+

Abu Dhabi Education Council

AlTamayos Model School

Matter

 Atoms
) Protons Neutrons
( Electrons

) ( Orbits

1
1800

.
) ( ) (
.

.


.
Aluminum

Oxygen

Al
Al
Al

.
)(1
Exercise
: Key words
Proton
Orbit

Atom ....

Matter ....

Nucleus .... Electron ...

....

Neutron ....

....

 :
-1
............................ .
-2 .......................... ............................

...............................

-3 ....................... ....................... .....................

-4 ........................ .......................
-5 ...........................

.........................

................................

-6 ......................... ........................
-7 .......................
-8 .......................

...........................

:
1

-1

.....................................................

-2

.....................................................
2

-3

.....................................................
4

-4

.....................................................

* ........................ ........................ .........................

.............................
*
.................................................................................................................................................................................................

)(2
* Changing the atomic structure theory over time


-1

Democritus 460 ..

-2

John Dalton 1808

-3

Joseph Thomson 1903

-4

+
Philip Lenard 1904

-5

Rutherford 1911

-6

Bohr 1913

-7

1932

+

)(3
Exercise
: Key words
Particles

Theory ....

Electron cloud

.... Scientists ....

Atom ....

....

...........................................

...........................................

............................................

............................................

...........................................

...........................................

:
-1

..................................................................

-4

..................................................................

-2

..................................................................

-5

..................................................................

-3

..................................................................

-6

..................................................................

)(4
* Atomic number : Mass number
Atomic number Mass number
: Atomic number
.

Number of protons

Atomic number = Number of electrons

: Mass number +
.

+ Number of protons

Mass number = Number of neutrons

Mass
number

Atomic number

: Li 3 3 4 .
7

3 7 Li

23

11 23 Na

11

11
11
+
= 23 12 = 11 .
)(5
Exercise
: Key words
Element
formula

Mass number ....

number ....

.... Atomic

.... Molecular

............................

..................................... .......................................

............................

......................

........................... .............................. .
:

 19 ............... 20

...............

...............

....................

3Li

...............

...............

...............

...............

...............

Be

He

..............................

..............................

..............................

..............................

..............................

..............................

..............................

..............................

..............................

..............................

)(6
* ) ( Electron shells & electronic configuration
P
Q

O

.
N
M

* Number of energy levels

L

) ( .,1,2,3,4
:

( (K,L,M,N,O,P,Q
K L ............

* ) ( orbit

 K 2
L 8
M 18
N 32
* : Si 14 :
2 8
( ( 4 , 8 , 2 :

2,8,4

_ Si

* : O

Na ,

11

N ,

)(7
Exercise
: Key words
electronic configuration

Orbit ..

Energy levels

..

1 7

) ( ....................................................................................................
...............
............... ...............
............... .

) ( 7

Na

11

)(8
* : The periodic table



.
. Periodic table
1864
John Newlands Mass number
1869
Dmitri Mendeleev Mass number

1913 Henry Moseley
Atomic number


Groups
Periods
)(9
Exercise
: Key words
Mass

Atomic number .

Periods

Groups .

Periodic table .

number .

:
-1 ....................................
....................................

....................................

-2

....................................

-3

....................................

-4

....................................

....................................

....................................

-1

.............................................

-2

.............................................

-3

.............................................

-4

.............................................

-5

.............................................

-6

.............................................

-7

.............................................

-8

.............................................

-9

.............................................

-10

............................................

-11

.............................................

-12

............................................

-13

............................................

-14

.............................................

-15

............................................

-16

............................................

-17

.............................................

-18

............................................

-19

............................................

-20

.............................................

) ( 10
: Groups
Groups 18
:
-1

A ) I
( VIII
-2 B ) I

( VIII
*

H
1

Li
1,2

Na
1,8,2

11

19

1,8,8,2

Be

12

2,2

20Ca

2,8,8,2

2,8,2

: Periods

) ( 11
Exercise
: Key words
Periods

Groups

Periodic table

:
-1 ............................

............................

-2 ............................ A ) I
( VIII
-3

............................

