Chng 3 CC THUT NG C BN

Thut ng bng ting Anh

Thut ng bng ting Vit
Agreement on Agriculture

Hip nh Nng nghip

Agreement on Textiles and Clothing Hip iih Hiig dt v May mc

(ATC)
Agreement on Trade-Related Aspect of Hip nli v cc Kha cnli lin quan
Intellectual Property Rights TRIPS ^ n Thng mi ca Quyn S hii tr
tu
General Agreement
Services (GATS)

on

Trade

General Council

in Hip nh chung v Thng mi Dch

v
i hi ng

General Agreement on Tariff and Trade Hip nh Chung v ''hu quan, v

(GATT)
'hng m
International Bank for Reconstruction Ngn hng Quc t Ti thit v Pht
and Development (IBRD)
trin
International Centre for Settlement of Trung tm Quc t Gii quyt Tranli
chp u t (ICSID)
Investment Disputes (ICSID)
Hip hi Pht trin Quc t

International Development
Association (IDA)

International Finance Corporation (IFC) Cng ty Ti chnh Quc t (IFC), '

Multilateral Investment
Agency (MIGA)

Guarantee C quan Bo m u t a phng

(MIGA)

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Qu Tin l Quc t

International Trade Organization (ITO) T chc Thng mi Quc t

Ministerial Conference

Hi nghi Bp trucmg

Most-Favored-Nation (MFN)

Di ngp Toi hu quc

Multi-Fiber Arrangement Regarding Hip djnh v Bun bn Hng dt quc

International Trade in Textiles (MFA) t da sgi
National treatment (NT)
Non-agricultural
(NAMA)

Market

Di ngp Quc gia

Access M cira (tip c^) thj trumg phi nng
nghi$p

Normal trade relation

Quan h thuofng m^i binh thufng

Predictability

C th dy: don

Protocol of accession

Nghi dinh thu gia nh$p

Singapore issues

Cc van d Xinh-ga-po

Special
(SDT)

and

differential

treatment Di ngO dc bit v c phn bi^t

The final package

Trade-Related Investment
Agreement (TRIMS)

BO vn kin trn gi cui cng

Measures Hi^p dinh v cc Bi$n php Du tu lin
quan dn Thuang m^i

Trade without discrimination

Khng phn bi^t di xr trong thufOTig

m^i

United Nations

Lien hifp quc

Working group

Nhm cng tc

World Bank (WB)

Ngn hng Th gii

WTO Council General

D^i hOi dng ca WTO

World Trade Organization (WTO)

T chc Thuong m^i Th gii

GII THCH CC THUT NG QUAN TRNG

1. Nguyn tc khng phn bit i x bao gm thc thi i ng ti hu

quc v i ng quc gia. i ng ti hu quc c ngha l dnh s u i nh

nhau cho mi i tc. i ng quc gia c ngha l mt Thnh vin phi c
ngha v i x bnh ng gia trong nc v nc ngoi. M rng ra, chnh
ph phi c ngha v i x bnh ng gia mi i tc v thnh phn kinh t.
2. Thuofng mi ngy cng t do hn l mt nguyn tc xuyn sut GATT
v WTO. GATT v tip theo cc hip nh ca WTO a ra cc iu khon
v qui tc nhm rng buc v thc y cc nc thnh vin m ca th trng.
3. C th d on nhm hng ti to ra mt mi trng kinh doanh n
nh v c th d on trong h thng thong mi a bin. WTO yu cu cc
Thnh vin phi thc thi cc bin php bo m tnh minh bch trong h
thng kinh t cng nh thng mi ca mnh.
4. Khuyn khch cnh tranh cng bng cng l si ch xuyn sut
GATT v cc hip nh ca WTO. Cc nguyn tc ca h thng thng mi ca
WTO, c bit l nguyn tc tc khng phn bit i x, l nn tng bo m s
cnh tranh cng bng trong khun kh thng mi ca WTO.
5. WTO sm ra nguyn tc i x c bit v khc bit (S&D)
nhm h tr cc Thnh vin km pht trin, ang pht trin v c cc nn kinh
t ang chuyn i. WTO cho php cc nc tiuc nhm ny c hng mt
s u i khi thc hin cc cam kt ca minh.
6. Thu ho cc bin php phi thu quan theo qui nh: qui nh cc
Thnh vin s khng c duy tr, vin n, hoc p dng li bt k cc bin
php phi thu quan thuc loi c yu cu chuyn sang thu quan thng
thng, nh hn ch nh lng vic nhp khu.
7. Cam kt m ca th trng hin hnh v ti thiu: Nhng cam kt ny
nhm b sung cho bin php thu ho thc y t do ho thng mi. Cc
Thnh vin a ra cam kt m ca th trng hin hnh v ti thiu thng qua
thit lp hn ngch thu quan i vi hng nhp khu (trong hn ngch thu
sut thp, ngoi hn ngch thu sut cao). Tuy nhin vic p dng hn ngch
thu quan phi tun th nhng iu kin nht nh.
8. Nhng bin php t v c bit: Hip nh cho php t thu quan b
sung trong mt s trng hp c bit, v d khi mc nhp khu tng qu
nhanh, hoc gi mt hng nhp khu gim di mc gi no . Tuy nhin bin
php ny ch c p dng mt cch hn ch.
9. Rng buc thu (thu ngng - Binding); Hip nh qui nh tt c

