dgkc;oyk
txrikyd n{k iztkifr
fkods dikyh] v?kksjh
vk ufg tkfu dh&dh vikCn dfg
vuknj vk fuUnk djckd
dksuks Vk volj ufg pwd;A
n{k }kjk vk;ksftr ;K es
egknsod euk djckd ckctwn
vkfnkfDrLo:ik lrh t[ku
fir`x`g igqpyhg r
nsokf/knsod vuknj nsf[k
viu kjhj
;ksxkfXu ds lefiZr d,yA
vk rRipkr~
iztkifrd jktizklkn es
Hk;kud phRdkj Hksy
vk ohjHknz vgadkjd xjk dkfV
lagkj d,yA
eqnk rs fd dkyd FkkiM+ l
egkdkyks Lo;a ds cpk ldykg\
fd rRipkr~ ;qx&;qxkUrj /kfj
:nzkorkj jus&cus
ufg ckSvkbr jgykg\
Okk fd egknso ds
egklekf/k l ykSVkc ysy
dkenso ds viu cfy
ufg nse; iM+yfu\
vkfd /;kukH;kl ysy
ekrk ikoZrh eRL;k cfu
eYykg ;ksfu es
tUe ufg ysyfu\
jko.k&dal&fkkqiky r
tUe ysrfg jgSN
,fg /kjrh ij ;nk&dnk

vk viu dqd`R; ,oa vR;kpkj l

lTtu yksdfud thou
nqlg cucSr jgSNA
fgudk lHkd lagkjd ysy
jke vk d`.k lu ;qxiq#k
lsgks ekuo dY;k.k gsrq
ekuo :i es
vorfjr gksbr jgykg vfNA
rs fd ,fg fnO; iq#k yksdfu ds
viu loZLo U;ksNkoj
ufg dj iM+yfu vfN\
vk fd fgudk yksdfud
futh thou
dksuks vck/k ,oa fudaVd
jgyfu vfN\
vkb0,l0vkb0,l0
vtqdk ;qxd uj&fikkp
,d vfr wj vk tYyknh
vkradoknh laxBu
lEiw.kZ ekuorkds
rkj&rkj d,us vfNA
yxSN LrC/k
vk fook vfN nqfu;kA
fNV&QqV] bDdk&nqDdk] NksV&eksV
iz;kl d,y r tk jgy vfN] eqnk
,fg lglzeq[kh ujHk{kh l yM+ck ysy
bZ vi;kZIrs ufg]
fujFkZd lkfcr Hk jgy vfNA
vko;drk vfN]
leLr ekuorkoknh laxBud
,dtqV gks;c
ekuoek=d j{kk ysy
,fg /keZ;q) es
cfynkud ysy
m|r gks;cA
vk rs fd
cfynkud Hk; l
dksuks lqPpk ohj
vk /kjrhiq=
viu dkZO; vk /keZd
dfg;ks ifjR;kx d,yfu vfN\

144

Jh eukst kkf.MY;d nw xksV dfork

1- [ksy&[ksy es

lc D;ks
ck>y vfN
dksuks [ksy es
xNkjy vfN
dksuks [ksy es--

fuk% Hk jgy vfN

Hkkfr&Hkkfr ds [ksy
pk: dkr
tgk&rgk
jax&jax ds [ksy
[ksy&[ksy es [ksy--

D;ks thrr
D;ks gkjr
D;ks ejr
D;ks ekjr
/kfj bZ fufpr
ftuxh vkSukbr jgr
ekuork vkSaVkbr jgr
vksfguk@vusjs
fuk%
[ksy&[ksy es---

fdkgq ufg cq>k;r

ds [ksy jgy vfN
ddjk lax
ds [ksy jgy vfN
ddjk l
ds vfN enkjh] vk
ds ukfp jgy vfN ckuj lu
fdNq ufg cq>k;r
/kfj gksbr jgr [ksy
pySr jgr [ksy--

