11.

34 A cross-flow heat exchanger used in a cardiopulmonary bypass procedure cools

blood flowing at 5 liter/min from a body temperature of 37 C to 25 C in order to
induce body hypothermia, which reduces metabolic and oxygen requirements. The
coolant is ice water at 0 C, and its flow rate is adjusted to provide an outlet temperature
of 15 C. The heat exchanger operates with both fluids unmixed, and the overall heat
transfer coefficient is 750 W/m2 K. The density and specific heat of the blood are 1050
kg/m3 and 3740 J/kg K, respectively.
(a) Determine the heat transfer rate for the exchanger.
(b) Calculate the water flow rate.
(c) What is the surface area of the heat exchanger?
(d) (Optional) Calculate and plot the blood and water outlet temperatures as a function
of the water flow rate for the range 2 to 4 liter/min, assuming all other parameters
remain unchanged. Comment on how the changes in the outlet temperatures are affected
by changes in the water flow rate. Explain this behavior and why it is an advantage for
this application.