Course Pro Forma

Program Ijazah Sarjana Muda Perguruan Dengan Kepujian

(TESL) Pendidikan Rendah

Course Title

Course Code

Action Research I TESL (Methodology)

Penyelidikan Tindakan I TESL Pendidikan Rendah (Kaedah)

TSL3113

Credit

3(3+0)

Learning
Hours

120 hours

Pre-requisite

Nil

Semester

Seven

1.

Describe educational research methods and their use in

education. (1.1)

2.
Learning
Outcomes

Explain the basic aspects of research including types of

educational research, research designs, procedure and ethics. (1.1)
(3.3) (4.4)

3.

Analyse and discuss current issues in education that can be

investigated through action research.(1.3) (1.6) (2.1) (4.6) (5.1) (5.4)
(6.3) (8.2) (8.5)

4.

Discuss action research and its process. (1.2) (5.1) (5.4) (8.2)

5.

Acquire the skills of planning and implementing an action

research in school. (1.6) (2.5) (3.3) (4.4) (5.4) (6.3) (6.4) (8.2) (8.5)

6.

Acquire the skills of writing an action research proposal,

report and journal article. (1.3) (1.6) (6.3) (7.2)

Synopsis

This course provides knowledge on action research methods in

Berkuat kuasa mulai Januari 2011

(Kemas kini Oktober 2012)

language education. It discusses the research methods in education,

types of educational research and research design, educational
research procedure, concepts of action research and models, action
research process, planning and proposal, data collection methods,
data collection considerations, data analysis, interpreting the action
research data, writing an action research report and article, and ways
of making action research data public.
Kursus ini memberi fokus pada pengetahuan tentang kaedah
penyelidikan tindakan di dalam pendidikan bahasa. Kursus ini
membincangkan pelbagai kaedah penyelidikan dalam pendidikan,
pelbagai rekabentuk penyelidikan pendidikan, prosedur penyelidikan
pendidikan, konsep dan model-model penyelidikan tindakan, proses
penyelidikan tindakan, perancangan dan cadangan, kaedah-kaedah
pengumpulan data, pertimbangan dalam pengumpulan data, analisis
data, interpretasi data penyelidikan tindakan, penulisan laporan dan
artikel penyelidikan tindakan, dan cara-cara menyebarkan data
penyelidikan tindakan.
No.

Topic

Content

Hours

Introduction to research
methods in education

The aims of educational research

The characteristics of educational
research
Approaches in educational research
The positivist approach (quantitative)
The interpretive approach (qualitative)
Ethics of educational research
- The important aspects of research
ethics
- Ethical codes

Types of educational
research and various
types of educational
research design

Types of educational research

Basic research
Applied research
Action research
Evaluation research

Introduction to various types of educational

research design
Quantitative research
Experimental
Quasi-experimental
Survey
Correlational
Qualitative research
Ethnography
Case study
Historical
3

Educational research
procedure

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(Kemas kini Oktober 2012)

Choosing a research problem

Determining the research objective

No.

Topic

Content

Action research:
Concepts and model

Determining the research questions

Determining the research hypotheses
Reviewing the literature
Planning the research design
Determining the sampling procedure
Constructing the research instrument
Constructing the validity and reliability of
the instrument
Determining the data collection procedure
Collecting data
Analysing and interpreting the data
Reporting the results and findings
Definition and concepts
The characteristics of action research
The importance of action research

Hours

Models of action research

- Stephen Kemmiss model
- John Elliotts model
- Dave Ebbutts model
- Jack Whiteheads model
- Jean McNiffs model
- Kurt Lewins model
5

Action research: The

process

Adapted from the models of Lewin, 1946 and

Laidlaw,1992:
Identifying an aspect of the educational
practice to improve
Planning an action
Implementing the action
Collecting the data
Reflecting on the action (before, during
and after the action)

Taking further action

Developing the second cycle of action
research
6

Action research: Planning

and proposal

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(Kemas kini Oktober 2012)

Context
Focus / aspect of practice to improve
Research questions
Literature review
Subjects of the study
Action plan
Implementation of action plan
Data collection methods
Reflection: Data analysis and
interpretation
Work schedule
Budget
Sources of reference

No.

Topic

Action research: Data

collection methods

Action research: Data

collection methods

Content
Observation: : observer, participantobserver, participant
Document analysis
checklists
Interview: structured, semi-structured,
unstructured
Questionnaires
Video and cassette recordings
Logs
Field notes
Photographs

Hours
3

Portfolios
Anecdotal records

9
Action research: Data
collection considerations
Sampling, validity, reliability,
bias

Slides
Journals
Diaries
Sampling and bias
Validity:
- External critics (originality of the data)
- Internal critics (accuracy of the data)
- Data triangulation

Reliability- The generalisability of findings

Ethics

10

Action research: data

analysis
Qualitative data

Content analysis
Categorising the data
Coding the data
Arranging the data into analysis grids
Identifying the issues/themes/assertions
Further research activities

11

Action research: data

analysis
Quantitative data

Descriptive analysis: Frequency,

percentage, mean, mod, median, standard
deviation, correlation coefficient

12

Interpreting the action

research data

Integrating various sources of data

Connecting the data with literature review
Summarising the results and drawing
conclusions

13

Writing an action
research report

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(Kemas kini Oktober 2012)

The context/background of the study

Literature review
Focus/ aspect of the practice to improve
The action plan
Implementation of action plan

No.

Topic

Content

Hours

Data collection methods

Data analysis and interpretation
Reflection and implications
Plan for further action
Citation of references :American
Psychological Association (APA)

14

3
Writing an action
research article

Abstract
The context
Research focus
Action plan
Implementation of action plan
Data collection methods
Data analysis and interpretation
Reflection and implications
The next step
Bibliography

15

3
Ways of disseminating
action research data

Seminar
Publication
Action research network

TOTAL
Assessment

Coursework

Learning Hours

Examination
Face-to-face Learning Hours

Main References

50%
50%
45 hours

Non Face-to-face Learning Hours

75 hours
Cohen, L., Manion, L. & Morrison, K. (2001). Research methods
in education (5th. Eds.). London: Routledge Falmer.
Creswell, J. W. (2005). Educational research. Planning,
conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative
research. Ohio: Prentice Hall.

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45

Additional
References

Fraenkel, J.R. & Wallen, N.E.(1990). How to design and

evaluate research in education. USA, McGraw-Hill.
Gillham, B. (2003). The research interview. London: Continuum.
Jones, J. (2005). Management skills in school. London: Paul
Chapman Publishing.
Kembar, D. (2000). Action learning and action research. London:
Kogan Page.
Mills, G. E. (2000). Action research. A guide for the teacher
researcher. Ohio: Prentice Hall.
Macintyre, C. (2000). The art of action research in the
classroom. London: David Fulton Publishers Ltd.

Berkuat kuasa mulai Januari 2011

(Kemas kini Oktober 2012)