NORMALIZATION

NORMALIZATION
It is a process of analyzing the given relation schemas
based on their Functional Dependencies (FDs) and
primary key to achieve the properties
- Minimizing redundancy
- Minimizing insertion, deletion and update
anomalies.
Note: Dont include computed fields

Normalization comprises a set of rules called Normal

Forms i.e., First normal form, Second normal form,
Third normal form, Forth normal form, Boyce/Codd
Normal Form etc.,

FIRST NORMAL FORM

Reduce entities to first normal form (1NF) by removing
repeating or multivalued attributes to another, child entity

Relation in 1NF

Second Normal Form

Reduce first normal form entities to second normal form (2NF)
by removing attributes that are not dependent on the whole
primary key (partial dependency)

Relation in 2NF

Transitive dependency
An attribute in a table is dependent on another non primary
key attribute rather than the primary key.
A condition where A, B, and C are attributes of a relation such
that
if A -> B and B -> C
then C is transitively dependent on A via B i.e, A->C is a
transitive dependency.
This situation is eliminated when the table is in third normal
form.

Third Normal Form

A relation is in third normal form (3NF) if it is in second normal
form and it contains no transitive dependencies.
OR
Reduce second normal form entities to third normal form (3NF)
by removing attributes that depend on other, nonkey attributes.

Decomposed into 3NF

All the tables