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Dowtherm A
Dowtherm A
DOWTHERM A
Heat Transfer Fluid
NOTE: SYLTHERM heat transfer fluids are manufactured by Dow Corning Corporation and distributed by The Dow Chemical Company.
Printed in U.S.A.
Figure 19 Pressure Drop vs. Flow Rate of DOWTHERM A Vapor Inside Schedule 40 Pipe (SI Units)
CONTENTS
1000
60
40
VE
LO
CI
TY
(m
/se
c
20
100
15
0m
m
10
0m
75
mm
50
mm
38
mm
25
mm
10
10
1
0.04
0.1
Flow Rate, kg/sec
Temperature Correction
Multiplier Factor
10
Factor
0.1
0.01
150
30
200
250
300
Temperature, C
350
400
10
Properties
Physical Properties..................................................................... 15
Liquid Saturation Properties
English Units ................................................................ 16
SI Units ........................................................................ 17
Vapor Saturation Properties
English Units ................................................................ 18
SI Units ........................................................................ 19
Expansion of Liquid ................................................................... 20
Liquid Properties ....................................................................... 21
Water Saturation ....................................................................... 22
Pressure Drop vs. Enthalpy
English Units ................................................................ 23
SI Units ........................................................................ 24
Liquid Film Coefficient
English Units ................................................................ 25
SI Units ........................................................................ 26
Engineering Data
Pressure Drop vs. Flow Rate of Liquid
English Units ................................................................ 27
SI Units ........................................................................ 28
Pressure Drop vs. Flow Rate for Vapors
English Units ................................................................ 29
SI Units ........................................................................ 30
Unsurpassed Thermal
Stability and Efficiency
with Technical Backup
and Support to Match
DOWTHERM A fluid, which has
been employed in industrial heat
transfer systems for over 60 years,
is the preferred product for a wide
range of indirect heat transfer
applications. It is stable, does not
decompose readily at high temperatures, and can be used effectively
in either liquid or vapor phase
systems.
Figure 18 Pressure Drop vs. Flow Rate of DOWTHERM A Vapor Inside Schedule 40 Pipe (English Units)
150
3"
(ft
/se
c)
2"
11
/2"
180
1"
100
TY
90
4"
10
6"
VE
LO
CI
DOWTHERM A
HEAT TRANSFER FLUIDS
30
0.1
0.3
10
100
To learn more about the full line of Dow Heat Transfer Fluids
including D OWTHERM synthetic organic, SYLTHERM silicone
and D OWTHERM, D OWFROST*, and D OWCAL* glycol-based
fluidsrequest our product line guide. Call the number for
your area listed on the back of this brochure.
Temperature Correction
Multiplier Factor
10
Factor
0.1
400
500
600
Temperature, F
700
800
29
Figure 17Pressure Drop vs. Flow Rate of DOWTHERM A Fluid Inside Pipes and Tubes (SI Units)
FLUID SELECTION
CRITERIA
1000
25
mm
mm
ED
LE
40
PI
PE
mm
50
38
mm
SC
100
mm
150
mm
75
100
2. Vapor Pressure
16
18 BWG,
BW
1
G, 2 mm
12
mm
sec
Y, m
/
CIT
ZE
LO
SI
1.5
VE
BE
14
16 BWG
BW , 2
G, 5 mm
25
mm
TU
2.5
14
16 BWG
BW , 19
G,
19 mm
mm
10
3. Freeze Point
0.5
1
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
Flow Rate, m3/sec
Temperature Correction
Multiplier Factor
1.6
1.5
0.01
Thermal Stability
0.1
Chemical Contamination
A primary concern regarding chemical contaminants in a heat transfer
fluid system is their relatively poor
thermal stability at elevated temperatures. The thermal degradation of
chemical contaminants may be very
rapid which may lead to fouling of
heat transfer surfaces and corrosion
of system components. The severity
and nature of the corrosion will
depend upon the amount and type
of contaminant introduced into the
system.
Air Oxidation
Organic heat transfer fluids operated
at elevated temperatures are susceptible to air oxidation. The degree
of oxidation and the rate of reaction
are dependent upon the chemical
structure of the heat transfer fluid
as well as the temperature and the
degree of mixing. Undesirable byproducts of this reaction may include
carboxylic acids which would likely
result in system operating problems.
Preventive measures should be taken
to ensure that air is eliminated from
the system prior to bringing the heat
transfer fluid up to operating temperatures. A positive pressure inert gas
blanket should be maintained at all
times on the expansion tank during
system operation.
1.4
Factor
1.3
1.2
1.1
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Temperature, C
28
32
24
Test Data
Inlet Temp., F (C)
Outlet Temp., F (C)
Velocity at Tube Inlet,
ft/sec (m/sec)
Heat Flux, Btu/hr/ft2
(W/m2)
Avg. Tube Temp.,F (C)
% Vaporization by Volume
% Vaporization by Weight
1
2
3
4
790 (421) 790 (421) 709 (376) 704 (373)
806 (430) 791 (422) 710 (377) 715 (379)
2 (0.61)
14 (4.3)
15,000
47,325
844 (451)
48
6.8
15,000
10,000
47,325
31,550
804 (429) 716 (380)
26
27
2.7
1.4
14 (4.3)
2 (0.61)
10,000
31,550
722 (383)
29
1.6
/4"
,
/4" 14
, 1 BW
6B G
W
G
SIZ
10
11/2
"
SC
HE
DU
LE
40
PIP
4"
3"
2"
3
6"
BE
1"
1" , 14
, 1 BW
6B G
W
G
1"
CI
TY
Corrosivity
TU
(ft
/se
c
10
1
/2"
/2" , 16
,1 B
8 WG
BW
G
100
2
1
0.1
Construction Material
Contaminant
Chloride
Sulfur
Ammonia
10
100
1000
16
1.4
(1)
1.3
Factor
40
Figure 16Pressure Drop vs. Flow Rate of DOWTHERM A Fluid Inside Pipes and Tubes (English Units)
LO
Radiation Stability
VE
(2)
8
1.2
1.1
1
(3 & 4)
0
0.8
Time
0.9
0.7
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Temperature, F
27
Figure 15Liquid Film Coefficient for DOWTHERM A Fluid Inside Pipes and Tubes (SI Units)
10000
Flammability
TUBE S
IZE
16
18 BW
BW G,
G, 12
12 mm
mm
14
16 BW
BW G,
G, 19
19 mm
mm
14
16 BW
BW G,
G, 25
25 mm
mm
3
2.5
VE
LO
CI
TY
15
0m
m
SCHE
DULE
40 PIP
E
10
0m
m
75
mm
50
mm
1000
38
mm
(m
/se
c)
1.5
25
mm
Film Coefficient,W/m2 K
0.5
W/(m2)(K)=[Btu/(hr)(ft2)(F)](5.678)
100
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
Temperature Correction
Multiplier Factor
1.1
~!
m
Nu = 0.027 Re0.8PR13 m
w
Factor
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.14
Chart based on
~!
m 0.14
=1
mw
Note: The values in this graph are based on the viscosity of fluid as supplied.
0.6
0.5
0.4
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Temperature, C
26
1 1/2
"
LE 4
0 PIP
6"
EDU
4"
SCH
3"
1",
1", 14 B
16 WG
BW
G
(ft
/se
c)
OC
IT
Y
4
2"
1"
VE
L
10
E SIZ
3
/4
3 ",
/4"
1000
TUB
14
, 16 BW
BW G
G
1
, 186 BW
BW G
G
Figure 14Liquid Film Coefficient for DOWTHERM A Fluid Inside Pipes and Tubes (English Units)
1
/2
1 ",
/2"
Advantages of Vapor
Phase Heating with
DOWTHERM A Fluid
W/(m2)(K)=[Btu/(hr)(ft2)(F)](5.678)
100
1
10
100
1000
1
0.9
Factor
0.8
0.7
0.6
~!
m
Nu = 0.027 Re0.8PR13 m
w
0.14
Chart based on
~!
m 0.14
=1
mw
Note: The values in this graph are based on the viscosity of fluid as supplied.
0.5
0.4
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Temperature, F
25
Figure 13 Calculated Pressure vs. Enthalpy for DOWTHERM A Fluid (SI Units)
300
2.7
2.8
250C
2.9
500
D T for Liquid, F
400
275C
3.0
300C
Entropy, kJ/kg K
10
600
3.1
325C
350C
3.2
Sa
3.3
ate
3.4
tur
Enthalpy, kJ/kg
700
375C
10
(lb/hr Liquid)/(lb/hr Vapor)
100
iqu
dL
id
1.5
400C
800
1.0
3.5
0.6
60
425C
ted
ra
tu
Sa
900
po
Va
3.6
3.0
3.7
D T for Liquid, C
1000
Density, kg/m3
3.8
10.0
25.0
6.0
10
1100
50.0
3.9
1200
10
100
1000
Pressure, kPa
3000
1
1
10
100
24
Loading
Pump
Cond.
Storage Tank
and Panel Coil
LI
TIC
Snuffing Stm.
Fuel Gas
PCV
PSL
Atm.
Vent
PI
PI
PSH
To Pilot Light
BE
BC
BA
1
TIC
7
FRC
LSL
LA / L
Heat Exchanger
#1
PRV
PCV
LI
TIC
Vent Header
FI
Jacket Loop
Circulating Pump
TIC
Enthalpy Btu/lb
Expansion
Tank
PRV
Process Fluid
Vent
Heating Loop
Circulating Pump
Spare Pump
Heater for
DOWTHERM Fluid
TSH
FSL
Vent
0.02
420
440
1
Density, lb/cu ft
360
po
Va
Process Tank
Vent
LC
PIC
Steam Generator
PI
Cooling Loop
Circulating Pump
FI
Steam Condensate
Pump
TIC
Heating or
Cooling Process
Steam
PRV
Stm. Hdr.
