11

11.1

GROUP 14
Physical Properties of Group 14 Elements
Element

Si

Ge

Sn

Pb

Proton number

14

32

50

82

2s2 2p2 .

3s2 3p2 .

4s2 4p2 .

5s2 5p2 .

6s2 6p2 .

+4

+4

+4

+4

+4

Non-metal
Non conductor
(*)

Metalloid

Metalloid

Metal

Metal

Valence electronic
configuration
Stable oxidation no
(+2, +4)
Metallic character
Electrical
conductivity
Structure

Semi conductor

Giant molecule with covalent bond

Good
Giant metallic lattice

(*) Except for graphite

Atomic
Melting and boiling
point / 0C

Electrical conductivity

When going down the Group

Decrease from C and Ge because they have giant covalent structures with
covalent bond between atoms. Atomic radius C < Si < Ge. Hence, bond
length C-C < Si-Si < Ge-Ge thus bond strength C-C > Si-Si > Ge-Ge.
Sn and Pb, both are metals. Melting point of Pb is higher than Sn. This is
because Pb has more closely pack structure.
Inceases.
hbBoth nuclear charge and screening effectincrease.but the increase in
screening effect is larger, Hence effective nuclear charge decrease. The
force of attraction between the nucleas and valence electron becomes
weaker causing the atomic radius to increase. Yhe valence electrons
become more delocalised