cc quc gia phi t rng buc thu i vi tt c cc nng sn. Rng buc
thu c ngha l mt Thnh vin phi a ra cam kt mc thu ti a v khng
c tng thu qu mc tr mt s ngoi l.
10. H tr hp xaih l cy: l cc khon h tr khng lm bp mo hoc
lm bp mo kling iig k thng mi. Loi h tr ny c php khng phi
a vo cam kt.
11. H tr hp xanh da tri: gm cc khon tr trc tip cho ngi sn
xut trong cc chomg trnh hn ch sn xut. Cc nc thuc EU, Nht Bn
hay p dng loi tr cp ny.
12. H tr hp mu h phch: l nhng hnh ic h tr trong nc c
xem l lm bp mo thng mi.
13. Quyn tc gi gm quyn i vi cc tc phm thuc lnh vc vn
hc, ngh thut, khoa hc, chofng trnh my tnh v b su tp d liu bt lun
c th hin di hnh thc no.
14. Quyn c lin quan n tc phm nh ngh s biu din tc phm v
biu din ca cc ngh s; nh sn xut bn ghi m tc phm v tc phm ghi
m ca h; v vic pht thanh truyn hnh vi cc chng trnh pht sng radio
v truyn hnh.
15. Thng nhn l du hiu hoc tng th cc du hiu c kh nng phn
bit hng ho hoc dch v ca mt doanh nghip vi hng ho hoc dch v
ca cc doanh nghip khc.
16. Ch dn a l l nhng ch dn xc nh v hng ho c ngun gc t
lnh th ca mt nc Thnh vin, hoc t khu vc hoc a phng thuc lnh
th , nu cht lng, uy tn hoc c tnh ca hng ho ny ch yu do xut
x quyt nh.
17. Kiu dng cng nghip c hiu l nhng c im bn ngoi ca
sn phm nh hnh dng, ng nt, kiu cch v mu sc.
18. Bng sng ch c cp cho bt k mt sng ch no, d l sn
phm hoc qui trnh thuc mi lnh vc cng ngh, vi iu kin sng ch
phi mi, c trnh sng to v c kh nng p dng cng nghip.
19. Thu b (thu i khng) l thu nh vo hng ha phi nng nghip
nhp khu c cho l c tr cp thuc loi b cm hoc c th b kin theo
qui nh ca WTO.
20. Mt hnh vi c coi l bn ph gi nu nh gi xut khu sn phm