Heat Exchanger
#2
PRV
Process Fluid
(375F) (191C)
Vent
(380F) (193C)
240
300
0.07
0.84
380
0.94
ed
TRC
220
rat
tu
340
Sa
200
0.78
0.4
0.04
0.1
400
uid
Liq
280
ed
rat
BA Burner Alarm
BC Burner Control
BE Burner Element (Fire-Eye)
FI Flow Indicator (Orifice)
FRC Flow Recording Controller
FSL Flow Switch Low
LAH/L Level AlarmHigh/Low
LI Level Indicator
LC Level Controller
LSL Level Switch Low
PCV Pressure Control Valve
PI Pressure Indicator
PIC Pressure Indicating Controller
PRV Pressure Relief Valve
PSH Pressure Switch High
0.76
u
Sat
Heating
Media
PSL
TIC
TRC
TSH
Instrument Legend
10
Steam
Condensate
LC
0.68
0.70
520F
0.72
Entropy, Btu/lb F
560F
0.74
260
600F
0.88
460
10
640F
0.80
680F
320
0.82
720F
760F
0.2
800F
0.86
0.7
3.0
0.90
1.0
0.92
1.5
2.0
480
Pressure, psia
100
500
23
50
22
100
150
50
200
250
1000000
100000
Temperature, C
100
1000
100
Temperature, F
300
350
150
400
1000
100
200
Vaporizers for DOWTHERM A fluid utilize both natural and forced circulation.
A pump is required where there is insufficient elevation between vaporizer
and heat user to return condensate by gravity.
Hand-throttled bypass required to prevent pump heat-up.
A
B
10000
BA Burner Alarm
BC Burner Control
BE Burner Element (Fire-Eye)
FI Flow Indicator (Orifice)
FRC Flow Recording Controller
FSL Flow Switch Low
LAH/L Level AlarmHigh/Low
LI Level Indicator
LC Level Controller
LSL Level Switch Low
PCV Pressure Control Valve
PI Pressure Indicator
PIC Pressure Indicating Controller
PRV Pressure Relief Valve
PSH Pressure Switch High
PSL
TIC
TRC
TSH
Instrument Legend
1000000
10000
11
10
0.06
0.05
0.04
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Temperature, F
Viscosity, cP
0.07
10
1
0.1
0.01
200
0.1
300
400
500
600
700
800
Temperature, F
Specific Heat
70
0.7
65
60
55
50
45
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
40
0
Temperature, F
Vapor Pressure
0.14
Viscosity
10
0.13
0.11
0.09
0.07
0
100
200
300
Temperature, C
Density
0.1
0.01
150
400
20
10
200
250
300
350
Temperature, C
400
0.1
0
Specific Heat
1100
2.9
1000
900
800
700
600
0
100
200
Temperature, C
12
Viscosity
300
100
Density
Vapor Pressure
0.085
0.08
Thermal Conductivity
Density, lb/ft3
Health Considerations
Density, kg/m3
HEALTH AND
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONSIDERATIONS
300
400
2.7
2.3
1.9
1.5
0
100
200
300
400
Temperature, C
21
Environmental
Considerations
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
300
350
400
Temperature, F
1.5
Expanded Volume, m3
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1
50
100
150
200
250
Temperature, C
20
13
14
VAPOR
LIQUID LATENT VAPOR
VAPOR
VAPOR
VAPOR
PRESSURE ENTHALPY HEAT ENTHALPY DENSITY VISCOSITY THERMAL
COND.
bar
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
kg/m3
mPa sec
W/mK
12
15
20
25
30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.0
4.9
13.1
21.3
29.5
409.0
407.2
404.4
401.5
398.8
409.0
412.1
417.4
422.8
428.3
35
40
45
50
55
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
37.7
46.0
54.4
62.7
71.2
396.1
393.4
390.9
388.3
385.8
433.8
439.5
445.2
451.0
457.0
60
65
70
75
80
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
79.6
88.1
96.7
105.3
114.0
383.4
380.9
378.6
376.2
373.9
85
90
95
100
105
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
122.7
131.5
140.3
149.2
158.1
110
115
120
125
130
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
135
140
145
150
155
ZVAPOR
SPECIFIC
RATIO
HEAT OF SPECIFIC
(cp)
HEATS
kJ/kg K
cp/cv
0.0053
0.0054
0.0055
0.0056
0.0057
0.0074
0.0075
0.0078
0.0081
0.0084
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.032
1.044
1.062
1.081
1.100
1.050
1.050
1.050
1.049
1.048
0.0011
0.0015
0.0021
0.0058
0.0059
0.0060
0.0061
0.0062
0.0086
0.0089
0.0092
0.0095
0.0098
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.118
1.137
1.155
1.173
1.191
1.047
1.046
1.045
1.045
1.044
463.0
469.1
475.2
481.5
487.9
0.0029
0.0040
0.0053
0.0072
0.0095
0.0062
0.0063
0.0064
0.0065
0.0066
0.0101
0.0104
0.0107
0.0110
0.0113
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.209
1.227
1.245
1.262
1.280
1.043
1.043
1.042
1.041
1.041
371.6
369.4
367.1
364.9
362.7
494.3
500.8
507.4
514.1
520.9
0.0125
0.0162
0.0210
0.0268
0.0341
0.0067
0.0068
0.0069
0.0070
0.0071
0.0116
0.0120
0.0123
0.0126
0.0129
1.000
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.999
1.297
1.315
1.332
1.349
1.366
1.040
1.040
1.039
1.039
1.038
167.1
176.2
185.4
194.6
203.8
360.6
358.4
356.3
354.1
352.0
527.7
534.6
541.6
548.7
555.9
0.0430
0.0538
0.0669
0.0826
0.1013
0.0072
0.0073
0.0074
0.0075
0.0076
0.0133
0.0136
0.0139
0.0143
0.0146
0.999
0.999
0.998
0.998
0.998
1.382
1.399
1.416
1.432
1.448
1.038
1.037
1.037
1.037
1.036
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
213.2
222.6
232.1
241.6
251.2
349.9
347.8
345.7
343.6
341.5
563.1
570.4
577.8
585.2
592.7
0.1235
0.1498
0.1806
0.2165
0.2583
0.0077
0.0078
0.0078
0.0079
0.0080
0.0149
0.0153
0.0156
0.0160
0.0163
0.997
0.997
0.996
0.995
0.995
1.464
1.481
1.497
1.512
1.528
1.036
1.036
1.035
1.035
1.035
160
165
170
175
180
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.11
0.13
260.9
270.7
280.5
290.4
300.4
339.4
337.3
335.2
333.1
331.0
600.3
608.0
615.7
623.5
631.3
0.3065
0.3621
0.4257
0.4984
0.5809
0.0081
0.0082
0.0083
0.0084
0.0085
0.0167
0.0170
0.0174
0.0178
0.0181
0.994
0.993
0.992
0.991
0.990
1.544
1.560
1.575
1.590
1.606
1.035
1.035
1.034
1.034
1.034
185
190
195
200
205
0.15
0.18
0.21
0.24
0.28
310.4
320.5
330.7
340.9
351.2
328.8
326.7
324.6
322.4
320.2
639.2
647.2
655.2
663.3
671.5
0.6744
0.7798
0.8984
1.031
1.179
0.0086
0.0087
0.0088
0.0089
0.0090
0.0185
0.0189
0.0192
0.0196
0.0200
0.988
0.987
0.985
0.984
0.982
1.621
1.636
1.651
1.666
1.681
1.034
1.034
1.034
1.034
1.034
210
215
220
225
230
0.32
0.37
0.42
0.48
0.54
361.6
372.1
382.6
393.2
403.9
318.0
315.8
313.6
311.4
309.1
679.7
687.9
696.2
704.6
713.0
1.344
1.528
1.730
1.954
2.201
0.0091
0.0092
0.0093
0.0094
0.0095
0.0204
0.0207
0.0211
0.0215
0.0219
0.980
0.978
0.975
0.973
0.970
1.696
1.711
1.726
1.741
1.755
1.034
1.034
1.034
1.034
1.034
235
240
245
250
255
0.61
0.69
0.77
0.87
0.97
414.6
425.4
436.3
447.2
458.2
306.8
304.5
302.1
299.8
297.4
721.4
729.9
738.4
747.0
755.6
2.471
2.768
3.092
3.446
3.831
0.0096
0.0097
0.0098
0.0099
0.0100
0.0223
0.0227
0.0231
0.0234
0.0238
0.967
0.964
0.961
0.958
0.954
1.770
1.785
1.799
1.814
1.829
1.035
1.035
1.035
1.036
1.036
257.1
260
265
270
275
1.01
1.08
1.20
1.33
1.48
462.9
469.3
480.5
491.7
503.0
296.4
294.9
292.5
290.0
287.5
759.2
764.3
773.0
781.7
790.4
4.003
4.250
4.704
5.196
5.727
0.0100
0.0101
0.0102
0.0103
0.0104
0.0240
0.0242
0.0246
0.0250
0.0254
0.953
0.951
0.947
0.942
0.938
1.835
1.843
1.858
1.872
1.887
1.036
1.036
1.037
1.037
1.038
280
285
290
295
300
1.63
1.80
1.98
2.17
2.38
514.3
525.8
537.3
548.8
560.5
284.9
282.3
279.6
277.0
274.2
799.2
808.1
816.9
825.8
834.7
6.301
6.920
7.586
8.302
9.071
0.0105
0.0106
0.0107
0.0108
0.0109
0.0258
0.0263
0.0267
0.0271
0.0275
0.934
0.929
0.924
0.919
0.913
1.902
1.916
1.931
1.946
1.961
1.038
1.039
1.040
1.041
1.042
305
310
315
320
325
2.60
2.84
3.10
3.37
3.66
572.2
583.9
595.8
607.7
619.7
271.5
268.6
265.8
262.8
259.8
843.6
852.6
861.5
870.5
879.5
9.896
10.78
11.73
12.74
13.82
0.0110
0.0111
0.0113
0.0114
0.0115
0.0279
0.0283
0.0287
0.0292
0.0296
0.908
0.902
0.896
0.889
0.883
1.976
1.991
2.006
2.021
2.036
1.042
1.044
1.045
1.046
1.047
330
335
340
345
350
3.96
4.29
4.64
5.00
5.39
631.7
643.9
656.1
668.4
680.7
256.8
253.7
250.5
247.3
244.0
888.6
897.6
906.6
915.7
924.7
14.98
16.21
17.53
18.93
20.43
0.0116
0.0117
0.0119
0.0120
0.0121
0.0300
0.0304
0.0309
0.0313
0.0317
0.876
0.869
0.862
0.854
0.846
2.052
2.068
2.084
2.100
2.116
1.048
1.050
1.052
1.053
1.055
355
360
365
370
375
5.80
6.24
6.69
7.18
7.68
693.1
705.7
718.2
730.9
743.7
240.6
237.2
233.6
230.0
226.3
933.8
942.8
951.9
960.9
970.0
22.03
23.73
25.54
27.47
29.53
0.0122
0.0124
0.0125
0.0126
0.0128
0.0322
0.0326
0.0331
0.0335
0.0340
0.838
0.830
0.821
0.812
0.803
2.133
2.150
2.168
2.186
2.204
1.057
1.060
1.062
1.065
1.068
380
385
390
395
400
8.22
8.78
9.37
9.99
10.64
756.5
769.4
782.4
795.5
808.7
222.5
218.6
214.5
210.4
206.1
979.0
988.0
997.0
1005.9
1014.8
31.73
34.07
36.58
39.25
42.11
0.0129
0.0131
0.0132
0.0134
0.0136
0.0344
0.0349
0.0354
0.0358
0.0363
0.793
0.783
0.773
0.762
0.751
2.224
2.244
2.264
2.286
2.309
1.071
1.075
1.079
1.083
1.088
405
410
415
420
425
11.32
12.03
12.78
13.56
14.38
822.0
835.4
848.9
862.5
876.3
201.7
197.1
192.4
187.5
182.3
1023.7
1032.5
1041.3
1050.0
1058.6
45.17
48.45
51.98
55.77
59.86
0.0138
0.0139
0.0141
0.0143
0.0145
0.0368
0.0373
0.0378
0.0383
0.0388
0.740
0.728
0.715
0.703
0.689
2.333
2.359
2.387
2.417
2.450
1.094
1.100
1.107
1.115
1.125
19
VAPOR
LIQUID LATENT VAPOR
VAPOR
VAPOR
PRESSURE ENTHALPY HEAT ENTHALPY DENSITY VISCOSITY
Btu/lb
lb/ft3
cP
VAPOR
ZVAPOR
THERMAL
COND.