2- ikFkj

[ksykM+h enek
cq>Sr jgSr vfN ts
oSg Vk ekk jgy vfN [ksy
tsuk krjatd ckth ij
cSly gks ,dlj] vk
I;knk ij I;knk
V&gkFkh&?kksM+k
lcgd ewM+h ncksfp
pyk jgy gks
[klk jgy gks
,dHkxkg [ksy es--

gej bZ kgj
viu uhjlrkd vks<+uk
gejk vks<+k d
gqylSr vfN] vk
cq>Sr vfN
ge Hk xsygq mnkl
gksbr NSd
vks Nhu ysus gks tsuk
gej xedSr vkuUn
djSr vfN upSr
{k.k&Hkaxqj vgkl--

eqnk vfN vks iw.kZr% vufHkK

pfy jgy NSd
vkjks ekfjrs jkl [ksy
tkfg es NSd vksdjks ewM+h /kjk;y
ddjks fFkjdSr gkFk es
/kfj tkcr fdNq cqf> ldr
rkcr /kaxk tk,r
dVk tk,r] vk fd
cVk tk,r] ck
fcdk tk,r
vksfguk@vusjs
[ksy&[ksy es--

vkc ds cq>kc; ,djk

ufg jaxkbr NSd ftuxh
fdNq
vks<+k Hkfj nsyk l
ufg HksVSr NSd kkfUr
eksu
cgyk Hkfj ysyk l-fpkd pfjk gksbr NSd fHkUu
ls dh tku; xsyS
bZ ckyq&lhesaVd Hkoj\
bZ n;ghu ikFkjd kgj!
145

Jherh kkjnk >kd nwxksV dfork

1- fpuckj
Ny lcfnu fuikbr
fpduh ekfV l
Hkksjs&Hkksj] vujks[ks
nqvkfj] vkslkjk vk VkV
Ny ucdhd ,rcs dkt
eVdwM+h es cksfj&cksfj
xqnM+hd Vwd
uhi; lcfnu c euks;ksx l
ts NqfV us tkb dksuks dksu
eqnk rdyd ufg dfg;ks
vIiu eksu
jkf[k nsus Ny tdjk
ifjR;Dr fpuckj ij
vksdj eksud VkV es
NyS vla[; Hkwj
ufg uhi ldy
viu izkjC/kd [kks[kM+y Hkhr
d ufg ldy fpDdu
viu fNk&fHkk thou
Hkkouk] LoIu] izse]
bZ;kZ] R;kx] leiZ.k &
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cq>h lHkBke lHk rjgd yksdlHk HksVrkg ,Egj&vksEgjA
bZ nsf[k&lqfu ge viuk vkids cq>kcS&, yxygqAA
vfN nqfu;knkjh dsj b,g jhfr&uhfr vk ijEijk cq>hA
rs gegq viuk ds ,fg lalkj es jgck ysy fook HksygqAA

2
jgh dksuk thch dksuk ,fg nqxZe lalkj esA
uhd yksd rdus ufg vkc HksVSr vfN lalkj esAA
tsEgj ns[kh rsEgj ns[kSr Nh epy ?kksj vkkfUrA
kkfUr dsj tsuk ek= uke Vk vfN lalkj esAA
Ny dh iwoZdky es bZ nqfu;k tsuk gks LoxZ tdkA
eqnk vkc ?kksj ujd l vkxk fLFkfr ,fg lalkj esAA
ufg gSr iw.kZ :is lq/kkj euqD[kd ftuxh es vkcA
dkj.k ts foosd ufg vfN ckpy vkc lalkj esAA
^foocU/kq* i<+yfu drsdks bfrgkl&iqjk.k&lkfgR;A
eqnk iwoZ tdk fLFkfr vfN dgk\ ,fg lalkj esAA
150

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SAMRIDDHI INDIA DEVELOPERS

VAIDEHI NIVAS
@ Bhongir

Plot No. 67, Road No. 1, Mamata Nagar Colony, Nagole,

Hyderabad - 500 068. Ph. 040 - 2422 9999

# 3-5-874/A, 1st Floor, Vipanchi Commercial Complex

Near Old MLA Qtrs, Hyderguda, Hyderabad - 500 029
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