c xut khu t mt nc ny sang mt nc khc thp hn mc gi c th

so snh c ca sn phm tofng t c tiu dng ti nc xut khu theo
c iu kin thomg mi thng thng.
TM TT CHNG
1. Bn cnh vic m phn thnh lp T ch Thng mi Quc t (ITO)
ngay sau Chin tranh th gii ln th II, 23 nc tin hnh m phn v
thng mi quc t v k kt Hip nh Chung v Thu quan v Thng mi
vo nm 1947 (GATT 1947). Sut 47 nni tn ti ca mnh, vi tnh cht l mt
o lut quc t, GATT c vai tr qun tr h thng thomg mi a bin v
c nhng ng gp to ln cho s tng trng vt bc ca thng mi quc t.
Ngoi ra GATT to ra mt din n cho cc cuc m phn thng mi a
bin.
2. Cc nguyn tc c bn ca h thng thng mi a bin ca WTO bao
gm: Khng phn bit i x; Thcmg mi t do hn; C th d on; Khuyn
khch cnh tranh cng bng; v Khuyn khch pht trin v ci cch kinh t.
3. C cu t chc ca WTO bao gm: Hi ngh B trng l c quan
quyn lc cao nht ca WTO, gm i din ca tt c cc Thnh vin, hp t
nht hai nm mt ln. i hi ng l c quan chp hnh ca WTO, gm i
din ca tt c cc Thnh vin cp i s ca chnh ph. i Hi ng thc
hin cc chc nng ca WTO gia hai k Hi ngh B trng, c nhim v gii
quyt cng vic thng nht v thc hin cc chc nng khc c Hip nh
WTO giao ph. Cc y ban, Hi ng chuyn trch. V Ban th k. Ban th k
khng phi l mt c quan ra quyt nh v n thun l mt c quan hnh
chnh, h tr k thut.
4. Qu nh ra quyt nh ca WTO c da trn nguyn tc ng
thun. Khi c mt vn c trnh ln Hi ngh B trng hoc i hi ng
thng qua, nu khng mt Thnh vin no c mt c kin phn i th c
ngha l quyt nh c thng qua trn c s ng iun.
5. Vng m phn Uruguay i n k kt cc vn bn php l, ti Hi
ngh B trng Marrakesh vo thng 4 nm 1994, to nn tng cho s tn ti v
vn hnh ca WTO. Trong b hip nh , Hip nh Marrakesh l Hip nh

khung, ng vai tr l hin chng ca WTO. Ngoi ra c bn ph lc c gi

tr php l i km vi Hip nh ny (xem Hp 3.1). Ph lc 1 gm Ph lc lA
v cc Hip nh a bin v thong mi hng ho, vi 13 hip nh; Ph lc IB
v Hip nh chung v Thng mi Dch v v cc ph lc; v Ph lc 1C,
Hip nh v cc Kha cnh lin quan n Thng mi ca Quyn S hu tr
tu. Ph lc 2 v Tho thun v cc qui tc v th tc gii quyt tranh chp. Ph
lc 3 v C ch r sot chnh sch thofng mi. Ph lc 4 v cc Hip nh
thng mi nhiu bn, gm 4 hip nh.
6. Ti Hi ngh B trng Doha, Vng m phn u tin ca WTO,
Vng m phn Doha, c khi xng. Vng m phn ny tip tc gii
quyt nhng vn cn tn ti ca h thng thng mi a bin cha c gii
quyt cc vng m phn trc . v thc cht Vng m phn Doha tp
trung gii quyt cc vn v m ca th trng v cc qui tc ca WTO. WTO
t ra mc tiu kt thc Vng m phn vo ngy 01 thng 01 nm 2005. Tuy
nhin cho n nm 2015, Vng m phn vn ri vo b tc, do cha t c
s ng thun trong vic ct gim thu nhp khu v h tr sn xut trong nc
i vi hng nng sn.
7. Ngy 4 thng 1 nm 1995 WTO tip nhn n xin gia nhp ca Vit
Nam. c gia nhp WTO, Vit Nam phi tin hnh cc phin m phn
song phomg v a phcmg. Khi kt thc m phn song phng,
Vit Nam tng cng phi hon tt m phn vi 28 i tc. v m phn a
phng, tng cng Vit Nam phi tri qua 14 phin m phn chnh thc vi
Ban Cng tc. Phin u tin din ra vo cc ngy 30-31/ thng 7 nm 1998.
Phin cui cng din ra vo ngy 26 thng 10 nm 2006. Trong qu trnh m
phn, p ng cc yu cu ca m phn a phng, Vit Nam c nhng
n lc vrt bc nhm hon thin h thng lut php v chnh sch ca mnh
ph hp vi yu cu gia nhp WTO. Tng cng Vit Nam sa i v xy
dng mi 25 lut v php lnh, trong c cc o lut mi c ban hnh,
nh Lut Cnh tranh nm 2004, Php lnh Chng bn ph gi nm 2004, Lut
u t nm 2005, Lut S hu tr tu nm 2005... Ngy 7 thng 11 nm 2006,
i Hi ng hp ti Geneva xem xt v biu quyt kt np Vit Nam tr thnh
thnh vin ca WTO. Sau khi hon thiih cc th tc php l cn thit, ngy 11
thng 01 nm 2007, Vit Nam chnh thc tr thnh Thnh vin i 150 ca T
chc Thcmg mi Th gii.