Btu/hr ft2(F/ft)
SPECIFIC
RATIO
HEAT OF SPECIFIC
(cp)
HEATS
Btu/lb F
cp/cv
psia
Btu/lb
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.0
2.5
6.4
10.3
14.3
176.0
175.1
173.7
172.3
171.0
176.0
177.6
180.1
182.7
185.3
0.0053
0.0054
0.0055
0.0056
0.0057
0.0043
0.0044
0.0046
0.0047
0.0049
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.247
0.250
0.255
0.260
0.265
1.051
1.050
1.049
1.048
1.047
100
110
120
130
140
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.005
0.007
18.2
22.2
26.2
30.2
34.3
169.8
168.5
167.3
166.1
164.9
188.0
190.7
193.5
196.3
199.2
0.0001
0.0002
0.0058
0.0059
0.0060
0.0061
0.0062
0.0051
0.0053
0.0055
0.0056
0.0058
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.270
0.275
0.279
0.284
0.289
1.047
1.046
1.045
1.044
1.043
150
160
170
180
190
0.010
0.014
0.020
0.028
0.038
38.3
42.4
46.5
50.7
54.9
163.8
162.6
161.5
160.4
159.3
202.1
205.1
208.1
211.1
214.2
0.0003
0.0004
0.0005
0.0007
0.0009
0.0064
0.0065
0.0066
0.0067
0.0068
0.0060
0.0062
0.0064
0.0066
0.0068
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.294
0.298
0.303
0.308
0.312
1.043
1.042
1.041
1.041
1.040
200
210
220
230
240
0.051
0.069
0.091
0.120
0.16
59.1
63.3
67.6
71.9
76.2
158.3
157.2
156.2
155.1
154.1
217.3
220.5
223.8
227.0
230.3
0.0012
0.0016
0.0021
0.0027
0.0034
0.0069
0.0070
0.0071
0.0072
0.0073
0.0070
0.0072
0.0075
0.0077
0.0079
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.317
0.321
0.326
0.330
0.335
1.039
1.039
1.038
1.038
1.037
250
260
270
280
290
0.20
0.26
0.33
0.41
0.51
80.6
85.0
89.5
94.0
98.5
153.1
152.0
151.0
150.0
149.0
233.7
237.1
240.5
244.0
247.5
0.0044
0.0055
0.0069
0.0086
0.0106
0.0074
0.0075
0.0076
0.0077
0.0078
0.0081
0.0083
0.0085
0.0087
0.0090
0.998
0.998
0.997
0.997
0.996
0.339
0.344
0.348
0.352
0.356
1.037
1.037
1.036
1.036
1.036
300
310
320
330
340
0.64
0.78
0.96
1.17
1.41
103.0
107.6
112.2
116.9
121.6
148.0
147.0
146.0
145.0
144.0
251.1
254.6
258.3
261.9
265.6
0.0130
0.0158
0.0191
0.0230
0.0275
0.0079
0.0080
0.0081
0.0082
0.0083
0.0092
0.0094
0.0097
0.0099
0.0101
0.996
0.995
0.994
0.993
0.992
0.361
0.365
0.369
0.373
0.377
1.035
1.035
1.035
1.035
1.034
350
360
370
380
390
1.70
2.03
2.42
2.87
3.38
126.4
131.1
135.9
140.8
145.7
143.0
142.0
141.0
139.9
138.9
269.3
273.1
276.9
280.7
284.6
0.0328
0.0388
0.0457
0.0535
0.0624
0.0084
0.0086
0.0087
0.0088
0.0089
0.0103
0.0106
0.0108
0.0111
0.0113
0.990
0.989
0.988
0.986
0.984
0.381
0.385
0.389
0.393
0.397
1.034
1.034
1.034
1.034
1.034
400
410
420
430
440
3.96
4.63
5.38
6.23
7.19
150.6
155.6
160.6
165.6
170.7
137.9
136.8
135.8
134.7
133.6
288.5
292.4
296.3
300.3
304.3
0.0725
0.0839
0.0967
0.1110
0.1270
0.0090
0.0091
0.0092
0.0093
0.0094
0.0115
0.0118
0.0120
0.0123
0.0125
0.982
0.980
0.977
0.975
0.972
0.401
0.405
0.409
0.413
0.417
1.034
1.034
1.034
1.034
1.034
450
460
470
480
490
8.25
9.45
10.78
12.25
13.87
175.8
180.9
186.1
191.4
196.6
132.5
131.4
130.3
129.2
128.0
308.3
312.4
316.4
320.5
324.7
0.1447
0.1644
0.1861
0.2100
0.2364
0.0095
0.0096
0.0097
0.0098
0.0100
0.0128
0.0130
0.0133
0.0135
0.0138
0.969
0.966
0.962
0.959
0.955
0.421
0.425
0.429
0.433
0.437
1.035
1.035
1.035
1.035
1.036
494.8
500
510
520
530
14.71
15.66
17.63
19.79
22.15
199.1
201.9
207.2
212.6
218.0
127.5
126.9
125.7
124.5
123.3
326.6
328.8
332.9
337.1
341.3
0.2499
0.2653
0.2969
0.3315
0.3692
0.0100
0.0101
0.0102
0.0103
0.0104
0.0139
0.0140
0.0143
0.0145
0.0148
0.953
0.951
0.946
0.942
0.937
0.438
0.441
0.444
0.448
0.452
1.036
1.036
1.037
1.037
1.038
540
550
560
570
580
24.72
27.51
30.54
33.83
37.37
223.5
228.9
234.5
240.0
245.6
122.1
120.8
119.5
118.2
116.9
345.5
349.7
354.0
358.2
362.5
0.4102
0.4547
0.5030
0.5554
0.6119
0.0105
0.0107
0.0108
0.0109
0.0110
0.0150
0.0153
0.0156
0.0158
0.0161
0.932
0.926
0.920
0.914
0.908
0.456
0.460
0.464
0.468
0.472
1.039
1.040
1.040
1.041
1.042
590
600
610
620
630
41.20
45.31
49.73
54.47
59.53
251.2
256.9
262.6
268.3
274.1
115.6
114.2
112.8
111.4
109.9
366.8
371.1
375.4
379.7
384.0
0.6730
0.7389
0.8099
0.8864
0.9686
0.0111
0.0113
0.0114
0.0115
0.0117
0.0164
0.0166
0.0169
0.0172
0.0175
0.902
0.895
0.888
0.880
0.873
0.476
0.480
0.484
0.488
0.492
1.044
1.045
1.046
1.048
1.049
640
650
660
670
680
64.95
70.73
76.89
83.44
90.40
279.9
285.8
291.7
297.6
303.6
108.4
106.9
105.3
103.7
102.0
388.3
392.6
397.0
401.3
405.6
1.057
1.152
1.254
1.364
1.481
0.0118
0.0119
0.0121
0.0122
0.0124
0.0177
0.0180
0.0183
0.0186
0.0189
0.865
0.857
0.848
0.839
0.830
0.496
0.501
0.505
0.509
0.514
1.051
1.053
1.055
1.057
1.060
690
700
710
720
730
97.79
105.6
113.9
122.7
131.9
309.6
315.7
321.8
327.9
334.1
100.3
98.6
96.8
95.0
93.1
409.9
414.3
418.6
422.9
427.2
1.608
1.743
1.888
2.045
2.213
0.0125
0.0127
0.0128
0.0130
0.0132
0.0191
0.0194
0.0197
0.0200
0.0203
0.820
0.810
0.799
0.789
0.777
0.519
0.523
0.528
0.534
0.539
1.062
1.066
1.069
1.073
1.077
740
750
760
770
780
790
800
141.7
152.0
162.9
174.4
186.4
199.1
212.5
340.4
346.7
353.0
359.4
365.9
372.4
379.0
91.1
89.1
87.0
84.8
82.5
80.2
77.7
431.5
435.7
440.0
444.2
448.4
452.5
456.7
2.394
2.588
2.798
3.025
3.270
3.537
3.827
0.0134
0.0135
0.0137
0.0139
0.0142
0.0144
0.0146
0.0206
0.0209
0.0212
0.0215
0.0219
0.0222
0.0225
0.766
0.754
0.741
0.728
0.714
0.700
0.685
0.545
0.551
0.557
0.564
0.571
0.579
0.588
1.082
1.087
1.093
1.100
1.108
1.117
1.128
53.6
60
70
80
90
Btu/lb
English Units
SI Units
......................................... 494.8F
........................................ 257.1C
Freezing Point
........................................... 53.6F
.......................................... 12.0C
............................................ 236F
........................................... 113C
............................................ 245F
........................................... 118C
.......................................... 1110F
........................................... 599C
Density at 75F
.......................................... 6.63%
........................................... 7.10%
Heat of Fusion
Specific Resistivity
frequency 103
............................................... 3.26
............................................... 3.26
frequency 104
............................................... 3.27
............................................... 3.27
frequency 105
............................................... 3.27
............................................... 3.27
frequency 103
........................................... 0.0012
........................................... 0.0012
frequency 104
........................................... 0.0001
........................................... 0.0001
frequency 105
........................................... 0.0001
........................................... 0.0001
Critical Temperature
............................................ 927F
........................................... 497C
Critical Pressure
Critical Volume
Heat of Combustion
..................................36,053 kJ/kg
............................................ 166.0
18
15
TEMP VAPOR VISCOSITY SPECIFIC THERMAL DENSITY TEMP VAPOR VISCOSITY SPECIFIC THERMAL DENSITY
PRESS.
