II.

Sewer Networks and Facilities

Topic II.3. Sewer Pipes: Kinds, Joints, Foundation.
Sewer Network Design
Sewer Pipes Profiles:
Normal (b/h 1)

Circular
Trapezoidal
Square

High (b/h < 1)

Egg-shaped
Ellipsoidal
Oval
Horseshoe

Low (b/h > 1)

Mouth-shaped
Rectangular

Combined

Sewer Pipes
Sewer Pipes Profiles:
a - circular
- egg-shaped (inverted)
b - egg-shaped
- mouth-shaped
- square
e - trapezoidal

Sewer Pipes
Sewer Pipes Materials:
Concrete, Reinforced concrete, Prestressed concrete
Ceramics
Asbestos cement
Cast iron
Steel
Plastics - PVC, PE, PP, reinforced with fibre-glass
Resins - epoxy resin, reinforced with fibre-glass

Sewer Pipes

Sewer Pipes

Sewer Pipes

Sewer Pipes
Plastic Pipes

Sewer Pipes Joints

Reinforced Concrete Pipes

1 - putty; 2 - cement putty; 3 - muff; 4 - resin rope

Sewer Pipes Joints

a - Ceramic pipes; - Cast iron; b, - Reinforced concrete

1 - plastic gasket; 2, 3, 4 - rubber gasket

Sewer Pipes Foundation

a - on grounds with strength p > 1,5 kg/cm2 and pipes with D = 0,6 - 3,5 m
- on grounds with strength p < 1,5 kg/cm2 and pipes with D = 0,8 - 2,5 m
b - on embankments

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Sewer Pipes Foundation

a - on saturated (wet) stable grounds; - on unstable grounds

1 - base drainage layer; 2 - concrete pillow; 3 - drainage pipes;
4 - reinforced concrete plate; 5 - piles

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Sewer Pipes Foundation

Reinforced Concrete Pipes with Heel

1 - cement coat; 2 - cement layer; 3 - concrete foundation

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Sewer Networks Design

Determination of the Minimal Sewer Pipeline Depth

1 - street regulation line; 2 - the most remote yard manhole

H = h + i(l + L) - (z1 - z2) + D - d

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Sewer Networks Design

Principles of the Sewer Pipes Joining

a - water levels alignment; - pipes inverts alignment; b - pipes bottoms
alignment (at CSO only); , - sewer pipe branches joining the mains

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Sewer Networks Design

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Sewer Networks Design

Underground Infrastructure Allocation

1 - electricity cables; 2 - telephone cables; 3 - gas pipes; 4 - water supply pipes; 5 - sanitary
sewer pipes; 6 - street inlets; 7 - drainage pipe

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Sewer Networks Design

Installation Gallery
1 - drainage pipe
2 - central heating mains
3 - telephone cables
4 - consoles
5 - prefabricated reinforced concrete panels
6 - concrete foundation

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Sewer Networks Design

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