8. B vn kin gia nhp ca Vit Nam bao gm cc ti liu: Ngh nh

th v vic gia nhp WTO ca Vit Nam; Quyt nh ca i hi ng v vic
gia nhp WTO ca Vit Nam; Bo co ca Ban Cng tc v vic gia nhp ca
Vit Nam; Biu cam kt v thng mi hng ho (bao gm cam kt v thu
nhp khu, hn ngch thu quan v tr cp nng nghip); v Biu cam kt c
th v thcmg mi dch v. Cc cam kt ca Vit Nam c th qui thnh ba
nhm ln l cc cam kt a phng, cc cam kt v m ca th trng hng ho
v cc cam kt v m ca th trng dch v.
9. C ch gii quyt tranh chp ca WTO c da trn Tho iun v
cc qui tc v th tc gii quyt tranh chp (DSU). C ch gii quyt tranh chp
ca WTO c da trn bn nguyn tc: cng bng, nhanh chng, hiu qu v
chp nhn c i yi cc bn tranh chp, ph hp vi mc tiu bo m cc
quyn li v ngha v ca cc bn lin quan v ph hp vi cc hip nh
thomg mi c lin quan.
CU HI N TP V THO LUN

t.

1. GATT l g. GATT c vai tr nh th no i vi thng mi quc

2. Gii thch cc nguyn tc c bn ca h thng thng mi ca WTO.

Nhng nguyn tc c nh hng nh th no n hoch nh chnh sch
cng nh thng mi quc t ca Vit Nam.
3. Trnh by tng quan h thng cc hip nh thcmg mi ca WTO.
Gii thch vai tr ca cc hip nh trong h thng hip nh .
4. Trnh by ni dung ca Vng m phn Doha ca WTO. V sao hin
nay Vng m phn ang b tc.
5. Tm tt qu trnh m phn gia nhp WTO ca Vit Nam.
6. Tm tt cc cam kt ca Vit Nam khi gia nhp WTO.
7. C ch gii quyt tranh chp ca WTO da trn hip nh no v da
trn nguyn tc no. Tm lc ni dung ca hip nh .

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. American Chamber of Commerce in Vietnam.
<http://www.amchamvietnam.eom/l 937>.
2. Nguyn Nh Bnh, (2008). Th ch thng mi quc t. Nh xut bn
Vn ha - Thng tin.
3. Nguyn Nh Bnh, (2007). Tng quan v T chc Thng mi Th
gii, trong MUTRAP, V tr, vai tr v c ch hot ng ca T chc Thng
mi Th gii trong h thng thng mi a phng, Nh xut bn Lao ng X hi.
4.
B Cng Thng. BO CO TNG KT TNH HNH THC
HIN NHIM v K HOCH NM 2007 V K HOCH NM 2008 CA
NGNH
CNG
THNG.
THNG
01/2008.
<http://www.moit.gov.vn/vsi_portlets/UserFiles/Docman/Upload/TK%2020 07%20KH%202008.doc>
5.
B K hoch v u t. Hip nh gia Cng Ho X Hi Ch
Ngha Vit Nam v Hp Chng Quc Hoa K v Quan h Thng mi.
http://www.mpi.gov.vn/portal/page/portal/bkhdt