HEAT
COND.
PRESS.
HEAT
COND.
F
psia
cP
Btu/lb F Btu/hr ft2(F/ft)
lb/ft3
F
psia
cP
Btu/lb F Btu/hr ft2(F/ft)
lb/ft3
53.6
60
70
80
90
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
5.52
4.91
4.15
3.55
3.07
0.370
0.373
0.377
0.380
0.384
0.0809
0.0805
0.0800
0.0795
0.0790
66.54
66.37
66.10
65.82
65.55
440
450
460
470
480
7.19
8.25
9.45
10.78
12.25
0.33
0.32
0.30
0.29
0.28
0.515
0.518
0.522
0.526
0.529
0.0610
0.0605
0.0600
0.0595
0.0590
55.06
54.72
54.38
54.04
53.70
100
110
120
130
140
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.005
0.007
2.69
2.38
2.12
1.90
1.72
0.388
0.392
0.396
0.399
0.403
0.0785
0.0780
0.0775
0.0769
0.0764
65.28
65.00
64.72
64.44
64.16
490
494.8
500
510
520
13.87
14.71
15.66
17.63
19.79
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.26
0.25
0.533
0.535
0.537
0.540
0.544
0.0585
0.0582
0.0579
0.0574
0.0569
53.35
53.18
53.00
52.65
52.29
150
160
170
180
190
0.010
0.014
0.020
0.028
0.038
1.57
1.43
1.32
1.22
1.13
0.407
0.411
0.414
0.418
0.422
0.0759
0.0754
0.0749
0.0744
0.0739
63.88
63.60
63.32
63.03
62.75
530
540
550
560
570
22.15
24.72
27.51
30.54
33.83
0.24
0.23
0.23
0.22
0.21
0.548
0.552
0.555
0.559
0.563
0.0564
0.0559
0.0554
0.0549
0.0543
51.93
51.57
51.20
50.82
50.45
200
210
220
230
240
0.051
0.069
0.091
0.120
0.16
1.05
0.98
0.92
0.86
0.81
0.426
0.429
0.433
0.437
0.441
0.0733
0.0728
0.0723
0.0718
0.0713
62.46
62.17
61.88
61.59
61.30
580
590
600
610
620
37.37
41.20
45.31
49.73
54.47
0.21
0.20
0.19
0.19
0.18
0.567
0.571
0.575
0.579
0.583
0.0538
0.0533
0.0528
0.0523
0.0518
50.07
49.68
49.29
48.89
48.49
250
260
270
280
290
0.20
0.26
0.33
0.41
0.51
0.76
0.72
0.68
0.65
0.62
0.444
0.448
0.452
0.456
0.459
0.0708
0.0703
0.0698
0.0692
0.0687
61.00
60.71
60.41
60.11
59.81
630
640
650
660
670
59.53
64.95
70.73
76.89
83.44
0.18
0.17
0.17
0.16
0.16
0.587
0.591
0.595
0.599
0.604
0.0513
0.0508
0.0502
0.0497
0.0492
48.08
47.67
47.25
46.82
46.39
300
310
320
330
340
0.64
0.78
0.96
1.17
1.41
0.59
0.56
0.53
0.51
0.49
0.463
0.467
0.470
0.474
0.478
0.0682
0.0677
0.0672
0.0667
0.0662
59.51
59.20
58.90
58.59
58.28
680
690
700
710
720
90.40
97.79
105.6
113.9
122.7
0.15
0.15
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.608
0.613
0.617
0.622
0.627
0.0487
0.0482
0.0477
0.0472
0.0466
45.94
45.49
45.03
44.56
44.08
350
360
370
380
390
1.70
2.03
2.42
2.87
3.38
0.47
0.45
0.43
0.41
0.40
0.481
0.485
0.489
0.492
0.496
0.0656
0.0651
0.0646
0.0641
0.0636
57.97
57.65
57.34
57.02
56.70
730
740
750
760
770
131.9
141.7
152.0
162.9
174.4
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.633
0.638
0.644
0.651
0.658
0.0461
0.0456
0.0451
0.0446
0.0441
43.59
43.09
42.57
42.04
41.49
400
410
420
430
3.96
4.63
5.38
6.23
0.38
0.37
0.35
0.34
0.500
0.503
0.507
0.511
0.0631
0.0626
0.0620
0.0615
56.37
56.05
55.72
55.39
780
790
800
186.4
199.1
212.5
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.665
0.673
0.682
0.0436
0.0430
0.0425
40.93
40.34
39.74
16
TEMP VAPOR VISCOSITY SPECIFIC THERMAL DENSITY TEMP VAPOR VISCOSITY SPECIFIC THERMAL DENSITY
PRESS.
HEAT
COND.
PRESS.
HEAT
COND.
C
bar
mPa sec
kJ/kg K
W/mK
kg/m3
C
bar
mPa sec
kJ/kg K
W/mK
kg/m3
12
15
20
25
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
5.52
5.00
4.29
3.71
1.550
1.558
1.573
1.587
0.1400
0.1395
0.1387
0.1379
1065.9
1063.5
1059.6
1055.7
225
230
235
240
0.48
0.54
0.61
0.69
0.33
0.32
0.31
0.30
2.148
2.162
2.176
2.190
0.1059
0.1051
0.1043
0.1035
883.5
878.7
873.8
868.9
30
35
40
45
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.25
2.87
2.56
2.30
1.601
1.616
1.630
1.644
0.1371
0.1363
0.1355
0.1347
1051.7
1047.8
1043.8
1039.8
245
250
255
257.1
0.77
0.87
0.97
1.01
0.29
0.28
0.27
0.27
2.204
2.218
2.231
2.237
0.1027
0.1019
0.1011
0.1008
864.0
859.0
854.0
851.9
50
55
60
65
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.07
1.88
1.72
1.58
1.658
1.673
1.687
1.701
0.1339
0.1331
0.1323
0.1315
1035.8
1031.8
1027.8
1023.7
260
265
270
275
1.08
1.20
1.33
1.48
0.27
0.26
0.25
0.24
2.245
2.259
2.273
2.288
0.1003
0.0995
0.0987
0.0979
849.0
843.9
838.7
833.6
70
75
80
85
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.46
1.35
1.25
1.17
1.715
1.729
1.744
1.758
0.1307
0.1299
0.1291
0.1283
1019.7
1015.6
1011.5
1007.4
280
285
290
295
1.63
1.80
1.98
2.17
0.24
0.23
0.22
0.22
2.302
2.316
2.330
2.344
0.0971
0.0963
0.0955
0.0947
828.3
823.0
817.7
812.3
90
95
100
105
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
1.09
1.03
0.97
0.91
1.772
1.786
1.800
1.814
0.1275
0.1267
0.1259
0.1251
1003.2
999.1
994.9
990.7
300
305
310
315
2.38
2.60
2.84
3.10
0.21
0.20
0.20
0.19
2.359
2.373
2.388
2.403
0.0939
0.0931
0.0923
0.0915
806.8
801.3
795.8
790.1
110
115
120
125
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.86
0.82
0.77
0.73
1.828
1.842
1.856
1.870
0.1243
0.1235
0.1227
0.1219
986.5
982.3
978.1
973.8
320
325
330
335
3.37
3.66
3.96
4.29
0.19
0.18
0.18
0.17
2.417
2.432
2.448
2.463
0.0907
0.0899
0.0891
0.0883
784.4
778.6
772.8
766.9
130
135
140
145
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.70
0.67
0.64
0.61
1.884
1.898
1.912
1.926
0.1211
0.1203
0.1195
0.1187
969.5
965.2
960.9
956.6
340
345
350
355
4.64
5.00
5.39
5.80
0.17
0.17
0.16
0.16
2.479
2.494
2.511
2.527
0.0875
0.0867
0.0859
0.0851
760.9
754.8
748.6
742.3
150
155
160
165
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.58
0.56
0.53
0.51
1.940
1.954
1.968
1.982
0.1179
0.1171
0.1163
0.1155
952.2
947.8
943.4
938.9
360
365
370
375
6.24
6.69
7.18
7.68
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.14
2.544
2.561
2.579
2.597
0.0843
0.0835
0.0827
0.0819
735.9
729.4
722.8
716.1
170
175
180
185
0.09
0.11
0.13
0.15
0.49
0.47
0.46
0.44
1.996
2.010
2.023
2.037
0.1147
0.1139
0.1131
0.1123
934.5
930.0
925.5
920.9
380
385
390
395
8.22
8.78
9.37
9.99
0.14
0.14
0.13
0.13
2.616
2.636
2.657
2.678
0.0811
0.0803
0.0795
0.0787
709.2
702.2
695.0
687.7
190
195
200
205
0.18
0.21
0.24
0.28
0.42
0.41
0.39
0.38
2.051
2.065
2.079
2.093
0.1115
0.1107
0.1099
0.1091
916.4
911.8
907.1
902.5
400
405
410
415
10.64
11.32
12.03
12.78
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.12
2.701
2.725
2.751
2.779
0.0779
0.0771
0.0763
0.0755
680.2
672.5
664.6
656.5
210
215
220
0.32
0.37
0.42
0.37
0.35
0.34
2.107
2.120
2.134
0.1083
0.1075
0.1067
897.8
893.1
888.3
420
425
13.56
14.38
0.11
0.11
2.809
2.842
0.0747
0.0739
648.1
639.4
17
TEMP VAPOR VISCOSITY SPECIFIC THERMAL DENSITY TEMP VAPOR VISCOSITY SPECIFIC THERMAL DENSITY
PRESS.
