What to do

1- If you are using the penlid, use some plasticine to block the hole in the top, then add plasticine to the
bottom of the lid until it just floats
2- Fill the bottle up to the top
3- Float the lid or sachet in the bottle.
4- Put the lid on the bottle
5- SQUEEEZE

What may happen

When you squeeze the bottle you should find that the diver ( the penlid / sachet ) sinks and then when
you stop squeezing it should float again. You should be able to repeat this as often as you like.

Object 1

Why does it happen?

If something is surrounded by a fluid, it gets an upthrust (push upwards) that is as strong as the weight
of the liquid it is pushing out of the way. This means that if an object takes up more space than it's
weight in water (is less dense than water) it will float, and if an object is smaller than it's weight in
water it will sink.

less dense means it floats more dense so it sinks

Both the pen lid and the sachet have an air pocket in them - the one in the sachet is better hidden, but
you may be able to see it if you hold the sachet up to the light.. This makes them quite a lot bigger and
so gives them lots of upthrust, whilst only increasing their weight by a minute amount, so it makes
them less dense.

If you squash the bottle, because the water is virtually incompressible this pressure is transferred to the
air pocket, squashing it and making it smaller. This makes the penlid smaller so it is more dense and
sinks.
If you stop squashing the air will expand again reducing the lid's density so it floats again.

How is this related to a real submarine?

Real submarines can affect whether they float or sink in a similar way. They have large tanks on their
sides which they can fill with water to increase the submarine's density and sink, or fill with
compressed air from tanks inside the submarine to reduce their density agian so they float again.

PLASMA MEMBRANE
PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER
GLYCOPROTEIN
PROTEIN CHANNEL
HYDROPHILIC HEADS
HYDROPHOBIC TAILS
INTEGRAL PROTEIN