NANO SCALE HEAT

ENGINES

Presented by

PAVAN PHANI PRADEEP.V

BALA MANIKANTA.R
III MECH.,
VISHNU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

HEAT ENGINES
What are heat
engines?
Theorem on which
do they work.
Efficiency of heat
engines.

CARNOT
THEOREM

It states that efficiency

of a heat engine
depends on the
temperature difference
between the heat
reservoirs.
Every heat engine
must work on this
principle.

Nano heat engines

What are nano
heat engines?
Do they also work
on Carnot's
theorem?
How do they differ
from ordinary heat
engines?

Squeezing:

Squeezing is the
process of
compressing the
thermal reservoirs to
the possible extent
so that, literally the
two thermal
reservoirs become
one.
It is characterized
by a parameter
called squeezing
parameter, r.
And the efficiency
varies exponentially
as in the adjacent
graph.

We consider a quantum
Otto cycle for a timedependent harmonic
oscillator coupled to a
squeezed thermal reservoir.
The graph is the
comparison of a thermal
Otto cycle of the single ion
heat engine (red, bottom)
and a cycle with a hot
squeezed thermal state
(blue).
The interactions with the
hot thermal bath (B B') and
the squeezing operation
(B'C) are performed
sequentially to discriminate
both effects in their
dynamics.

 This squeezing leads to a significant

increase of the produced work (area of the
enclosed region). Inset: Squeezing
operation applied between points B' and C.
. A nanoscale heat engine is composed of a
single ion. Like a macro scale heat engine,
the theoretical nanoscale version can
convert heat into mechanical work by
taking advantage of the temperature
difference between two thermal reservoirs.

Advantages of nano heat engines

over the usual heat engines:
These are the only practical engines
which exceed the efficiency beyond
the Carnot limit.
Efficiency of the engines vary based
on the squeezing parameter.
There is no heat lost to work as one
of the heat reservoirs is non thermal.
They occupy less space when
compared to the macroscopic heat
engines.

Conclusion of the topic:

Heat engines and
their types.
Theory on which they
work.
Nano heat engines.
Working of nano heat
engines.
Advantages of nano
heat engines over
the usual heat
engines.

Queries