HEAT
COND.
PRESS.
HEAT
COND.
F
psia
cP
Btu/lb F Btu/hr ft2(F/ft)
lb/ft3
F
psia
cP
Btu/lb F Btu/hr ft2(F/ft)
lb/ft3
53.6
60
70
80
90
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
5.52
4.91
4.15
3.55
3.07
0.370
0.373
0.377
0.380
0.384
0.0809
0.0805
0.0800
0.0795
0.0790
66.54
66.37
66.10
65.82
65.55
440
450
460
470
480
7.19
8.25
9.45
10.78
12.25
0.33
0.32
0.30
0.29
0.28
0.515
0.518
0.522
0.526
0.529
0.0610
0.0605
0.0600
0.0595
0.0590
55.06
54.72
54.38
54.04
53.70
100
110
120
130
140
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.005
0.007
2.69
2.38
2.12
1.90
1.72
0.388
0.392
0.396
0.399
0.403
0.0785
0.0780
0.0775
0.0769
0.0764
65.28
65.00
64.72
64.44
64.16
490
494.8
500
510
520
13.87
14.71
15.66
17.63
19.79
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.26
0.25
0.533
0.535
0.537
0.540
0.544
0.0585
0.0582
0.0579
0.0574
0.0569
53.35
53.18
53.00
52.65
52.29
150
160
170
180
190
0.010
0.014
0.020
0.028
0.038
1.57
1.43
1.32
1.22
1.13
0.407
0.411
0.414
0.418
0.422
0.0759
0.0754
0.0749
0.0744
0.0739
63.88
63.60
63.32
63.03
62.75
530
540
550
560
570
22.15
24.72
27.51
30.54
33.83
0.24
0.23
0.23
0.22
0.21
0.548
0.552
0.555
0.559
0.563
0.0564
0.0559
0.0554
0.0549
0.0543
51.93
51.57
51.20
50.82
50.45
200
210
220
230
240
0.051
0.069
0.091
0.120
0.16
1.05
0.98
0.92
0.86
0.81
0.426
0.429
0.433
0.437
0.441
0.0733
0.0728
0.0723
0.0718
0.0713
62.46
62.17
61.88
61.59
61.30
580
590
600
610
620
37.37
41.20
45.31
49.73
54.47
0.21
0.20
0.19
0.19
0.18
0.567
0.571
0.575
0.579
0.583
0.0538
0.0533
0.0528
0.0523
0.0518
50.07
49.68
49.29
48.89
48.49
250
260
270
280
290
0.20
0.26
0.33
0.41
0.51
0.76
0.72
0.68
0.65
0.62
0.444
0.448
0.452
0.456
0.459
0.0708
0.0703
0.0698
0.0692
0.0687
61.00
60.71
60.41
60.11
59.81
630
640
650
660
670
59.53
64.95
70.73
76.89
83.44
0.18
0.17
0.17
0.16
0.16
0.587
0.591
0.595
0.599
0.604
0.0513
0.0508
0.0502
0.0497
0.0492
48.08
47.67
47.25
46.82
46.39
300
310
320
330
340
0.64
0.78
0.96
1.17
1.41
0.59
0.56
0.53
0.51
0.49
0.463
0.467
0.470
0.474
0.478
0.0682
0.0677
0.0672
0.0667
0.0662
59.51
59.20
58.90
58.59
58.28
680
690
700
710
720
90.40
97.79
105.6
113.9
122.7
0.15
0.15
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.608
0.613
0.617
0.622
0.627
0.0487
0.0482
0.0477
0.0472
0.0466
45.94
45.49
45.03
44.56
44.08
350
360
370
380
390
1.70
2.03
2.42
2.87
3.38
0.47
0.45
0.43
0.41
0.40
0.481
0.485
0.489
0.492
0.496
0.0656
0.0651
0.0646
0.0641
0.0636
57.97
57.65
57.34
57.02
56.70
730
740
750
760
770
131.9
141.7
152.0
162.9
174.4
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.633
0.638
0.644
0.651
0.658
0.0461
0.0456
0.0451
0.0446
0.0441
43.59
43.09
42.57
42.04
41.49
400
410
420
430
3.96
4.63
5.38
6.23
0.38
0.37
0.35
0.34
0.500
0.503
0.507
0.511
0.0631
0.0626
0.0620
0.0615
56.37
56.05
55.72
55.39
780
790
800
186.4
199.1
212.5
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.665
0.673
0.682
0.0436
0.0430
0.0425
40.93
40.34
39.74
16
TEMP VAPOR VISCOSITY SPECIFIC THERMAL DENSITY TEMP VAPOR VISCOSITY SPECIFIC THERMAL DENSITY
PRESS.
HEAT
COND.
PRESS.
HEAT
COND.
C
bar
mPa sec
kJ/kg K
W/mK
kg/m3
C
bar
mPa sec
kJ/kg K
W/mK
kg/m3
12
15
20
25
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
5.52
5.00
4.29
3.71
1.550
1.558
1.573
1.587
0.1400
0.1395
0.1387
0.1379
1065.9
1063.5
1059.6
1055.7
225
230
235
240
0.48
0.54
0.61
0.69
0.33
0.32
0.31
0.30
2.148
2.162
2.176
2.190
0.1059
0.1051
0.1043
0.1035
883.5
878.7
873.8
868.9
30
35
40
45
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.25
2.87
2.56
2.30
1.601
1.616
1.630
1.644
0.1371
0.1363
0.1355
0.1347
1051.7
1047.8
1043.8
1039.8
245
250
255
257.1
0.77
0.87
0.97
1.01
0.29
0.28
0.27
0.27
2.204
2.218
2.231
2.237
0.1027
0.1019
0.1011
0.1008
864.0
859.0
854.0
851.9
50
55
60
65
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.07
1.88
1.72
1.58
1.658
1.673
1.687
1.701
0.1339
0.1331
0.1323
0.1315
1035.8
1031.8
1027.8
1023.7
260
265
270
275
1.08
1.20
1.33
1.48
0.27
0.26
0.25
0.24
2.245
2.259
2.273
2.288
0.1003
0.0995
0.0987
0.0979
849.0
843.9
838.7
833.6
70
75
80
85
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.46
1.35
1.25
1.17
1.715
1.729
1.744
1.758
0.1307
0.1299
0.1291
0.1283
1019.7
1015.6
1011.5
1007.4
280
285
290
295
1.63
1.80
1.98
2.17
0.24
0.23
0.22
0.22
2.302
2.316
2.330
2.344
0.0971
0.0963
0.0955
0.0947
828.3
823.0
817.7
812.3
90
95
100
105
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
1.09
1.03
0.97
0.91
1.772
1.786
1.800
1.814
0.1275
0.1267
0.1259
0.1251
1003.2
999.1
994.9
990.7
300
305
310
315
2.38
2.60
2.84
3.10
0.21
0.20
0.20
0.19
2.359
2.373
2.388
2.403
0.0939
0.0931
0.0923
0.0915
806.8
801.3
795.8
790.1
110
115
120
125
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.86
0.82
0.77
0.73
1.828
1.842
1.856
1.870
0.1243
0.1235
0.1227
0.1219
986.5
982.3
978.1
973.8
320
325
330
335
3.37
3.66
3.96
4.29
0.19
0.18
0.18
0.17
2.417
2.432
2.448
2.463
0.0907
0.0899
0.0891
0.0883
784.4
778.6
772.8
766.9
130
135
140
145
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.70
0.67
0.64
0.61
1.884
1.898
1.912
1.926
0.1211
0.1203
0.1195
0.1187
969.5
965.2
960.9
956.6
340
345
350
355
4.64
5.00
5.39
5.80
0.17
0.17
0.16
0.16
2.479
2.494
2.511
2.527
0.0875
0.0867
0.0859
0.0851
760.9
754.8
748.6
742.3
150
155
160
165
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.58
0.56
0.53
0.51
1.940
1.954
1.968
1.982
0.1179
0.1171
0.1163
0.1155
952.2
947.8
943.4
938.9
360
365
370
375
6.24
6.69
7.18
7.68
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.14
2.544
2.561
2.579
2.597
0.0843
0.0835
0.0827
0.0819
735.9
729.4
722.8
716.1
170
175
180
185
0.09
0.11
0.13
0.15
0.49
0.47
0.46
0.44
1.996
2.010
2.023
2.037
0.1147
0.1139
0.1131
0.1123
934.5
930.0
925.5
920.9
380
385
390
395
8.22
8.78
9.37
9.99
0.14
0.14
0.13
0.13
2.616
2.636
2.657
2.678
0.0811
0.0803
0.0795
0.0787
709.2
702.2
695.0
687.7
190
195
200
205
0.18
0.21
0.24
0.28
0.42
0.41
0.39
0.38
2.051
2.065
2.079
2.093
0.1115
0.1107
0.1099
0.1091
916.4
911.8
907.1
902.5
400
405
410
415
10.64
11.32
12.03
12.78
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.12
2.701
2.725
2.751
2.779
0.0779
0.0771
0.0763
0.0755
680.2
672.5
664.6
656.5
210
215
220
0.32
0.37
0.42
0.37
0.35
0.34
2.107
2.120
2.134
0.1083
0.1075
0.1067
897.8
893.1
888.3
420
425
13.56
14.38
0.11
0.11
2.809
2.842
0.0747
0.0739
648.1
639.4
17
VAPOR
LIQUID LATENT VAPOR
VAPOR
VAPOR
PRESSURE ENTHALPY HEAT ENTHALPY DENSITY VISCOSITY
Btu/lb
lb/ft3
cP
VAPOR
ZVAPOR
THERMAL
COND.