B ) I ( VIII

-4

............................

-5 VI
-6

............................

............................

............................

 -7 ............................
-8

............................

Si

14

He

Li

............................

............................

............................

............................

............................

............................

) ( 12
:

 -1 :Metals


-2 : Non-metals
-3 : Transition elements


-4 : Noble elements

Inert gases

) ( 13
Exercise

 : Key words
Noble elements
Metalloids

Metals ..

Non-metals ..

Transition elements ..

..

..

:
-1 ...............................

...............................

...............................

...............................

-2 ............................... ...............................
-3

...............................

-4 ...............................

:
Fe He Cl Mg Li C Ne
K Cu Au Ar . S

Metals

Transition elements

Non-metals

Noble Elements

) ( 14

:
Trends in physical & chemical properties of elements in
periodic table

. :
) Metallic character Electric conductivity
Density
Melting point ( Reactivity with water
:
-1 ) : Metallic character
(

.
:

.
:

) ( 15
-2 : Electrical conductivity

.
:


:


-3 : Density

) (

.
:

:


-4 : Melting point

:


:


-5 : Reactivity with water


:


:

) ( 16

1234-

4-

1234-

) ( 17
Exercise
: Key words
Chemical properties

Physical properties

Electric conductivity

Metallic characters

:
-1 ............................

............................

............................

............................

-2

............................

-3 ............................ ............................
-4 ............................

.......................

-5 ............................ ............................

) ( 18
Exercise
: Key words
Reactivity with water

..

Melting point

Density

...

:
-1

..................................................................................................................

-2

......................

-3

......................

......................

-4

......................

......................

......................

-5

......................

......................

) ( 19

: Atom , molecule & compound

- : Atom
.

- : Molecule
.








.

) ( 20
Exercise

: Key words
Molecule .

Compound

Atom ..

:
-1

...............................................................................................................................................................................

-2 -

...............................................................................................................................................................................

:
-1

.......................

-2
.......................

.......................

.......................

.......................

.......................

.................................

.......................

....................................

...........................................

.................................

) ( 21
- : Compound
.


.
)
(
.
: Oxygen ( ( O2


:
-1
-2
-3
-4
: Carbon dioxide ) ( CO2


:
-1
-2
-3
-4

) ( 22
Exercise
: Key words
Molecule

Chemical formula

Carbon dioxide

Oxygen .

..

.............................

-
..........................................................................................................................................

:
...................................................................................................................... - 1
.........
...................................................................................................................... - 2
.........
...................................................................................................................... - 3
.........
...................................................................................................................... - 4
.........
:

.............................

 -
..........................................................................................................................................

:
...................................................................................................................... - 1
.........
...................................................................................................................... - 2
.........
...................................................................................................................... - 3
.........
...................................................................................................................... - 4
.........
) ( 23

: Water ) ( H2O


:
-1
-2
-3
-4 % 95
: Methane ) ( CH4


:
-1
-2
-3

) ( 24
Exercise
: Key words
Molecule
Methane

Chemical formula

..Water .

.............................

-
..........................................................................................................................................

:
...................................................................................................................... - 1
.........
...................................................................................................................... - 2
.........
...................................................................................................................... - 3
.........
...................................................................................................................... - 4
.........

.............................

-
..........................................................................................................................................

:
...................................................................................................................... - 1
.........
...................................................................................................................... - 2
.........
...................................................................................................................... - 3
.........

) ( 25
: Sodium chloride ) ( NaCl


:
-1
-2
-3
: Silicon dioxide ) ( SiO2


:
-1
-2
-3

) ( 26
Exercise
: Key words
Molecule

Chemical formula

) Silicon dioxide ( silica

chloride

..Sodium

) ( :

.............................

-
..........................................................................................................................................

:
...................................................................................................................... - 1
.........

...................................................................................................................... - 2
.........
...................................................................................................................... - 3
.........
:

.............................

-
..........................................................................................................................................

:
...................................................................................................................... - 1
.........
...................................................................................................................... - 2
.........
...................................................................................................................... - 3
.........
) ( 27