Raw Data

Grouped Data

Measures of Location:
=

x =

x =

fx
N

f x
n

1
nF
2
md=L+ c
f

( )

md=

Measures of Variation:
Range=HdLd

Range=
QR=Q3Q1
QD=

f d

n
AD=

n
AD=

s=

( x )2
N

( xx )
n1

s=

n x 2 ( x )
s=
n(n1)

QR
2

f ( x )2
N
f ( xx )
n1

n f x 2( f x )
s=
n (n1)

s=c

n f u2 ( f u )
n(n1)

Permutation:
nPr=

n!
( nr ) !

Combination:
nC r =

n!
r ! ( nr ) !