Btu/hr ft2(F/ft)
SPECIFIC
RATIO
HEAT OF SPECIFIC
(cp)
HEATS
Btu/lb F
cp/cv
psia
Btu/lb
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.0
2.5
6.4
10.3
14.3
176.0
175.1
173.7
172.3
171.0
176.0
177.6
180.1
182.7
185.3
0.0053
0.0054
0.0055
0.0056
0.0057
0.0043
0.0044
0.0046
0.0047
0.0049
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.247
0.250
0.255
0.260
0.265
1.051
1.050
1.049
1.048
1.047
100
110
120
130
140
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.005
0.007
18.2
22.2
26.2
30.2
34.3
169.8
168.5
167.3
166.1
164.9
188.0
190.7
193.5
196.3
199.2
0.0001
0.0002
0.0058
0.0059
0.0060
0.0061
0.0062
0.0051
0.0053
0.0055
0.0056
0.0058
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.270
0.275
0.279
0.284
0.289
1.047
1.046
1.045
1.044
1.043
150
160
170
180
190
0.010
0.014
0.020
0.028
0.038
38.3
42.4
46.5
50.7
54.9
163.8
162.6
161.5
160.4
159.3
202.1
205.1
208.1
211.1
214.2
0.0003
0.0004
0.0005
0.0007
0.0009
0.0064
0.0065
0.0066
0.0067
0.0068
0.0060
0.0062
0.0064
0.0066
0.0068
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.294
0.298
0.303
0.308
0.312
1.043
1.042
1.041
1.041
1.040
200
210
220
230
240
0.051
0.069
0.091
0.120
0.16
59.1
63.3
67.6
71.9
76.2
158.3
157.2
156.2
155.1
154.1
217.3
220.5
223.8
227.0
230.3
0.0012
0.0016
0.0021
0.0027
0.0034
0.0069
0.0070
0.0071
0.0072
0.0073
0.0070
0.0072
0.0075
0.0077
0.0079
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.317
0.321
0.326
0.330
0.335
1.039
1.039
1.038
1.038
1.037
250
260
270
280
290
0.20
0.26
0.33
0.41
0.51
80.6
85.0
89.5
94.0
98.5
153.1
152.0
151.0
150.0
149.0
233.7
237.1
240.5
244.0
247.5
0.0044
0.0055
0.0069
0.0086
0.0106
0.0074
0.0075
0.0076
0.0077
0.0078
0.0081
0.0083
0.0085
0.0087
0.0090
0.998
0.998
0.997
0.997
0.996
0.339
0.344
0.348
0.352
0.356
1.037
1.037
1.036
1.036
1.036
300
310
320
330
340
0.64
0.78
0.96
1.17
1.41
103.0
107.6
112.2
116.9
121.6
148.0
147.0
146.0
145.0
144.0
251.1
254.6
258.3
261.9
265.6
0.0130
0.0158
0.0191
0.0230
0.0275
0.0079
0.0080
0.0081
0.0082
0.0083
0.0092
0.0094
0.0097
0.0099
0.0101
0.996
0.995
0.994
0.993
0.992
0.361
0.365
0.369
0.373
0.377
1.035
1.035
1.035
1.035
1.034
350
360
370
380
390
1.70
2.03
2.42
2.87
3.38
126.4
131.1
135.9
140.8
145.7
143.0
142.0
141.0
139.9
138.9
269.3
273.1
276.9
280.7
284.6
0.0328
0.0388
0.0457
0.0535
0.0624
0.0084
0.0086
0.0087
0.0088
0.0089
0.0103
0.0106
0.0108
0.0111
0.0113
0.990
0.989
0.988
0.986
0.984
0.381
0.385
0.389
0.393
0.397
1.034
1.034
1.034
1.034
1.034
400
410
420
430
440
3.96
4.63
5.38
6.23
7.19
150.6
155.6
160.6
165.6
170.7
137.9
136.8
135.8
134.7
133.6
288.5
292.4
296.3
300.3
304.3
0.0725
0.0839
0.0967
0.1110
0.1270
0.0090
0.0091
0.0092
0.0093
0.0094
0.0115
0.0118
0.0120
0.0123
0.0125
0.982
0.980
0.977
0.975
0.972
0.401
0.405
0.409
0.413
0.417
1.034
1.034
1.034
1.034
1.034
450
460
470
480
490
8.25
9.45
10.78
12.25
13.87
175.8
180.9
186.1
191.4
196.6
132.5
131.4
130.3
129.2
128.0
308.3
312.4
316.4
320.5
324.7
0.1447
0.1644
0.1861
0.2100
0.2364
0.0095
0.0096
0.0097
0.0098
0.0100
0.0128
0.0130
0.0133
0.0135
0.0138
0.969
0.966
0.962
0.959
0.955
0.421
0.425
0.429
0.433
0.437
1.035
1.035
1.035
1.035
1.036
494.8
500
510
520
530
14.71
15.66
17.63
19.79
22.15
199.1
201.9
207.2
212.6
218.0
127.5
126.9
125.7
124.5
123.3
326.6
328.8
332.9
337.1
341.3
0.2499
0.2653
0.2969
0.3315
0.3692
0.0100
0.0101
0.0102
0.0103
0.0104
0.0139
0.0140
0.0143
0.0145
0.0148
0.953
0.951
0.946
0.942
0.937
0.438
0.441
0.444
0.448
0.452
1.036
1.036
1.037
1.037
1.038
540
550
560
570
580
24.72
27.51
30.54
33.83
37.37
223.5
228.9
234.5
240.0
245.6
122.1
120.8
119.5
118.2
116.9
345.5
349.7
354.0
358.2
362.5
0.4102
0.4547
0.5030
0.5554
0.6119
0.0105
0.0107
0.0108
0.0109
0.0110
0.0150
0.0153
0.0156
0.0158
0.0161
0.932
0.926
0.920
0.914
0.908
0.456
0.460
0.464
0.468
0.472
1.039
1.040
1.040
1.041
1.042
590
600
610
620
630
41.20
45.31
49.73
54.47
59.53
251.2
256.9
262.6
268.3
274.1
115.6
114.2
112.8
111.4
109.9
366.8
371.1
375.4
379.7
384.0
0.6730
0.7389
0.8099
0.8864
0.9686
0.0111
0.0113
0.0114
0.0115
0.0117
0.0164
0.0166
0.0169
0.0172
0.0175
0.902
0.895
0.888
0.880
0.873
0.476
0.480
0.484
0.488
0.492
1.044
1.045
1.046
1.048
1.049
640
650
660
670
680
64.95
70.73
76.89
83.44
90.40
279.9
285.8
291.7
297.6
303.6
108.4
106.9
105.3
103.7
102.0
388.3
392.6
397.0
401.3
405.6
1.057
1.152
1.254
1.364
1.481
0.0118
0.0119
0.0121
0.0122
0.0124
0.0177
0.0180
0.0183
0.0186
0.0189
0.865
0.857
0.848
0.839
0.830
0.496
0.501
0.505
0.509
0.514
1.051
1.053
1.055
1.057
1.060
690
700
710
720
730
97.79
105.6
113.9
122.7
131.9
309.6
315.7
321.8
327.9
334.1
100.3
98.6
96.8
95.0
93.1
409.9
414.3
418.6
422.9
427.2
1.608
1.743
1.888
2.045
2.213
0.0125
0.0127
0.0128
0.0130
0.0132
0.0191
0.0194
0.0197
0.0200
0.0203
0.820
0.810
0.799
0.789
0.777
0.519
0.523
0.528
0.534
0.539
1.062
1.066
1.069
1.073
1.077
740
750
760
770
780
790
800
141.7
152.0
162.9
174.4
186.4
199.1
212.5
340.4
346.7
353.0
359.4
365.9
372.4
379.0
91.1
89.1
87.0
84.8
82.5
80.2
77.7
431.5
435.7
440.0
444.2
448.4
452.5
456.7
2.394
2.588
2.798
3.025
3.270
3.537
3.827
0.0134
0.0135
0.0137
0.0139
0.0142
0.0144
0.0146
0.0206
0.0209
0.0212
0.0215
0.0219
0.0222
0.0225
0.766
0.754
0.741
0.728
0.714
0.700
0.685
0.545
0.551
0.557
0.564
0.571
0.579
0.588
1.082
1.087
1.093
1.100
1.108
1.117
1.128
53.6
60
70
80
90
Btu/lb
English Units
SI Units
......................................... 494.8F
........................................ 257.1C
Freezing Point
........................................... 53.6F
.......................................... 12.0C
............................................ 236F
........................................... 113C
............................................ 245F
........................................... 118C
.......................................... 1110F
........................................... 599C
Density at 75F
.......................................... 6.63%
........................................... 7.10%
Heat of Fusion
Specific Resistivity
frequency 103
............................................... 3.26
............................................... 3.26
frequency 104
............................................... 3.27
............................................... 3.27
frequency 105
............................................... 3.27
............................................... 3.27
frequency 103
........................................... 0.0012
........................................... 0.0012
frequency 104
........................................... 0.0001
........................................... 0.0001
frequency 105
........................................... 0.0001
........................................... 0.0001
Critical Temperature
............................................ 927F
........................................... 497C
Critical Pressure
Critical Volume
Heat of Combustion
..................................36,053 kJ/kg
............................................ 166.0
18
15
14
VAPOR
LIQUID LATENT VAPOR
VAPOR
VAPOR
VAPOR
PRESSURE ENTHALPY HEAT ENTHALPY DENSITY VISCOSITY THERMAL
COND.
bar
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
kg/m3
mPa sec
W/mK
12
15
20
25
30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.0
4.9
13.1
21.3
29.5
409.0
407.2
404.4
401.5
398.8
409.0
412.1
417.4
422.8
428.3
35
40
45
50
55
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
37.7
46.0
54.4
62.7
71.2
396.1
393.4
390.9
388.3
385.8
433.8
439.5
445.2
451.0
457.0
60
65
70
75
80
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
79.6
88.1
96.7
105.3
114.0
383.4
380.9
378.6
376.2
373.9
85
90
95
100
105
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
122.7
131.5
140.3
149.2
158.1
110
115
120
125
130
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
135
140
145
150
155
ZVAPOR
SPECIFIC
RATIO
HEAT OF SPECIFIC
(cp)
HEATS
kJ/kg K
cp/cv
0.0053
0.0054
0.0055
0.0056
0.0057
0.0074
0.0075
0.0078
0.0081
0.0084
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.032
1.044
1.062
1.081
1.100
1.050
1.050
1.050
1.049
1.048
0.0011
0.0015
0.0021
0.0058
0.0059
0.0060
0.0061
0.0062
0.0086
0.0089
0.0092
0.0095
0.0098
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.118
1.137
1.155
1.173
1.191
1.047
1.046
1.045
1.045
1.044
463.0
469.1
475.2
481.5
487.9
0.0029
0.0040
0.0053
0.0072
0.0095
0.0062
0.0063
0.0064
0.0065
0.0066
0.0101
0.0104
0.0107
0.0110
0.0113
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.209
1.227
1.245
1.262
1.280
1.043
1.043
1.042
1.041
1.041
371.6
369.4
367.1
364.9
362.7
494.3
500.8
507.4
514.1
520.9
0.0125
0.0162
0.0210
0.0268
0.0341
0.0067
0.0068
0.0069
0.0070
0.0071
0.0116
0.0120
0.0123
0.0126
0.0129
1.000
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.999
1.297
1.315
1.332
1.349
1.366
1.040
1.040
1.039
1.039
1.038
167.1
176.2
185.4
194.6
203.8
360.6
358.4
356.3
354.1
352.0
527.7
534.6
541.6
548.7
555.9
0.0430
0.0538
0.0669
0.0826
0.1013
0.0072
0.0073
0.0074
0.0075
0.0076
0.0133
0.0136
0.0139
0.0143
0.0146
0.999
0.999
0.998
0.998
0.998
1.382
1.399
1.416
1.432
1.448
1.038
1.037
1.037
1.037
1.036
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
213.2
222.6
232.1
241.6
251.2
349.9
347.8
345.7
343.6
341.5
563.1
570.4
577.8
585.2
592.7
0.1235
0.1498
0.1806
0.2165
0.2583
0.0077
0.0078
0.0078
0.0079
0.0080
0.0149
0.0153
0.0156
0.0160
0.0163
0.997
0.997
0.996
0.995
0.995
1.464
1.481
1.497
1.512
1.528
1.036
1.036
1.035
1.035
1.035
160
165
170
175
180
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.11
0.13
260.9
270.7
280.5
290.4
300.4
339.4
337.3
335.2
333.1
331.0
600.3
608.0
615.7
623.5
631.3
0.3065
0.3621
0.4257
0.4984
0.5809
0.0081
0.0082
0.0083
0.0084
0.0085
0.0167
0.0170
0.0174
0.0178
0.0181
0.994
0.993
0.992
0.991
0.990
1.544
1.560
1.575
1.590
1.606
1.035
1.035
1.034
1.034
1.034
185
190
195
200
205
0.15
0.18
0.21
0.24
0.28
310.4
320.5
330.7
340.9
351.2
328.8
326.7
324.6
322.4
320.2
639.2
647.2
655.2
663.3
671.5
0.6744
0.7798
0.8984
1.031
1.179
0.0086
0.0087
0.0088
0.0089
0.0090
0.0185
0.0189
0.0192
0.0196
0.0200
0.988
0.987
0.985
0.984
0.982
1.621
1.636
1.651
1.666
1.681
1.034
1.034
1.034
1.034
1.034
210
215
220
225
230
0.32
0.37
0.42
0.48
0.54
361.6
372.1
382.6
393.2
403.9
318.0
315.8
313.6
311.4
309.1
679.7
687.9
696.2
704.6
713.0
1.344
1.528
1.730
1.954
2.201
0.0091
0.0092
0.0093
0.0094
0.0095
0.0204
0.0207
0.0211
0.0215
0.0219
0.980
0.978
0.975
0.973
0.970
1.696
1.711
1.726
1.741
1.755
1.034
1.034
1.034
1.034
1.034
235
240
245
250
255
0.61
0.69
0.77
0.87
0.97
414.6
425.4
436.3
447.2
458.2
306.8
304.5
302.1
299.8
297.4
721.4
729.9
738.4
747.0
755.6
2.471
2.768
3.092
3.446
3.831
0.0096
0.0097
0.0098
0.0099
0.0100
0.0223
0.0227
0.0231
0.0234
0.0238
0.967
0.964
0.961
0.958
0.954
1.770
1.785
1.799
1.814
1.829
1.035
1.035
1.035
1.036
1.036
257.1
260
265
270
275
1.01
1.08
1.20
1.33
1.48
462.9
469.3
480.5
491.7
503.0
296.4
294.9
292.5
290.0
287.5
759.2
764.3
773.0
781.7
790.4
4.003
4.250
4.704
5.196
5.727
0.0100
0.0101
0.0102
0.0103
0.0104
0.0240
0.0242
0.0246
0.0250
0.0254
0.953
0.951
0.947
0.942
0.938
1.835
1.843
1.858
1.872
1.887
1.036
1.036
1.037
1.037
1.038
280
285
290
295
300
1.63
1.80
1.98
2.17
2.38
514.3
525.8
537.3
548.8
560.5
284.9
282.3
279.6
277.0
274.2
799.2
808.1
816.9
825.8
834.7
6.301
6.920
7.586
8.302
9.071
0.0105
0.0106
0.0107
0.0108
0.0109
0.0258
0.0263
0.0267
0.0271
0.0275
0.934
0.929
0.924
0.919
0.913
1.902
1.916
1.931
1.946
1.961
1.038
1.039
1.040
1.041
1.042
305
310
315
320
325
2.60
2.84
3.10
3.37
3.66
572.2
583.9
595.8
607.7
619.7
271.5
268.6
265.8
262.8
259.8
843.6
852.6
861.5
870.5
879.5
9.896
10.78
11.73
12.74
13.82
0.0110
0.0111
0.0113
0.0114
0.0115
0.0279
0.0283
0.0287
0.0292
0.0296
0.908
0.902
0.896
0.889
0.883
1.976
1.991
2.006
2.021
2.036
1.042
1.044
1.045
1.046
1.047
330
335
340
345
350
3.96
4.29
4.64
5.00
5.39
631.7
643.9
656.1
668.4
680.7
256.8
253.7
250.5
247.3
244.0
888.6
897.6
906.6
915.7
924.7
14.98
16.21
17.53
18.93
20.43
0.0116
0.0117
0.0119
0.0120
0.0121
0.0300
0.0304
0.0309
0.0313
0.0317
0.876
0.869
0.862
0.854
0.846
2.052
2.068
2.084
2.100
2.116
1.048
1.050
1.052
1.053
1.055
355
360
365
370
375
5.80
6.24
6.69
7.18
7.68
693.1
705.7
718.2
730.9
743.7
240.6
237.2
233.6
230.0
226.3
933.8
942.8
951.9
960.9
970.0
22.03
23.73
25.54
27.47
29.53
0.0122
0.0124
0.0125
0.0126
0.0128
0.0322
0.0326
0.0331
0.0335
0.0340
0.838
0.830
0.821
0.812
0.803
2.133
2.150
2.168
2.186
2.204
1.057
1.060
1.062
1.065
1.068
380
385
390
395
400
8.22
8.78
9.37
9.99
10.64
756.5
769.4
782.4
795.5
808.7
222.5
218.6
214.5
210.4
206.1
979.0
988.0
997.0
1005.9
1014.8
31.73
34.07
36.58
39.25
42.11
0.0129
0.0131
0.0132
0.0134
0.0136
0.0344
0.0349
0.0354
0.0358
0.0363
0.793
0.783
0.773
0.762
0.751
2.224
2.244
2.264
2.286
2.309
1.071
1.075
1.079
1.083
1.088
405
410
415
420
425
11.32
12.03
12.78
13.56
14.38
822.0
835.4
848.9
862.5
876.3
201.7
197.1
192.4
187.5
182.3
1023.7
1032.5
1041.3
1050.0
1058.6
45.17
48.45
51.98
55.77
59.86
0.0138
0.0139
0.0141
0.0143
0.0145
0.0368
0.0373
0.0378
0.0383
0.0388
0.740
0.728
0.715
0.703
0.689
2.333
2.359
2.387
2.417
2.450
1.094
1.100
1.107
1.115
1.125
19
Environmental
Considerations
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
300
350
400
Temperature, F
1.5
Expanded Volume, m3
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1
50
100
150
200
250
Temperature, C
20
13
10
0.06
0.05
0.04
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Temperature, F
Viscosity, cP
0.07
10
1
0.1
0.01
200
0.1
300
400
500
600
700
800
Temperature, F
Specific Heat
70
0.7
65
60
55
50
45
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
40
0
Temperature, F
Vapor Pressure
0.14
Viscosity
10
0.13
0.11
0.09
0.07
0
100
200
300
Temperature, C
Density
0.1
0.01
150
400
20
10
200
250
300
350
Temperature, C
400
0.1
0
Specific Heat
1100
2.9
1000
900
800
700
600
0
100
200
Temperature, C
12
Viscosity
300
100
Density
Vapor Pressure
0.085
0.08
Thermal Conductivity
Density, lb/ft3
Health Considerations
Density, kg/m3
HEALTH AND
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONSIDERATIONS
300
400
2.7
2.3
1.9
1.5
0
100
200
300
400
Temperature, C
21
50
22
100
150
50
200
250
1000000
100000
Temperature, C
100
1000
100
Temperature, F
300
350
150
400
1000
100
200
Vaporizers for DOWTHERM A fluid utilize both natural and forced circulation.
A pump is required where there is insufficient elevation between vaporizer
and heat user to return condensate by gravity.
Hand-throttled bypass required to prevent pump heat-up.
A
B
10000
BA Burner Alarm
BC Burner Control
BE Burner Element (Fire-Eye)
FI Flow Indicator (Orifice)
FRC Flow Recording Controller
FSL Flow Switch Low
LAH/L Level AlarmHigh/Low
LI Level Indicator
LC Level Controller
LSL Level Switch Low
PCV Pressure Control Valve
PI Pressure Indicator
PIC Pressure Indicating Controller
PRV Pressure Relief Valve
PSH Pressure Switch High
PSL
TIC
TRC
TSH
Instrument Legend
1000000
10000
11
Loading
Pump
Cond.
Storage Tank
and Panel Coil
LI
TIC
Snuffing Stm.
Fuel Gas
PCV
PSL
Atm.
Vent
PI
PI
PSH
To Pilot Light
BE
BC
BA
1
TIC
7
FRC
LSL
LA / L
Heat Exchanger
#1
PRV
PCV
LI
TIC
Vent Header
FI
Jacket Loop
Circulating Pump
TIC
Enthalpy Btu/lb
Expansion
Tank
PRV
Process Fluid
Vent
Heating Loop
Circulating Pump
Spare Pump
Heater for
DOWTHERM Fluid
TSH
FSL
Vent
0.02
420
440
1
Density, lb/cu ft
360
po
Va
Process Tank
Vent
LC
PIC
Steam Generator
PI
Cooling Loop
Circulating Pump
FI
Steam Condensate
Pump
TIC
Heating or
Cooling Process
Steam
PRV
Stm. Hdr.
Heat Exchanger
#2
PRV
Process Fluid
(375F) (191C)
Vent
(380F) (193C)
240
300
0.07
0.84
380
0.94
ed
TRC
220
rat
tu
340
Sa
200
0.78
0.4
0.04
0.1
400
uid
Liq
280
ed
rat
BA Burner Alarm
BC Burner Control
BE Burner Element (Fire-Eye)
FI Flow Indicator (Orifice)
FRC Flow Recording Controller
FSL Flow Switch Low
LAH/L Level AlarmHigh/Low
LI Level Indicator
LC Level Controller
LSL Level Switch Low
PCV Pressure Control Valve
PI Pressure Indicator
PIC Pressure Indicating Controller
PRV Pressure Relief Valve
PSH Pressure Switch High
0.76
u
Sat
Heating
Media
PSL
TIC
TRC
TSH
Instrument Legend
10
Steam
Condensate
LC
0.68
0.70
520F
0.72
Entropy, Btu/lb F
560F
0.74
260
600F
0.88
460
10
640F
0.80
680F
320
0.82
720F
760F
0.2
800F
0.86
0.7
3.0
0.90
1.0
0.92
1.5
2.0
480
Pressure, psia
100
500
23
Figure 13 Calculated Pressure vs. Enthalpy for DOWTHERM A Fluid (SI Units)
300
2.7
2.8
250C
2.9
500
D T for Liquid, F
400
275C
3.0
300C
Entropy, kJ/kg K
10
600
3.1
325C
350C
3.2
Sa
3.3
ate
3.4
tur
Enthalpy, kJ/kg
700
375C
10
(lb/hr Liquid)/(lb/hr Vapor)
100
iqu
dL
id
1.5
400C
800
1.0
3.5
0.6
60
425C
ted
ra
tu
Sa
900
po
Va
3.6
3.0
3.7
D T for Liquid, C
1000
Density, kg/m3
3.8
10.0
25.0
6.0
10
1100
50.0
3.9
1200
10
100
1000
Pressure, kPa
3000
1
1
10
100
24
1 1/2
"
LE 4
0 PIP
6"
EDU
4"
SCH
3"
1",
1", 14 B
16 WG
BW
G
(ft
/se
c)
OC
IT
Y
4
2"
1"
VE
L
10
E SIZ
3
/4
3 ",
/4"
1000
TUB
14
, 16 BW
BW G
G
1
, 186 BW
BW G
G
Figure 14Liquid Film Coefficient for DOWTHERM A Fluid Inside Pipes and Tubes (English Units)
1
/2
1 ",
/2"
Advantages of Vapor
Phase Heating with
DOWTHERM A Fluid
W/(m2)(K)=[Btu/(hr)(ft2)(F)](5.678)
100
1
10
100
1000
1
0.9
Factor
0.8
0.7
0.6
~!
m
Nu = 0.027 Re0.8PR13 m
w
0.14
Chart based on
~!
m 0.14
=1
mw
Note: The values in this graph are based on the viscosity of fluid as supplied.
0.5
0.4
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Temperature, F
25
Figure 15Liquid Film Coefficient for DOWTHERM A Fluid Inside Pipes and Tubes (SI Units)
10000
Flammability
TUBE S
IZE
16
18 BW
BW G,
G, 12
12 mm
mm
14
16 BW
BW G,
G, 19
19 mm
mm
14
16 BW
BW G,
G, 25
25 mm
mm
3
2.5
VE
LO
CI
TY
15
0m
m
SCHE
DULE
40 PIP
E
10
0m
m
75
mm
50
mm
1000
38
mm
(m
/se
c)
1.5
25
mm
Film Coefficient,W/m2 K
0.5
W/(m2)(K)=[Btu/(hr)(ft2)(F)](5.678)
100
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
Temperature Correction
Multiplier Factor
1.1
~!
m
Nu = 0.027 Re0.8PR13 m
w
Factor
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.14
Chart based on
~!
m 0.14
=1
mw
Note: The values in this graph are based on the viscosity of fluid as supplied.
0.6
0.5
0.4
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Temperature, C
26
32
24
Test Data
Inlet Temp., F (C)
Outlet Temp., F (C)
Velocity at Tube Inlet,
ft/sec (m/sec)
Heat Flux, Btu/hr/ft2
(W/m2)
Avg. Tube Temp.,F (C)
% Vaporization by Volume
% Vaporization by Weight
1
2
3
4
790 (421) 790 (421) 709 (376) 704 (373)
806 (430) 791 (422) 710 (377) 715 (379)
2 (0.61)
14 (4.3)
15,000
47,325
844 (451)
48
6.8
15,000
10,000
47,325
31,550
804 (429) 716 (380)
26
27
2.7
1.4
14 (4.3)
2 (0.61)
10,000
31,550
722 (383)
29
1.6
/4"
,
/4" 14
, 1 BW
6B G
W
G
SIZ
10
11/2
"
SC
HE
DU
LE
40
PIP
4"
3"
2"
3
6"
BE
1"
1" , 14
, 1 BW
6B G
W
G
1"
CI
TY
Corrosivity
TU
(ft
/se
c
10
1
/2"
/2" , 16
,1 B
8 WG
BW
G
100
2
1
0.1
Construction Material
Contaminant
Chloride
Sulfur
Ammonia
10
100
1000
16
1.4
(1)
1.3
Factor
40
Figure 16Pressure Drop vs. Flow Rate of DOWTHERM A Fluid Inside Pipes and Tubes (English Units)
LO
Radiation Stability
VE
(2)
8
1.2
1.1
1
(3 & 4)
0
0.8
Time
0.9
0.7
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Temperature, F
27
Figure 17Pressure Drop vs. Flow Rate of DOWTHERM A Fluid Inside Pipes and Tubes (SI Units)
FLUID SELECTION
CRITERIA
1000
25
mm
mm
ED
LE
40
PI
PE
mm
50
38
mm
SC
100
mm
150
mm
75
100
2. Vapor Pressure
16
18 BWG,
BW
1
G, 2 mm
12
mm
sec
Y, m
/
CIT
ZE
LO
SI
1.5
VE
BE
14
16 BWG
BW , 2
G, 5 mm
25
mm
TU
2.5
14
16 BWG
BW , 19
G,
19 mm
mm
10
3. Freeze Point
0.5
1
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
Flow Rate, m3/sec
Temperature Correction
Multiplier Factor
1.6
1.5
0.01
Thermal Stability
0.1
Chemical Contamination
A primary concern regarding chemical contaminants in a heat transfer
fluid system is their relatively poor
thermal stability at elevated temperatures. The thermal degradation of
chemical contaminants may be very
rapid which may lead to fouling of
heat transfer surfaces and corrosion
of system components. The severity
and nature of the corrosion will
depend upon the amount and type
of contaminant introduced into the
system.
Air Oxidation
Organic heat transfer fluids operated
at elevated temperatures are susceptible to air oxidation. The degree
of oxidation and the rate of reaction
are dependent upon the chemical
structure of the heat transfer fluid
as well as the temperature and the
degree of mixing. Undesirable byproducts of this reaction may include
carboxylic acids which would likely
result in system operating problems.
Preventive measures should be taken
to ensure that air is eliminated from
the system prior to bringing the heat
transfer fluid up to operating temperatures. A positive pressure inert gas
blanket should be maintained at all
times on the expansion tank during
system operation.
1.4
Factor
1.3
1.2
1.1
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Temperature, C
28
Unsurpassed Thermal
Stability and Efficiency
with Technical Backup
and Support to Match
DOWTHERM A fluid, which has
been employed in industrial heat
transfer systems for over 60 years,
is the preferred product for a wide
range of indirect heat transfer
applications. It is stable, does not
decompose readily at high temperatures, and can be used effectively
in either liquid or vapor phase
systems.
Figure 18 Pressure Drop vs. Flow Rate of DOWTHERM A Vapor Inside Schedule 40 Pipe (English Units)
150
3"
(ft
/se
c)
2"
11
/2"
180
1"
100
TY
90
4"
10
6"
VE
LO
CI
DOWTHERM A
HEAT TRANSFER FLUIDS
30
0.1
0.3
10
100
To learn more about the full line of Dow Heat Transfer Fluids
including D OWTHERM synthetic organic, SYLTHERM silicone
and D OWTHERM, D OWFROST*, and D OWCAL* glycol-based
fluidsrequest our product line guide. Call the number for
your area listed on the back of this brochure.
Temperature Correction
Multiplier Factor
10
Factor
0.1
400
500
600
Temperature, F
700
800
29
Figure 19 Pressure Drop vs. Flow Rate of DOWTHERM A Vapor Inside Schedule 40 Pipe (SI Units)
CONTENTS
1000
60
40
VE
LO
CI
TY
(m
/se
c
20
100
15
0m
m
10
0m
75
mm
50
mm
38
mm
25
mm
10
10
1
0.04
0.1
Flow Rate, kg/sec
Temperature Correction
Multiplier Factor
10
Factor
0.1
0.01
150
30
200
250
300
Temperature, C
350
400
10
Properties
Physical Properties..................................................................... 15
Liquid Saturation Properties
English Units ................................................................ 16
SI Units ........................................................................ 17
Vapor Saturation Properties
English Units ................................................................ 18
SI Units ........................................................................ 19
Expansion of Liquid ................................................................... 20
Liquid Properties ....................................................................... 21
Water Saturation ....................................................................... 22
Pressure Drop vs. Enthalpy
English Units ................................................................ 23
SI Units ........................................................................ 24
Liquid Film Coefficient
English Units ................................................................ 25
SI Units ........................................................................ 26
Engineering Data
Pressure Drop vs. Flow Rate of Liquid
English Units ................................................................ 27
SI Units ........................................................................ 28
Pressure Drop vs. Flow Rate for Vapors
English Units ................................................................ 29
SI Units ........................................................................ 30
DOWTHERM* A
Heat Transfer Fluid
Product Technical Data
DOWTHERM A
Heat Transfer Fluid
NOTE: SYLTHERM heat transfer fluids are manufactured by Dow Corning Corporation and distributed by The Dow Chemical Company.
Printed in U.S.A.